EP4247524A1 - Element for separating a liquid medium with high parietal shear stress - Google Patents

Element for separating a liquid medium with high parietal shear stress

Info

Publication number
EP4247524A1
EP4247524A1 EP21830448.3A EP21830448A EP4247524A1 EP 4247524 A1 EP4247524 A1 EP 4247524A1 EP 21830448 A EP21830448 A EP 21830448A EP 4247524 A1 EP4247524 A1 EP 4247524A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
porous support
circulation
internal connection
connection system
collection
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP21830448.3A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Philippe Lescoche
Jérôme ANQUETIL
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Technologies Avancees et Membranes Industrielles SA
Original Assignee
Technologies Avancees et Membranes Industrielles SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Technologies Avancees et Membranes Industrielles SA filed Critical Technologies Avancees et Membranes Industrielles SA
Publication of EP4247524A1 publication Critical patent/EP4247524A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D63/06—Tubular membrane modules
    • B01D63/066—Tubular membrane modules with a porous block having membrane coated passages
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
    • B01D67/0002—Organic membrane manufacture
    • B01D67/0004—Organic membrane manufacture by agglomeration of particles
    • B01D67/00045—Organic membrane manufacture by agglomeration of particles by additive layer techniques, e.g. selective laser sintering [SLS], selective laser melting [SLM] or 3D printing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
    • B01D67/0039—Inorganic membrane manufacture
    • B01D67/0041—Inorganic membrane manufacture by agglomeration of particles in the dry state
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
    • B01D67/0039—Inorganic membrane manufacture
    • B01D67/0041—Inorganic membrane manufacture by agglomeration of particles in the dry state
    • B01D67/00415—Inorganic membrane manufacture by agglomeration of particles in the dry state by additive layer techniques, e.g. selective laser sintering [SLS], selective laser melting [SLM] or 3D printing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
    • C04B38/0051—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof characterised by the pore size, pore shape or kind of porosity
    • C04B38/0054—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof characterised by the pore size, pore shape or kind of porosity the pores being microsized or nanosized
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/00793—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as filters or diaphragms

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of separation elements by tangential flow of a liquid medium to be treated into a filtrate or permeate and a retentate, commonly called filtration membranes.
  • the invention relates to new geometries of these separation elements making it possible to increase the flow of the filtrate and/or to reduce the energy consumption of the installations implementing these separation elements.
  • a membrane constitutes a selective barrier which allows, under the action of a transfer force, the passage or the stopping of certain components of the fluid medium to be treated.
  • the passage or the stoppage of the components results from their size compared to the size of the pores of the membrane which then behaves like a filter.
  • these techniques are called microfiltration, ultrafiltration or nanofiltration.
  • the membranes are generally made up of a porous support which provides the mechanical strength of the membrane and which, defining the number and morphology of the circulation veins for the liquid medium to be treated, determines the total filtering surface of the membrane. It is in fact on the inner walls of these circulation veins that a layer called a separating layer, a filtration layer, a layer of separation, active layer or skin provides separation. During the separation, the transfer of the filtered liquid medium takes place through the separating layer, then this liquid spreads in the porous texture of the support to move towards the outer perimeter surface of the porous support.
  • This part of the liquid to be treated having passed through the separation layer and the porous support is called permeate or filtrate and is recovered by a collection system.
  • the other part is called retentate and is most often reinjected into the liquid to be treated upstream of the membrane, thanks to a circulation loop.
  • the main antagonistic phenomenon to the transfer of the filtrate through the separation layer is the appearance of clogging resulting from a concentration polarization, a deposit or a blockage of the pores.
  • a drop in the permeation flow which is the consequence of said clogging of the separation layer and which can sometimes be extremely strong and rapid.
  • the phenomenon of concentration polarization operates during a filtration operation when the macromolecules present in the liquid medium to be treated are concentrated at the membrane/solution interface where they exert an osmotic counter-pressure opposite to the separation force. or retrodiffuse in the core of the liquid medium to be treated according to Fick's law.
  • the phenomenon of concentration polarization results from the accumulation of the compounds retained in the vicinity of the membrane due to the permeation of the solvent.
  • the parietal shear stress represents the forces applied by the fluid flowing tangentially to the surface of the membrane on a membrane surface element.
  • the parietal shear stress T P in such a circulation stream is greater than that in a circulation stream with a circular or square cross section, thus allowing a more effective unclogging and a gain in permeation flow.
  • patent FR 2 696 653 describes a filtration unit comprising a rigid porous structure interposed between a thrust plate and a counter-thrust plate.
  • the rigid porous structure has flat main faces covered by a separating layer in contact with the liquid medium to be treated flowing between these main faces and the thrust and counter-thrust plates.
  • This solution requires the implementation of thrust and counter-thrust plates.
  • the object of the invention proposes to provide new rigid filtration elements with a geometry adapted to ensure effective unclogging in order to increase the flow of the filtrate while having ease of manufacture.
  • the object of the invention relates to an element for separating a liquid medium to be separated into a permeate and a retentate comprising:
  • An inorganic one-piece rigid porous support having, on one side, a first outer flat surface and, on an opposite side, a second outer flat surface connected to the first outer flat surface by at least one outer connecting surface;
  • At least two circulation veins for the liquid medium provided in the porous support to each have a rectangular cross section
  • the porous support arranged in the porous support to distribute from an inlet provided in the porous support, the liquid medium, in a series of circulation veins and at least one internal connection system for the collection of the retentate, provided in the porous support to collect up to an outlet provided in the porous support, the retentate from the series of circulation streams, the internal connection system for distribution, the circulation streams and the internal connection system for collection being provided with at least one separating layer continuously deposited between the inlet and the outlet of the porous support so that the liquid medium circulating in the porous support between the inlet and the outlet, is only in contact with the said separating layer, the porous support having a continuity of material and of porous texture and a mechanical resistance making it possible to avoid rupture of the porous support for a pressure difference of the liquid medium of at least one bar between the separating layer and the surface of its part of the permeate;
  • the porous support is obtained by implementing an additive method adapted so that the porosity of the porous material ensures the routing of the permeate having passed through the separating layer or layers.
  • the constituent material of the porous support has a maximum admissible bending stress of at least 10 MPa.
  • the rectangular cross section of the circulation veins has two dimensions, one of the dimensions of which is at least four times smaller than the other dimension.
  • circulation veins are arranged in the porous support parallel to each other.
  • At least one circulation vein has a flexible shape while following the main direction of circulation of the fluid to be treated.
  • each circulation vein has a periodic flexible shape.
  • each circulation stream has a constant cross section over its entire extent between the internal connection system for distribution and the internal connection system for collection.
  • the circulation veins are delimited by two parallel faces which are perpendicular or parallel to at least two external flat surfaces of the porous support.
  • the internal connection system for distribution and the internal connection system for collection open onto the outside of the porous support through one or more orifices or end pieces provided at the level of an external flat surface. or at an outer bonding surface.
  • the internal connection system for the distribution and the internal connection system for the collection are arranged asymmetrically on either side of the circulation veins.
  • the internal connection system for the distribution and the internal connection system for the collection are arranged symmetrically on either side of the circulation streams.
  • the permeate collection system comprises spaces arranged inside the porous support to collect the permeate having passed through the separating layer or layers.
  • the permeate collection system opens onto the outside of the porous support via one or more orifices or end pieces for collecting said permeate.
  • the first outer planar surface, the second outer planar surface and the outer connecting surface are sealed.
  • the permeate collection system is arranged hollow in at least one flat outer surface of the porous support to collect the permeate having passed through the separating layer or layers, the rest of the outer planar surface not provided with a recess being sealed.
  • the porous support comprises end pieces sealed externally, delimiting the inlet of the internal connection system for distribution and the outlet of the internal connection system for collection.
  • the end pieces extend in directions whose angles relative to the main direction of circulation of the liquid medium are between 0° and 90°.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a separation unit comprising at least one separation element mounted in an apparatus provided with connections to ensure on the one hand the inlet of the liquid medium to be treated and the outlet of the retentate as well as on the other hand the collection of the permeate whose end pieces delimit the inlet of the internal connection system for the distribution of the liquid medium to be treated and the outlet of the internal connection system for the collection of the retentate, the permeate collection end pieces state equipped with connections fixed in a sealed manner to said end pieces.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic representation in longitudinal section taken substantially along section lines B-B of Figure 2, of a separating element illustrating the general principle of the subject of the invention.
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the spacer, taken substantially along section lines A-A of Figure 1.
  • Figure 3 is a perspective view illustrating a first exemplary embodiment of a separating element according to the invention relating to the connection end fitting mode.
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the lines
  • Figure 5 is a longitudinal sectional view taken along the lines
  • FIG. 6 is a perspective view illustrating another exemplary embodiment of a separating element according to the invention relating to the mode with connection end fittings.
  • Figure 7 is a sectional plan view taken along lines VII-VII of FIG. 6.
  • Figure 8 is a plan sectional view taken along the lines
  • Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along the lines
  • Figure 10 is a longitudinal sectional view taken along the lines
  • Figure 11 is a perspective view similar to FIG. 6 illustrating another exemplary embodiment for the connecting endpieces of the separating element according to the invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a perspective view illustrating another exemplary embodiment of a separating element according to the invention of identical design to the exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIG. 6 but with an inlet and an outlet for the liquid medium, made asymmetrically.
  • Figure 13 is a perspective view similar to FIG. 12, illustrating another exemplary embodiment with threaded connection ends.
  • Figure 13A is a perspective view with a longitudinal section taken substantially along the lines A-A of FIG. 13.
  • Figure 13B is a longitudinal sectional view taken substantially along lines B-B of FIG. 13.
  • Figure 13C is a cross-sectional view taken substantially along lines C-C of FIG. 13.
  • Figure 13D is a plan sectional view taken substantially along lines DD of FIG. 13.
  • Figure 14 is a perspective view illustrating another embodiment of a separation element according to the invention relating to the mode with connection orifices, produced in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped with the circulation veins of the liquid medium laid out perpendicular to the outer flat surfaces.
  • Figure 15 is a plan sectional view taken along lines XV-XV of FIG. 14.
  • Figure 16 is a cross-sectional view taken along the lines
  • Figure 17 is a cross-sectional view taken along the lines
  • Figure 18 is a longitudinal sectional view taken along the lines XVIII-XVIII of FIG. 14.
  • Figure 19 is a perspective view illustrating another embodiment of a separation element according to the invention relating to the mode with connection orifices, produced in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped and comprising a recovery system permeate only on the surface of the porous support.
  • Figure 20 is a plan sectional view taken along the lines XX-XX of FIG. 19.
  • Figure 21 is a cross-sectional view taken along the lines
  • Figure 22 is a longitudinal sectional view taken along the lines
  • Figure 23 is a view in longitudinal section of an alternative embodiment similar to FIG. 22 and in which the circulation veins of the liquid medium are arranged in two superimposed rows.
  • Figure 24 is a view illustrating in negative the circulation veins and the permeate recovery system of the alternative embodiment illustrated in FIG. 23.
  • Figure 25 is a perspective view illustrating another exemplary embodiment of a separation element according to the invention, relating to the mode with connection orifices produced in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped with the circulation veins of the liquid medium arranged parallel to the outer flat surfaces.
  • Figure 26 is a cross-sectional view taken along lines XXVI-XXVI of FIG. 25.
  • Figure I is a longitudinal sectional view taken along lines XXVII-XXVII of FIG. 25.
  • Figure 28 is a cross-sectional view taken along lines XXVIII-XXVIII of FIG. 25.
  • Figure 29 is a plan sectional view taken along lines XXIX-XXIX of FIG. 25.
  • Figure 30 is a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of commercial equipment provided with connections for the connection of a separation element falling under the mode with connection orifices and conforming to one of the variants illustrated in Figs. 14 to 29.
  • Figure 31 is an exploded view of the embodiment of the apparatus illustrated in FIG. 30.
  • the object of the invention relates to a separation element 1, by tangential flow of a liquid medium M to be separated into a permeate or filtrate P and a retentate R.
  • This liquid medium to be treated can be of any kind.
  • the separating element 1 comprises a porous support 2 rigid inorganic monobloc having on one side, a first outer flat surface 3 and on an opposite side, a second outer flat surface 4 connected to the first outer flat surface by at least one connecting surface 5.
  • At least two circulation veins 6 for the liquid medium to be treated are arranged in the porous support 2 by being provided on their inner faces with at least one separating layer.
  • the porous support 2 has a rigid first flat outer surface 3 and a second flat outer surface 4 located opposite or vis-à-vis one another
  • the separating element 1 has optimized geometry. It should be noted that in the example illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, the first outer flat surface 3 and the second outer flat surface 4 are not mutually parallel. According to a preferred embodiment variant illustrated in FIGS. 3 et seq., the first outer planar surface 3 and the second outer planar surface 4 are mutually parallel, offering the possibility of stacking the separating elements 1 on top of each other.
  • the connecting surface 5 between these two outer planar surfaces 3, 4 can be produced in any appropriate manner, for example by a curved surface or a planar surface perpendicular to the outer planar surfaces 3, 4 by defining one or more connection faces.
  • This connecting surface 5 can define, for example, two mutually parallel connecting faces as illustrated in FIGS. 3 to 11 or four connecting faces parallel to each other two by two as illustrated in FIGS. 14 et seq. so that the porous support 2 has the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped.
  • the body constituting the porous support 2 has a porous texture.
  • This porous texture is characterized by the average pore diameter. It is recalled that by average pore diameter is meant the d50 value of a volume distribution for which 50% of the total pore volume corresponds to the volume of pores with a diameter less than this d50.
  • the volume distribution is the curve (analytical function) representing the frequencies of the pore volumes as a function of their diameter.
  • the d50 corresponds to the median dividing into two equal parts the area located under the frequency curve obtained by mercury penetration.
  • the porosity of the porous support which corresponds to the total volume of interconnected voids (pores) present in the material under consideration, is a physical quantity which conditions the flow and retention capacities of said porous body.
  • the total interconnected open porosity must be at least 10% for a satisfactory flow of filtrate through the support, and at most 60% in order to guarantee an appropriate mechanical strength of the porous support.
  • the porosity of a porous support can be measured by determining the volume of a liquid contained in said porous body by weighing said material before and after a prolonged stay in said liquid (water or other solvent). Knowing the respective densities of the material considered and of the liquid used, the mass difference, converted into volume, is directly representative of the volume of the pores and therefore of the total open porosity of the porous support.
  • this technique which uses either neutron radiation or X-rays, gives access to physical quantities averaged over the entire sample.
  • the measurement consists of analyzing the angular distribution of the intensity scattered by the sample;
  • the porous support 2 has an average pore diameter belonging to the range from 0.5 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m.
  • the porosity of the porous support 2 is between 10 and 60%, preferably between 20 and 50%.
  • the porosity of the porous support 2 is open, that is to say it forms a network of interconnected pores in three dimensions, which allows the fluid filtered by the separating layer(s) to pass through all or part of the porous support 2 as far as a system 7 for collecting the permeate P having passed through the separating layer(s).
  • the permeate P collection system 7 is arranged in the porous support 2 or as illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 5, outside the porous support 2.
  • the collection system 7 of the permeate P opens onto the outside of the porous support 2 by one or several orifices 8 or nozzles 9 for collecting the permeate communicating with an external circuit for recovering the permeate.
  • an external permeate recovery circuit can be made in any appropriate way and comprises in particular, for example, either an apparatus provided with connections as described in FIGS. 30 and 31 when the collection system 7 opens onto the outside of the porous support 2 through orifices 8 or pipes provided with connections intended to be fixed in a sealed manner to the end pieces 9 when the collection system 7 opens onto the outside of the porous support 2 by such end pieces.
  • the separating layer(s) used in the context of the invention ensure the filtration of the liquid medium to be treated.
  • Filtration separator layers by definition, must have an average pore diameter smaller than that of the porous support.
  • the separating layers delimit the surface of the tangential flow separation element intended to be in contact with the liquid medium to be treated and along which the liquid medium to be treated will circulate.
  • the thicknesses of the separating filtration layers typically vary between 1 ⁇ m and 100 ⁇ m in thickness.
  • the separating layers have an average pore diameter smaller than the average pore diameter of the porous support.
  • the average pore diameter of the separating filtration layers is at least less by a factor of 3, and preferably, by at least a factor of 5 with respect to that of the porous support.
  • the microfiltration separator layers have an average pore diameter of between 0.1 ⁇ m and 10 ⁇ m;
  • the ultrafiltration separating layers have an average pore diameter of between 10 nm and 0.1 ⁇ m;
  • the nanofiltration separating layers have an average pore diameter of between 0.5 nm and 10 nm.
  • this micro or ultrafiltration layer called active layer, it is possible for this micro or ultrafiltration layer, called active layer, to be deposited directly on the porous support, or even on an intermediate layer of smaller average pore diameter, itself deposited directly on the porous support. .
  • the separation layer may, for example, consist of a ceramic, chosen from oxides, nitrides, carbides or other ceramic materials and their mixtures, and, in particular, of titanium oxide, of alumina, zirconia or a mixture thereof, titanium nitride, aluminum nitride, boron nitride, silicon carbide optionally mixed with another ceramic material.
  • a ceramic chosen from oxides, nitrides, carbides or other ceramic materials and their mixtures, and, in particular, of titanium oxide, of alumina, zirconia or a mixture thereof, titanium nitride, aluminum nitride, boron nitride, silicon carbide optionally mixed with another ceramic material.
  • the separation layer can also, for example, consist of one or more polymers such as PAN, PS, PSS, PES, PVDF, cellulose acetate or other polymers.
  • the separation element 1 comprises at least one internal connection system for the distribution 10 of the medium liquid to be treated, provided in the porous support 2 to distribute from at least one inlet 11 provided in the porous support 2, the liquid medium to be treated, in a series of circulation veins 6.
  • the separation element 1 comprises also at least one internal connection system for the collection 12 of the treated liquid medium, arranged in the porous support 2 to collect up to at least one outlet 13 arranged in the porous support 2, the treated liquid medium coming from the series of veins circulation 2.
  • the internal connection system for the distribution 10, the series of circulation veins 6 and the internal connection system for the collection 12 are formed by empty spaces for the circulation of the liquid medium c' that is to say by areas of the porous support 2 not comprising any porous material.
  • the internal connection system for the distribution 10 is arranged so as to distribute the liquid medium in a series of circulation veins 6 from an inlet 11 for the liquid medium M arranged in the porous support 2.
  • this internal connection system for distribution 10 comprises, from an inlet 11, a common inlet section 10e opening out into a bifurcation or crossing 10b produced by the porous support to comprise as many distribution channels as circulation veins 6
  • the internal distribution connection system 10 opens via its inlet 11 onto the outside of the porous support 10 via one or more end pieces 15 or orifices 16 arranged at the level of an external flat surface 3, 4 or at an external connecting surface 5.
  • the inlet 11 for the liquid medium to be treated communicates with an external circulation circuit which can be made in any appropriate way.
  • This external circulation circuit comprises in particular, for example, either an apparatus provided with connections as described for example in FIGS. 30 and 31 when the internal connection system for distribution 10 opens onto the outside of the porous support 2 through orifices 16 or pipes provided with connections intended to be fixed in a sealed manner to the end pieces 15 when the internal connection system for the distribution 10 opens onto the outside of the porous support 2 via such end pieces 15.
  • the internal connection system for the collection 12 is arranged in the porous support 2 to recover the liquid medium from the liquid streams and convey it to the outlet 13 arranged in the porous support 2 and ensuring the evacuation of the retentate R.
  • the internal connection system for the collection 12 comprises, from an outlet 13, a common outlet section 12s opening into a branch or crossing 12e made by the porous support to comprise as many paths of collection only of circulation veins 6.
  • the internal connection system for the collection 12 emerges via the outlet 13, on the outside of the porous support 2 by one or more end pieces 15 or orifices 16 arranged at the level of an outer planar surface 3, 4 or at the level of an outer connecting surface 5.
  • the outlet 13 for the retentate communicates with an external circulation circuit which can be be done in any appropriate way.
  • This external circulation circuit comprises in particular, for example, either an apparatus provided with connections as described for example in FIGS.
  • the internal connection system for the distribution 10 and the internal connection system for the collection 12 are arranged asymmetrically on either side of the circulation veins 6. It should be noted that the internal connection system for the distribution 10 and the internal connection system for the collection 12 can be arranged symmetrically on either side of the circulation veins 6, as in the examples illustrated in FIGS. 3 and following.
  • the separating element 1 comprises two circulation veins 6 communicating on one side with an inlet 11, via the internal connection system for the distribution 10 and on the opposite side with an outlet 13 via the internal connection system for collection 12.
  • the separation element 1 may comprise between an inlet 11 and an outlet 13, a series of circulation veins 6 greater than two.
  • the separation element 1 can comprise several inlets 11 and several outlets 13, as well as several series of circulation veins 6, each of which communicates with an inlet 11 and an outlet 13.
  • the internal connection system 10 for the distribution of the liquid medium to be treated, the circulation veins 6 and the internal connection system for the collection 12 of the treated liquid medium are provided with at least one separator layer continuously deposited between the inlet 11 and the outlet 13 of the porous support 2 so that the liquid medium circulating in the porous support 2 between the inlet 11 and the outlet 13 is only in contact with said separator layer .
  • the internal faces of the internal connection system for the distribution 10, of the circulation veins 6 and of the internal connection system for the collection 12 are provided with at least one separating layer. It follows that the liquid medium circulates in the porous support 2 while only being in contact with a separating layer.
  • the circulation veins 6 for the liquid medium to be treated are arranged in the porous support 2 to each have a rectangular cross section defined by two long sides parallel to each other of length a and two short sides parallel to each other of width b.
  • the rectangular cross section of the circulation veins 6 is taken perpendicular to the flow lines of the liquid to be treated.
  • the sides of the rectangular cross section of the circulation veins 6 are not necessarily rectilinear.
  • all the sides of the rectangular cross section of the circulation streams 6 are rectilinear.
  • the rectangular cross section of the circulation veins 6 is constant along their entire length or extended, namely over the distance taken between the internal system connection for distribution 10 and the internal connection system for collection 12.
  • one of the dimensions namely the width b of the short sides of the rectangular cross section
  • the width b of the short sides of the rectangular straight section is between 4 and 80 times less than the length a of the long sides of the rectangular straight section of the circulation veins 6.
  • the circulation veins 6 are arranged in the porous support 2 while not being parallel to each other.
  • the circulation veins 6 are arranged in the porous support 2 parallel to each other. It should be noted that in the examples illustrated in Figs. 3 to 13 and 25 to 29, the circulation veins 6 are delimited by two parallel flat faces which are parallel to the two external flat surfaces 3, 4 of the porous support 2 whereas in the examples of FIGS. 14 to 24, the two parallel planar faces of the circulation veins 6 are perpendicular to the two outer planar surfaces 3, 4 of the porous support 2.
  • the porous support 2 may comprise at least one circulation vein 6 with a flexuous volume while following the main direction of circulation of the fluid to be treated; a flexuous volume being defined by the displacement around a reference axis along a curvilinear trajectory, of a planar generating section, this reference axis not crossing said generating section and being contained in the volume of the porous support.
  • At least one circulation vein has a periodic flexuous shape.
  • FIG. 3 to 5 illustrate an embodiment of a separating element
  • This separation element 1 made in the form of a flattened block of generally rectangular shape provided with end pieces 15 intended to be connected to an external circulation circuit for the liquid medium.
  • This separation element 1 comprises a porous support 2 comprising a first outer planar surface 3 and a second outer planar surface 4 parallel to each other located opposite and connected to each other by a connecting surface 5 arranged to form two faces of connection parallel to each other and two end pieces 15 at each of the two opposite ends of the porous support 2.
  • the end pieces 15 extend in a direction whose angle with respect to the main direction of circulation of the fluid to be treated is equal to 0°.
  • the end pieces 15 can extend in different directions, such as in directions whose angles relative to the main direction of circulation of the liquid medium are between 0° and 90°.
  • Two circulation veins 6 are arranged in the porous support 2 parallel to each other and facing each other and each have a rectangular cross section with a width at least four times less than the length. These two circulation veins 10 are parallel to the outer flat surfaces 3, 4. These circulation veins 6 are connected on one side with the internal connection system for the distribution 10 arranged in the porous support 2 and on the other side, with the internal connection system for the collection 12 arranged in the porous support 2.
  • the internal connection system for the distribution 10 leads to the outside of the porous support
  • the collection system 7 of the permeate P is not arranged in the porous support 2 so that the permeate is collected at the level of the outer flat surfaces 3, 4 and of the connecting surface 5. Also, the collection system 7 which is located outside the porous support 2, is produced by all systems suitable for recovering the permeate coming out of the outer surface of the porous support 2, as a receptacle.
