EP4321242A1 - System for mixing two fluids - Google Patents
System for mixing two fluids Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP4321242A1 EP4321242A1 EP22020382.2A EP22020382A EP4321242A1 EP 4321242 A1 EP4321242 A1 EP 4321242A1 EP 22020382 A EP22020382 A EP 22020382A EP 4321242 A1 EP4321242 A1 EP 4321242A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- opening diameter
- openings
- tube
- fluid
- main pipe
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 103
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000005839 oxidative dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 13
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004230 steam cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-3-enoic acid;ethene Chemical compound C=C.OC(=O)CC=C DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012824 chemical production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011143 downstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F25/30—Injector mixers
- B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
- B01F25/313—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced in the centre of the conduit
- B01F25/3133—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced in the centre of the conduit characterised by the specific design of the injector
- B01F25/31331—Perforated, multi-opening, with a plurality of holes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F25/30—Injector mixers
- B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
- B01F25/314—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced at the circumference of the conduit
- B01F25/3142—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced at the circumference of the conduit the conduit having a plurality of openings in the axial direction or in the circumferential direction
- B01F25/31425—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced at the circumference of the conduit the conduit having a plurality of openings in the axial direction or in the circumferential direction with a plurality of perforations in the axial and circumferential direction covering the whole surface
Definitions
- the invention relates to a system for mixing two fluids, in particular for mixing two different gases, for example the mixing of oxygen into a hydrocarbon stream, and to a use of this system in particular for oxidative dehydrogenation processes.
- the mixing of two gases within pipelines is usually achieved using a gas distributor and optionally subsequently using static mixing elements.
- the gas distributor is typically designed as a T-piece, as an inserted, perforated pipe or as a lance.
- a high mixing quality is usually only achieved further downstream through the additional use of static mixing elements.
- the gas injector sold by the applicant as OXYMIX this is introduced into the interior of a main pipe through which a first gas flows and through this a second gas is injected into the interior of the main pipe, the second gas being injected in particular counter to the flow direction of the first gas via an injector head which has circularly arranged openings for the gas to exit.
- Static mixing elements are, for example, spiral-shaped elements for deflecting a gas flow, whereby the static mixing elements can also include other shapes such as squares, grids, etc.
- ODH oxidative dehydrogenation
- paraffins with two to four carbon atoms
- ODH these paraffins are reacted with oxygen, producing, among other things, the corresponding olefins and water.
- ODH refers in particular to the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane to ethylene, hereinafter also referred to as ODHE.
- ODH may be advantageous over more established processes for producing olefins such as steam cracking or catalytic dehydrogenation.
- steam cracking or catalytic dehydrogenation there is no thermodynamic equilibrium constraint due to the exothermic nature of the reactions involved and due to the virtually irreversible formation of water.
- the ODH can be carried out at comparatively low reaction temperatures. In principle, regeneration of the catalysts used is not necessary since the presence of oxygen enables or effects regeneration in situ. Finally, in contrast to steam cracking, smaller amounts of worthless by-products such as coke are produced.
- Catalysts based on MoVNbOx and MoVNbTeOx can be used in ODH. Under industrially relevant reaction conditions, significant amounts of the respective carboxylic acids of the paraffins used are formed as by-products, especially acetic acid in the case of ODHE. Processes that involve the targeted formation of ethylene and acetic acid are also referred to as “EDHOX”. Such processes are considered a superior option for ethylene producers and an advantageous choice for processes that require both ethylene and acetic acid, such as: B. VAM (vinyl acetate monomer), EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) copolymer, PVOH (polyvinyl alcohol) products, PET (polyethylene terephthalate), ethyl acetate and similar derivatives.
- VAM vinyl acetate monomer
- EVA ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer
- PVOH polyvinyl alcohol
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- the typical EDHOX system consists of a reaction section, a separation/purification stage and a closed circuit for ethane recycling.
- EDHOX supplies downstream processes directly with ethylene and acetic acid.
- the combined ethylene and acetic acid yield is remarkably high, with an overall selectivity of over 93%.
- This ODH process also recovers a significant portion of the carbon dioxide produced as a pure byproduct (for carbon capture, utilization and storage, CCUS).
- the reaction in ODH is preferably carried out in fixed bed reactors, in particular in cooled tube bundle reactors, e.g. B. carried out with salt molten cooling.
- the volume of the mixer or the mixing section (distributor including optional static mixing elements), especially when mixing in oxygen for oxidation processes in refineries or chemical production.
- Another aim is to keep the pressure loss across the distributor and optional mixing elements as low as possible. Areas with high oxygen concentrations should be avoided as much as possible because of the resulting possible high-temperature spots and the resulting uncontrolled reactions and the risk of explosion. The same applies to mixing oxygen into a hydrocarbon stream.
- the distributor should not create any recirculation areas or dead zones, which are associated with increased local residence times, which in turn can be questionable from a safety perspective.
- the distributor should also be suitable for oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH), especially of ethane to ethylene, also called ODHE.
- ODH oxidative dehydrogenation
- the present invention proposes a system for mixing two fluids and a use of such a system according to the independent claims.
- fluid is to be understood as meaning a liquid or a gas, but also a liquid-gas mixture.
- Each of the fluids mentioned can be mixed with another of the fluids mentioned, for example a gas in a liquid, a gas in a gas or a gas in a liquid-gas mixture, etc.
- the two fluids can be different or the same. Without limiting the generality, the example of a mixture of a gas in a main gas stream of another gas will be considered below.
- the system according to the invention for mixing two fluids has a main pipe for transporting a first fluid in a downstream direction of the main pipe.
- Downstream direction is to be understood as meaning a flow essentially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the main pipe, in particular in front of the distributor and optional static mixing elements. After the distributor, turbulent flow areas can arise, with the resulting mixture continuing overall flows downstream.
- the system according to the invention further has a distribution device for supplying and distributing a second fluid inside the main tube, this distribution device having a plurality of radial tubes extending in the radial direction of the main tube, one end of which is arranged along a circumference of the main tube and which is located in extend the interior of the main pipe.
- each radial tube has openings in its tube jacket, which are designed for the supply of the second fluid into the interior of the main tube.
- “Arranged along a circumference of the main tube” means here that the radial tubes are arranged at certain points on the main tube in the circumferential direction of the main tube. These protrude into the interior of the main pipe.
- a radial tube can extend over the entire cross section of the main tube. It is also possible for a radial tube to extend up to the longitudinal axis of the main tube, so that two or more radial tubes meet on the longitudinal axis of the main tube. Finally, it is also possible for a radial tube to only extend up to a predetermined distance from the longitudinal axis of the main tube. These possibilities will be discussed below.
- an optimal mixing of the second fluid into the main flow of the first fluid can be achieved.
- a very high mixing quality is achieved after the distribution device or the distributor. This allows the total length of the mixer (including optional static mixing elements) and thus the volume of the mixer to be significantly reduced.
- a reduction in the volume of the mixer is advantageous in terms of safety, especially if mixing is to be carried out in the explosion area.
- the mixer according to the invention or the mixing system according to the invention also does not produce any recirculation areas or dead zones, which are associated with increased local residence times, which should also be avoided, particularly in the mixture of oxygen and hydrocarbon mentioned.
- the radial tubes extend with their other ends, i.e. with their ends protruding into the interior of the main tube, up to a predefined distance from the longitudinal axis of the main tube. Said end of each radial tube can be completely closed so that the second fluid is supplied via the mentioned openings in the tube jacket of a radial tube, or the end of the radial tube can be closed except for at least one opening, so that the second fluid is additionally supplied through this at least one opening at the end of a radial tube.
- the respective other ends i.e. the ends of the radial tubes projecting into the interior of the main tube, are connected to a central tube section arranged axially inside the main tube.
- This can improve the stability of the radial tubes and also have a positive effect on the flow properties.
- the connection between said other end of the radial tube and the central tube section can have at least one opening which is designed for the supply of the second fluid into the interior of the main tube.
- the openings in the tube jacket of a radial tube either have the same opening diameter or two, three or more different opening diameters. In this way it is possible to supply different areas inside the main pipe with second fluid through the different opening diameters. In this way, the entire cross-sectional area of the main pipe can be supplied with the second fluid as evenly as possible.
- an opening with a first opening diameter is surrounded by two openings with a second opening diameter along a first arrangement direction.
