EP4219848A1 - Boden für ein wohnmodul - Google Patents

Boden für ein wohnmodul Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4219848A1
EP4219848A1 EP23152229.3A EP23152229A EP4219848A1 EP 4219848 A1 EP4219848 A1 EP 4219848A1 EP 23152229 A EP23152229 A EP 23152229A EP 4219848 A1 EP4219848 A1 EP 4219848A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
beams
floor
metal
module
wooden
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP23152229.3A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Didier Goy
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Valeurs Alpines
Original Assignee
Valeurs Alpines
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Valeurs Alpines filed Critical Valeurs Alpines
Publication of EP4219848A1 publication Critical patent/EP4219848A1/de
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/02—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements
    • E04B1/14—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements the elements being composed of two or more materials
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/02—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units
    • E04B5/10—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units with metal beams or girders, e.g. with steel lattice girders
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/02—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units
    • E04B5/12—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units with wooden beams
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/16—Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
    • E04B5/17—Floor structures partly formed in situ
    • E04B5/23—Floor structures partly formed in situ with stiffening ribs or other beam-like formations wholly or partly prefabricated
    • E04B5/26—Floor structures partly formed in situ with stiffening ribs or other beam-like formations wholly or partly prefabricated with filling members between the beams
    • E04B5/268—End filling members to be placed between the floor and the wall, e.g. thermal breaks