  • FIGs. 6 to 10 illustrate another embodiment of a separation element 1 made in the form of a flattened block of generally rectangular shape provided with end pieces 15 intended to be connected to an external circulation circuit for the liquid medium and end pieces 9 intended to connect to an external permeate collection circuit, the permeate collection system 7 arranged in the porous support 2 .
  • This separation element 1 comprises a porous support 2 comprising a first outer flat surface 3 and a second outer flat surface 4 parallel to each other and opposite each other by being connected to each other by a connecting surface 5 arranged to form two parallel connecting faces 51 between they.
  • These two connecting faces 51 are connected to each other at each of their ends, by the connecting surface 5 arranged to form, at one end, an end piece 15 delimiting the inlet 11 for the liquid medium and an end piece 9 for collecting the permeate and at the other end, a nozzle 15 for the outlet 13 of the retentate R and another nozzle 9 for collecting the permeate.
  • the two end pieces 15 for the fluid medium and the retentate are aligned along the longitudinal axis of the separation element 1 while the permeate collection end pieces 9 are arranged symmetrically on either side. end pieces 15 for the fluid medium and the retentate.
  • the end pieces 9, 15 extend in a direction whose angle relative to the main direction of circulation of the fluid to be treated is equal to 0° but it is clear that the end pieces 9, 15 can extend along different directions such as in directions whose angles relative to the main direction of circulation of the liquid medium are between 0° and 90°.
  • Two veins 6 of circulation are arranged in the porous support 2 parallel to each other and each have a rectangular cross section with a width substantially thirty times less than the length. These two circulation veins 6 are parallel to the outer flat surfaces 3, 4. These circulation veins 6 are connected on one side with the system internal connection for distribution 10 and on the other side, with the internal connection system for collection 12.
  • the internal connection system for distribution 10 comprises a common inlet section 10e formed by a tubular duct arranged in the endpiece 15 and leading to the outside of the porous support 2 at the end of the endpiece 15 , through entrance 11 (Fig. 10).
  • the common inlet section 10e communicates opposite the inlet 11 via a bifurcation 10b arranged in the porous support, with the two circulation veins 6.
  • the internal connection system for the collection 12 comprises a common outlet section 12s formed by a tubular duct arranged in the endpiece 15 and opening onto the outside of the porous support 2, at the end of the endpiece, via the outlet 13.
  • the common outlet section 12s communicates with the opposite the outlet 13, via a 12th branch arranged in the porous support 2, with the two circulation veins 6.
  • the internal connection system for the distribution 10 and the internal connection system for the collection 12 are arranged symmetrically on either side of the circulation veins 6, so that the end pieces 15 are centered on the longitudinal axis passing through the middle of the porous support 2.
  • the internal faces of the internal connection system for the distribution 10, the internal faces of the circulation veins 6 and the faces internal connection system for internal collection 12 are provided with at least one separating layer.
  • the collection system 7 for the permeate P is arranged in the porous support 2 so that the outer flat surfaces 3, 4 and the connecting surface 5 are sealed.
  • the end pieces 15 delimiting the inlet 11 and the outlet 13 and the two end pieces 9 for collecting the permeate which are formed by the connecting surface 5, are also sealed externally.
  • the collection system 7 comprises a network of eight channels 7a arranged in the support 2 parallel to each other according to the same plane and between the two veins circulation 6 to recover the permeate P having passed through the separating layer or layers and the support 2.
  • the channels 7a are separated from each other by longitudinal partitions 2a and are separated from the circulation streams 6 by separating partitions 2b.
  • channels 7a communicate with each other at each end, by a collecting channel 7c extending by a duct 7d arranged in an end piece 9 to emerge outside the porous support 2, at the end of the end piece 9.
  • a first outlet nozzle 9 for the permeate P is arranged parallel to the nozzle 15 defining the inlet 11 for the liquid medium, while a second outlet nozzle 9 for the permeate P is arranged parallel to the tip 15 defining the outlet 13 for the liquid medium.
  • the end pieces 9, 15 for connection respectively to an external permeate recovery circuit and to the liquid medium supply and retentate outlet circuits are of the fluted tubular type.
  • the ends 9, 15 of connection can be arranged to present a connection system of a different type.
  • Fig. 11 illustrates an embodiment of a separation element 1 identical to the example illustrated in FIGS. 6 to 10 with the difference that the end pieces 9, 15 are smooth.
  • the end pieces 9, 15 can be threaded.
  • FIGS. 12 and 13, 13A-13D illustrate another embodiment of a separation element 1 of identical design to the example illustrated in FIGS. 6 to 10, with the difference that the internal connection system 10 for the distribution of the liquid medium to be treated and the internal connection system 12 for the collection of the treated liquid medium are arranged asymmetrically on either side of the veins of circulation 6.
  • the common elements between the separating element 1 described in FIGS. 6 to 10 and this other embodiment will not be repeated.
  • the end piece 15 defining the inlet 11 for the liquid medium is offset on one side with respect to the longitudinal axis passing through the middle of the porous support 2 while the end piece 15 defining the outlet 13 for the permeate P is offset on the other side with respect to the longitudinal axis passing through the middle of the porous support 2.
  • the separation element 1 comprises at each of its ends, an outlet nozzle 9 for the permeate P extending symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal axis passing through the middle of the porous support 2A, with a tip 15 defining the inlet 11 or the outlet 13.
  • this separation element 1 of generally flattened rectangular shape thus comprises, at a first end, an end piece 15 defining the inlet 11 and aligned with an outlet end piece 9 for the permeate located at the second end. while this second end is provided with a nozzle 15 defining the outlet 13 and aligned with an outlet nozzle 9 for the permeate.
  • Six circulation veins 6 are arranged in the porous support 2 parallel to each other and each have a rectangular cross section with a width of the short sides substantially 50 times less than the length of the long sides. These six circulation veins 6 are parallel to the outer flat surfaces 3, 4. These circulation veins 6 are connected on one side with the internal connection system for the distribution 10 and on the other side, with the internal connection system for collection 12.
  • the internal connection system for distribution 10 comprises a common inlet section 10e formed by a tubular duct arranged in the endpiece 15 and leading to the outside of the porous support 2 at the end of the endpiece 15 , through inlet 11 (FIG. 13B).
  • the common inlet section 10e communicates opposite the inlet 11 via a bifurcation 10b arranged in the porous support 2, with the six circulation veins 6.
  • the internal connection system for the collection 12 comprises a common outlet section 12s formed by a tubular duct arranged in the end piece 15 and opening onto the outside of the porous support 2, at the end of the end piece, via the outlet 13 (FIG. 13A).
  • the common outlet section 12s communicates opposite the outlet 13, via a 12th branch arranged in the porous support 2, with the six circulation veins 6.
  • the internal connection system for distribution 10 and the internal connection system for collection 12 are arranged asymmetrically on either side of the circulation veins 6.
  • the internal faces of the internal connection system for the distribution 10, the internal faces of the circulation veins 6 and the internal faces of the internal connection system for collection 12 are provided with at least one separating layer.
  • the collection system 7 for the permeate P is arranged in the porous support 2 so that the outer flat surfaces 3, 4 and the connecting surface 5 are sealed.
  • the end pieces 15 delimiting the inlet 11 and the outlet 13 and the two end pieces 9 for collecting the permeate which are formed by the connecting surface 5, are also sealed externally.
  • the collection system 7 comprises a network of seven channels 7a arranged parallel to each other and to the outer flat surfaces 3, 4, each in the form of a layer.
  • the channels 7a are interposed between the circulation veins 6 and the flat outer surfaces 3, 4, being separated from the circulation veins 6 by partitions 2b so as to recover the permeate P having passed through the separating layer(s) and the partitions 2b of the support 2.
  • These channels 7a communicate with each other via a collection chamber 7c extending by a duct 7d arranged in each end piece 9 to emerge outside the porous support 2, at the end of the end piece 9, as illustrated in Fig. 13D for example.
  • Fig. 13D shows the shape of the partitions 2b arranged in the porous support 2 to delimit the channels 7a but also the bifurcation 10b and the branch 12e.
  • FIG. 12 illustrates an embodiment of a separation element 1 for which the end pieces 9, 15 are smooth whereas in the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 13, the ends 9, 15 are threaded.
  • FIGS. 14 to 18 illustrate another exemplary embodiment of a separation element 1 relating to the mode with connection orifices and produced in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped block intended to be mounted in an apparatus 20 illustrated in FIGS. 30 and 31 and provided with connections to ensure on the one hand the inlet of the liquid medium to be treated and the outlet of the retentate as well as on the other hand the collection permeate.
  • This separation element 1 comprises a porous support 2 comprising a first outer planar surface 3 and a second outer planar surface 4 parallel to each other and opposite to each other, being connected to each other by a connecting surface 5 arranged to form two large connecting faces 5g parallel to each other and connected to each other at their ends by two small connecting faces 5p parallel to each other.
  • the separation element 1 comprises five inlets 11 for the liquid medium M and five outlets 13 for the retentate R opening out onto the outside of the porous support 10 through orifices 16 arranged at the level of the outer flat surface 3, or also as illustrated in FIG. 17, at the level of the second outer surface 4 to allow superimposed mounting of the separation elements 1 and communication for the fluid medium between the separation elements.
  • the separation element 1 also comprises two superimposed rows of five series of circulation veins 6, each of which communicates with an inlet 11 via the internal connection system for the distribution 10 and an outlet 13 via the internal connection system for collection 12.
  • three series comprise three circulation veins 6 while two series comprise two circulation veins 6.
  • These circulation veins 6 are arranged in the porous support 2 parallel to each other, being separated by partitions of separation 2b. These circulation veins 6 each have a rectangular cross section with a width substantially ten times less than the length. These circulation veins 6 are perpendicular to the outer flat surfaces 3, 4.
  • These circulation veins 6 are connected on one side with the internal connection system for the distribution 10 comprising for each series of circulation veins, an inlet section 10th common formed by a tubular conduit communicating via a bifurcation 10b arranged in the porous support 2, with all the veins of a series and emerging on at least one and in the example illustrated on the two external flat surfaces 3, 4 through the orifices 16.
  • circulation veins 6 are connected on the other side, with the internal system connection for the collection 12 comprising for each series of circulation veins, a common outlet section 12s formed by a tubular conduit communicating via a branch 12e arranged in the porous support 2, with all the veins of a series and leading to at least least one, and in the example shown, on the two outer flat surfaces 3, 4, through the orifices 16.
  • the internal connection system for the distribution 10 and the internal connection system for the collection 12 are arranged in the porous support 2 symmetrically on either side of the veins. of circulation 6, with the orifices 16 arranged along two lines symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal axis parallel to the large connecting faces 5g and passing through the middle of the porous support 2.
  • the common inlet sections 10e and the common outlet sections 12s extend parallel to a direction which is perpendicular to the flat outer surfaces 3, 4 but also perpendicular to the main direction of circulation of the liquid medium.
  • the common input sections 10e are arranged parallel to and close to a large connecting face 5g while the common output sections 12s are arranged parallel to and close to the other large connecting face 5g.
  • the number of circulation veins 6 per series, the number of series of circulation veins 6 and the number of rows of circulation veins 6 are given solely by way of illustration.
  • the internal faces of the internal connection system for the distribution 10 the internal faces of the circulation veins 6 and the internal faces of the internal connection system for the collection 12 are provided with at least one separating layer.
  • the collection system 7 for the permeate P is arranged in the porous support 2 but also recessed in at least one and, in the example illustrated, the two outer flat surfaces 3, 4 of the porous support 2 for collecting the permeate having passed through the separating layer or layers.
  • the collection system 7 thus comprises, as illustrated in FIGS. 16 and 18, a hand, four series of three superimposed channels 7e arranged in the porous support 2 between the two external flat surfaces 3, 4 and between two neighboring series of circulation veins 6 and on the other hand, a gutter 7f arranged in each external flat surface 3 , 4, in line with each series of channels.
  • the three channels 7e and the two gutters 7f of each of these series communicate at each end with tubular cavities 7g opening out through orifices 8 arranged on at least one and in the example illustrated, on the two outer flat surfaces 3, 4.
  • the tubular cavities 7g are arranged parallel to each other but also parallel to the common inlet sections 10e and to the common outlet sections 12s.
  • part of the tubular cavities 7g and the common inlet sections 10e are arranged in the same plane while another part of the tubular cavities 7g and the common outlet sections 12s are arranged in the same plane.
  • FIGs. 19 to 24 illustrate another exemplary embodiment of a separating element 1 relating to the mode with connection orifices and produced in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped.
  • This exemplary embodiment is identical in design to the example illustrated in FIGS. 14 to 18, with the difference that the permeate recovery system 7 is produced only on the surface of the porous support 2.
  • This separation element 1 comprises a porous support 2 comprising a first flat outer surface 3 and a second flat outer surface 4 parallel between they are opposite to each other while being connected to each other by a connecting surface 5 arranged to form two large connecting faces 5g parallel to each other and connected to each other at their ends by two small connecting faces 5p parallel to each other .
  • the separation element 1 comprises five inlets 11 for the liquid medium M and five outlets 13 for the retentate R opening out onto the outside of the porous support 10 through orifices 16 arranged at the level of the flat outer surface 3, or even also as shown in Fig. 21, at the level of the second outer surface 4 to allow superimposed mounting of the separation elements 1.
  • the separating element 1 comprises a row of five series of circulation veins 6, each of which communicates with an inlet 11 via the internal connection system for distribution 10 and an outlet 13 via the internal system connection for the collection 12.
  • the number of circulation veins 6 per series, the number of series of circulation veins 6 and the number of rows of circulation veins 6 are given solely by way of illustration.
  • Figs. 23 and 24 illustrate a variant embodiment identical to the variant embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 19 to 22 with the difference that the circulation veins 6 are distributed in two superimposed rows.
  • Each row has five series of circulation veins 6, the three central series of which each have six circulation veins 6, while the two end series located near the small connecting faces 5p each have four circulation veins 6.
  • These circulation veins 6 are arranged in the porous support 2 parallel to each other and each have a rectangular cross section with a width substantially ten times less than the length. These circulation veins 6 are perpendicular to the outer flat surfaces 3, 4.
  • circulation veins 6 are connected on one side with the internal connection system for the distribution 10 arranged in the porous support 2 and comprising for each series of veins of circulation, a common inlet section 10th formed by a tubular duct communicating, via a bifurcation 10b arranged in the porous support 2, with all the veins of a series and leading to at least one and in the example illustrated on the two outer flat surfaces 3, 4 by the orifices 16.
  • circulation veins 6 are connected on the other side, with the internal connection system for the collection 12 arranged in the porous support 2 and also comprising for each series of veins traffic, a common outlet section 12s formed by a tubular duct communicating via a 12th branch arranged in the porous support, with all the veins of a series and opening on at least one, and in the example illustrated on the two outer flat surfaces 3, 4 through the orifices 16.
  • the internal connection system for the distribution 10 and the internal connection system for the collection 12 are arranged symmetrically on either side of the veins of circulation 6, with the orifices 16 arranged along two lines symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal axis parallel to the large connecting faces 5g and passing through the middle of the porous support 2.
  • the internal faces of the internal system of connection for the distribution 10, the internal faces of the circulation veins 6 and the internal faces of the internal connection system for the collection 12 are provided with at least one separating layer.
  • the collection system 7 of the permeate P is not arranged inside the porous support 2 but only recessed in at least one and in the example illustrated, the two outer flat surfaces 3, 4 of the support porous 2 to collect the permeate having passed through the separating layer or layers.
  • the collection system 7 thus comprises, as illustrated in FIGS. 19 to 24, four series of two superimposed gutters 7f arranged in the outer flat surfaces 3, 4, as already described in the example illustrated in FIGS. 14 to 18.
  • the two gutters 7f of each of these series communicate at each end with tubular cavities 7g provided in the porous support, opening out through orifices 8 provided on at least one and, in the example illustrated, on both outer flat surfaces 3, 4.
  • FIGS. 30 and 31 illustrate another exemplary embodiment of a separation element 1 relating to the mode with connection orifices and produced in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped block intended to be mounted in an apparatus 20 illustrated in FIGS.
  • This exemplary embodiment differs from the exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 14 to 18 insofar as the circulation veins 6 are arranged parallel to the outer flat surfaces 3, 4 unlike the example of FIGS. 14 to 18 for which the circulation veins 6 are arranged perpendicular to the outer flat surfaces 3, 4.
  • This separation element 1 comprises a porous support 2 comprising a first outer planar surface 3 and a second outer planar surface 4 parallel to each other and opposite to each other, being connected to each other by a connecting surface 5 arranged to form two large connecting faces 5g parallel to each other and connected to each other at their ends by two small connecting faces 5p parallel to each other.
  • the separation element 1 has five inlets 11 for the liquid medium M and five outlets 13 for the retentate R leading to the outside of the porous support 10 through orifices 16 arranged at the level of the outer planar surface 3, or even also as illustrated in FIG. 26, at the level of the second outer surface 4 to allow superposed mounting of the separation elements 1.
  • the separation element 1 also comprises circulation veins 6 provided in the porous support to communicate with the inlets 11 via the internal connection system for distribution 10 and the outlets 13 via the internal connection system for collection 12.
  • the circulation veins 6 are arranged on four superimposed floors by forming two series of four superimposed circulation veins and three of four pairs of superimposed circulation veins.
  • each floor the circulation veins 6 are separated by partitions 2c made by the porous support 2 extending parallel to each other and to the main direction of circulation of the medium liquid between entries 11 and the outlets 13 of the liquid medium.
  • these partitions 2c are not continuous from one end to the other of the porous support, thus allowing communication between the circulation veins 6 of each floor, at the level of the inlets 11 and the outlets 13 of the liquid medium.
  • circulation veins 6 are arranged in the porous support 2 parallel to each other and parallel to the outer flat surfaces 3, 4. These circulation veins 6 each have a rectangular cross section with a width at least four times less than the length. These circulation veins 6 are connected on one side with the internal connection system for distribution 10 comprising, for each series of circulation veins, a common inlet section 10e formed by a tubular conduit communicating via a bifurcation 10b, with all the veins of a series and opening on at least one and in the example illustrated on the two external flat surfaces 3, 4 by the orifices 16 and on the other side, with the internal connection system for the collection 12 comprising for each series of circulation veins, a common outlet section 12s formed by a tubular conduit communicating via a branch 12e with all the veins of a series and leading to at least one, and in the example illustrated on the two outer flat surfaces 3, 4 through the orifices 16.
  • the internal connection system for distribution 10 comprising, for each series of circulation veins, a common inlet section 10e formed by
  • the internal connection system for the distribution 10 and the internal connection system for the collection 12 are arranged in the porous support 2 symmetrically on either side of the veins. of circulation 6, with the orifices 16 arranged along two lines symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal axis parallel to the large connecting faces 5g and passing through the middle of the porous support 2.
  • the common inlet sections 10e and the common outlet sections 12s extend parallel to a direction which is perpendicular to the flat outer surfaces 3, 4 but also perpendicular to the main direction of circulation of the liquid medium.
  • the common entry sections 10e are laid out parallel to and close to a large connecting face 5g while the common outlet sections 12s are arranged parallel to and close to the other large connecting face 5g.
  • the number of circulation veins 6 per series, the number of series of circulation veins 6 and the number of rows of circulation veins 6 are given solely by way of illustration.
  • the internal faces of the internal connection system for the distribution 10 the internal faces of the circulation veins 6 and the internal faces of the internal connection system for the collection 12 are provided with at least one separating layer.
  • the permeate P collection system 7 is arranged in the porous support 2 but also recessed in at least one and, in the example illustrated, the two outer flat surfaces 3, 4 of the porous support 2 to collecting the permeate having passed through the separating layer or layers.
  • the collection system 7 thus comprises, as illustrated in FIGS. 25, 27 and 28, three superimposed collection layers 7j arranged in the porous support 2 between the two outer flat surfaces 3, 4 and between two neighboring floors of circulation veins 6 as well as a recessed zone 7k arranged in each flat surface exterior 3, 4.
  • the collection sheets 7j are interposed between two adjacent circulation streams 6, being separated from the circulation streams 6 by partition walls 2b.
  • stiffening ribs 7n are arranged in the porous support parallel to each other to delimit parallel channels joining at each of their ends to lead from each side, to a series of four tubular cavities 7g opening out via orifices 8 arranged on at least one and in the example illustrated, on the two outer flat surfaces 3, 4.
  • the tubular cavities 7g are arranged parallel to each other but also parallel to the common input sections 10e and to the common output sections 12s.
  • a first series of tubular cavities 7g and the common inlet sections 10e are arranged in the same plane while that a second series of tubular cavities 7g and the common outlet sections 12s are arranged in the same plane.
  • stiffening ribs 7n produced by the porous support are arranged projecting into the flat outer surfaces 3, 4 parallel to each other so that each recessed zone 7k has parallel channels meeting at each of their ends to lead on each side to a series of four tubular cavities 7g.
  • the three layers of channels 7j and the two recessed areas 7k of each of these series communicate at each end with tubular cavities 7g opening out through orifices 8 provided on at least one and in the example illustrated, on both surfaces outer planes 3, 4.
  • Figs. 30 and 31 illustrate an embodiment of commercial equipment 20 provided with connections for the connection of at least one separation element 1 falling under the mode with connection orifices 8, 16 and conforming to one of the variants illustrated in Fig. 14 to 29.
  • This apparatus 20 provided with one or more separation elements 1 thus form a separation unit for a fluid medium of all types.
  • the apparatus 20 comprises a connection plate 21 on which is intended to be fixed by threaded rods 22 and nuts 23, at least one separation element 1 mounted in a sealed manner by seals 24, between this plate of connection 21 and a counter-clamping plate 26.
  • connection plate 21 comprises orifices 21M positioned to communicate on the one hand with the orifices 16 of the inlets 11 of the separation element 1 and on the other hand, with a circuit feed of the liquid medium 27 of which only a part is shown in the drawings.
  • the connection plate 21 also comprises orifices 21 R positioned to communicate on the one hand with the orifices 16 of the outlets 13 of the separation element 1 and on the other hand, with a retentate recovery circuit 28 of which only part is shown in the drawings .
  • the connection plate 21 also comprises orifices 21 P positioned to communicate on the one hand with the orifices 8 of the permeate collection system and on the other hand, with an external permeate recovery circuit 29.
  • the manufacture of the porous support 2, or even of the separation element as a whole can be carried out using an additive technique, the process consisting in obtaining one-piece parts by adding or agglomeration of material, the object taking shape as successive layers are stacked.
  • this additive method is configured or adapted so that the porosity of the porous material of the porous support ensures the routing of the permeate having passed through the separating layer or layers.
  • the process has the advantage, compared to other techniques such as the assembly by gluing of different parts manufactured separately, of producing the support in a single production step and of allowing access to a wide range of shapes and sizes. development of the circulation veins for the liquid medium to be treated and for the collection of the permeate.
  • the SLS Selective Laser Sintering
  • FDM Fused Deposition Modeling
  • PEM Paste Extrusion Modeling
  • BJ Binder Jetting
  • the thickness of the powder bed and therefore of each successively consolidated stratum is relatively small to allow its connection to the lower stratum, by application of an energy supply (SLS) or the projection of a binder liquid (BJ).
  • SLS energy supply
  • BJ binder liquid
  • a thickness of 20 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m of powder will be deposited, this thickness depending on the additive technique selected. It is the repetition of the binary sequence depositing a bed of powder followed by consolidation which allows, layer after layer, to build the desired three-dimensional shape.
  • the reason for consolidation may vary from one stratum to another.
  • the growth of desired three-dimensional shape is achieved along a chosen direction of growth.
  • the thickness of a stratum is defined by a set of cords , whether continuous or discontinuous, juxtaposed or not juxtaposed, which are extruded at the same altitude taken along the chosen direction of growth.
  • the material constituting the porous support has a maximum admissible bending stress of at least 10 MPa, this characteristic resulting from the three-dimensional continuity and the three-dimensional homogeneity that allow the additive techniques of on the one hand and the necessary post sintering heat treatment on the other hand.
  • the difference in pressure of the liquid medium between the separating layer and the outlet surface of the permeate commonly corresponds to what those skilled in the art call the transmembrane pressure (TMP).
  • TMP transmembrane pressure
  • This pressure difference is defined in the context of the invention by the average of the feed pressures P A (this is the absolute pressure measured at the inlet of the liquid medium to be treated) and retentate P R (this is the absolute pressure measured at the outlet of the treated liquid medium) from which is subtracted either the absolute pressure P P measured in the collection system 7 of the permeate when the latter is arranged in the porous support 2, or the atmospheric pressure Pa when the collection system 7 is arranged outside the porous support 2.
  • the transmembrane pressure (PTM) is such that:
  • the porous support 2 is defined so that no degradation by rupture of the porous material does not appear for a pressure difference of the liquid medium greater than or equal to 1 bar.
  • Such a rupture is immediately observable by a drop in the transmembrane pressure defined as the pressure difference of the liquid medium between the separating layer and the outlet surface of the permeate on the one hand as well as by an increase in the flow present in the permeate collection system on the other hand.
