EP4226735A1 - Élément silencieux pour fonctionnement à liaisons multiples - Google Patents
Élément silencieux pour fonctionnement à liaisons multiplesInfo
- Publication number
- EP4226735A1 EP4226735A1 EP21878557.4A EP21878557A EP4226735A1 EP 4226735 A1 EP4226735 A1 EP 4226735A1 EP 21878557 A EP21878557 A EP 21878557A EP 4226735 A1 EP4226735 A1 EP 4226735A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- quiet
- link
- mld
- tbtt
- beacon frame
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W76/00—Connection management
- H04W76/10—Connection setup
- H04W76/15—Setup of multiple wireless link connections
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W84/00—Network topologies
- H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
- H04W84/10—Small scale networks; Flat hierarchical networks
- H04W84/12—WLAN [Wireless Local Area Networks]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
- H04W88/08—Access point devices
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
Definitions
- This disclosure generally relates to systems and methods for wireless communications and, more particularly, to a quiet element for multi-link operation (MLO).
- MLO multi-link operation
- Wireless devices are becoming widely prevalent and are increasingly requesting access to wireless channels.
- the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) is developing one or more standards that utilize Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) in channel allocation.
- OFDMA Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access
- FIG. 1A is a network diagram illustrating an example network environment for a quiet element for multi-link operation (MLO), in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
- MLO multi-link operation
- FIG. IB depicts an illustrative schematic diagram for two multi-link devices (MLDs), in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 1C depicts an illustrative schematic diagram for an access point (AP) MLD and a non- AP MLD, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
- AP access point
- FIGs. 2-4 depict illustrative schematic diagrams for a quiet element for multi- link operation (MLO), in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
- MLO multi- link operation
- FIG. 5 illustrates a flow diagram of a process for an illustrative quiet element for MLO system, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 6 illustrates a functional diagram of an exemplary communication station that may be suitable for use as a user device, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 7 illustrates a block diagram of an example machine upon which any of one or more techniques (e.g., methods) may be performed, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a radio architecture in accordance with some examples.
- FIG. 9 illustrates an example front-end module circuitry for use in the radio architecture of FIG. 8, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 10 illustrates an example radio IC circuitry for use in the radio architecture of FIG. 8, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 11 illustrates an example baseband processing circuitry for use in the radio architecture of FIG. 8, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
- an access point (AP) of an AP multi-link device (MLD) includes a quiet element in the beacon/probe response it transmits, then all the APs of the AP MLD include a quiet element in the STA profile reporting this AP in a Multi-link element in the beacon and probe response frames they transmit.
- an AP can include a quiet element in its beacon.
- a quiet element in its beacon.
- Quiet element is the same as transmitted by the first AP at target beacon transmission time (TBTT), if it is included in beacon/probe response between TBTT Beacon Interval and TBTT.
- TBTT target beacon transmission time
- Timing parameters in the element uses the TBTT reference of the first AP, not the AP that sends the element on the other links
- Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to systems, methods, and devices for quiet element modifications for specific multi-link operation (MLO).
- MLO multi-link operation
- a quiet element for a specific multi-link operation (MLO) system may facilitate that if a quiet interval is happening on one link of an AP MLD, then the AP on another link of the AP MLD shall include a quiet element to describe the ongoing quiet interval.
- MLO multi-link operation
- a quiet element for MLO system may define everything with one quiet element by defining a way to indicate a target beacon transmission time (TBTT) reference that is not in the future but in the past.
- TBTT target beacon transmission time
- One way to do this is to use values above 127 in the quiet count field to indicate negative values: 128 is -1 TBTT, 129 is -2 TBTT, etc. This may force quiet elements to not use absolute values above 128, which means TBTT periods that cannot be higher than 128 Beacon Intervals.
- a quiet element for MLO system may facilitate that if a quiet interval is happening on one link of an AP MLD and is part of a periodic quiet element, then the AP on another link of the AP MLD shall include 2 quiet elements:
- FIG. 1A is a network diagram illustrating an example network environment of quiet element for MLO, according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure.
- Wireless network 100 may include one or more user devices 120 and one or more access points(s) (AP) 102, which may communicate in accordance with IEEE 802.11 communication standards.
- the user device(s) 120 may be mobile devices that are non-stationary (e.g., not having fixed locations) or may be stationary devices.
- the user devices 120 and the AP 102 may include one or more computer systems similar to that of the functional diagram of FIG. 6 and/or the example machine/system of FIG. 7.
- One or more illustrative user device(s) 120 and/or AP(s) 102 may be operable by one or more user(s) 110. It should be noted that any addressable unit may be a station (STA). An STA may take on multiple distinct characteristics, each of which shape its function. For example, a single addressable unit might simultaneously be a portable STA, a quality-of-service (QoS) STA, a dependent STA, and a hidden STA. The one or more illustrative user device(s) 120 and the AP(s) 102 may be STAs.
- STA station
- An STA may take on multiple distinct characteristics, each of which shape its function. For example, a single addressable unit might simultaneously be a portable STA, a quality-of-service (QoS) STA, a dependent STA, and a hidden STA.
- QoS quality-of-service
- the one or more illustrative user device(s) 120 and/or AP(s) 102 may operate as a personal basic service set (PBSS) control point/access point (PCP/AP).
- PBSS personal basic service set
- PCP/AP control point/access point
- the user device(s) 120 (e.g., 124, 126, or 128) and/or AP(s) 102 may include any suitable processor-driven device including, but not limited to, a mobile device or a non-mobile, e.g., a static device.
- user device(s) 120 and/or AP(s) 102 may include, a user equipment (UE), a station (STA), an access point (AP), a software enabled AP (SoftAP), a personal computer (PC), a wearable wireless device (e.g., bracelet, watch, glasses, ring, etc.), a desktop computer, a mobile computer, a laptop computer, an ultrabookTM computer, a notebook computer, a tablet computer, a server computer, a handheld computer, a handheld device, an internet of things (loT) device, a sensor device, a PDA device, a handheld PDA device, an on-board device, an off-board device, a hybrid device (e.g., combining cellular phone functionalities with PDA device functionalities), a consumer device, a vehicular device, a non- vehicular device, a mobile or portable device, a non- mobile or non-portable device, a mobile phone, a cellular telephone, a PCS device, a PDA device which
- the term “Internet of Things (loT) device” is used to refer to any object (e.g., an appliance, a sensor, etc.) that has an addressable interface (e.g., an Internet protocol (IP) address, a Bluetooth identifier (ID), a near-field communication (NFC) ID, etc.) and can transmit information to one or more other devices over a wired or wireless connection.
- An loT device may have a passive communication interface, such as a quick response (QR) code, a radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag, an NFC tag, or the like, or an active communication interface, such as a modem, a transceiver, a transmitter-receiver, or the like.
- QR quick response
- RFID radio-frequency identification
- An loT device can have a particular set of attributes (e.g., a device state or status, such as whether the loT device is on or off, open or closed, idle or active, available for task execution or busy, and so on, a cooling or heating function, an environmental monitoring or recording function, a light-emitting function, a sound-emitting function, etc.) that can be embedded in and/or controlled/monitored by a central processing unit (CPU), microprocessor, ASIC, or the like, and configured for connection to an loT network such as a local ad-hoc network or the Internet.
- a device state or status such as whether the loT device is on or off, open or closed, idle or active, available for task execution or busy, and so on, a cooling or heating function, an environmental monitoring or recording function, a light-emitting function, a sound-emitting function, etc.
- loT devices may include, but are not limited to, refrigerators, toasters, ovens, microwaves, freezers, dishwashers, dishes, hand tools, clothes washers, clothes dryers, furnaces, air conditioners, thermostats, televisions, light fixtures, vacuum cleaners, sprinklers, electricity meters, gas meters, etc., so long as the devices are equipped with an addressable communications interface for communicating with the loT network.
- loT devices may also include cell phones, desktop computers, laptop computers, tablet computers, personal digital assistants (PDAs), etc.
- the loT network may be comprised of a combination of “legacy” Internet-accessible devices (e.g., laptop or desktop computers, cell phones, etc.) in addition to devices that do not typically have Internet-connectivity (e.g., dishwashers, etc.).
- “legacy” Internet-accessible devices e.g., laptop or desktop computers, cell phones, etc.
- devices that do not typically have Internet-connectivity e.g., dishwashers, etc.
- the user device(s) 120 and/or AP(s) 102 may also include mesh stations in, for example, a mesh network, in accordance with one or more IEEE 802.11 standards and/or 3GPP standards.
- Any of the user device(s) 120 may be configured to communicate with each other via one or more communications networks 130 and/or 135 wirelessly or wired.
- the user device(s) 120 may also communicate peer-to-peer or directly with each other with or without the AP(s) 102.
- Any of the communications networks 130 and/or 135 may include, but not limited to, any one of a combination of different types of suitable communications networks such as, for example, broadcasting networks, cable networks, public networks (e.g., the Internet), private networks, wireless networks, cellular networks, or any other suitable private and/or public networks.