- openings with a first opening diameter and openings with a second opening diameter can alternate along a first arrangement direction.
- exactly one opening located as centrally as possible in the radial tube along the first arrangement direction with a first, in particular larger opening diameter can be surrounded by two openings with a second, in particular smaller opening diameter at equal distances, so that a central area within the cross-sectional area is supplied with second fluid as evenly as possible can.
- openings with a third along a second arrangement direction on the radial tube circumference which runs in particular parallel to the first arrangement direction Opening diameters are arranged.
- the openings with the third opening diameter are arranged in greater density along the second arrangement direction compared to the openings with the first or second opening diameter.
- the first opening diameter is larger than the second opening diameter and the second opening diameter is larger than the third opening diameter.
- other arrangements can be selected in order to achieve the most uniform possible distribution over the cross section with this second fluid.
- the openings in the tube jacket of a radial tube are arranged such that the second fluid flows into the downstream direction of the main tube and/or at an angle of at most 45° to the downstream direction, the downstream direction being parallel to the longitudinal axis of the main tube Inside the main pipe flows in.
- the openings in the tube jacket of a radial tube in such a way that the second fluid flows in an upstream direction of the main tube and/or at an angle of at most 45° to the upstream direction, the upstream direction running parallel to the longitudinal axis of the main tube , flows into the interior of the main pipe.
- the second fluid flows counter to the first fluid as it exits the radial tube.
- the openings in the tube jacket of a radial tube are arranged such that the second fluid flows in a direction perpendicular to the downstream direction of the main tube and/or at an angle of at most 45° to the direction perpendicular to the downstream direction, the downstream direction being parallel to the longitudinal axis of the main pipe, flows into the interior of the main pipe.
- the second fluid exits at a substantially right angle to the flow direction of the first fluid. This can also achieve good mixing. It has been shown that a combination of all three, but especially also the first and last-mentioned options, can deliver a good mixing result.
- the distributor device comprises an annular space which at least partially surrounds the circumference of the main tube, along which the radial tubes are attached, one end of which is connected to the annular space in order to supply second fluid introduced into the annular space into the radial tubes transport.
- the annular space in particular has a feed connection for supplying the second fluid.
- Second fluid introduced into the annular space in this way is consequently distributed within the annular space, which is arranged in the circumferential direction and at least part of the circumference of the main pipe. From this annular space, the second fluid can flow into the radial tubes.
- One end of the radial tubes is open and its circumference is connected to the casing of the main tube.
- the second fluid that flows into a radial pipe then passes through the openings in the pipe jacket of the radial pipe into the interior of the main pipe.
- the main pipe can have openings in its pipe jacket in the area of the annular space surrounding it, which allow the second fluid to be fed from the annular space into the interior of the main pipe. In this way, second fluid can flow into the interior of the main pipe directly on the inside of the main pipe.
- the openings in the tube jacket of the main tube can be arranged in such a way that an opening with a fourth opening diameter is surrounded by two openings with a fifth opening diameter along a third arrangement direction, in particular Openings with a sixth opening diameter are arranged along a fourth arrangement direction, which runs in particular parallel to the third arrangement direction.
- the fourth opening diameter is larger than the fifth opening diameter and the fifth opening diameter is larger than the sixth opening diameter, with the openings with the sixth opening diameter in particular being arranged in a closer order than the openings along the third arrangement direction, so the openings with the fourth or fifth opening diameter.
- the fourth opening diameter is equal to the first opening diameter
- the fifth opening diameter is equal to the second opening diameter
- the sixth opening diameter is equal to the third opening diameter.
- the present mixing system according to the invention is particularly, but not exclusively, suitable for mixing oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas as the second fluid in a hydrocarbon or a gas comprising a hydrocarbon as the first fluid.
- An example of this is the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane to ethylene (ODHE).
- the second aspect of the invention relates to the use of the system explained above for feeding oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas as a second fluid into hydrocarbon or a hydrocarbon such as ethane-containing gas as a first fluid, in particular in an ODHE process, at an operating pressure of 2 to 20 bar or in particular 2 to 10 bar or more in particular 3 to 6 bar, the second fluid being fed to the radial tubes at 10 to 40 degrees Celsius or in particular at 20 to 30 degrees Celsius or further in particular at about 25 degrees Celsius.
- the flow ratio in the main pipe of the second fluid (e.g. oxygen or oxygen-containing gas) to the first fluid e.g.
- ethane or fluid containing ethane) flowing in the main pipe is 0.1 to 0.8 kg/kg or in particular 0.15 to 0.5 kg/kg or more particularly 0.3 to 0.4 kg/kg, the temperature of the mixture being in particular 150 to 350 degrees Celsius or in particular 200 to 300 degrees Celsius or more particularly 240 to 260 degrees Celsius.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of a system 100 for mixing two fluids.
- the illustrated system 100 is cut in a horizontal and a vertical direction to facilitate understanding.
- the system 100 includes a main pipe 110 for transporting a first fluid in a downstream direction of the main pipe 110 and a manifold 120 for supplying and distributing a second fluid within the interior of the main pipe 110.
- the distributor device 120 has a plurality of radial tubes 130 (in this example six radial tubes 130) extending in the radial direction of the main tube 110, one end 132 of which is arranged along a circumference of the main tube 110, the radial tubes 130 extending into the interior of the main tube 110 extend.
- Each radial tube 130 has openings 134, 136, 138 in its tube jacket, which are designed for the supply of the second fluid into the interior of the main tube 110.
- an oxygen stream is used as the first fluid, which is mixed into a second fluid, here a hydrocarbon stream.
- a second fluid here a hydrocarbon stream.
- gases and/or liquids and/or liquid-gas mixtures can be used as first and second fluids.
- the radial tubes 130 extend with their other ends 133, i.e. with their ends 133 extending into the interior of the main tube 110, up to a predefined distance from the longitudinal axis 112 of the main tube 110.
- the ends 133 can in principle be closed.
- the second fluid (for example the oxygen stream) can be added to the radial tubes 130 by suitable feed devices.
- the distributor device 120 includes an annular space 150 for this purpose, which at least partially surrounds a circumference of the main tube 110, along which the radial tubes 130 are attached, one end 132 of which is connected to the annular space 150 in order to accommodate second fluid introduced into the annular space 150 to be transported into the radial tubes 130.
- the annular space 150 for its part has a feed connection 160 for supplying the second fluid into the annular space 150.
- the openings in the tube jacket of a radial tube 130 are equipped with different, flow-optimized hole diameters in order to achieve the most uniform possible mixing over a respective open cross section inside the main tube 110.
- the openings 134, 136, 138 in the tube jacket of a radial tube 130 have three different opening diameters. Visible in Figure 1 is an opening 134 with a first opening diameter, an opening 136 with a second opening diameter and an opening 138 with a third opening diameter, the first opening diameter being larger than the second and the second opening diameter being larger than the third.
- a particularly uniform mixing of second fluid into the respective open cross section inside the main pipe 110 can be achieved by a special arrangement of these openings 134, 136, 138, as described further below in connection with Figure 2 is explained.
- the openings 134, 136, 138 in the tube jacket of a radial tube 130 are in the exemplary embodiment Figure 1 arranged such that the second fluid flows through openings 138 with smaller opening diameter in the downstream direction of the main pipe as well (to a lesser extent, as shown in Figure 3 can be seen) flows into the interior of the main pipe 110 in the opposite upstream direction of the main pipe and through openings 134, 136 with a larger opening diameter in a direction substantially perpendicular to the downstream direction of the main pipe. This also allows the interference to be designed to be flow-optimized.
- FIG. 1 In the exemplary embodiment according to Figure 1 is along a first arrangement direction 311 (see Fig. 3 ) an opening 134 with a first opening diameter surrounded by two openings 136 with a second opening diameter.
- a second arrangement direction 312 (see Fig. 3 ) openings 138 are arranged with a third opening diameter. It is advantageous if the second arrangement direction runs parallel to the first arrangement direction and if the openings 138 along the second arrangement direction are arranged closer than the openings along the first arrangement direction.
- the opening 134 has a larger opening diameter than the openings 136.
- the opening 134 is surrounded by two openings 136.
- the smaller openings are arranged along a second arrangement direction which is substantially parallel to the first arrangement direction.
