EP4261375A1

EP4261375A1 - Safety hinge for a vertical door

Info

Publication number: EP4261375A1
Application number: EP22167750.3A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Marian Cristian Sandu; Mihail BURLACU; Florin Drinceanu
Original assignee: Saint Gobain Glass France SAS; Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
Current assignee: Saint Gobain Glass France SAS; Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
Priority date: 2022-04-12
Filing date: 2022-04-12
Publication date: 2023-10-18

Abstract

Safety hinge for a vertical door, comprising a cam (1) provided with a first vertical cam profile (c1) and a second vertical cam profile (c2), a cam follower (2) provided with a first vertical cam follower profile (f1) configured to work in conjunction with the first vertical cam profile (c1), and a second vertical cam follower profile (f2) configured to work in conjunction with the second vertical cam profile (c2), the safety hinge being configured to move from a first resting position into a second resting position by moving the cam (1) such that the first vertical cam profile (c1) drives the first vertical cam follower profile (f1), and to move from the second resting position back into the first resting position by moving the cam (1) such that the second vertical cam profile (c2) drives the second vertical cam follower profile (f2).

Description

The invention refers to a safety hinge for a vertical door, in particular for a vertical door of a refrigerator cabinet.
Safety hinges for vertical doors are known in the art, such as the safety hinge disclosed in the European patent application no. 21197322.7 filed on 17.09.2021 and having the same applicant as that of the present invention.
The disadvantage of the above mentioned prior art document is that, although the solution is simple and inexpensive, it still involves the replacement (by a relatively specialized person) of a broken safety screw with a new one, thus leading to a time-consuming operation.
The present invention aims to eliminate the afore-mentioned disadvantage, by providing an equally simple and inexpensive safety hinge, whose trouble-shooting can be performed swiftly by any person, because absolutely no technical skills are needed and no parts need to be replaced.
The safety hinge according to the invention comprises:

a cam provided with a first vertical cam profile and a second vertical cam profile that is symmetrical to the first vertical cam profile,
a cam follower provided with a first vertical cam follower profile configured to work in conjunction with the first vertical cam profile, and a second vertical cam follower profile, that is symmetrical to the first vertical cam follower profile, configured to work in conjunction with the second vertical cam profile, the cam follower being fixed at its top to a first crown gear that has upwards oriented teeth and has freedom of rotation about its vertical central axis,
a second crown gear situated above and in contact with the first crown gear, has downwards oriented teeth, having a same pitch as that of the first crown gear, has only freedom of translation along its vertical central axis that coincides with the vertical central axis of the first crown gear, each tooth of the first and second crown gears has an identical apex angle in the range 100 ÷ 130 degrees, and has a same height in the range of 2 ÷ 3.5 mm,

an elastic element exerting a vertical compression force on the second crown gear, thereby ensuring a permanent contact between the teeth of the second crown gear and the teeth of the first crown gear,
the safety hinge having a first resting position wherein the first crown gear is in mesh with the second crown gear, and a second resting position wherein the first crown gear is in mesh with the second crown gear, and the teeth of the first crown gear are offset with one pitch in respect to the teeth of the second crown gear, in comparison to the first resting position,
the safety hinge being configured to
- move from the first resting position into the second resting position by moving the cam such that the first vertical cam profile drives the first vertical cam follower profile,
- move from the second resting position back into the first resting position by moving the cam such that the second vertical cam profile drives the second vertical cam follower profile.

In a preferred embodiment of the safety hinge according to the invention, the cam is provided with a first central circular through hole, the first crown gear is provided with a second central circular through hole, the second crown gear is provided with:

a third central circular through hole, an annular seating fixed concentrically with and inside the third central circular through hole, and a pair of diametrically opposed guides situated on an outer lateral surface of the second crown gear. The elastic element is a helical spring provided with a plurality of coils.

