EP4303889A1 - Conducteur pour lignes électriques aériennes, comprenant un élément de capteur à fibre optique - Google Patents
Conducteur pour lignes électriques aériennes, comprenant un élément de capteur à fibre optique Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP4303889A1 EP4303889A1 EP23183265.0A EP23183265A EP4303889A1 EP 4303889 A1 EP4303889 A1 EP 4303889A1 EP 23183265 A EP23183265 A EP 23183265A EP 4303889 A1 EP4303889 A1 EP 4303889A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- conductor
- sensor element
- tube
- filling material
- skirt
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 131
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001069 Raman spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000272496 Galliformes Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910001335 Galvanized steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001374 Invar Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241001272720 Medialuna californiensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008397 galvanized steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001932 seasonal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B5/00—Non-insulated conductors or conductive bodies characterised by their form
- H01B5/08—Several wires or the like stranded in the form of a rope
- H01B5/10—Several wires or the like stranded in the form of a rope stranded around a space, insulating material, or dissimilar conducting material
- H01B5/102—Several wires or the like stranded in the form of a rope stranded around a space, insulating material, or dissimilar conducting material stranded around a high tensile strength core
- H01B5/104—Several wires or the like stranded in the form of a rope stranded around a space, insulating material, or dissimilar conducting material stranded around a high tensile strength core composed of metallic wires, e.g. steel wires
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/32—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form with arrangements for indicating defects, e.g. breaks or leaks
Definitions
- the present invention concerns, in general, the field of conductors for overhead power lines, preferably conductors for bare overhead power lines. More specifically, the present invention relates to a conductor for overhead power lines which comprises a sensor element that, when coupled to a monitoring system, makes it possible to monitor the state of the power line continuously and in real time.
- conductors employed in overhead power lines are passive elements, their only function being to transport electric energy.
- punctual sensors are installed directly on the conductor. Such punctual sensors are adapted to provide information about the operating conditions of the conductor. Disadvantageously, it is impossible to obtain global information about the entire line, because the sensors can only provide results concerning a neighbourhood of their point of application.
- Such conductor comprises a sensor element comprising:
- Such optical fibre is arranged within said tube and buried in said filling material; said filling material fills the inner volume of said tube by at least 80% by volume.
- said filling material fills the inner volume of said tube leaving a gap between the outer lateral surface of said filling material and the inner lateral surface of said tube.
- the solid filling material has a hardness of less than 80 Shore A. Even more preferably, the solid filling material has a hardness greater than or equal to 0 Shore A.
- said filling material has a density greater than or equal to 0.8 g/cm 3 .
- said filling material has a density lower than or equal to 2 g/cm 3 .
- said filling material is a polymeric material.
- said conductor permits, through the sensor elements, real-time acquisition of the operating conditions of the conductor along the whole line.
- the use of a solid filling material as specified above allows the optical fibre to withstand all the stresses and deformations undergone by the conductor when in use. Such deformations can be read by means of an optical interrogator, which can even provide real-time indications.
- the at least one optical fibre is constrained to the surface of the tube, but can rotate freely within it, so as to undergo the same axial deformations as those undergone by the tube and, consequently, by the conductor.
- a filling material that:
- such sensor element allows for real-time temperature analysis; in fact, the conductor's temperature variations are read by the optical fibre almost instantaneously, whereas the same operation is slower when the optical fibre is arranged in a loose tube due to the absence of thermal contact between the fibres and the steel tube.
- the adhesion between the interfaces of the filling material and the tube is sufficient to transfer the stress from the conductor to the fibre, such adhesion being however not excessively strong, so as to allow the fibre to rotate and remain undamaged while stranding the conductor and/or installing the conductor in an overhead power line.
- said tube is made of stainless steel.
- said sensor element comprises a number of fibres ranging from 2 to 24.
- multiple interrogators can advantageously be connected to one sensor element, so that different technologies can be employed for monitoring a power line.
- the presence of two or more fibres provides optical-fibre redundancy, which is useful in the event of a breakdown or accidental failure of an optical fibre, e.g. during installation.
- said sensor element comprises an outer covering that envelops the outer lateral surface of said tube.
- said outer covering has a substantially circular or triangular or trapezoidal cross-section.
- said conductor further comprises a central core and a plurality of concentrical skirts disposed around said central core.
- Each skirt is formed by a plurality of mutually stranded conductor wires.
- Said sensor element has an outer covering having a cross-section substantially similar to the cross-section of a conductor wire, and is stranded with a respective plurality of conductor wires, thus forming a skirt of said plurality of skirts.
