EP4245937A1 - Vacuum shell building strapping cage - Google Patents

Vacuum shell building strapping cage Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP4245937A1
EP4245937A1 EP22161749.1A EP22161749A EP4245937A1 EP 4245937 A1 EP4245937 A1 EP 4245937A1 EP 22161749 A EP22161749 A EP 22161749A EP 4245937 A1 EP4245937 A1 EP 4245937A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
strapping
panels
shell
internal
cage according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP22161749.1A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Bruno Chavanne
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to EP22161749.1A priority Critical patent/EP4245937A1/en
Publication of EP4245937A1 publication Critical patent/EP4245937A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B1/78—Heat insulating elements
    • E04B1/80—Heat insulating elements slab-shaped
    • E04B1/803—Heat insulating elements slab-shaped with vacuum spaces included in the slab
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls

Definitions

  • the invention is located in the field of factory production of nomadic and autonomous buildings thanks to their vacuum structure with a high level of thermal and sound insulation.
  • the manufacture of these buildings requires few materials of mineral origin and does not use concrete.
  • the present invention proposes to remedy these problems and refers to the technical field of manufacturing a structure with integrated thermal and sound insulation of the so-called cocoon shell type.
  • a structure of this type is made up of three layers arranged in a sandwich: Firstly, an external skin made up of rigid plates; secondly, an intermediate layer of thermal insulation materials which constitutes a thermal breaker and thirdly, an internal skin also made up of rigid plates.
  • the PIV type panels comprise, in a known manner, a porous insulating core material with a cellular structure whose cells are open and held under vacuum by a barrier envelope guaranteeing gas tightness.
  • all gases present are evacuated from the porous material before vacuum packaging within a flexible barrier envelope generally made of a heat-weldable metallized film.
  • PIV type panels are fragile and are therefore not load-bearing. This fragility makes it necessary to add a supporting structure in the open air which is not insulating. In this case, thermal bridges between the exterior and interior of the building are inevitable.
  • the assembly of PIV supporting panels of the present invention makes it possible to obtain a vacuum hull. We can consider that the shell obtained is only a single PIV panel.
  • the invention uses a physical effect: the so-called Magdeburg effect.
  • the force exerted on the walls of this volume is equal to the average atmospheric pressure, i.e. 1013 hPa or mbar at sea level.
  • This force will be used in the entire shell obtained by assembling the vacuum insulating supporting panels of the present invention. Due to this vacuum, atmospheric pressure will be exerted on all of the barrier envelopes covering the panels and the hull. This force will allow the panels to be held together.
  • two trellises spaced apart from each other will be placed in this envelope. by stretched bands or strapping of narrow width. These straps being thin, they will limit the transmission of heat flows by conduction.
  • the interior volumes of the panels and the shell, the lattices and the strapping will be subjected to a high gas vacuum, which will eliminate the transmission of heat flows by convection.
  • the strapping will support the lattices made up of crossed ribs whose constituent material is of an insulating nature.
  • the central layer made up of the tensioned strapping will more specifically be the insulating layer of the “sandwich” structures constituting the panels and the hull.
  • the publication EP3585952 describes the manufacture of a superstructure consisting of a vacuum shell comprising two envelopes, one internal and one external, enclosing an insulation material of the porous and rigid spherical granule type.
  • the granules are poured in bulk without any binder and therefore have only weak points of contact between them, which limits the transmission of thermal flows by conduction.
  • this previous publication proposes placing the entire volume of granules as well as the envelopes made up of rigid joined panels.
  • This previous application proposes a vacuum insulating carrier panel of flattened shape consisting of a rigid cellular structure enveloped by a flexible gas-tight membrane supported by woven and lattice frames stacked in superimposed layers whose meshes are increasingly finer at the approach of said outer membrane of said panel.
  • the envelope of each panel is made of a synthetic fiber fabric supporting a gas-tight metallized polymer film.
  • the enveloping skin of a panel is supported internally by two lattices whose material is thermally insulating and rigid. These two trellises are braced at regular intervals by columns.
  • This previous application also proposes a process for assembling vacuum insulating supporting panels making it possible to obtain a self-stable vacuum shell which can be dismantled and reassembled indefinitely without temporary or permanent modification of the intrinsic physical characteristics of the panels.
  • the volume formed by the assembly of the panels, therefore the volume of the hull, is evacuated of all gas. This vacuuming makes it possible to stiffen and make said shell insulating.
  • WO2011050800 offers the manufacture of vacuum insulating panels composed of rigid external plates reinforced by parallel members between them, glued under the plates inside the vacuum panel and which are supported by tensioned wires. This arrangement makes it possible to have a central insulating layer composed of voids of solid material.
  • WO2015197960 describes a building composed of a double concrete shell including an insulating layer between the two.
  • the invention proposes that a self-stable shell formed by the watertight assembly with contiguous edges of a plurality of watertight supporting panels can be dismantled and reassembled without any temporary or permanent modification of the physical characteristics of said panels.
  • the invention proposes that the supporting panels, once assembled, form two waterproof rigid shells kept at a distance from each other.
  • the load-bearing panels or walls will be divided into two independent load-bearing panels, fitting into each other but kept at a distance from each other.
  • These load-bearing panels are made up of lattices formed by crossed ribs.
  • This spacing between the two trellises will be achieved by thin stretched strips of small width. These strips will go around the volumes to be assembled and will be in closed loops or endless loops. Strips going around closed volumes are called strapping, well known in packaging technology. It is advantageous for these strappings to go around the closed volumes in the three orthogonal planes defining a geometric volume.
  • the volume to be strapped here is the internal rigid shell of the building.
  • the internal rigid shell forms a nesting box in relation to the external shell of the building.
  • the strapping in the three orthogonal planes will form a cage which will therefore be imprisoned between the two waterproof rigid shells.
  • This cage will act as a brace for the two hulls in order to keep them at a distance from each other and will act as a support for the ribs of the trellises at very close support points.
  • the usual strapping packaging technique consists of unrolling a continuous strip of flat steel, wrapping it around the volume to be packaged, tensioning the strapping, crimping the free end of the strip onto the supply strip and finally to cut this strip.
  • a connected strapping is a closed strapping.
  • the strapping will be corrugated or crenellated over their entire circumference.
  • the internal edges or edges of the ribs of the crossed lattice structures will also be corrugated or crenellated.
  • the undulations or crenellations of the internal edges of the crossed lattice ribs of the panels forming the internal shell are opposite the undulations or crenellations of the internal edges of the crossed lattice ribs of the external shell which are complementary and fit together.
  • crenellated edge of a rib will be called a crenellation, preferred to the undulations which cause the accumulation of tensions in the bands.
  • the strapping being composed of a flat strip, its twisting or folding can only be carried out in its smallest dimension, i.e. its thickness.
  • the median plane of the undulations or battlements is therefore confused with the median plane of the strapping going around the volume.
  • the thickness of the strapping will be that of the strapping usually used in packaging technology.
  • the crossed lattice assembly of the crenellated ribs makes it possible to obtain panels of which one of the faces will have crossed rows of crenellations.
  • the crossed crenellations of the two panels would be joined if they were completely embedded in each other. But since the panels are spaced apart, this join forms a wavy or crenellated empty space between the crenellations.
  • the corrugated strapping placed in this empty space between the crenellations will therefore be sandwiched between two panels of crossed lattice ribs.
  • the developed length of the crenellated empty space between the crenellations is greater than the length of the strapping.
  • the tensioned strapping will push back the opposite crenellations and will reciprocally allow the pressure exerted on the waterproof outer envelope of the castellated panels to be transmitted to the strappings to exert tension on them.
  • This pressure being atmospheric pressure.
  • the tension exerted on the strapping will cause pressure between the edges or tight junction surfaces of neighboring panels.
  • An intense pressure will be exerted between the joining edges of the panels of the internal shell via the strapping cage.
  • the strapping cage enveloping the internal shell is imprisoned between the internal shell and the external shell and thus forms a building chaining system. Atmospheric pressure will be transmitted to the joining edges of the outer shell panels and press them together.
  • External facing frames detailed below will also secure the assembly of the external shell.
  • the wooden bars crossed in latticework of the demand WO2021180373 are supported by corrugated reinforcements. Which is not the case with this application, the reinforcements being removed.
  • the strapping will include undulations whose wavelength will be a whole fraction of the sides of the mesh of the mesh panels.
  • the ribs which will be made of wood will be supported by the strapping with multiple supports. The spans between the supports will be short, limiting the bending of the wood.
  • a vacuum insulating panel (7) of flattened shape is composed of a laminated cellular internal supporting structure enveloped by a waterproof membrane (9).
  • the cellular supporting structure is composed of fabrics (8) and two lattices (5) and (6) with large meshes.
  • the two large mesh trellises are composed of crossed wooden ribs (2) and (3). The two trellises are surrounded by straight or beveled edges.
  • the rigidity of the supporting cellular structure and border assembly is reinforced by the stretched layer of fabric (8) with very fine mesh which is covered with a metallized polymer film (9), therefore gas-tight.
  • the flexible waterproof membrane (9) which envelops the cellular structure is therefore supported by a fine mesh support framework made up of the fabric (8) stiffened by atmospheric pressure and which is similarly supported by a large mesh support framework formed by the lattice (5) and (6) rigid.
  • the sealed membrane (9) does not admit any porosity or interstice which would lead to the introduction of air into the evacuated internal volume.
  • a removable vacuum hull composed of an assembly of vacuum insulating supporting panels, PIV, does not admit any porosity or interstice which would allow air to enter its internal volume.
  • the invention therefore consists of carrying out the waterproof assembly with contiguous edges or edges of a plurality of vacuum insulating load-bearing panels without conventional external mechanical fixing.
  • the invention must allow the bracing of the hull under vacuum and limit the bending of the wooden ribs (2) and (3) over time.
  • the result of the assembly of a plurality of carrier PIVs is a removable vacuum shell consisting of an overall volume delimited by membranes (9) supported by fabrics (8) and structures composed of two lattices (5) and (6) held at a distance from each other and composed of wooden ribs (2) and (3) with a crenellated internal edge or edge.
  • the wooden ribs (2) and (3) of the trellises are crossed, thus forming large mesh trellises which will support the fabrics (8).
  • the force exerted by atmospheric pressure and absorbed by a single mesh of wooden trellis (5) or (6) will be limited to the reduced surface area of fabric supported by this single mesh of the wooden trellis.
  • the fabric is glued to the straight exterior edges of the ribs (2) and (3) and to the edges (4) of the panels (5) and (6), the cumulative tensions of the elementary surfaces of the mesh meshes do not will not be transmitted to the edges of the tissues.
  • the fabric contributes to the bracing of the wooden trellises being stretched by atmospheric pressure.
  • the closed, gas-tight volume, delimited by the membrane (9), is subjected to a high vacuum, less than 1hPa. Complete gas evacuation will occur when the gas molecules locked in the materials are extracted. This is why the internal volume of the hull is permanently connected to a vacuum pump. The optimal quality of thermal and sound insulation will be maintained throughout the life of the hull thanks to this vacuum pump.
  • the fabric (8) is composed of plant threads or metal threads or petrochemical or mineral synthetic fibers and supports a layer of heat-weldable metallized polymer or Ethylene/Vinyl Alcohol Copolymer (EVOH) which forms a particularly gas-tight barrier. It is also possible to heat mold a waterproof and fairly thick layer of Polyvinyl Chloride onto the fabric and metallize it by dynamic chemical deposition.
  • EVOH Ethylene/Vinyl Alcohol Copolymer
  • the ribs (2) and (3) are made up either of OSB-type laminated wood plates, or of raw wood which does not require chemical treatment since it is placed under vacuum throughout its lifespan.
  • the crenellated ribs are supported by a thin metal or synthetic strip, this is the strapping (1) whose width is identical to that of the ribs. These supports of the ribs on the strapping (1) make it possible to separate the two panels (5) and (6) and thus create a central insulating layer.
  • the wavelength of the corrugation of the strapping and the pitch length of the ribs' crenellation is an integer fraction of the dimension of the sides of the square meshes of the wooden lattices (5) and (6).
  • the height of the battlements is at least half the pitch of the battlements.
  • the layer composed of a fabric and a waterproof membrane could be replaced by a single metal strip.
  • fabrics made of synthetic fibers or small diameter metal wires can be woven in very wide widths, unlike steel sheets or rolled aluminum strips whose manufacturing width is limited.
  • the chaining system for buildings composed of a vacuum shell is composed of a multitude of strappings integrated into the vacuum volume. These are the metal or synthetic strips sandwiched between the crenellated edge ribs of the panels. These strappings being endless, that is to say the two ends or ends of which are welded or crimped before or during their installation, it is necessary that the laminated panels (7) allow their assembly.
  • the internal panels (5) are composed of a layer of wooden ribs crossed in a latticework (2), the internal face of which is composed of cross aliasing.
  • the external panels (6) are composed of a layer of wooden ribs crossed in a latticework (3), the internal face of which is composed of crossed crenellations.
  • the cross crenellations of the external panels (6) fit into the complementary cross crenellations of the internal panels (5) but remain at a distance from each other.
  • the strappings (1) are inserted into the crenellated space left empty between these crossed crenellations which are mutually embedded.
  • the strapping cage keeps the shell composed of joined internal panels (5) in suspension in the shell composed of joined external panels (6).
  • the free ends of the straps are fixed on the frame frames (12) instead of being connected by welding or crimping.
  • the strapping will therefore not be in an endless closed loop at the location of the bays. It is even possible to insert the strapping into waterproof frames without interrupting them; they will support fixed glass walls or small windows. In this assembly, the strapping will be straight without undulation in the waterproof frames.
  • FIG. 17 creates a symbiosis between demand WO2021180373 and the present application shows a structure intended for the manufacture of works with a span of ten meters and more. Strappings and reinforcements are combined in order to create triangulated crossed assemblies composed of pairs of reinforced ribs (2) and (3) in mirror braced by columns (14) alternately inclined in the opposite direction and thus forming crossed beams called lattice beams of very great rigidity.
  • the internal edges of the ribs (2) and (3) are in contact with the reinforcements (1) which remain taut.
  • the two panels composed of internal ribs (2) braced by the columns (14) form the central insulating panel (13).
  • the slots between the panels must be temporarily closed with plastic film before vacuum-packing the shell. With the vacuum, the panels will come together, fit together and tighten the straps.
  • the plastic film helps to circumscribe the void by temporarily blocking the gaps. The plastic film will be recovered after use.
  • the interior lining panels and the exterior cladding plates as well as the floors and ceilings will be mounted on load-bearing facing frames (10).
  • the profiles of these frames will be connected at their ends in the corners by bolted metal bracket plates.
  • the exterior frames (10) hold the exterior panels (6) in place if a sudden blast occurs in the event of accidental rupture of the air space.
  • the profiles of the facing frame (10) will be clipped onto the waterproof membrane (9).
  • the strapping cage can encircle two or more internal nested boxes, in this case the apartments or rooms of the building will be separated by vacuum walls. Each internal pull-out box will be surrounded by a strapping cage.
  • the large-scale works of figures 16 And 17 with three superimposed panels (5), (6) and (13), will have two superimposed strapping cages or nesting cages.
  • the atmospheric pressure which applies to the shell will be exerted on the edges or junction joints (4) of the panels via the cellular structures supporting the panels and the hull. It is the atmospheric pressure exerted on the waterproof exterior membrane which is transmitted to the junctions (4) of the panels. This pressure firmly sticks the edges of the panels against each other.
  • the strapping cages secure the vacuum fixings of the panels.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)

