EP4283028A1 - Spool, yarn twisting process and yarn twisting machine - Google Patents

Abstract

A spool of yarn of natural, synthetic or artificial textile fibres, with the torsion value of the plied yarn (α) throughout the spool (1) being variable, and being associated with the instantaneous winding/unwinding diameter (DI) of the spool (1), equal to α (tpm) = 1/ (DI * π) such that, on unwinding the yarn as twisted in a first direction N-S, the torsion value of the yarn, once unwound as twisted (β) is constant throughout the spool and is essentially equivalent to 0 tpm, and such that, on unwinding the yarn as twisted in a second direction S-N, opposite to the first direction, the torsion value of the yarn, once unwound as twisted (β), is variable throughout the spool and is equivalent to β' (tpm) = 2/ (DI * π). Process for the generation of the spool disclosed, and yarn twisting machine for the generation of the spool disclosed.

Description

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
• The invention, as stated in the title of this specification, refers to a yarn spool, to a yarn twisting process and a yarn twisting machine contributing to the function to which it is designed, with advantages and characteristics that are disclosed in detail thereafter.
• The object of this invention, on the one hand, falls on a yarn spool, concretely yarn of natural, synthetic or artificial textile fibers, in which twisting the said yarn wound on the spool is such that, when unwinding at "de filé" in a direction, the yarn twist is constant and is essentially zero tpm (twists per meter), while when unwinding in the opposite direction, the said twist is variable along the full spool and is equivalent to 2/(ID* ττ) wherein ID is the spool wining/unwinding instant diameter in meters.
• Also, the object of the invention is the yarn twisting process that allows to generate a spool with the characteristics described.
• Last, are also object of the invention, the yarn twisting machines that allows to generate a spool having the characteristics described.
FIELD OF APPLICATION OF THE INVENTION
• The field of application of this invention is within the sector of the textile industry of any type of yarns, namely delicate yarns such as glass fiber yarns.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
• In the textile sector, twisting machines are known that, on an untwisted yarn or fibers strand (thereafter, untwisted or with zero twist yarn) apply given turns or twists per each meter of yarn or textile fiber (thereafter yarn with twist) and pick up the yarn with twist on a spool.
• The said yarn pickup spool can be cylindrical-shaped, conical-shaped, double conical-shaped or others on a holder that can be a tube of cardboard or a reel-format spool container or a bottle or others. Ultimately, the format of the final spool is not limitative and depends on the further process with which the spool with twisted yarn will be used).
• There are different technologies of textile twisting machines that are differentiated because they have a different operating principle, although the aim of twisting and winding the yarn is the same, there are generally:
• ring - traveler twisting technology (rings machines)
• double twist twisting technology (2x1),
• mill-type twisting technology,
• cabling type twisting technology,
• other technologies derived from those...
• In addition to the natural fibers, there exists the synthetic fibers and the artificial fibers and new fibers or filaments are continuously being developed that improve the properties of the fiber depending on the aim to which they are designed.
• The said diversity of new exigences of proprieties of the yarn fibers or fabrics, also implies applying given mechanical characteristics on the yarn such as the twist.
• The twist applied on a yarn or fiber strand is defined as the turns of yarn on its own axis that are applied to it at 1m of the said yarn. The twist unit in the metric system is turns/meter or tpm (twists per meter), although in the Anglo-Saxon system turns/inch is used or TPI in others.
• Usually, in the current state-of-the-art, the twist value is a characteristic that contributes with value to the yarn by providing breaking strength properties, a given stretching, S/Z twist direction, etc., that are generally expected to achieve a concrete aim in a further fabric, construction of a rope or others.
• In the case of ring twisting machines, it shall be reminded that it is called "S" twist when the spindle or spool where spinning or twisting is being carried out rotates counterclockwise and it is called "Z" twist when the spindle on which spinning or twisting is being carried out rotates clockwise.
• In the case of machines of the double twist type, it shall be reminded that it is called "S" twist when the rotating plate of the machine twisting means rotates counterclockwise and it is called "Z" twist when the rotating plate of the machine twisting means rotates clockwise.
• It is not got in detail on the definitions of some parameters such as breaking strength, stretching, S/Z twist direction and many others, as they are already known in the textile sector in general.
• Even though, and as a clarification, a same yarn twisted in a twist direction or another (S direction or Z direction) can also alter the characteristics to obtain a concrete aim in a further fabric, construction of a rope or others.
• For example, has nothing to do, as for mechanical characteristics, a 2-ply cabled yarn with a structure of 100tpm first twist in the S direction and 80 tpm second twist in Z direction, that the same 2-ply cabled yarn with a first 100rpm twist in S direction and 80 tpm second twist also in S direction.
• At the same time, a same twisted yarn in a degree of twist or another, also changes its mechanical properties, therefore, depending on the aim to which the said yarn will be designed and the properties that are required, a given degree of twist and an also given S/Z twist direction will be applied to it.
• As for the structure of the yarn with twist, the said structure can be a strand of synthetic or artificial continuous fibers that are grouped in parallel (zero twist degree) forming an untwisted yarn and that is rolled on spools on a tube holder mostly of cardboard or plastic.
• Some products, such as for example some textile fabrics, require to be manufactured from twisted yarns in a given twist degree.
• Multiple twisted yarn spools are generally placed on static structures, called creels, that support the spools with yarn by the inside of the tube and facilitate/guide the scutching of the yarns of the spools that are static on the creel towards the loom.
• The said type of scutching is carried out with the spool static and drawing the yarn in the direction of the spool axis and is called "de filé" in which it is already known that this type of scutching makes that the structure of the twisted yarn varies, although such variation does not mean a substantial change on the yarn structure with respect to when it is twisted on the spool compared with when it is scutched and it is perfectly accepted in a great percentage of textile processes and products.
• Also, if the same type of scutching at "de filé" is used in spools that have untwisted yarns, the scutching effect modifies the yarn structure as for twists, because in the scutching at "de filé" certain twists are obtained in a given direction, the yarns being fed to the following process not in conditions of zero twist yarn. The textile sectors that use this type of spools and scutching generally also accept this effect without any problem. According to the current state-of-the-art, any process in which a creel houses at least one spool with the fibers parallel (zero twist) and that guides them to the further machine or process and, at same time, it is also required that the scutched yarn is also zero twist or without twist, the scutching of the creel spools is carried out drawing the yarn by the lateral of the spool (perpendicular to the axis) and rotating the spool through creating a tension of the yarn itself when scutching.
• This type of scutching is called "de roulé" and the creels necessary for this type of scutching are much more complicated because the spools have to rotate and to generate all the same tension and imply that the tensions of the yarns generated by the rotation of the spools in their scutching make that they have to be offset with additional yarn feeders between the creel and the following machine that could be a loom or another machine.
• At the same time, the scutching speeds are lower and limit the productivity of the process because the inertias generated by the spools rotation movement and the yarns tensions are very high when the spools are full of yarn.
• Due to all those problems, it could be interesting to have available a spool of a yarn when the yarn is scutched at "de filé" in a first direction, the value of the yarn twist, once scutched at "de filé" will be constant along the full spool and will be essentially equivalent to 0 tpm.
EXPLANATION OF THE INVENTION
• The spool of yarn of natural, synthetic or artificial textile fibers, the process of yarn twisting and the yarn twisting machine that the invention proposes are configurated as an utmost solution to the above-described problems, the characterizing details making it possible and that distinguish them are conveniently appearing in the final claims attached to this specification.
• Concretely, what the invention proposes, from the above-mentioned technological need and as it was already said is, on the one hand, a yarn spool, of concretely a yarn of natural, synthetic or artificial textile fibers, in which the twist of the said yarn, wound on the spool is such that, when the yarn is scutched at "de filé" in a first direction, the yarn twist is constant and is essentially zero tpm (twists per meter), while when it is unwound at "de filé" in the opposite direction, the said twist is variable along the full spool and is equivalent to: $${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="\beta "\; filenames="imgf0003.png,imgf0004.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\beta </figure-callout>}}^1\left(\mathrm{tpm}\right)=2/\left(\mathrm{ID}*\mathrm{\tau \tau }\right)$$