- the sensor element may have a covering that makes the shape/cross-section of the sensor element substantially similar to the shape/cross-section of the conductor wires.
- a shape permits increasing the conductor filling factor when using shaped wires (e.g. trapezoidal sections) instead of round wires.
- said sensor element is stranded with a respective plurality of conductor wires, thus forming the radially external skirt of said conductor.
- the present invention provides a power line.
- Said power line comprises a conductor in accordance with the present invention, connected to two substations of said power line; wherein one end of at least one optical fibre of said sensor element is connected to an optical interrogator.
- Said optical interrogator being configured for detecting operating conditions of said conductor.
- said optical interrogator is a Brillouin, or Rayleigh, or Raman, or polarization, or frequency-analysis optical interrogator.
- At least two optical fibres of said conductor are connected to respective interrogators of different types.
- said end of said conductor is engaged with a respective substation by means of a clamp.
- a tract of said sensor element is extracted from said conductor at said clamp and connected, from said clamp, to said interrogator.
- the at least one optical fibre, used as a sensing element can provide information about the operating conditions of the conductor.
- information may include:
- the use of a monitoring system coupled to the conductor in accordance with the present invention makes it possible to establish safety limits on the basis of real operating conditions, so that the potential of the conductor can be exploited at best while still ensuring line safety.
- the monitoring system coupled to the conductor in accordance with the present invention makes it possible to accurately determine the position of any faults, hot points or, in general, any points that require, or may require, service work, ensuring that the necessary intervention will be carried out immediately.
- the data concerning the operating conditions of the line will be available in real time, thus being immediately accessible.
- the measurements taken by means of the interrogator make it possible to identify with the utmost precision the location of any mechanical overloads (e.g. tree fallen on the line, ice sleeves, etc.) and to carry out timely service interventions; the interruption of the optical link (i.e. broken fibre) will permit locating with extreme precision the point where the conductor has broken, resulting in shorter downtime of the power line.
- said interrogator is positioned at an electric substation of said power line.
- obtaining the information collected by means of the interrogator directly at the substation will imply an immediate transfer of such information to the control centres, without any problems caused by unstable connections.
- the interrogator is an acoustic interrogator, in particular an acoustic interrogator suitable for providing DAS (Dynamic Acoustic Sensing) acoustic analyses.
- DAS Dynamic Acoustic Sensing
- the sensor element also permits, advantageously, the execution of acoustic analyses on the conductor.
- the sensing element provides, through the filling material, the optical fibre and the tube, a microphone with higher sensitivity than a loose-tube microphone; in fact, the transmission of sound waves between the optical fibre and the tube is much more immediate and less damped.
- the sensor element when used as a microphone, permits detecting any corona effect of the conductor or identifying any impacts of foreign bodies (e.g. birds) on the conductor.
- the present invention provides a conductor 200 for an overhead power line 400.
- said overhead power line 400 is a high-voltage overhead power line, preferably a bare one.
- a conductor 200 in accordance with the present invention comprises a core 201.
- the core 201 may be made up of a plurality of mutually stranded wires.
- the core 201 comprises a plurality of wires made of galvanized steel or ACS (Aluminium Clad Steel) or ACI (Aluminium Clad Invar).
- the core 201 preferably has a diameter in the range of 5 to 30 mm, e.g. 8 to 12 mm, in particular 10.5 mm.
- the conductor 200 preferably comprises a plurality of skirts 210, 200.
- the core 201 is coated with at least two skirts.
- the core 201 is coated with an internal first skirt 210 - i.e. a skirt in contact with the core 201 - and with an external second skirt 220 - i.e. a skirt having an outer radial surface not in contact with a further skirt.
- the conductor 200 comprises a central core 201 and a plurality of concentrical skirts 210, 220 disposed around the core 201.
- each skirt 210, 220 comprises a plurality of mutually stranded conductor wires.
- Each conductor wire is made of a metallic material, e.g. crude or annealed aluminium or other aluminium alloys.
- the first skirt 210 is made up of a plurality of conductor wires having a diameter of 2 to 6 mm; the second skirt 220 is made up of a plurality of conductor wires having a diameter of 2 to 6 mm.
- the conductor wires forming a respective skirt 210, 220 are all equal.
- each conductor wire forming a respective skirt 210, 220 has a substantially circular, trapezoidal, triangular or Z-shaped cross-section.
- the cross-section of each conductor wire is selected as a function of the desired filling factor.
- the overall diameter of the conductor 200 i.e. the diameter determined by the outermost skirt 220 of the conductor 200, ranges between 10 and 100 mm.
- the conductor 200 comprises a sensor element 100.