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a floor for a housing module and to a module comprising such a floor.
  • the modules generally have a rectangular parallelogram shape.
  • Each module has a floor, side walls and a ceiling.
  • the floor of the upper module rests on the ceiling of the lower module.
  • the total height of the stack is then equal to the sum of the module heights.
  • each module may be desirable to reduce the height of each module to allow a certain number of levels to be achieved while remaining below a maximum height. For example, for second family constructions, the maximum height for the last floor must be 8 meters.
  • the existing modules do not make it possible to create a dwelling with a ground floor plus three levels respecting this obligation.
  • Reducing the height of a module poses a certain number of constraints, in particular it is not possible to reduce the height of the living area. Consequently, the reduction in the height of the module imposes a reduction of the parts outside the habitable zone. Reducing the height of a module is therefore relatively complex.
  • Reducing the overall height of a module also makes it possible to reduce the quantity of material required for its construction, which is favorable in terms of cost reduction and ecological footprint.
  • the object stated above is achieved by a floor for a construction module having a reduced thickness, which then makes it possible to reduce the overall thickness of the module while maintaining an acceptable, or even unchanged, habitable height.
  • the floor has a particular structure which makes it possible to significantly reduce its thickness, by integrating thermal insulation and possibly one or more technical ducts.
  • the structure of the floor has wooden elements and metal elements, which makes it possible to combine the mechanical properties of the two materials.
  • the metal elements have a low thickness while offering very good mechanical strength in large-span constructions with significant structural stress.
  • the structure is rectangular in shape and comprises a frame made of metal beams and joists comprising metal beams with a U-section arranged so that the U is oriented upwards and each housing a wooden beam.
  • One or more wooden plates cover the upper surface of the frame and the joists. The thermal insulation can be placed between the joists.
  • the wooden beams are made of a composite material comprising layers of wood veneer laminated with an adhesive, the wood veneer being for example beech or spruce.
  • the floor comprises a thermal insulating material arranged between the joists, for example it is rock wool.
  • a housing module comprises a floor according to the invention, walls and a ceiling.
  • the subject of the present application is therefore a floor for a dwelling comprising a frame and joists, the frame comprising two first metal beams with a U-shaped cross-section oriented parallel so that the U are opposite, two second parallel U-shaped cross-section metal beams connecting the first two beams and oriented so that the U is open upwards. Every second metal beam houses a wooden beam.
  • the floor comprising joists each comprising a second metal beam with a U-section oriented so that the U is open upwards and a wooden beam housed in the second metal beam, at least a first plate resting on the wooden beams and on the first beams. The longitudinal ends of the second metal beams are received in the first metal beams.
  • the wooden beams comprise a stack of wood veneer and adhesive, the wood veneer being advantageously beech or spruce.
  • the floor may comprise an underside and thermal insulation elements arranged between the joists and between the underside and the plate.
  • the soffit may include soffit panels disposed between the joists and the second metal beams include at least one laterally projecting heel forming a support for the soffit panels.
  • the floor advantageously comprises at least one technical sheath formed by a tubular structure of polygonal section, the upper face of which opens into the surface of the first plate of the floor, and at least the wooden beams and the first panel comprise a cutout to accommodate the sheath technical.
  • the technical sheath is for example a heating sheath, the upper surface comprising a grid.
  • each wooden beam is fixed in its second associated metal beam.
  • Another object of the present application is a housing module comprising a floor according to the invention, walls bordering the outer edges of the floor and a ceiling.
  • Each wall can comprise on the interior side of the module, a second panel, an edge beam in its upper part resting on a rabbet of the second panel and fixed thereto, and a thermal insulation element on the face of the second panel located outside the module.
  • At least one of the walls preferably comprises vertical I-beams on which the second panel is fixed and on which the edge beam rests.
  • Advantageously said wall is intended to form an exterior wall and comprising an exterior facing.
  • the edge beams comprise a stack of wood veneer and adhesive, the wood veneer being advantageously beech or spruce.
  • the ceiling comprises a third plate and metal stiffeners inserted in grooves made in one face of said third plate not visible from inside the module.
  • Another object of the present application is a dwelling comprising at least two dwelling modules according to the invention, said modules being superposed or juxtaposed.
  • plane of the floor means the mean plane of the floor which is intended to be oriented horizontally, and to which the upper face of the floor on which the occupants walk is parallel.
  • the floor usually has a rectangular shape. A square-shaped floor does not go beyond the scope of the present invention.
  • the floor has two sides 2 extending along the length and two sides 4 extending along the width.
  • the floor has a frame defining the outer edges of the floor.
  • the frame comprises two first metal beams 8 (only one is shown) each extending along the sides 2, and two second metal beams 10 (only one is shown) extending along the sides 4. These beams form beams of shore.
  • the floor comprises second beams 10 extending perpendicularly to the first beams 8 and regularly distributed over the length of the floor.
  • the first beams 8 have a U-shaped cross-section, commonly referred to as UPN.
  • the first beams are parallel to each other and are oriented so that the U's face each other, i.e. the wings of the U are horizontal, the web is vertical and delimits the outer edge of sides 2.
  • the second beams 10 also have a U-shaped cross-section, but the web has a width greater than the distance between the flanges so that the beam has two heels 11 extending laterally projecting outside the space defined between the two wings.
  • the floor also comprises wooden beams 12 extending in the direction of the width of the floor and each wooden beam 12 is received between the two flanges of a second metal beam 10.
  • the floor comprises as many wooden beams 12 only second metal beams 10.
  • the second metal beam 10 and wooden beam 12 assemblies form joists.
  • wooden beam means a beam comprising wood. It can be a beam made entirely of wood or a composite beam comprising wood and at least one other material.