  

  wherein the ID is the winding or unwinding instant diameter or, in other words, the diameter in meters (m) of the spool at the moment in which it is being wound or unwound.
• More specifically, the invention refers to a spool that contains twisted yarn in which, the twist value of the rolled yarn (that we will call alfa) and that, as it was said is variable and is associated to the winding/unwinding instant diameter (ID) of the spool itself meets the following expression: $$\mathrm{alfa}\left(\mathrm{tpm}\right)=1/\left(\mathrm{ID}*\mathrm{\tau \tau }\right)$$

  

  so that, when the yarn is scutched at "de filé" in a first direction, the value of the yarn twist after being scutched at "de filé" (that in this case we will indicate as ß) is constant along the full spool and tends to be 0, $$\mathrm{\beta }\left(\mathrm{tpm}\right)=0$$

  

  and so that, when the yarn is scutched at "de filé" in a second direction, opposite to the first direction, the value of the yarn twist after being scutched at "de filé" (ß') is variable along the full spool and is equivalent to: $$\mathrm{\beta }\left(\mathrm{tpm}\right)=2/\left(\mathrm{ID}\left(\mathrm{m}\right)*\mathrm{\tau \tau }\right)$$

  
• Also, preferably, it is pointed out that the format of the spool, that can be cylindrical-, conical-, double conical-shaped, with plates (reel), etc., is not affected by the characterization of the spool provided that it meets the requirement of twist value described.
• To obtain yarn with a 0 tpm twist, simply the yarn of the spool has to be scutched at "de filé" in the correct direction so that it is the twist generated by the scutching offsets the rolled yarn twist. To facilitate the correct identification of the scutching, marks can be used on the spool.
• Is also object of the invention the yarn twisting process that allows to generate a spool as the one described before.
• The yarn twisting process essentially comprises the following steps.
• Yarn twisting by twisting means that apply a twist associated to the winding/unwinding instant diameter of the spool itself.
• Rolling the yarn on a pickup spool.
so that the rolled yarn twist value (α) long the full pickup spool is variable and is associated to the winding/unwinding instant diameter (ID) of the spool itself and is equivalent to: $$\mathrm{\alpha }\left(\mathrm{tpm}\right)=1/\left(\mathrm{ID}*\mathrm{\tau \tau }\right)$$