- the sensor element 100 is preferably inserted in the place of a conductor wire of a respective skirt of the conductor 200.
- the sensor element 100 preferably has an outer covering 104 which has a cross-section that is substantially similar to the cross-section of at least one conductor wire, and which is stranded with a respective plurality of conductor wires, thus forming a skirt 210, 220 of the conductor 200.
- the sensor element 100 is stranded with a respective plurality of conductor wires to form a radially internal skirt 210 of the conductor 200 (i.e. the sensor element 100 is stranded in a skirt interposed between two skirts of the conductor 200 or between the core 201 and a skirt of the conductor 200).
- the sensor element 100 is stranded in either the first skirt or the second skirt.
- the sensor element 100 is stranded with a respective plurality of conductor wires to form the radially external skirt 220 of the conductor 200 (i.e. the sensor element 100 is stranded with the radially outermost skirt of the conductor 200).
- the sensor element 100 is provided with a covering 104 having substantially the same cross-section as the conductor wires with which it is stranded to form a respective skirt.
- the sensor element 100 has a covering 104 having a substantially trapezoidal cross-section and, preferably, a geometrical shape that is substantially similar to the geometrical shape of the conductor wires making up the respective skirt 230.
- the sensor element 100 may also be inserted into one of the inner skirts, e.g. as a substitute for a wire of the first skirt 210 or second skirt 220.
- the core 201 of the conductor 200 may be made up of a plurality of wires, wherein a central wire has a substantially circular cross-section and a plurality of wires having a substantially trapezoidal cross-section enclose said central wire.
- the core 201 has also a respective covering, which internally encloses the plurality of wires.
- the Applicant observes that the core 201 of the conductor may be made in several different ways without any correlation with the geometrical shape chosen for the skirts 210, 220, which may be made using wires having differently shaped cross-section (e.g. circular, trapezoidal, etc.).
- the conductor 200 comprises a plurality of skirts 210, 220; in particular, a skirt 220 of the conductor 200 is made up of wires having a substantially Z-shaped cross-section. Such Z-shaped wires are mutually stranded to form a respective skirt 220 of the conductor 200, preferably with no gaps between adjacent Z-shaped wires.
- Z-shaped wire refers to a wire having a first half-part and a second half-part that are substantially rectangular in shape, joined to each other at one side to form a substantially Z-shaped outline.
- conductor wires forming different skirts may have different geometrical shapes.
- those conductor wires which make up a first skirt 210 may have a substantially trapezoidal cross-section, such conductor wires being also referred to as "trapezoidal sections"; while those conductor wires which form a second skirt 220 may have a cross-section which is different in shape from that of the conductor wires forming the first skirt 210.
- the conductor 200 may comprise skirts 210, 220 made up of wires having different cross-sections.
- a first skirt 210 may be made from substantially trapezoidal wires;
- a second skirt 220, radially external to the first skirt 210, may be made from substantially Z-shaped wires.
- the sensor element 100 comprises a tube 103 and a filling material 102.
- the filling material 102 is a solid filling material.
- the solid filling material has a hardness of less than 80 Shore A. Even more preferably, the solid filling material has a hardness greater than or equal to 0 Shore A.
- the filling material 102 fills up the inner volume of the tube 103.
- the filling material 102 fills the inner volume of the tube 103 only partially.
- the filling material 102 is a polymeric material.
- the filling material 102 may be selected among: PVC (polyvinylchloride), PE (polyethylene), PA (polyamide) and PU (polyurethane).
- the filling material 102 is a material having a density greater than or equal to 0.8 g/cm 3 , even more preferably greater than or equal to 1 g/cm 3 , in particular greater than or equal to 1.2 g/cm 3 .
- the filling material 102 is a material having a density lower than or equal to 2 g/cm 3 , even more preferably lower than or equal to 1.8 g/cm 3 , in particular lower than or equal to 1.5 g/cm 3 .
- the tube 103 has a substantially elongate cylindrical shape, and is preferably made of a metallic material having a thickness of 0.1 to 1 mm, in particular 0.2 to 0.3 mm.
- the tube 103 is preferably made of a corrosion-resistant metal alloy, e.g. stainless steel.
- the sensor element 100 comprises at least one optical fibre 101.
- the at least one optical fibre 101 is arranged within the tube 103 and buried in the filling material 102.
- the at least one optical fibre 101 is an optical fibre selected among the known G.651, G.652, G.653, G.654, G.655, G.656, G.657 fibres.
- the sensor element 100 comprises a number of fibres 101 ranging from 1 to 24, even more preferably from 2 to 24, buried in the filling material 102.