- any of the communications networks 130 and/or 135 may have any suitable communication range associated therewith and may include, for example, global networks (e.g., the Internet), metropolitan area networks (MANs), wide area networks (WANs), local area networks (LANs), or personal area networks (PANs).
- any of the communications networks 130 and/or 135 may include any type of medium over which network traffic may be carried including, but not limited to, coaxial cable, twisted-pair wire, optical fiber, a hybrid fiber coaxial (HFC) medium, microwave terrestrial transceivers, radio frequency communication mediums, white space communication mediums, ultra-high frequency communication mediums, satellite communication mediums, or any combination thereof.
- coaxial cable twisted-pair wire
- optical fiber a hybrid fiber coaxial (HFC) medium
- microwave terrestrial transceivers microwave terrestrial transceivers
- radio frequency communication mediums white space communication mediums
- ultra-high frequency communication mediums satellite communication mediums, or any combination thereof.
- Any of the user device(s) 120 (e.g., user devices 124, 126, 128) and AP(s) 102 may include one or more communications antennas.
- the one or more communications antennas may be any suitable type of antennas corresponding to the communications protocols used by the user device(s) 120 (e.g., user devices 124, 126 and 128), and AP(s) 102.
- suitable communications antennas include Wi-Fi antennas, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 family of standards compatible antennas, directional antennas, non-directional antennas, dipole antennas, folded dipole antennas, patch antennas, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antennas, omnidirectional antennas, quasi- omnidirectional antennas, or the like.
- the one or more communications antennas may be communicatively coupled to a radio component to transmit and/or receive signals, such as communications signals to and/or from the user devices 120 and/or AP(s) 102.
- Any of the user device(s) 120 may be configured to perform directional transmission and/or directional reception in conjunction with wirelessly communicating in a wireless network.
- Any of the user device(s) 120 e.g., user devices 124, 126, 128), and AP(s) 102 may be configured to perform such directional transmission and/or reception using a set of multiple antenna arrays (e.g., directional multi-gigabit (DMG) antenna arrays or the like).
- DMG directional multi-gigabit
- Any of the user device(s) 120 (e.g., user devices 124, 126, 128), and AP(s) 102 may be configured to perform any given directional transmission towards one or more defined transmit sectors. Any of the user device(s) 120 (e.g., user devices 124, 126, 128), and AP(s) 102 may be configured to perform any given directional reception from one or more defined receive sectors.
- MIMO beamforming in a wireless network may be accomplished using RF beamforming and/or digital beamforming.
- user devices 120 and/or AP(s) 102 may be configured to use all or a subset of its one or more communications antennas to perform MIMO beamforming.
- any of the user devices 120 may include any suitable radio and/or transceiver for transmitting and/or receiving radio frequency (RF) signals in the bandwidth and/or channels corresponding to the communications protocols utilized by any of the user device(s) 120 and AP(s) 102 to communicate with each other.
- the radio components may include hardware and/or software to modulate and/or demodulate communications signals according to pre-established transmission protocols.
- the radio components may further have hardware and/or software instructions to communicate via one or more Wi-Fi and/or Wi-Fi direct protocols, as standardized by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standards.
- the radio component in cooperation with the communications antennas, may be configured to communicate via 2.4 GHz channels (e.g., 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n, 802.11ax), 5 GHz channels (e.g., 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11ax), or 60 GHZ channels (e.g., 802.11ad, 802.11ay). 800 MHz channels (e.g., 802.11ah).
- the communications antennas may operate at 28 GHz and 40 GHz. It should be understood that this list of communication channels in accordance with certain 802.11 standards is only a partial list and that other 802.11 standards may be used (e.g., Next Generation Wi-Fi, or other standards).
- non-Wi-Fi protocols may be used for communications between devices, such as Bluetooth, dedicated short-range communication (DSRC), Ultra-High Frequency (UHF) (e.g., IEEE 802.1 laf, IEEE 802.22), white band frequency (e.g., white spaces), or other packetized radio communications.
- the radio component may include any known receiver and baseband suitable for communicating via the communications protocols.
- the radio component may further include a low noise amplifier (LNA), additional signal amplifiers, an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter, one or more buffers, and digital baseband.
- LNA low noise amplifier
- A/D analog-to-digital
- a user device 120 may be in communication with one or more APs 102.
- one or more APs 102 may implement a quiet element for MLO 142 with one or more user devices 120.
- the one or more APs 102 may be multi-link devices (MLDs) and the one or more user device 120 may be non-AP MLDs.
- MLDs multi-link devices
- Each of the one or more APs 102 may comprise a plurality of individual APs (e.g., API, AP2, ..., APn, where n is an integer) and each of the one or more user devices 120 may comprise a plurality of individual STAs (e.g., STA1, STA2, ..., STAn).
- the AP MLDs and the non-AP MLDs may set up one or more links (e.g., Linkl, Link2, ..., Linkn) between each of the individual APs and STAs.
- links e.g., Linkl, Link2, ..., Linkn
- FIG. IB depicts an illustrative schematic diagram for two multi-link devices (MLDs), in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
- each MLD includes multiple STAs that can set up links with each other.
- An MLD may be a logical entity that contains one or more STAs.
- the MLD has one MAC data service interface and primitives to the logical link control (LLC) and a single address associated with the interface, which can be used to communicate on the distribution system medium (DSM).
- LLC logical link control
- DSM distribution system medium
- the MLD 1 and MLD 2 may be two separate physical devices, where each one comprises a number of virtual or logical devices.
- MLD 1 may comprise three STAs, STA1.1, STA1.2, and STA1.3 and MLD 2 that may comprise three STAs, STA2.1, STA2.2, and STA2.3.
- the example shows that logical device STA1.1 is communicating with logical device STA2.1 over link 1, that logical device STA1.2 is communicating with logical device STA2.2 over link 2, and that device STA1.3 is communicating with logical device STA2.3 over link 3.
- FIG. 1C depicts an illustrative schematic diagram for an AP MLD and a non-AP MLD, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
- the AP MLD may include APs (e.g., API, AP2, and AP3) on one side, and the non-AP MLD may include non-AP STAs (STA1, STA2, and STA3) on the other side.
- AP MLD is a multi-link logical entity, where each STA within the MLD is an extremely high throughput (EHT) AP.
- EHT extremely high throughput
- Non-AP MLD is a multi-link logical entity, where each STA within the multi-link logical entity is a non-AP EHT STA.
- this framework is a natural extension from the one link operation between two STAs, which are AP and non-AP STA under the infrastructure framework (e.g., when an AP is used as a medium for communication between STAs).
- the AP MLD and non-AP MLD may be two separate physical devices, where each one comprises a number of virtual or logical devices.
- the AP MLD may comprise three APs, API operating on 2.4 GHz, AP2 operating on 5 GHz, and AP3 operating on 6 GHz.
- the non-AP MLD may comprise three non-AP STAs, STA1 communicating with API on link 1, STA2 communicating with AP2 on link 2, and STA3 communicating with AP3 on link 3. It should be understood that these are only examples and that more or fewer entities may be included in an MLD.
- the AP MLD is shown in FIG. 1C to have access to a distribution system (DS), which is a system used to interconnect a set of basic service sets (BSSs) to create an extended service set (ESS).
- DS distribution system
- BSSs basic service sets
- ESS extended service set
- the AP MLD is also shown in FIG. 1C to have access to a distribution system medium (DSM), which is the medium used by a DS for BSS interconnections.
- DSM distribution system medium
- DS and DSM allow the AP MLD to communicate with different BSSs. It should be understood that although the example shows three logical entities within the AP MLD and the three logical entities within the non-AP MLD, this is merely for illustration purposes and that other numbers of logical entities with each of the AP MLD and non-AP MLD may be envisioned.
- FIG. 2 depicts an illustrative schematic diagram for a quiet element for MLO, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
- the AP on the other link shall include the same quiet element. This issue is: during an ongoing quiet period, in the event that it lasts long enough that it overlaps with a beacon or probe response that is sent on the other link, what is the rule for the indication of the quiet element, and how to signal it, as the quiet element is meant to indicate a quiet period in the future (a quiet offset after the next beacon as indicated in FIG. 2.
- a target beacon transmission time may be set or established on the communication link that indicates the transmission time of a trigger frame (e.g., trigger frames 203, 205).
- Beacon interval is the time interval between beacon transmissions.
- the time at which a device (e.g., AP, station) must send a beacon is known as target beacon transmission time (TBTT).
- Beacons are sent periodically at the TBTT.
- Beacon interval field represents the number of time units (TU) between TBTTs. Beacon interval is a configurable parameter in the AP.
- the AP will include in the beacon frame (e.g., beacon frame 203) a quiet element that points to the beginning of the quiet duration based on a quiet offset.
- the quiet element may comprise a quiet countdown value to indicate that in 1 TBTT later, a quiet offset from the time of the beacon frame 205, the quiet period will start. Knowing the quiet duration will indicate when the quiet period will end.
- the quiet countdown value may be any value that is set to indicate the count of the TBTTs in order to reach the beacon frame before the quiet period.
- FIG. 3 depicts an illustrative schematic diagram for quiet element for MLO, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
- the quiet element defines an interval during which no transmission occurs in the current channel. This interval might be used to assist in making channel measurements without interference from other STA’s in the BSS.