• Are also object of the invention the twisting machines that allow to generate a spool as that described before applying the also described twisting process.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
• To complement the description being carried out and in order to assist to best understand the characteristics of the invention, attached to this specification, as an integral part thereof, there is drawing in which, for illustration and no limitation purpose, the following has been represented:
  The figures numbers 1-A and 1B.- They show both schematic elevation views of two examples of spool object of the invention being scutched in opposite directions. In the figure 1-A a spool can be seen where the scutched yarn at "de filé" presents an essentially 0 twist (ß) while in the figure 1-B the scutched yarn at "de filé" of the same spool presents a (ß') twist different from a 0.
• the figure 2.- It shows a schematic representation of a first example of the machine, in this case a ring twisting machine, with a yarn delivery spool (2) that is scutched at "roulé".
• the figures number 3-A and 3-B.- They show both schematic representations of an example of the machine, in this case a ring twisting machine with a yarn delivery spool (2) that is scutched at "de filé". In the figure 3-A it can be seen that the yarn of the delivery spool (2) is unwound in a first direction provoking that the scutched yarn presents a S-direction twist while in the figure 3-B the scutched yarn of the delivery spool (2) presents a Z-direction twist; and
• the figures number 4-A and 4-B.- They show both schematic representations of another example of machine of the invention, in this case a twisting machine of the 2x1 type with a yarn delivery spool (2) that is unwound at "de filé". In the figure 4-A, it can be seen that the yarn is unwound in a first direction provoking that the scutched yarn presents a S-direction twist while in the figure 4-B the scutched yarn presents a Z-direction twist.
PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
• Seen the said figures, and according to the numerals adopted, a nonlimiting example of embodiment of the invention can be seen, which comprises what is described in detail below.
• Thus, as it can be seen in the said figures, a primary spool or delivery spool (2), with a multifilament yarn (H), for example, of polyamide of titer 110 Tex and without twist, is processed in a twisting machine (100) on a container that will be the holder of the spool (1) of this invention.
• The fact of using the word processing implies that the twisting machine (100) is fed with the primary yarn (H) that has no twist, it twists the yarn in a given degree of twist and rotation direction (S or Z) with twisting means and the already twisted spool on the holder that, for example, is a cardboard tube having an external diameter d= 75mm, and in that the maximum diameter (D) of the spool (1) is of 200mm.
• The main characteristic of the twisting machine (100) is that the twisting value to apply in the machine Ω) by the twisting means is such that the twist value of the rolled yarn (α) is variable and is associated to the wound/unwound instant diameter (ID) of the own pickup spool (1) and is equivalent to: $$\mathrm{\alpha }\left(\mathrm{tpm}\right)=1/\left(\mathrm{ID}\left(\mathrm{m}\right)*\mathrm{\tau \tau }\right)$$

  
• For example, when starting the twisting and winding cycle, winding the already twisted yarn starts on the 75mm cardboard tube. At this point, the twist the rolled yarn shall have been of: $$\mathrm{alfa}75=1/\left(0.075*3.1416\right)=4.24\mathrm{tpm}\left(\mathrm{twists}\mathrm{per}\mathrm{meter}\right)$$

  
• Instead, when the pickup spool (1) ends, when it achieves the maximum 200mm diameter, the twist that the rolled yarn shall have been of: $$\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="200"\; label="alfa"\; filenames="imgf0002.png,imgf0003.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">alfa</figure-callout>}200=1/\left(0.2*3.1416\right)=1.59\mathrm{tpm}\left(\mathrm{twists}\mathrm{per}\mathrm{meter}\right)$$

  
• As, during the twisting and winding process the pickup spool (1) is acquiring a larger diameter, the twist that the rolled yarn shall have will be different and will be within the alfa75 and the alfa200 values.
• In case that the twisted yarn spool format is conical or double conical or other, it is proceeded in the same manner. That means, a (Ω) twist shall be applied on the machine twisting means so that the rolled yarn twist (α) value is variable and is associated to the winding/unwinding instant diameter (ID) of the own pickup spool (1) and is equivalent to: $$\mathrm{\alpha }\left(\mathrm{tpm}\right)=1/\left(\mathrm{ID}*\mathrm{\tau \tau }\right)$$

  
• That implies that the twisting machine (100), whichever the technology used, shall know, during the full twisting process, the instant diameter (ID) of the pickup spool (1) of twisted yarn as the said instant diameter (ID) is changing along the winding process.
• According to the figures numbers 1-A and 1-B, two examples of the spool (1) object of the invention can be seen with respective types of yarn unwinding, in which it is observed how it is achieved that the rolled yarn twist (α) value along the full spool (1) is such that, when the yarn is scutched at "de filé" in a first (S) direction (figure 1-A), the yarn twist value after it is scutched at "de filé" (ß) is constant along the full spool and tends to 0, $$\mathrm{\beta }\left(\mathrm{tpm}\right)=0$$

  

  and that, when the yarn is scutched at "de filé" in a second (Z) direction (figure 1-B), opposite to the first direction (S), the twist value of the already scutched yarn at "de filé" (ß') is variable along the full scutching and equivalent to: $$\mathrm{\beta }\prime \left(\mathrm{tpm}\right)=2/\left(\mathrm{ID}*\mathrm{IP}\right)$$

  
• According to the figure 2, a schematic representation of a first example of the machine (100) can be seen, concretely a ring machine with a delivery spool (2) of yarn at "roulé".
• In this case, the yarn (H) exiting from the delivery spool (2) of yarn having no twist (yarn twist value prior to the twisting means (λ) = 0), that means that scutching does not add twist. The scutched yarn of the spool (2) passes though twisting means, in this case that include guiding means (200), a ring-traveler set and rotating means (300) of the pickup spool (1) that apply to the machine a twist value to the yarn (Ω) meeting the following formula: $$\left(\mathrm{\Omega }\right)\mathrm{tpm}=2/\left(\mathrm{ID1}\right)*3.1416),$$

