EP4212607A1 - Lpg-brennstoffzusammensetzungen, additive dafür und deren verwendung - Google Patents
Lpg-brennstoffzusammensetzungen, additive dafür und deren verwendung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP4212607A1 EP4212607A1 EP22151838.4A EP22151838A EP4212607A1 EP 4212607 A1 EP4212607 A1 EP 4212607A1 EP 22151838 A EP22151838 A EP 22151838A EP 4212607 A1 EP4212607 A1 EP 4212607A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- fuel composition
- butyl
- phenol
- compounds
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 102
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000003915 liquefied petroleum gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229930195735 unsaturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002530 phenolic antioxidant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)O OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- JOLVYUIAMRUBRK-UTOQUPLUSA-N Cardanol Chemical class OC1=CC=CC(CCCCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CC=C)=C1 JOLVYUIAMRUBRK-UTOQUPLUSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- ICKWICRCANNIBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 ICKWICRCANNIBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims description 6
- DKCPKDPYUFEZCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C1O DKCPKDPYUFEZCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- QQOMQLYQAXGHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,6-Trimethylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C)C(O)=C1C QQOMQLYQAXGHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PFEFOYRSMXVNEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6-tritert-butylphenol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 PFEFOYRSMXVNEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- GSOYMOAPJZYXTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-ditert-butyl-4-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)phenol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=CC(C=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)=C1 GSOYMOAPJZYXTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylhydroxytoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- JKIJEFPNVSHHEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-, phosphite (3:1) Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1OP(OC=1C(=CC(=CC=1)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)OC1=CC=C(C(C)(C)C)C=C1C(C)(C)C JKIJEFPNVSHHEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BGNXCDMCOKJUMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butylhydroquinone Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(O)=CC=C1O BGNXCDMCOKJUMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- BPRYUXCVCCNUFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6-trimethylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=C(O)C(C)=C1 BPRYUXCVCCNUFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OPLCSTZDXXUYDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dimethyl-6-tert-butylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 OPLCSTZDXXUYDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZZZRZBIPCKQDQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-ditert-butyl-6-methylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C1O ZZZRZBIPCKQDQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MDWVSAYEQPLWMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Methylenebis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol) Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=CC(CC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)=C1 MDWVSAYEQPLWMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphite(3-) Chemical class [O-]P([O-])[O-] AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid di-n-butyl ester Natural products CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCC DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- AZSKHRTUXHLAHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1OP(=O)(OC=1C(=CC(=CC=1)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)OC1=CC=C(C(C)(C)C)C=C1C(C)(C)C AZSKHRTUXHLAHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical group C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 description 14
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 14
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical group CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- -1 ferrous metals Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 6
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAPVYZRWKDXNDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N P,P-Dioctyldiphenylamine Chemical compound C1=CC(CCCCCCCC)=CC=C1NC1=CC=C(CCCCCCCC)C=C1 QAPVYZRWKDXNDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001448 anilines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-2-ene Chemical compound CC=CC IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- QFXZANXYUCUTQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethynol Chemical group OC#C QFXZANXYUCUTQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutane Chemical compound CC(C)C NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical class CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JJULABXIXFRDCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,4-tritert-butylphenol Chemical class CC(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1C(C)(C)C JJULABXIXFRDCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SKDGWNHUETZZCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-ditert-butylphenol Chemical class CC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC(O)=C1C(C)(C)C SKDGWNHUETZZCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WJQOZHYUIDYNHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tert-Butylphenol Chemical class CC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1O WJQOZHYUIDYNHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WSNAAHWRJMRVCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tert-butyl-3,4-dimethylphenol Chemical class CC1=CC=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1C WSNAAHWRJMRVCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GSFOWNSVWOLXLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tert-butyl-3-ethylphenol Chemical class CCC1=CC=CC(O)=C1C(C)(C)C GSFOWNSVWOLXLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SDJUKATYFRSDAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tert-butyl-3-methylphenol Chemical class CC1=CC=CC(O)=C1C(C)(C)C SDJUKATYFRSDAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FCQAFXHLHBGGSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-nonyl-n-(4-nonylphenyl)aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(CCCCCCCCC)=CC=C1NC1=CC=C(CCCCCCCCC)C=C1 FCQAFXHLHBGGSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTGGCIHHLKCBFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC1=C(C)C(C(C)(C)C)=C(C(C)(C)C)C=C1O Chemical class CC1=C(C)C(C(C)(C)C)=C(C(C)(C)C)C=C1O XTGGCIHHLKCBFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical group CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013844 butane Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XNMQEEKYCVKGBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylacetylene Natural products CC#CC XNMQEEKYCVKGBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004356 hydroxy functional group Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001282 iso-butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013847 iso-butane Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004021 metal welding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000004992 toluidines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/143—Organic compounds mixtures of organic macromolecular compounds with organic non-macromolecular compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/182—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
- C10L1/183—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof at least one hydroxy group bound to an aromatic carbon atom
- C10L1/1832—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof at least one hydroxy group bound to an aromatic carbon atom mono-hydroxy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
- C10L3/12—Liquefied petroleum gas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/16—Hydrocarbons
- C10L1/1616—Hydrocarbons fractions, e.g. lubricants, solvents, naphta, bitumen, tars, terpentine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/26—Organic compounds containing phosphorus
- C10L1/2633—Organic compounds containing phosphorus phosphorus bond to oxygen (no P. C. bond)
- C10L1/2641—Organic compounds containing phosphorus phosphorus bond to oxygen (no P. C. bond) oxygen bonds only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2200/00—Components of fuel compositions
- C10L2200/04—Organic compounds
- C10L2200/0407—Specifically defined hydrocarbon fractions as obtained from, e.g. a distillation column
- C10L2200/0415—Light distillates, e.g. LPG, naphtha
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2270/00—Specifically adapted fuels
- C10L2270/02—Specifically adapted fuels for internal combustion engines
- C10L2270/023—Specifically adapted fuels for internal combustion engines for gasoline engines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2270/00—Specifically adapted fuels
- C10L2270/08—Specifically adapted fuels for small applications, such as tools, lamp oil, welding
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a novel fuel composition
- a novel fuel composition comprising liquefied petroleum gas and one or more specific additives.
- Such a fuel composition is useful in several different applications.
- Preferred applications include feeding motor vehicles and in particular two- or three-wheeled motor vehicles, feeding gas burners in particular for heating or cooking applications, and oxyfuel-cutting and welding applications.
- the present invention also relates to an additive composition intended to be added to fuels based on liquefied petroleum gas.
- the present invention also relates to a method of operating a motor vehicle wherein the motor is fed with the inventive fuel composition, a method of operating a gas burner wherein the burner is fed with the inventive fuel composition, and a method of cutting and/or welding metallic materials using the inventive fuel composition.
- the density of natural gas is significantly lower than the density of air.
- the density of acetylene is close to the density of air, while that of propane and propylene gases exceed the density of air.
- the density of the gas used is important because in case of leak, natural gas is not likely to form low concave buildup and therefore reducing the risks of explosion.
- the relative density of natural gas is much lower than the density of air. Therefore, the leaked natural gas can be quickly volatilized, which allows a safer use of natural gas in small and relatively closed spaces.
- the explosion range of natural gas is narrow, as compared with that of acetylene explosion range, so the safety is much higher.
- the ignition point of natural gas is higher than that of acetylene, propane and propylene. Therefore, for igniting natural gas, use should be made of an open flame, so that it is not safe to ignite the gas due to sporadic low-temperature fire.
- Liquefied petroleum gas also referred to as LPG
- advantages which are similar to those of natural gas when compared with acetylene.
- natural gas and LPG are composed of naturally occurring hydrocarbons.
- Acetylene needs to be produced which consumes a lot of electricity and coke, as well as a lot of pollutants.
- acetylene is burned black smoke is produced, which is not the case with natural gas and LPG.