- the openings 138 with the third opening diameter are arranged closer than the openings 134,136 along the first arrangement direction.
- the openings 134, 136 transport second fluid in a direction that is substantially perpendicular to the downstream direction of the main tube 110.
- the openings 138 transport second fluid at a small angle thereto due to the curvature of the jacket surface of the radial tube 130, this angle being at most 45°.
- the subsequent series of openings with the smallest diameter transport the fluid in a direction downstream of the main pipe 110.
- FIG. 1 Also shown are further openings 114, 116, 118 in the tube jacket of the main tube 110 in the area of the annular space 150. More precisely, these openings 114, 116, 118 are attached between one end 132 of the radial tubes 130. These openings 114, 116, 118 are arranged in an analogous manner to the openings 134, 136, 138.
- a third arrangement direction 313 see Fig. 3
- an opening 114 with a fourth opening diameter is surrounded by two openings 116 with a fifth opening diameter.
- a fourth arrangement direction 314 which runs parallel to the third arrangement direction, openings 118 with a sixth opening diameter are arranged in a denser arrangement.
- the fourth opening diameter is equal to the first
- the fifth opening diameter is equal to the second
- the sixth opening diameter is equal to the third.
- FIG. 2 The fluidic effect of this arrangement of the openings 114, 116, 118 and 134, 136, 138 is in Figure 2 to see.
- a section of a cross section of the main pipe 110 can be seen, this section being essentially delimited by two radial pipes 130 following one another in the circumferential direction and the corresponding section of the pipe jacket of the main pipe 110.
- the cross-sectional section is to be understood here less as a plane, but rather as a region of finite Thickness to represent the corresponding second fluid mixing areas of both openings 134, 136 and 116, 114 as well as the second fluid mixing areas across the adjacent rows of openings 138 and 118, respectively.
- FIG. 2 Shown are the mixing areas 210 for the second fluid via the large openings 134, 114. These mixing areas 210 overlap and are to be located in the center of the cross-sectional section (“central area”). Furthermore Shown are mixing areas 220 for second fluid via the central openings 136, 116. These mixing areas also overlap and are located in the corner areas.
- the openings 138, 118 are present, i.e. the small openings that lead to mixing areas 230.
- the mixing areas are in turn superimposed, so that the edge area is essentially continuously supplied with second fluid. Overall, the arrangement of the openings shown results in optimal coverage of the cross-sectional section with second fluid.
- the embodiment according to Figure 1 for an EDHOX process for example, at an operating pressure of 2 to 10 bar, preferably at 3 to 6 bar, for example at about 5 bar.
- Oxygen can be added via the feed port 160 at, for example, 20 to 30 degrees Celsius, in particular 22 to 28 degrees Celsius, for example at approximately 25 degrees Celsius.
- the ratio of the flow rates of the oxygen (or the oxygen-containing gas) and the hydrocarbon flowing in the main pipe 110 is preferably 0.1 to 0.8 kg / kg, in particular 0.15 to 0.5 kg / kg and particularly preferably between 0.3 and 0.4 kg/kg at a mixing temperature of, for example, 220 to 280 degrees Celsius, in particular 240 to 260 degrees Celsius, for example about 250 degrees Celsius.
- the opening diameter of the openings 134 with a large opening diameter can be, for example, 20 to 24 mm, in particular approximately 22 mm
- the opening diameter of the medium-sized openings 136 can be, for example, 14 to 18 mm, in particular 16 mm
- the opening diameter of the small openings 138 can, for example 4 to 8 mm, in particular 6 mm.
- the opening diameter of the opening 142 in the central tube section 140 can be, for example, between 6 and 10 mm, in particular 8 mm.
- Figure 3 shows schematically in another perspective view the system 100 for mixing two fluids Figure 1 . Only the type of perspective view is changed here, whereby Figure 1 the system 100 from the downstream side and Figure 3 the system 100 shows from the upstream side. It can be seen that no openings with the smallest opening diameter 138 are arranged in the radial tubes 130, which release second fluid in an upstream direction of the main tube 110. Only the ones in Figure 3 Openings 138 shown along the arrangement direction 312 (and the corresponding further openings 138) release second fluid in this direction at a small angle (at most 45 °) to the upstream direction. The arrangement directions 311 and 312 are easier to see due to the larger view.
- the openings 114 and 116 are arranged in the pipe jacket of the main pipe 110 along a third arrangement direction 313 and the openings 118 are arranged in a fourth arrangement direction 314.
- the distribution device 120 and the system 100 for mixing two fluids full reference is made to the explanations of the exemplary embodiment Figure 1 referred.
- FIG 4 shows schematically another embodiment of a system 100 for mixing two fluids in a perspective view.
- the annular space 150 can be clearly seen, which surrounds the main tube 110 on the part of the circumference shown, as well as the various openings 134, 136 and 138 in the tube jacket of each radial tube 130 and the openings 114, 116 and 118 in the tube jacket of the Main tube 110 in the areas between the radial tubes 130.
- the arrangement of these openings corresponds to that of the exemplary embodiment Figure 1 .
- the radial tubes 130 are arranged with their ends 133 projecting into the interior of the main tube 110 in such a way that the ends 133 are connected to one another.
- the respective ends 133 can be closed or opened, so that second fluid can spread between two opposite radial tubes 130.
- FIG. 5 schematically shows another embodiment of a system 100 for mixing two fluids in a perspective view.
- the embodiment is similar to that of Figure 3 , so that full reference is made to the above explanations in connection with Figure 3 is referred.
- a flow body 540 is arranged in the central tube section 140.
- the flow body 540 includes a hemispherical geometry in the front upstream part and a conical geometry in the rear downstream part.
- flow bodies 540 can also have a teardrop shape. It is also possible to create a flow body 540 by rotating the upper part of a cross section of an airfoil profile about the corresponding chord. The use of such a flow body 540 arranged axially inside the main pipe improves mixing and homogenizes the flow of the mixture through the main pipe 110.
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Abstract
Die Erfindung betrifft ein System (100) zur Mischung zweier Fluide aufweisend ein Hauptrohr (110) für den Transport eines ersten Fluids in eine stromabwärtige Richtung des Hauptrohrs und eine Verteilereinrichtung (120) zur Zufuhr und Verteilung eines zweiten Fluids in dem Inneren des Hauptrohres, wobei die Verteilereinrichtung aufweist eine Vielzahl von sich in radialer Richtung des Hauptrohrs erstreckender Radialrohre (130), deren eine Enden (132) entlang eines Umfangs des Hauptrohres angeordnet sind und die sich in das Innere des Hauptrohres erstrecken, wobei jedes Radialrohr in seinem Rohrmantel Öffnungen (134,136,138) aufweist, die für die Zufuhr des zweiten Fluids in das Innere des Hauptrohres ausgebildet sind.The invention relates to a system (100) for mixing two fluids, comprising a main pipe (110) for transporting a first fluid in a downstream direction of the main pipe and a distributor device (120) for supplying and distributing a second fluid into the interior of the main pipe, wherein the distributor device has a plurality of radial tubes (130) extending in the radial direction of the main tube, one end (132) of which is arranged along a circumference of the main tube and which extend into the interior of the main tube, each radial tube having openings (134,136,138) in its tube jacket ), which are designed for the supply of the second fluid into the interior of the main pipe.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein System zur Mischung zweier Fluide, insbesondere zur Mischung zweier unterschiedlicher Gase, beispielsweise die Einmischung von Sauerstoff in einen Kohlenwasserstoffstrom, sowie eine Verwendung dieses Systems insbesondere für Verfahren der oxidativen Dehydrierung.The invention relates to a system for mixing two fluids, in particular for mixing two different gases, for example the mixing of oxygen into a hydrocarbon stream, and to a use of this system in particular for oxidative dehydrogenation processes.