  • the flow rate of treated liquid being abnormally increased by that of the untreated liquid, this mixture of permeate and retentate causes the rupture to render the use of the separation element unsuitable. This is then considered destroyed and must be replaced.

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Abstract

The subject of the invention relates to a separating element comprising: - an inorganic one-piece rigid porous support (2) having, on one side, a first outer planar surface (3) and, on an opposite side, a second outer planar surface (4); - at least two circulation ducts (6) for the liquid medium that are formed in the porous support so as to each have a rectangular cross section; - at least one internal connection system for the distribution (10) of the liquid medium in a series of circulation ducts, and at least one internal connection system for the collection (12) of the retentate coming from the series of circulation ducts, the internal connection system for the distribution (10), the circulation ducts (6) and the internal connection system for the collection (12) being provided with at least one separating layer continuously deposited between the inlet (11) and the outlet (13) of the porous support; - and a collection system (7) for the permeate that has passed through the separating layer or layers.

Description

Description Description
Titre de l'invention : Elément de séparation d'un milieu liquide à contrainte de cisaillement pariétale élevée Title of the invention: Element for separating a liquid medium with high parietal shear stress
Domaine Technique Technical area
[0001] La présente invention concerne le domaine technique des éléments de séparation par flux tangentiel d'un milieu liquide à traiter en un filtrat ou perméat et un rétentat, communément appelés membranes de filtration. The present invention relates to the technical field of separation elements by tangential flow of a liquid medium to be treated into a filtrate or permeate and a retentate, commonly called filtration membranes.
[0002] Plus précisément, l'invention concerne de nouvelles géométries de ces éléments de séparation permettant d'augmenter le flux du filtrat et/ou de réduire la consommation d'énergie des installations mettant en oeuvre ces éléments de séparation. More specifically, the invention relates to new geometries of these separation elements making it possible to increase the flow of the filtrate and/or to reduce the energy consumption of the installations implementing these separation elements.
Technique antérieure Prior technique
[0003] Les procédés de séparation utilisant des membranes sont utilisés dans de nombreux secteurs, notamment dans l’environnement pour la production d’eau potable et le traitement des effluents industriels, dans l’industrie chimique, pétrochimique, pharmaceutique, agro-alimentaire et dans le domaine de la biotechnologie. [0003] Separation processes using membranes are used in many sectors, in particular in the environment for the production of drinking water and the treatment of industrial effluents, in the chemical, petrochemical, pharmaceutical, agri-food and in the field of biotechnology.
[0004] Une membrane constitue une barrière sélective qui permet, sous l’action d’une force de transfert, le passage ou l’arrêt de certains composants du milieu fluide à traiter. Le passage ou l'arrêt des composants résulte de leur taille par rapport à la taille des pores de la membrane qui se comporte alors comme un filtre. En fonction de la taille des pores, ces techniques sont nommées microfiltration, ultrafiltration ou nanofiltration. [0004] A membrane constitutes a selective barrier which allows, under the action of a transfer force, the passage or the stopping of certain components of the fluid medium to be treated. The passage or the stoppage of the components results from their size compared to the size of the pores of the membrane which then behaves like a filter. Depending on the pore size, these techniques are called microfiltration, ultrafiltration or nanofiltration.
[0005] Il existe des membranes de structures et textures différentes. Les membranes sont, en général, constituées d’un support poreux qui assure la résistance mécanique de la membrane et qui, définissant le nombre et la morphologie des veines de circulation pour le milieu liquide à traiter, détermine la surface filtrante totale de la membrane. C'est en effet sur les parois intérieures de ces veines de circulation qu'une couche dite couche séparatrice, couche de filtration, couche de séparation, couche active ou peau assure la séparation. Durant la séparation, le transfert du milieu liquide filtré s'effectue à travers la couche séparatrice, puis ce liquide se répand dans la texture poreuse du support pour se diriger vers la surface périmétrique extérieure du support poreux. Cette partie du liquide à traiter ayant traversée la couche de séparation et le support poreux est appelée perméat ou filtrat et se trouve récupérée par un système de collecte. L'autre partie est appelée rétentat et est, le plus souvent, réinjectée dans le liquide à traiter en amont de la membrane, grâce à une boucle de circulation. [0005] There are membranes of different structures and textures. The membranes are generally made up of a porous support which provides the mechanical strength of the membrane and which, defining the number and morphology of the circulation veins for the liquid medium to be treated, determines the total filtering surface of the membrane. It is in fact on the inner walls of these circulation veins that a layer called a separating layer, a filtration layer, a layer of separation, active layer or skin provides separation. During the separation, the transfer of the filtered liquid medium takes place through the separating layer, then this liquid spreads in the porous texture of the support to move towards the outer perimeter surface of the porous support. This part of the liquid to be treated having passed through the separation layer and the porous support is called permeate or filtrate and is recovered by a collection system. The other part is called retentate and is most often reinjected into the liquid to be treated upstream of the membrane, thanks to a circulation loop.
[0006] Le principal phénomène antagoniste au transfert du filtrat à travers la couche de séparation est l'apparition d'un colmatage résultant d'une polarisation de concentration, d'un dépôt ou d'un blocage des pores. Quelle que soit la nature de la couche filtrante utilisée pour effectuer une opération de filtration et quel que soit la nature du milieu liquide à traiter, il apparaît toujours dès le début de l'opération de filtration, une baisse du flux de perméation qui est la conséquence dudit colmatage de la couche de séparation et qui peut parfois être extrêmement forte et rapide. [0006] The main antagonistic phenomenon to the transfer of the filtrate through the separation layer is the appearance of clogging resulting from a concentration polarization, a deposit or a blockage of the pores. Whatever the nature of the filtering layer used to carry out a filtration operation and whatever the nature of the liquid medium to be treated, there always appears from the start of the filtration operation, a drop in the permeation flow which is the consequence of said clogging of the separation layer and which can sometimes be extremely strong and rapid.
[0007] Le phénomène de polarisation de concentration opère lors d'une opération de filtration lorsque les macromolécules présentes dans le milieu liquide à traiter se concentrent à l'interface membrane/solution où elles exercent une contre- pression osmotique opposée à la force de séparation ou rétrod iff usent dans le cœur du milieu liquide à traiter selon la loi de Fick. Le phénomène de polarisation de concentration résulte de l'accumulation des composés retenus au voisinage de la membrane du fait de la perméation du solvant. [0007] The phenomenon of concentration polarization operates during a filtration operation when the macromolecules present in the liquid medium to be treated are concentrated at the membrane/solution interface where they exert an osmotic counter-pressure opposite to the separation force. or retrodiffuse in the core of the liquid medium to be treated according to Fick's law. The phenomenon of concentration polarization results from the accumulation of the compounds retained in the vicinity of the membrane due to the permeation of the solvent.
[0008] C'est lorsque la concentration en particules à la surface de la membrane augmente jusqu'à provoquer l'apparition d'une phase condensée sous forme d'un gel ou d'un dépôt cohésif qu'il apparait une résistance hydraulique additionnelle à celle de la membrane. Le blocage des pores opère lorsqu'il y a intrusion de particules de tailles inférieures ou égales à celles des pores, ce qui entraîne une réduction de la surface filtrante. [0009] Le colmatage, sa réversibilité ou son irréversibilité, sont des phénomènes complexes qui dépendent de l'élément de filtration et en particulier des couches séparatrices, du liquide à traiter et des paramètres opératoires. [0008] It is when the concentration of particles at the surface of the membrane increases until it causes the appearance of a condensed phase in the form of a gel or a cohesive deposit that additional hydraulic resistance appears. to that of the membrane. Pore blocking occurs when there is intrusion of particles of size less than or equal to those of the pores, which leads to a reduction in the filtering surface. [0009] Clogging, its reversibility or its irreversibility, are complex phenomena which depend on the filtration element and in particular on the separating layers, on the liquid to be treated and on the operating parameters.
[0010] Le colmatage est un frein important à l'attractivité économique de la filtration car il conduit, lors du dimensionnement des installations de filtration, à accroître les surfaces installées afin de satisfaire les besoins en volumes à traiter d'une part et il rend nécessaire la mise en oeuvre de moyens techniques spécifiques pour y remédier a postériori, tels des cycles de nettoyage utilisant des détergents ou des rétro-filtrations périodiques d'autre part. [0010]Clogging is a major obstacle to the economic attractiveness of filtration because it leads, when sizing filtration installations, to increasing the installed surfaces in order to meet the volume requirements to be treated on the one hand and it makes necessary the implementation of specific technical means to remedy it a posteriori, such as cleaning cycles using detergents or periodic retro-filtrations on the other hand.
[0011] Pour supprimer, limiter ou retarder ladite accumulation de matière, il a été largement étudié et décrit dans l'art antérieur, l'effet positif de la vitesse d'écoulement continu d'un fluide à traiter tangentiellement à la surface d'une couche filtrante. To eliminate, limit or delay said accumulation of material, it has been widely studied and described in the prior art, the positive effect of the continuous flow velocity of a fluid to be treated tangentially to the surface of a filter layer.
[0012]C'est ainsi en effet que l'intérêt actuel de la filtration tangentielle des liquides réside dans une circulation continue et maîtrisée du milieu liquide à traiter (le rétentat) à l'intérieur de veines de circulation dans des conditions de vitesse et de pression qui agissent sur l'amplitude et la cinétique du colmatage de la couche filtrante, la vitesse de déplacement du rétentat générant une contrainte de cisaillement pariétale TP qui ralentie le colmatage, d'où une augmentation du débit du filtrat (du perméat) dans les porosités de la couche filtrante et de son support. [0012] It is thus in fact that the current interest in the tangential filtration of liquids lies in a continuous and controlled circulation of the liquid medium to be treated (the retentate) inside circulation veins under conditions of speed and of pressure which act on the amplitude and the kinetics of the clogging of the filtering layer, the speed of displacement of the retentate generating a parietal shearing stress T P which slows down the clogging, hence an increase in the flow rate of the filtrate (of the permeate) in the porosities of the filter layer and its support.
[0013] Plus la vitesse est élevée, plus la valeur de la contrainte pariétale TP est élevée et plus le colmatage est réduit ou retardé. Mais l'inconvénient est que cet « effet vitesse » d'une part requiert un surcroit de puissance qui joue d'une manière générale en sa défaveur et d'autre part ne permet pas de comparer des veines de circulation de sections droites différentes. [0013] The higher the speed, the higher the value of the parietal stress T P and the more the clogging is reduced or delayed. But the drawback is that this "speed effect" on the one hand requires an increase in power which generally works against it and on the other hand does not allow comparison of circulation streams of different straight sections.
[0014] C'est l'accès à la valeur de la contrainte de cisaillement pariétale TP (wall shear stress) proprement dite qui permet de comparer des veines de circulation de sections droites différentes. H. Barnier d'abord « Colmatage de membranes minérales d'ultrafiltration ou de microfiltration dans les bio-industries », Journées d'Etudes Membranes et Bio-industries, Paris (France), (1993) puis G. Gésan- Guiziou, G. Daufin, E. Boyaval, O. Le Berre, « Wall shear stress: effective parameter for the caractérisation of the cross-flow transport in turbulent regime during skimmed milk microfiltration », Lait, 79, 347-354, (1999) considèrent que la contrainte pariétale est le seul paramètre qui permet, pour un même fluide à traiter, de comparer leurs performances. [0014] It is access to the value of the parietal shear stress T P (wall shear stress) itself which makes it possible to compare circulation veins of different cross-sections. H. Barnier first "Clogging of ultrafiltration or microfiltration mineral membranes in bio-industries", Membranes and Bio-industries Study Days, Paris (France), (1993) then G. Gésan- Guiziou, G. Daufin, E. Boyaval, O. Le Berre, “Wall shear stress: effective parameter for the characterization of the cross-flow transport in turbulent regime during skimmed milk microfiltration”, Lait, 79, 347-354, (1999 ) consider that the parietal stress is the only parameter which allows, for the same fluid to be treated, to compare their performances.
[0015] La contrainte de cisaillement pariétale représente les forces appliquées par le fluide circulant tangentiellement à la surface de la membrane sur un élément de surface membranaire. [0015] The parietal shear stress represents the forces applied by the fluid flowing tangentially to the surface of the membrane on a membrane surface element.
[0016] C'est une grandeur homogène à une pression et son unité est le pascal (Pa) ou N.rrT2. Elle peut être expérimentalement déterminée avec la relation suivante : d ■ àp = — p 4 - L où d est le diamètre hydraulique et L la longueur de la veine de circulation. [0016] It is a homogeneous quantity at a pressure and its unit is the pascal (Pa) or N.rrT 2 . It can be experimentally determined with the following relationship: d ■ àp = — p 4 - L where d is the hydraulic diameter and L the length of the circulation channel.
[0017] Elle est dépendante de la nature du milieu liquide (sa viscosité) par l'intermédiaire de la perte de charge Ap, du facteur de frottement de Darcy fD (nombre sans dimension) et du nombre de Reynolds Re en accord avec les relations suivantes : ■ p ■ y2 où fD, dans le cas d'une veine de circulation à section droite circulaire et en régime d'écoulement laminaire, vaut: /b = 64/Re, le coefficient 64 étant caractéristique d'une veine de circulation à section droite circulaire. [0017] It is dependent on the nature of the liquid medium (its viscosity) via the pressure drop Ap, the Darcy friction factor f D (dimensionless number) and the Reynolds number Re in accordance with the following relationships: ■ p ■ y 2 where f D , in the case of a circulation vein with a circular cross section and in a laminar flow regime, equals: /b = 64/Re, the coefficient 64 being characteristic of a circulation vein with circular cross section.
[0019]Les auteurs Yunus A. Cengel et John M. Cimbala, dans leur ouvrage [0019]Authors Yunus A. Cengel and John M. Cimbala, in their book
« Mécanique des Fluides, Fondements et Applications » Copyright 2017 par De Boeck Supérieur (Traduction de A. Chagnes, S. Griveau, V. Lair et A. Ringuedé), précisent que ce coefficient varie selon la géométrie de la section droite de la veine de circulation du fluide à traiter. Il ressort de cet ouvrage qu’à Reynolds identique, le facteur de frottement devient supérieur à celui d'une veine de circulation à section droite circulaire, pour une veine de circulation à section droite rectangulaire fortement aplatie. “Fluid Mechanics, Foundations and Applications” Copyright 2017 by De Boeck Supérieur (Translation by A. Chagnes, S. Griveau, V. Lair and A. Ringuedé), specify that this coefficient varies according to the geometry of the cross section of the vein circulation of the fluid to be treated. It appears from this work that at identical Reynolds, the friction factor becomes higher than that of a vein of circulation with a circular cross section, for a circulation vein with a strongly flattened rectangular cross section.
[0020] Dans ces conditions, et toutes autres choses étant égales par ailleurs, la contrainte de cisaillement pariétale TP dans une telle veine de circulation est plus grande que celle dans une veine de circulation à section droite circulaire ou carrée, permettant donc ainsi un décolmatage plus efficace et un gain sur le flux de perméation. Under these conditions, and all other things being equal, the parietal shear stress T P in such a circulation stream is greater than that in a circulation stream with a circular or square cross section, thus allowing a more effective unclogging and a gain in permeation flow.
[0021] L'état de la technique a proposé diverses formes de réalisation de membranes de filtration avec des veines de circulation à section rectangulaire. Par exemple, le brevet FR 2 696 653 décrit une unité de filtration comportant une structure poreuse rigide interposée entre une plaque de poussée et une plaque de contre-poussée. La structure poreuse rigide possède des faces principales planes recouvertes par une couche séparatrice en contact avec le milieu liquide à traiter circulant entre ces faces principales et les plaques de poussée et de contre-poussée. Cette solution nécessite la mise en oeuvre de plaques de poussée et de contre-poussée. [0021] The state of the art has proposed various embodiments of filtration membranes with circulation veins of rectangular section. For example, patent FR 2 696 653 describes a filtration unit comprising a rigid porous structure interposed between a thrust plate and a counter-thrust plate. The rigid porous structure has flat main faces covered by a separating layer in contact with the liquid medium to be treated flowing between these main faces and the thrust and counter-thrust plates. This solution requires the implementation of thrust and counter-thrust plates.
[0022] L'objet de l'invention se propose de fournir de nouveaux éléments de filtration rigides avec une géométrie adaptée pour assurer un décolmatage efficace en vue d'augmenter le flux du filtrat tout en présentant une facilité de fabrication. The object of the invention proposes to provide new rigid filtration elements with a geometry adapted to ensure effective unclogging in order to increase the flow of the filtrate while having ease of manufacture.
Exposé de l'invention Disclosure of Invention
[0023] Pour atteindre un tel objectif, l'objet de l'invention concerne un élément de séparation d'un milieu liquide à séparer en un perméat et un rétentat comportant : To achieve such an objective, the object of the invention relates to an element for separating a liquid medium to be separated into a permeate and a retentate comprising:
- un support poreux rigide monobloc inorganique possédant d'un côté, une première surface plane extérieure et d'un côté opposé, une deuxième surface plane extérieure raccordée à la première surface plane extérieure par au moins une surface externe de liaison ; - An inorganic one-piece rigid porous support having, on one side, a first outer flat surface and, on an opposite side, a second outer flat surface connected to the first outer flat surface by at least one outer connecting surface;
- au moins deux veines de circulation pour le milieu liquide aménagées dans le support poreux pour posséder chacune une section droite rectangulaire ; - At least two circulation veins for the liquid medium provided in the porous support to each have a rectangular cross section;
- au moins un système interne de raccordement pour la distribution du milieu liquide, aménagé dans le support poreux pour répartir à partir d'une entrée aménagée dans le support poreux, le milieu liquide, dans une série de veines de circulation et au moins un système interne de raccordement pour la collecte du rétentat, aménagé dans le support poreux pour collecter jusqu'à une sortie aménagée dans le support poreux, le rétentat provenant de la série de veines de circulation, le système interne de raccordement pour la distribution, les veines de circulation et le système interne de raccordement pour la collecte étant pourvus d'au moins une couche séparatrice continûment déposée entre l'entrée et la sortie du support poreux de sorte que le milieu liquide circulant dans le support poreux entre l'entrée et la sortie, est uniquement en contact avec ladite couche séparatrice, le support poreux présentant une continuité de matériau et de texture poreuse et une résistance mécanique permettant d'éviter la rupture du support poreux pour une différence de pression du milieu liquide d'au moins un bar entre la couche séparatrice et la surface de sortie du perméat ; - at least one internal connection system for the distribution of the liquid medium, arranged in the porous support to distribute from an inlet provided in the porous support, the liquid medium, in a series of circulation veins and at least one internal connection system for the collection of the retentate, provided in the porous support to collect up to an outlet provided in the porous support, the retentate from the series of circulation streams, the internal connection system for distribution, the circulation streams and the internal connection system for collection being provided with at least one separating layer continuously deposited between the inlet and the outlet of the porous support so that the liquid medium circulating in the porous support between the inlet and the outlet, is only in contact with the said separating layer, the porous support having a continuity of material and of porous texture and a mechanical resistance making it possible to avoid rupture of the porous support for a pressure difference of the liquid medium of at least one bar between the separating layer and the surface of its part of the permeate;
- et un système de collecte du perméat ayant traversé la ou les couches séparatrices. - And a system for collecting the permeate having passed through the separating layer or layers.
[0024]Avantageusement, le support poreux est obtenu par la mise en oeuvre d'une méthode additive adaptée pour que la porosité du matériau poreux assure l'acheminement du perméat ayant traversé la ou les couches séparatrices. [0024] Advantageously, the porous support is obtained by implementing an additive method adapted so that the porosity of the porous material ensures the routing of the permeate having passed through the separating layer or layers.
[0025]Typiquement, le matériau constitutif du support poreux a une contrainte en flexion maximum admissible d'au moins 10 MPa. [0025] Typically, the constituent material of the porous support has a maximum admissible bending stress of at least 10 MPa.
[0026]Selon une caractéristique avantageuse de réalisation, la section droite rectangulaire des veines de circulation possède deux dimensions dont l'une des dimensions est au moins quatre fois inférieure à l'autre dimension. [0026]According to an advantageous embodiment characteristic, the rectangular cross section of the circulation veins has two dimensions, one of the dimensions of which is at least four times smaller than the other dimension.
[0027] Par exemple, plusieurs veines de circulation sont aménagées dans le support poreux parallèlement les unes aux autres. For example, several circulation veins are arranged in the porous support parallel to each other.
[0028]Selon un autre exemple, au moins une veine de circulation a une forme flexueuse tout en suivant la direction principale de circulation du fluide à traiter. [0028]According to another example, at least one circulation vein has a flexible shape while following the main direction of circulation of the fluid to be treated.
[0029] Par exemple, au moins une veine de circulation a une forme flexueuse périodique. [0030]Selon un mode de réalisation, chaque veine de circulation possède une section droite constante sur toute son étendue entre le système interne de raccordement pour la distribution et le système interne de raccordement pour la collecte. [0029] For example, at least one circulation vein has a periodic flexible shape. [0030]According to one embodiment, each circulation stream has a constant cross section over its entire extent between the internal connection system for distribution and the internal connection system for collection.
[0031]Selon un exemple de réalisation, les veines de circulation sont délimitées par deux faces parallèles qui sont perpendiculaires ou parallèles à au moins deux surfaces planes extérieures du support poreux. [0031]According to an exemplary embodiment, the circulation veins are delimited by two parallel faces which are perpendicular or parallel to at least two external flat surfaces of the porous support.
[0032]Selon une variante de réalisation, le système interne de raccordement pour la distribution et le système interne de raccordement pour la collecte débouchent sur l'extérieur du support poreux par un ou plusieurs orifices ou embouts aménagés au niveau d'une surface plane extérieure ou au niveau d'une surface externe de liaison. [0032]According to a variant embodiment, the internal connection system for distribution and the internal connection system for collection open onto the outside of the porous support through one or more orifices or end pieces provided at the level of an external flat surface. or at an outer bonding surface.
[0033] Par exemple, le système interne de raccordement pour la distribution et le système interne de raccordement pour la collecte sont aménagés de manière asymétrique de part et d'autre des veines de circulation. For example, the internal connection system for the distribution and the internal connection system for the collection are arranged asymmetrically on either side of the circulation veins.
[0034]Selon un autre exemple, le système interne de raccordement pour la distribution et le système interne de raccordement pour la collecte sont aménagés de manière symétrique de part et d'autre des veines de circulation. According to another example, the internal connection system for the distribution and the internal connection system for the collection are arranged symmetrically on either side of the circulation streams.
[0035] Selon une caractéristique de réalisation, le système de collecte du perméat comporte des espaces aménagés à l'intérieur du support poreux pour collecter le perméat ayant traversé la ou les couches séparatrices. [0035] According to one embodiment characteristic, the permeate collection system comprises spaces arranged inside the porous support to collect the permeate having passed through the separating layer or layers.
[0036]Typiquement, le système de collecte du perméat débouche sur l'extérieur du support poreux par un ou plusieurs orifices ou embouts de collecte dudit perméat. [0036] Typically, the permeate collection system opens onto the outside of the porous support via one or more orifices or end pieces for collecting said permeate.
[0037] La première surface plane extérieure, la deuxième surface plane extérieure et la surface externe de liaison sont rendues étanches. [0037] The first outer planar surface, the second outer planar surface and the outer connecting surface are sealed.
[0038] Selon une caractéristique de réalisation, le système de collecte du perméat est aménagé en creux dans au moins une surface plane extérieure du support poreux pour collecter le perméat ayant traversé la ou les couches séparatrices, le reste de la surface plane extérieure non aménagé en creux étant rendue étanche. [0038]According to one embodiment characteristic, the permeate collection system is arranged hollow in at least one flat outer surface of the porous support to collect the permeate having passed through the separating layer or layers, the rest of the outer planar surface not provided with a recess being sealed.
[0039] Par exemple, le support poreux comporte des embouts rendus étanches extérieurement, délimitant l'entrée du système interne de raccordement pour la distribution et la sortie du système interne de raccordement pour la collecte. [0039] For example, the porous support comprises end pieces sealed externally, delimiting the inlet of the internal connection system for distribution and the outlet of the internal connection system for collection.
[0040] Les embouts s'étendent selon des directions dont les angles par rapport à la direction principale de circulation du milieu liquide sont compris entre 0° et 90°. [0040] The end pieces extend in directions whose angles relative to the main direction of circulation of the liquid medium are between 0° and 90°.