- Oxyfuel processes use oxygen and a fuel gas in order to cut or weld metals. Such processes are essentially based on a chemical reaction between pure oxygen and metal to form metal oxide at an elevated temperature. Such thermal cutting and welding processes are widely used in industry. They allow for example cutting metal plates having thicknesses ranging up to 500 mm or more.
- the cutting process uses a mixture of oxygen and hydrocarbon fuel gas to preheat the metal to its 'ignition' temperature (for instance 700°C - 900°C for steel) but well below its melting point.
- a cutting oxygen stream is then directed at the preheated spot, causing rapid oxidation of the heated metal. This generates large amount of heat due to exothermicity of the reaction. This heat supports continued oxidation of the metal as the cut progresses.
- Combusted gas and the pressurized oxygen jet flush the molten oxide away, exposing fresh surfaces for cutting.
- the metal in the path of the oxygen jet burns. The cut progresses, making a narrow slot, or kerf, through
- the fuel gas mainly used in oxyfuel processes has been acetylene, because il allows reaching the highest flame temperatures and achieving the highest cutting/welding speed.
- Other fuel cutting or welding fuel gases are propane, propylene, natural gas, etc.
- the flame temperatures produced by these fuels (in oxygen) are substantially lower compared to acetylene.
- the maximum flame temperatures for propane and natural gas in oxygen are about 2810°C and 2770°C respectively whereas acetylene allows reaching flame temperatures up to 3160°C.
- acetylene has many drawbacks. In particular it is expensive, difficult to store and to transport, requires the use of almost pure oxygen for cutting ferrous metals and forms persistently adherent slag. Back firing is another drawback often encountered while using an oxyacetylene flame. As acetylene explodes when subjected to high pressures, oxyacetylene flame cannot be used under deep water at depths greater than 20 feet under water.
- LPG liquefied petroleum gas
- WO 2008/072254 discloses a hydrocarbon fuel composition useful in oxyfuel processes comprising at least 99% by weight of a base gas such as liquefied petroleum gas and additives comprising 2 to 50 ppm organometallic compound, 100 to 5000 ppm aniline or substituted aniline and 100 to 5000 ppm toluidine.
- a base gas such as liquefied petroleum gas and additives comprising 2 to 50 ppm organometallic compound, 100 to 5000 ppm aniline or substituted aniline and 100 to 5000 ppm toluidine.
- WO 2020/208646 discloses an additive composition for oxyfuel applications (in particular wherein the fuel is a liquefied petroleum gas), comprising:
- organometallic compounds such compositions are toxic for the environment and the burning thereof generates polluting emissions.
- one object of the present invention is to provide a LPG composition useful for cutting and welding applications, which provides an increased efficiency and in particular an increased burning speed.
- composition shall also be suitable for use in other applications including as a fuel for motor vehicles and for burners.
- LPG compositions containing a particular additive as defined below provided unexpected benefits when used as a fuel in an oxyfuel process.
- the Applicant has also discovered that the benefits of such a fuel composition were not limited to oxyfuel applications, and that the composition could also be used as a fuel for other applications such as -and not limited to- fuel for motor vehicles for example for two-wheeled and three-wheeled motor vehicles, and fuel for feeding gas burners in particular for heating and cooking applications.
- one object of the present invention is a hydrocarbon fuel composition
- a hydrocarbon fuel composition comprising liquefied petroleum gas and an additive selected from the compounds having formula (I) below and mixtures of such compounds: R-Ph-(OCH 2 CH 2 ) n -OH (I) wherein
- the fuel composition according to the invention is easy to produce and to handle.
- the additive of formula (I) provides a catalytic combustion-supporting effect, so that the flame temperature is increased, the preheating time is reduced and the burning speed is increased. Accelerating the oxidation (burning) of iron and oxygen increases the cutting speed, reduces the consumption of fuel and of oxygen, reduces the CO emissions and provides a better environmental protection and safety.