Abstract

Cage de cerclage composée d'une multitude de cerclages en boucle fermée sans fin ceinturant une coque sous vide de bâtiment, caractérisée par l'ample forme ondulée ou crénelée circonférentielle desdits cerclages qui se tendent sous l'action de la mise en dépression de ladite coque de bâtiment et provoque ainsi le serrage centripète desdites cage de cerclage et coque sous vide.Strapping cage composed of a multitude of straps in an endless closed loop surrounding a vacuum shell of a building, characterized by the ample circumferential wavy or crenellated shape of said straps which are stretched under the action of the depression of said shell building and thus causes the centripetal tightening of said strapping cage and vacuum shell.

Description

L'invention se situe dans le domaine de la production en usine de bâtiments nomades et autonomes grâce à leur structure sous vide à haut niveau d'isolation thermique et phonique. La fabrication de ces bâtiments nécessite peu de matériaux d'origine minérale et n'utilise pas de béton.The invention is located in the field of factory production of nomadic and autonomous buildings thanks to their vacuum structure with a high level of thermal and sound insulation. The manufacture of these buildings requires few materials of mineral origin and does not use concrete.

Leurs temps de fabrication et de montage seront très réduits.Their manufacturing and assembly times will be very reduced.

Le niveau très élevé de l'isolation thermique des bâtiments produits permettra une autonomie énergétique et hydrique. Leur utilisation sera possible en zone désertique et là où le réchauffement climatique va rendre la vie impossible. De plus, leur implantation ne détruira pas la biodiversité.The very high level of thermal insulation of the buildings produced will allow energy and water autonomy. Their use will be possible in desert areas and where global warming will make life impossible. In addition, their implementation will not destroy biodiversity.

Il est démontré que la production et l'utilisation du béton engendre entre 5 et 6 % des émissions de gaz à effet de serre anthropique dans le monde. L'industrie manufacturière de la construction représente 20 % des émissions de gaz à effet de serre. Les réserves de sable à grains anguleux se raréfient et le sable du désert perlé n'est pas utilisable.It is shown that the production and use of concrete generates between 5 and 6% of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions worldwide. The construction manufacturing industry accounts for 20% of greenhouse gas emissions. Reserves of angular-grained sand are becoming scarce and pearly desert sand is not usable.

On connaît le problème des habitations construites en dur à une époque où leur environnement était sain et agréable, condamnées à être détruites suite à une dégradation environnementale. Le bâtiment n'est pas récupérable et sa démolition produit des déchets encombrants.We know the problem of homes built on a permanent basis at a time when their environment was healthy and pleasant, condemned to be destroyed following environmental degradation. The building cannot be salvaged and its demolition produces bulky waste.

Le problème des habitations non isolées et dont la rénovation trop coûteuse ne donne pas entière satisfaction est connu.The problem of uninsulated homes whose overly expensive renovation does not give complete satisfaction is known.

Certains matériaux exposés à l'air, aux rayonnements solaires, au gel et à l'humidité se dégradent à long terme.Certain materials exposed to air, solar radiation, frost and humidity deteriorate in the long term.

On constate également la ruine de certains ouvrages en béton armé dont les armatures s'oxydent quand le béton est poreux. C'est le cas de balcons d'immeubles, de ponts effondrés, etc.We also note the ruin of certain reinforced concrete structures whose reinforcements oxidize when the concrete is porous. This is the case for building balconies, collapsed bridges, etc.

Les dégâts sur des habitations construites en zone inondable et/ou sismique entraînent des indemnisations assurantielles catastrophiques car ces habitations ne résistent ni aux entrées d'eau, ni aux séismes.Damage to homes built in flood and/or seismic zones results in catastrophic insurance compensation because these homes are neither resistant to water ingress nor to earthquakes.

La présente invention propose de remédier à ces problèmes et se réfère au domaine technique de la fabrication d'une structure à isolations thermique et phonique intégrées de type coque dite en cocon.The present invention proposes to remedy these problems and refers to the technical field of manufacturing a structure with integrated thermal and sound insulation of the so-called cocoon shell type.

Une structure de ce type est constituée de trois couches agencées en sandwich : Il s'agit premièrement, d'une peau externe constituée de plaques rigides ; deuxièmement, d'une couche intermédiaire en matériaux d'isolation thermique qui constitue un rupteur thermique et troisièmement, d'une peau interne également constituée de plaques rigides.A structure of this type is made up of three layers arranged in a sandwich: Firstly, an external skin made up of rigid plates; secondly, an intermediate layer of thermal insulation materials which constitutes a thermal breaker and thirdly, an internal skin also made up of rigid plates.

Les structures proposées dans cette demande n'utilisent pas de plaques rigides. L'utilisation de panneaux d'isolation sous vide incorporés ou non dans les murs, les planchers et les couvertures des bâtiments est connue. Abréviation : PIV ou VIP (Vacuum Insulation Panel).The structures proposed in this application do not use rigid plates. The use of embedded vacuum insulation panels or not in the walls, floors and roofs of buildings is known. Abbreviation: PIV or VIP (Vacuum Insulation Panel).

Les panneaux de type PIV comprennent de façon connue en soit un matériau de cœur poreux isolant à structure cellulaire dont les cellules sont ouvertes et maintenues sous vide par une enveloppe barrière garantissant l'étanchéité aux gaz. Dans les panneaux PIV, tous les gaz présents sont évacués du matériau poreux avant un conditionnement sous vide au sein d'une enveloppe barrière souple généralement constituée d'un film métallisé thermosoudable. Les panneaux de type PIV sont fragiles et ne sont donc pas porteurs. Cette fragilité rend obligatoire l'ajout d'une structure porteuse à l'air libre qui n'est pas isolante. Dans ce cas, les ponts thermiques entre l'extérieur et l'intérieur du bâtiment sont inévitables. De plus, il est difficile de contrôler le niveau de vide à long terme des panneaux de type PIV, à 10, 30, 50 ans et plus.The PIV type panels comprise, in a known manner, a porous insulating core material with a cellular structure whose cells are open and held under vacuum by a barrier envelope guaranteeing gas tightness. In PIV panels, all gases present are evacuated from the porous material before vacuum packaging within a flexible barrier envelope generally made of a heat-weldable metallized film. PIV type panels are fragile and are therefore not load-bearing. This fragility makes it necessary to add a supporting structure in the open air which is not insulating. In this case, thermal bridges between the exterior and interior of the building are inevitable. In addition, it is difficult to control the long-term vacuum level of PIV type panels, at 10, 30, 50 years and more.