  

  wherein: rpm of the spool (1) = (Ω) tpm* linear speed of the yarn (H).
• According to the figures numbers 3-A and 3-B, another example of the machine (100) can be seen, concretely a ring machine with a delivery spool (2) of yarn that scutches at "de filé". The machine comprises a delivery spool (2) of yarn (H) at 0 twist, twisting means that apply to the yarn (H) a yarn twist (Ω), a pickup spool (1) of yarn (H) with a value of twist of the rolled and already twisted yarn ( α), means to know the instant diameter (ID2) of the delivery spool (2), means to know the instant diameter (ID) of the pickup spool (1) and means to modify the twist (Ω)applied to the yarn in the twisting means.
• In this case the yarn exiting from the yarn delivery spool (1) has a twist (λ) consequently to the enwinding, the yarn twist value prior to the twisting means (λ) depends on the type of the scutching direction (S or Z).
• As it can be seen in the figure 3-A, the spool (2) scutching provokes that the scutched yarn has a Z-direction twist with a prior twist value of the twisting means (λ) that is equivalent to: $$\left(\mathrm{\lambda }\right)=\left(1/\left(\mathrm{ID2}\right)*3.1416\right),$$

  
• In this case, when the twisting means apply a twist (Ω) in a Z direction, the twist (Ω) shall be equivalent to: $$\mathrm{\Omega }\left(\mathrm{tpm}\right)=\left(2/\left(\mathrm{ID1}\right)*3.1416\right)-\left(1/\left(\mathrm{ID2}\right)*3.1416\right)$$

  

  with the objective that the twist value of the rolled yarn (α) along the full pickup spool (1) is variable and is associated to the winding/unwinding instant diameter (ID) of the pickup spool (1) itself and is equivalent to: $$\mathrm{\alpha }\left(\mathrm{tpm}\right)=1/\left(\mathrm{ID}\left(\mathrm{m}\right)*\mathrm{\tau \tau }\right)$$

  
• Instead, when in this case the twisting means apply a twist (Ω) in the S direction, the twist (Ω) shall be equivalent to: $$\mathrm{\Omega }\left(\mathrm{tpm}\right)=\left(2/\left(\mathrm{ID1}\right)*3.1416\right)+\left(1/\left(\mathrm{ID2}\right)*3.1416\right)$$

  

  wherein: rpm of the spool (1) = Ω (tpm)* linear speed (m/min),
  with the objective that the rolled yarn (α) twist value along the full pickup spool (1) is variable and is associated to the winding/unwinding instant diameter (ID) of the pickup spool itself (1) and is equivalent to: $$\mathrm{\alpha }\left(\mathrm{tpm}\right)=1/\left(\mathrm{ID}\left(\mathrm{m}\right)*\mathrm{\tau \tau }\right)$$

  
• As it can be seen in the figure 3-B, the scutching provokes that the scutched yarn has a twist in the S direction with a twist value prior to the twisting means (λ) that is equivalent to: $$\left(\mathrm{\lambda }\right)=\left(1/\left(\mathrm{ID2}\right)*3.1416\right),$$

  
• In this case, when the twisting means apply a twist (Ω) in the Z direction, the twist (Ω) shall be equivalent to: $$\mathrm{\Omega }\left(\mathrm{tpm}\right)=\left(2/\mathrm{ID1}\right)*3.1416+(1/\left(\mathrm{ID2}\right)*3.1416$$

  

  wherein: rpm of the spool (1) = Ω (tpm)* linear speed,
  with the objective that the twist value of the rolled yarn (α) along the full pickup spool (1) is variable and is associated to the winding/unwinding instant diameter (ID) of the pickup spool itself (1) and is equivalent to: $$\mathrm{\alpha }\left(\mathrm{tpm}\right)=1/\left(\mathrm{ID}\left(\mathrm{m}\right)*\mathrm{\tau \tau }\right)$$

  
• Instead, when in this case the twisting means apply a twist (Ω) in the S direction, the twist (Ω) shall be equivalent to $$\mathrm{\Omega }\left(\mathrm{tpm}\right)=\left(2/\left(\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="ID"\; filenames="imgf0003.png,imgf0004.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">ID</figure-callout>}1\right)*3.1416\right)-\left(1/\left(\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="ID"\; filenames="imgf0002.png,imgf0003.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">ID</figure-callout>}2\right)*3.1416\right)$$

  
• Last, according to the figures number 4-A and 4-B, another example can be seen of the machine (100), concretely a 2x1 machine with a yarn delivery spool (2) at "de filé". The machine comprises a delivery spool (2) of yarn (H) at 0 twist, twisting means that apply to the yarn (H) a twist to the yarn (Ω), a pickup spool (1) of yarn (H) with a value of the rolled yarn (α), means to know the instant diameter (ID2) of the delivery spool (2), means to know the instant diameter (ID) of the pickup spool (1) and means to modify the twist (Ω) applied to the yarn in the twisting means.
• In this case, the yarn (H) that exits from the yarn delivery spool (2) has a twist consequently to the scutching. The scutched yarn passes through twisting means, in this case that comprises a rotating plate; guiding means (200) and rotating means (300) of the twisting means rotating plate.
• As it can be seen in the figure 4-A, the scutching provokes that the scutched yarn of the delivery spool (2) has a twist in the Z direction with a twisting value prior to the twisting means (λ) that is equivalent to: $$\left(\mathrm{\lambda }\right)=\left(1/\left(\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="ID"\; filenames="imgf0002.png,imgf0003.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">ID</figure-callout>}2\right)*3.1416\right),$$