- the fuel composition of the invention further contains one or more antioxidant agents selected from the compounds comprising in their structure an alkyl-phenol group and/or phosphate or phosphite antioxidant agent(s).
- Another object of the present invention is an additive composition comprising:
- Another object of the invention is a process for cutting or welding a metallic material wherein a fuel composition as defined above is heated as a flame which is directed to said metallic material with an oxygen jet in order to achieve cutting or welding thereof.
- the present invention also relates to a method of operating a motor vehicle, comprising supplying a fuel composition as defined above to said motor, and burning the fuel composition into the motor.
- the present invention also relates to a method of operating a gas burner, comprising supplying a fuel composition as defined above to said burner, and burning the fuel composition into the burner.
- C N compound or group designates a compound or a group containing in its chemical structure N carbon atoms.
- the fuel base The fuel base :
- the fuel composition of the invention contains liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as base fuel.
- LPG liquefied petroleum gas
- LPG consists of a mixture of hydrocarbons containing 3 and 4 carbon atoms, which composition may vary depending from the origin of the LPG.
- LPG generally contains propane and butanes (n-butane and/or iso-butane).
- the LPG may further contain C3 and/or C4 olefins such as propylene, 1-butene, 2-butene, iso-butylene and butadiene.
- the fuel composition of the present invention preferably contains an amount of LPG of at least 90% by weight, more preferably at least 95% by weight, and even more preferably at least 98% by weight, and even better at least 99% by weight, with respect of the total weight of the composition.
- the amount of LPG ranges from 90 to 99.9% by weight, more preferably from 95 to 99.5% by weight, with respect of the total weight of the composition.
- the fuel composition of the invention contains an additive which is selected from the compounds having the following formula (I): R-Ph-(OCH 2 CH 2 ) n -OH (I) wherein
- R hydrocarbon chain may be chosen in particular from hydroxy groups (-OH), hydroxyalkyl groups of formula -O-R' wherein R' denotes a C 1 to C 4 alkyl radical, amino groups of formula -NR 1 R 2 wherein R 1 and R 2 independently one from another denote a hydrogen atom or a C 1 to C 4 alkyl radical.
- R represents a linear or branched saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group comprising from 8 to 24 carbon atoms, preferably from 10 to 22 carbon atoms, even more preferably from 12 to 18 carbon atoms and even better from 14 to 16 carbon atoms.
- R represents a linear saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group.
- n preferably ranges from 1 to 5, preferably from 2 to 4 and most preferably n denotes 2 or 3.
- the benzene ring Ph meets the formula C6H4.
- the groups -R and -(OCH 2 CH 2 ) n -OH may be positioned on the benzene ring in ortho, meta or para position relative to each other. The meta position is preferred.
- the compounds of formula (I) are chosen from those having developed formula (Ia) below: wherein R and n are as defined above, including preferred embodiments detailed hereabove.
- Particularly preferred compounds of formula (Ia) are bis-ethoxylated cardanol, tris-ethoxylated cardanol and mixtures thereof. Tris-ethoxylated cardanol is particularly preferred.
- the fuel composition of the invention contains a total amount of additive(s) of formula (I) preferably ranging from 0.01% to 0.5% by weight, preferably from 0.02% to 0.3% by weight, and most preferably from 0.03 to 0.2% by weight relative to the total weight of the fuel composition.
- the fuel composition of the invention contains a total amount of additive(s) of formula (Ia) ranging from 0.01% to 0,5% by weight, preferably from 0.02% to 0.3% by weight, and most preferably from 0.03 to 0.2% by weight relative to the total weight of the fuel composition.
- the fuel composition of the invention contains a total amount of bis-ethoxylated cardanol, tris-ethoxylated cardanol and mixtures thereof ranging from 0.01% to 0,5% by weight, preferably from 0.02% to 0.3% by weight, and most preferably from 0.03 to 0.2% by weight relative to the total weight of the fuel composition.
- the second additive (phenolic antioxidant agent), optional:
- the fuel composition used in accordance with the present invention further comprises a second additive consisting of an antioxidant agent selected from the compounds comprising in their structure an alkyl-phenol group.