L'assemblage de panneaux porteurs PIV de la présente invention permet d'obtenir une coque sous vide. On peut considérer que la coque obtenue n'est qu'un unique panneau PIV.The assembly of PIV supporting panels of the present invention makes it possible to obtain a vacuum hull. We can consider that the shell obtained is only a single PIV panel.

Pour rappel, on sait que la meilleure isolation thermique qui soit est le vide de tout gaz. Afin de rigidifier, de rendre plus solide, d'économiser des matériaux et d'insonoriser la structure des panneaux et de la coque, l'invention utilise un effet physique : l'effet dit de Magdebourg.As a reminder, we know that the best thermal insulation there is is a vacuum of all gas. In order to stiffen, make more solid, save materials and soundproof the structure of the panels and the shell, the invention uses a physical effect: the so-called Magdeburg effect.

Quand un volume est sous vide de tout gaz, la force exercée sur les parois de ce volume est égale à la pression atmosphérique moyenne, soit 1013 hPa ou mbar au niveau de la mer. Cette force va être utilisée dans la totalité de la coque obtenue par l'assemblage des panneaux porteurs isolants sous vide de la présente invention. En raison de ce vide, la pression atmosphérique va s'exercer sur la totalité des enveloppes barrières enrobant les panneaux et la coque. Cette force va permettre le maintien des panneaux entre eux.When a volume is under vacuum of any gas, the force exerted on the walls of this volume is equal to the average atmospheric pressure, i.e. 1013 hPa or mbar at sea level. This force will be used in the entire shell obtained by assembling the vacuum insulating supporting panels of the present invention. Due to this vacuum, atmospheric pressure will be exerted on all of the barrier envelopes covering the panels and the hull. This force will allow the panels to be held together.

Afin de garder un volume constant à l'intérieur de l'enveloppe souple étanche d'un panneau ou d'une coque tout en créant un minimum de ponts thermiques, il sera placé dans cette enveloppe deux treillis écartés l'un de l'autre par des bandes ou cerclages tendus de faible largeur. Ces cerclages étant de faible épaisseur, ils limiteront la transmission des flux thermiques par conduction. Les volumes intérieurs des panneaux et de la coque, les treillis et les cerclages seront soumis à un vide de gaz poussé, ce qui supprimera la transmission des flux thermiques par convection. Les cerclages supporteront les treillis constitués de nervures croisées dont le matériau constitutif est de nature isolante. La couche centrale constituée des cerclages tendus sera plus spécifiquement la couche isolante des structures « sandwichs » constituant les panneaux et la coque.In order to keep a constant volume inside the flexible waterproof envelope of a panel or a shell while creating a minimum of thermal bridges, two trellises spaced apart from each other will be placed in this envelope. by stretched bands or strapping of narrow width. These straps being thin, they will limit the transmission of heat flows by conduction. The interior volumes of the panels and the shell, the lattices and the strapping will be subjected to a high gas vacuum, which will eliminate the transmission of heat flows by convection. The strapping will support the lattices made up of crossed ribs whose constituent material is of an insulating nature. The central layer made up of the tensioned strapping will more specifically be the insulating layer of the “sandwich” structures constituting the panels and the hull.

La publication EP3585952 décrit la fabrication d'une superstructure constituée d'une coque sous vide comprenant deux enveloppes, une interne et une externe, renfermant un matériau d'isolation de type granules sphériques poreux et rigides. Les granules sont versés en vrac sans aucun liant et n'ont donc que de faibles points de contact entre eux, ce qui limite la transmission des flux thermiques par conduction.The publication EP3585952 describes the manufacture of a superstructure consisting of a vacuum shell comprising two envelopes, one internal and one external, enclosing an insulation material of the porous and rigid spherical granule type. The granules are poured in bulk without any binder and therefore have only weak points of contact between them, which limits the transmission of thermal flows by conduction.

Afin d'améliorer l'isolation ainsi que la rigidité de la structure ou coque du bâtiment, cette publication antérieure propose de mettre sous vide d'air, grâce à une peau étanche, l'ensemble du volume de granules ainsi que les enveloppes composées de panneaux rigides jointifs.In order to improve the insulation as well as the rigidity of the structure or shell of the building, this previous publication proposes placing the entire volume of granules as well as the envelopes made up of rigid joined panels.

Une demande précédente WO2021180373 propose :

  • De supprimer les granules poreux rigides dont le matériel de production et l'énergie primaire consommée pour leur transport et leur fabrication sont coûteux. Les granules ayant un coût prohibitif car la couche isolante intermédiaire est volumineuse et constitue la majeure partie du volume global de la structure. C'est généralement le problème de toute couche isolante constituée de matériaux poreux. - De supprimer les plaques rigides qui forment les enveloppes et de ne garder que des peaux souples étanches. - De rendre le montage et le démontage de la structure porteuse faciles et rapides sans utilisation de liaisons définitives. - De diviser le volume de la coque en structures élémentaires sous forme de panneaux prêts à monter qu'il suffit d'assembler. - De joindre ces panneaux par des bordures de liaison étanche.
A previous request WO2021180373 propose :
  • To eliminate rigid porous granules whose production equipment and primary energy consumed for their transport and manufacturing are expensive. The granules are prohibitively expensive because the intermediate insulating layer is bulky and constitutes the majority of the overall volume of the structure. This is generally the problem with any insulating layer made of porous materials. - To remove the rigid plates which form the envelopes and to keep only flexible, waterproof skins. - To make the assembly and dismantling of the supporting structure easy and quick without the use of definitive connections. - To divide the volume of the hull into elementary structures in the form of ready-to-assemble panels that simply need to be assembled. - To join these panels with waterproof connecting edges.

Cette demande précédente propose un panneau porteur isolant sous vide de forme aplatie constitué d'une structure rigide cellulaire enveloppée par une membrane souple étanche aux gaz supportée par des ossatures tissées et en treillis empilées en couches superposées dont les maillages sont de plus en plus fins à l'approche de ladite membrane extérieure dudit panneau. L'enveloppe de chaque panneau est constituée d'un tissu de fibres synthétiques supportant un film polymère métallisé étanche aux gaz. La peau enveloppante d'un panneau est supportée intérieurement par deux treillis dont la matière est thermiquement isolante et rigide. Ces deux treillis sont entretoisés à intervalles réguliers par des colonnes. Cette demande précédente propose également un procédé d'assemblage des panneaux porteurs isolants sous vide permettant d'obtenir une coque sous vide autostable qui peut être démontée et remontée indéfiniment sans modification temporaire ou définitive des caractéristiques physiques intrinsèques des panneaux.This previous application proposes a vacuum insulating carrier panel of flattened shape consisting of a rigid cellular structure enveloped by a flexible gas-tight membrane supported by woven and lattice frames stacked in superimposed layers whose meshes are increasingly finer at the approach of said outer membrane of said panel. The envelope of each panel is made of a synthetic fiber fabric supporting a gas-tight metallized polymer film. The enveloping skin of a panel is supported internally by two lattices whose material is thermally insulating and rigid. These two trellises are braced at regular intervals by columns. This previous application also proposes a process for assembling vacuum insulating supporting panels making it possible to obtain a self-stable vacuum shell which can be dismantled and reassembled indefinitely without temporary or permanent modification of the intrinsic physical characteristics of the panels.

Le volume formé par l'assemblage des panneaux, donc le volume de la coque, est mis sous vide de tout gaz. Cette mise sous vide permettant de rigidifier et de rendre isolante ladite coque.The volume formed by the assembly of the panels, therefore the volume of the hull, is evacuated of all gas. This vacuuming makes it possible to stiffen and make said shell insulating.

La demande WO2011050800 propose la fabrication de panneaux isolants sous vide composés de plaques externes rigides renforcées par des membrures parallèles entre elles, collées sous les plaques à l'intérieur du panneau sous vide et qui sont supportées par des fils tendus. Cette disposition permet d'avoir une couche centrale isolante composée de vide de matière solide.Requirement WO2011050800 offers the manufacture of vacuum insulating panels composed of rigid external plates reinforced by parallel members between them, glued under the plates inside the vacuum panel and which are supported by tensioned wires. This arrangement makes it possible to have a central insulating layer composed of voids of solid material.

La demande WO2015197960 décrit un bâtiment composé d'une double coque en béton incluant une couche isolante entre les deux.Requirement WO2015197960 describes a building composed of a double concrete shell including an insulating layer between the two.

Sont donc cités en tant qu'art antérieur : la publication EP3585952 et les demandes WO2011050800 , WO2015197960 et WO2021180373 .Are therefore cited as prior art: the publication EP3585952 and requests WO2011050800 , WO2015197960 And WO2021180373 .

Dans la demande WO2021180373 la solution d'assemblage des panneaux entre eux par couturage de leurs bordures peut être améliorée, plus sécurisée et plus simple. Elle va même être supprimée.In the request WO2021180373 the solution for assembling the panels together by stitching their edges can be improved, more secure and simpler. It will even be deleted.

C'est l'objet de la présente demande.This is the subject of this request.

Description de l'inventionDescription of the invention

L'invention propose qu'une coque autostable formée par l'assemblage étanche à bords jointifs d'une pluralité de panneaux porteurs étanches puisse être démontée et remontée sans aucune modification temporaire ou définitive des caractéristiques physiques desdits panneaux. L'invention propose que les panneaux porteurs une fois assemblés forment deux coques rigides étanches maintenues à distance l'une de l'autre.The invention proposes that a self-stable shell formed by the watertight assembly with contiguous edges of a plurality of watertight supporting panels can be dismantled and reassembled without any temporary or permanent modification of the physical characteristics of said panels. The invention proposes that the supporting panels, once assembled, form two waterproof rigid shells kept at a distance from each other.

Afin d'obtenir ce résultat, les panneaux porteurs ou parois vont être divisés en deux panneaux porteurs indépendants, s'encastrant l'un dans l'autre mais tenus à distance l'un de l'autre. Ces panneaux porteurs sont constitués de treillis formés par des nervures croisées.In order to obtain this result, the load-bearing panels or walls will be divided into two independent load-bearing panels, fitting into each other but kept at a distance from each other. These load-bearing panels are made up of lattices formed by crossed ribs.

Cet écartement entre les deux treillis va être réalisé par des bandes fines tendues de faible largeur. Ces bandes feront le tour des volumes à assembler et seront en boucles fermées ou boucles sans fin. Des bandes faisant le tour de volumes fermés s'appellent des cerclages, bien connus en technique d'emballage. Il est avantageux que ces cerclages fassent le tour des volumes fermés dans les trois plans orthogonaux définissant un volume géométrique.This spacing between the two trellises will be achieved by thin stretched strips of small width. These strips will go around the volumes to be assembled and will be in closed loops or endless loops. Strips going around closed volumes are called strapping, well known in packaging technology. It is advantageous for these strappings to go around the closed volumes in the three orthogonal planes defining a geometric volume.