  
• In this case, when the twisting means apply a twist (Ω) in the Z direction, the twist (Ω) shall be equivalent to: $$\mathrm{\Omega }\left(\mathrm{tpm}\right)=\left(1/\left(\mathrm{ID}\right)*3.1416\right)-\left(1/\left(\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="ID"\; filenames="imgf0002.png,imgf0003.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">ID</figure-callout>}2\right)*3.1416\right)$$

  

  wherein: rpm of the twisting means (300) / 2 = Ω (tpm)* yarn linear speed,
  with the objective that the rolled yarn (α) twist value along the full pickup spool (1) is variable and is associated to the instant diameter of winding/unwinding (ID) of the pickup spool itself (1) and is equivalent to: $$\mathrm{\alpha }\left(\mathrm{tpm}\right)=1/\left(\mathrm{ID}\left(\mathrm{m}\right)*\mathrm{\tau \tau }\right)$$

  
• Instead, when in this case the twisting means apply a twist (Ω) in the S direction, the twist (Ω) shall be equivalent to: $$\mathrm{\Omega }\left(\mathrm{tpm}\right)=\left(1/\left(\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="ID"\; filenames="imgf0003.png,imgf0004.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">ID</figure-callout>}1\right)*3.1416\right)+\left(1/\left(\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="ID"\; filenames="imgf0002.png,imgf0003.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">ID</figure-callout>}2\right)*3.1416\right)$$

  

  wherein: rpm of the twisting means (300) / 2 = Ω (tpm) * yarn linear speed
  with the objective that the twist value of the rolled yarn (α) along the full pickup spool (1) is variable and is associated to the instant diameter of winding/unwinding (ID) of the pickup spool itself (1) and is equivalent to: $$\mathrm{\alpha }\left(\mathrm{tpm}\right)=1/\left(\mathrm{ID}\left(\mathrm{m}\right)*\mathrm{\tau \tau }\right)$$

  
• As it can be seen in the figure 4-B, the scutching provokes that the scutched yarn has a twist in the S direction with a twist value prior to the twisting means (λ) that is equivalent to: $$\left(\mathrm{\lambda }\right)=\left(1/\left(\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="ID"\; filenames="imgf0002.png,imgf0003.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">ID</figure-callout>}2\right)*3.1416\right),$$

  
• In this case, when the twisting means apply a twist (Ω) in the Z direction, the twist (Ω) shall be equivalent to: $$\mathrm{\Omega }\left(\mathrm{tpm}\right)=\left(1/\left(\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="ID"\; filenames="imgf0003.png,imgf0004.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">ID</figure-callout>}1\right)*3.1416\right)+\left(1/\left(\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="ID"\; filenames="imgf0002.png,imgf0003.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">ID</figure-callout>}2\right)*3.1416\right)$$

  

  wherein rpm of the twisting means (300) /2 = Ω (tpm)* yarn linear speed
  with the objective that the twist value of the rolled yarn (α) along the full pickup spool (1) is variable and is associated to the wound/unwound instant diameter (ID) of the pickup spool itself (1) and is equivalent to: $$\mathrm{\alpha }\left(\mathrm{tpm}\right)=1/\left(\mathrm{ID}\left(\mathrm{m}\right)*\mathrm{\tau \tau }\right)$$

  
• Instead, when in this case the twisting means apply a twist (Ω) in the S direction, the twist (Ω) shall be equivalent to: $$\mathrm{\Omega }\left(\mathrm{tpm}\right)=\left(1/\left(\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="ID"\; filenames="imgf0003.png,imgf0004.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">ID</figure-callout>}1\right)*3.1416\right)-\left(1/\left(\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="ID"\; filenames="imgf0002.png,imgf0003.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">ID</figure-callout>}2\right)*3.1416\right)$$

  

  wherein: rpm of the twisting means (300) / 2 = Ω (tpm) * linear speed.
• There exist different technologies to obtain the value of the instant diameter of a spool along the full process, such as an ultrasound sensor that is correctly oriented in order it provides an analog signal associated at a distance of a programmable automat or PLC and that this later through and with programming means calculates the said instant diameter. It is also possible to know the instant diameter of a spool by knowing the yarn speed, the yarn characteristics and the geometry of the spool rolling.
• It is not thought necessary to go into detail of which is the manner of how these textiles machines twist although, preferably, this invention is focused in that the said machines are characterized in that by knowing the instant diameter of the spool during the full cycle of twisting and through programming means, they can apply a real twist to the wound yarn that is variable such that the value of the twist of the rolled yarn (α) along the full pickup spool (1) is variable, is associated to the winding/unwinding instant diameter (ID) of the pickup spool (1) itself and is equivalent to: $$\mathrm{\alpha }\left(\mathrm{tpm}\right)=1/\left(\mathrm{ID}\left(\mathrm{m}\right)*\mathrm{\tau \tau }\right)$$

  
• Finally, to obtain a real twist (α) in the pickup spool (1) a twist (Ω) is to be programmed in the twisting machine and, according to the operating principle of the machine as well if it is a ring type or a double twist (2x1), each machine will act in its moving parts as it is convenient:
  For ring twisting machines: $$\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="RPM\; spool"\; filenames="imgf0003.png,imgf0004.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">RPM</figure-callout>}\mathrm{spool}\left(1\right)=\left(\mathrm{\Omega }\right)*\mathrm{yarn}\mathrm{linear}\mathrm{speed}$$