- the format of the quiet element is as follows:
- the quiet element is optionally present in beacon frames and probe response frames.
- the use of quiet elements is to provide information about quieting channels (e.g., during testing) the element ID and link fields are defined to indicate the quiet element and its length.
- the quiet count field is set to the number of target beacon transmission time (TBTT) until the beacon interval during which the next quiet interval starts.
- the quiet duration field is set to the duration of the quiet interval, expressed in time units (TUs).
- the quiet offset field is set to the offset of the start of the quiet interval from the TBTT specified by the quiet count field, expressed in Tus. The value of the quiet offset field is less than one beacon interval.
- a quiet element for MLO system may define everything with one quiet element by defining a way to indicate a TBTT reference that is not in the future but the past.
- One way to do this is to use values above 127 in the quiet count field to indicate negative values: 128 is -1 TBTT, 129 is -2 TBTT, etc.
- values between 1 and 127 would mean from next TBTT to next 127 th TBTT, and values 128 to 255 would mean from previous TBTT to previous 127 th TBTT. This allows transmitting only one quiet element.
- the quiet count field (countdown value)
- these are only for illustration purposes and that other values and implementations indicate whether the quiet period started from a previous TBTT or a future TBTT may be envisioned.
- certain values may be assigned to the quiet countdown to differentiate between previous TBTT and future TBTT. It is understood that the above descriptions are for purposes of illustration and are not meant to be limiting.
- FIG. 4 depicts an illustrative schematic diagram for a quiet element for MLO, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
- a quiet element for MLO system may use the reserved value 0 of the quiet count field, to indicate that there is an ongoing quiet period described by this element.
- the quiet count field is set to 0, there will be no beacons transmitted before the start of the next quiet period, or the next quiet Period is ongoing, and in such case, the TBTT which is implicitly indicated by the quiet count field is the TBTT of the last transmitted beacon.
- the quiet offset field is set to the offset of the start of the quiet interval from the TBTT specified by the quiet count field, which mean the TBTT at which the last beacon frame has been scheduled for transmission (or should have been scheduled for transmission in case the quiet interval overlaps with the TBTT - in which case there are no beacons that are transmitted at the TBTT) by the AP, and the quiet duration is set to the remaining duration of the quiet element assuming the reference as the TBTT at which the beacon was last transmitted (or was supposed to be transmitted).
- the AP will include another quiet element that will describe the periodic quiet intervals, but starting from the quiet interval following the ongoing quiet interval. This also allows indicating precisely the end of the quiet period.
- FIG. 5 illustrates a flow diagram of illustrative process 500 for a quiet element for MLO system, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
- a device may establish a multi-link operation with a first multi-link device (MLD), wherein the AP MLD comprises a plurality of APs within the AP MLD.
- MLD multi-link device
- the device may set up a plurality of links between the AP MLD and the first MLD, wherein the multi-link operation connects on each link of the plurality of links a respective AP of the AP MLD with a respective device of the first MLD.
- the device may establish a target beacon transmission time (TBTT) on the first link.
- TBTT target beacon transmission time
- the TBTT may be shared with the second AP using a neighboring report frame.
- the device may allocate a first quiet period on the first link.
- the device may share the TBTT with a second AP of the AP MLD.
- the device may send a first beacon frame from the second AP on a second link, wherein the first beacon frame comprises a first quiet element indicative of the first quiet period on the first link based on the TBTT.
- the first quiet element comprises at least one of a quiet interval, a quiet duration, and a quiet period offset.
- the first quiet element comprises a first quiet countdown value indicative of information associated with the first quiet period.
- the first quiet countdown value is in a range of 1 to 127 to indicate a future multiple of TBTT count on the first link.
- the first quiet element points to a future beacon frame on the first link, wherein the future beacon frame indicates a quiet period offset.
- the device may send a second beacon frame from the second AP on the second link, wherein the second beacon frame comprises a second quiet element, wherein the second quiet element points to a previous beacon frame on the first link based on the TBTT of the first link.
- the second quiet element comprises a second quiet countdown value that is in a range of 128 to 255 to indicate a previous multiple of TBTT count on the first link.
- FIG. 6 shows a functional diagram of an exemplary communication station 600, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 6 illustrates a functional block diagram of a communication station that may be suitable for use as an AP 102 (FIG. 1 A) or a user device 120 (FIG. 1 A) in accordance with some embodiments.
- the communication station 600 may also be suitable for use as a handheld device, a mobile device, a cellular telephone, a smartphone, a tablet, a netbook, a wireless terminal, a laptop computer, a wearable computer device, a femtocell, a high data rate (HDR) subscriber station, an access point, an access terminal, or other personal communication system (PCS) device.
- HDR high data rate
- the communication station 600 may include communications circuitry 602 and a transceiver 610 for transmitting and receiving signals to and from other communication stations using one or more antennas 601.
- the communications circuitry 602 may include circuitry that can operate the physical layer (PHY) communications and/or medium access control (MAC) communications for controlling access to the wireless medium, and/or any other communications layers for transmitting and receiving signals.
- the communication station 600 may also include processing circuitry 606 and memory 608 arranged to perform the operations described herein. In some embodiments, the communications circuitry 602 and the processing circuitry 606 may be configured to perform operations detailed in the above figures, diagrams, and flows.
- the communications circuitry 602 may be arranged to contend for a wireless medium and configure frames or packets for communicating over the wireless medium.
- the communications circuitry 602 may be arranged to transmit and receive signals.
- the communications circuitry 602 may also include circuitry for modulation/demodulation, upconversion/downconversion, filtering, amplification, etc.
- the processing circuitry 606 of the communication station 600 may include one or more processors.
- two or more antennas 601 may be coupled to the communications circuitry 602 arranged for sending and receiving signals.
- the memory 608 may store information for configuring the processing circuitry 606 to perform operations for configuring and transmitting message frames and performing the various operations described herein.
- the memory 608 may include any type of memory, including non-transitory memory, for storing information in a form readable by a machine (e.g., a computer).
- the memory 608 may include a computer-readable storage device, read-only memory (ROM), random-access memory (RAM), magnetic disk storage media, optical storage media, flash-memory devices and other storage devices and media.
- the communication station 600 may be part of a portable wireless communication device, such as a personal digital assistant (PDA), a laptop or portable computer with wireless communication capability, a web tablet, a wireless telephone, a smartphone, a wireless headset, a pager, an instant messaging device, a digital camera, an access point, a television, a medical device (e.g., a heart rate monitor, a blood pressure monitor, etc.), a wearable computer device, or another device that may receive and/or transmit information wirelessly.
- PDA personal digital assistant
- laptop or portable computer with wireless communication capability such as a personal digital assistant (PDA), a laptop or portable computer with wireless communication capability, a web tablet, a wireless telephone, a smartphone, a wireless headset, a pager, an instant messaging device, a digital camera, an access point, a television, a medical device (e.g., a heart rate monitor, a blood pressure monitor, etc.), a wearable computer device, or another device that may receive and/or transmit information wirelessly.
- the communication station 600 may include one or more antennas 601.
- the antennas 601 may include one or more directional or omnidirectional antennas, including, for example, dipole antennas, monopole antennas, patch antennas, loop antennas, microstrip antennas, or other types of antennas suitable for transmission of RF signals.
- a single antenna with multiple apertures may be used instead of two or more antennas.
- each aperture may be considered a separate antenna.
- MIMO multiple-input multiple-output
- the antennas may be effectively separated for spatial diversity and the different channel characteristics that may result between each of the antennas and the antennas of a transmitting station.
- the communication station 600 may include one or more of a keyboard, a display, a non-volatile memory port, multiple antennas, a graphics processor, an application processor, speakers, and other mobile device elements.
- the display may be an LCD screen including a touch screen.
- the communication station 600 is illustrated as having several separate functional elements, two or more of the functional elements may be combined and may be implemented by combinations of software-configured elements, such as processing elements including digital signal processors (DSPs), and/or other hardware elements.
- processing elements including digital signal processors (DSPs), and/or other hardware elements.
- DSPs digital signal processors
- some elements may include one or more microprocessors, DSPs, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), radio-frequency integrated circuits (RFICs) and combinations of various hardware and logic circuitry for performing at least the functions described herein.
- the functional elements of the communication station 600 may refer to one or more processes operating on one or more processing elements.
- Certain embodiments may be implemented in one or a combination of hardware, firmware, and software. Other embodiments may also be implemented as instructions stored on a computer- readable storage device, which may be read and executed by at least one processor to perform the operations described herein.
- a computer-readable storage device may include any non-transitory memory mechanism for storing information in a form readable by a machine (e.g., a computer).
- a computer-readable storage device may include read-only memory (ROM), randomaccess memory (RAM), magnetic disk storage media, optical storage media, flash-memory devices, and other storage devices and media.
- the communication station 600 may include one or more processors and may be configured with instructions stored on a computer-readable storage device.
- FIG. 7 illustrates a block diagram of an example of a machine 700 or system upon which any one or more of the techniques (e.g., methodologies) discussed herein may be performed.