[0041] Un autre objet de l'invention est de proposer une unité de séparation comportant au moins un élément de séparation monté dans un appareillage pourvu de connexions pour assurer d'une part l'entrée du milieu liquide à traiter et la sortie du rétentat ainsi que d'autre part la collecte du perméat dont les embouts délimitent l'entrée du système interne de raccordement pour la distribution du milieu liquide à traiter et la sortie du système interne de raccordement pour la collecte du rétentat, les embouts de collecte de perméat état équipés de connexions fixées de manière étanche sur lesdits embouts. Another object of the invention is to provide a separation unit comprising at least one separation element mounted in an apparatus provided with connections to ensure on the one hand the inlet of the liquid medium to be treated and the outlet of the retentate as well as on the other hand the collection of the permeate whose end pieces delimit the inlet of the internal connection system for the distribution of the liquid medium to be treated and the outlet of the internal connection system for the collection of the retentate, the permeate collection end pieces state equipped with connections fixed in a sealed manner to said end pieces.
Brève description des dessins Brief description of the drawings
[0042] [Fig. l]La Figure 1 est une représentation schématique en coupe longitudinale prise sensiblement selon les lignes de coupe B-B de la figure 2, d'un élément de séparation illustrant le principe général de l'objet de l'invention. [0042] [Fig. [1] Figure 1 is a schematic representation in longitudinal section taken substantially along section lines B-B of Figure 2, of a separating element illustrating the general principle of the subject of the invention.
[0043] [Fig. 2]La Figure 2 est une vue en coupe transversale de l'élément de séparation, prise sensiblement selon les lignes de coupe A-A de la figure 1. [0043] [Fig. 2] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the spacer, taken substantially along section lines A-A of Figure 1.
[0044] [Fig. 3]La Figure 3 est une vue en perspective illustrant un premier exemple de réalisation d'un élément de séparation conforme à l'invention relevant du mode à embouts de raccordement. [0044] [Fig. 3] Figure 3 is a perspective view illustrating a first exemplary embodiment of a separating element according to the invention relating to the connection end fitting mode.
[0045] [Fig. 4] La Figure 4 est une vue en coupe transversale prise selon les lignes[0045] [Fig. 4] Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the lines
IV-IV de la Fig. 3. IV-IV of Fig. 3.
[0046] [Fig. 5]La Figure 5 est une vue en coupe longitudinale prise selon les lignes[0046] [Fig. 5] Figure 5 is a longitudinal sectional view taken along the lines
V-V de la Fig. 4. [0047] [Fig. 6]La Figure 6 est une vue en perspective illustrant un autre exemple de réalisation d'un élément de séparation conforme à l'invention relevant du mode à embouts de raccordement. VV of Fig. 4. [0047] [Fig. 6] Figure 6 is a perspective view illustrating another exemplary embodiment of a separating element according to the invention relating to the mode with connection end fittings.
[0048] [Fig. 7]La Figure 7 est une vue en coupe en plan prise selon les lignes VII-VII de la Fig. 6. [0048] [Fig. 7] Figure 7 is a sectional plan view taken along lines VII-VII of FIG. 6.
[0049] [Fig. 8] La Figure 8 est une vue en coupe en plan prise selon les lignes[0049] [Fig. 8] Figure 8 is a plan sectional view taken along the lines
VIII-VIII de la Fig. 7. VIII-VIII of Fig. 7.
[0050] [Fig. 9] La Figure 9 est une vue en coupe transversale prise selon les lignes[0050] [Fig. 9] Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along the lines
IX-IX de la Fig. 8. IX-IX of Fig. 8.
[0051] [Fig. 10]La Figure 10 est une vue en coupe longitudinale prise selon les lignes[0051] [Fig. 10] Figure 10 is a longitudinal sectional view taken along the lines
X-X de la Fig. 6. X-X of Fig. 6.
[0052] [Fig. ll]La Figure 11 est une vue en perspective analogue à la Fig. 6 illustrant un autre exemple de réalisation pour les embouts de raccordement de l'élément de séparation conforme à l'invention. [0052] [Fig. 11] Figure 11 is a perspective view similar to FIG. 6 illustrating another exemplary embodiment for the connecting endpieces of the separating element according to the invention.
[0053] [Fig. 12]La Figure 12 est une vue en perspective illustrant un autre exemple de réalisation d'un élément de séparation conforme à l'invention de conception identique à l'exemple de réalisation illustré à la Fig. 6 mais avec une entrée et une sortie pour le milieu liquide, réalisées de manière asymétrique. [0053] [Fig. 12] FIG. 12 is a perspective view illustrating another exemplary embodiment of a separating element according to the invention of identical design to the exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIG. 6 but with an inlet and an outlet for the liquid medium, made asymmetrically.
[0054] [Fig. 13]La Figure 13 est une vue en perspective analogue à la Fig. 12, illustrant un autre exemple de réalisation avec des embouts de raccordement filetés. [0054] [Fig. 13] Figure 13 is a perspective view similar to FIG. 12, illustrating another exemplary embodiment with threaded connection ends.
[0055] [Fig. 13A]La Figure 13A est une vue en perspective avec une coupe longitudinale prise sensiblement selon les lignes A-A de la Fig. 13. [0055] [Fig. 13A] Figure 13A is a perspective view with a longitudinal section taken substantially along the lines A-A of FIG. 13.
[0056] [Fig. 13B]La Figure 13B est une vue en coupe longitudinale prise sensiblement selon les lignes B-B de la Fig. 13. [0056] [Fig. 13B] Figure 13B is a longitudinal sectional view taken substantially along lines B-B of FIG. 13.
[0057] [Fig. 13C]La Figure 13C est une vue en coupe transversale prise sensiblement selon les lignes C-C de la Fig. 13. [0057] [Fig. 13C] Figure 13C is a cross-sectional view taken substantially along lines C-C of FIG. 13.
[0058] [Fig. 13D]La Figure 13D est une vue en coupe en plan prise sensiblement selon les lignes D-D de la Fig. 13. [0059] [Fig. 14]La Figure 14 est une vue en perspective illustrant un autre exemple de réalisation d'un élément de séparation conforme à l'invention relevant du mode à orifices de raccordement, réalisé sous la forme d'un parallélépipède rectangle avec les veines de circulation du milieu liquide aménagées perpendiculairement aux surfaces planes extérieures. [0058] [Fig. 13D] Figure 13D is a plan sectional view taken substantially along lines DD of FIG. 13. [0059] [Fig. 14] Figure 14 is a perspective view illustrating another embodiment of a separation element according to the invention relating to the mode with connection orifices, produced in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped with the circulation veins of the liquid medium laid out perpendicular to the outer flat surfaces.
[0060] [Fig. 15]La Figure 15 est une vue en coupe en plan prise selon les lignes XV- XV de la Fig. 14. [0060] [Fig. 15] Figure 15 is a plan sectional view taken along lines XV-XV of FIG. 14.
[0061] [Fig. 16]La Figure 16 est une vue en coupe transversale prise selon les lignes[0061] [Fig. 16] Figure 16 is a cross-sectional view taken along the lines
XVI-XVI de la Fig. 14. XVI-XVI of Fig. 14.
[0062] [Fig. 17]La Figure 17 est une vue en coupe transversale prise selon les lignes[0062] [Fig. 17] Figure 17 is a cross-sectional view taken along the lines
XVII-XVII de la Fig. 16. XVII-XVII of Fig. 16.
[0063] [Fig. 18]La Figure 18 est une vue en coupe longitudinale prise selon les lignes XVIII-XVIII de la Fig. 14. [0063] [Fig. 18] Figure 18 is a longitudinal sectional view taken along the lines XVIII-XVIII of FIG. 14.
[0064] [Fig. 19]La Figure 19 est une vue en perspective illustrant un autre exemple de réalisation d'un élément de séparation conforme à l'invention relevant du mode à orifices de raccordement, réalisé sous la forme d'un parallélépipède rectangle et comportant un système de récupération du perméat uniquement en surface du support poreux. [0064] [Fig. 19] Figure 19 is a perspective view illustrating another embodiment of a separation element according to the invention relating to the mode with connection orifices, produced in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped and comprising a recovery system permeate only on the surface of the porous support.
[0065] [Fig. 20]La Figure 20 est une vue en coupe en plan prise selon les lignes XX- XX de la Fig. 19. [0065] [Fig. 20] Figure 20 is a plan sectional view taken along the lines XX-XX of FIG. 19.
[0066] [Fig. 21]La Figure 21 est une vue en coupe transversale prise selon les lignes[0066] [Fig. 21] Figure 21 is a cross-sectional view taken along the lines
XXI-XXI de la Fig. 19. XXI-XXI of Fig. 19.
[0067] [Fig. 22]La Figure 22 est une vue en coupe longitudinale prise selon les lignes[0067] [Fig. 22] Figure 22 is a longitudinal sectional view taken along the lines
XXII-XXII de la Fig. 19. XXII-XXII of Fig. 19.
[0068] [Fig. 23]La Figure 23 est une vue en coupe longitudinale d'une variante de réalisation analogue à la Fig. 22 et dans laquelle les veines de circulation du milieu liquide sont aménagées selon deux rangées superposées. [0069] [Fig. 24]La Figure 24 est une vue illustrant en négatif les veines de circulation et le système de récupération du perméat de la variante de réalisation illustrée à la Fig. 23. [0068] [Fig. 23] Figure 23 is a view in longitudinal section of an alternative embodiment similar to FIG. 22 and in which the circulation veins of the liquid medium are arranged in two superimposed rows. [0069] [Fig. 24] Figure 24 is a view illustrating in negative the circulation veins and the permeate recovery system of the alternative embodiment illustrated in FIG. 23.
[0070] [Fig. 25]La Figure 25 est une vue en perspective illustrant un autre exemple de réalisation d'un élément de séparation conforme à l'invention, relevant du mode à orifices de raccordement réalisé sous la forme d'un parallélépipède rectangle avec les veines de circulation du milieu liquide aménagées parallèlement aux surfaces planes extérieures. [0070] [Fig. 25] Figure 25 is a perspective view illustrating another exemplary embodiment of a separation element according to the invention, relating to the mode with connection orifices produced in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped with the circulation veins of the liquid medium arranged parallel to the outer flat surfaces.
[0071] [Fig. 26]La Figure 26 est une vue en coupe transversale prise selon les lignes XXVI-XXVI de la Fig. 25. [0071] [Fig. 26] Figure 26 is a cross-sectional view taken along lines XXVI-XXVI of FIG. 25.
[0072] [Fig. 27]La Figure I est une vue en coupe longitudinale prise selon les lignes XXVII-XXVII de la Fig. 25. [0072] [Fig. 27] Figure I is a longitudinal sectional view taken along lines XXVII-XXVII of FIG. 25.
[0073] [Fig. 28] La Figure 28 est une vue en coupe transversale prise selon les lignes XXVIII-XXVIII de la Fig. 25. [0073] [Fig. 28] Figure 28 is a cross-sectional view taken along lines XXVIII-XXVIII of FIG. 25.
[0074] [Fig. 29]La Figure 29 est une vue en coupe en plan prise selon les lignes XXIX-XXIX de la Fig. 25. [0074] [Fig. 29] Figure 29 is a plan sectional view taken along lines XXIX-XXIX of FIG. 25.
[0075] [Fig. 30] La Figure 30 est une vue en perspective d'un exemple de réalisation d'un appareillage du commerce pourvu de connexions pour le raccordement d'un élément de séparation relevant du mode à orifices de raccordement et conforme à l'une des variantes illustrées aux Fig. 14 à 29. [0075] [Fig. 30] Figure 30 is a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of commercial equipment provided with connections for the connection of a separation element falling under the mode with connection orifices and conforming to one of the variants illustrated in Figs. 14 to 29.
[0076] [Fig. 31] La Figure 31 est une vue en éclaté de l'exemple de réalisation de l'appareillage illustré à la Fig. 30. [0076] [Fig. 31] Figure 31 is an exploded view of the embodiment of the apparatus illustrated in FIG. 30.
Description des modes de réalisation Description of embodiments
[0077] L'objet de l'invention concerne un élément de séparation 1, par flux tangentiel d'un milieu liquide M à séparer en un perméat ou filtrat P et un rétentat R. Ce milieu liquide à traiter peut être de toute nature. Conformément aux Fig. 1 et 2 qui illustrent de manière générale les caractéristiques de l'invention sans représenter tous les détails pour des raisons de clarté, l'élément de séparation 1 comporte un support poreux 2 rigide monobloc inorganique possédant d'un côté, une première surface plane extérieure 3 et d'un côté opposé, une deuxième surface plane extérieure 4 raccordée à la première surface plane extérieure par au moins une surface de liaison 5. Au moins deux veines 6 de circulation pour le milieu liquide à traiter sont aménagées dans le support poreux 2 en étant pourvues sur leurs faces internes, d'au moins une couche séparatrice. The object of the invention relates to a separation element 1, by tangential flow of a liquid medium M to be separated into a permeate or filtrate P and a retentate R. This liquid medium to be treated can be of any kind. According to Figs. 1 and 2 which generally illustrate the characteristics of the invention without representing all the details for reasons of clarity, the separating element 1 comprises a porous support 2 rigid inorganic monobloc having on one side, a first outer flat surface 3 and on an opposite side, a second outer flat surface 4 connected to the first outer flat surface by at least one connecting surface 5. At least two circulation veins 6 for the liquid medium to be treated are arranged in the porous support 2 by being provided on their inner faces with at least one separating layer.
[0078] Compte tenu que le support poreux 2 rigide possède une première surface plane extérieure 3 et une deuxième surface plane extérieure 4 situées en regard ou en vis-à-vis l'une de l'autre, l'élément de séparation 1 possède une géométrie optimisée. Il est à noter que dans l'exemple illustré aux Fig. 1 et 2, la première surface plane extérieure 3 et la deuxième surface plane extérieure 4 ne sont pas parallèles entre elles. Selon une variante préférée de réalisation illustrée sur les Fig. 3 et suivantes, la première surface plane extérieure 3 et la deuxième surface plane extérieure 4 sont parallèles entre elles, offrant la possibilité d'empiler les éléments de séparation 1 les uns sur les autres. La surface de liaison 5 entre ces deux surfaces planes extérieures 3, 4 peut être réalisée de toute manière appropriée par exemple, par une surface courbe ou une surface plane perpendiculaire aux surfaces planes extérieures 3, 4 en définissant une ou plusieurs faces de liaison. Cette surface de liaison 5 peut définir par exemple deux faces de liaison parallèles entre elles comme illustré aux Fig. 3 à 11 ou quatre faces de liaison parallèles entre elles deux à deux comme illustré aux Fig. 14 et suivantes de sorte que le support poreux 2 possède une forme de parallélépipède rectangle. [0078] Given that the porous support 2 has a rigid first flat outer surface 3 and a second flat outer surface 4 located opposite or vis-à-vis one another, the separating element 1 has optimized geometry. It should be noted that in the example illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, the first outer flat surface 3 and the second outer flat surface 4 are not mutually parallel. According to a preferred embodiment variant illustrated in FIGS. 3 et seq., the first outer planar surface 3 and the second outer planar surface 4 are mutually parallel, offering the possibility of stacking the separating elements 1 on top of each other. The connecting surface 5 between these two outer planar surfaces 3, 4 can be produced in any appropriate manner, for example by a curved surface or a planar surface perpendicular to the outer planar surfaces 3, 4 by defining one or more connection faces. This connecting surface 5 can define, for example, two mutually parallel connecting faces as illustrated in FIGS. 3 to 11 or four connecting faces parallel to each other two by two as illustrated in FIGS. 14 et seq. so that the porous support 2 has the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped.
[0079] Dans de tels éléments de séparation 1, le corps constituant le support poreux 2 présente une texture poreuse. Cette texture poreuse est caractérisée par le diamètre moyen des pores. Il est rappelé que par diamètre moyen de pores, on entend la valeur d50 d'une distribution volumique pour laquelle 50% du volume total des pores correspondent au volume des pores de diamètre inférieur à ce d50. La distribution volumique est la courbe (fonction analytique) représentant les fréquences des volumes des pores en fonction de leur diamètre. Le d50 correspond à la médiane séparant en deux parties égales l'aire située sous la courbe des fréquences obtenue par pénétration de mercure. En particulier, on pourra utiliser la technique décrite dans la norme ISO 15901-1 :2005 pour ce qui concerne la technique de mesure par pénétration de mercure. In such separation elements 1, the body constituting the porous support 2 has a porous texture. This porous texture is characterized by the average pore diameter. It is recalled that by average pore diameter is meant the d50 value of a volume distribution for which 50% of the total pore volume corresponds to the volume of pores with a diameter less than this d50. The volume distribution is the curve (analytical function) representing the frequencies of the pore volumes as a function of their diameter. The d50 corresponds to the median dividing into two equal parts the area located under the frequency curve obtained by mercury penetration. In particular, we may use the technique described in the ISO 15901-1:2005 standard with regard to the mercury penetration measurement technique.
[0080] La porosité du support poreux, qui correspond au volume total des vides interconnectés (pores) présents dans la matière considérée, est une grandeur physique qui conditionne les capacités d'écoulement et de rétention dudit corps poreux. Pour que le matériau puisse être utilisé en filtration, la porosité ouverte interconnectée totale doit être au minimum de 10% pour un débit satisfaisant de filtrat à travers le support, et au maximum de 60% afin de garantir une résistance mécanique du support poreux adaptée. The porosity of the porous support, which corresponds to the total volume of interconnected voids (pores) present in the material under consideration, is a physical quantity which conditions the flow and retention capacities of said porous body. In order for the material to be used in filtration, the total interconnected open porosity must be at least 10% for a satisfactory flow of filtrate through the support, and at most 60% in order to guarantee an appropriate mechanical strength of the porous support.
[0081] La porosité d'un support poreux peut être mesurée en déterminant le volume d'un liquide contenu dans ledit corps poreux en pesant ledit matériau avant et après un séjour prolongé dans ledit liquide (eau ou autre solvant). Connaissant les masses volumiques respectives du matériau considéré et du liquide utilisé, la différence massique, convertie en volume, est directement représentative du volume des pores et donc de la porosité ouverte totale du support poreux. The porosity of a porous support can be measured by determining the volume of a liquid contained in said porous body by weighing said material before and after a prolonged stay in said liquid (water or other solvent). Knowing the respective densities of the material considered and of the liquid used, the mass difference, converted into volume, is directly representative of the volume of the pores and therefore of the total open porosity of the porous support.
[0082] D'autres techniques permettent de mesurer précisément la porosité ouverte totale d'un support poreux parmi lesquelles on peut citer : [0082] Other techniques make it possible to precisely measure the total open porosity of a porous support, including:
- la porosimétrie par intrusion de mercure (norme ISO 15901-1 précitée) : injecté sous pression, le mercure remplit les pores accessibles aux pressions mises en oeuvre, et le volume de mercure injecté correspond alors au volume des pores ;- porosimetry by mercury intrusion (ISO 15901-1 standard mentioned above): injected under pressure, the mercury fills the pores accessible at the pressures used, and the volume of mercury injected then corresponds to the volume of the pores;
- la diffusion aux petits angles : cette technique, qui utilise soit un rayonnement de neutrons, soit des rayons X, donne accès à des quantités physiques moyennées sur l'échantillon entier. La mesure consiste en l'analyse de la distribution angulaire de l'intensité diffusée par l'échantillon ; - small-angle scattering: this technique, which uses either neutron radiation or X-rays, gives access to physical quantities averaged over the entire sample. The measurement consists of analyzing the angular distribution of the intensity scattered by the sample;
- l'analyse d'images 2D obtenues par microscopie ; - analysis of 2D images obtained by microscopy;
- l'analyse d'images 3D obtenues par tomographie de rayons X. - the analysis of 3D images obtained by X-ray tomography.
[0083] Le support poreux 2 a un diamètre moyen de pores appartenant à la gamme allant de 0,5 pm à 50 pm. La porosité du support poreux 2 est comprise entre 10 et 60%, de préférence entre 20 et 50%. The porous support 2 has an average pore diameter belonging to the range from 0.5 μm to 50 μm. The porosity of the porous support 2 is between 10 and 60%, preferably between 20 and 50%.
[0084] La porosité du support poreux 2 est ouverte, c'est-à-dire qu'elle forme un réseau de pores interconnectés dans les trois dimensions, ce qui permet au fluide filtré par la ou les couches séparatrices de traverser tout ou partie du support poreux 2 jusqu'à un système de collecte 7 du perméat P ayant traversé la ou les couches séparatrices. Comme cela décrit en détail dans la suite de la description, le système de collecte 7 du perméat P est aménagé dans le support poreux 2 ou comme illustré sur les Fig. 1 à 5, à l'extérieur du support poreux 2. Dans le cas où le système de collecte 7 du perméat P est aménagé dans le support poreux 2, le système de collecte 7 débouche sur l'extérieur du support poreux 2 par un ou plusieurs orifices 8 ou embouts 9 de collecte du perméat communiquant avec un circuit externe de récupération du perméat. Un tel circuit externe de récupération du perméat peut être réalisé de toute manière appropriée et comporte notamment par exemple, soit un appareillage pourvu de connexions tel que décrit aux Fig. 30 et 31 lorsque le système de collecte 7 débouche sur l'extérieur du support poreux 2 par des orifices 8 soit des tubulures pourvues de connexions destinées à être fixées de manière étanche sur les embouts 9 lorsque le système de collecte 7 débouche sur l'extérieur du support poreux 2 par de tels embouts. [0084] The porosity of the porous support 2 is open, that is to say it forms a network of interconnected pores in three dimensions, which allows the fluid filtered by the separating layer(s) to pass through all or part of the porous support 2 as far as a system 7 for collecting the permeate P having passed through the separating layer(s). As described in detail in the remainder of the description, the permeate P collection system 7 is arranged in the porous support 2 or as illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 5, outside the porous support 2. In the case where the collection system 7 of the permeate P is arranged in the porous support 2, the collection system 7 opens onto the outside of the porous support 2 by one or several orifices 8 or nozzles 9 for collecting the permeate communicating with an external circuit for recovering the permeate. Such an external permeate recovery circuit can be made in any appropriate way and comprises in particular, for example, either an apparatus provided with connections as described in FIGS. 30 and 31 when the collection system 7 opens onto the outside of the porous support 2 through orifices 8 or pipes provided with connections intended to be fixed in a sealed manner to the end pieces 9 when the collection system 7 opens onto the outside of the porous support 2 by such end pieces.
[0085]II est d'usage de mesurer la perméabilité à l'eau du support poreux 2 pour qualifier la résistance hydraulique du support poreux. En effet, dans un milieu poreux, l'écoulement stationnaire d'un fluide visqueux incompressible est régi par la loi de Darcy. La vitesse du fluide dans la porosité (le perméat) est proportionnelle au gradient de la pression et inversement proportionnelle à la viscosité dynamique du fluide, via un paramètre caractéristique appelé perméabilité qui peut être mesurée, par exemple, selon la norme française NF X 45-101 de Décembre 1996. It is customary to measure the water permeability of the porous support 2 to qualify the hydraulic resistance of the porous support. Indeed, in a porous medium, the stationary flow of an incompressible viscous fluid is governed by Darcy's law. The velocity of the fluid in the porosity (the permeate) is proportional to the pressure gradient and inversely proportional to the dynamic viscosity of the fluid, via a characteristic parameter called permeability which can be measured, for example, according to the French standard NF X 45- 101 of December 1996.
[0086] Classiquement, la ou les couches séparatrices mises en oeuvre dans le cadre de l'invention assurent la filtration du milieu liquide à traiter. Les couches séparatrices de filtration, par définition, se doivent d'avoir un diamètre moyen de pores inférieur à celui du support poreux. Les couches séparatrices délimitent la surface de l'élément de séparation par flux tangentiel destinée à être en contact avec le milieu liquide à traiter et le long de laquelle va circuler le milieu liquide à traiter. [0087] Les épaisseurs des couches séparatrices de filtration varient typiquement entre 1 pm et 100 pm d'épaisseur. Bien entendu, pour assurer sa fonction de séparation et servir de couche active, les couches séparatrices présentent un diamètre moyen de pores inférieur au diamètre moyen de pores du support poreux. Le plus souvent, le diamètre moyen de pores des couches séparatrices de filtration est au moins inférieur d'un facteur 3, et de préférence, d'au moins un facteur 5 par rapport à celui du support poreux. [0086] Conventionally, the separating layer(s) used in the context of the invention ensure the filtration of the liquid medium to be treated. Filtration separator layers, by definition, must have an average pore diameter smaller than that of the porous support. The separating layers delimit the surface of the tangential flow separation element intended to be in contact with the liquid medium to be treated and along which the liquid medium to be treated will circulate. The thicknesses of the separating filtration layers typically vary between 1 μm and 100 μm in thickness. Of course, to perform its separation function and serve as an active layer, the separating layers have an average pore diameter smaller than the average pore diameter of the porous support. Most often, the average pore diameter of the separating filtration layers is at least less by a factor of 3, and preferably, by at least a factor of 5 with respect to that of the porous support.