Le volume à cercler est ici la coque rigide interne du bâtiment. La coque rigide interne forme une boîte gigogne par rapport à la coque externe du bâtiment. Les cerclages dans les trois plans orthogonaux vont former une cage qui sera donc emprisonnée entre les deux coques rigides étanches. Cette cage fera office d'entretoisement des deux coques afin de les tenir à distance l'une de l'autre et fera office de support des nervures des treillis en des points d'appuis très rapprochés.The volume to be strapped here is the internal rigid shell of the building. The internal rigid shell forms a nesting box in relation to the external shell of the building. The strapping in the three orthogonal planes will form a cage which will therefore be imprisoned between the two waterproof rigid shells. This cage will act as a brace for the two hulls in order to keep them at a distance from each other and will act as a support for the ribs of the trellises at very close support points.

La technique d'emballage habituelle par cerclage consiste à dérouler une bande continue d'acier plat, de l'enrouler autour du volume à emballer, de tendre le cerclage, de sertir l'extrémité libre de la bande sur la bande d'alimentation et enfin de sectionner cette bande.The usual strapping packaging technique consists of unrolling a continuous strip of flat steel, wrapping it around the volume to be packaged, tensioning the strapping, crimping the free end of the strip onto the supply strip and finally to cut this strip.

Il est également avantageux de circonscrire les cerclages dans le volume sous vide sans aucune sortie de l'un ou des deux bouts libres desdits cerclages, pour cela il faut forcément relier leurs deux bouts avant la fermeture du volume sous vide. Un cerclage relié est un cerclage fermé.It is also advantageous to circumscribe the strappings in the vacuum volume without any exit from one or both free ends of said strappings, for this it is necessarily necessary to connect their two ends before closing the vacuum volume. A connected strapping is a closed strapping.

Ensuite il faut pouvoir tendre les cerclages sans avoir aucun accès possible à celui-ci puisqu'il est enfermé dans le volume sous vide. Si l'on voulait pouvoir tendre les cerclages depuis l'extérieur des volumes fermés, il faudrait pour chaque cerclage disposer d'un système de tension étanche individuel monté sur l'enveloppe étanche qui nécessiterait plusieurs pièces mécaniques permettant la tension du cerclage et une étanchéité parfaite. De plus, un tel système individuel ralentirait les opérations de montage.Then it is necessary to be able to tighten the strapping without having any possible access to it since it is enclosed in the vacuum volume. If we wanted to be able to tension the strapping from outside the closed volumes, for each strapping it would be necessary to have an individual waterproof tensioning system mounted on the waterproof envelope which would require several mechanical parts allowing the tension of the strapping and sealing. perfect. In addition, such an individual system would slow down assembly operations.

La solution doit être cherchée ailleurs car un immeuble comportera plusieurs centaines de cerclages.The solution must be sought elsewhere because a building will have several hundred strappings.

Il faut disposer de boucles augmentant la longueur des cerclages afin de pouvoir les mettre en place et de les tendre. Pour cela, les cerclages seront ondulés ou crénelés sur toute leur circonférence.It is necessary to have loops increasing the length of the strappings in order to be able to put them in place and tighten them. For this, the strapping will be corrugated or crenellated over their entire circumference.

Les chants ou tranches internes des nervures des structures croisées en treillis seront également ondulés ou crénelés. Les ondulations ou créneaux des chants internes des nervures croisées en treillis des panneaux formant la coque interne sont en regard des ondulations ou créneaux des chants internes des nervures croisées en treillis de la coque externe qui sont complémentaires et s'encastrent mutuellement.The internal edges or edges of the ribs of the crossed lattice structures will also be corrugated or crenellated. The undulations or crenellations of the internal edges of the crossed lattice ribs of the panels forming the internal shell are opposite the undulations or crenellations of the internal edges of the crossed lattice ribs of the external shell which are complementary and fit together.

Le chant crénelé d'une nervure sera appelé un crénelage, préféré aux ondulations qui provoquent l'accumulation des tensions dans les bandes.The crenellated edge of a rib will be called a crenellation, preferred to the undulations which cause the accumulation of tensions in the bands.

Le cerclage étant composé d'une bande plate, sa torsion ou pliage ne peut s'effectuer que dans sa plus petite dimension, soit son épaisseur. Le plan médian des ondulations ou créneaux est donc confondu avec le plan médian du cerclage faisant le tour du volume. L'épaisseur des cerclages sera celle des cerclages utilisés habituellement en technique d'emballage.The strapping being composed of a flat strip, its twisting or folding can only be carried out in its smallest dimension, i.e. its thickness. The median plane of the undulations or battlements is therefore confused with the median plane of the strapping going around the volume. The thickness of the strapping will be that of the strapping usually used in packaging technology.

L'assemblage croisé en treillis des nervures crénelées permet d'obtenir des panneaux dont une des faces comportera des rangées croisées de crénelages. Les crénelages croisés des deux panneaux seraient jointifs s'ils étaient complètement encastrés l'un dans l'autre. Mais puisque les panneaux sont écartés, cette jointure forme un espace vide ondulé ou crénelé entre les crénelages. Les cerclages ondulés placés dans cet espace vide entre les crénelages seront donc pris en sandwich entre deux panneaux de nervures croisées en treillis.The crossed lattice assembly of the crenellated ribs makes it possible to obtain panels of which one of the faces will have crossed rows of crenellations. The crossed crenellations of the two panels would be joined if they were completely embedded in each other. But since the panels are spaced apart, this join forms a wavy or crenellated empty space between the crenellations. The corrugated strapping placed in this empty space between the crenellations will therefore be sandwiched between two panels of crossed lattice ribs.

La longueur développée de l'espace vide crénelé entre les crénelages est supérieure à la longueur du cerclage. Le cerclage tendu va repousser les crénelages opposés et permettra réciproquement à la pression exercée sur l'enveloppe externe étanche des panneaux crénelés d'être transmise aux cerclages pour exercer une tension sur ceux-ci.The developed length of the crenellated empty space between the crenellations is greater than the length of the strapping. The tensioned strapping will push back the opposite crenellations and will reciprocally allow the pressure exerted on the waterproof outer envelope of the castellated panels to be transmitted to the strappings to exert tension on them.

Cette pression étant la pression atmosphérique.This pressure being atmospheric pressure.

La tension exercée sur les cerclages entraînera un pressage entre les bordures ou surfaces de jonction étanches des panneaux voisins. Une pression intense s'exercera entre les bordures de jonction des panneaux de la coque interne par l'intermédiaire de la cage de cerclage. La cage de cerclage enveloppant la coque interne est emprisonnée entre la coque interne et la coque externe et forme ainsi un système de chaînage des bâtiments. La pression atmosphérique sera transmise aux bordures de jonction des panneaux de la coque externe et les pressera mutuellement. Des ossatures de parement externes détaillées plus loin sécuriseront également l'assemblage de la coque externe.The tension exerted on the strapping will cause pressure between the edges or tight junction surfaces of neighboring panels. An intense pressure will be exerted between the joining edges of the panels of the internal shell via the strapping cage. The strapping cage enveloping the internal shell is imprisoned between the internal shell and the external shell and thus forms a building chaining system. Atmospheric pressure will be transmitted to the joining edges of the outer shell panels and press them together. External facing frames detailed below will also secure the assembly of the external shell.

Il est à remarquer que les barres en bois croisées en treillis de la demande WO2021180373 sont soutenues par des armatures ondulées. Ce qui n'est pas le cas de la présente demande, les armatures étant supprimées. Afin de résoudre ce problème, les cerclages comporteront des ondulations dont la longueur d'onde sera une fraction entière des côtés des mailles des panneaux en treillis. Ainsi les nervures qui seront en bois seront soutenues par les cerclages avec de multiples appuis. Les portées entre les appuis seront courtes, limitant le fléchissement du bois.It should be noted that the wooden bars crossed in latticework of the demand WO2021180373 are supported by corrugated reinforcements. Which is not the case with this application, the reinforcements being removed. To solve this problem, the strapping will include undulations whose wavelength will be a whole fraction of the sides of the mesh of the mesh panels. Thus the ribs which will be made of wood will be supported by the strapping with multiple supports. The spans between the supports will be short, limiting the bending of the wood.