- the machine 700 may operate as a standalone device or may be connected (e.g., networked) to other machines.
- the machine 700 may operate in the capacity of a server machine, a client machine, or both in server-client network environments.
- the machine 700 may act as a peer machine in peer-to- peer (P2P) (or other distributed) network environments.
- P2P peer-to- peer
- the machine 700 may be a personal computer (PC), a tablet PC, a set-top box (STB), a personal digital assistant (PDA), a mobile telephone, a wearable computer device, a web appliance, a network router, a switch or bridge, or any machine capable of executing instructions (sequential or otherwise) that specify actions to be taken by that machine, such as a base station.
- PC personal computer
- PDA personal digital assistant
- STB set-top box
- mobile telephone a wearable computer device
- web appliance e.g., a web appliance
- network router e.g., a router, or bridge
- switch or bridge any machine capable of executing instructions (sequential or otherwise) that specify actions to be taken by that machine, such as a base station.
- machine shall also be taken to include any collection of machines that individually or jointly execute a set (or multiple sets) of instructions to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein, such as cloud computing, software as a service (SaaS), or other computer
- Examples, as described herein, may include or may operate on logic or a number of components, modules, or mechanisms.
- Modules are tangible entities (e.g., hardware) capable of performing specified operations when operating.
- a module includes hardware.
- the hardware may be specifically configured to carry out a specific operation (e.g., hardwired).
- the hardware may include configurable execution units (e.g., transistors, circuits, etc.) and a computer readable medium containing instructions where the instructions configure the execution units to carry out a specific operation when in operation. The configuring may occur under the direction of the executions units or a loading mechanism. Accordingly, the execution units are communicatively coupled to the computer-readable medium when the device is operating.
- the execution units may be a member of more than one module.
- the execution units may be configured by a first set of instructions to implement a first module at one point in time and reconfigured by a second set of instructions to implement a second module at a second point in time.
- the machine 700 may include a hardware processor 702 (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a hardware processor core, or any combination thereof), a main memory 704 and a static memory 706, some or all of which may communicate with each other via an interlink (e.g., bus) 708.
- a hardware processor 702 e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a hardware processor core, or any combination thereof
- main memory 704 e.g., main memory
- static memory 706 some or all of which may communicate with each other via an interlink (e.g., bus) 708.
- the machine 700 may further include a power management device 732, a graphics display device 710, an alphanumeric input device 712 (e.g., a keyboard), and a user interface (UI) navigation device 714 (e.g., a mouse).
- a power management device 732 e.g., a graphics display device 710
- an alphanumeric input device 712 e.g., a keyboard
- UI navigation device 714 e.g., a mouse
- the graphics display device 710, alphanumeric input device 712, and UI navigation device 714 may be a touch screen display.
- the machine 700 may additionally include a storage device (i.e., drive unit) 716, a signal generation device 718 (e.g., a speaker), a quiet element for MLO device 719, a network interface device/transceiver 720 coupled to antenna(s) 730, and one or more sensors 728, such as a global positioning system (GPS) sensor, a compass, an accelerometer, or other sensor.
- a storage device i.e., drive unit
- a signal generation device 718 e.g., a speaker
- a quiet element for MLO device 719 e.g., a speaker
- a network interface device/transceiver 720 coupled to antenna(s) 730
- sensors 728 such as a global positioning system (GPS) sensor, a compass, an accelerometer, or other sensor.
- GPS global positioning system
- the machine 700 may include an output controller 734, such as a serial (e.g., universal serial bus (USB), parallel, or other wired or wireless (e.g., infrared (IR), near field communication (NFC), etc.) connection to communicate with or control one or more peripheral devices (e.g., a printer, a card reader, etc.)).
- a serial e.g., universal serial bus (USB), parallel, or other wired or wireless (e.g., infrared (IR), near field communication (NFC), etc.) connection to communicate with or control one or more peripheral devices (e.g., a printer, a card reader, etc.)).
- IR infrared
- NFC near field communication
- peripheral devices e.g., a printer, a card reader, etc.
- the operations in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure may be carried out by a baseband processor.
- the baseband processor may be configured to generate corresponding baseband signals.
- the baseband processor may further include physical layer (PHY) and medium access control layer (MAC) circuitry, and may further interface with the hardware processor 702 for generation and processing of the baseband signals and for controlling operations of the main memory 704, the storage device 716, and/or the quiet element for MLO device 719.
- the baseband processor may be provided on a single radio card, a single chip, or an integrated circuit (IC).
- the storage device 716 may include a machine readable medium 722 on which is stored one or more sets of data structures or instructions 724 (e.g., software) embodying or utilized by any one or more of the techniques or fimctions described herein.
- the instructions 724 may also reside, completely or at least partially, within the main memory 704, within the static memory 706, or within the hardware processor 702 during execution thereof by the machine 700.
- one or any combination of the hardware processor 702, the main memory 704, the static memory 706, or the storage device 716 may constitute machine-readable media.
- the quiet element for MLO device 719 may carry out or perform any of the operations and processes (e.g., process 500) described and shown above.
- machine-readable medium 722 is illustrated as a single medium, the term “machine-readable medium” may include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database, and/or associated caches and servers) configured to store the one or more instructions 724.
- Various embodiments may be implemented fully or partially in software and/or firmware.
- This software and/or firmware may take the form of instructions contained in or on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. Those instructions may then be read and executed by one or more processors to enable performance of the operations described herein.
- the instructions may be in any suitable form, such as but not limited to source code, compiled code, interpreted code, executable code, static code, dynamic code, and the like.
- Such a computer-readable medium may include any tangible non-transitory medium for storing information in a form readable by one or more computers, such as but not limited to read only memory (ROM); random access memory (RAM); magnetic disk storage media; optical storage media; a flash memory, etc.
- machine-readable medium may include any medium that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying instructions for execution by the machine 700 and that cause the machine 700 to perform any one or more of the techniques of the present disclosure, or that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying data structures used by or associated with such instructions.
- Nonlimiting machine-readable medium examples may include solid-state memories and optical and magnetic media.
- a massed machine-readable medium includes a machine-readable medium with a plurality of particles having resting mass.
- massed machine- readable media may include non-volatile memory, such as semiconductor memory devices (e.g., electrically programmable read-only memory (EPROM), or electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM)) and flash memory devices; magnetic disks, such as internal hard disks and removable disks; magneto-optical disks; and CD-ROM and DVD- ROM disks.
- semiconductor memory devices e.g., electrically programmable read-only memory (EPROM), or electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM)
- EPROM electrically programmable read-only memory
- EEPROM electrically erasable programmable read-only memory
- the instructions 724 may further be transmitted or received over a communications network 726 using a transmission medium via the network interface device/transceiver 720 utilizing any one of a number of transfer protocols (e.g., frame relay, internet protocol (IP), transmission control protocol (TCP), user datagram protocol (UDP), hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP), etc.).
- transfer protocols e.g., frame relay, internet protocol (IP), transmission control protocol (TCP), user datagram protocol (UDP), hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP), etc.
- Example communications networks may include a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), a packet data network (e.g., the Internet), mobile telephone networks (e.g., cellular networks), plain old telephone (POTS) networks, wireless data networks (e.g., Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 family of standards known as WiFi®, IEEE 802.16 family of standards known as WiMax®), IEEE 802.15.4 family of standards, and peer-to-peer (P2P) networks, among others.
- the network interface device/transceiver 720 may include one or more physical jacks (e.g., Ethernet, coaxial, or phone jacks) or one or more antennas to connect to the communications network 726.
- the network interface device/transceiver 720 may include a plurality of antennas to wirelessly communicate using at least one of single-input multiple-output (SIMO), multiple-input multipleoutput (MIMO), or multiple-input single-output (MISO) techniques.
- SIMO single-input multiple-output
- MIMO multiple-input multipleoutput
- MISO multiple-input single-output
- transmission medium shall be taken to include any intangible medium that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying instructions for execution by the machine 700 and includes digital or analog communications signals or other intangible media to facilitate communication of such software.
- FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a radio architecture 105A, 105B in accordance with some embodiments that may be implemented in any one of the example APs 102 and/or the example user devices 120 of FIG. 1.
- Radio architecture 105 A, 105B may include radio front-end module (FEM) circuitry 804a-b, radio IC circuitry 806a-b and baseband processing circuitry 808a-b.
- Radio architecture 105 A, 105B as shown includes both Wireless Focal Area Network (WEAN) functionality and Bluetooth (BT) functionality although embodiments are not so limited.
- WEAN Wireless Focal Area Network
- BT Bluetooth
- “WLAN” and “Wi-Fi” are used interchangeably.
- the FEM circuitry 804a-b may include a WLAN or Wi-Fi FEM circuitry 804a and a Bluetooth (BT) FEM circuitry 804b.
- the WLAN FEM circuitry 804a may include a receive signal path comprising circuitry configured to operate on WLAN RF signals received from one or more antennas 801, to amplify the received signals and to provide the amplified versions of the received signals to the WLAN radio IC circuitry 806a for further processing.