Die Mischung zweier Gase innerhalb von Rohrleitungen wird üblicherweise durch einen Gasverteiler und optional anschließend mittels statischer Mischelemente realisiert. Der Gasverteiler ist dabei typischerweise als T-Stück, als eingestecktes, perforiertes Rohr oder als Lanze ausgeführt. Eine hohe Mischgüte wird dabei in der Regel allerdings erst weiter stromabwärts durch die zusätzliche Verwendung von statischen Mischelementen erreicht. Bei dem von der Anmelderin als OXYMIX vertriebenen Gasinjektor wird dieser in das Innere eines von einem ersten Gas durchflossenen Hauptrohres eingebracht und durch diesen ein zweites Gas in das Innere des Hauptrohres eingedüst, wobei das zweite Gas insbesondere entgegen der Strömungsrichtung des ersten Gases über einen Injektorkopf eingedüst wird, der kreisförmig angeordnete Öffnungen für den Austritt des Gases aufweist. Statische Mischelemente sind beispielsweise spiralförmig geformte Elemente zur Ablenkung eines Gasstroms, wobei die statischen Mischelemente auch andere Formen wie Quadrate, Gitter etc. umfassen können.The mixing of two gases within pipelines is usually achieved using a gas distributor and optionally subsequently using static mixing elements. The gas distributor is typically designed as a T-piece, as an inserted, perforated pipe or as a lance. However, a high mixing quality is usually only achieved further downstream through the additional use of static mixing elements. In the gas injector sold by the applicant as OXYMIX, this is introduced into the interior of a main pipe through which a first gas flows and through this a second gas is injected into the interior of the main pipe, the second gas being injected in particular counter to the flow direction of the first gas via an injector head which has circularly arranged openings for the gas to exit. Static mixing elements are, for example, spiral-shaped elements for deflecting a gas flow, whereby the static mixing elements can also include other shapes such as squares, grids, etc.
Die oxidative Dehydrierung (ODH) von Paraffinen mit zwei bis vier Kohlenstoffatomen ist an sich bekannt. Bei der ODH werden diese Paraffine mit Sauerstoff umgesetzt, wobei unter anderem die entsprechenden Olefine und Wasser entstehen. Die ODH bezieht sich vorliegend insbesondere auf die oxidative Dehydrierung von Ethan zu Ethylen, im Folgenden auch ODHE genannt. ODH kann gegenüber etablierteren Verfahren zur Herstellung von Olefinen wie Steamcracking oder katalytischer Dehydrierung vorteilhaft sein. So gibt es beispielsweise keine thermodynamische Gleichgewichtsbeschränkung aufgrund des exothermen Charakters der beteiligten Reaktionen und aufgrund der praktisch irreversiblen Bildung von Wasser. Die ODH kann bei vergleichsweise niedrigen Reaktionstemperaturen durchgeführt werden. Eine Regeneration der eingesetzten Katalysatoren ist im Prinzip nicht erforderlich, da die Anwesenheit von Sauerstoff die Regeneration in situ ermöglicht oder bewirkt. Schließlich fallen im Gegensatz zum Steamcracken geringere Mengen an wertlosen Nebenprodukten wie Koks an.The oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of paraffins with two to four carbon atoms is known per se. In ODH, these paraffins are reacted with oxygen, producing, among other things, the corresponding olefins and water. In the present case, ODH refers in particular to the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane to ethylene, hereinafter also referred to as ODHE. ODH may be advantageous over more established processes for producing olefins such as steam cracking or catalytic dehydrogenation. For example, there is no thermodynamic equilibrium constraint due to the exothermic nature of the reactions involved and due to the virtually irreversible formation of water. The ODH can be carried out at comparatively low reaction temperatures. In principle, regeneration of the catalysts used is not necessary since the presence of oxygen enables or effects regeneration in situ. Finally, in contrast to steam cracking, smaller amounts of worthless by-products such as coke are produced.
Für weitere Einzelheiten zur ODH wird auf die einschlägige Literatur verwiesen, zum Beispiel
Bei der ODH können Katalysatoren auf MoVNbOx- und MoVNbTeOx-Basis verwendet werden. Unter industriell relevanten Reaktionsbedingungen entstehen dabei erhebliche Mengen der jeweiligen Carbonsäuren der eingesetzten Paraffine als Nebenprodukte, insbesondere Essigsäure im Falle von ODHE. Verfahren, die eine gezielte Bildung von Ethylen und Essigsäure beinhalten, werden auch als "EDHOX" bezeichnet. Solche Verfahren gelten als überlegene Option für Ethylenhersteller und als vorteilhafte Wahl für Prozesse, die sowohl Ethylen als auch Essigsäure erfordern, wie z. B. VAM (Vinylacetat-Monomer), EVA (Ethylen-Vinylacetat)-Copolymer, PVOH (Polyvinylalkohol)-Produkte, PET (Polyethylenterephthalat), Ethylacetat und ähnliche Derivate.Catalysts based on MoVNbOx and MoVNbTeOx can be used in ODH. Under industrially relevant reaction conditions, significant amounts of the respective carboxylic acids of the paraffins used are formed as by-products, especially acetic acid in the case of ODHE. Processes that involve the targeted formation of ethylene and acetic acid are also referred to as “EDHOX”. Such processes are considered a superior option for ethylene producers and an advantageous choice for processes that require both ethylene and acetic acid, such as: B. VAM (vinyl acetate monomer), EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) copolymer, PVOH (polyvinyl alcohol) products, PET (polyethylene terephthalate), ethyl acetate and similar derivatives.
Die typische EDHOX-Anlage besteht aus einem Reaktionsteil, einer Trenn- /Reinigungsstufe und einem geschlossenen Kreislauf für das Ethan-Recycling. EDHOX versorgt nachgeschaltete Prozesse direkt mit Ethylen und Essigsäure. Die kombinierte Ethylen- und Essigsäureausbeute ist bemerkenswert hoch, mit einer Gesamtselektivität von über 93 %. Bei diesem ODH-Verfahren wird auch ein erheblicher Teil des erzeugten Kohlendioxids als reines Nebenprodukt zurückgewonnen (für die Kohlenstoffabscheidung, -nutzung und -speicherung, CCUS).The typical EDHOX system consists of a reaction section, a separation/purification stage and a closed circuit for ethane recycling. EDHOX supplies downstream processes directly with ethylene and acetic acid. The combined ethylene and acetic acid yield is remarkably high, with an overall selectivity of over 93%. This ODH process also recovers a significant portion of the carbon dioxide produced as a pure byproduct (for carbon capture, utilization and storage, CCUS).
Nach dem Stand der Technik wird die Reaktion bei ODH vorzugsweise in Festbettreaktoren, insbesondere in gekühlten Rohrbündelreaktoren, z. B. mit Salzschmelzenkühlung, durchgeführt.According to the prior art, the reaction in ODH is preferably carried out in fixed bed reactors, in particular in cooled tube bundle reactors, e.g. B. carried out with salt molten cooling.
Es besteht allgemein das Bestreben, das Volumen des Mischers bzw. die Mischstrecke (Verteiler inklusive optionaler statischer Mischelemente) zu reduzieren, insbesondere beispielsweise bei der Einmischung von Sauerstoff für Oxidationsprozesse in Raffinerien oder der chemischen Produktion. Ein weiteres Bestreben ist es, den Druckverlust über Verteiler und optionalen Mischelementen möglichst gering zu halten. Hierbei sind Bereiche hoher Sauerstoffkonzentration wegen sich daraus ergebender möglicher Hochtemperaturspots und der resultierenden unkontrollierten Reaktionen bzw. Explosionsgefahr möglichst zu vermeiden. Gleiches gilt für die Einmischung von Sauerstoff in einen Kohlenwasserstoffstrom. Zudem sollten durch den Verteiler keine Rezirkulationsgebiete oder Tot-Zonen erzeugt werden, welche mit erhöhten lokalen Verweilzeiten einhergehen, was wiederum sicherheitstechnisch bedenklich sein kann. Insbesondere soll der Verteiler auch für die oxidative Dehydrierung (ODH), insbesondere von Ethan zu Ethylen, auch ODHE genannt, geeignet sein.There is a general desire to reduce the volume of the mixer or the mixing section (distributor including optional static mixing elements), especially when mixing in oxygen for oxidation processes in refineries or chemical production. Another aim is to keep the pressure loss across the distributor and optional mixing elements as low as possible. Areas with high oxygen concentrations should be avoided as much as possible because of the resulting possible high-temperature spots and the resulting uncontrolled reactions and the risk of explosion. The same applies to mixing oxygen into a hydrocarbon stream. In addition, the distributor should not create any recirculation areas or dead zones, which are associated with increased local residence times, which in turn can be questionable from a safety perspective. In particular, the distributor should also be suitable for oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH), especially of ethane to ethylene, also called ODHE.