Description des figuresDescription of figures

  • Figure 1 : Schéma de principe de la tension exercée sur un cerclage (1), en boucle fermée ou sans fin, par le crénelage de quatre nervures externes (3) qui s'encastrent dans le crénelage de quatre nervures internes (2). La longueur développée de l'espace vide laissé entre les crénelages est supérieure à la longueur du cerclage (1). Seuls les sommets des créneaux sont en contact avec les sommets des ondulations des cerclages. Les quatre nervures externes (3) en se rapprochant des quatre nervures internes (2) exercent une pression sur le cerclage (1) et donc une tension sur celui-ci puisque la longueur de l'espace est supérieure à la longueur du cerclage. Le cerclage sera ainsi tendu et pressera mutuellement les extrémités biseautées (4) des nervures internes (2) aux quatre coins de la structure interne. Le cerclage (1) fera ainsi le contreventement de la structure interne, et donc de la coque interne. Figure 1 : Schematic diagram of the tension exerted on a strapping (1), in a closed or endless loop, by the crenellation of four external ribs (3) which fit into the crenellation of four internal ribs (2). The developed length of the empty space left between the crenellations is greater than the length of the strapping (1). Only the tops of the battlements are in contact with the tops of the undulations of the strappings. The four external ribs (3) by approaching the four internal ribs (2) exert pressure on the strapping (1) and therefore a tension on it since the length of the space is greater than the length of the strapping. The strapping will thus be taut and will mutually press the beveled ends (4) of the internal ribs (2) at the four corners of the internal structure. The strapping (1) will thus provide bracing for the internal structure, and therefore for the internal shell.
  • Figure 2 : Vue en perspective de la structure de la figure 1, dont le cerclage (1) en permet le contreventement. Zoom sur le serrage des bordures (4) au centre des figures 1 et 2. Figure 2 : Perspective view of the structure of the figure 1 , whose strapping (1) allows bracing. Zoom on the tightening of the edges (4) in the center of the figures 1 And 2 .
  • Figure 3 : Même principe de tension des cerclages (1) des figures 1 et 2 dans les trois plans géométriques orthogonaux. Figure 3 : Same principle of tensioning the straps (1) of the figures 1 And 2 in the three orthogonal geometric planes.
  • Figure 4: Une multiplicité de cerclages (1) dans les trois plans géométriques orthogonaux forment une cage de cerclage. Cette cage est le chaînage d'une coque sous vide d'un bâtiment. Figure 4 : A multiplicity of strappings (1) in the three orthogonal geometric planes form a strapping cage. This cage is the chaining of a vacuum hull of a building.
  • Figure 5 : Panneau interne (5) composé d'un ensemble de nervures internes (2) croisées en treillis. Ce panneau est entouré d'une bordure biseautée qui sera la surface de jonction étanche (4) des panneaux internes (5) entre eux. La partie interne du panneau montre un ensemble de crénelages croisés qui sont les chants internes des nervures (2). Des sections de cerclages (1) sont posées sur les dentures. Figure 5 : Internal panel (5) composed of a set of internal ribs (2) crossed in a latticework. This panel is surrounded by a beveled edge which will be the waterproof junction surface (4) of the internal panels (5) between them. The internal part of the panel shows a set of crossed crenellations which are the internal edges of the ribs (2). Sections of strapping (1) are placed on the teeth.
  • Figure 6 : Panneau externe (6) composé d'un ensemble de nervures externes (3) croisées en treillis. Ce panneau est entouré d'une bordure biseautée qui sera la surface de jonction étanche (4) des panneaux externes (6) entre eux. La partie interne du panneau montre un ensemble de crénelages croisés qui sont les chants internes des nervures (3). Figure 6 : External panel (6) composed of a set of external ribs (3) crossed in a latticework. This panel is surrounded by a beveled edge which will be the waterproof junction surface (4) of the external panels (6) between them. The internal part of the panel shows a set of crossed crenellations which are the internal edges of the ribs (3).
  • Figure 7 : Vue de l'intérieur d'un bâtiment d'un panneau cellulaire stratifié (7) complet formant une paroi. Il est composé d'un panneau interne (5) et d'un panneau externe (6). Les crénelages internes des nervures (2) et (3) s'encastrent mutuellement mais restent à distance les uns des autres. Le panneau interne (5) est recouvert par un tissu (8) qui supporte une membrane étanche métallisée (9). Les crénelages des deux panneaux (5) et (6) sont tenus à distance par les cerclages (1). Sans les cerclages, les panneaux (5) et (6) seraient en contact et la barrière isolante centrale serait absente. Figure 7 : View from the inside of a building of a complete laminated cellular panel (7) forming a wall. It is composed of an internal panel (5) and an external panel (6). The internal crenellations of the ribs (2) and (3) fit mutually but remain at a distance from each other. The internal panel (5) is covered by a fabric (8) which supports a metallized waterproof membrane (9). The crenellations of the two panels (5) and (6) are held apart by the straps (1). Without the strapping, panels (5) and (6) would be in contact and the central insulating barrier would be absent.
  • Figure 8 : Vue d'une cage de cerclage formée par des cerclages (1) croisés en treillis montés sur deux panneaux internes (5) et un panneau externe (6). Sur cette vue, la paroi (7) formant l'assise est complète. Figure 8 : View of a strapping cage formed by straps (1) crossed in latticework mounted on two internal panels (5) and an external panel (6). In this view, the wall (7) forming the seat is complete.
  • Figure 9 : Zoom sur la figure 8 détaillant un panneau (5) composé d'une bordure et de nervures croisées (2) dont le chant interne est crénelé. La cage de cerclage est posée sur les crénelages croisés. Figure 9 : Zoom on the figure 8 detailing a panel (5) composed of a border and crossed ribs (2) whose internal edge is crenellated. The strapping cage is placed on the crossed crenellations.
  • Figure 10 : Vue extérieure d'une pièce d'habitation composée de six panneaux internes (5) et formant une boîte gigogne. Sur cette boîte sera posée la cage de cerclage. Cette boîte interne sera suspendue dans la boîte externe grâce à la cage de cerclage. Figure 10 : Exterior view of a living room made up of six internal panels (5) and forming a pull-out box. The strapping cage will be placed on this box. This internal box will be suspended in the external box thanks to the strapping cage.
  • Figure 11 : Même vue que la figure 10 mais avec trois cerclages (1) prêts à être posés. Les cerclages sont posés et soudés ou sertis à l'unité. Figure 11 : Same view as the Figure 10 but with three strappings (1) ready to be installed. The strappings are fitted and welded or crimped individually.
  • Figure 12 : Zoom sur la boîte gigogne de la figure 10 et montrant la cage de cerclage montée sur les crénelages des chants des nervures croisées internes (2). Figure 12 : Zoom on the nesting box of the Figure 10 and showing the strapping cage mounted on the crenellations of the edges of the ribs internal crossings (2).
  • Figure 13 : Vue intérieure d'une pièce d'habitation composée de trois parois ou panneaux stratifiés (7), de trois panneaux externes (6) et de trois panneaux internes (5) garnis d'un tissu porteur (8) et d'une membrane étanche (9). Figure 13 : Interior view of a living room composed of three laminated walls or panels (7), three external panels (6) and three internal panels (5) lined with a supporting fabric (8) and a membrane waterproof (9).
  • Figure 14 : Vue de six panneaux externes (6) assemblés formant une boîte externe et dont une partie est couverte par le tissu porteur (8) et la membrane étanche (9). Dans cette boîte externe sera suspendue la boîte interne non représentée grâce à la cage de cerclage. Figure 14 : View of six external panels (6) assembled forming an external box and part of which is covered by the supporting fabric (8) and the waterproof membrane (9). In this external box the internal box not shown will be suspended thanks to the strapping cage.
  • Figure 15 : Vue de six panneaux externes (6) dont l'assemblage est sécurisé par l'ossature parement (10), porteuse des plaques de bardages (11). Les bouts des cerclages (1) seront ancrés sur le cadre de baie (12). Figure 15 : View of six external panels (6) whose assembly is secured by the facing frame (10), carrying the cladding plates (11). The ends of the strappings (1) will be anchored to the bay frame (12).
  • Figure 16 : Vue d'un panneau cellulaire stratifié (7) dont les nervures (2) et (3) sont armées par les cerclages (1) et qui comporte un panneau interne (5), un panneau externe (6), plus un panneau intermédiaire (13) composé de deux couches de nervures croisées en treillis (2) en miroir. Figure 16 : View of a laminated cellular panel (7) whose ribs (2) and (3) are reinforced by the strappings (1) and which comprises an internal panel (5), an external panel (6), plus an intermediate panel (13) composed of two layers of crossed lattice ribs (2) mirrored.
  • Figure 17 : Vue avec la coupe de trois nervures (3) de six alvéoles du panneau cellulaire stratifié (7) de la figure 16 qui est composé de quatre couches d'ossatures de nervures croisées (2) et (3) couplées par deux et dont les chants internes ondulés sont en contact avec les cerclages (1) ou armatures ondulées. Les deux panneaux (5) et (6) sont entretoisés par les colonnes (14) dont la disposition et l'orientation par rapport aux armatures (1) créaient des ensembles triangulés composés de couples de barres en miroir. Les colonnes (14) sont alternativement inclinées en sens inverse, formant ainsi des poutres croisées dites en treillis. Les deux structures composées de nervures (2) en miroir entretoisées par les colonnes (14) forment un panneau intermédiaire (13) central isolant. Chaque volume sera ceinturé par deux cages de cerclage superposées ou cages gigognes. La longueur d'onde des armatures encastrées est égale aux côtés des mailles des ossatures. Les crénelages des chants internes des nervures ne sont pas écartés mais en contact avec les armatures (1) qui restent tendues. Figure 17 : View with the section of three ribs (3) of six cells of the laminated cellular panel (7) of the Figure 16 which is composed of four layers of crossed rib frames (2) and (3) coupled in pairs and whose internal corrugated edges are in contact with the strapping (1) or corrugated reinforcement. The two panels (5) and (6) are braced by the columns (14) whose arrangement and orientation relative to the frames (1) created triangulated assemblies composed of pairs of mirrored bars. The columns (14) are alternately inclined in opposite directions, thus forming crossed beams known as lattices. The two structures composed of mirrored ribs (2) braced by the columns (14) form a central insulating intermediate panel (13). Each volume will be surrounded by two superimposed strapping cages or nesting cages. The wavelength of the embedded reinforcements is equal to the sides of the frame meshes. The crenellations of the internal edges of the ribs are not separated but in contact with the reinforcements (1) which remain taut.

Zoom sur une colonne (14) qui a une position inclinée au montage et dont les deux emmanchements coniques sont verticaux afin de faciliter son montage. Les colonnes sont alternativement inclinées en sens opposés afin de former une triangulation avec les cerclages-armatures (1) ondulés.
Nomenclature : 1- Cerclage, 2- Nervure interne, 3- Nervure externe, 4- Bordure de jonction, 5- Panneau interne, 6- Panneau externe, 7- Panneau stratifié, 8- Tissu porteur, 9- Membrane étanche, 10- Ossature parement, 11- Plaque bardage, 12- Cadre dormant, 13- Panneau intermédiaire, 14- Colonne.Zoom on a column (14) which has an inclined position during assembly and whose two conical fittings are vertical in order to facilitate its assembly. The columns are alternately inclined in opposite directions in order to form a triangulation with the corrugated strapping-reinforcements (1).
Nomenclature: 1- Strapping, 2- Internal rib, 3- External rib, 4- Junction edge, 5- Internal panel, 6- External panel, 7- Laminated panel, 8- Supporting fabric, 9- Waterproof membrane, 10- Frame facing, 11- Cladding plate, 12- Frame, 13- Intermediate panel, 14- Column.

Réalisation de l'inventionRealization of the invention

Il s'agit de fabriquer et d'assembler des panneaux stratifiés porteurs (7), déjà décrits dans la demande WO2021180373 , qui ont une structure cellulaire sensiblement identique mais dont la stratification doit être modifiée pour tenir compte d'une technique d'assemblage différente.This involves manufacturing and assembling load-bearing laminated panels (7), already described in the application WO2021180373 , which have a substantially identical cellular structure but whose stratification must be modified to take into account a different assembly technique.

Un panneau isolant sous vide (7) de forme aplatie est composé d'une structure porteuse interne cellulaire stratifiée enveloppée d'une membrane étanche (9). La structure porteuse cellulaire est composée de tissus (8) et de deux treillis (5) et (6) à grosses mailles. Les deux treillis à grosses mailles sont composés de nervures croisées (2) et (3) en bois. Les deux treillis sont ceinturés par des bordures droites ou biseautées.A vacuum insulating panel (7) of flattened shape is composed of a laminated cellular internal supporting structure enveloped by a waterproof membrane (9). The cellular supporting structure is composed of fabrics (8) and two lattices (5) and (6) with large meshes. The two large mesh trellises are composed of crossed wooden ribs (2) and (3). The two trellises are surrounded by straight or beveled edges.

La rigidité de l'ensemble structure cellulaire porteuse et bordure est renforcée par la couche tendue de tissu (8) à mailles très fines qui est recouverte d'un film polymère métallisé (9), donc étanche aux gaz.The rigidity of the supporting cellular structure and border assembly is reinforced by the stretched layer of fabric (8) with very fine mesh which is covered with a metallized polymer film (9), therefore gas-tight.

La membrane souple étanche (9) qui enveloppe la structure cellulaire est donc supportée par une ossature-support à mailles fines constituée du tissu (8) rigidifié par la pression atmosphérique et qui est pareillement supporté par une ossature-support à grosses mailles formée par les treillis (5) et (6) rigides.The flexible waterproof membrane (9) which envelops the cellular structure is therefore supported by a fine mesh support framework made up of the fabric (8) stiffened by atmospheric pressure and which is similarly supported by a large mesh support framework formed by the lattice (5) and (6) rigid.