- the BT FEM circuitry 804b may include a receive signal path which may include circuitry configured to operate on BT RF signals received from one or more antennas 801, to amplify the received signals and to provide the amplified versions of the received signals to the BT radio IC circuitry 806b for further processing.
- FEM circuitry 804a may also include a transmit signal path which may include circuitry configured to amplify WLAN signals provided by the radio IC circuitry 806a for wireless transmission by one or more of the antennas 801.
- FEM circuitry 804b may also include a transmit signal path which may include circuitry configured to amplify BT signals provided by the radio IC circuitry 806b for wireless transmission by the one or more antennas.
- FIG. 8 In the embodiment of FIG.
- FEM 804a and FEM 804b are shown as being distinct from one another, embodiments are not so limited, and include within their scope the use of an FEM (not shown) that includes a transmit path and/or a receive path for both WLAN and BT signals, or the use of one or more FEM circuitries where at least some of the FEM circuitries share transmit and/or receive signal paths for both WLAN and BT signals.
- Radio IC circuitry 806a-b as shown may include WLAN radio IC circuitry 806a and BT radio IC circuitry 806b.
- the WLAN radio IC circuitry 806a may include a receive signal path which may include circuitry to down-convert WLAN RF signals received from the FEM circuitry 804a and provide baseband signals to WLAN baseband processing circuitry 808a.
- BT radio IC circuitry 806b may in turn include a receive signal path which may include circuitry to downconvert BT RF signals received from the FEM circuitry 804b and provide baseband signals to BT baseband processing circuitry 808b.
- WLAN radio IC circuitry 806a may also include a transmit signal path which may include circuitry to up-convert WLAN baseband signals provided by the WLAN baseband processing circuitry 808a and provide WLAN RF output signals to the FEM circuitry 804a for subsequent wireless transmission by the one or more antennas 801.
- BT radio IC circuitry 806b may also include a transmit signal path which may include circuitry to up-convert BT baseband signals provided by the BT baseband processing circuitry 808b and provide BT RF output signals to the FEM circuitry 804b for subsequent wireless transmission by the one or more antennas 801.
- radio IC circuitries 806a and 806b are shown as being distinct from one another, embodiments are not so limited, and include within their scope the use of a radio IC circuitry (not shown) that includes a transmit signal path and/or a receive signal path for both WLAN and BT signals, or the use of one or more radio IC circuitries where at least some of the radio IC circuitries share transmit and/or receive signal paths for both WLAN and BT signals.
- Baseband processing circuity 808a-b may include a WLAN baseband processing circuitry 808a and a BT baseband processing circuitry 808b.
- the WLAN baseband processing circuitry 808a may include a memory, such as, for example, a set of RAM arrays in a Fast Fourier Transform or Inverse Fast Fourier Transform block (not shown) of the WLAN baseband processing circuitry 808a.
- Each of the WLAN baseband circuitry 808a and the BT baseband circuitry 808b may further include one or more processors and control logic to process the signals received from the corresponding WLAN or BT receive signal path of the radio IC circuitry 806a-b, and to also generate corresponding WLAN or BT baseband signals for the transmit signal path of the radio IC circuitry 806a-b.
- Each of the baseband processing circuitries 808a and 808b may further include physical layer (PHY) and medium access control layer (MAC) circuitry, and may further interface with a device for generation and processing of the baseband signals and for controlling operations of the radio IC circuitry 806a-b.
- PHY physical layer
- MAC medium access control layer
- WLAN-BT coexistence circuitry 813 may include logic providing an interface between the WLAN baseband circuitry 808a and the BT baseband circuitry 808b to enable use cases requiring WLAN and BT coexistence.
- a switch 803 may be provided between the WLAN FEM circuitry 804a and the BT FEM circuitry 804b to allow switching between the WLAN and BT radios according to application needs.
- antennas 801 are depicted as being respectively connected to the WLAN FEM circuitry 804a and the BT FEM circuitry 804b, embodiments include within their scope the sharing of one or more antennas as between the WLAN and BT FEMs, or the provision of more than one antenna connected to each of FEM 804a or 804b.
- the front-end module circuitry 804a-b, the radio IC circuitry 806a- b, and baseband processing circuitry 808a-b may be provided on a single radio card, such as wireless radio card 802.
- the one or more antennas 801, the FEM circuitry 804a-b and the radio IC circuitry 806a-b may be provided on a single radio card.
- the radio IC circuitry 806a-b and the baseband processing circuitry 808a-b may be provided on a single chip or integrated circuit (IC), such as IC 812.
- the wireless radio card 802 may include a WLAN radio card and may be configured for Wi-Fi communications, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.
- the radio architecture 105 A, 105B may be configured to receive and transmit orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) or orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) communication signals over a multicarrier communication channel.
- OFDM orthogonal frequency division multiplexed
- OFDMA orthogonal frequency division multiple access
- the OFDM or OFDMA signals may comprise a plurality of orthogonal subcarriers.
- radio architecture 105 A, 105B may be part of a Wi-Fi communication station (STA) such as a wireless access point (AP), a base station or a mobile device including a Wi-Fi device.
- STA Wi-Fi communication station
- AP wireless access point
- AP wireless access point
- radio architecture 105 A, 105B may be configured to transmit and receive signals in accordance with specific communication standards and/or protocols, such as any of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) standards including, 802.
- IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
- Radio architecture 105A, 105B may also be suitable to transmit and/or receive communications in accordance with other techniques and standards.
- the radio architecture 105A, 105B may be configured for high- efficiency Wi-Fi (HEW) communications in accordance with the IEEE 802.1 lax standard.
- the radio architecture 105A, 105B may be configured to communicate in accordance with an OFDMA technique, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.
- the radio architecture 105A, 105B may be configured to transmit and receive signals transmitted using one or more other modulation techniques such as spread spectrum modulation (e.g., direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) and/or frequency hopping code division multiple access (FH-CDMA)), time-division multiplexing (TDM) modulation, and/or frequency-division multiplexing (FDM) modulation, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.
- spread spectrum modulation e.g., direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) and/or frequency hopping code division multiple access (FH-CDMA)
- TDM time-division multiplexing
- FDM frequency-division multiplexing
- the BT baseband circuitry 808b may be compliant with a Bluetooth (BT) connectivity standard such as Bluetooth, Bluetooth 8.0 or Bluetooth 6.0, or any other iteration of the Bluetooth Standard.
- BT Bluetooth
- the radio architecture 105A, 105B may include other radio cards, such as a cellular radio card configured for cellular (e.g., 5 GPP such as LTE, LTE- Advanced or 7G communications).
- a cellular radio card configured for cellular (e.g., 5 GPP such as LTE, LTE- Advanced or 7G communications).
- the radio architecture 105 A, 105B may be configured for communication over various channel bandwidths including bandwidths having center frequencies of about 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, and bandwidths of about 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 5 MHz, 5.5 MHz, 6 MHz, 8 MHz, 10 MHz, 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz (with contiguous bandwidths) or 80+80 MHz (160MHz) (with non-contiguous bandwidths).
- a 920 MHz channel bandwidth may be used. The scope of the embodiments is not limited with respect to the above center frequencies however.
- FIG. 9 illustrates WLAN FEM circuitry 804a in accordance with some embodiments. Although the example of FIG. 9 is described in conjunction with the WLAN FEM circuitry 804a, the example of FIG. 9 may be described in conjunction with the example BT FEM circuitry 804b (FIG. 8), although other circuitry configurations may also be suitable.
- the FEM circuitry 804a may include a TX/RX switch 902 to switch between transmit mode and receive mode operation.
- the FEM circuitry 804a may include a receive signal path and a transmit signal path.
- the receive signal path of the FEM circuitry 804a may include a low-noise amplifier (LNA) 906 to amplify received RF signals 903 and provide the amplified received RF signals 907 as an output (e.g., to the radio IC circuitry 806a-b (FIG. 8)).
- LNA low-noise amplifier
- the transmit signal path of the circuitry 804a may include a power amplifier (PA) to amplify input RF signals 909 (e.g., provided by the radio IC circuitry 806a-b), and one or more filters 912, such as band-pass filters (BPFs), low-pass filters (LPFs) or other types of filters, to generate RF signals 915 for subsequent transmission (e.g., by one or more of the antennas 801 (FIG. 8)) via an example duplexer 914.
- PA power amplifier
- filters 912 such as band-pass filters (BPFs), low-pass filters (LPFs) or other types of filters
- the FEM circuitry 804a may be configured to operate in either the 2.4 GHz frequency spectrum or the 5 GHz frequency spectrum.
- the receive signal path of the FEM circuitry 804a may include a receive signal path duplexer 904 to separate the signals from each spectrum as well as provide a separate LNA 906 for each spectrum as shown.
- the transmit signal path of the FEM circuitry 804a may also include a power amplifier 910 and a filter 912, such as a BPF, an LPF or another type of filter for each frequency spectrum and a transmit signal path duplexer 904 to provide the signals of one of the different spectrums onto a single transmit path for subsequent transmission by the one or more of the antennas 801 (FIG. 8).
- BT communications may utilize the 2.4 GHz signal paths and may utilize the same FEM circuitry 804a as the one used for WLAN communications.