Die vorliegende Erfindung schlägt ein System zur Mischung zweier Fluide sowie eine Verwendung eines solchen Systems gemäß den unabhängigen Ansprüchen vor. Unter "Fluid" soll im Rahmen dieser Anmeldung eine Flüssigkeit oder ein Gas, aber auch ein Flüssigkeits-Gas-Gemisch verstanden werden. Jedes der genannten Fluide kann mit einem anderen der genannten Fluide gemischt werden, beispielsweise ein Gas in einer Flüssigkeit, ein Gas in einem Gas oder ein Gas in einem Flüssigkeits-Gas-Gemisch etc. Die beiden Fluide können unterschiedlich oder aber auch gleich sein. Ohne Einschränkung der Allgemeinheit soll im Folgenden das Beispiel einer Mischung eines Gases in einen Hauptgasstrom eines anderen Gases betrachtet werden.The present invention proposes a system for mixing two fluids and a use of such a system according to the independent claims. In the context of this application, “fluid” is to be understood as meaning a liquid or a gas, but also a liquid-gas mixture. Each of the fluids mentioned can be mixed with another of the fluids mentioned, for example a gas in a liquid, a gas in a gas or a gas in a liquid-gas mixture, etc. The two fluids can be different or the same. Without limiting the generality, the example of a mixture of a gas in a main gas stream of another gas will be considered below.
Das erfindungsgemäße System zur Mischung zweier Fluide weist ein Hauptrohr für den Transport eines ersten Fluids in eine stromabwärtige Richtung des Hauptrohres auf. Unter "stromabwärtige Richtung" ist eine Strömung im Wesentlichen parallel zur Longitudinalachse des Hauptrohres, insbesondere vor dem Verteiler und optionalen statischen Mischelementen zu verstehen, nach dem Verteiler können turbulente Strömungsgebiete entstehen, wobei das entstehende Gemisch insgesamt weiter stromabwärts fließt. Das erfindungsgemäße System weist weiterhin eine Verteilereinrichtung zur Zufuhr und Verteilung eines zweiten Fluids im Inneren des Hauptrohres auf, wobei diese Verteilereinrichtung eine Vielzahl von sich in radialer Richtung des Hauptrohres erstreckender Radialrohre aufweist, deren eine Enden entlang eines Umfangs des Hauptrohres angeordnet sind und die sich in das Innere des Hauptrohres erstrecken. Hierbei weist jedes Radialrohr Öffnungen in seinem Rohrmantel auf, die für die Zufuhr des zweiten Fluids in das Innere des Hauptrohres ausgebildet sind. "Entlang eines Umfangs des Hauptrohres angeordnet" bedeutet hierbei, dass die Radialrohre an bestimmten Stellen des Hauptrohres in Umfangsrichtung des Hauptrohres angeordnet sind. Dabei ragen diese in das Innere des Hauptrohres. Ein Radialrohr kann sich dabei über den gesamten Querschnitt des Hauptrohres erstrecken. Es ist auch möglich, dass sich ein Radialrohr bis zur Längsachse des Hauptrohres erstreckt, sodass sich zwei oder mehr Radialrohre auf der Längsachse des Hauptrohres treffen. Schließlich ist es auch möglich, dass ein Radialrohr sich nur bis zu einem vorbestimmten Abstand zur Längsachse des Hauptrohres erstreckt. Auf diese Möglichkeiten wird weiter unten eingegangen werden.The system according to the invention for mixing two fluids has a main pipe for transporting a first fluid in a downstream direction of the main pipe. “Downstream direction” is to be understood as meaning a flow essentially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the main pipe, in particular in front of the distributor and optional static mixing elements. After the distributor, turbulent flow areas can arise, with the resulting mixture continuing overall flows downstream. The system according to the invention further has a distribution device for supplying and distributing a second fluid inside the main tube, this distribution device having a plurality of radial tubes extending in the radial direction of the main tube, one end of which is arranged along a circumference of the main tube and which is located in extend the interior of the main pipe. Here, each radial tube has openings in its tube jacket, which are designed for the supply of the second fluid into the interior of the main tube. “Arranged along a circumference of the main tube” means here that the radial tubes are arranged at certain points on the main tube in the circumferential direction of the main tube. These protrude into the interior of the main pipe. A radial tube can extend over the entire cross section of the main tube. It is also possible for a radial tube to extend up to the longitudinal axis of the main tube, so that two or more radial tubes meet on the longitudinal axis of the main tube. Finally, it is also possible for a radial tube to only extend up to a predetermined distance from the longitudinal axis of the main tube. These possibilities will be discussed below.
Durch die Erfindung kann eine optimale Einmischung des zweiten Fluids in den Hauptstrom des ersten Fluids erzielt werden. Eine sehr hohe Mischgüte wird hierdurch bereits nach der Verteilereinrichtung bzw. dem Verteiler erreicht. Dadurch kann die Gesamtlänge des Mischers (inklusive optionaler statischer Mischelemente) und damit das Volumen des Mischers deutlich reduziert werden. Bei der oben angesprochenen Einmischung von Sauerstoff oder sauerstoffhaltigem Gas als zweites Fluid in einen Hauptstrom von einem Kohlenwasserstoff als erstes Fluid ist eine Volumenverminderung des Mischers sicherheitstechnisch vorteilhaft, insbesondere wenn eine Mischung im Explosionsbereich durchzuführen ist. Der erfindungsgemäße Mischer bzw. das erfindungsgemäße Mischsystem erzeugt zudem keine Rezirkulationsgebiete oder Tot-Zonen, welche mit erhöhten lokalen Verweilzeiten einhergehen, die insbesondere bei der angesprochenen Mischung von Sauerstoff und Kohlenwasserstoff ebenfalls zu vermeiden sind.Through the invention, an optimal mixing of the second fluid into the main flow of the first fluid can be achieved. A very high mixing quality is achieved after the distribution device or the distributor. This allows the total length of the mixer (including optional static mixing elements) and thus the volume of the mixer to be significantly reduced. When mixing oxygen or oxygen-containing gas as the second fluid into a main stream of a hydrocarbon as the first fluid, as mentioned above, a reduction in the volume of the mixer is advantageous in terms of safety, especially if mixing is to be carried out in the explosion area. The mixer according to the invention or the mixing system according to the invention also does not produce any recirculation areas or dead zones, which are associated with increased local residence times, which should also be avoided, particularly in the mixture of oxygen and hydrocarbon mentioned.
In einer oben bereits skizzierten Ausführungsform erstrecken sich die Radialrohre mit ihren anderen Enden, also mit ihren in das Innere des Hauptrohres hineinragenden Enden, bis zu einem vordefinierten Abstand zur Längsachse des Hauptrohres. Besagtes Ende eines jeden Radialrohres kann vollständig verschlossen sein, sodass das zweite Fluid über die genannten Öffnungen im Rohrmantel eines Radialrohres zugeführt wird, oder das Ende des Radialrohres kann bis auf mindestens eine Öffnung verschlossen sein, sodass zusätzlich das zweite Fluid durch diese mindestens eine Öffnung am Ende eines Radialrohres zugeführt wird.In an embodiment already outlined above, the radial tubes extend with their other ends, i.e. with their ends protruding into the interior of the main tube, up to a predefined distance from the longitudinal axis of the main tube. Said end of each radial tube can be completely closed so that the second fluid is supplied via the mentioned openings in the tube jacket of a radial tube, or the end of the radial tube can be closed except for at least one opening, so that the second fluid is additionally supplied through this at least one opening at the end of a radial tube.
In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung sind die jeweiligen anderen Enden, also die in das Innere des Hauptrohres ragenden Enden der Radialrohre mit einem axial im Inneren des Hauptrohres angeordneten Zentralrohrabschnitt verbunden. Dies kann die Stabilität der Radialrohre verbessern und sich zudem günstig auf die Strömungseigenschaften auswirken. Hierbei kann insbesondere die Verbindung zwischen besagtem anderem Ende des Radialrohres und dem Zentralrohrabschnitt mindestens eine Öffnung aufweisen, die für die Zufuhr des zweiten Fluids in das Innere des Hauptrohres ausgebildet ist.In a further embodiment, the respective other ends, i.e. the ends of the radial tubes projecting into the interior of the main tube, are connected to a central tube section arranged axially inside the main tube. This can improve the stability of the radial tubes and also have a positive effect on the flow properties. In particular, the connection between said other end of the radial tube and the central tube section can have at least one opening which is designed for the supply of the second fluid into the interior of the main tube.