  
• For double twist or 2x1 twisting machines: $$\mathrm{PRM}\mathrm{twisting}\mathrm{means}\left(300\right)/2=\left(\mathrm{\Omega }\right)*\mathrm{yarn}\mathrm{linear}\mathrm{speed}\mathrm{.}$$

  
• When we speak about zero twist value that means that the twist objective is zero tpm although the tolerances have to be taken into account as well as measuring the ID, ID2 diameters and the accurateness of the movements shall always be such that they are always seeking the said objective, therefore there is to be a margin around the 0 tpm value that is preferably of +8/-8 tpm in which it is considered protected by the said present invention, even margins of +1/-1 tpm or +2/-2tpm, +3/-3tpm.
• The nature of this invention being sufficiently described, as well as the manner to implement it, it is not deemed necessary to extend any longer its explanation for any skilled person of the art to understand its extent and advantages arising from it.

Claims (12)

1. Spool of yarn of natural or artificial textile fibers characterized in that the twist value of the rolled yarn (α) along the full spool (1) is variable and is associated to the winding/unwinding instant diameter (ID) of the spool (1) itself and is equivalent to: $$\mathrm{\alpha }\left(\mathrm{tpm}\right)=1/\left(\mathrm{ID}*\mathrm{\tau \tau }\right)$$

   

   so that, when the yarn is scutched at "de filé" in a first N-S direction, the value of the yarn twist after being scutched at "de filé" (ß) is constant along the full spool and is essentially equivalent to 0 tpm, $$\mathrm{\beta }\left(\mathrm{tpm}\right)=0$$

   

   and so that, when the yarn is scutched at "de filé" in a second S-N direction, opposite to the first direction, the value of the yarn twist after being scutched at "de filé" (ß') is variable along the full spool and is equivalent to: $$\mathrm{\beta }\left(\mathrm{tpm}\right)=2/\left(\mathrm{ID}\left(\mathrm{m}\right)*\mathrm{\tau \tau }\right)$$

   
2. Yarn twisting process characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

   ● Yarn twisting (H) by twisting means that apply a twist (Ω) associated to the winding/unwinding instant diameter (ID) of the spool itself (1)

   ● Rolling the yarn (H) on a pickup spool (1)

   so that the value of the twist of the rolled yarn (α) along the full pickup spool (1) is variable and is associated to the winding/unwinding instant diameter (ID) of the spool itself (1) and is equivalent to: $$\mathrm{\alpha }\left(\mathrm{tpm}\right)=1/\left(\mathrm{ID}*\mathrm{\tau \tau }\right)$$

   
3. Yarn twisting machine, characterized in that it comprises

   ● a yarn (H) delivery spool (2),

   ● twisting means that apply a twist to the yarn (Ω),

   ● a yarn (H) pickup spool (1) with a twist value of the rolled yarn (α)

   ● means to know the instant diameter (ID) of the pickup spool (1)

   ● means to modify the twist applied to the yarn (Ω) in the machine twisting means

   so that the twist value of the rolled yarn (α) along the full pickup spool (1) is variable and is associated to the winding/unwinding instant diameter (ID) of the pickup spool (1) itself and is equivalent to: $$\mathrm{\alpha }\left(\mathrm{tpm}\right)=1/\left(\mathrm{ID}*\mathrm{\tau \tau }\right)$$

   
4. Yarn twisting machine according to the claim 3, characterized in that the twisting machine is a ring machine that comprises

   ● a yarn (H) delivery spool (2) at 0 twist that is unwound in yarn at "de roulé",

   ● twisting means that apply a twist to the yarn (Ω) in the S direction,

   ● a pickup spool (1) of yarn (H) with a twist value of the rolled yarn (α)

   ● means to know the instant diameter (ID) of the pickup spool (1)

   ● means to modify the twist (Ω) applied to the yarn in the machine twisting means so that the twist value (Ω) applied is equivalent to: $$\mathrm{\Omega }\left(\mathrm{tpm}\right)=2/\left(\mathrm{ID}*3.1416\right)$$

   

   so that the twist value of the rolled yarn (α) along the full pickup spool (1) is variable and is associated to the winding/unwinding instant diameter (ID) of the pickup spool (1) itself and is equivalent to: $$\mathrm{\alpha }\left(\mathrm{tpm}\right)=1/\left(\mathrm{ID}\left(\mathrm{m}\right)*\mathrm{\tau \tau }\right)$$

   
5. Yarn twisting machine according to the claim 3, characterized in that the twisting machine is a ring machine that comprises

   ● a delivery spool (2) of yarn (H) at 0 twist that is unwound at "de filé" so that when unwinding a twist in Z direction is applied to the yarn (H) with a twist value of the yarn prior to the twisting means (λ) and that is equivalent to: $$\left(\mathrm{\lambda }\right)=\left(1/\mathrm{ID}2\right)*3.1416),$$

   

   ● twisting means that apply to the yarn (H) a twist to the yarn (Ω) in a Z direction,

   ● a pickup spool (1) of yarn (H) with a twist value of the rolled yarn (α)

   ● means to know the instant diameter (ID2) of the delivery spool (2)

   ● means to know the instant diameter (ID) of the pickup spool (1)