  • the material can be a spruce glued laminate having for example a resistance to bending between GL24 and GL32.
  • the beam is a composite comprising layers of wood veneer secured by an adhesive.
  • This material is called “lamibois” or LVL (“Laminated Veneer Lumber” in Anglo-Saxon terminology).
  • the wood is preferably beech, the LVL is marketed under the name BauBuche ® by the Pollmeier company and has a GL70 bending strength.
  • the veneer is pine or spruce and has a GL50.
  • each wooden beam 12 is held in a second beam 10 by means of screws 13 passing through the flanges of the U and screwed into the beam 12 ( figure 4 ).
  • each second metal beam 10 comprises longitudinal ends 10.1, configured to be housed, for one in one of the first metal beams 8 and for the other in the other of the first metal beams.
  • the web of each second beam 10 is shorter at the ends and has no side heels.
  • the longitudinal ends 10.1 fit into the first beams 8.
  • the second beams 10 have transverse edges extending over the entire length of the beams.
  • the metal beams 8 and 10 are secured by bolting. Alternatively, they are secured by welding.
  • the thickness of the wooden beams is such that their upper face is in the same plane as the upper surface of the upper flanges of the first beams, so as to define a plane to support the part of use of the floor, on which the occupants walk .
  • the part of use comprises one or more trays 14 of plywood resting on the wooden beams set on the first beams 8.
  • the tray or trays 14 have a sufficient thickness to support the mechanical strength of the floor under load. .
  • the thickness of the plate(s) is for example between 20 mm and 40 mm.
  • the plates 14 are glued to the wooden beams 12 and are screwed on their outer edge to the wooden beams 12 and to the first metal beams 8. As we will see later, the screws are advantageously hidden by the walls.
  • the plate 14 can directly form the surface on which the users walk or a sub-floor, on which a covering is placed, for example a parquet floor or a carpet.
  • the spacing between the joists and the thickness of the wooden beams in particular depend on the operating load of the module.
  • a thermal insulator for example in the form of plates of rock wool or glass wool 18, is interposed between the joists.
  • the lower bottom of the floor has an underside comprising plates 16 arranged between two second beams and resting on the transverse heels 11. These plates 16 only have the function of supporting the thermal insulation and protecting it.
  • the rock wool or glass wool plates 18 have a thickness equal to, or even slightly greater than, the thickness of the joists so as to be slightly compressed.
  • the thermal insulation is rigid enough not to require plates 16.
  • the plates 16 are for example fixed to the heels 11 by bolts.
  • the second metal beams 10 forming the frame of the floor do not have a side heel on the outside of the frame.
  • the floor comprises a conduit or technical sheath 20 allowing for example to pass electric cables, network cables or means of heating and / or air conditioning.
  • the duct is formed by a rectangular section tube 20 which is housed in the floor and whose upper face 20.1 is flush with the upper face of the plate 14.
  • the wooden beams 12 comprise a cutout 22 so that they have a reduced thickness.
  • the plate 14 comprises, for its part, a part forming the central part of the floor and a part forming the outline of the floor.
  • the upper face 20.1 of the sheath 20 projects with respect to the upper face of the flattener 14.
  • the thermal insulation is configured to house the sheath and retains a thickness of insulation under the sheath.
  • the wooden beams have a longitudinal end of reduced thickness to accommodate the sheath and the part not occupied by the sheath is advantageously filled with thermal insulating material.
  • the cutout 22 comprises a flat bottom 22.1 parallel to the plane of the floor and an inclined face 22.2, this inclined face reduces the effect of the cutout on the mechanical properties of the joist. Nevertheless, depending on the stresses, a cutout whose edge 22.2 would be perpendicular to the plane of the floor does not go beyond the scope of this application.
  • the technical sheath has an inclined side edge which rests on the inclined face 22.2 of the cutout 22.
  • the technical sheath 20 is arranged on one edge of the floor.
  • it could be located in a more central part of that, in this case the cutout forms a cradle comprising a bottom and two side faces.
  • the sheath may extend over all or part of the length of the floor.
  • the sheath is concealed under the plate and is not visible from inside the module. If necessary, a hatch is provided to access the sheath.
  • the technical duct 20 comprises an openwork upper face, for example formed by a grid making it possible to bring hot air or cold air into the module.
  • the floor can incorporate several ducts, one concealed under the plate 14 for the electrical and/or telecommunications network and a duct opening into the upper face of the floor and ensuring the arrival of air.
  • the joists By producing composite joists comprising a metal part and a wooden part, advantageously in LVL, the joists have sufficient mechanical resistance to bending to produce floors.
  • the thermal insulation can be integrated between the joists and any technical duct(s) can be integrated into the thickness of the joists, while maintaining a reduced thickness floor offering sufficient mechanical strength.
  • the floor is 147 mm thick, whereas a classic floor of a construction module integrating the insulation and the technical duct has a thickness of around 500 mm.
  • FIG. 3 On the picture 3 , an example of a housing module implementing the floor according to the invention can be seen schematically represented. On the figure 7 , we can see a partial perspective view of two superimposed modules.
  • the module comprises a floor P, side walls M and a ceiling PA.
  • the structure of the walls or walls is not limiting and it can be identical or similar to the walls of the modules of the state of the art.
  • the PA ceiling has no function in the mechanical strength of the module, but only a facing function
  • it comprises a plywood panel 24 of wood, for example birch, having a thickness for example between 20 mm and 40 mm, and metal profiles 26 inserted into grooves made in its face not visible from the inside of the cabin.
  • the upper face of a module and the lower face of a module are configured to fit together when they are superposed.
  • the outer walls comprise at the head of the wall and at the foot of the wall horizontal beams 28, 30 respectively offset with respect to each other, so that, at the head of the wall, a housing is provided to receive the beam at the foot of the wall and Conversely. Screw-type fastening means secure the beams.
  • the walls intended to form the exterior walls of the dwelling and the walls intended to form the exterior of the dwelling have different structures.
  • the wall ME comprises wooden beams 32 arranged vertically.
  • the beams 32 advantageously have an I-shaped cross-section, ie they comprise a central web 32.1 oriented perpendicular to the plane of the wall, and two ribs 32.2, 32.3 which form the ends of the I.
  • I-beams are commonly used in construction. They can be made entirely of solid wood or have a particle board core and solid wood ribs.