The safety hinge further comprises:

a hollow member, fixable to a frame, and provided with an upper opening and a lower opening, the interior of the hollow member having a substantially cylindrical shape bounded respectively by said upper and lower openings, and being provided with a pair of diametrically opposed grooves along the entire height of the hollow member such that each guide of the second crown gear is slidable along a respective groove,
a cover removably fixed to the hollow member and covering the upper opening thereof,
an abutment body fixed to the cam, said body being fixable to a door, configured to operate in conjunction with said frame,
a pin passing through the first, second and third central circular through holes, as well as through several coils of the helical spring, and having its lower end fixed to the abutment body.

The cam is partially housed within the hollow member and partially (namely its lower portion) protruding through the lower opening of the hollow member. The cam follower is partially housed within the hollow member and partially (namely its lower portion) protruding through the lower opening of the hollow member such that the lower part of the cam follower freely abuts on the abutment body. The first crown gear and the second crown gear are both totally housed within the hollow member. The helical spring is totally housed within the hollow member, and has its upper extremity in contact with the cover and its lower extremity in contact with the annular seating. The cam is rotatable about the pin in both clockwise and anti-clockwise directions.
In a preferred embodiment of the safety hinge according to the invention, the angle of rotation of the cam about the pin, corresponding to movement of the safety hinge from the first resting position to the second resting position, is in the range 105 ÷ 120 degrees, preferably 110 degrees.
The invention will be better understood from the following embodiment, explained in detail and based on the figures, that represent:

Figure 1 : exploded view of the safety hinge according to the invention;
Figure 2 : exploded view of the upper elements of the safety hinge according to the invention;
Figure 3 : axonometrical view of the safety hinge according to the invention;
Figures 4a and 4b : partial section view of the safety hinge according to the invention, corresponding to a first resting position (closed door position);
Figure 5 : partial section view of the safety hinge according to the invention, corresponding to a partially open door position;
Figures 6a and 6b : partial section view of the safety hinge according to the invention, corresponding to another partially open door position;
Figure 7a and 7b : partial section view of the safety hinge according to the invention, corresponding to a second resting position (maximally open door position);