In einer Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Systems zur Mischung zweier Fluide weisen die Öffnungen im Rohrmantel eines Radialrohres entweder den gleichen Öffnungsdurchmesser oder zwei, drei oder mehr verschiedene Öffnungsdurchmesser auf. Auf diese Weise ist es möglich, verschiedene Bereiche im Inneren des Hauptrohres durch die verschiedenen Öffnungsdurchmesser mit zweitem Fluid zu versorgen. Auf diese Weise kann der gesamte Querschnittsbereich des Hauptrohres möglichst gleichmäßig mit dem zweiten Fluid beaufschlagt werden.In one embodiment of the system according to the invention for mixing two fluids, the openings in the tube jacket of a radial tube either have the same opening diameter or two, three or more different opening diameters. In this way it is possible to supply different areas inside the main pipe with second fluid through the different opening diameters. In this way, the entire cross-sectional area of the main pipe can be supplied with the second fluid as evenly as possible.
Bei dieser Ausführungsform ist es zweckmäßig, wenn entlang einer ersten Anordnungsrichtung eine Öffnung mit einem ersten Öffnungsdurchmesser von zwei Öffnungen mit einem zweiten Öffnungsdurchmesser umgeben ist, allgemeiner gesprochen können sich entlang einer ersten Anordnungsrichtung Öffnungen mit einem ersten Öffnungsdurchmesser und Öffnungen mit einem zweiten Öffnungsdurchmesser abwechseln. Insbesondere kann genau eine möglichst mittig im Radialrohr entlang der ersten Anordnungsrichtung gelegene Öffnung mit einem ersten, insbesondere größeren Öffnungsdurchmesser von zwei Öffnungen mit einem zweiten, insbesondere geringeren Öffnungsdurchmesser in gleichen Abständen umgeben sein, sodass ein Zentralbereich innerhalb des Querschnittsbereichs möglichst gleichmäßig mit zweitem Fluid beaufschlagt werden kann. Hierbei ist es weiterhin vorteilhaft, wenn entlang einer zweiten Anordnungsrichtung am Radialrohrumfang, die insbesondere parallel zur ersten Anordnungsrichtung verläuft, Öffnungen mit einem dritten Öffnungsdurchmesser angeordnet sind. Dadurch lassen sich insbesondere Randbereiche des oben genannten Zentralbereichs mit zweitem Fluid versorgen. Insbesondere sind dazu die Öffnungen mit dem dritten Öffnungsdurchmesser in größerer Dichte entlang der zweiten Anordnungsrichtung angebracht im Vergleich zu den Öffnungen mit dem ersten bzw. zweiten Öffnungsdurchmesser. Bei den oben angestellten Betrachtungen ist es zweckmäßig, wenn der erste Öffnungsdurchmesser größer als der zweite Öffnungsdurchmesser ist und der zweite Öffnungsdurchmesser größer als der dritte Öffnungsdurchmesser ist. Je nach Anordnung der Radialrohre und Anordnung der ersten und zweiten Anordnungsrichtung der Öffnungen können andere Anordnungen gewählt werden, um eine möglichst gleichmäßige Verteilung über den Querschnitt mit diesem zweiten Fluid zu erreichen.In this embodiment, it is expedient if an opening with a first opening diameter is surrounded by two openings with a second opening diameter along a first arrangement direction. More generally speaking, openings with a first opening diameter and openings with a second opening diameter can alternate along a first arrangement direction. In particular, exactly one opening located as centrally as possible in the radial tube along the first arrangement direction with a first, in particular larger opening diameter, can be surrounded by two openings with a second, in particular smaller opening diameter at equal distances, so that a central area within the cross-sectional area is supplied with second fluid as evenly as possible can. It is furthermore advantageous if there are openings with a third along a second arrangement direction on the radial tube circumference, which runs in particular parallel to the first arrangement direction Opening diameters are arranged. This makes it possible, in particular, to supply edge regions of the above-mentioned central region with second fluid. In particular, the openings with the third opening diameter are arranged in greater density along the second arrangement direction compared to the openings with the first or second opening diameter. In the considerations made above, it is expedient if the first opening diameter is larger than the second opening diameter and the second opening diameter is larger than the third opening diameter. Depending on the arrangement of the radial tubes and the arrangement of the first and second arrangement directions of the openings, other arrangements can be selected in order to achieve the most uniform possible distribution over the cross section with this second fluid.
In einer Ausführungsform sind die Öffnungen im Rohrmantel eines Radialrohres derart angeordnet, dass das zweite Fluid in die stromabwärtige Richtung des Hauptrohres und/oder in einem Winkel von höchstens 45° zur stromabwärtigen Richtung, wobei die stromabwärtige Richtung parallel zur Longitudinalachse des Hauptrohrs verläuft, in das Innere des Hauptrohres einströmt. Alternativ oder zusätzlich ist es möglich, die Öffnungen im Rohrmantel eines Radialrohres derart anzuordnen, dass das zweite Fluid in eine stromaufwärtige Richtung des Hauptrohres und/oder in einem Winkel von höchstens 45° zur stromaufwärtigen Richtung, wobei die stromaufwärtige Richtung parallel zur Longitudinalachse des Hauptrohrs verläuft, in das Innere des Hauptrohres einströmt. Bei letztgenannter Alternative strömt das zweite Fluid gleichsam dem ersten Fluid beim Austritt aus dem Radialrohr entgegen. Dies kann sich positiv auf eine gute Durchmischung auswirken. In einer weiteren Option, die wiederum alternativ oder zusätzlich Anwendung finden kann, sind die Öffnungen im Rohrmantel eines Radialrohres derart angeordnet, dass das zweite Fluid in eine Richtung senkrecht zur stromabwärtigen Richtung des Hauptrohres und/oder in einem Winkel von höchstens 45° zur Richtung senkrecht zur stromabwärtigen Richtung, wobei die stromabwärtige Richtung parallel zur Longitudinalachse des Hauptrohrs verläuft, in das Innere des Hauptrohres einströmt. Bei dieser Option tritt das zweite Fluid in einem im Wesentlichen rechten Winkel zur Strömungsrichtung des ersten Fluids aus. Auch hierdurch kann eine gute Durchmischung erzielt werden. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass insbesondere eine Kombination aller drei, insbesondere aber auch der erst- und letztgenannten Optionen, ein gutes Mischungsergebnis liefern kann.In one embodiment, the openings in the tube jacket of a radial tube are arranged such that the second fluid flows into the downstream direction of the main tube and/or at an angle of at most 45° to the downstream direction, the downstream direction being parallel to the longitudinal axis of the main tube Inside the main pipe flows in. Alternatively or additionally, it is possible to arrange the openings in the tube jacket of a radial tube in such a way that the second fluid flows in an upstream direction of the main tube and/or at an angle of at most 45° to the upstream direction, the upstream direction running parallel to the longitudinal axis of the main tube , flows into the interior of the main pipe. In the latter alternative, the second fluid flows counter to the first fluid as it exits the radial tube. This can have a positive effect on good mixing. In a further option, which can again be used alternatively or additionally, the openings in the tube jacket of a radial tube are arranged such that the second fluid flows in a direction perpendicular to the downstream direction of the main tube and/or at an angle of at most 45° to the direction perpendicular to the downstream direction, the downstream direction being parallel to the longitudinal axis of the main pipe, flows into the interior of the main pipe. In this option, the second fluid exits at a substantially right angle to the flow direction of the first fluid. This can also achieve good mixing. It has been shown that a combination of all three, but especially also the first and last-mentioned options, can deliver a good mixing result.