- the sensor element 100 comprises three optical fibres 101 placed substantially in the centre of the filling material 102.
- the optical fibres 101 may be either closely grouped, e.g. in the centre of the filling material 102, or, alternatively, mutually spaced apart.
- the filling material 102 fills the inner volume of the tube 103 by at least 80% by volume, leaving a gap G between the outer lateral surface of the filling material 102 and the inner lateral surface of the tube 103.
- the gap G has, preferably, a volume ranging between 1% and 20%, even more preferably between 1% and 10%, in particular between 3% and 8%.
- the gap G may have a half-moon shape, when the filling material 102 is in contact with a portion of the inner lateral surface of the tube 103.
- the filling material 102 (and hence the at least one fibre 101) can move freely within the tube 103.
- the sensor element 100 further comprises an outer covering 104.
- the outer covering 104 envelops the outer lateral surface of the tube 103.
- the covering 104 may be made of a metallic material, e.g. aluminium.
- the covering 104 has a thickness in the range of 2 to 6 mm.
- the covering 104 is made of a material selected among: aluminium, aluminium alloys, zirconium, copper.
- the outer covering 104 may have a substantially circular or triangular or trapezoidal or Z-shaped cross-section.
- the cross-section of the covering 104 is selected as a function of the cross-section of the conductor wires used, together with the sensor element 100, for making up a skirt 210, 220 of the conductor 200.
- the sensor element 100 has a shape and/or size which are substantially similar to the shape and/or size of a conductor wire stranded with the sensor element 100 and with a plurality of conductor wires to form a respective skirt 210, 220 of the conductor 200.
- the tube 103 of the sensor element 100 is preferably positioned in the centre of the covering 104.
- the tube 103 may be positioned in one half-part of the covering.
- a conductor 200 is positioned between two substations 320 of a power line 400.
- power line 400 will refer to an overhead power line, preferably a bare overhead power line.
- one end of at least one optical fibre 101 of the sensor element 100 is coupled to an optical interrogator 320.
- the optical interrogator 320 is configured for detecting the operating conditions of said conductor 200 by means of the at least one optical fibre 101 of the sensor element 100.
- the optical interrogator 320 is a Brillouin, or Rayleigh, or Raman, or polarization, or frequency-analysis, or acoustic optical interrogator.
- the sensor element 100 comprises at least two optical fibres 101
- such optical fibres 101 may be connected either to respective interrogators of different types or to a single interrogator.
- a respective end of the conductor 200 is engaged with a respective substation by means of a clamp 311.
- the end of the conductor 200 is engaged with an electric pylon 300 by means of the clamp 311, and a tract of the sensor element 100 is extracted, whether before or past the clamp 311, from the respective skirt of the conductor wire 100 and coupled to the interrogator 320.
- the conductor 200 can be installed in an overhead power line 400 as follows:
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- Communication Cables (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IT202200014380 | 2022-07-07 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP4303889A1 true EP4303889A1 (fr) | 2024-01-10 |
Family
ID=83270897
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP23183265.0A Pending EP4303889A1 (fr) | 2022-07-07 | 2023-07-04 | Conducteur pour lignes électriques aériennes, comprenant un élément de capteur à fibre optique |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP4303889A1 (fr) |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2604766A1 (de) * | 1976-02-07 | 1977-08-11 | Kabel Metallwerke Ghh | Phasenseilkabel fuer starkstrom- freileitungsnetze zur gleichzeitigen energie- und informationsuebertragung |
JPS5758222U (fr) * | 1980-09-24 | 1982-04-06 | ||
US4723832A (en) * | 1985-06-28 | 1988-02-09 | Fujikura Limited | Composite overhead cable structure for electric and optical transmission |
CN113689991A (zh) * | 2021-08-20 | 2021-11-23 | 江苏亨通电力智网科技有限公司 | 一种电气化铁路用光纤复合承力索及其制备方法 |
-
2023
- 2023-07-04 EP EP23183265.0A patent/EP4303889A1/fr active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2604766A1 (de) * | 1976-02-07 | 1977-08-11 | Kabel Metallwerke Ghh | Phasenseilkabel fuer starkstrom- freileitungsnetze zur gleichzeitigen energie- und informationsuebertragung |
JPS5758222U (fr) * | 1980-09-24 | 1982-04-06 | ||
US4723832A (en) * | 1985-06-28 | 1988-02-09 | Fujikura Limited | Composite overhead cable structure for electric and optical transmission |
CN113689991A (zh) * | 2021-08-20 | 2021-11-23 | 江苏亨通电力智网科技有限公司 | 一种电气化铁路用光纤复合承力索及其制备方法 |
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