- antioxidant agents are different from the compounds of formula (I) described above.
- alkyl-phenol group it is meant a phenol group (that is to say, a benzene group substituted by one or more free hydroxy -OH group(s), in particular which is (are) not oxyalkylated), which is substituted by one or more alkyl groups.
- said antioxidant agents are selected from compounds comprising one or two phenolic group(s) which are substituted by one or more alkyl groups in C 1 to C 4 and preferably one or more alkyl groups selected from methyl, ethyl and t-butyl (tert-butyl).
- antioxidant agents are selected from methyl-t-butyl phenols, dimethyl-t-butyl phenols, ethyl-t-butyl phenols, t-butyl phenols, di-t-butyl phenols, tri-t-butyl phenols, di-t-butyl- di-methylphenols.
- antioxidant agents are selected from 2,6 di-t-butyl-4 methyl phenol (BHT), 4,6- di-tert-butyl-2-methylphenol, t-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ), 2,6 di-t-butyl phenol, 2,4 di-t-butyl phenol, 2,4-dimethyl-6-t-butyl phenol, 2,4,6- tri-t-butyl phenol, 2,3,6-trimethyl phenol, 2,4,6-trimethyl phenol, 4,4'-methylene bis(2,6-di-t-butyl phenol) ( CAS No.
- 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)phenol and mixtures thereof, and even most preferably from 2,6 di-t-butyl phenol, 2,4 di-t-butyl phenol, 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)phenol, and mixtures thereof.
- the fuel composition according to the invention may advantageously comprise said phenolic antioxidant agent(s) in a total content ranging from 2 to 500 ppm, preferably from 5 to 250 ppm, and more preferably from 10 to 150 ppm by weight, relative to the total weight of the fuel composition.
- the fuel composition used in accordance with the present invention may also comprise one or more additional additives, different from the additives of formula (I) and of the phenolic antioxidant agents described above.
- the fuel composition further contains one or more amino antioxidant agent(s), which may be selected from aliphatic, cycloaliphatic and aromatic amines.
- 4-alkyl-N-(4-alkylphenyl)anilines such as in particular 4-octyl-N-(4-octylphenyl)aniline and 4-nonyl-N-(4-nonylphenyl)aniline.
- the amino antioxidant agent(s) may be present in a content ranging from 0.5 to 1000 ppm, preferably from 1 to 500 ppm, and more preferably from 2 to 100 ppm by weight, relative to the total weight of the fuel composition.
- the fuel composition further contains one or more phosphate or phosphite antioxidant agent(s), which may be selected from tris(alkylphenyl)phosphates and tris(alkylphenyl)phosphites. Mention may be made in particular of tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphate and tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite.
- the phosphate and phosphite antioxidant agent(s) may be present in a total content ranging from 0.2 to 50 ppm, preferably from 0.5 to 25 ppm, and more preferably from 1 to 20 ppm by weight, relative to the total weight of the fuel composition.
- the fuel composition may further contain any other type of additives, which may be chosen among the additives usually used in LPG fuel composition such as in particular lubricity improvers.
- additives usually used in LPG fuel composition such as in particular lubricity improvers.
- One skilled in the art will be able to select appropriate additives without departing from the scope of the invention.
- the invention further concerns an additive composition comprising:
- the composition further comprises one or more amino antioxidant agent(s) as described above.
- the additive composition contains an organic solvent.
- Preferred solvents are chosen from aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons such as the solvents available under the commercial names Solvesso, and solvents comprising mixtures or paraffinic and aromatic compounds such as the solvents available under the commercial names Spirdane. Mention may also be made hydrocarbon fractions including naphtha, kerosene, gasoline and diesel fractions.
- the additive compositions contains:
- the process of the invention involves forming a flame by combustion of the composition of the invention and applying said flame together with a jet of oxygen onto pieces of metals in order to achieve cutting or welding thereof.