In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung des Mischsystems umfasst die Verteilereinrichtung einen Ringraum, der den Umfang des Hauptrohres zumindest zum Teil umgibt, entlang dessen die Radialrohre angebracht sind, wobei deren einen Enden mit dem Ringraum verbunden sind, um in den Ringraum eingeführtes zweites Fluid in die Radialrohre zu transportieren. Hierbei weist der Ringraum insbesondere einen Einspeisestutzen zur Zufuhr des zweiten Fluids auf. Auf diese Weise in den Ringraum eingebrachtes zweites Fluid verteilt sich folglich innerhalb des Ringraums, der in Umfangsrichtung und zumindest einem Teil des Umfangs des Hauptrohres angeordnet ist. Von diesem Ringraum aus kann das zweite Fluid in die Radialrohre einströmen. Hierbei sind die einen Enden der Radialrohre offen und an ihrem Umfang mit dem Mantel des Hauptrohres verbunden. Das in ein Radialrohr eingeströmte zweite Fluid gelangt dann durch die Öffnungen im Rohrmantel des Radialrohres in das Innere des Hauptrohres. Dies erlaubt eine konstruktiv einfache Versorgung des erfindungsgemäßen Mischsystems mit zweitem Fluid.In a further embodiment of the mixing system, the distributor device comprises an annular space which at least partially surrounds the circumference of the main tube, along which the radial tubes are attached, one end of which is connected to the annular space in order to supply second fluid introduced into the annular space into the radial tubes transport. Here, the annular space in particular has a feed connection for supplying the second fluid. Second fluid introduced into the annular space in this way is consequently distributed within the annular space, which is arranged in the circumferential direction and at least part of the circumference of the main pipe. From this annular space, the second fluid can flow into the radial tubes. One end of the radial tubes is open and its circumference is connected to the casing of the main tube. The second fluid that flows into a radial pipe then passes through the openings in the pipe jacket of the radial pipe into the interior of the main pipe. This allows a structurally simple supply of the mixing system according to the invention with second fluid.
Zur weiteren Erhöhung einer effektiven Durchmischung kann das Hauptrohr im Bereich des ihn umgebenden Ringraums Öffnungen in seinem Rohrmantel aufweisen, die die Zufuhr des zweiten Fluids aus dem Ringraum in das Innere des Hauptrohres erlauben. Auf diese Weise kann zweites Fluid unmittelbar an der Innenseite des Hauptrohres in das Innere des Hauptrohres einströmen.To further increase effective mixing, the main pipe can have openings in its pipe jacket in the area of the annular space surrounding it, which allow the second fluid to be fed from the annular space into the interior of the main pipe. In this way, second fluid can flow into the interior of the main pipe directly on the inside of the main pipe.
Analog zur oben behandelten Ausgestaltung der Öffnungsdurchmesser der Öffnungen im Rohrmantel eines Radialrohres können die Öffnungen in dem Rohrmantel des Hauptrohres in einer Weise angeordnet sein, dass entlang einer dritten Anordnungsrichtung eine Öffnung mit einem vierten Öffnungsdurchmesser mit zwei Öffnungen mit einem fünften Öffnungsdurchmesser umgeben ist, wobei insbesondere entlang einer vierten Anordnungsrichtung, die insbesondere parallel zur dritten Anordnungsrichtung verläuft, Öffnungen mit einem sechsten Öffnungsdurchmesser angeordnet sind. Die hieraus resultierenden Effekte wurden bereits oben in dem genannten anderen Zusammenhang erläutert und sind hier ebenfalls gültig. Hierbei ist es insbesondere sinnvoll, wenn der vierte Öffnungsdurchmesser größer ist als der fünfte Öffnungsdurchmesser und der fünfte Öffnungsdurchmesser größer ist als der sechste Öffnungsdurchmesser, wobei wiederum insbesondere die Öffnungen mit dem sechsten Öffnungsdurchmesser in einer dichteren Reihenfolge angeordnet sind als die Öffnungen entlang der dritten Anordnungsrichtung, also die Öffnungen mit dem vierten bzw. fünften Öffnungsdurchmesser. Weiter insbesondere ist der vierte Öffnungsdurchmesser gleich dem ersten Öffnungsdurchmesser, der fünfte Öffnungsdurchmesser gleich dem zweiten Öffnungsdurchmesser und der sechste Öffnungsdurchmesser gleich dem dritten Öffnungsdurchmesser. Auf diese Weise können die Öffnungen in dem Rohrmantel des Hauptrohres und die Öffnungen in den Rohrmänteln der Radialrohre symmetrisch zueinander angeordnet werden, wie in den Ausführungsbeispielen weiter unten näher erläutert werden wird.Analogous to the configuration of the opening diameters of the openings in the tube jacket of a radial tube discussed above, the openings in the tube jacket of the main tube can be arranged in such a way that an opening with a fourth opening diameter is surrounded by two openings with a fifth opening diameter along a third arrangement direction, in particular Openings with a sixth opening diameter are arranged along a fourth arrangement direction, which runs in particular parallel to the third arrangement direction. The resulting effects have already been explained above in the other context mentioned and are also valid here. It is particularly useful here if the fourth opening diameter is larger than the fifth opening diameter and the fifth opening diameter is larger than the sixth opening diameter, with the openings with the sixth opening diameter in particular being arranged in a closer order than the openings along the third arrangement direction, so the openings with the fourth or fifth opening diameter. Further in particular, the fourth opening diameter is equal to the first opening diameter, the fifth opening diameter is equal to the second opening diameter and the sixth opening diameter is equal to the third opening diameter. In this way, the openings in the tube jacket of the main tube and the openings in the tube jackets of the radial tubes can be arranged symmetrically to one another, as will be explained in more detail in the exemplary embodiments below.
Wie bereits mehrfach erwähnt, eignet sich das vorliegende Mischsystem gemäß Erfindung insbesondere, jedoch nicht ausschließlich, zur Mischung von Sauerstoff oder einem sauerstoffhaltigen Gas als zweites Fluid in einem Kohlenwasserstoff oder einem Kohlenwasserstoff umfassenden Gas als erstes Fluid. Beispiel hierfür ist die oxidative Dehydrierung von Ethan zu Ethylen (ODHE). Der zweite Aspekt der Erfindung betrifft die Verwendung des oben erläuterten Systems zur Einspeisung von Sauerstoff oder einem Sauerstoff enthaltenden Gas als zweites Fluid in Kohlenwasserstoff oder ein Kohlenwasserstoff wie Ethan enthaltendes Gas als erstes Fluid, insbesondere in einem ODHE-Prozess, bei einem Betriebsdruck von 2 bis 20 bar oder insbesondere 2 bis 10 bar oder weiter insbesondere 3 bis 6 bar, wobei das zweite Fluid bei 10 bis 40 Grad Celsius oder insbesondere bei 20 bis 30 Grad Celsius oder weiter insbesondere bei etwa 25 Grad Celsius den Radialrohren zugeführt wird. Dabei beträgt in einer Ausführungsform im Hauptrohr das Flussverhältnis vom zweiten Fluid (bspw. Sauerstoff oder sauerstoffhaltiges Gas) zu dem im Hauptrohr fließenden ersten Fluid (bspw. Ethan oder Ethan enthaltendes Fluid) 0,1 bis 0,8 kg/kg oder insbesondere 0.15 bis 0,5 kg/kg oder weiter insbesondere 0.3 bis 0.4 kg/kg, wobei die Temperatur des Gemisches insbesondere 150 bis 350 Grad Celsius oder insbesondere 200 bis 300 Grad Celsius oder weiter insbesondere 240 bis 260 Grad Celsius beträgt. Mit diesen Prozessparametern lässt sich das System besonders zweckmäßig für die eingangs genannten ODHE-, insbesondere EDHOX-Verfahren, verwenden.As already mentioned several times, the present mixing system according to the invention is particularly, but not exclusively, suitable for mixing oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas as the second fluid in a hydrocarbon or a gas comprising a hydrocarbon as the first fluid. An example of this is the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane to ethylene (ODHE). The second aspect of the invention relates to the use of the system explained above for feeding oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas as a second fluid into hydrocarbon or a hydrocarbon such as ethane-containing gas as a first fluid, in particular in an ODHE process, at an operating pressure of 2 to 20 bar or in particular 2 to 10 bar or more in particular 3 to 6 bar, the second fluid being fed to the radial tubes at 10 to 40 degrees Celsius or in particular at 20 to 30 degrees Celsius or further in particular at about 25 degrees Celsius. In one embodiment, the flow ratio in the main pipe of the second fluid (e.g. oxygen or oxygen-containing gas) to the first fluid (e.g. ethane or fluid containing ethane) flowing in the main pipe is 0.1 to 0.8 kg/kg or in particular 0.15 to 0.5 kg/kg or more particularly 0.3 to 0.4 kg/kg, the temperature of the mixture being in particular 150 to 350 degrees Celsius or in particular 200 to 300 degrees Celsius or more particularly 240 to 260 degrees Celsius. With these process parameters, the system can be used particularly effectively for the ODHE processes mentioned above, especially EDHOX processes.