Figure 1 shows an explosion view of the safety hinge according to the invention, that comprises a cam 1 provided with a first vertical cam profile c1 and a second vertical cam profile c2 that is symmetrical to the first vertical cam profile c1. The cam 1 is also provided with a first central circular through hole h1.
The safety hinge further comprises a cam follower 2 provided with a first vertical cam follower profile f1 configured to work in conjunction with the first vertical cam profile c1, and a second vertical cam follower profile f2, that is symmetrical to the first vertical cam follower profile f1, configured to work in conjunction with the second vertical cam profile c2. Said two cam follower profiles f1, f2 are not visible in figure 1 , but are visible in figure 2 .
The cam follower 2 is partially housed within a hollow member 4 that is fixable to a frame F. For example, screws may be used to fix the hollow member 4 to a door frame F. The hollow member 4 is provided with an upper opening covered by a cover 5 and a lower opening through which the cam follower 2 protrudes. The cover 5 is preferably removably fixed to the hollow member 4. For example, screws may be used to fix the cover 5 to the hollow member 4 (as shown in figure 2).
The cam 1 is fixed to an abutment body B fixable to a door D, said door D being configured to operate in conjunction with said frame F. The cam 1 and the abutment body B may be fixed directly to the door D, or may be, as shown in figure 1 , be fixed to the door D by means of an auxiliary member A. Press-fitting may be used to fix the abutment body B to the door D or to the auxiliary member A, as well as of the auxiliary member A to the door D.
A vertical pin 7 has its lower end fixed to the abutment body B and passes through the first central circular through hole h1.
The cam 1 is rotatable about the pin 7 in both clockwise and anti-clockwise directions.
Figure 2 shows an exploded view of the upper elements of the safety hinge according to the invention, more precisely of those elements housed within the hollow member 4.
The interior of the hollow member 4 has a substantially cylindrical shape bounded respectively by said upper and lower openings, and is provided with a pair of diametrically opposed vertical grooves g1 along the entire height of the hollow member 4.
The cam follower 2 is fixed at its top to a first crown gear G1 having upwards oriented teeth. The cam follower 2 may be integral with the first crown gear G1 (i.e. made in one piece) or may be welded or glued to the first crown gear G1. The first crown gear G1 is provided with a second central circular through hole h2 and has freedom of rotation about its vertical central axis.
The hollow member 4 further houses a second crown gear G2 situated above and in contact with the first crown gear G1, and having downwards oriented teeth with a same pitch as the teeth of the first crown gear G1. The second crown gear G2 is provided with a third central circular through hole h3, with an annular seating 6 fixed concentrically with and inside said third central circular through hole h3, and with a pair of diametrically opposed guides g2 situated on an outer lateral surface thereof. Each guide g2 of the second crown gear G2 is slidable along a respective groove g1 of the hollow member 4.
Due to the guides g2 - grooves g1 arrangement, the second crown gear G2 movement is restricted exclusively to the translation along its vertical central axis that coincides with the vertical central axis of the first crown gear G1.
The hollow member 4 further houses an elastic element, preferably a helical spring 3, configured to exert a vertical compression force on the second crown gear G2 and thereby ensuring a permanent contact between the teeth of the second crown gear G2 and the teeth of the first crown gear G1. The helical spring 3 has its upper extremity in contact with the cover 5 and its lower extremity in contact with the annular seating 6.
Each tooth of the first and second crown gears G1, G2 has an identical apex angle in the range 100 - 130 degrees and has a same height in the range of 2 ÷ 3.5 mm.
Although not shown in figure 2 , the pin 7 depicted in figure 1 , passes through the first h1, second h2 and third h3 central circular through holes, as well as through several coils of the helical spring 3.
Figure 3 shows an axonometrical view of the safety hinge according to the invention, in a first resting position corresponding to a closed door position.
Figures 4a and 4b each show a partial section view of the safety hinge according to the invention, in a first resting position (corresponding to the one of figure 3 ) corresponding to a closed door position. In said first resting position, the first crown gear G1 is in mesh with the second crown gear G2, the cam 1 is not in contact with the cam follower 2 (namely the first vertical cam profile c1 is not in contact with the first vertical cam follower profile f1), and the spring 3 is minimally compressed.
Figure 5 shows a partial section view of the safety hinge according to the invention, corresponding to a partially open door position, wherein the position of the two crown gears G1 and G2 is identical to the one form figures 4a and 4b (i.e. in mesh), while only the cam 1 together with the first crown gear G1 have rotated clockwise about the pin 7, such that the first vertical cam profile c1 just comes into contact with the first vertical cam follower profile f1 (i.e. the first vertical cam profile c1 exerts substantially no pressure on the first vertical cam follower profile f1). The spring 3 is minimally compressed.