La membrane étanche (9) n'admet aucune porosité ou interstice qui entraînerait une introduction d'air dans le volume interne mis sous vide. Pareillement, une coque sous vide démontable composée d'un assemblage de panneaux porteurs isolants sous vide, PIV, n'admet aucune porosité ou interstice qui permettrait à l'air de s'introduire dans son volume interne.The sealed membrane (9) does not admit any porosity or interstice which would lead to the introduction of air into the evacuated internal volume. Similarly, a removable vacuum hull composed of an assembly of vacuum insulating supporting panels, PIV, does not admit any porosity or interstice which would allow air to enter its internal volume.

L'enjeu est donc d'assembler sans aucune fixation mécanique externe ces PIV porteurs qui sont recouverts d'une membrane étanche fragile. En effet, un système d'assemblage mécanique accessible ne pourrait être implanté que sur la membrane étanche, mais cette implantation nécessite un perçage de la membrane qu'il est délicat de colmater. Toutefois, des liaisons mécaniques internes par boulons pourront être employées pour assembler les panneaux internes (5) constituant la coque interne. L'assemblage pourra s'opérer en joignant les bordures. Cet assemblage par boulons est uniquement destiné à permettre le montage de la coque interne avant son chaînage par cerclage. Les bordures sont trop fragiles pour que leur assemblage assure le contreventement de la coque interne.The challenge is therefore to assemble these load-bearing PIVs which are covered with a fragile waterproof membrane without any external mechanical fixing. Indeed, an accessible mechanical assembly system could only be installed on the waterproof membrane, but this installation requires drilling the membrane which is difficult to seal. However, internal mechanical connections by bolts can be used to assemble the internal panels (5) constituting the internal shell. Assembly can be carried out by joining the edges. This bolt assembly is only intended to allow the assembly of the internal shell before its chaining by strapping. The edges are too fragile for their assembly to provide bracing of the internal shell.

L'invention consiste donc à procéder à l'assemblage étanche à bords ou chants jointifs d'une pluralité de panneaux porteurs isolants sous vide sans fixation mécanique classique externe. L'invention doit permettre le contreventement de la coque sous vide et de limiter le fléchissement des nervures en bois (2) et (3) dans le temps.The invention therefore consists of carrying out the waterproof assembly with contiguous edges or edges of a plurality of vacuum insulating load-bearing panels without conventional external mechanical fixing. The invention must allow the bracing of the hull under vacuum and limit the bending of the wooden ribs (2) and (3) over time.

La pression atmosphérique qui s'exerce sur les surfaces extérieures (9) de la coque permet de presser l'une contre l'autre les bordures (4) ou jonctions des panneaux sous vide d'air. Toutefois, la sécurité n'est pas garantie en cas de rupture du vide d'air global. Une rupture de vide d'air avec des panneaux qui ne bénéficieraient plus de contreventement serait catastrophique pour un bâtiment d'habitation. C'est pourquoi des liaisons mécaniques stables multiples intérieures aux panneaux sont nécessaires à la sécurisation de la stabilité de la coque.The atmospheric pressure exerted on the exterior surfaces (9) of the shell makes it possible to press the edges (4) or junctions of the panels against each other under an air vacuum. However, safety is not guaranteed in the event of rupture of the overall air gap. An air gap rupture with panels that no longer benefit from bracing would be catastrophic for a residential building. This is why multiple stable mechanical connections inside the panels are necessary to secure the stability of the hull.

Le résultat de l'assemblage d'une pluralité de PIV porteurs est une coque sous vide démontable constituée d'un volume global délimité par des membranes (9) soutenues par des tissus (8) et des structures composées de deux treillis (5) et (6) tenus à distance l'un de l'autre et composés de nervures en bois (2) et (3) à tranche ou chant interne crénelé.The result of the assembly of a plurality of carrier PIVs is a removable vacuum shell consisting of an overall volume delimited by membranes (9) supported by fabrics (8) and structures composed of two lattices (5) and (6) held at a distance from each other and composed of wooden ribs (2) and (3) with a crenellated internal edge or edge.

Il est à noter que dans le cas d'un bâtiment, étant donné la masse légère d'une structure composée d'un film plastique métallisé, de tissus, de nervures en bois et de cerclages fins, les calculs de résistance de cette structure démontrent que ses éléments constitutifs peuvent être beaucoup plus fins que si elle devait supporter sa propre masse de matériaux de construction minéraux, tel que du béton.It should be noted that in the case of a building, given the light mass of a structure composed of a metallized plastic film, fabrics, wooden ribs and fine strapping, the resistance calculations of this structure demonstrate that its constituent elements can be much thinner than if it were to support its own mass of mineral building materials, such as concrete.

Seules les masses des panneaux de parement, de doublage, des planchers en bois recouverts de carrelage ou non, et des plafonds qui peuvent être des films tendus, seront enregistrées comme données de base dans les calculs. Toutes les autres données habituelles ne changeant pas pour les calculs de résistance (le vent, la neige, les charges ...).Only the masses of facing panels, lining, wooden floors covered with tiles or not, and ceilings which may be stretched films, will be recorded as basic data in the calculations. All other usual data does not change for resistance calculations (wind, snow, loads, etc.).

Les nervures en bois (2) et (3) des treillis sont croisées formant ainsi des treillis à grosses mailles qui vont supporter les tissus (8). La force exercée par la pression atmosphérique et absorbée par une seule maille de treillis en bois (5) ou (6) sera limitée à la surface réduite de tissu supportée par cette maille unique du treillis en bois. De plus, si le tissu est collé sur les chants extérieurs droits des nervures (2) et (3) et sur les bordures (4) des panneaux (5) et (6), les tensions cumulées des surfaces élémentaires des mailles de treillis ne seront pas transmises aux rives des tissus. Le tissu participe au contreventement des treillis en bois étant tendu par la pression atmosphérique.The wooden ribs (2) and (3) of the trellises are crossed, thus forming large mesh trellises which will support the fabrics (8). The force exerted by atmospheric pressure and absorbed by a single mesh of wooden trellis (5) or (6) will be limited to the reduced surface area of fabric supported by this single mesh of the wooden trellis. In addition, if the fabric is glued to the straight exterior edges of the ribs (2) and (3) and to the edges (4) of the panels (5) and (6), the cumulative tensions of the elementary surfaces of the mesh meshes do not will not be transmitted to the edges of the tissues. The fabric contributes to the bracing of the wooden trellises being stretched by atmospheric pressure.

Le volume fermé et étanche aux gaz, délimité par la membrane (9), est soumis à un vide poussé, inférieur à 1hPa. La mise sous vide complète de gaz se fera quand les molécules de gaz enfermées dans les matériaux seront extraites. C'est pourquoi le volume interne de la coque est relié à une pompe à vide de façon permanente. La qualité optimale des isolations thermique et phonique sera maintenue durant toute la durée de vie de la coque grâce à cette pompe à vide.The closed, gas-tight volume, delimited by the membrane (9), is subjected to a high vacuum, less than 1hPa. Complete gas evacuation will occur when the gas molecules locked in the materials are extracted. This is why the internal volume of the hull is permanently connected to a vacuum pump. The optimal quality of thermal and sound insulation will be maintained throughout the life of the hull thanks to this vacuum pump.

Le tissu (8) est composé de fils végétaux ou de fils métalliques ou de fibres synthétiques pétrochimiques ou minérales et supporte une couche de polymère métallisé thermosoudable ou de Copolymère d'Éthylène/ Alcool Vinylique (EVOH) qui forme une barrière particulièrement étanche aux gaz. Il est également possible de mouler à chaud une couche étanche et assez épaisse de Polychlorure de Vinyle sur le tissu et de la métalliser par dépôt dynamique chimique.The fabric (8) is composed of plant threads or metal threads or petrochemical or mineral synthetic fibers and supports a layer of heat-weldable metallized polymer or Ethylene/Vinyl Alcohol Copolymer (EVOH) which forms a particularly gas-tight barrier. It is also possible to heat mold a waterproof and fairly thick layer of Polyvinyl Chloride onto the fabric and metallize it by dynamic chemical deposition.

Les nervures (2) et (3) sont composées, soit de plaques stratifiées en bois de type OSB, soit de bois brut qui ne nécessite pas de traitement chimique puisqu'il est mis sous vide pendant toute sa durée de vie.The ribs (2) and (3) are made up either of OSB-type laminated wood plates, or of raw wood which does not require chemical treatment since it is placed under vacuum throughout its lifespan.

Les nervures crénelées sont soutenues par une bande métallique ou synthétique de faible épaisseur, c'est le cerclage (1) dont la largeur est identique à celle des nervures. Ces appuis des nervures sur le cerclage (1) permettent d'écarter les deux panneaux (5) et (6) et de créer ainsi une couche centrale isolante. La longueur d'onde de l'ondulation du cerclage et la longueur du pas du crénelage des nervures est une fraction entière de la dimension des côtés des mailles carrées des treillis en bois (5) et (6). La hauteur des créneaux est au minimum de la moitié du pas des crénelages.The crenellated ribs are supported by a thin metal or synthetic strip, this is the strapping (1) whose width is identical to that of the ribs. These supports of the ribs on the strapping (1) make it possible to separate the two panels (5) and (6) and thus create a central insulating layer. The wavelength of the corrugation of the strapping and the pitch length of the ribs' crenellation is an integer fraction of the dimension of the sides of the square meshes of the wooden lattices (5) and (6). The height of the battlements is at least half the pitch of the battlements.

La couche composée d'un tissu et d'une membrane étanche pourrait être remplacée par un seul feuillard métallique. Mais les tissus en fibres synthétiques ou en fils métalliques de petits diamètres peuvent être tissés en très grande largeur, contrairement aux tôles en acier ou aux feuillards laminés en aluminium dont la largeur de fabrication est limitée.The layer composed of a fabric and a waterproof membrane could be replaced by a single metal strip. But fabrics made of synthetic fibers or small diameter metal wires can be woven in very wide widths, unlike steel sheets or rolled aluminum strips whose manufacturing width is limited.

Le système de chaînage des bâtiments composés d'une coque sous vide, proposé dans la présente demande, est composé d'une multitude de cerclages intégrés au volume sous vide. Ce sont les bandes métalliques ou synthétiques prises en sandwich entre les nervures à chant crénelé des panneaux. Ces cerclages étant sans fin, c'est-à-dire dont les deux bouts ou extrémités sont soudés ou sertis avant ou pendant leur pose, il est nécessaire que les panneaux stratifiés (7) permettent leur montage.The chaining system for buildings composed of a vacuum shell, proposed in the present application, is composed of a multitude of strappings integrated into the vacuum volume. These are the metal or synthetic strips sandwiched between the crenellated edge ribs of the panels. These strappings being endless, that is to say the two ends or ends of which are welded or crimped before or during their installation, it is necessary that the laminated panels (7) allow their assembly.

La multiplicité des cerclages parallèles entre eux, dans les trois plans géométriques orthogonaux des volumes, vont donc former une cage.The multiplicity of rings parallel to each other, in the three orthogonal geometric planes of the volumes, will therefore form a cage.