- FIG. 10 illustrates radio IC circuitry 806a in accordance with some embodiments.
- the radio IC circuitry 806a is one example of circuitry that may be suitable for use as the WLAN or BT radio IC circuitry 806a/806b (FIG. 8), although other circuitry configurations may also be suitable.
- FIG. 10 may be described in conjunction with the example BT radio IC circuitry 806b.
- the radio IC circuitry 806a may include a receive signal path and a transmit signal path.
- the receive signal path of the radio IC circuitry 806a may include at least mixer circuitry 1002, such as, for example, down-conversion mixer circuitry, amplifier circuitry 1006 and filter circuitry 1008.
- the transmit signal path of the radio IC circuitry 806a may include at least filter circuitry 1012 and mixer circuitry 1014, such as, for example, up-conversion mixer circuitry.
- Radio IC circuitry 806a may also include synthesizer circuitry 1004 for synthesizing an output frequency 1005 for use by the mixer circuitry 1002 and the mixer circuitry 1014.
- the mixer circuitry 1002 and/or 1014 may each, according to some embodiments, be configured to provide direct conversion functionality.
- the latter type of circuitry presents a much simpler architecture as compared with standard super-heterodyne mixer circuitries, and any flicker noise brought about by the same may be alleviated for example through the use of OFDM modulation.
- FIG. 10 illustrates only a simplified version of a radio IC circuitry, and may include, although not shown, embodiments where each of the depicted circuitries may include more than one component.
- mixer circuitry 1014 may each include one or more mixers
- filter circuitries 1008 and/or 1012 may each include one or more filters, such as one or more BPFs and/or LPFs according to application needs.
- mixer circuitries when mixer circuitries are of the direct-conversion type, they may each include two or more mixers.
- mixer circuitry 1002 may be configured to down-convert RF signals 907 received from the FEM circuitry 804a-b (FIG. 8) based on the synthesized output frequency 1005 provided by synthesizer circuitry 1004.
- the amplifier circuitry 1006 may be configured to amplify the down-converted signals and the filter circuitry 1008 may include an LPF configured to remove unwanted signals from the down-converted signals to generate output baseband signals 1007.
- Output baseband signals 1007 may be provided to the baseband processing circuitry 808a- b (FIG. 8) for further processing.
- the output baseband signals 1007 may be zero-frequency baseband signals, although this is not a requirement.
- mixer circuitry 1002 may comprise passive mixers, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.
- the mixer circuitry 1014 may be configured to up-convert input baseband signals 1011 based on the synthesized output frequency 1005 provided by the synthesizer circuitry 1004 to generate RF output signals 909 for the FEM circuitry 804a-b.
- the baseband signals 1011 may be provided by the baseband processing circuitry 808a-b and may be filtered by filter circuitry 1012.
- the filter circuitry 1012 may include an LPF or a BPF, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.
- the mixer circuitry 1002 and the mixer circuitry 1014 may each include two or more mixers and may be arranged for quadrature down-conversion and/or up- conversion respectively with the help of synthesizer circuitry 1004.
- the mixer circuitry 1002 and the mixer circuitry 1014 may each include two or more mixers each configured for image rejection (e.g., Hartley image rejection).
- the mixer circuitry 1002 and the mixer circuitry 1014 may be arranged for direct down-conversion and/or direct up-conversion, respectively.
- the mixer circuitry 1002 and the mixer circuitry 1014 may be configured for super-heterodyne operation, although this is not a requirement.
- Mixer circuitry 1002 may comprise, according to one embodiment: quadrature passive mixers (e.g., for the in-phase (I) and quadrature phase (Q) paths).
- RF input signal 907 from FIG. 10 may be down-converted to provide I and Q baseband output signals to be sent to the baseband processor.
- Quadrature passive mixers may be driven by zero and ninety-degree time-varying LO switching signals provided by a quadrature circuitry which may be configured to receive a LO frequency (fLO) from a local oscillator or a synthesizer, such as LO output frequency 1005 of synthesizer 1004 circuitry (FIG. 10).
- a LO frequency fLO
- the LO frequency may be the carrier frequency
- the LO frequency may be a fraction of the carrier frequency (e.g., one -half the carrier frequency, one-third the carrier frequency).
- the zero and ninety-degree time- varying switching signals may be generated by the synthesizer, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.
- the LO signals may differ in duty cycle (the percentage of one period in which the LO signal is high) and/or offset (the difference between start points of the period). In some embodiments, the LO signals may have an 85% duty cycle and an 80% offset. In some embodiments, each branch of the mixer circuitry (e.g., the in-phase (I) and quadrature phase (Q) path) may operate at an 80% duty cycle, which may result in a significant reduction is power consumption.
- the in-phase (I) and quadrature phase (Q) path may operate at an 80% duty cycle, which may result in a significant reduction is power consumption.
- the RF input signal 907 may comprise a balanced signal, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.
- the I and Q baseband output signals may be provided to low-noise amplifier, such as amplifier circuitry 1006 (FIG. 10) or to filter circuitry 1008 (FIG. 10).
- the output baseband signals 1007 and the input baseband signals 1011 may be analog baseband signals, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. In some alternate embodiments, the output baseband signals 1007 and the input baseband signals 1011 may be digital baseband signals. In these alternate embodiments, the radio IC circuitry may include analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and digital-to-analog converter (DAC) circuitry.
- ADC analog-to-digital converter
- DAC digital-to-analog converter
- a separate radio IC circuitry may be provided for processing signals for each spectrum, or for other spectrums not mentioned here, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.
- the synthesizer circuitry 1004 may be a fractional-N synthesizer or a fractional N/N+l synthesizer, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect as other types of frequency synthesizers may be suitable.
- synthesizer circuitry 1004 may be a delta-sigma synthesizer, a frequency multiplier, or a synthesizer comprising a phase- locked loop with a frequency divider.
- the synthesizer circuitry 1004 may include digital synthesizer circuitry. An advantage of using a digital synthesizer circuitry is that, although it may still include some analog components, its footprint may be scaled down much more than the footprint of an analog synthesizer circuitry.
- frequency input into synthesizer circuity 1004 may be provided by a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), although that is not a requirement.
- VCO voltage controlled oscillator
- a divider control input may further be provided by either the baseband processing circuitry 808a-b (FIG. 8) depending on the desired output frequency 1005.
- a divider control input (e.g., N) may be determined from a look-up table (e.g., within a Wi-Fi card) based on a channel number and a channel center frequency as determined or indicated by the example application processor 810.
- the application processor 810 may include, or otherwise be connected to, one of the example secure signal converter 101 or the example received signal converter 103 (e.g., depending on which device the example radio architecture is implemented in).
- synthesizer circuitry 1004 may be configured to generate a carrier frequency as the output frequency 1005, while in other embodiments, the output frequency 1005 may be a fraction of the carrier frequency (e.g., one-half the carrier frequency, one-third the carrier frequency). In some embodiments, the output frequency 1005 may be a LO frequency (fLO).
- fLO LO frequency
- FIG. 11 illustrates a functional block diagram of baseband processing circuitry 808a in accordance with some embodiments.
- the baseband processing circuitry 808a is one example of circuitry that may be suitable for use as the baseband processing circuitry 808a (FIG. 8), although other circuitry configurations may also be suitable.
- the example of FIG. 10 may be used to implement the example BT baseband processing circuitry 808b of FIG. 8.
- the baseband processing circuitry 808a may include a receive baseband processor (RX BBP) 1102 for processing receive baseband signals 1009 provided by the radio IC circuitry 806a- b (FIG. 8) and a transmit baseband processor (TX BBP) 1104 for generating transmit baseband signals 1011 for the radio IC circuitry 806a-b.
- the baseband processing circuitry 808a may also include control logic 1106 for coordinating the operations of the baseband processing circuitry 808a.
- the baseband processing circuitry 808a may include ADC 1110 to convert analog baseband signals 1109 received from the radio IC circuitry 806a-b to digital baseband signals for processing by the RX BBP 1102.
- the baseband processing circuitry 808a may also include DAC 1112 to convert digital baseband signals from the TX BBP 1104 to analog baseband signals 1111.
- the transmit baseband processor 1104 may be configured to generate OFDM or OFDMA signals as appropriate for transmission by performing an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT).
- IFFT inverse fast Fourier transform
- the receive baseband processor 1102 may be configured to process received OFDM signals or OFDMA signals by performing an FFT.
- the receive baseband processor 1102 may be configured to detect the presence of an OFDM signal or OFDMA signal by performing an autocorrelation, to detect a preamble, such as a short preamble, and by performing a cross-correlation, to detect a long preamble.
- the preambles may be part of a predetermined frame structure for Wi-Fi communication.
- the antennas 801 may each comprise one or more directional or omnidirectional antennas, including, for example, dipole antennas, monopole antennas, patch antennas, loop antennas, microstrip antennas or other types of antennas suitable for transmission of RF signals.
- the antennas may be effectively separated to take advantage of spatial diversity and the different channel characteristics that may result.
- Antennas 801 may each include a set of phased-array antennas, although embodiments are not so limited.