[0088] Les notions de couche séparatrice de microfiltration, ultrafiltration et nanofiltration sont bien connues de l’homme de l’art. Il est généralement admis que : The notions of separating layer of microfiltration, ultrafiltration and nanofiltration are well known to those skilled in the art. It is generally accepted that:
- les couches séparatrices de microfiltration présentent un diamètre moyen de pores compris entre 0,1 pm et 10 pm ; - the microfiltration separator layers have an average pore diameter of between 0.1 μm and 10 μm;
- les couches séparatrices d’ultrafiltration présentent un diamètre moyen de pores compris entre 10 nm et 0,1 pm ; - the ultrafiltration separating layers have an average pore diameter of between 10 nm and 0.1 μm;
- les couches séparatrices de nanofiltration présentent un diamètre moyen de pores compris entre 0,5 nm et 10 nm. - the nanofiltration separating layers have an average pore diameter of between 0.5 nm and 10 nm.
[0089]II est possible que cette couche de micro ou d'ultrafiltration, dite couche active, soit déposée directement sur le support poreux, ou encore sur une couche intermédiaire de diamètre moyen de pores moindre, elle-même déposée directement sur le support poreux. It is possible for this micro or ultrafiltration layer, called active layer, to be deposited directly on the porous support, or even on an intermediate layer of smaller average pore diameter, itself deposited directly on the porous support. .
[0090] La couche de séparation peut, par exemple être constituée d'une céramique, choisie parmi les oxydes, les nitrures, les carbures ou d'autres matériaux céramiques et leur mélanges, et, en particulier, d'oxyde de titane, d'alumine, de zircone ou d'un de leur mélange, de nitrure de titane, de nitrure d'aluminium, de nitrure de bore, de carbure de silicium éventuellement en mélange avec un autre matériau céramique. [0090] The separation layer may, for example, consist of a ceramic, chosen from oxides, nitrides, carbides or other ceramic materials and their mixtures, and, in particular, of titanium oxide, of alumina, zirconia or a mixture thereof, titanium nitride, aluminum nitride, boron nitride, silicon carbide optionally mixed with another ceramic material.
[0091] La couche de séparation peut aussi, par exemple, être constituée par un ou des polymères tels que PAN, PS, PSS, PES, PVDF, acétate de cellulose ou autres polymères. The separation layer can also, for example, consist of one or more polymers such as PAN, PS, PSS, PES, PVDF, cellulose acetate or other polymers.
[0092]Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, l'élément de séparation 1 comporte au moins un système interne de raccordement pour la distribution 10 du milieu liquide à traiter, aménagé dans le support poreux 2 pour répartir à partir d'au moins une entrée 11 aménagée dans le support poreux 2, le milieu liquide à traiter, dans une série de veines de circulation 6. L'élément de séparation 1 comporte également au moins un système interne de raccordement pour la collecte 12 du milieu liquide traité, aménagé dans le support poreux 2 pour collecter jusqu'à au moins une sortie 13 aménagée dans le support poreux 2, le milieu liquide traité provenant de la série de veines de circulation 2. Il doit être compris que le système interne de raccordement pour la distribution 10, la série de veines de circulation 6 et le système interne de raccordement pour la collecte 12 sont formés par des espaces vides pour la circulation du milieu liquide c'est-à- dire par des zones du support poreux 2 ne comportant pas de matière poreuse. According to one characteristic of the invention, the separation element 1 comprises at least one internal connection system for the distribution 10 of the medium liquid to be treated, provided in the porous support 2 to distribute from at least one inlet 11 provided in the porous support 2, the liquid medium to be treated, in a series of circulation veins 6. The separation element 1 comprises also at least one internal connection system for the collection 12 of the treated liquid medium, arranged in the porous support 2 to collect up to at least one outlet 13 arranged in the porous support 2, the treated liquid medium coming from the series of veins circulation 2. It should be understood that the internal connection system for the distribution 10, the series of circulation veins 6 and the internal connection system for the collection 12 are formed by empty spaces for the circulation of the liquid medium c' that is to say by areas of the porous support 2 not comprising any porous material.
[0093] Le système interne de raccordement pour la distribution 10 est aménagé de manière à répartir le milieu liquide dans une série de veines de circulation 6 à partir d'une entrée 11 pour le milieu liquide M aménagée dans le support poreux 2. Typiquement, ce système interne de raccordement pour la distribution 10 comporte à partir d'une entrée 11, un tronçon d'entrée commun 10e débouchant dans une bifurcation ou croisement 10b réalisé par le support poreux pour comporter autant de voies de distribution que de veines de circulation 6. Comme cela sera expliqué en détail dans la suite de la description, le système interne de raccordement pour la distribution 10 débouche par son entrée 11, sur l'extérieur du support poreux 10 par un ou plusieurs embouts 15 ou orifices 16 aménagés au niveau d'une surface plane extérieure 3, 4 ou au niveau d'une surface externe de liaison 5. L'entrée 11 pour le milieu liquide à traiter communique avec un circuit externe de circulation pouvant être réalisé de toute manière appropriée. Ce circuit externe de circulation comporte notamment par exemple, soit un appareillage pourvu de connexions tel que décrit par exemple aux Fig. 30 et 31 lorsque le système interne de raccordement pour la distribution 10 débouche sur l'extérieur du support poreux 2 par des orifices 16 soit des tubulures pourvues de connexions destinées à être fixées de manière étanche sur les embouts 15 lorsque le système interne de raccordement pour la distribution 10 débouche sur l'extérieur du support poreux 2 par de tels embouts 15. [0094] De manière similaire, le système interne de raccordement pour la collecte 12 est aménagé dans le support poreux 2 pour récupérer le milieu liquide des veines liquides et l'acheminer jusqu'à la sortie 13 aménagée dans le support poreux 2 et assurant l'évacuation du rétentat R. Typiquement, le système interne de raccordement pour la collecte 12 comporte à partir d'une sortie 13, un tronçon de sortie commun 12s débouchant dans un embranchement ou croisement 12e réalisé par le support poreux pour comporter autant de voies de collecte que de veines de circulation 6. Comme cela sera expliqué en détail dans la suite de la description, le système interne de raccordement pour la collecte 12 débouche par la sortie 13, sur l'extérieur du support poreux 2 par un ou plusieurs embouts 15 ou orifices 16 aménagés au niveau d'une surface plane extérieure 3, 4 ou au niveau d'une surface externe de liaison 5. La sortie 13 pour le rétentat communique avec un circuit externe de circulation pouvant être réalisé de toute manière appropriée. Ce circuit externe de circulation comporte notamment par exemple, soit un appareillage pourvu de connexions tel que décrit par exemple aux Fig. 30 et 31 lorsque le système interne de raccordement pour la collecte 12 débouche sur l'extérieur du support poreux 2 par des orifices 16 soit des tubulures pourvues de connexions destinées à être fixées de manière étanche sur les embouts 15 lorsque le système interne de raccordement pour la collecte 12 débouche sur l'extérieur du support poreux 2 par de tels embouts 15. The internal connection system for the distribution 10 is arranged so as to distribute the liquid medium in a series of circulation veins 6 from an inlet 11 for the liquid medium M arranged in the porous support 2. Typically, this internal connection system for distribution 10 comprises, from an inlet 11, a common inlet section 10e opening out into a bifurcation or crossing 10b produced by the porous support to comprise as many distribution channels as circulation veins 6 As will be explained in detail later in the description, the internal distribution connection system 10 opens via its inlet 11 onto the outside of the porous support 10 via one or more end pieces 15 or orifices 16 arranged at the level of an external flat surface 3, 4 or at an external connecting surface 5. The inlet 11 for the liquid medium to be treated communicates with an external circulation circuit which can be made in any appropriate way. This external circulation circuit comprises in particular, for example, either an apparatus provided with connections as described for example in FIGS. 30 and 31 when the internal connection system for distribution 10 opens onto the outside of the porous support 2 through orifices 16 or pipes provided with connections intended to be fixed in a sealed manner to the end pieces 15 when the internal connection system for the distribution 10 opens onto the outside of the porous support 2 via such end pieces 15. [0094] Similarly, the internal connection system for the collection 12 is arranged in the porous support 2 to recover the liquid medium from the liquid streams and convey it to the outlet 13 arranged in the porous support 2 and ensuring the evacuation of the retentate R. Typically, the internal connection system for the collection 12 comprises, from an outlet 13, a common outlet section 12s opening into a branch or crossing 12e made by the porous support to comprise as many paths of collection only of circulation veins 6. As will be explained in detail later in the description, the internal connection system for the collection 12 emerges via the outlet 13, on the outside of the porous support 2 by one or more end pieces 15 or orifices 16 arranged at the level of an outer planar surface 3, 4 or at the level of an outer connecting surface 5. The outlet 13 for the retentate communicates with an external circulation circuit which can be be done in any appropriate way. This external circulation circuit comprises in particular, for example, either an apparatus provided with connections as described for example in FIGS. 30 and 31 when the internal connection system for the collection 12 opens onto the outside of the porous support 2 through orifices 16 or pipes provided with connections intended to be fixed in a sealed manner on the end pieces 15 when the internal connection system for collection 12 opens onto the outside of porous support 2 via such end pieces 15.
[0095] Dans l'exemple illustré aux Fig. 1 et 2, le système interne de raccordement pour la distribution 10 et le système interne de raccordement pour la collecte 12 sont aménagés de manière asymétrique de part et d'autre des veines de circulation 6. Il est à noter que le système interne de raccordement pour la distribution 10 et le système interne de raccordement pour la collecte 12 peuvent être aménagés de manière symétrique de part et d'autre des veines de circulation 6, comme dans les exemples illustrés aux Fig. 3 et suivantes. [0095] In the example illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, the internal connection system for the distribution 10 and the internal connection system for the collection 12 are arranged asymmetrically on either side of the circulation veins 6. It should be noted that the internal connection system for the distribution 10 and the internal connection system for the collection 12 can be arranged symmetrically on either side of the circulation veins 6, as in the examples illustrated in FIGS. 3 and following.
[0096] Dans l'exemple illustré aux Fig. 1 et 2, l'élément de séparation 1 comporte deux veines de circulation 6 communiquant d'un côté avec une entrée 11, via le système interne de raccordement pour la distribution 10 et du côté opposé avec une sortie 13 via le système interne de raccordement pour la collecte 12. Bien entendu comme cela sera décrit en détail dans les différentes variantes de réalisation, l'élément de séparation 1 peut comporter entre une entrée 11 et une sortie 13, une série de veines de circulation 6 supérieure à deux. De même, l'élément de séparation 1 peut comporter plusieurs entrées 11 et plusieurs sorties 13, ainsi que plusieurs séries de veines de circulation 6 dont chacune d'entre elles communique avec une entrée 11 et une sortie 13. [0096] In the example illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, the separating element 1 comprises two circulation veins 6 communicating on one side with an inlet 11, via the internal connection system for the distribution 10 and on the opposite side with an outlet 13 via the internal connection system for collection 12. Good understood as will be described in detail in the different embodiments, the separation element 1 may comprise between an inlet 11 and an outlet 13, a series of circulation veins 6 greater than two. Similarly, the separation element 1 can comprise several inlets 11 and several outlets 13, as well as several series of circulation veins 6, each of which communicates with an inlet 11 and an outlet 13.
[0097]Selon une caractéristique avantageuse de l'invention, le système interne de raccordement pour la distribution 10 du milieu liquide à traiter, les veines de circulation 6 et le système interne de raccordement pour la collecte 12 du milieu liquide traité sont pourvus d'au moins une couche séparatrice continûment déposée entre l'entrée 11 et la sortie 13 du support poreux 2 de sorte que le milieu liquide circulant dans le support poreux 2 entre l'entrée 11 et la sortie 13, est uniquement en contact avec ladite couche séparatrice. En d'autres termes, les faces internes du système interne de raccordement pour la distribution 10, des veines de circulation 6 et du système interne de raccordement pour la collecte 12 sont pourvues d'au moins une couche séparatrice. Il s'ensuit que le milieu liquide circule dans le support poreux 2 en étant uniquement en contact avec une couche séparatrice. According to an advantageous characteristic of the invention, the internal connection system 10 for the distribution of the liquid medium to be treated, the circulation veins 6 and the internal connection system for the collection 12 of the treated liquid medium are provided with at least one separator layer continuously deposited between the inlet 11 and the outlet 13 of the porous support 2 so that the liquid medium circulating in the porous support 2 between the inlet 11 and the outlet 13 is only in contact with said separator layer . In other words, the internal faces of the internal connection system for the distribution 10, of the circulation veins 6 and of the internal connection system for the collection 12 are provided with at least one separating layer. It follows that the liquid medium circulates in the porous support 2 while only being in contact with a separating layer.
[0098]Selon une caractéristique de l'objet de l'invention, les veines de circulation 6 pour le milieu liquide à traiter sont aménagées dans le support poreux 2 pour posséder chacune une section droite rectangulaire définie par deux grands côtés parallèles entre eux de longueur a et deux petits côtés parallèles entre eux de largeur b. La section droite rectangulaire des veines de circulation 6 est prise perpendiculairement aux lignes de courant du liquide à traiter. Comme cela ressort de la Fig. 1, il est à noter que les côtés de la section droite rectangulaire des veines de circulation 6 ne sont pas forcément rectilignes. Cependant, selon une variante préférée de réalisation, tous les côtés de la section droite rectangulaire des veines de circulation 6 sont rectilignes. Avantageusement, la section droite rectangulaire des veines de circulation 6 est constante selon toute leur longueur ou étendue à savoir sur la distance prise entre le système interne de raccordement pour la distribution 10 et le système interne de raccordement pour la collecte 12. According to one characteristic of the object of the invention, the circulation veins 6 for the liquid medium to be treated are arranged in the porous support 2 to each have a rectangular cross section defined by two long sides parallel to each other of length a and two short sides parallel to each other of width b. The rectangular cross section of the circulation veins 6 is taken perpendicular to the flow lines of the liquid to be treated. As it appears from Fig. 1, it should be noted that the sides of the rectangular cross section of the circulation veins 6 are not necessarily rectilinear. However, according to a preferred variant embodiment, all the sides of the rectangular cross section of the circulation streams 6 are rectilinear. Advantageously, the rectangular cross section of the circulation veins 6 is constant along their entire length or extended, namely over the distance taken between the internal system connection for distribution 10 and the internal connection system for collection 12.
[0099]Selon une caractéristique avantageuse de réalisation, l'une des dimensions à savoir la largeur b des petits côtés de la section droite rectangulaire est au moins quatre fois inférieure à l'autre dimension à savoir la longueur a des grands côtés de la section droite rectangulaire des veines de circulation 6. Par exemple, la largeur b des petits côtés de la section droite rectangulaire est entre 4 et 80 fois inférieure à la longueur a des grands côtés de la section droite rectangulaire des veines de circulation 6. According to an advantageous embodiment characteristic, one of the dimensions, namely the width b of the short sides of the rectangular cross section, is at least four times less than the other dimension, namely the length a of the long sides of the cross section. rectangular line of the circulation veins 6. For example, the width b of the short sides of the rectangular straight section is between 4 and 80 times less than the length a of the long sides of the rectangular straight section of the circulation veins 6.
[0100] La description qui suit donne à titre d'illustration non limitative différentes variantes de réalisation de l'élément de séparation 1 conforme à l'invention dont le principe général est décrit en relation des Fig. 1 et 2. Toutes les caractéristiques de l'invention décrites en relation des Fig. 1 et 2 sont mises en oeuvres par ces différentes variantes de réalisation même si ces caractéristiques ne sont pas décrites en détail pour chacune d'entre elles. The description which follows gives, by way of non-limiting illustration, various variant embodiments of the separating element 1 in accordance with the invention, the general principle of which is described in relation to FIGS. 1 and 2. All the characteristics of the invention described in relation to FIGS. 1 and 2 are implemented by these different embodiments even if these characteristics are not described in detail for each of them.
[0101]Selon l'exemple illustré aux Fig. 1 et 2, les veines de circulation 6 sont aménagées dans le support poreux 2 en n'étant pas parallèle entre elles. Selon les exemples de réalisation illustrés aux Fig. 3 et suivantes, les veines de circulation 6 sont aménagées dans le support poreux 2 parallèlement les unes aux autres. Il est à noter que dans les exemples illustrés aux Fig. 3 à 13 et 25 à 29, les veines de circulation 6 sont délimitées par deux faces planes parallèles qui sont parallèles aux deux surfaces planes extérieures 3, 4 du support poreux 2 alors que dans les exemples des Fig. 14 à 24, les deux faces planes parallèles des veines de circulation 6 sont perpendiculaires aux deux surfaces planes extérieures 3, 4 du support poreux 2. [0101]According to the example illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, the circulation veins 6 are arranged in the porous support 2 while not being parallel to each other. According to the embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 3 and following, the circulation veins 6 are arranged in the porous support 2 parallel to each other. It should be noted that in the examples illustrated in Figs. 3 to 13 and 25 to 29, the circulation veins 6 are delimited by two parallel flat faces which are parallel to the two external flat surfaces 3, 4 of the porous support 2 whereas in the examples of FIGS. 14 to 24, the two parallel planar faces of the circulation veins 6 are perpendicular to the two outer planar surfaces 3, 4 of the porous support 2.
[0102]II est à noter que selon un exemple de réalisation non illustré, le support poreux 2 peut comporter au moins une veine de circulation 6 avec un volume flexueux tout en suivant la direction principale de circulation du fluide à traiter ; un volume flexueux étant défini par le déplacement autour d'un axe de référence selon une trajectoire curviligne, d'une section plane génératrice, cet axe de référence ne traversant pas ladite section génératrice et se trouvant contenu dans le volume du support poreux. Au moins une veine de circulation a une forme flexueuse périodique. [0102] It should be noted that according to an exemplary embodiment not illustrated, the porous support 2 may comprise at least one circulation vein 6 with a flexuous volume while following the main direction of circulation of the fluid to be treated; a flexuous volume being defined by the displacement around a reference axis along a curvilinear trajectory, of a planar generating section, this reference axis not crossing said generating section and being contained in the volume of the porous support. At least one circulation vein has a periodic flexuous shape.
[0103] Les Fig. 3 à 5 illustrent un exemple de réalisation d'un élément de séparation[0103] Figs. 3 to 5 illustrate an embodiment of a separating element
1 réalisé sous la forme d'un bloc aplatie de forme générale rectangulaire pourvu d'embouts 15 destinés à être raccordé à un circuit externe de circulation pour le milieu liquide. Cet élément de séparation 1 comporte un support poreux 2 comportant une première surface plane extérieure 3 et une deuxième surface plane extérieure 4 parallèles entre elles situées en vis-à-vis et raccordées entre elles par une surface de liaison 5 aménagée pour former deux faces de liaison parallèles entre elles et deux embouts 15 à chacune des deux extrémités opposées du support poreux 2. Les embouts 15 s'étendent selon une direction dont l'angle par rapport à la direction principale de circulation du fluide à traiter est égal à 0°. Bien entendu, les embouts 15 peuvent s'étendre selon des directions différentes comme dans des directions dont les angles par rapport à la direction principale de circulation du milieu liquide sont compris entre 0° et 90°. 1 made in the form of a flattened block of generally rectangular shape provided with end pieces 15 intended to be connected to an external circulation circuit for the liquid medium. This separation element 1 comprises a porous support 2 comprising a first outer planar surface 3 and a second outer planar surface 4 parallel to each other located opposite and connected to each other by a connecting surface 5 arranged to form two faces of connection parallel to each other and two end pieces 15 at each of the two opposite ends of the porous support 2. The end pieces 15 extend in a direction whose angle with respect to the main direction of circulation of the fluid to be treated is equal to 0°. Of course, the end pieces 15 can extend in different directions, such as in directions whose angles relative to the main direction of circulation of the liquid medium are between 0° and 90°.
[0104] Deux veines 6 de circulation sont aménagées dans le support poreux 2 parallèlement l'une à l'autre et en vis-à-vis et présentent chacune une section droite rectangulaire avec une largeur au moins quatre fois inférieure à la longueur. Ces deux veines de circulation 10 sont parallèles aux surfaces planes extérieures 3, 4. Ces veines de circulation 6 sont raccordées d'un côté avec le système interne de raccordement pour la distribution 10 aménagé dans le support poreux 2 et de l'autre côté, avec le système interne de raccordement pour la collecte 12 aménagé dans le support poreux 2. Le système interne de raccordement pour la distribution 10 débouche sur l'extérieur du support poreuxTwo circulation veins 6 are arranged in the porous support 2 parallel to each other and facing each other and each have a rectangular cross section with a width at least four times less than the length. These two circulation veins 10 are parallel to the outer flat surfaces 3, 4. These circulation veins 6 are connected on one side with the internal connection system for the distribution 10 arranged in the porous support 2 and on the other side, with the internal connection system for the collection 12 arranged in the porous support 2. The internal connection system for the distribution 10 leads to the outside of the porous support
2 par un embout 15 dans lequel est aménagée l'entrée 11 tandis que le système interne de raccordement pour la collecte 12 débouche sur l'extérieur du support poreux 2 par l'autre embout 15 dans lequel est aménagée la sortie 13. Selon cet exemple, le système de collecte 7 du perméat P n'est pas aménagé dans le support poreux 2 de sorte que le perméat est collecté au niveau des surfaces planes extérieures 3, 4 et de la surface de liaison 5. Aussi, le système de collecte 7 qui est situé à l'extérieur du support poreux 2, est réalisé par tous systèmes appropriés pour récupérer le perméat sortant de la surface extérieure du support poreux 2, comme un réceptacle. 2 by an end piece 15 in which the inlet 11 is arranged while the internal connection system for the collection 12 opens onto the outside of the porous support 2 by the other end piece 15 in which the outlet 13 is arranged. According to this example , the collection system 7 of the permeate P is not arranged in the porous support 2 so that the permeate is collected at the level of the outer flat surfaces 3, 4 and of the connecting surface 5. Also, the collection system 7 which is located outside the porous support 2, is produced by all systems suitable for recovering the permeate coming out of the outer surface of the porous support 2, as a receptacle.
[0105] Les Fig. 6 à 10 illustrent un autre exemple de réalisation d'un élément de séparation 1 réalisé sous la forme d'un bloc aplatie de forme générale rectangulaire pourvu d'embouts 15 destinés à être raccordé à un circuit externe de circulation pour le milieu liquide et d'embouts 9 destinés à raccorder à un circuit externe de collecte du perméat, le système de collecte 7 du perméat aménagé dans le support poreux 2 . Cet élément de séparation 1 comporte un support poreux 2 comportant une première surface plane extérieure 3 et une deuxième surface plane extérieure 4 parallèles entre elles et opposées en étant raccordées entre elles par une surface de liaison 5 aménagée pour former deux faces de liaison 51 parallèles entre elles. Ces deux faces de liaison 51 sont reliées entre elles à chacune de leurs extrémités, par la surface de liaison 5 aménagée pour former à une extrémité, un embout 15 délimitant l'entrée 11 pour le milieu liquide et un embout 9 de collecte du perméat et à l'autre extrémité, un embout 15 pour la sortie 13 du rétentat R et un autre embout 9 de collecte du perméat. Tel que cela ressort des dessins, les deux embouts 15 pour le milieu fluide et le rétentat sont alignés selon l'axe longitudinal de l'élément de séparation 1 tandis que les embouts 9 de collecte du perméat sont disposés symétriquement de part et d'autre des embouts 15 pour le milieu fluide et le rétentat. Par ailleurs, les embouts 9, 15 s'étendent selon une direction dont l'angle par rapport à la direction principale de circulation du fluide à traiter est égal à 0° mais il est clair que les embouts 9, 15 peuvent s'étendre selon des directions différentes comme dans des directions dont les angles par rapport à la direction principale de circulation du milieu liquide sont compris entre 0° et 90°. [0105] Figs. 6 to 10 illustrate another embodiment of a separation element 1 made in the form of a flattened block of generally rectangular shape provided with end pieces 15 intended to be connected to an external circulation circuit for the liquid medium and end pieces 9 intended to connect to an external permeate collection circuit, the permeate collection system 7 arranged in the porous support 2 . This separation element 1 comprises a porous support 2 comprising a first outer flat surface 3 and a second outer flat surface 4 parallel to each other and opposite each other by being connected to each other by a connecting surface 5 arranged to form two parallel connecting faces 51 between they. These two connecting faces 51 are connected to each other at each of their ends, by the connecting surface 5 arranged to form, at one end, an end piece 15 delimiting the inlet 11 for the liquid medium and an end piece 9 for collecting the permeate and at the other end, a nozzle 15 for the outlet 13 of the retentate R and another nozzle 9 for collecting the permeate. As shown in the drawings, the two end pieces 15 for the fluid medium and the retentate are aligned along the longitudinal axis of the separation element 1 while the permeate collection end pieces 9 are arranged symmetrically on either side. end pieces 15 for the fluid medium and the retentate. Furthermore, the end pieces 9, 15 extend in a direction whose angle relative to the main direction of circulation of the fluid to be treated is equal to 0° but it is clear that the end pieces 9, 15 can extend along different directions such as in directions whose angles relative to the main direction of circulation of the liquid medium are between 0° and 90°.