Die Erfindung sowie weitere Einzelheiten der Erfindung werden im Folgenden anhand von in den Zeichnungen schematisch dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert. Hierbei zeigen:
-
Figur 1 schematisch eine perspektivische Ansicht einer Ausführungsform eines Systems zur Mischung zweier Fluide; -
Figur 2 schematisch einen Ausschnitt eines Querschnitts durch das Hauptrohr und Einmischbereiche des zweiten Fluids; -
Figur 3 schematisch die Ausführungsform derFigur 1 in anderer perspektivischer Ansicht; -
Figur 4 schematisch in perspektivischer Ansicht eine weitere Ausführungsform eines Systems zur Mischung zweier Fluide und -
Figur 5 in perspektivischer Ansicht schematisch eine weitere Ausführungsform eines Systems zur Mischung zweier Fluide.
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Figure 1 schematically a perspective view of an embodiment of a system for mixing two fluids; -
Figure 2 schematically a section of a cross section through the main pipe and mixing areas of the second fluid; -
Figure 3 schematically the embodiment of theFigure 1 in a different perspective view; -
Figure 4 schematically in a perspective view a further embodiment of a system for mixing two fluids and -
Figure 5 A perspective view schematically shows another embodiment of a system for mixing two fluids.
In diesem Ausführungsbeispiel wird als erstes Fluid ein Sauerstoffstrom eingesetzt, der in ein zweites Fluid, hier ein Kohlenwasserstoffstrom, eingemischt wird. Wie eingangs bereits mehrfach ausgeführt, können andere Gase und/oder Flüssigkeiten und/oder Flüssigkeit- Gas-Gemische als erste und zweite Fluide eingesetzt werden. Die Verwendung einer Vielzahl von sich in radialer Richtung des Hauptrohres 110 erstreckender Radialrohre 130 ermöglicht ein gutes Mischergebnis, insbesondere eine gleichmäßige Einmischung über den jeweilig offenen Querschnitt unter Vermeidung von Rezirkulationsgebieten oder Tot-Zonen, welche mit lokal erhöhten Verweilzeiten einhergehen, die sicherheitstechnisch bedenklich sein können.In this exemplary embodiment, an oxygen stream is used as the first fluid, which is mixed into a second fluid, here a hydrocarbon stream. As already stated several times at the beginning, other gases and/or liquids and/or liquid-gas mixtures can be used as first and second fluids. The Using a large number of
In diesem Ausführungsbeispiel erstrecken sich die Radialrohre 130 mit ihren anderen Enden 133, also mit ihren in das Innere des Hauptrohres 110 reichenden Enden 133 bis zu einem vordefinierten Abstand zur Längsachse 112 des Hauptrohres 110. Die Enden 133 können prinzipiell verschlossen sein. Optional befindet sich mindestens eine Öffnung 142 in einem verschlossenen Ende 133 eines Radialrohres 130.In this exemplary embodiment, the
Aus Stabilitätsgründen, aber auch aus strömungsdynamischen Gesichtspunkten kann es vorteilhaft sein, die Enden 133 der Radialrohre 130 über einen Zentralrohrabschnitt 140 zu verbinden, der axial im Inneren des Hauptrohres 110 angeordnet ist. Die genannten Öffnungen 142 befinden sich dann in diesem Zentralrohr 140 an den entsprechenden Stellen.For reasons of stability, but also from a fluid dynamic point of view, it can be advantageous to connect the
Das zweite Fluid (beispielsweise der Sauerstoffstrom) kann durch geeignete Einspeiseeinrichtungen jeweils den Radialrohren 130 zugefügt werden. In dem in
Es hat sich gezeigt, dass ein besonders gutes Mischergebnis erzielt werden kann, wenn die Öffnungen im Rohrmantel eines Radialrohres 130 mit unterschiedlichen, strömungsoptimierten Lochdurchmessern ausgestattet sind, um über einen jeweilig offenen Querschnitt im Inneren des Hauptrohres 110 eine möglichst gleichmäßige Einmischung zu erzielen. In diesem Ausführungsbeispiel weisen die Öffnungen 134, 136, 138 im Rohrmantel eines Radialrohres 130 drei verschiedene Öffnungsdurchmesser auf. Sichtbar in
Die Öffnungen 134, 136, 138 im Rohrmantel eines Radialrohres 130 sind in dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß
In dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß
Die Öffnung 134 besitzt hierbei einen größeren Öffnungsdurchmesser als die Öffnungen 136. Die Öffnung 134 ist von zwei Öffnungen 136 umgeben. Seitlich daneben befinden sich jeweils zwei Reihen mit weiteren Öffnungen 138 wiederum mit einem anderen Öffnungsdurchmesser, der hier kleiner als der der Öffnungen 134 und 136 ist. Die kleineren Öffnungen sind entlang einer zweiten Anordnungsrichtung angeordnet, die im Wesentlichen parallel zur ersten Anordnungsrichtung verläuft. In diesem Ausführungsbeispiel befindet sich wiederum benachbart hierzu eine weitere Reihe Öffnungen mit dem dritten kleinsten Öffnungsdurchmesser. Die Öffnungen 138 mit dem dritten Öffnungsdurchmesser sind dichter angeordnet als die Öffnungen 134,136 entlang der ersten Anordnungsrichtung. Die Öffnungen 134, 136 transportieren zweites Fluid in einer Richtung, die im Wesentlichen senkrecht zur stromabwärtigen Richtung des Hauptrohres 110 steht. Die Öffnungen 138 transportieren zweites Fluid in einem kleinen Winkel hierzu aufgrund der Krümmung der Manteloberfläche des Radialrohres 130, wobei dieser Winkel höchstens 45° beträgt. Die darauffolgende Reihe Öffnungen mit kleinstem Durchmesser transportieren das Fluid in eine Richtung stromabwärts des Hauptrohres 110.The
In
Die strömungstechnische Wirkung dieser Anordnung der Öffnungen 114, 116, 118 sowie 134, 136, 138 ist in
In
In einem möglichen Ausführungsbeispiel kann die Ausführungsform gemäß
Der Öffnungsdurchmesser der Öffnungen 134 mit großem Öffnungsdurchmesser kann beispielsweise 20 bis 24 mm, insbesondere ca. 22 mm, betragen, der Öffnungsdurchmesser der mittelgroßen Öffnungen 136 kann beispielsweise 14 bis 18 mm, insbesondere 16 mm, betragen, der Öffnungsdurchmesser der kleinen Öffnungen 138 kann beispielsweise 4 bis 8 mm, insbesondere 6 mm betragen. Der Öffnungsdurchmesser der Öffnung 142 im Zentralrohrabschnitt 140 kann beispielsweise zwischen 6 und 10 mm, insbesondere 8 mm, betragen. Bei den genannten Betriebsdaten kann eine Mischgüte nach 1D (0,8 m) von 90,0% (CoV= 0,1) erreicht werden. Somit ist eine hohe Mischgüte innerhalb kürzester Distanz aufgrund der beschriebenen Verteilereinrichtung 120 erzielbar. Es kann über den gesamten Querschnitt eine gute Einmischung von Sauerstoff bei akzeptablen Mach-Zahlen in den Öffnungen (< 1/3) erreicht werden. Schließlich werden Rezirkulationsgebiete und Tot-Zonen vermieden.The opening diameter of the
Wie im Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß
Bezüglich aller übrigen Details und ihrer Funktionen sei auf die vorangegangenen Ausführungsbeispiele gemäß
Claims (17)
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US20050056313A1 (en) * | 2003-09-12 | 2005-03-17 | Hagen David L. | Method and apparatus for mixing fluids |
EP2680957A1 (en) * | 2011-03-01 | 2014-01-08 | Basf Se | Method and device for mixing two fluid flows |
DE102011078181A1 (en) * | 2011-06-28 | 2013-01-03 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Apparatus and method for introducing a reducing agent in an exhaust line |
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