- radio architecture 105A, 105B is illustrated as having several separate functional elements, one or more of the functional elements may be combined and may be implemented by combinations of software-configured elements, such as processing elements including digital signal processors (DSPs), and/or other hardware elements.
- processing elements including digital signal processors (DSPs), and/or other hardware elements.
- DSPs digital signal processors
- some elements may comprise one or more microprocessors, DSPs, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), radio-frequency integrated circuits (RFICs) and combinations of various hardware and logic circuitry for performing at least the functions described herein.
- the functional elements may refer to one or more processes operating on one or more processing elements.
- the word “exemplary” is used herein to mean “serving as an example, instance, or illustration.” Any embodiment described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments.
- the terms “computing device,” “user device,” “communication station,” “station,” “handheld device,” “mobile device,” “wireless device” and “user equipment” (UE) as used herein refers to a wireless communication device such as a cellular telephone, a smartphone, a tablet, a netbook, a wireless terminal, a laptop computer, a femtocell, a high data rate (HDR) subscriber station, an access point, a printer, a point of sale device, an access terminal, or other personal communication system (PCS) device.
- the device may be either mobile or stationary.
- the term “communicate” is intended to include transmitting, or receiving, or both transmitting and receiving. This may be particularly useful in claims when describing the organization of data that is being transmitted by one device and received by another, but only the functionality of one of those devices is required to infringe the claim. Similarly, the bidirectional exchange of data between two devices (both devices transmit and receive during the exchange) may be described as “communicating,” when only the functionality of one of those devices is being claimed.
- the term “communicating” as used herein with respect to a wireless communication signal includes transmitting the wireless communication signal and/or receiving the wireless communication signal.
- a wireless communication unit which is capable of communicating a wireless communication signal, may include a wireless transmitter to transmit the wireless communication signal to at least one other wireless communication unit, and/or a wireless communication receiver to receive the wireless communication signal from at least one other wireless communication unit.
- AP access point
- An access point may also be referred to as an access node, a base station, an evolved node B (eNodeB), or some other similar terminology known in the art.
- An access terminal may also be called a mobile station, user equipment (UE), a wireless communication device, or some other similar terminology known in the art.
- Embodiments disclosed herein generally pertain to wireless networks. Some embodiments may relate to wireless networks that operate in accordance with one of the IEEE 802.11 standards.
- Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with various devices and systems, for example, a personal computer (PC), a desktop computer, a mobile computer, a laptop computer, a notebook computer, a tablet computer, a server computer, a handheld computer, a handheld device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) device, a handheld PDA device, an on-board device, an off- board device, a hybrid device, a vehicular device, a non- vehicular device, a mobile or portable device, a consumer device, a non-mobile or non-portable device, a wireless communication station, a wireless communication device, a wireless access point (AP), a wired or wireless router, a wired or wireless modem, a video device, an audio device, an audio- video (A/V) device, a wired or wireless network, a wireless area network, a wireless video area network (WVAN), a local area network (LAN), a wireless LAN (WLAN), a personal area network (PAN), a wireless PAN (WPAN
- Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with one way and/or two-way radio communication systems, cellular radio-telephone communication systems, a mobile phone, a cellular telephone, a wireless telephone, a personal communication system (PCS) device, a PDA device which incorporates a wireless communication device, a mobile or portable global positioning system (GPS) device, a device which incorporates a GPS receiver or transceiver or chip, a device which incorporates an RFID element or chip, a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) transceiver or device, a single input multiple output (SIMO) transceiver or device, a multiple input single output (MISO) transceiver or device, a device having one or more internal antennas and/or external antennas, digital video broadcast (DVB) devices or systems, multistandard radio devices or systems, a wired or wireless handheld device, e.g., a smartphone, a wireless application protocol (WAP) device, or the like.
- WAP wireless application protocol
- Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with one or more types of wireless communication signals and/or systems following one or more wireless communication protocols, for example, radio frequency (RF), infrared (IR), frequency-division multiplexing (FDM), orthogonal FDM (OFDM), time-division multiplexing (TDM), time-division multiple access (TDMA), extended TDMA (E-TDMA), general packet radio service (GPRS), extended GPRS, code-division multiple access (CDMA), wideband CDMA (WCDMA), CDMA 2000, singlecarrier CDMA, multi-carrier CDMA, multi-carrier modulation (MDM), discrete multi-tone (DMT), Bluetooth®, global positioning system (GPS), Wi-Fi, Wi-Max, ZigBee, ultra-wideband (UWB), global system for mobile communications (GSM), 2G, 2.5G, 3G, 3.5G, 4G, fifth generation (5G) mobile networks, 3GPP, long term evolution (LTE), LTE advanced, enhanced data rates for GSM
- a device of an access point (AP) multi-link device comprising processing circuitry coupled to storage, the processing circuitry configured to: establish a multilink operation with a first MLD, wherein the AP MLD comprises a plurality of APs within the AP MLD; set up a plurality of links between the AP MLD and the first MLD, wherein the multilink operation connects on each link of the plurality of links a respective AP of the AP MLD with a respective device of the first MLD; establish a target beacon transmission time (TBTT) on a first link; allocate a first quiet period on the first link; share the TBTT with a second AP of the AP MLD; and send a first beacon frame from the second AP on a second link, wherein the first beacon frame comprises a first quiet element indicative of the first quiet period on the first link based on the TBTT.
- TBTT target beacon transmission time
- Example 1 may include the device of example 1 and/or some other example herein, wherein the TBTT may be shared with the second AP using a neighboring report frame.
- Example 2 may include the device of example 1 and/or some other example herein, wherein the first quiet element comprises at least one of a quiet interval, a quiet duration, and a quiet period offset.
- Example 3 may include the device of example 1 and/or some other example herein, wherein the first quiet element comprises a first quiet countdown value indicative of information associated with the first quiet period.
- Example 4 may include the device of example 4 and/or some other example herein, wherein the first quiet countdown value may be in a range of 1 to 127 to indicate a future multiple of TBTT count on the first link.
- Example 5 may include the device of example 1 and/or some other example herein, wherein the first quiet element points to a future beacon frame on the first link, wherein the future beacon frame indicates a quiet period offset.
- Example 6 may include the device of example 1 and/or some other example herein, wherein the processing circuitry may be further configured to send a second beacon frame from the second AP on the second link, wherein the second beacon frame comprises a second quiet element, wherein the second quiet element points to a previous beacon frame on the first link based on the TBTT of the first link.
- Example 7 may include the device of example 7 and/or some other example herein, wherein the second quiet element comprises a second quiet countdown value that may be in a range of 128 to 255 to indicate a previous multiple of TBTT count on the first link.
- the second quiet element comprises a second quiet countdown value that may be in a range of 128 to 255 to indicate a previous multiple of TBTT count on the first link.
- Example 8 may include the device of example 1 and/or some other example herein, further comprising a transceiver configured to transmit and receive wireless signals.
- Example 9 may include the device of example 9 and/or some other example herein, further comprising an antenna coupled to the transceiver to cause to send the frame.
- Example 10 may include a non- transitory computer-readable medium storing computerexecutable instructions which when executed by one or more processors an access point (AP) multi-link device (MLD)result in performing operations comprising: establishing a multi-link operation with a first MLD, wherein the AP MLD comprises a plurality of APs within the AP MLD; setting up a plurality of links between the AP MLD and the first MLD, wherein the multilink operation connects on each link of the plurality of links a respective AP of the AP MLD with a respective device of the first MLD; establishing a target beacon transmission time (TBTT) on a first link; allocating a first quiet period on the first link; sharing the TBTT with a second AP of the AP MLD; and sending a first beacon frame from the second AP on a second link, wherein the first beacon frame comprises a first quiet element indicative of the first quiet period on the first link based on the TBTT.
- AP access point
- Example 11 may include the non-transitory computer-readable medium of example 11 and/or some other example herein, wherein the TBTT may be shared with the second AP using a neighboring report frame.
- Example 12 may include the non-transitory computer-readable medium of example 11 and/or some other example herein, wherein the first quiet element comprises at least one of a quiet interval, a quiet duration, and a quiet period offset.
- Example 13 may include the non-transitory computer-readable medium of example 11 and/or some other example herein, wherein the first quiet element comprises a first quiet countdown value indicative of information associated with the first quiet period.
- Example 14 may include the non-transitory computer-readable medium of example 14 and/or some other example herein, wherein the first quiet countdown value may be in a range of 1 to 127 to indicate a future multiple of TBTT count on the first link.
- Example 15 may include the non-transitory computer-readable medium of example 11 and/or some other example herein, wherein the first quiet element points to a future beacon frame on the first link, wherein the future beacon frame indicates a quiet period offset.
- Example 16 may include the non-transitory computer-readable medium of example 11 and/or some other example herein, wherein the operations further comprise sending a second beacon frame from the second AP on the second link, wherein the second beacon frame comprises a second quiet element, wherein the second quiet element points to a previous beacon frame on the first link based on the TBTT of the first link.