[0106] Deux veines 6 de circulation sont aménagées dans le support poreux 2 parallèlement l'une à l'autre et présentent chacune une section droite rectangulaire avec une largeur sensiblement trente fois inférieure à la longueur. Ces deux veines de circulation 6 sont parallèles aux surfaces planes extérieures 3, 4. Ces veines de circulation 6 sont raccordées d'un côté avec le système interne de raccordement pour la distribution 10 et de l'autre côté, avec le système interne de raccordement pour la collecte 12. Two veins 6 of circulation are arranged in the porous support 2 parallel to each other and each have a rectangular cross section with a width substantially thirty times less than the length. These two circulation veins 6 are parallel to the outer flat surfaces 3, 4. These circulation veins 6 are connected on one side with the system internal connection for distribution 10 and on the other side, with the internal connection system for collection 12.
[0107] Le système interne de raccordement pour la distribution 10 comporte un tronçon d'entrée commun 10e formé par un conduit tubulaire aménagé dans l'embout 15 et débouchant sur l'extérieur du support poreux 2 à l'extrémité de l'embout 15, par l'entrée 11 (Fig. 10). Le tronçon d'entrée commun 10e communique à l'opposé de l'entrée 11 via une bifurcation 10b aménagée dans le support poreux, avec les deux veines de circulation 6. De manière similaire, le système interne de raccordement pour la collecte 12 comporte un tronçon de sortie commun 12s formé par un conduit tubulaire aménagé dans l'embout 15 et débouchant sur l'extérieur du support poreux 2, à l'extrémité de l'embout, par la sortie 13. Le tronçon de sortie commun 12s communique à l'opposé de la sortie 13, via un embranchement 12e aménagé dans le support poreux 2, avec les deux veines de circulation 6. [0107] The internal connection system for distribution 10 comprises a common inlet section 10e formed by a tubular duct arranged in the endpiece 15 and leading to the outside of the porous support 2 at the end of the endpiece 15 , through entrance 11 (Fig. 10). The common inlet section 10e communicates opposite the inlet 11 via a bifurcation 10b arranged in the porous support, with the two circulation veins 6. Similarly, the internal connection system for the collection 12 comprises a common outlet section 12s formed by a tubular duct arranged in the endpiece 15 and opening onto the outside of the porous support 2, at the end of the endpiece, via the outlet 13. The common outlet section 12s communicates with the opposite the outlet 13, via a 12th branch arranged in the porous support 2, with the two circulation veins 6.
[0108]Selon cet exemple de réalisation, le système interne de raccordement pour la distribution 10 et le système interne de raccordement pour la collecte 12 sont aménagés de manière symétrique de part et d'autre des veines de circulation 6, de sorte que les embouts 15 sont centrés sur l'axe longitudinal passant par le milieu du support poreux 2. Bien entendu, comme indiqué ci-avant, les faces internes du système interne de raccordement pour la distribution 10, les faces internes des veines de circulation 6 et les faces internes du système interne de raccordement pour la collecte 12 sont pourvues d'au moins une couche séparatrice. According to this embodiment, the internal connection system for the distribution 10 and the internal connection system for the collection 12 are arranged symmetrically on either side of the circulation veins 6, so that the end pieces 15 are centered on the longitudinal axis passing through the middle of the porous support 2. Of course, as indicated above, the internal faces of the internal connection system for the distribution 10, the internal faces of the circulation veins 6 and the faces internal connection system for internal collection 12 are provided with at least one separating layer.
[0109]Selon cet exemple de réalisation, le système de collecte 7 du perméat P est aménagé dans le support poreux 2 de sorte que les surfaces planes extérieures 3, 4 et la surface de liaison 5 sont rendues étanches. Bien entendu, les embouts 15 délimitant l'entrée 11 et la sortie 13 et les deux embouts 9 de collecte du perméat qui sont formés par la surface de liaison 5, sont rendus également étanches extérieurement. Tel que cela ressort plus précisément des Fig. 8 et 9, le système de collecte 7 comporte un réseau de huit canaux 7a aménagés dans le support 2 parallèlement entre eux selon un même plan et entre les deux veines de circulation 6 pour récupérer le perméat P ayant traversé la ou les couches séparatrices et le support 2. Les canaux 7a sont séparés entre eux par des cloisons longitudinales 2a et sont séparés des veines de circulation 6 par des cloisons de séparation 2b. Ces canaux 7a communiquent entre eux à chaque extrémité, par un canal de collecte 7c se prolongeant par un conduit 7d aménagé dans un embout 9 pour déboucher à l'extérieur du support poreux 2, à l'extrémité de l'embout 9. Tel que cela ressort des dessins, un premier embout 9 de sortie pour le perméat P est aménagé parallèlement à l'embout 15 définissant l'entrée 11 pour le milieu liquide tandis qu'un deuxième embout 9 de sortie pour le perméat P est aménagé parallèlement à l'embout 15 définissant la sortie 13 pour le milieu liquide. [0109] According to this example embodiment, the collection system 7 for the permeate P is arranged in the porous support 2 so that the outer flat surfaces 3, 4 and the connecting surface 5 are sealed. Of course, the end pieces 15 delimiting the inlet 11 and the outlet 13 and the two end pieces 9 for collecting the permeate which are formed by the connecting surface 5, are also sealed externally. As shown more precisely in Figs. 8 and 9, the collection system 7 comprises a network of eight channels 7a arranged in the support 2 parallel to each other according to the same plane and between the two veins circulation 6 to recover the permeate P having passed through the separating layer or layers and the support 2. The channels 7a are separated from each other by longitudinal partitions 2a and are separated from the circulation streams 6 by separating partitions 2b. These channels 7a communicate with each other at each end, by a collecting channel 7c extending by a duct 7d arranged in an end piece 9 to emerge outside the porous support 2, at the end of the end piece 9. As as is apparent from the drawings, a first outlet nozzle 9 for the permeate P is arranged parallel to the nozzle 15 defining the inlet 11 for the liquid medium, while a second outlet nozzle 9 for the permeate P is arranged parallel to the tip 15 defining the outlet 13 for the liquid medium.
[0110]Selon cet exemple des Fig. 6 à 10, les embouts 9, 15 de raccordement respectivement à un circuit externe de récupération du perméat et aux circuits d'amenée du milieu liquide et de sortie du rétentat sont du type tubulaire cannelés. Bien entendu, les embouts 9, 15 de raccordement peuvent être aménagés pour présenter un système de raccordement d'un type différent. La Fig. 11 illustre un exemple de réalisation d'un élément de séparation 1 identique à l'exemple illustré aux Fig. 6 à 10 à la différence que les embouts 9, 15 sont lisses. Selon une autre variante de réalisation non illustrée, les embouts 9, 15 peuvent être filetés. [0110]According to this example of FIGS. 6 to 10, the end pieces 9, 15 for connection respectively to an external permeate recovery circuit and to the liquid medium supply and retentate outlet circuits are of the fluted tubular type. Of course, the ends 9, 15 of connection can be arranged to present a connection system of a different type. Fig. 11 illustrates an embodiment of a separation element 1 identical to the example illustrated in FIGS. 6 to 10 with the difference that the end pieces 9, 15 are smooth. According to another embodiment not shown, the end pieces 9, 15 can be threaded.
[0111] Les Fig. 12 et 13, 13A-13D illustrent un autre exemple de réalisation d'un élément de séparation 1 de conception identique à l'exemple illustré aux Fig. 6 à 10, à la différence que le système interne de raccordement pour la distribution 10 du milieu liquide à traiter et le système interne de raccordement pour la collecte 12 du milieu liquide traité sont aménagés de manière asymétrique de part et d'autre des veines de circulation 6. Ainsi, les éléments communs entre l'élément de séparation 1 décrit aux Fig. 6 à 10 et cet autre exemple de réalisation ne seront pas repris. L'embout 15 définissant l'entrée 11 pour le milieu liquide est décalé d'un côté par rapport à l'axe longitudinal passant par le milieu du support poreux 2 tandis que l'embout 15 définissant la sortie 13 pour le perméat P est décalé de l'autre côté par rapport l'axe longitudinal passant par le milieu du support poreux 2. Ainsi, l'élément de séparation 1 comporte à chacune de ses extrémités, un embout 9 de sortie pour le perméat P s'étendant de manière symétrique par rapport à l'axe longitudinal passant par le milieu du support poreux 2A, avec un embout 15 définissant l'entrée 11 ou la sortie 13. [0111] Figs. 12 and 13, 13A-13D illustrate another embodiment of a separation element 1 of identical design to the example illustrated in FIGS. 6 to 10, with the difference that the internal connection system 10 for the distribution of the liquid medium to be treated and the internal connection system 12 for the collection of the treated liquid medium are arranged asymmetrically on either side of the veins of circulation 6. Thus, the common elements between the separating element 1 described in FIGS. 6 to 10 and this other embodiment will not be repeated. The end piece 15 defining the inlet 11 for the liquid medium is offset on one side with respect to the longitudinal axis passing through the middle of the porous support 2 while the end piece 15 defining the outlet 13 for the permeate P is offset on the other side with respect to the longitudinal axis passing through the middle of the porous support 2. Thus, the separation element 1 comprises at each of its ends, an outlet nozzle 9 for the permeate P extending symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal axis passing through the middle of the porous support 2A, with a tip 15 defining the inlet 11 or the outlet 13.
[0112] Tel que ressort des figures, cet élément de séparation 1 de forme générale rectangulaire aplatie comporte ainsi à une première extrémité, un embout 15 définissant l'entrée 11 et aligné avec un embout 9 de sortie pour le perméat situé à la deuxième extrémité tandis que cette deuxième extrémité est pourvue d'un embout 15 définissant la sortie 13 et aligné avec un embout 9 de sortie pour le perméat. As shown in the figures, this separation element 1 of generally flattened rectangular shape thus comprises, at a first end, an end piece 15 defining the inlet 11 and aligned with an outlet end piece 9 for the permeate located at the second end. while this second end is provided with a nozzle 15 defining the outlet 13 and aligned with an outlet nozzle 9 for the permeate.
[0113]Six veines 6 de circulation sont aménagées dans le support poreux 2 parallèlement l'une à l'autre et présentent chacune une section droite rectangulaire avec une largeur des petits côtés sensiblement 50 fois inférieure à la longueur des grands côtés. Ces six veines de circulation 6 sont parallèles aux surfaces planes extérieures 3, 4. Ces veines de circulation 6 sont raccordées d'un côté avec le système interne de raccordement pour la distribution 10 et de l'autre côté, avec le système interne de raccordement pour la collecte 12. Six circulation veins 6 are arranged in the porous support 2 parallel to each other and each have a rectangular cross section with a width of the short sides substantially 50 times less than the length of the long sides. These six circulation veins 6 are parallel to the outer flat surfaces 3, 4. These circulation veins 6 are connected on one side with the internal connection system for the distribution 10 and on the other side, with the internal connection system for collection 12.
[0114] Le système interne de raccordement pour la distribution 10 comporte un tronçon d'entrée commun 10e formé par un conduit tubulaire aménagé dans l'embout 15 et débouchant sur l'extérieur du support poreux 2 à l'extrémité de l'embout 15, par l'entrée 11 (Fig. 13B). Le tronçon d'entrée commun 10e communique à l'opposé de l'entrée 11 via une bifurcation 10b aménagée dans le support poreux 2, avec les six veines de circulation 6. De manière similaire, le système interne de raccordement pour la collecte 12 comporte un tronçon de sortie commun 12s formé par un conduit tubulaire aménagé dans l'embout 15 et débouchant sur l'extérieur du support poreux 2, à l'extrémité de l'embout, par la sortie 13 (Fig. 13A). Le tronçon de sortie commun 12s communique à l'opposé de la sortie 13, via un embranchement 12e aménagé dans le support poreux 2, avec les six veines de circulation 6. [0114] The internal connection system for distribution 10 comprises a common inlet section 10e formed by a tubular duct arranged in the endpiece 15 and leading to the outside of the porous support 2 at the end of the endpiece 15 , through inlet 11 (FIG. 13B). The common inlet section 10e communicates opposite the inlet 11 via a bifurcation 10b arranged in the porous support 2, with the six circulation veins 6. Similarly, the internal connection system for the collection 12 comprises a common outlet section 12s formed by a tubular duct arranged in the end piece 15 and opening onto the outside of the porous support 2, at the end of the end piece, via the outlet 13 (FIG. 13A). The common outlet section 12s communicates opposite the outlet 13, via a 12th branch arranged in the porous support 2, with the six circulation veins 6.
[0115]Selon cet exemple de réalisation, le système interne de raccordement pour la distribution 10 et le système interne de raccordement pour la collecte 12 sont aménagés de manière asymétrique de part et d'autre des veines de circulation 6. Bien entendu, comme indiqué ci-avant, les faces internes du système interne de raccordement pour la distribution 10, les faces internes des veines de circulation 6 et les faces internes du système interne de raccordement pour la collecte 12 sont pourvues d'au moins une couche séparatrice. According to this embodiment, the internal connection system for distribution 10 and the internal connection system for collection 12 are arranged asymmetrically on either side of the circulation veins 6. Of course, as indicated above, the internal faces of the internal connection system for the distribution 10, the internal faces of the circulation veins 6 and the internal faces of the internal connection system for collection 12 are provided with at least one separating layer.
[0116]Selon cet exemple de réalisation, le système de collecte 7 du perméat P est aménagé dans le support poreux 2 de sorte que les surfaces planes extérieures 3, 4 et la surface de liaison 5 sont rendues étanches. Bien entendu, les embouts 15 délimitant l'entrée 11 et la sortie 13 et les deux embouts 9 de collecte du perméat qui sont formés par la surface de liaison 5, sont rendus également étanches extérieurement. Tel que cela ressort plus précisément des Fig. 13C et 13D, le système de collecte 7 comporte un réseau de sept canaux 7a aménagés parallèlement entre eux et aux surfaces planes extérieures 3, 4 en se présentant chacun sous la forme d'une nappe. Les canaux 7a sont intercalés entre les veines de circulation 6 et les surfaces planes extérieures 3, 4 en étant séparés des veines de circulation 6 par des cloisons 2b de manière à récupérer le perméat P ayant traversé la ou les couches séparatrices et les cloisons 2b du support 2. Ces canaux 7a communiquent entre eux par une chambre de collecte 7c se prolongeant par un conduit 7d aménagé dans chaque embout 9 pour déboucher à l'extérieur du support poreux 2, à l'extrémité de l'embout 9, comme illustré à la Fig. 13D par exemple. Il est à noter que la Fig. 13D montre la forme des cloisons 2b aménagée dans le support poreux 2 pour délimiter les canaux 7a mais également la bifurcation 10b et l'embranchement 12e. According to this embodiment, the collection system 7 for the permeate P is arranged in the porous support 2 so that the outer flat surfaces 3, 4 and the connecting surface 5 are sealed. Of course, the end pieces 15 delimiting the inlet 11 and the outlet 13 and the two end pieces 9 for collecting the permeate which are formed by the connecting surface 5, are also sealed externally. As shown more precisely in Figs. 13C and 13D, the collection system 7 comprises a network of seven channels 7a arranged parallel to each other and to the outer flat surfaces 3, 4, each in the form of a layer. The channels 7a are interposed between the circulation veins 6 and the flat outer surfaces 3, 4, being separated from the circulation veins 6 by partitions 2b so as to recover the permeate P having passed through the separating layer(s) and the partitions 2b of the support 2. These channels 7a communicate with each other via a collection chamber 7c extending by a duct 7d arranged in each end piece 9 to emerge outside the porous support 2, at the end of the end piece 9, as illustrated in Fig. 13D for example. It should be noted that Fig. 13D shows the shape of the partitions 2b arranged in the porous support 2 to delimit the channels 7a but also the bifurcation 10b and the branch 12e.
[0117]II est à noter que la Fig. 12 illustre un exemple de réalisation d'un élément de séparation 1 pour lequel les embouts 9, 15 sont lisses alors que dans l'exemple de réalisation illustré à la Fig. 13, les embouts 9, 15 sont filetés. [0117] It should be noted that FIG. 12 illustrates an embodiment of a separation element 1 for which the end pieces 9, 15 are smooth whereas in the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 13, the ends 9, 15 are threaded.
[0118] Les Fig. 14 à 18 illustrent un autre exemple de réalisation d'un élément de séparation 1 relevant du mode à orifices de raccordement et réalisé sous la forme d'un bloc parallélépipède rectangle destiné à être monté dans un appareillage 20 illustré aux Fig. 30 et 31 et pourvu de connexions pour assurer d'une part l'entrée du milieu liquide à traiter et la sortie du rétentat ainsi que d'autre part la collecte du perméat. Cet élément de séparation 1 comporte un support poreux 2 comportant une première surface plane extérieure 3 et une deuxième surface plane extérieure 4 parallèles entre elles et opposées l'une à l'autre en étant raccordées entre elles par une surface de liaison 5 aménagée pour former deux grandes faces de liaison 5g parallèles entre elles et reliées entre elles à leurs extrémités par deux petites faces de liaison 5p parallèles entre elles. [0118] Figs. 14 to 18 illustrate another exemplary embodiment of a separation element 1 relating to the mode with connection orifices and produced in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped block intended to be mounted in an apparatus 20 illustrated in FIGS. 30 and 31 and provided with connections to ensure on the one hand the inlet of the liquid medium to be treated and the outlet of the retentate as well as on the other hand the collection permeate. This separation element 1 comprises a porous support 2 comprising a first outer planar surface 3 and a second outer planar surface 4 parallel to each other and opposite to each other, being connected to each other by a connecting surface 5 arranged to form two large connecting faces 5g parallel to each other and connected to each other at their ends by two small connecting faces 5p parallel to each other.
[0119] Dans l'exemple illustré, l'élément de séparation 1 comporte cinq entrées 11 pour le milieu liquide M et cinq sorties 13 pour le rétentat R débouchant sur l'extérieur du support poreux 10 par des orifices 16 aménagés au niveau de la surface plane extérieure 3, voire également comme illustré à la Fig. 17, au niveau de la deuxième surface extérieure 4 pour permettre un montage superposé des éléments de séparation 1 et une communication pour le milieu fluide entre les éléments de séparation. L'élément de séparation 1 comporte aussi deux rangées superposées de cinq séries de veines de circulation 6 dont chacune d'entre elles communique avec une entrée 11 via le système interne de raccordement pour la distribution 10 et une sortie 13 via le système interne de raccordement pour la collecte 12. In the example illustrated, the separation element 1 comprises five inlets 11 for the liquid medium M and five outlets 13 for the retentate R opening out onto the outside of the porous support 10 through orifices 16 arranged at the level of the outer flat surface 3, or also as illustrated in FIG. 17, at the level of the second outer surface 4 to allow superimposed mounting of the separation elements 1 and communication for the fluid medium between the separation elements. The separation element 1 also comprises two superimposed rows of five series of circulation veins 6, each of which communicates with an inlet 11 via the internal connection system for the distribution 10 and an outlet 13 via the internal connection system for collection 12.
[0120] Dans chaque rangée superposée, trois séries comportent trois veines de circulation 6 tandis que deux séries comportent deux veines de circulation 6. Ces veines de circulation 6 sont aménagées dans le support poreux 2 parallèlement les unes aux autres en étant séparés par des cloisons de séparation 2b. Ces veines de circulation 6 présentent chacune une section droite rectangulaire avec une largeur sensiblement dix fois inférieure à la longueur. Ces veines de circulation 6 sont perpendiculaires aux surfaces planes extérieures 3, 4. Ces veines de circulation 6 sont raccordées d'un côté avec le système interne de raccordement pour la distribution 10 comportant pour chaque série de veines de circulation, un tronçon d'entrée commun 10e formé par un conduit tubulaire communiquant via une bifurcation 10b aménagé dans le support poreux 2, avec toutes les veines d'une série et débouchant sur au moins l'une et dans l'exemple illustré sur les deux surfaces planes extérieures 3, 4 par les orifices 16. Ces veines de circulation 6 sont raccordées de l'autre côté, avec le système interne de raccordement pour la collecte 12 comportant pour chaque série de veines de circulation, un tronçon de sortie commun 12s formé par un conduit tubulaire communiquant via un embranchement 12e aménagé dans le support poreux 2, avec toutes les veines d'une série et débouchant sur au moins l'une, et dans l'exemple illustré, sur les deux surfaces planes extérieures 3, 4, par les orifices 16. In each superimposed row, three series comprise three circulation veins 6 while two series comprise two circulation veins 6. These circulation veins 6 are arranged in the porous support 2 parallel to each other, being separated by partitions of separation 2b. These circulation veins 6 each have a rectangular cross section with a width substantially ten times less than the length. These circulation veins 6 are perpendicular to the outer flat surfaces 3, 4. These circulation veins 6 are connected on one side with the internal connection system for the distribution 10 comprising for each series of circulation veins, an inlet section 10th common formed by a tubular conduit communicating via a bifurcation 10b arranged in the porous support 2, with all the veins of a series and emerging on at least one and in the example illustrated on the two external flat surfaces 3, 4 through the orifices 16. These circulation veins 6 are connected on the other side, with the internal system connection for the collection 12 comprising for each series of circulation veins, a common outlet section 12s formed by a tubular conduit communicating via a branch 12e arranged in the porous support 2, with all the veins of a series and leading to at least least one, and in the example shown, on the two outer flat surfaces 3, 4, through the orifices 16.
[0121] Pour les veines de circulation 6 de chaque série, le système interne de raccordement pour la distribution 10 et le système interne de raccordement pour la collecte 12 sont aménagés dans le support poreux 2 de manière symétrique de part et d'autre des veines de circulation 6, avec les orifices 16 aménagés selon deux lignes symétriques par rapport à l'axe longitudinal parallèle aux grandes faces de liaison 5g et passant par le milieu du support poreux 2. Les tronçons d'entrée communs 10e et les tronçons de sortie communs 12s s'étendent parallèlement à une direction qui est perpendiculaire aux surfaces planes extérieures 3, 4 mais également perpendiculaire à la direction principale de circulation du milieu liquide. Les tronçons d'entrée communs 10e sont aménagés parallèlement et à proximité d'une grande face de liaison 5g tandis que les tronçons de sortie communs 12s sont aménagés parallèlement et à proximité de l'autre grande face de liaison 5g. For the circulation veins 6 of each series, the internal connection system for the distribution 10 and the internal connection system for the collection 12 are arranged in the porous support 2 symmetrically on either side of the veins. of circulation 6, with the orifices 16 arranged along two lines symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal axis parallel to the large connecting faces 5g and passing through the middle of the porous support 2. The common inlet sections 10e and the common outlet sections 12s extend parallel to a direction which is perpendicular to the flat outer surfaces 3, 4 but also perpendicular to the main direction of circulation of the liquid medium. The common input sections 10e are arranged parallel to and close to a large connecting face 5g while the common output sections 12s are arranged parallel to and close to the other large connecting face 5g.
[0122] Bien entendu, le nombre de veines de circulation 6 par série, le nombre de séries de veines de circulation 6 et le nombre de rangées de veines de circulation 6 sont données uniquement à titre d'illustration. De même, comme indiqué ci- avant, les faces internes du système interne de raccordement pour la distribution 10, les faces internes des veines de circulation 6 et les faces internes du système interne de raccordement pour la collecte 12 sont pourvues d'au moins une couche séparatrice. Of course, the number of circulation veins 6 per series, the number of series of circulation veins 6 and the number of rows of circulation veins 6 are given solely by way of illustration. Similarly, as indicated above, the internal faces of the internal connection system for the distribution 10, the internal faces of the circulation veins 6 and the internal faces of the internal connection system for the collection 12 are provided with at least one separating layer.