  • the wall ME also comprises thermal insulation panels 34 between the beams 32 and housed between the chords 32.2, an edge beam 34 arranged at the head of the wall and resting on the upper end 36 of the inner chord 32.3 of each beam 32 which is shorter than the outer chord 32.3. Edge beam 34 runs the full length of the wall.
  • the ME wall also has one or more 38 facing plates on its exterior face and one or more 48 thick plywood panels on its interior face.
  • the plywood panel 48 and the edge beam 34 are secured for example by bolts 40.
  • the plywood panel 48 includes a rabbet 50 also forming a horizontal support for the edge beam.
  • the plywood panel 48 at its lower end also includes a rabbet 52 to bear against the edge lateral exterior of the floor and rest on the contour of the upper face of the floor. As explained above, the fixing screws of the panel 14 are then hidden by the wall.
  • the I-beams 32, the plywood panel 48 and the edge beam 36 are assembled horizontally. This assembly is raised and brought close to a side edge of the floor. On the figure 4 , the assembly is arranged along a joist. This assembly is fixed to the joist by screws through the plywood panel 48. Then the thermal insulation panels are placed between the I-beams and then the exterior facing panel is fixed on the outer chord of the I-beams.
  • the assembly of the various structural parts of the wall is carried out by gluing and screwing or gluing and bolting to ensure a high level of airtightness.
  • FIG. 6 a cross-sectional view of a floor, the nose of an MI interior wall or partition wall and the foot of the partition wall of a floor below can be seen.
  • the wall MI comprises two panels of plywood 54, separated by thermal insulation panels 57, and two edge beams 56 at the nose of the wall supported by rabbets 58 made in the panels 54.
  • the assembly is secured by bolts 59. Rim beams run the full length of the wall.
  • the thermal insulation panels are preferably attached to the exterior face of the plywood panels. During the juxtaposition of two modules, the two insulation panels come into contact against each other and have the required thickness.
  • a space between the two interior walls is provided for the passage of wired networks, such as the electrical network and the telecommunications network.
  • this space is located between the feet of the MI walls.
  • the plywood panels 48, 54 are thick, for example of the order of 50 mm.
  • the plywood panels comprise at their lower end a rabbet bearing against the lateral outer edge of the floor.
  • the dividing walls within the same dwelling and between two dwellings preferably have the same structure, they differ in the thickness of the insulating panels and/or their composition, the dividing walls between two dwellings having insulating panels more thick.
  • the load take-up of the upper module by the lower module is done mainly by the edge beams 34 and 56 resting on the inner chord 22.3 of the I-beams 32 and the rabbets in the plates in plywood 48, 54.
  • the PA ceiling also has a rebate 58 along its entire outer edge to receive the upper end of the edge beams 36, 56 which border the inner face of the walls.
  • the edge beams 36 and 56 are preferably similar in structure to the floor beams, for example in LVL with beech or spruce veneer.
  • the walls connect for example in the following way, the plywood panels are fixed to each other.
  • the edge beams are notched so as to fit together.
  • the longest edge beams are notched to ensure support, so when the module is moved by a crane, since the fixing of the cables is generally carried out on the longest edge beams, they will support the beams of the shortest edges during the ascent of the module. Then the facings are also assembled to each other.
  • wall structure particularly suitable for making an exterior wall can be used to make an interior wall.
  • the structure using I-beams could be replaced by a structure comprising conventional beams.
  • the use of conventional beams creates greater thermal bridges than the use of I-beams.
  • the plywood panels can be replaced by LVL panels such as 12 beams or by cross laminated timber panels or CLT (Cross Laminated Timber in Anglo-Saxon terminology).
  • the floor is made.
  • the second beams 10 are arranged parallel to each other.
  • the wooden beams 12 are housed in the second beams 10 and are fixed therein and form the joists.
  • the first two beams 8 are arranged perpendicular to the second beams 10 so that the longitudinal ends of the joists are received in the first beams 8.
  • the underside plates are placed between the joists resting on the side heels 11 and are fixed thereto.
  • the thermal insulation panels are placed between the joists.
  • the service shaft is put in place.
  • the plywood panel or panels 14 is or are then fixed to the joists and to the first beams 8 by gluing and screwing respectively.
  • External ME and/or internal MI walls are manufactured separately as described above. Any other wall having a structure adapted to the production of a prefabricated housing module, in particular in terms of mass and resistance during transport, may be suitable.
  • the ME and/or MI walls are then fixed to the floor.
  • the interior walls are mounted with a layer of thermal insulation already attached to the plywood panel.
  • the joining of the walls together is obtained by joining the edge beams 34 and 56.
  • the ceiling is made separately, for example by inserting metal stiffening elements into grooves made in a plywood panel, then placed on the walls, the ceiling rabbet receiving the inner edges of the edge beams 34 and 56.
  • the ceiling is fixed to the walls, for example by screwing.
  • the housing module is finished and can be assembled with other modules. It can be superimposed on another module or juxtaposed with another module. During juxtaposition, the thermal insulation panels of the interior walls are in contact and the edge beams 56 are secured by bolts.
  • the immobilization of the modules between them is obtained mainly by the load of the upper module on the lower module.
  • Openings such as windows and doors, can be made during the manufacture of the walls or afterwards. Communication between the floors is obtained by making an opening in the floor between the joists. It may be considered to vary the spacing of joists to provide a sufficient opening.
  • the floor and the walls can comprise in addition to a thermal insulator, a sound insulator and any other element which can improve the comfort of the inhabitants.
  • the invention it is possible to produce floors of reduced thickness, which can integrate thermal insulation and possibly one or more technical ducts, while offering mechanical strength, in particular suitable for the production of prefabricated housing modules. and assemblable, in particular stackable.
  • the modules have a reduced overall height while maintaining the same habitable height. The height of the superposed modules is therefore also reduced.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Floor Finish (AREA)
EP23152229.3A 2022-01-26 2023-01-18 Boden für ein wohnmodul Pending EP4219848A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR2200659A FR3132113A1 (fr) 2022-01-26 2022-01-26 Plancher pour module d’habitation