Pour assurer le montage de l'ensemble panneaux-cage d'un volume, il est nécessaire de diviser les parois ou panneaux stratifiés (7) en deux couches désolidarisées contrairement à la demande WO2021180373 . Une couche de panneaux externes (6) et une couche de panneaux internes (5) indépendantes entre elles. En assemblant couche par couche les panneaux de l'ensemble de panneaux stratifiés (7) qui forment un volume fermé, on obtient deux boîtes gigognes qui s'emboîtent les unes dans les autres.To ensure the assembly of the panel-cage assembly of a volume, it is necessary to divide the walls or laminated panels (7) into two separate layers contrary to the request WO2021180373 . A layer of external panels (6) and a layer of internal panels (5) independent of each other. By assembling layer by layer the panels of the set of laminated panels (7) which form a closed volume, we obtain two nesting boxes which fit into each other.

Les panneaux internes (5) sont composés d'une couche de nervures en bois croisées en treillis (2), dont la face interne est composée de crénelages croisés. Les panneaux externes (6) sont composés d'une couche de nervures en bois croisées en treillis (3), dont la face interne est composée de crénelages croisés. Les crénelages croisés des panneaux externes (6) s'encastrent dans les crénelages croisés complémentaires des panneaux internes (5) mais restent à distance les uns des autres. Les cerclages (1) sont insérés dans l'espace crénelé laissé vide entre ces crénelages croisés qui sont encastrés mutuellement. La cage de cerclage maintient en suspension la coque composée de panneaux internes (5) jointifs dans la coque composée de panneaux externes (6) jointifs.The internal panels (5) are composed of a layer of wooden ribs crossed in a latticework (2), the internal face of which is composed of cross aliasing. The external panels (6) are composed of a layer of wooden ribs crossed in a latticework (3), the internal face of which is composed of crossed crenellations. The cross crenellations of the external panels (6) fit into the complementary cross crenellations of the internal panels (5) but remain at a distance from each other. The strappings (1) are inserted into the crenellated space left empty between these crossed crenellations which are mutually embedded. The strapping cage keeps the shell composed of joined internal panels (5) in suspension in the shell composed of joined external panels (6).

Dans une ouverture, les bouts libres des cerclages sont fixés sur les cadres dormants (12) au lieu d'être reliés par soudage ou sertissage. Les cerclages ne seront donc pas en boucle fermée sans fin à l'emplacement des baies. Il est même possible d'insérer dans des dormants étanches les cerclages sans les interrompre, ils supporteront des parois fixes vitrées ou des petites fenêtres. Dans ce montage, les cerclages seront droits sans ondulation dans les dormants étanches.In an opening, the free ends of the straps are fixed on the frame frames (12) instead of being connected by welding or crimping. The strapping will therefore not be in an endless closed loop at the location of the bays. It is even possible to insert the strapping into waterproof frames without interrupting them; they will support fixed glass walls or small windows. In this assembly, the strapping will be straight without undulation in the waterproof frames.

La figure 17 fait la symbiose entre la demande WO2021180373 et la présente demande et montre une structure destinée à la confection d'ouvrages de portée de dix mètres et plus. Cerclages et armatures sont confondus afin de créer des ensembles croisés triangulés composés de couples de nervures armées (2) et (3) en miroir entretoisées par des colonnes (14) alternativement inclinées en sens inverse et formant ainsi des poutres croisées dites en treillis de très grande rigidité. Les chants internes des nervures (2) et (3) sont en contact avec les armatures (1) qui restent tendues. Les deux panneaux composés de nervures internes (2) entretoisés par les colonnes (14) forment le panneau central isolant (13).There Figure 17 creates a symbiosis between demand WO2021180373 and the present application shows a structure intended for the manufacture of works with a span of ten meters and more. Strappings and reinforcements are combined in order to create triangulated crossed assemblies composed of pairs of reinforced ribs (2) and (3) in mirror braced by columns (14) alternately inclined in the opposite direction and thus forming crossed beams called lattice beams of very great rigidity. The internal edges of the ribs (2) and (3) are in contact with the reinforcements (1) which remain taut. The two panels composed of internal ribs (2) braced by the columns (14) form the central insulating panel (13).

Montage d'une coque sous vide de bâtimentAssembly of a building vacuum shell

  • Placer un ou plusieurs panneaux externes (6) avec leur tissu collé (8), leur membrane étanche (9) et leur ossature parement (10) sur le sol ou sur des pilotis ou sur un bâtiment en dur existant. Plusieurs panneaux externes peuvent être assemblés par le boulonnage interne de leurs bordures adjacentes. Dans ce cas les bordures (4) seront droites.
    • Placer la cage de cerclage ouverte sur les crénelages du ou des panneaux externes (6), les bouts libres des cerclages (1) ne sont ni soudés ni sertis.
    • Placer un ou plusieurs panneaux internes (5) avec leur tissu collé (8) et leur membrane étanche (9) sur la cage de cerclage.
    Place one or more external panels (6) with their glued fabric (8), their waterproof membrane (9) and their facing frame (10) on the ground or on stilts or on an existing solid building. Several external panels can be assembled by internal bolting of their adjacent edges. In this case the edges (4) will be straight.
    • Place the open strapping cage on the crenellations of the external panel(s) (6), the free ends of the strappings (1) are neither welded nor crimped.
    • Place one or more internal panels (5) with their glued fabric (8) and their waterproof membrane (9) on the strapping cage.
  • L'assise est finie.
    • Terminer la boîte gigogne interne, telle que montrée figure 10, constituée des panneaux internes (5) du plancher, des murs et du plafond. Les panneaux internes seront assemblés par le boulonnage interne de leurs bordures communes.
    • Cercler cette boîte gigogne de la figure 10 avec la cage de cerclage.
    • Souder ou sertir les cerclages de la cage de cerclage.
    • Encastrer les panneaux externes (6) avec leur tissu collé (8) et leur membrane étanche (9) dans les crénelages et les cerclages. On obtient une nouvelle boîte telle que montrée figure 14.
    The seat is finished.
    • Complete internal trundle box as shown Figure 10 , made up of internal panels (5) of the floor, walls and ceiling. THE internal panels will be assembled by internal bolting of their common edges.
    • Circle this nesting box of the Figure 10 with the strapping cage.
    • Weld or crimp the strapping of the strapping cage.
    • Embed the external panels (6) with their glued fabric (8) and their waterproof membrane (9) into the crenellations and strapping. We get a new box as shown Figure 14 .
  • La coque est montée.The hull is assembled.

Avec un engin de manutention lourd il sera possible d'assembler une boîte composée de six panneaux internes et de la cercler. D'encastrer les six panneaux externes et de mettre sous vide. Cette solution de montage permet de sertir ou souder préalablement les cerclages en usine. Des cerclages fermés peuvent aussi être préparés en usine en enroulant sur un touret un fil de fibres de verre sur plusieurs centaines de tours.With heavy handling equipment it will be possible to assemble a box made up of six internal panels and strap it. To embed the six external panels and put in a vacuum. This assembly solution allows the strapping to be crimped or welded in advance in the factory. Closed strapping can also be prepared in the factory by winding a fiberglass wire on a reel for several hundred turns.

Il faut fermer provisoirement les fentes entre les panneaux avec un film plastique avant de mettre la coque sous vide. Avec la mise sous vide, les panneaux vont se rapprocher, s'encastrer et tendre les cerclages. Le film plastique permet de circonscrire le vide en obstruant provisoirement les interstices. Le film plastique sera récupéré après utilisation.The slots between the panels must be temporarily closed with plastic film before vacuum-packing the shell. With the vacuum, the panels will come together, fit together and tighten the straps. The plastic film helps to circumscribe the void by temporarily blocking the gaps. The plastic film will be recovered after use.

Les panneaux intérieurs de doublage et les plaques extérieures de bardage ainsi que les planchers et les plafonds seront montés sur des ossatures parement (10) porteuses. Les profilés de ces ossatures seront reliés par leurs extrémités dans les angles par des platines-équerres métalliques boulonnées. Ceinturant le volume, les ossatures extérieures (10) maintiennent en place les panneaux extérieurs (6) si un souffle brutal se produit en cas de rupture accidentelle du vide d'air. Les profilés de l'ossature parement (10) seront clipsés sur la membrane étanche (9).The interior lining panels and the exterior cladding plates as well as the floors and ceilings will be mounted on load-bearing facing frames (10). The profiles of these frames will be connected at their ends in the corners by bolted metal bracket plates. Surrounding the volume, the exterior frames (10) hold the exterior panels (6) in place if a sudden blast occurs in the event of accidental rupture of the air space. The profiles of the facing frame (10) will be clipped onto the waterproof membrane (9).

Remarque : La cage de cerclage peut encercler deux ou plusieurs boîtes internes gigognes, dans ce cas les appartements ou pièces du bâtiment seront séparés par des parois sous vide. Chaque boîte gigogne interne sera ceinturée par une cage de cerclage. Les ouvrages de grandes dimensions des figures 16 et 17 avec trois panneaux superposés (5), (6) et (13), auront deux cages de cerclage superposées ou cages gigognes.Note: The strapping cage can encircle two or more internal nested boxes, in this case the apartments or rooms of the building will be separated by vacuum walls. Each internal pull-out box will be surrounded by a strapping cage. The large-scale works of figures 16 And 17 with three superimposed panels (5), (6) and (13), will have two superimposed strapping cages or nesting cages.

Après la mise sous vide, les jonctions des panneaux étant également sous vide, la pression atmosphérique qui s'applique sur la coque s'exercera sur les bordures ou joints de jonction (4) des panneaux par l'intermédiaire des structures cellulaires porteuses des panneaux et de la coque. C'est la pression atmosphérique exercée sur la membrane extérieure étanche qui est transmise aux jonctions (4) des panneaux. Cette pression colle ainsi fermement les bordures des panneaux les unes contre les autres.After evacuation, the junctions of the panels also being under vacuum, the atmospheric pressure which applies to the shell will be exerted on the edges or junction joints (4) of the panels via the cellular structures supporting the panels and the hull. It is the atmospheric pressure exerted on the waterproof exterior membrane which is transmitted to the junctions (4) of the panels. This pressure firmly sticks the edges of the panels against each other.

Les cages de cerclage sécurisent les fixations sous vide des panneaux.The strapping cages secure the vacuum fixings of the panels.