- Example 17 may include the non-transitory computer-readable medium of example 17 and/or some other example herein, wherein the second quiet element comprises a second quiet countdown value that may be in a range of 128 to 255 to indicate a previous multiple of TBTT count on the first link.
- the second quiet element comprises a second quiet countdown value that may be in a range of 128 to 255 to indicate a previous multiple of TBTT count on the first link.
- Example 18 may include a method comprising: establishing, by one or more processors an access point (AP) multi-link device (MLD), a multi-link operation with a first MLD, wherein the AP MLD comprises a plurality of APs within the AP MLD; setting up a plurality of links between the AP MLD and the first MLD, wherein the multi-link operation connects on each link of the plurality of links a respective AP of the AP MLD with a respective device of the first MLD; establishing a target beacon transmission time (TBTT) on a first link; allocating a first quiet period on the first link; sharing the TBTT with a second AP of the AP MLD; and sending a first beacon frame from the second AP on a second link, wherein the first beacon frame comprises a first quiet element indicative of the first quiet period on the first link based on the TBTT.
- AP access point
- MLD multi-link device
- Example 19 may include the method of example 19 and/or some other example herein, wherein the TBTT may be shared with the second AP using a neighboring report frame.
- Example 20 may include the method of example 19 and/or some other example herein, wherein the first quiet element comprises at least one of a quiet interval, a quiet duration, and a quiet period offset.
- Example 21 may include the method of example 19 and/or some other example herein, wherein the first quiet element comprises a first quiet countdown value indicative of information associated with the first quiet period.
- Example 22 may include the method of example 22 and/or some other example herein, wherein the first quiet countdown value may be in a range of 1 to 127 to indicate a future multiple of TBTT count on the first link.
- Example 23 may include the method of example 19 and/or some other example herein, wherein the first quiet element points to a future beacon frame on the first link, wherein the future beacon frame indicates a quiet period offset.
- Example 24 may include the method of example 19 and/or some other example herein, further comprising sending a second beacon frame from the second AP on the second link, wherein the second beacon frame comprises a second quiet element, wherein the second quiet element points to a previous beacon frame on the first link based on the TBTT of the first link.
- Example 25 may include the method of example 25 and/or some other example herein, wherein the second quiet element comprises a second quiet countdown value that may be in a range of 128 to 255 to indicate a previous multiple of TBTT count on the first link.
- the second quiet element comprises a second quiet countdown value that may be in a range of 128 to 255 to indicate a previous multiple of TBTT count on the first link.
- An apparatus an access point (AP) multi-link device (MLD) comprising means for: establishing a multi-link operation with a first MLD, wherein the AP MLD comprises a plurality of APs within the AP MLD; setting up a plurality of links between the AP MLD and the first MLD, wherein the multi-link operation connects on each link of the plurality of links a respective AP of the AP MLD with a respective device of the first MLD; establishing a target beacon transmission time (TBTT) on a first link; allocating a first quiet period on the first link; sharing the TBTT with a second AP of the AP MLD; and sending a first beacon frame from the second AP on a second link, wherein the first beacon frame comprises a first quiet element indicative of the first quiet period on the first link based on the TBTT.
- TBTT target beacon transmission time
- Example 26 may include the apparatus of example 27 and/or some other example herein, wherein the TBTT may be shared with the second AP using a neighboring report frame.
- Example 27 may include the apparatus of example 27 and/or some other example herein, wherein the first quiet element comprises at least one of a quiet interval, a quiet duration, and a quiet period offset.
- Example 28 may include the apparatus of example 27 and/or some other example herein, wherein the first quiet element comprises a first quiet countdown value indicative of information associated with the first quiet period.
- Example 29 may include the apparatus of example 30 and/or some other example herein, wherein the first quiet countdown value may be in a range of 1 to 127 to indicate a future multiple of TBTT count on the first link.
- Example 30 may include the apparatus of example 27 and/or some other example herein, wherein the first quiet element points to a future beacon frame on the first link, wherein the future beacon frame indicates a quiet period offset.
- Example 31 may include the apparatus of example 27 and/or some other example herein, further comprising sending a second beacon frame from the second AP on the second link, wherein the second beacon frame comprises a second quiet element, wherein the second quiet element points to a previous beacon frame on the first link based on the TBTT of the first link.
- Example 32 may include the apparatus of example 33 and/or some other example herein, wherein the second quiet element comprises a second quiet countdown value that may be in a range of 128 to 255 to indicate a previous multiple of TBTT count on the first link.
- the second quiet element comprises a second quiet countdown value that may be in a range of 128 to 255 to indicate a previous multiple of TBTT count on the first link.
- Example 33 may include one or more non- transitory computer-readable media comprising instructions to cause an electronic device, upon execution of the instructions by one or more processors of the electronic device, to perform one or more elements of a method described in or related to any of examples 1-32, or any other method or process described herein.
- Example 34 may include an apparatus comprising logic, modules, and/or circuitry to perform one or more elements of a method described in or related to any of examples 1-32, or any other method or process described herein.
- Example 35 may include a method, technique, or process as described in or related to any of examples 1-32, or portions or parts thereof.
- Example 36 may include an apparatus comprising: one or more processors and one or more computer readable media comprising instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform the method, techniques, or process as described in or related to any of examples 1-32, or portions thereof.
- Example 37 may include a method of communicating in a wireless network as shown and described herein.
- Example 38 may include a system for providing wireless communication as shown and described herein.
- Example 39 may include a device for providing wireless communication as shown and described herein.
- Embodiments according to the disclosure are in particular disclosed in the attached claims directed to a method, a storage medium, a device and a computer program product, wherein any feature mentioned in one claim category, e.g., method, can be claimed in another claim category, e.g., system, as well.
- the dependencies or references back in the attached claims are chosen for formal reasons only. However, any subject matter resulting from a deliberate reference back to any previous claims (in particular multiple dependencies) can be claimed as well, so that any combination of claims and the features thereof are disclosed and can be claimed regardless of the dependencies chosen in the attached claims.
- These computer-executable program instructions may be loaded onto a special-purpose computer or other particular machine, a processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a particular machine, such that the instructions that execute on the computer, processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus create means for implementing one or more functions specified in the flow diagram block or blocks.
- These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage media or memory that may direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage media produce an article of manufacture including instruction means that implement one or more functions specified in the flow diagram block or blocks.
- certain implementations may provide for a computer program product, comprising a computer-readable storage medium having a computer- readable program code or program instructions implemented therein, said computer-readable program code adapted to be executed to implement one or more functions specified in the flow diagram block or blocks.
- the computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational elements or steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer- implemented process such that the instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide elements or steps for implementing the functions specified in the flow diagram block or blocks.
- blocks of the block diagrams and flow diagrams support combinations of means for performing the specified functions, combinations of elements or steps for performing the specified functions and program instruction means for performing the specified functions. It will also be understood that each block of the block diagrams and flow diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and flow diagrams, may be implemented by special-purpose, hardware-based computer systems that perform the specified functions, elements or steps, or combinations of special-purpose hardware and computer instructions.
- conditional language such as, among others, “can,” “could,” “might,” or “may,” unless specifically stated otherwise, or otherwise understood within the context as used, is generally intended to convey that certain implementations could include, while other implementations do not include, certain features, elements, and/or operations. Thus, such conditional language is not generally intended to imply that features, elements, and/or operations are in any way required for one or more implementations or that one or more implementations necessarily include logic for deciding, with or without user input or prompting, whether these features, elements, and/or operations are included or are to be performed in any particular implementation.
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Abstract
La présente divulgation concerne des systèmes, des procédés et des dispositifs associés à un élément silencieux pour un fonctionnement à liaisons multiples (MLO). Un dispositif d'un dispositif à liaisons multiples (MLD) d'un point d'accès (AP) peut établir une opération à liaisons multiples avec un premier MLD, le MLD AP comprenant une pluralité d'AP à l'intérieur. Le dispositif peut établir une pluralité de liaisons entre le MLD AP et le premier MLD, le fonctionnement à liaisons multiples connectant, sur chaque liaison de la pluralité de liaisons, un AP respectif du MLD AP avec un dispositif respectif du premier MLD. Le dispositif peut établir un temps de transmission de balise cible (TBTT) sur la première liaison. Le dispositif peut attribuer une première période silencieuse sur la première liaison. Le dispositif peut partager le TBTT avec un second AP du MLD AP. Le dispositif peut envoyer une première trame de balise du second AP sur une seconde liaison, la première trame de balise comprenant un premier élément silencieux qui indique la première période silencieuse sur la première liaison d'après le TBTT.
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US202063089240P | 2020-10-08 | 2020-10-08 | |
PCT/US2021/054028 WO2022076726A1 (fr) | 2020-10-08 | 2021-10-07 | Élément silencieux pour fonctionnement à liaisons multiples |
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KR101713096B1 (ko) * | 2010-11-16 | 2017-03-07 | 인터디지탈 패튼 홀딩스, 인크 | 무선 다이렉트 링크 동작을 위한 방법 및 장치 |
US11134542B2 (en) * | 2019-03-20 | 2021-09-28 | Intel Corporation | Multi-link discovery signaling in extremely high throughput (EHT) systems |
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