   ● means to modify the twist (Ω) applied to the yarn in the machine twisting means so that the twist value (Ω) applied is equivalent to: $$\mathrm{\Omega }\left(\mathrm{tpm}\right)=2/\left(\mathrm{ID/1}\right)*3.1416)-\left(1/\left(\mathrm{ID2}\right)*3.1416\right)$$

   

   so that the twist value of the rolled yarn (α) along the full pickup spool (1) is variable and is associated to the winding/unwinding instant diameter (ID) of the pickup spool (1) itself and is equivalent to: $$\mathrm{\alpha }\left(\mathrm{tpm}\right)=1/\left(\mathrm{ID}*\mathrm{\tau \tau }\right)$$

   
6. Yarn twisting machine according to the claim 3, characterized in that the twisting machine is a ring machine that comprises

   ● a delivery spool (2) of yarn (H) at 0 twist that is unwound at "de filé" so that when unwinding a twist in Z direction is applied to the yarn (H) with a twist value of the yarn prior to the twisting means (λ) and that is equivalent to: $$\left(\mathrm{\lambda }\right)=\left(\mathrm{1/ID2}\right)*3.1416),$$

   

   ● twisting means that apply to the yarn (H) a twist to the yarn (Ω) in a S direction,

   ● a pickup spool (1) of yarn (H) with a twist value of the rolled yarn (α)

   ● means to know the instant diameter (ID2) of the delivery spool (2)

   ● means to know the instant diameter (ID) of the pickup spool (1)

   ● means to modify the twist (Ω) applied to the yarn in the machine twisting means so that the twist value (Ω) applied is equivalent to: $$\mathrm{\Omega }\left(\mathrm{tpm}\right)=\left(2/\left(\mathrm{ID/1}\right)*3.1416\right)+\left(1/\left(\mathrm{ID2}\right)*3.1416\right)$$

   

   so that the twist value of the rolled yarn (α) along the full pickup spool (1) is variable and is associated to the winding/unwinding instant diameter (ID) of the pickup spool (1) itself and is equivalent to: $$\mathrm{\alpha }\left(\mathrm{tpm}\right)=1/\left(\mathrm{ID}*\mathrm{\tau \tau }\right)$$

   
7. Yarn twisting machine according to the claim 3, characterized in that the twisting machine is a ring machine that comprises

   ● a delivery spool (2) of yarn (H) at 0 twist that is unwound at "de filé" so that when unwinding a twist in S direction is applied to the yarn (H) with a twist value of the yarn prior to the twisting means and (λ) that is equivalent to: $$\left(\mathrm{\lambda }\right)=\left(\mathrm{1/ID2}\right)*3.1416),$$

   

   ● twisting means that apply to the yarn (H) a twist to the yarn (Ω) in a Z direction,

   ● a pickup spool (1) of yarn (H) with a twist value of the rolled yarn (α)

   ● means to know the instant diameter (ID2) of the delivery spool (2)

   ● means to know the instant diameter (ID) of the pickup spool (1)

   ● means to modify the twist (Ω) applied to the yarn in the machine twisting means so that the twist value (Ω) applied is equivalent to: $$\mathrm{\Omega }\left(\mathrm{tpm}\right)=\left(2/\left(\mathrm{ID/1}\right)*3.1416\right)+\left(1/\left(\mathrm{ID2}\right)*3.1416\right)$$

   

   so that the twist value of the rolled yarn (α) along the full pickup spool (1) is variable and is associated to the winding/unwinding instant diameter (ID) of the pickup spool (1) itself and is equivalent to: $$\mathrm{\alpha }\left(\mathrm{tpm}\right)=1/\left(\mathrm{ID}*\mathrm{\tau \tau }\right)$$

   
8. Yarn twisting machine according to the claim 3, characterized in that the twisting machine is a ring machine that comprises

   ● a delivery spool (2) of yarn (H) at 0 twist that is unwound at "de filé" so that when unwinding, a twist in S direction is applied to the yarn (H) with a twist value of the yarn prior to the twisting means and (λ) that is equivalent to: $$\left(\mathrm{\lambda }\right)=\left(\mathrm{1/ID2}\right)*3.1416),$$

   

   ● twisting means that apply to the yarn (H) a twist to the yarn (Ω) in a S direction,

   ● a pickup spool (1) of yarn (H) with a twist value of the rolled yarn (α)

   ● means to know the instant diameter (ID2) of the delivery spool (2)

   ● means to know the instant diameter (ID) of the pickup spool (1)

   ● means to modify the twist (Ω) applied to the yarn in the machine twisting means so that the twist value (Ω) applied is equivalent to: $$\mathrm{\Omega }\left(\mathrm{tpm}\right)=2/\left(\mathrm{ID/1}\right)*3.1416)-\left(1/\left(\mathrm{ID2}\right)*3.1416\right)$$

   

   so that the twist value of the rolled yarn (α) along the full pickup spool (1) is variable and is associated to the winding/unwinding instant diameter (ID) of the pickup spool (1) itself and is equivalent to: $$\mathrm{\alpha }\left(\mathrm{tpm}\right)=1/\left(\mathrm{ID}*\top \top \right)$$

   
9. Yarn twisting machine according to the claim 3, characterized in that the twisting machine is a 2x1 machine that comprises

   ● a delivery spool (2) of yarn (H) at 0 twist that is unwound at "de filé" so that when unwinding a twist in Z direction is applied to the yarn (H) with a twist value of the yarn prior to the twisting means (λ) and that is equivalent to: $$\left(\mathrm{\lambda }\right)=\left(1/\mathrm{ID}2\right)*3.1416),$$