- the flame heats the metal locally so that it is transformed into its oxide form and the resulting heated metal oxide is pushed off by the jet of oxygen.
- the fuel composition of the invention is also perfectly suitable for feeding all types of motors using LPG as fuel, such as in particular motors present in vehicles.
- the vehicle is a three-wheels vehicle, and more preferably a motor rickshaw (tuk-tuk).
- the fuel composition of the invention is also perfectly suitable for feeding all types of gas burners whether they are used in industrial, collective or domestic applications.
- Such gas burners include for example heating burners and cooking burners, and preferably heating burners.
- CNC computer numerical control
- a fuel composition was prepared by mixing 55 ml of the above additive with 30.45 1 of liquefied petroleum gas.
- the fuel composition was tested for oxy-cutting a 56 mm plate of mild steel, IS:2062 grade.
- the cutting speed was increased step by step while keeping an acceptable quality of surface finish as approved by a cutting expert.
- composition of the invention allowed achieving a maximum cutting speed of 250 mm/min which is very high, while providing a cut surface having a perfect finish.
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Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP22151838.4A EP4212607A1 (de) | 2022-01-17 | 2022-01-17 | Lpg-brennstoffzusammensetzungen, additive dafür und deren verwendung |
PCT/EP2023/050984 WO2023135325A1 (en) | 2022-01-17 | 2023-01-17 | Lpg fuel compositions, additives therefor and uses thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP22151838.4A EP4212607A1 (de) | 2022-01-17 | 2022-01-17 | Lpg-brennstoffzusammensetzungen, additive dafür und deren verwendung |
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EP4212607A1 true EP4212607A1 (de) | 2023-07-19 |
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EP22151838.4A Pending EP4212607A1 (de) | 2022-01-17 | 2022-01-17 | Lpg-brennstoffzusammensetzungen, additive dafür und deren verwendung |
Country Status (2)
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EP (1) | EP4212607A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2023135325A1 (de) |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5782936A (en) * | 1997-04-23 | 1998-07-21 | Suburban Propane, L.P. | Additive compositions for LPG fuel |
CN1431282A (zh) * | 2003-01-26 | 2003-07-23 | 徐连蕴 | 金属焊割气及其制备方法 |
CN1523085A (zh) * | 2003-05-17 | 2004-08-25 | 吉化集团公司 | 汽车用液化石油气的添加剂 |
WO2008072254A2 (en) | 2006-11-01 | 2008-06-19 | Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited | Hydrocarbon fuel compositions |
WO2020208646A1 (en) | 2019-04-10 | 2020-10-15 | Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited | Fuel additive composition, fuel composition, and process for preparation thereof |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7473283B2 (en) * | 2002-06-26 | 2009-01-06 | Indian Oil Corporation, Limited | Fuel additive composition for stabilising blends of ethanol and a hydrocarbon |
CN113667703B (zh) * | 2021-08-05 | 2023-07-25 | 湖南省农业科学院 | 一种酱油渣甘油酯、农用植物油乳剂及其制备方法和应用 |
-
2022
- 2022-01-17 EP EP22151838.4A patent/EP4212607A1/de active Pending
-
2023
- 2023-01-17 WO PCT/EP2023/050984 patent/WO2023135325A1/en unknown
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5782936A (en) * | 1997-04-23 | 1998-07-21 | Suburban Propane, L.P. | Additive compositions for LPG fuel |
CN1431282A (zh) * | 2003-01-26 | 2003-07-23 | 徐连蕴 | 金属焊割气及其制备方法 |
CN1523085A (zh) * | 2003-05-17 | 2004-08-25 | 吉化集团公司 | 汽车用液化石油气的添加剂 |
WO2008072254A2 (en) | 2006-11-01 | 2008-06-19 | Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited | Hydrocarbon fuel compositions |
WO2020208646A1 (en) | 2019-04-10 | 2020-10-15 | Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited | Fuel additive composition, fuel composition, and process for preparation thereof |
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WO2023135325A1 (en) | 2023-07-20 |
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