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4219848A1 true EP4219848A1 (de) 2023-08-02

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ID=82196797

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP23152229.3A Pending EP4219848A1 (de) 2022-01-26 2023-01-18 Boden für ein wohnmodul

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EP (1) EP4219848A1 (de)
FR (1) FR3132113A1 (de)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB560461A (en) * 1942-08-27 1944-04-05 Walter John Worthington Improvements in beams for use in building construction
US4301635A (en) * 1979-11-14 1981-11-24 Nu Floor Co. Ltd. Composite joists, joist assemblies and building panels including such joist assemblies
EP0675990A1 (de) * 1991-04-29 1995-10-11 Peehr Mathias Ornfeld Svensson Balken oder träger für eine gebäudekonstruktion und eine gebäudeeinheit einschliesslich des balkens oder trägers, und verfahren zur herstellung des balkens oder träger.
DE202004011154U1 (de) * 2004-07-15 2004-09-23 Lignotrend Ag Holzbauelement

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB560461A (en) * 1942-08-27 1944-04-05 Walter John Worthington Improvements in beams for use in building construction
US4301635A (en) * 1979-11-14 1981-11-24 Nu Floor Co. Ltd. Composite joists, joist assemblies and building panels including such joist assemblies
EP0675990A1 (de) * 1991-04-29 1995-10-11 Peehr Mathias Ornfeld Svensson Balken oder träger für eine gebäudekonstruktion und eine gebäudeeinheit einschliesslich des balkens oder trägers, und verfahren zur herstellung des balkens oder träger.
DE202004011154U1 (de) * 2004-07-15 2004-09-23 Lignotrend Ag Holzbauelement

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Publication number Publication date
FR3132113A1 (fr) 2023-07-28

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