[0123] Selon cet exemple, le système de collecte 7 du perméat P est aménagé dans le support poreux 2 mais également en creux dans au moins une et dans l'exemple illustré, les deux surfaces planes extérieures 3, 4 du support poreux 2 pour collecter le perméat ayant traversé la ou les couches séparatrices. Le système de collecte 7 comporte ainsi comme illustré aux Fig. 16 et 18, d'une part, quatre série de trois canaux 7e superposés aménagés dans le support poreux 2 entre les deux surfaces planes extérieures 3, 4 et entre deux séries voisines de veines de circulation 6 et d'autre part, une gouttière 7f aménagée dans chaque surface plane extérieure 3, 4, dans l'alignement de chaque série de canaux. Les trois canaux 7e et les deux gouttières 7f de chacune de ces séries communiquent à chaque extrémité avec des cavités tubulaires 7g débouchant par des orifices 8 aménagés sur au moins l'une et dans l'exemple illustré, sur les deux surfaces planes extérieures 3, 4. Les cavités tubulaires 7g sont aménagées parallèlement entre elles mais également parallèlement aux tronçons d'entrée communs 10e et aux tronçons de sortie communs 12s. Avantageusement, une partie des cavités tubulaires 7g et les tronçons d'entrée communs 10e sont aménagés dans un même plan tandis qu'une autre partie des cavités tubulaires 7g et les tronçons de sortie communs 12s sont aménagés dans un même plan. According to this example, the collection system 7 for the permeate P is arranged in the porous support 2 but also recessed in at least one and, in the example illustrated, the two outer flat surfaces 3, 4 of the porous support 2 for collecting the permeate having passed through the separating layer or layers. The collection system 7 thus comprises, as illustrated in FIGS. 16 and 18, a hand, four series of three superimposed channels 7e arranged in the porous support 2 between the two external flat surfaces 3, 4 and between two neighboring series of circulation veins 6 and on the other hand, a gutter 7f arranged in each external flat surface 3 , 4, in line with each series of channels. The three channels 7e and the two gutters 7f of each of these series communicate at each end with tubular cavities 7g opening out through orifices 8 arranged on at least one and in the example illustrated, on the two outer flat surfaces 3, 4. The tubular cavities 7g are arranged parallel to each other but also parallel to the common inlet sections 10e and to the common outlet sections 12s. Advantageously, part of the tubular cavities 7g and the common inlet sections 10e are arranged in the same plane while another part of the tubular cavities 7g and the common outlet sections 12s are arranged in the same plane.
[0124] Il est à noter que le reste des surfaces planes extérieures 3, 4 non aménagé en creux ou en gouttières 7f est rendue étanche. En d'autres termes, la totalité des surfaces planes extérieures 3, 4 est rendue étanche à l'exception des gouttières 7f. De même, la surface de liaison 5 est rendue étanche. Le raccordement des orifices 8, 16 respectivement à un circuit externe de récupération du perméat et à un circuit de circulation du milieu liquide sera décrit plus en détail dans la suite de la description en relation des Fig. 30 et 31. [0124] It should be noted that the rest of the flat outer surfaces 3, 4 not arranged in recesses or gutters 7f is sealed. In other words, all of the outer flat surfaces 3, 4 are sealed with the exception of the gutters 7f. Similarly, the connecting surface 5 is sealed. The connection of the orifices 8, 16 respectively to an external circuit for recovering the permeate and to a circulation circuit for the liquid medium will be described in more detail in the following description in relation to FIGS. 30 and 31.
[0125] Les Fig. 19 à 24 illustrent un autre exemple de réalisation d'un élément de séparation 1 relevant du mode à orifices de raccordement et réalisé sous la forme d'un parallélépipède rectangle. Cet exemple de réalisation est de conception identique à l'exemple illustré aux Fig. 14 à 18 à la différence que le système de récupération 7 du perméat est réalisé uniquement en surface du support poreux 2. Cet élément de séparation 1 comporte un support poreux 2 comportant une première surface plane extérieure 3 et une deuxième surface plane extérieure 4 parallèles entre elles et opposées l'une à l'autre en étant raccordées entre elles par une surface de liaison 5 aménagée pour former deux grandes faces de liaison 5g parallèles entre elles et reliées entre elles à leurs extrémités par deux petites faces de liaison 5p parallèles entre elles. [0126] L'élément de séparation 1 comporte cinq entrées 11 pour le milieu liquide M et cinq sorties 13 pour le rétentat R débouchant sur l'extérieur du support poreux 10 par des orifices 16 aménagés au niveau de la surface plane extérieure 3, voire également comme illustré à la Fig. 21, au niveau de la deuxième surface extérieure 4 pour permettre un montage superposé des éléments de séparation 1. Dans l'exemple illustré aux Fig. 19 à 22, l'élément de séparation 1 comporte une rangée de cinq séries de veines de circulation 6 dont chacune d'entre elles communique avec une entrée 11 via le système interne de raccordement pour la distribution 10 et une sortie 13 via le système interne de raccordement pour la collecte 12. Bien entendu, le nombre de veines de circulation 6 par série, le nombre de séries de veines de circulation 6 et le nombre de rangées de veines de circulation 6 sont données uniquement à titre d'illustration. A titre d'exemple, les Fig. 23 et 24 illustrent une variante de réalisation identique à la variante de réalisation illustrée aux Fig. 19 à 22 à la différence que les veines de circulation 6 sont réparties selon deux rangées superposées. [0125] Figs. 19 to 24 illustrate another exemplary embodiment of a separating element 1 relating to the mode with connection orifices and produced in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped. This exemplary embodiment is identical in design to the example illustrated in FIGS. 14 to 18, with the difference that the permeate recovery system 7 is produced only on the surface of the porous support 2. This separation element 1 comprises a porous support 2 comprising a first flat outer surface 3 and a second flat outer surface 4 parallel between they are opposite to each other while being connected to each other by a connecting surface 5 arranged to form two large connecting faces 5g parallel to each other and connected to each other at their ends by two small connecting faces 5p parallel to each other . The separation element 1 comprises five inlets 11 for the liquid medium M and five outlets 13 for the retentate R opening out onto the outside of the porous support 10 through orifices 16 arranged at the level of the flat outer surface 3, or even also as shown in Fig. 21, at the level of the second outer surface 4 to allow superimposed mounting of the separation elements 1. In the example illustrated in FIGS. 19 to 22, the separating element 1 comprises a row of five series of circulation veins 6, each of which communicates with an inlet 11 via the internal connection system for distribution 10 and an outlet 13 via the internal system connection for the collection 12. Of course, the number of circulation veins 6 per series, the number of series of circulation veins 6 and the number of rows of circulation veins 6 are given solely by way of illustration. By way of example, Figs. 23 and 24 illustrate a variant embodiment identical to the variant embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 19 to 22 with the difference that the circulation veins 6 are distributed in two superimposed rows.
[0127]Chaque rangée comporte cinq séries de veines de circulation 6 dont les trois séries centrales comportent chacune six veines de circulation 6 tandis que les deux séries d'extrémité situées à proximité des petites faces de liaison 5p comportent chacune quatre veines de circulation 6. Ces veines de circulation 6 sont aménagées dans le support poreux 2 parallèlement les unes aux autres et présentent chacune une section droite rectangulaire avec une largeur sensiblement dix fois inférieure à la longueur. Ces veines de circulation 6 sont perpendiculaires aux surfaces planes extérieures 3, 4. Ces veines de circulation 6 sont raccordées d'un côté avec le système interne de raccordement pour la distribution 10 aménagé dans le support poreux 2 et comportant pour chaque série de veines de circulation, un tronçon d'entrée commun 10e formé par un conduit tubulaire communiquant, via une bifurcation 10b aménagé dans le support poreux 2, avec toutes les veines d'une série et débouchant sur au moins l'une et dans l'exemple illustré sur les deux surfaces planes extérieures 3, 4 par les orifices 16. Ces veines de circulation 6 sont raccordées de l'autre côté, avec le système interne de raccordement pour la collecte 12 aménagé dans le support poreux 2 et comportant également pour chaque série de veines de circulation, un tronçon de sortie commun 12s formé par un conduit tubulaire communiquant via un embranchement 12e aménagé dans le support poreux, avec toutes les veines d'une série et débouchant sur au moins l'une, et dans l'exemple illustré sur les deux surfaces planes extérieures 3, 4 par les orifices 16. Pour les veines de circulation 6 de chaque série, le système interne de raccordement pour la distribution 10 et le système interne de raccordement pour la collecte 12 sont aménagés de manière symétrique de part et d'autre des veines de circulation 6, avec les orifices 16 aménagés selon deux lignes symétriques par rapport à l'axe longitudinal parallèle aux grandes faces de liaison 5g et passant par le milieu du support poreux 2. Comme indiqué ci-avant, les faces internes du système interne de raccordement pour la distribution 10, les faces internes des veines de circulation 6 et les faces internes du système interne de raccordement pour la collecte 12 sont pourvues d'au moins une couche séparatrice. [0127] Each row has five series of circulation veins 6, the three central series of which each have six circulation veins 6, while the two end series located near the small connecting faces 5p each have four circulation veins 6. These circulation veins 6 are arranged in the porous support 2 parallel to each other and each have a rectangular cross section with a width substantially ten times less than the length. These circulation veins 6 are perpendicular to the outer flat surfaces 3, 4. These circulation veins 6 are connected on one side with the internal connection system for the distribution 10 arranged in the porous support 2 and comprising for each series of veins of circulation, a common inlet section 10th formed by a tubular duct communicating, via a bifurcation 10b arranged in the porous support 2, with all the veins of a series and leading to at least one and in the example illustrated on the two outer flat surfaces 3, 4 by the orifices 16. These circulation veins 6 are connected on the other side, with the internal connection system for the collection 12 arranged in the porous support 2 and also comprising for each series of veins traffic, a common outlet section 12s formed by a tubular duct communicating via a 12th branch arranged in the porous support, with all the veins of a series and opening on at least one, and in the example illustrated on the two outer flat surfaces 3, 4 through the orifices 16. For the circulation veins 6 of each series, the internal connection system for the distribution 10 and the internal connection system for the collection 12 are arranged symmetrically on either side of the veins of circulation 6, with the orifices 16 arranged along two lines symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal axis parallel to the large connecting faces 5g and passing through the middle of the porous support 2. As indicated above, the internal faces of the internal system of connection for the distribution 10, the internal faces of the circulation veins 6 and the internal faces of the internal connection system for the collection 12 are provided with at least one separating layer.
[0128]Selon les exemples de réalisation illustrés aux Fig. 19 à 24, le système de collecte 7 du perméat P n'est pas aménagé à l'intérieur du support poreux 2 mais uniquement en creux dans au moins une et dans l'exemple illustré, les deux surfaces planes extérieures 3, 4 du support poreux 2 pour collecter le perméat ayant traversé la ou les couches séparatrices. Le système de collecte 7 comporte ainsi comme illustré aux Fig. 19 à 24, quatre série de deux gouttières 7f superposées aménagées dans les surfaces planes extérieures 3, 4, comme déjà décrit dans l'exemple illustré aux Fig. 14 à 18. Les deux gouttières 7f de chacune de ces séries communiquent à chaque extrémité avec des cavités tubulaires 7g aménagées dans le support poreux en débouchant par des orifices 8 aménagés sur au moins l'une et dans l'exemple illustré, sur les deux surfaces planes extérieures 3, 4. Il est à noter que le reste des surfaces planes extérieures 3, 4 non aménagé en creux ou en gouttières 7f est rendue étanche. De même, la surface de liaison 5 est rendue étanche. Le raccordement des orifices 8, 16 respectivement à un circuit externe de récupération du perméat et à un circuit de circulation du milieu liquide sera décrit plus en détail dans la suite de la description en relation des Fig. 30 et 31. [0129] Les Fig. 25 à 29 illustrent un autre exemple de réalisation d'un élément de séparation 1 relevant du mode à orifices de raccordement et réalisé sous la forme d'un bloc parallélépipède rectangle destiné à être monté dans un appareillage 20 illustré aux Fig. 30 et 31 et pourvu de connexions pour assurer d'une part l'entrée du milieu liquide à traiter et la sortie du rétentat ainsi que d'autre part la collecte du perméat. Cet exemple de réalisation se distingue de l'exemple de réalisation illustré aux Fig. 14 à 18 dans la mesure où les veines de circulation 6 sont aménagées parallèlement aux surfaces planes extérieures 3, 4 contrairement à l'exemple des Fig. 14 à 18 pour lequel les veines de circulation 6 sont aménagées perpendiculairement aux surfaces planes extérieures 3, 4. [0128] According to the embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 19 to 24, the collection system 7 of the permeate P is not arranged inside the porous support 2 but only recessed in at least one and in the example illustrated, the two outer flat surfaces 3, 4 of the support porous 2 to collect the permeate having passed through the separating layer or layers. The collection system 7 thus comprises, as illustrated in FIGS. 19 to 24, four series of two superimposed gutters 7f arranged in the outer flat surfaces 3, 4, as already described in the example illustrated in FIGS. 14 to 18. The two gutters 7f of each of these series communicate at each end with tubular cavities 7g provided in the porous support, opening out through orifices 8 provided on at least one and, in the example illustrated, on both outer flat surfaces 3, 4. It should be noted that the rest of the outer flat surfaces 3, 4 not arranged in recesses or gutters 7f is sealed. Similarly, the connecting surface 5 is sealed. The connection of the orifices 8, 16 respectively to an external circuit for recovering the permeate and to a circulation circuit for the liquid medium will be described in more detail in the following description in relation to FIGS. 30 and 31. [0129] Figs. 25 to 29 illustrate another exemplary embodiment of a separation element 1 relating to the mode with connection orifices and produced in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped block intended to be mounted in an apparatus 20 illustrated in FIGS. 30 and 31 and provided with connections to ensure on the one hand the inlet of the liquid medium to be treated and the outlet of the retentate as well as on the other hand the collection of the permeate. This exemplary embodiment differs from the exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 14 to 18 insofar as the circulation veins 6 are arranged parallel to the outer flat surfaces 3, 4 unlike the example of FIGS. 14 to 18 for which the circulation veins 6 are arranged perpendicular to the outer flat surfaces 3, 4.
[0130]Cet élément de séparation 1 comporte un support poreux 2 comportant une première surface plane extérieure 3 et une deuxième surface plane extérieure 4 parallèles entre elles et opposées l'une à l'autre en étant raccordées entre elles par une surface de liaison 5 aménagée pour former deux grandes faces de liaison 5g parallèles entre elles et reliées entre elles à leurs extrémités par deux petites faces de liaison 5p parallèles entre elles. [0130] This separation element 1 comprises a porous support 2 comprising a first outer planar surface 3 and a second outer planar surface 4 parallel to each other and opposite to each other, being connected to each other by a connecting surface 5 arranged to form two large connecting faces 5g parallel to each other and connected to each other at their ends by two small connecting faces 5p parallel to each other.
[0131]L'élément de séparation 1 comporte cinq entrées 11 pour le milieu liquide M et cinq sorties 13 pour le rétentat R débouchant sur l'extérieur du support poreux 10 par des orifices 16 aménagés au niveau de la surface plane extérieure 3, voire également comme illustré à la figure 26, au niveau de la deuxième surface extérieure 4 pour permettre un montage superposé des éléments de séparation 1. L'élément de séparation 1 comporte aussi des veines de circulation 6 aménagées dans le support poreux pour communiquer avec les entrées 11 via le système interne de raccordement pour la distribution 10 et les sorties 13 via le système interne de raccordement pour la collecte 12. Les veines de circulation 6 sont aménagées sur quatre étages superposées en formant deux séries de quatre veines de circulation superposées et trois séries de quatre paires de veines de circulation superposées. Tel que cela apparait plus précisément à la figure 29, dans chaque étage, les veines de circulation 6 sont séparées par des cloisons de séparation 2c réalisées par le support poreux 2 en s'étendant parallèlement entre elles et à la direction principale de circulation du milieu liquide entre les entrées 11 et les sorties 13 du milieu liquide. Il est à noter que ces cloisons de séparation 2c ne sont pas continues d'une extrémité à l'autre du support poreux, autorisant ainsi une communication entre les veines de circulation 6 de chaque étage, au niveau des entrées 11 et des sorties 13 du milieu liquide. The separation element 1 has five inlets 11 for the liquid medium M and five outlets 13 for the retentate R leading to the outside of the porous support 10 through orifices 16 arranged at the level of the outer planar surface 3, or even also as illustrated in FIG. 26, at the level of the second outer surface 4 to allow superposed mounting of the separation elements 1. The separation element 1 also comprises circulation veins 6 provided in the porous support to communicate with the inlets 11 via the internal connection system for distribution 10 and the outlets 13 via the internal connection system for collection 12. The circulation veins 6 are arranged on four superimposed floors by forming two series of four superimposed circulation veins and three of four pairs of superimposed circulation veins. As shown more specifically in Figure 29, in each floor, the circulation veins 6 are separated by partitions 2c made by the porous support 2 extending parallel to each other and to the main direction of circulation of the medium liquid between entries 11 and the outlets 13 of the liquid medium. It should be noted that these partitions 2c are not continuous from one end to the other of the porous support, thus allowing communication between the circulation veins 6 of each floor, at the level of the inlets 11 and the outlets 13 of the liquid medium.
[0132]Ces veines de circulation 6 sont aménagées dans le support poreux 2 parallèlement les unes aux autres et parallèlement aux surfaces planes extérieures 3, 4. Ces veines de circulation 6 présentent chacune une section droite rectangulaire avec une largeur au moins quatre fois inférieure à la longueur. Ces veines de circulation 6 sont raccordées d'un côté avec le système interne de raccordement pour la distribution 10 comportant pour chaque série de veines de circulation, un tronçon d'entrée commun 10e formé par un conduit tubulaire communiquant via une bifurcation 10b, avec toutes les veines d'une série et débouchant sur au moins l'une et dans l'exemple illustré sur les deux surfaces planes extérieures 3, 4 par les orifices 16 et de l'autre côté, avec le système interne de raccordement pour la collecte 12 comportant pour chaque série de veines de circulation, un tronçon de sortie commun 12s formé par un conduit tubulaire communiquant via un embranchement 12e avec toutes les veines d'une série et débouchant sur au moins l'une, et dans l'exemple illustré sur les deux surfaces planes extérieures 3, 4 par les orifices 16. These circulation veins 6 are arranged in the porous support 2 parallel to each other and parallel to the outer flat surfaces 3, 4. These circulation veins 6 each have a rectangular cross section with a width at least four times less than the length. These circulation veins 6 are connected on one side with the internal connection system for distribution 10 comprising, for each series of circulation veins, a common inlet section 10e formed by a tubular conduit communicating via a bifurcation 10b, with all the veins of a series and opening on at least one and in the example illustrated on the two external flat surfaces 3, 4 by the orifices 16 and on the other side, with the internal connection system for the collection 12 comprising for each series of circulation veins, a common outlet section 12s formed by a tubular conduit communicating via a branch 12e with all the veins of a series and leading to at least one, and in the example illustrated on the two outer flat surfaces 3, 4 through the orifices 16.
[0133] Pour les veines de circulation 6 de chaque série, le système interne de raccordement pour la distribution 10 et le système interne de raccordement pour la collecte 12 sont aménagés dans le support poreux 2 de manière symétrique de part et d'autre des veines de circulation 6, avec les orifices 16 aménagés selon deux lignes symétriques par rapport à l'axe longitudinal parallèle aux grandes faces de liaison 5g et passant par le milieu du support poreux 2. Les tronçons d'entrée communs 10e et les tronçons de sortie communs 12s s'étendent parallèlement à une direction qui est perpendiculaire aux surfaces planes extérieures 3, 4 mais également perpendiculaire à la direction principale de circulation du milieu liquide. Les tronçons d'entrée communs 10e sont aménagés parallèlement et à proximité d'une grande face de liaison 5g tandis que les tronçons de sortie communs 12s sont aménagés parallèlement et à proximité de l'autre grande face de liaison 5g. For the circulation veins 6 of each series, the internal connection system for the distribution 10 and the internal connection system for the collection 12 are arranged in the porous support 2 symmetrically on either side of the veins. of circulation 6, with the orifices 16 arranged along two lines symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal axis parallel to the large connecting faces 5g and passing through the middle of the porous support 2. The common inlet sections 10e and the common outlet sections 12s extend parallel to a direction which is perpendicular to the flat outer surfaces 3, 4 but also perpendicular to the main direction of circulation of the liquid medium. The common entry sections 10e are laid out parallel to and close to a large connecting face 5g while the common outlet sections 12s are arranged parallel to and close to the other large connecting face 5g.
[0134] Bien entendu, le nombre de veines de circulation 6 par série, le nombre de séries de veines de circulation 6 et le nombre de rangées de veines de circulation 6 sont données uniquement à titre d'illustration. De même, comme indiqué ci-avant, les faces internes du système interne de raccordement pour la distribution 10, les faces internes des veines de circulation 6 et les faces internes du système interne de raccordement pour la collecte 12 sont pourvues d'au moins une couche séparatrice. Of course, the number of circulation veins 6 per series, the number of series of circulation veins 6 and the number of rows of circulation veins 6 are given solely by way of illustration. Similarly, as indicated above, the internal faces of the internal connection system for the distribution 10, the internal faces of the circulation veins 6 and the internal faces of the internal connection system for the collection 12 are provided with at least one separating layer.
[0135]Selon cet exemple, le système de collecte 7 du perméat P est aménagé dans le support poreux 2 mais également en creux dans au moins une et dans l'exemple illustré, les deux surfaces planes extérieures 3, 4 du support poreux 2 pour collecter le perméat ayant traversé la ou les couches séparatrices. Le système de collecte 7 comporte ainsi comme illustré aux Fig. 25, 27 et 28, trois nappes de collecte 7j superposées aménagées dans le support poreux 2 entre les deux surfaces planes extérieures 3, 4 et entre deux étages voisins de veines de circulation 6 ainsi qu'une zone en creux 7k aménagée dans chaque surface plane extérieure 3, 4. Les nappes de collecte 7j sont interposées entre deux veines de circulation 6 adjacentes, en étant séparées des veines de circulation 6 par des cloisons de séparation 2b. According to this example, the permeate P collection system 7 is arranged in the porous support 2 but also recessed in at least one and, in the example illustrated, the two outer flat surfaces 3, 4 of the porous support 2 to collecting the permeate having passed through the separating layer or layers. The collection system 7 thus comprises, as illustrated in FIGS. 25, 27 and 28, three superimposed collection layers 7j arranged in the porous support 2 between the two outer flat surfaces 3, 4 and between two neighboring floors of circulation veins 6 as well as a recessed zone 7k arranged in each flat surface exterior 3, 4. The collection sheets 7j are interposed between two adjacent circulation streams 6, being separated from the circulation streams 6 by partition walls 2b.
[0136] Dans l'exemple illustré, il est à noter que dans chaque nappe de collecte 7j, des nervures de rigidification 7n sont aménagées dans le support poreux parallèlement entre elles pour délimiter des canaux parallèles se rejoignant à chacune de leurs extrémités pour aboutir de chaque côté, à une série de quatre cavités tubulaires 7g débouchant par des orifices 8 aménagés sur au moins l'une et dans l'exemple illustré, sur les deux surfaces planes extérieures 3, 4. Les cavités tubulaires 7g sont aménagées parallèlement entre elles mais également parallèlement aux tronçons d'entrée communs 10e et aux tronçons de sortie communs 12s. Avantageusement, une première série de cavités tubulaires 7g et les tronçons d'entrée communs 10e sont aménagés dans un même plan tandis qu'une deuxième série des cavités tubulaires 7g et les tronçons de sortie communs 12s sont aménagés dans un même plan. In the example shown, it should be noted that in each collection ply 7j, stiffening ribs 7n are arranged in the porous support parallel to each other to delimit parallel channels joining at each of their ends to lead from each side, to a series of four tubular cavities 7g opening out via orifices 8 arranged on at least one and in the example illustrated, on the two outer flat surfaces 3, 4. The tubular cavities 7g are arranged parallel to each other but also parallel to the common input sections 10e and to the common output sections 12s. Advantageously, a first series of tubular cavities 7g and the common inlet sections 10e are arranged in the same plane while that a second series of tubular cavities 7g and the common outlet sections 12s are arranged in the same plane.
[0137] De manière analogue, des nervures de rigidification 7n réalisées par le support poreux sont aménagées en saillie dans les surfaces planes extérieures 3, 4 parallèlement entre elles de manière que chaque zone en creux 7k présente des canaux parallèles se rejoignant à chacune de leurs extrémités pour aboutir de chaque côté, à une série de quatre cavités tubulaires 7g. Les trois nappes de canaux 7j et les deux zones en creux 7k de chacune de ces séries communiquent à chaque extrémité avec des cavités tubulaires 7g débouchant par des orifices 8 aménagés sur au moins l'une et dans l'exemple illustré, sur les deux surfaces planes extérieures 3, 4. Similarly, stiffening ribs 7n produced by the porous support are arranged projecting into the flat outer surfaces 3, 4 parallel to each other so that each recessed zone 7k has parallel channels meeting at each of their ends to lead on each side to a series of four tubular cavities 7g. The three layers of channels 7j and the two recessed areas 7k of each of these series communicate at each end with tubular cavities 7g opening out through orifices 8 provided on at least one and in the example illustrated, on both surfaces outer planes 3, 4.
[0138]II est à noter que le reste des surfaces planes extérieures 3, 4 non aménagé en creux est rendue étanche. Ainsi, les nervures de rigidification 7n réalisées par le support poreux en saillie dans les surfaces planes extérieures 3, 4 sont rendues étanches. De même, la surface de liaison 5 est rendue étanche. Le raccordement des orifices 8, 16 respectivement à un circuit externe de récupération du perméat et à un circuit de circulation du milieu liquide sera décrit plus en détail dans la suite de la description en relation des Fig. 30 et 31. It should be noted that the rest of the outer planar surfaces 3, 4 which are not recessed are sealed. Thus, the stiffening ribs 7n made by the porous support projecting into the outer flat surfaces 3, 4 are sealed. Similarly, the connecting surface 5 is sealed. The connection of the orifices 8, 16 respectively to an external circuit for recovering the permeate and to a circulation circuit for the liquid medium will be described in more detail in the following description in relation to FIGS. 30 and 31.