Figures 6a and 6b each show a partial section view of the safety hinge according to the invention, corresponding to a different (in respect to figure 5 ) partially open door position, wherein the cam 1 together with the first crown gear G1 have further rotated clockwise and the two crown gears G1 and G2 make contact only at the apex of their respective corresponding teeth. The first vertical cam profile c1 is in contact with and exerts pressure on the first vertical cam follower profile f1. The spring 3 is maximally compressed.
Figures 7a and 7b each show a partial section view of the safety hinge according to the invention, in a second resting position corresponding to a maximally open door position, wherein the cam 1 together with the first crown gear G1 have even further rotated clockwise and the first crown gear G1 is in mesh with the second crown gear G2 but the teeth of the first crown gear G1 are offset with one pitch in respect to the teeth of the second crown gear G2 in comparison to the first resting position; the first vertical cam profile c1 is in contact with but exerts substantially no pressure on the first vertical cam follower profile f1. The spring 3 is minimally compressed.
The functioning of the safety hinge according to the invention will be explained in the following paragraphs.
Initially, the door is in the closed position (and the safety hinge is in its first resting position), as in figures 4a and 4b , wherein the cam 1 is not is contact with the cam follower 2, i.e. their respective profiles c1, f1 are not in contact. The two crown gears G1, G2 are in mesh and the spring 3 is minimally compressed.
As the door gradually opens (opened by a user), the cam 1 together with the first crown gear G1 rotate clockwise about the pin 7 until the profiles c1, f1 just come into contact, as shown in figure 5 . The cam follower 2, the second crown gear G2 and the spring 3 do not change their positions in respect to those corresponding to the closed door position.
If the door is further opened (in respect to the position of figure 5 ) at an angle of about 97 degrees in respect to the closed door position, the user will feel resistance (i.e. he will sense that a greater force needs to be applied to further open the door) and implicitly understand that he should avoid opening the door further. This is an advantage of the invention, because the user, based on the perceived information (resistance felt), avoids damaging the hinge. Said resistance is due to the opposition of the second crown gear G2 to the rotation of the first crown gear G1 and implicitly to the cam follower 2.
If the user continues to further open the door, intentionally or unintentionally, at an angle over 97 degrees, the further rotation of the cam 1 will determine the cam follower 2 and implicitly the first crown gear G1 to rotate clockwise. Because the second crown gear G2 is limited exclusively to a vertical translation movement (due to the guides g2 - grooves g1 arrangement), the teeth of the first crown gear G1 will move relative to the teeth of the second crown gear G2, thus pushing upwards the second crown gear G2 (the teeth of the second crown gear G2 will move upwards on the left flanks of the respective corresponding teeth of the first crown gear G1). Consequently, the user will feel an even greater resistance from the door, signaling him that he should stop opening it. The feature that the second crown gear G2 can only translate vertically is essential to obtain said door resistance feeling for the user.
If nevertheless the user further opens the door, at some point, the teeth of the two crown gears G1, G2 will be in contact only at their apex level, as in figures 6a and 6b . In this position, the second crown gear G2 is at its maximum height and the spring 3 is maximally compressed.
If the door continues to open even further, the teeth of the second crown gear G2 will start descending (will move downwards on the right flanks of the respective corresponding teeth of the first crown gear G1), thereby the second crown gear G2 descending until the teeth of both crown gears G1, G2 are again in mesh, as shown in figures 7a and 7b . In this position, the door is maximally open and the safety hinge is in its second resting position.
In the second resting position the teeth of the first crown gear G1 are offset with one pitch in respect to the teeth of the second crown gear G2, in comparison to the first resting position.
During the descent of the second crown gear G2, the user will feel that the necessary door opening force is starting to decrease, until a minimum corresponding to the second resting position.
If the user still continues opening the door, he will feel again that the necessary door opening force is starting to increase.
The above succession of sensory warnings should eventually determine the user to be aware of the abnormal situation (risking to damage the hinge) and stop further opening the door.
The returning of the door from its maximally open position to its closed position is extremely simple (thus a significant advantage provided by the safety hinge according to the invention): all the user has to do is to close the door. During this operation, the cam 1 rotates anti-clockwise and will make contact with the cam follower 2 through their other respective profiles c2 and f2. Consequently, the process described in the previous paragraphs takes place in reverse and the two crown gears G1, G2 will finally be in mesh again, with no offset teeth.
An essential feature of the invention is the geometry (namely apex angle and height) of the crown gears G1, G2 teeth. If said geometry is out of the specified ranges, the safety hinge either cannot operate at all (because a more acute tooth apex angle together with a higher tooth height make impossible the translation of the second crown gear G2), or operates ineffectively (because a more obtuse tooth apex angle together with a lower tooth height do not provide notable sensory warnings to the user).

Claims

Safety hinge for a vertical door, comprising:
- a cam (1) provided with:
a first vertical cam profile (c1) and

a second vertical cam profile (c2) that is symmetrical to the first vertical cam profile (c1),

- a cam follower (2) provided with:
a first vertical cam follower profile (f1) configured to work in conjunction with the first vertical cam profile (c1), and

a second vertical cam follower profile (f2), that is symmetrical to the first vertical cam follower profile (f1), configured to work in conjunction with the second vertical cam profile (c2),
the cam follower (2) being fixed at its top to a first crown gear (G1) that has upwards oriented teeth and has freedom of rotation about its vertical central axis,

- a second crown gear (G2):
- situated above and in contact with the first crown gear (G1),

- has downwards oriented teeth, having a same pitch as that of the first crown gear (G1),

- has only freedom of translation along its vertical central axis that coincides with the vertical central axis of the first crown gear (G1),

- each tooth of the first and second crown gears (G1, G2) has an identical apex angle in the range 100 ÷ 130 degrees, and has a same height in the range of 2 ÷ 3.5 mm,

- an elastic element (3) exerting a vertical compression force on the second crown gear (G2), thereby ensuring a permanent contact between the teeth of the second crown gear (G2) and the teeth of the first crown gear (G1),

- the safety hinge having
a first resting position wherein the first crown gear (G1) is in mesh with the second crown gear (G2), and

a second resting position wherein
- the first crown gear (G1) is in mesh with the second crown gear (G2), and

- the teeth of the first crown gear (G1) are offset with one pitch in respect to the teeth of the second crown gear (G2), in comparison to the first resting position,

- the safety hinge being configured to:
- move from the first resting position into the second resting position by moving the cam (1) such that the first vertical cam profile (c1) drives the first vertical cam follower profile (f1),

- move from the second resting position back into the first resting position by moving the cam (1) such that the second vertical cam profile (c2) drives the second vertical cam follower profile (f2).
Safety hinge according to claim 1, wherein
- the cam (1) is provided with a first central circular through hole (h1),

- the first crown gear (G1) is provided with a second central circular through hole (h2),

- the second crown gear (G2) is provided with:
- a third central circular through hole (h3),

- an annular seating (6) fixed concentrically with and inside the third central circular through hole (h3),

- a pair of diametrically opposed guides (g2), situated on an outer lateral surface of the second crown gear (G2),

- the elastic element (3) is a helical spring (3) provided with a plurality of coils,
the safety hinge further comprising:
- a hollow member (4), fixable to a frame (F), and provided with an upper opening and a lower opening,
- the interior of the hollow member (4) having a substantially cylindrical shape bounded respectively by said upper and lower openings, and being provided with a pair of diametrically opposed grooves (g1) along the entire height of the hollow member (4) such that each guide (g2) of the second crown gear (G2) is slidable along a respective groove (g1),

- a cover (5) removably fixed to the hollow member (4) and covering the upper opening thereof,

- an abutment body (B) fixed to the cam (1), said body (B) being fixable to a door (D), configured to operate in conjunction with said frame (F),

- a pin (7) passing through the first (h1), second (h2) and third (h3) central circular through holes, as well as through several coils of the helical spring (3), and having its lower end fixed to the abutment body (B),
wherein
- the cam (1) is partially housed within the hollow member (4) and partially protruding through the lower opening of the hollow member (4),

- the cam follower (2) is partially housed within the hollow member (4) and partially protruding through the lower opening of the hollow member (4) such that the lower part of the cam follower (2) freely abuts on the abutment body (B),

- the first crown gear (G1) and the second crown gear (G2) are both totally housed within the hollow member (4),

- the helical spring (3) is totally housed within the hollow member (1), and has its upper extremity in contact with the cover (5) and its lower extremity in contact with the annular seating (6),

- the cam (1) is rotatable about the pin (7) in both clockwise and anti-clockwise directions.
Safety hinge according to claim 2, wherein the angle of rotation of the cam (1) about the pin (7), corresponding to movement of the safety hinge from the first resting position to the second resting position, is in the range 105 ÷ 120 degrees, preferably 110 degrees.
Vertical door provided with a safety hinge according to any of the claims 1-3.
Vertical door according to claim 4, wherein the vertical door is a vertical door of a refrigerator cabinet.