   

   ● twisting means that apply to the yarn (H) a twist to the yarn (Ω) in a Z direction,

   ● a pickup spool (1) of yarn (H) with a twist value of the rolled yarn (α)

   ● means to know the instant diameter (ID2) of the delivery spool (2)

   ● means to know the instant diameter (ID) of the pickup spool (1)

   ● means to modify the twist (Ω) applied to the yarn in the machine twisting means so that the twist value (Ω) applied is equivalent to: $$\mathrm{\Omega }\left(\mathrm{tpm}\right)=2/\left(\mathrm{ID}/1\right)*3.1416)-\left(1/\left(\mathrm{ID}2\right)*3.1416\right)$$

   

   so that the twist value of the rolled yarn (α) along the full pickup spool (1) is variable and is associated to the winding/unwinding instant diameter (ID) of the pickup spool (1) itself and is equivalent to: $$\mathrm{\alpha }\left(\mathrm{tpm}\right)=1/\left(\mathrm{ID}*\top \top \right)$$

   
10. Yarn twisting machine according to the claim 3, characterized in that the twisting machine is a 2x1 machine that comprises

    ● a delivery spool (2) of yarn (H) at 0 twist that is unwound at "de filé" so that when unwinding, a twist in Z direction is applied to the yarn (H) with a twist value of the yarn prior to the twisting means (λ) and that is equivalent to: $$\left(\mathrm{\lambda }\right)=\left(1/\mathrm{ID}2\right)*3.1416),$$

    

    ● twisting means that apply to the yarn (H) a twist to the yarn (Ω) in a S direction,

    ● a pickup spool (1) of yarn (H) with a twist value of the rolled yarn (α)

    ● means to know the instant diameter (ID2) of the delivery spool (2)

    ● means to know the instant diameter (ID) of the pickup spool (1)

    ● means to modify the twist (Ω) applied to the yarn in the machine twisting means so that the twist value (Ω) applied is equivalent to: $$\mathrm{\Omega }\left(\mathrm{tpm}\right)=2/\left(\mathrm{ID}/1\right)*3.1416)-\left(1/\left(\mathrm{ID}2\right)*3.1416\right)$$

    

    so that the twist value of the rolled yarn (α) along the full pickup spool (1) is variable and is associated to the winding/unwinding instant diameter (ID) of the pickup spool (1) itself and is equivalent to: $$\mathrm{\alpha }\left(\mathrm{tpm}\right)=1/\left(\mathrm{ID}*\top \top \right)$$

    
11. Yarn twisting machine according to the claim 3, characterized in that the twisting machine is a 2x1 machine that comprises

    ● a delivery spool (2) of yarn (H) at 0 twist that is unwound at "de filé" so that when unwinding, a twist in S direction is applied to the yarn (H) with a twist value of the yarn prior to the twisting means (λ) and that is equivalent to: $$\left(\mathrm{\lambda }\right)=\left(1/\mathrm{ID}2\right)*3.1416),$$

    

    ● twisting means that apply to the yarn (H) a twist to the yarn (Ω) in a Z direction,

    ● a pickup spool (1) of yarn (H) with a twist value of the rolled yarn (α)

    ● means to know the instant diameter (ID2) of the delivery spool (2)

    ● means to know the instant diameter (ID) of the pickup spool (1)

    ● means to modify the twist (Ω) applied to the yarn in the machine twisting means so that the twist value (Ω) applied is equivalent to: $$\mathrm{\Omega }\left(\mathrm{tpm}\right)=1/\left(\mathrm{ID}/1\right)*3.1416)-\left(1/\left(\mathrm{ID}2\right)*3.1416\right)$$

    

    so that the twist value of the rolled yarn (α) along the full pickup spool (1) is variable and is associated to the winding/unwinding instant diameter (ID) of the pickup spool (1) itself and is equivalent to: $$\mathrm{\alpha }\left(\mathrm{tpm}\right)=1/\left(\mathrm{ID}*\top \top \right)$$

    
12. Yarn twisting machine according to the claim 3, characterized in that the twisting machine is a 2x1 machine that comprises

    ● a delivering spool (2) of yarn (H) at 0 twist that is unwound at "de filé" so that when unwinding, a twist in S direction is applied to the yarn (H) with a twist value of the yarn prior to the twisting means (λ) and that is equivalent to: $$\left(\mathrm{\lambda }\right)=\left(1/\mathrm{ID}2\right)*3.1416),$$

    

    ● twisting means that apply to the yarn (H) a twist to the yarn (Ω) in a S direction,

    ● a pickup spool (1) of yarn (H) with a twist value of the rolled yarn (α)

    ● means to know the instant diameter (ID2) of the delivery spool (2)

    ● means to know the instant diameter (ID) of the pickup spool (1)

    ● means to modify the twist (Ω) applied to the yarn in the machine twisting means so that the twist value (Ω) applied is equivalent to: $$\mathrm{\Omega }\left(\mathrm{tpm}\right)=\left(1/\left(\mathrm{ID}/1\right)*3.1416\right)-\left(1/\left(\mathrm{ID}2\right)*3.1416\right)$$

    

    so that the twist value of the rolled yarn (α) along the full pickup spool (1) is variable and is associated to the winding/unwinding instant diameter (ID) of the pickup spool (1) itself and is equivalent to: $$\mathrm{\alpha }\left(\mathrm{tpm}\right)=1/\left(\mathrm{ID}*\mathrm{\tau \tau }\right)$$

    

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