[0139] Les Fig. 30 et 31 illustrent un exemple de réalisation d'un appareillage du commerce 20 pourvu de connexions pour le raccordement d'au moins un élément de séparation 1 relevant du mode à orifices de raccordement 8, 16 et conforme à l'une des variantes illustrées aux Fig. 14 à 29. Cet appareillage 20 pourvu d'un ou de plusieurs éléments de séparation 1 forment ainsi une unité de séparation pour un milieu fluide de tous types. Selon cet exemple, l'appareillage 20 comporte une plaque de connexion 21 sur lequel est destiné à être fixé par des tiges filetées 22 et écrous 23, au moins un élément de séparation 1 monté de manière étanche par des joints 24, entre cette plaque de connexion 21 et une contre-plaque de serrage 26. La plaque de connexion 21 comporte des orifices 21M positionnés pour communiquer d'une part avec les orifices 16 des entrées 11 de l'élément de séparation 1 et d'autre part, avec un circuit d'amenée du milieu liquide 27 dont une partie seulement est représentée sur les dessins. La plaque de connexion 21 comporte également des orifices 21 R positionnés pour communiquer d'une part avec les orifices 16 des sorties 13 de l'élément de séparation 1 et d'autre part, avec un circuit de récupération du rétentat 28 dont une partie seulement est représentée sur les dessins. La plaque de connexion 21 comporte aussi des orifices 21 P positionnés pour communiquer d'une part avec les orifices 8 du système de collecte du perméat et d'autre part, avec un circuit externe de récupération du perméat 29. [0139] Figs. 30 and 31 illustrate an embodiment of commercial equipment 20 provided with connections for the connection of at least one separation element 1 falling under the mode with connection orifices 8, 16 and conforming to one of the variants illustrated in Fig. 14 to 29. This apparatus 20 provided with one or more separation elements 1 thus form a separation unit for a fluid medium of all types. According to this example, the apparatus 20 comprises a connection plate 21 on which is intended to be fixed by threaded rods 22 and nuts 23, at least one separation element 1 mounted in a sealed manner by seals 24, between this plate of connection 21 and a counter-clamping plate 26. The connection plate 21 comprises orifices 21M positioned to communicate on the one hand with the orifices 16 of the inlets 11 of the separation element 1 and on the other hand, with a circuit feed of the liquid medium 27 of which only a part is shown in the drawings. The connection plate 21 also comprises orifices 21 R positioned to communicate on the one hand with the orifices 16 of the outlets 13 of the separation element 1 and on the other hand, with a retentate recovery circuit 28 of which only part is shown in the drawings . The connection plate 21 also comprises orifices 21 P positioned to communicate on the one hand with the orifices 8 of the permeate collection system and on the other hand, with an external permeate recovery circuit 29.
[0140] Dans le cadre de l'invention, la fabrication du support poreux 2, voire de l'élément de séparation dans son entier, peut être réalisée grâce à une technique additive, le procédé consistant à obtenir des pièces monobloc par ajout ou agglomération de matière, l'objet prenant forme au fur et à mesure de l'empilement de couches successives. Bien entendu, cette méthode additive est configurée ou adaptée pour que la porosité du matériau poreux du support poreux assure l'acheminement du perméat ayant traversé la ou les couches séparatrices. Le procédé a l'avantage, par rapport à d'autres techniques comme l'assemblage par collage de différentes parties fabriquées séparément, de réaliser le support en une seule étape de production et de permettre l'accès à une grande gamme de formes et d'aménagement des veines de circulation du milieu liquide à traiter et de collecte du perméat. Parmi les techniques additives, les techniques SLS (Selective Laser Sintering), FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling) à partir d'un filament ou de granulés, PEM (Paste Extrusion Modeling) et BJ (Binder Jetting) sont particulièrement bien adaptées. In the context of the invention, the manufacture of the porous support 2, or even of the separation element as a whole, can be carried out using an additive technique, the process consisting in obtaining one-piece parts by adding or agglomeration of material, the object taking shape as successive layers are stacked. Of course, this additive method is configured or adapted so that the porosity of the porous material of the porous support ensures the routing of the permeate having passed through the separating layer or layers. The process has the advantage, compared to other techniques such as the assembly by gluing of different parts manufactured separately, of producing the support in a single production step and of allowing access to a wide range of shapes and sizes. development of the circulation veins for the liquid medium to be treated and for the collection of the permeate. Among the additive techniques, the SLS (Selective Laser Sintering), FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling) techniques from a filament or granules, PEM (Paste Extrusion Modeling) and BJ (Binder Jetting) techniques are particularly well suited.
[0141] Dans le cas de l'utilisation d'une matière solide telle qu'une poudre, l'épaisseur du lit de poudre et donc de chaque strate successivement consolidée est relativement faible pour permettre sa liaison à la strate inférieure, par application d'un apport d'énergie (SLS) ou la projection d'un liquide liant (BJ). En particulier, une épaisseur de 20 pm à 200 pm de poudre sera déposée, cette épaisseur étant fonction de la technique additive sélectionnée. C'est la répétition de la séquence binaire dépôt d'un lit de poudre suivi d'une consolidation qui permet, strate après strate, de construire la forme tridimensionnelle souhaitée. Le motif de consolidation peut varier d'une strate à l'autre. La croissance de la forme tridimensionnelle souhaitée est réalisée selon une direction de croissance choisie. Dans le cas de l'utilisation d'une composition céramique sous la forme d'une pâte céramique (PEM) ou d'un filament ou de granulés thermofusibles (FDM), l'épaisseur d'une strate est définie par un ensemble de cordons, qu'ils soient continus ou discontinus, juxtaposés ou non juxtaposés, qui sont extrudés à une même altitude prise suivant la direction de croissance choisie. [0141] In the case of the use of a solid material such as a powder, the thickness of the powder bed and therefore of each successively consolidated stratum is relatively small to allow its connection to the lower stratum, by application of an energy supply (SLS) or the projection of a binder liquid (BJ). In particular, a thickness of 20 μm to 200 μm of powder will be deposited, this thickness depending on the additive technique selected. It is the repetition of the binary sequence depositing a bed of powder followed by consolidation which allows, layer after layer, to build the desired three-dimensional shape. The reason for consolidation may vary from one stratum to another. The growth of desired three-dimensional shape is achieved along a chosen direction of growth. In the case of the use of a ceramic composition in the form of a ceramic paste (PEM) or a filament or hot-melt granules (FDM), the thickness of a stratum is defined by a set of cords , whether continuous or discontinuous, juxtaposed or not juxtaposed, which are extruded at the same altitude taken along the chosen direction of growth.
[0142]Selon une caractéristique avantageuse de réalisation, le matériau constitutif du support poreux a une contrainte en flexion maximum admissible d'au moins 10 MPa, cette caractéristique résultant de la continuité tridimensionnelle et de l'homogénéité tridimensionnelle que permettent les techniques additives d'une part et du post traitement thermique de frittage nécessaire d'autre part. [0142]According to an advantageous characteristic of production, the material constituting the porous support has a maximum admissible bending stress of at least 10 MPa, this characteristic resulting from the three-dimensional continuity and the three-dimensional homogeneity that allow the additive techniques of on the one hand and the necessary post sintering heat treatment on the other hand.
[0143]Cette caractéristique de flexion maximale associée à la géométrie du support poreux (dimensionnement, épaisseur des parois externes ou internes....) ainsi que la continuité du matériau et de la texture poreuse permettent de définir un support poreux capable d'offrir une résistance mécanique suffisante pour éviter la rupture de ce support poreux 2 sous l'effet d'une contrainte générée par la différence de pression du milieu liquide entre la couche séparatrice et la surface de sortie du perméat, ladite surface de sortie du perméat correspondant soit à la surface interne délimitant le système de collecte 7 du perméat quand celui-ci est aménagé dans le support poreux 2, soit à la surface extérieure de l'élément de séparation 1 quand le système de collecte 7 n'est pas aménagé dans le support poreux 2. [0143] This maximum bending characteristic associated with the geometry of the porous support (dimensioning, thickness of the external or internal walls, etc.) as well as the continuity of the material and of the porous texture make it possible to define a porous support capable of offering sufficient mechanical strength to prevent this porous support 2 from breaking under the effect of a stress generated by the pressure difference of the liquid medium between the separating layer and the permeate outlet surface, said corresponding permeate outlet surface either on the inner surface delimiting the permeate collection system 7 when the latter is fitted in the porous support 2, or on the outer surface of the separation element 1 when the collection system 7 is not fitted in the support porous 2.
[0144] La différence de pression du milieu liquide entre la couche séparatrice et la surface de sortie du perméat correspond communément à ce que l'homme du métier appelle la pression transmembranaire (PTM). Cette différence de pression est définie dans le cadre de l'invention par la moyenne des pressions alimentation PA (c'est la pression absolue mesurée à l'entrée du milieu liquide à traiter) et rétentat PR (c'est la pression absolue mesurée à la sortie du milieu liquide traité) à laquelle on soustrait soit la pression absolue PP mesurée dans le système de collecte 7 du perméat quand celui-ci est aménagé dans le support poreux 2, soit la pression atmosphérique Pa lorsque le système de collecte 7 est aménagé en dehors du support poreux 2. La pression transmembranaire (PTM) est telle que : The difference in pressure of the liquid medium between the separating layer and the outlet surface of the permeate commonly corresponds to what those skilled in the art call the transmembrane pressure (TMP). This pressure difference is defined in the context of the invention by the average of the feed pressures P A (this is the absolute pressure measured at the inlet of the liquid medium to be treated) and retentate P R (this is the absolute pressure measured at the outlet of the treated liquid medium) from which is subtracted either the absolute pressure P P measured in the collection system 7 of the permeate when the latter is arranged in the porous support 2, or the atmospheric pressure Pa when the collection system 7 is arranged outside the porous support 2. The transmembrane pressure (PTM) is such that:
[0145] Sur la base de cette définition, des caractéristiques du matériau et du dimensionnement du support poreux, ces deux derniers points étant développés ci-dessus, le support poreux 2 est défini de manière à ce qu'aucune dégradation par rupture du matériau poreux n'apparaisse pour une différence de pression du milieu liquide supérieure ou égale à 1 bar. On the basis of this definition, the characteristics of the material and the dimensioning of the porous support, these last two points being developed above, the porous support 2 is defined so that no degradation by rupture of the porous material does not appear for a pressure difference of the liquid medium greater than or equal to 1 bar.
[0146] Il y a rupture dès que le support poreux rigide monobloc inorganique 2 présente au moins une fissure ou une fracture avec ou sans déplacement localisé du matériau poreux à l'endroit desdites fissure(s) ou fracture(s) et quand ladite rupture, interrompant la continuité poreuse, ouvre au liquide un passage direct entre d'une part l'ensemble formé par le système interne de raccordement pour la distribution 10 du milieu liquide à traiter, par les veines de circulation 6 et par le système interne de raccordement 12 pour la collecte du rétentat et d'autre part le système de collecte 7 du perméat sans que ledit liquide ait à passer à travers la couche de filtration. There is a break as soon as the inorganic one-piece rigid porous support 2 has at least one crack or a fracture with or without localized displacement of the porous material at the location of said crack(s) or fracture(s) and when said break , interrupting the porous continuity, opens a direct passage for the liquid between, on the one hand, the assembly formed by the internal connection system 10 for the distribution of the liquid medium to be treated, by the circulation veins 6 and by the internal connection system 12 for the collection of the retentate and on the other hand the collection system 7 of the permeate without said liquid having to pass through the filtration layer.
[0147]Une telle rupture est immédiatement constatable par une chute de la pression transmembranaire définie comme la différence de pression du milieu liquide entre la couche séparatrice et la surface de sortie du perméat d'une part ainsi que par une augmentation du débit présent dans le système de collecte du perméat d'autre part. Le débit de liquide traité se trouvant anormalement augmenté par celui du liquide non traité, ce mélange de perméat et de rétentat fait que la rupture rend impropre l'utilisation de l'élément de séparation. Celui-ci est alors considéré comme détruit et il doit être remplacé. Such a rupture is immediately observable by a drop in the transmembrane pressure defined as the pressure difference of the liquid medium between the separating layer and the outlet surface of the permeate on the one hand as well as by an increase in the flow present in the permeate collection system on the other hand. The flow rate of treated liquid being abnormally increased by that of the untreated liquid, this mixture of permeate and retentate causes the rupture to render the use of the separation element unsuitable. This is then considered destroyed and must be replaced.

Claims

38 Revendications 38 Claims
[Revendication 1] Elément de séparation d'un milieu liquide à séparer en un perméat et un rétentat comportant : [Claim 1] Element for separating a liquid medium to be separated into a permeate and a retentate comprising:
- un support poreux rigide monobloc inorganique (2) possédant d'un côté, une première surface plane extérieure (3) et d'un côté opposé, une deuxième surface plane extérieure (4) raccordée à la première surface plane extérieure par au moins une surface externe de liaison (5) ; - an inorganic one-piece rigid porous support (2) having, on one side, a first outer flat surface (3) and, on an opposite side, a second outer flat surface (4) connected to the first outer flat surface by at least one outer connecting surface (5);
- au moins une série d'au moins deux veines de circulation (6) pour le milieu liquide aménagées dans le support poreux pour posséder chacune une section droite rectangulaire définie par deux grands côtés parallèles entre eux et deux petits côtés parallèles entre eux; - at least one series of at least two circulation veins (6) for the liquid medium provided in the porous support to each have a rectangular cross section defined by two long sides parallel to each other and two short sides parallel to each other;
- au moins un système interne de raccordement pour la distribution (10) du milieu liquide, aménagé dans le support poreux pour répartir à partir d'une entrée (11) aménagée dans le support poreux, le milieu liquide, dans une série d'au moins deux veines de circulation et au moins un système interne de raccordement pour la collecte (12) du rétentat, aménagé dans le support poreux pour collecter jusqu'à une sortie (13) aménagée dans le support poreux, le rétentat provenant de la série d'au moins deux veines de circulation, le système interne de raccordement pour la distribution (10), les veines de circulation (6) et le système interne de raccordement pour la collecte (12) étant pourvus d'au moins une couche séparatrice continûment déposée entre l'entrée (11) et la sortie (13) du support poreux de sorte que le milieu liquide circulant dans le support poreux entre l'entrée et la sortie, est uniquement en contact avec ladite couche séparatrice, le support poreux (2) présentant une continuité de matériau et de texture poreuse et une résistance mécanique permettant d'éviter la rupture du support poreux pour une différence de pression du milieu liquide d'au moins un bar entre la couche séparatrice et la surface de sortie du perméat ; - at least one internal connection system for the distribution (10) of the liquid medium, provided in the porous support to distribute from an inlet (11) provided in the porous support, the liquid medium, in a series of au at least two circulation veins and at least one internal connection system for the collection (12) of the retentate, arranged in the porous support to collect up to an outlet (13) arranged in the porous support, the retentate coming from the series d at least two circulation streams, the internal connection system for distribution (10), the circulation streams (6) and the internal connection system for collection (12) being provided with at least one separating layer continuously deposited between the inlet (11) and the outlet (13) of the porous support so that the liquid medium circulating in the porous support between the inlet and the outlet is only in contact with the said separating layer, the porous support (2) with continuity of porous material and texture and a mechanical resistance making it possible to prevent rupture of the porous support for a pressure difference of the liquid medium of at least one bar between the separating layer and the outlet surface of the permeate;
- et un système de collecte (7) du perméat ayant traversé la ou les couches séparatrices. 39 - And a collection system (7) of the permeate having passed through the separating layer or layers. 39
[Revendication 2] Elément de séparation selon la revendication 1, selon lequel le support poreux (2) est obtenu par la mise en oeuvre d'une méthode additive configurée pour que la porosité du matériau poreux assure l'acheminement du perméat ayant traversé la ou les couches séparatrices.[Claim 2] Separation element according to claim 1, according to which the porous support (2) is obtained by the implementation of an additive method configured so that the porosity of the porous material ensures the routing of the permeate having passed through the the separating layers.
[Revendication 3] Elément selon l'une des revendications précédentes, selon lequel le matériau constitutif du support poreux (2) a une contrainte en flexion maximum admissible d'au moins 10 MPa. [Claim 3] Element according to one of the preceding claims, according to which the material constituting the porous support (2) has a maximum admissible bending stress of at least 10 MPa.
[Revendication 4] Elément selon l'une des revendications précédentes, selon lequel la section droite rectangulaire des veines de circulation (6) possède deux dimensions dont l'une des dimensions est au moins quatre fois inférieure à l'autre dimension. [Claim 4] Element according to one of the preceding claims, according to which the rectangular cross section of the circulation veins (6) has two dimensions, one of the dimensions of which is at least four times smaller than the other dimension.
[Revendication 5] Elément de séparation selon l'une des revendications précédentes, selon lequel plusieurs veines de circulation (6) sont aménagées dans le support poreux (2) parallèlement les unes aux autres. [Claim 5] Separating element according to one of the preceding claims, in which several circulation veins (6) are arranged in the porous support (2) parallel to each other.
[Revendication 6] Elément de séparation selon l'une des revendications précédentes, selon lequel au moins une veine de circulation (6) a une forme flexueuse tout en suivant la direction principale de circulation du fluide à traiter. [Claim 6] Separating element according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one flow path (6) has a flexible shape while following the main direction of flow of the fluid to be treated.
[Revendication 7] Elément de séparation selon la revendication précédente, selon lequel au moins une veine de circulation (6) a une forme flexueuse périodique. [Claim 7] Separating element according to the preceding claim, according to which at least one circulation stream (6) has a periodic flexible shape.
[Revendication 8] Elément de séparation selon l'une des revendications précédentes, selon lequel chaque veine de circulation (6) possède une section droite constante sur toute son étendue entre le système interne de raccordement pour la distribution (10) et le système interne de raccordement pour la collecte (12). [Claim 8] Separating element according to one of the preceding claims, in which each circulation stream (6) has a constant cross section over its entire extent between the internal connection system for the distribution (10) and the internal system of connection for collection (12).
[Revendication 9] Elément de séparation selon l'une des revendications précédentes, selon lequel les veines de circulation (6) sont délimitées par deux faces parallèles qui sont perpendiculaires ou parallèles à au moins deux surfaces planes extérieures (3, 4) du support poreux. [Claim 9] Separating element according to one of the preceding claims, according to which the circulation veins (6) are delimited by two parallel faces which are perpendicular or parallel to at least two flat external surfaces (3, 4) of the porous support .
[Revendication 10] Elément de séparation selon l'une des revendications précédentes, selon lequel le système interne de raccordement pour la 40 distribution (10) et le système interne de raccordement pour la collecte (12) débouchent sur l'extérieur du support poreux (2) par un ou plusieurs orifices (16) ou embouts (15) aménagés au niveau d'une surface plane extérieure (3, 4) ou au niveau d'une surface externe de liaison (5). [Claim 10] Separating element according to one of the preceding claims, in which the internal connection system for the 40 distribution (10) and the internal connection system for the collection (12) open onto the outside of the porous support (2) through one or more orifices (16) or end pieces (15) arranged at the level of an external flat surface (3, 4) or at an outer connecting surface (5).
[Revendication 11] Elément de séparation selon l'une des revendications précédentes, selon lequel le système interne de raccordement pour la distribution (10) et le système interne de raccordement pour la collecte (12) sont aménagés de manière asymétrique de part et d'autre des veines de circulation (6). [Claim 11] Separating element according to one of the preceding claims, in which the internal connection system for distribution (10) and the internal connection system for collection (12) are arranged asymmetrically on both sides. other circulation veins (6).
[Revendication 12] Elément de séparation selon l'une des revendications précédentes, selon lequel le système interne de raccordement pour la distribution (10) et le système interne de raccordement pour la collecte (12) sont aménagés de manière symétrique de part et d'autre des veines de circulation (6). [Claim 12] Separating element according to one of the preceding claims, in which the internal connection system for distribution (10) and the internal connection system for collection (12) are arranged symmetrically on both sides. other circulation veins (6).
[Revendication 13] Elément selon l'une des revendications précédentes, selon lequel le système de collecte du perméat (7) comporte des espaces aménagés à l'intérieur du support poreux pour collecter le perméat ayant traversé la ou les couches séparatrices. [Claim 13] Element according to one of the preceding claims, according to which the permeate collection system (7) comprises spaces arranged inside the porous support to collect the permeate which has passed through the separating layer or layers.
[Revendication 14] Elément de séparation selon la revendication précédente, selon lequel le système de collecte du perméat (7) débouche sur l'extérieur du support poreux par un ou plusieurs orifices (8) ou embouts (9) de collecte dudit perméat. [Claim 14] Separating element according to the preceding claim, wherein the permeate collection system (7) opens onto the outside of the porous support through one or more orifices (8) or end pieces (9) for collecting said permeate.
[Revendication 15] Elément de séparation selon l'une des revendications précédentes, selon lequel la première surface plane extérieure (3), la deuxième surface plane extérieure (4) et la surface externe (5) de liaison sont rendues étanches. [Claim 15] Separating element according to one of the preceding claims, in which the first flat outer surface (3), the second flat outer surface (4) and the outer connecting surface (5) are sealed.
[Revendication 16] Elément selon l'une des revendications précédentes, selon lequel le système de collecte du perméat (7) est aménagé en creux dans au moins une surface plane extérieure (3, 4) du support poreux pour collecter le perméat ayant traversé la ou les couches séparatrices, le reste de la surface plane extérieure non aménagé en creux étant rendue étanche. [Claim 16] Element according to one of the preceding claims, according to which the permeate collection system (7) is recessed in at least one outer flat surface (3, 4) of the porous support to collect the permeate having passed through the or the separating layers, the remainder of the flat outer surface not provided with a recess being sealed.
[Revendication 17] Elément de séparation selon l'une des revendications précédentes, selon lequel le support poreux (2) comporte des embouts (15) rendus étanches extérieurement, délimitant l'entrée (11) du système interne de raccordement pour la distribution (10) et la sortie (13) du système interne de raccordement pour la collecte (12). [Claim 17] Separating element according to one of the preceding claims, according to which the porous support (2) comprises end pieces (15) sealed on the outside, delimiting the inlet (11) of the internal connection system for the distribution (10 ) and the outlet (13) of the internal connection system for collection (12).
[Revendication 18] Elément de séparation selon la revendication précédente, selon lequel lesdits embouts (15) s'étendent selon des directions dont les angles par rapport à la direction principale de circulation du milieu liquide sont compris entre 0° et 90°. [Claim 18] Separating element according to the preceding claim, according to which the said ends (15) extend in directions whose angles with respect to the main direction of circulation of the liquid medium are between 0° and 90°.
[Revendication 19] Unité de séparation comportant au moins un élément de séparation (1) conforme à l'une des revendications précédentes, monté dans un appareillage (20) pourvu de connexions (21M, 21R, 21P) pour assurer d'une part l'entrée du milieu liquide à traiter et la sortie du rétentat ainsi que d'autre part la collecte du perméat. [Claim 19] Separation unit comprising at least one separation element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, mounted in an apparatus (20) provided with connections (21M, 21R, 21P) to ensure on the one hand the entry of the liquid medium to be treated and the exit of the retentate as well as on the other hand the collection of the permeate.
[Revendication 20] Unité de séparation comportant au moins un élément de séparation (1) conforme à l'une des revendications 1 à 18, dont les embouts (15) délimitant l'entrée du système interne de raccordement pour la distribution (10) du milieu liquide à traiter et la sortie du système interne de raccordement pour la collecte (12) du rétentat ainsi que le ou les embouts (9) de collecte de perméat sont équipés de connexions fixées de manière étanche sur lesdits embouts. [Claim 20] Separation unit comprising at least one separation element (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 18, the ends (15) of which delimit the inlet of the internal connection system for the distribution (10) of liquid medium to be treated and the outlet of the internal connection system for the collection (12) of the retentate as well as the nozzle(s) (9) for collecting the permeate are equipped with connections fixed in a sealed manner to the said nozzles.
EP21830448.3A 2020-11-23 2021-11-19 Element for separating a liquid medium with high parietal shear stress Pending EP4247524A1 (en)

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FR1993E (en) 1901-06-07 1903-11-24 Societe Charpentier Fils Aine Et A. Neveu School table
FR2696653B1 (en) 1992-10-09 1995-02-17 Philippe Lescoche Inorganic filtration unit comprising at least one integrated circulation network of a liquid medium to be treated and / or of the recovered filtrate.
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AU2011258203A1 (en) * 2010-05-26 2013-01-10 The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc. Microfabricated artificial lung assist device, and methods of use and manufacture thereof
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