Claims (15)

Cage de cerclage composée d'une multitude de cerclages (1) en boucle fermée sans fin ceinturant une coque sous vide de bâtiment,
caractérisée par l'ample forme ondulée ou crénelée circonférentielle desdits cerclages qui se tendent sous l'action de la mise en dépression de ladite coque de bâtiment et provoque ainsi le serrage centripète desdites cage de cerclage et coque sous vide.Strapping cage composed of a multitude of strappings (1) in an endless closed loop surrounding a vacuum shell of a building,
characterized by the ample circumferential wavy or crenellated shape of said strappings which are stretched under the action of the depression of said building shell and thus causes the centripetal tightening of said strapping cage and vacuum shell. Cage de cerclage suivant la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que ladite coque est composée d'un assemblage de panneaux stratifiés (7) comprenant deux structures superposées de forme aplatie (5) et (6), faites de nervures croisées en treillis (2) et (3) supportant deux couches externes de tissus (8) qui chacune supporte une membrane étanche métallisée (9).Strapping cage according to claim 1, characterized in that said shell is composed of an assembly of laminated panels (7) comprising two superimposed structures of flattened shape (5) and (6), made of crossed lattice ribs (2) and (3) supporting two outer layers of fabric (8) which each supports a metallized waterproof membrane (9). Cage de cerclage suivant la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que les structures croisées en treillis (5) et (6) sont composées de nervures en bois (2) et (3) dont les tranches ou chants internes sont crénelés, les créneaux (2) sont complémentaires des créneaux (3) et sont encastrés mutuellement mais en laissant un écartement entre les crénelages.Strapping cage according to claim 2, characterized in that the crossed lattice structures (5) and (6) are composed of wooden ribs (2) and (3) whose internal edges or edges are crenellated, the slots (2 ) are complementary to the crenellations (3) and are recessed mutually but leaving a spacing between the crenellations. Cage de cerclage suivant la revendication 2 ou 3 caractérisée en ce que les parois ou panneaux stratifiés (7) comportent une couche centrale isolante composée de cerclages (1) tendus sur lesquels les sommets des créneaux des nervures en bois (2) et (3) sont en appuis et permettent ainsi d'entretoiser les structures croisées en treillis (5) et (6).Strapping cage according to claim 2 or 3 characterized in that the laminated walls or panels (7) comprise a central insulating layer composed of strappings (1) stretched on which the tops of the slots of the wooden ribs (2) and (3) are supported and thus make it possible to brace the crossed lattice structures (5) and (6). Cage de cerclage suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 4, caractérisée en ce que le pas des crénelages des chants internes des nervures en bois (2) et (3) est égal à une fraction entière de la dimension des côtés des mailles carrées des treillis en bois (5) et (6) et la hauteur des créneaux est au minimum égale à la moitié de la longueur dudit pas.Strapping cage according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the pitch of the crenellations of the internal edges of the wooden ribs (2) and (3) is equal to a whole fraction of the dimension of the sides of the square meshes wooden trellises (5) and (6) and the height of the slots is at least equal to half the length of said pitch. Cage de cerclage suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisée en ce qu'elle est prise en sandwich entre la coque interne composée de panneaux internes (5) jointifs et la coque externe composée de panneaux externes (6) jointifs dudit bâtiment.Strapping cage according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it is sandwiched between the internal shell composed of contiguous internal panels (5) and the external shell composed of contiguous external panels (6) of said building . Cage de cerclage suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisée en ce qu'elle maintient en suspension la coque interne dans la coque externe, la boîte gigogne interne composée de panneaux internes (5) est donc suspendue.Strapping cage according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it keeps the internal shell suspended in the external shell, the internal pull-out box composed of internal panels (5) is therefore suspended. Cage de cerclage suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisée en ce qu'elle fait office d'armature de soutient des nervures en bois des treillis (5) et (6), crénelées intérieurement et encastrées mutuellement.Strapping cage according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it acts as a reinforcement supporting the wooden ribs of the lattices (5) and (6), internally crenellated and mutually embedded. Cage de cerclage suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisée en ce que le plan des ondulations ou du crénelage est le même que celui des boucles fermées, soudées ou serties sans fin desdits cerclages (1).Strapping cage according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the plane of the undulations or the crenellation is the same as that of the closed, welded or endless crimped loops of said strapping (1). Cage de cerclage suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisée en ce qu'elle est située exclusivement à l'intérieur de la coque sous vide de bâtiment, sans sortir du volume sous vide.Strapping cage according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it is located exclusively inside the vacuum shell of the building, without leaving the vacuum volume. Cage de cerclage suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisée en ce que la mise en dépression de la coque étanche de bâtiment provoque une pression s'exerçant sur les surfaces externes de ladite coque, cette pression étant la pression atmosphérique.Strapping cage according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the depression of the watertight building shell causes a pressure exerted on the external surfaces of said shell, this pressure being atmospheric pressure. Cage de cerclage suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisée en ce que la pression atmosphérique qui s'exerce sur la surface étanche externe de la coque sous vide de bâtiment et qui est transmise aux crénelages s'appuyant sur lesdits cerclages (1), provoque une tension sur ceux-ci.Strapping cage according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the atmospheric pressure which is exerted on the external sealed surface of the vacuum shell of the building and which is transmitted to the crenellations resting on said strappings ( 1), causes tension on them. Cage de cerclage suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 12, caractérisée en ce que la tension desdits cerclages (1) provoque un serrage centripète de ladite cage de cerclage et de la coque sous vide de bâtiment et comprime ainsi mutuellement les bordures de jonction (4) étanches des panneaux internes (5).Strapping cage according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the tension of said strappings (1) causes centripetal tightening of said strapping cage and of the vacuum shell of the building and thus mutually compresses the joining edges (4) waterproof internal panels (5). Cage de cerclage suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 13, caractérisée en ce que la multiplicité desdits cerclages (1) dans les trois plans orthogonaux de ladite coque sous vide, permet une sécurisation des liaisons des panneaux stratifiés (7) et assure le contreventement de la structure du bâtiment.Strapping cage according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the multiplicity of said strappings (1) in the three orthogonal planes of said vacuum shell, allows securing of the connections of the laminated panels (7) and ensures the bracing of the building structure. Cage de cerclage suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 14, caractérisée en ce que l'assemblage et le chaînage d'une pluralité de panneaux (7) par des cerclages multiples dans les trois plans orthogonaux, constitue une coque sous vide enveloppante dite en cocon, créant ainsi une structure de bâtiment complète.Strapping cage according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the assembly and chaining of a plurality of panels (7) by multiple strappings in the three orthogonal planes, constitutes an enveloping vacuum shell called cocooned, creating a complete building structure.
EP22161749.1A 2022-03-13 2022-03-13 Vacuum shell building strapping cage Pending EP4245937A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP22161749.1A EP4245937A1 (en) 2022-03-13 2022-03-13 Vacuum shell building strapping cage

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP22161749.1A EP4245937A1 (en) 2022-03-13 2022-03-13 Vacuum shell building strapping cage

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4245937A1 true EP4245937A1 (en) 2023-09-20

Family

ID=80738900

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP22161749.1A Pending EP4245937A1 (en) 2022-03-13 2022-03-13 Vacuum shell building strapping cage

Country Status (1)

Country Link
EP (1) EP4245937A1 (en)

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6037033A (en) * 1996-07-08 2000-03-14 Hunter; Rick Cole Insulation panel
WO2011050800A2 (en) 2009-10-30 2011-05-05 Viktor Schatz Tensile spacer arrangement, method for the production thereof, and use thereof
WO2015197960A1 (en) 2014-06-23 2015-12-30 Flores Jonathan Method for constructing a double-shell building, in particular for use as a dwelling, and dwelling obtained
EP3585952A1 (en) 2016-03-11 2020-01-01 Bruno Chavanne Semi-mobile self-standing building superstructure with self-insulating electricity-accumulating evacuated volume
EP3666987A1 (en) * 2018-12-11 2020-06-17 Bruno Chavanne Vacuum shell for self-standing, self-insulating, floating, antiseismic and semi-mobile building
EP3879040A1 (en) * 2020-03-08 2021-09-15 Bruno Chavanne Supporting insulation panel for dismontable vacuum shell

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6037033A (en) * 1996-07-08 2000-03-14 Hunter; Rick Cole Insulation panel
WO2011050800A2 (en) 2009-10-30 2011-05-05 Viktor Schatz Tensile spacer arrangement, method for the production thereof, and use thereof
WO2015197960A1 (en) 2014-06-23 2015-12-30 Flores Jonathan Method for constructing a double-shell building, in particular for use as a dwelling, and dwelling obtained
EP3585952A1 (en) 2016-03-11 2020-01-01 Bruno Chavanne Semi-mobile self-standing building superstructure with self-insulating electricity-accumulating evacuated volume
EP3666987A1 (en) * 2018-12-11 2020-06-17 Bruno Chavanne Vacuum shell for self-standing, self-insulating, floating, antiseismic and semi-mobile building
EP3879040A1 (en) * 2020-03-08 2021-09-15 Bruno Chavanne Supporting insulation panel for dismontable vacuum shell
WO2021180373A1 (en) 2020-03-08 2021-09-16 Bruno Chavanne Insulating support panel for removable vacuum shell

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0787865B1 (en) Box and system for insulation and ground drainage
EP3585952B1 (en) Self-standing and self-isolating building superstructure with vacuum shell of air, electricity accumulator
WO2012084874A9 (en) High-performance thin thermal-insulation device
EP3129562A1 (en) Thermal insulation assembly including piv panels and method of assembling such an assembly
FR2628179A1 (en) Twin-wall panel, insulated by depressurising interior by vacuum pump - has inter-wall stiffening by props or by open cell infilling, with air extracted through connections with adjacent panels by vacuum pump
WO2021180373A1 (en) Insulating support panel for removable vacuum shell
FR2847650A1 (en) Supple thermal insulation material for buildings has at least one layer covered with reflective film and having holes containing gas
WO2010086533A1 (en) Module for a modular construction system, and modular construction consisting of said modules
EP4245937A1 (en) Vacuum shell building strapping cage
WO2011089340A1 (en) Pre-manufactured device enabling creation of a construction element, and construction element including at least two such devices
EP2775062B1 (en) Device for thermally insulating a building wall from the outside and method for using such a device
FR2982522A1 (en) MULTILAYER INSULATING PRODUCT BAND, INSULATING COMPLEX BAND FORMED FROM SUCH BANDS OF MULTILAYER INSULATING PRODUCT
EP3666987A1 (en) Vacuum shell for self-standing, self-insulating, floating, antiseismic and semi-mobile building
FR2939817A1 (en) Prefabricated elementary block for constructing e.g. outer insulating wall of building, has connection elements connecting reinforcement structures to fix inner bearing wall and outer protective shell to maintain constant transversal gap
EP2423402A2 (en) Highly insulated prefabricated element
EP3553244B1 (en) Construction element and construction comprising such an element
EP2860320B1 (en) Thermally insulating floor including VIP panels, floor module and assembly kit
CA2213048A1 (en) Box and insulating system for ground drainage
CA2655169A1 (en) Prefabricated panel for building construction and the manufacturing process thereof
FR2549511A1 (en) Prefabricated insulating panels for industrialised constructions and applications.
FR2765305A1 (en) Multi-layer thermal insulation material
FR2690940A1 (en) Construction using base blocks - uses blocks made from slightly compressible, fireproofed expanded plastics having PVC tube guides fitting in blind holes
FR2554847A1 (en) Insulating wall without thermal bridges for buildings and assembly of load-bearing uprights for the construction of this wall
FR3093120A1 (en) Lightweight structure for the construction of building floors and method of implementation.
FR2612540A1 (en) Composite panel for a partition and method for its manufacture

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION HAS BEEN PUBLISHED

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN