EP4176591A1 - Émetteur électroacoustique commandé par invariance - Google Patents

Émetteur électroacoustique commandé par invariance

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Publication number
EP4176591A1
EP4176591A1 EP21733058.8A EP21733058A EP4176591A1 EP 4176591 A1 EP4176591 A1 EP 4176591A1 EP 21733058 A EP21733058 A EP 21733058A EP 4176591 A1 EP4176591 A1 EP 4176591A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
signal
additional
playback
input signal
weakened
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP21733058.8A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Par Clemens
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
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Publication of EP4176591A1 publication Critical patent/EP4176591A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS 
    • H04S7/00—Indicating arrangements; Control arrangements, e.g. balance control
    • H04S7/30—Control circuits for electronic adaptation of the sound field
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS 
    • H04S3/00—Systems employing more than two channels, e.g. quadraphonic
    • H04S3/008—Systems employing more than two channels, e.g. quadraphonic in which the audio signals are in digital form, i.e. employing more than two discrete digital channels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS 
    • H04S2420/00—Techniques used stereophonic systems covered by H04S but not provided for in its groups
    • H04S2420/01—Enhancing the perception of the sound image or of the spatial distribution using head related transfer functions [HRTF's] or equivalents thereof, e.g. interaural time difference [ITD] or interaural level difference [ILD]

Definitions

  • the optimized acquisition, the optimized transmission or the optimized recalculation (including coding) of spatial audio signals are either head-related, by means of acoustic measurement of the human head shape (Head Related Transfer Functions, HRTFs), or speaker-related, by the distribution of the audio signal to a referential array of speakers (such as ITU-T 5.1 Surround or NHK 22.2).
  • HRTFs Head Related Transfer Functions
  • speaker-related by the distribution of the audio signal to a referential array of speakers (such as ITU-T 5.1 Surround or NHK 22.2).
  • WO2016030545 (“Comparison or Optimization of Signals Using the Covariance of Algebraic Invariants")
  • WO2015173422 (“Method and Apparatus for Generating an Upmix from a Downmix Without Residuals")
  • WO2015128379 (“Coding and Decoding of a Low Frequency Channel in an Audio Multi Channel Signal")
  • WO2015128376 Autonomous Residual Determination and Yield of Low-residual Additional Signals”
  • WO2015049332 (“Derivation of Multichannel Signals from Two or More Basic Signals”)
  • WO2015049334 (“Method and Apparatus for Downmixing a Multichannel Signal and for Upmixing a Downmix Signal")
  • WO2014072513 Non-linear Inverse Coding of Multichannel Signals”
  • WO2012032178 Apparatus and Method for the Time-oriented Evaluation and Optimization of Stereophonie or Pseudostereophonic
  • WO2016030545 (“Comparison or Optimization of Signals Using the Covariance of Algebraic Invariants”) together with WO2012016992 (“Device and Method for Evaluating and Optimizing Signals on the Basis of Algebraic Invariants”) describes the so-called par- Hilbert invariants, these remaining subject to orthogonal projections onto algebraic cones, which throughout can be viewed as principal components of the shape of the human pinna reflecting the sound. In any case, these invariances are part of the human acquired understanding of space and remain linked to the human anatomy of each individual because they are head-related.
  • HRTFs can be generated from original loudspeaker signals with an accuracy of more than 99 percent by means of so-called convolution in the frequency domain ("frequency domain ), mostly by means of FFT or QMF, in successively calculated time windows, whereby the
  • the transmission curve of the headphones used also based on the state of the art, must also be taken into account.
  • ECMA-416 also operates in the frequency domain and therefore cannot solve the problem of increased latency.
  • the broadcaster agnostically, wanted a stereo signal that could be played directly and ideally for all applications: for headphones and at the same time for loudspeakers, namely for stereo, for surround and for three-dimensional loudspeaker setups, in real time.
  • the so-called substitution determinant is immediately recognizable, by which the stereo signal, which was subsequently subjected to a z-transformation, differs from its original Par Hilbert invariants of order 1 with regard to its three-dimensionality.
  • both human auricles (after a long natural selection) correspond to a forward double cone including its polarity reversal, thus exactly the algebraic cones FIG. 1 to 3.
  • ITDs interaural time differences
  • IIDs interaural intensity differences
  • CC-HRTFs ritical Cue Head Related Transfer Functions
  • the bandwidths of the bark scale suggest, according to the invention, that instead of measuring the HRTFs, the diameter of the head should be reduced (for example by around 10%) without the Localization changes critically, but does not vary the measuring point of the CC-HRFT (ear opening) (this criterion is already met by a silicone tube protruding approx. 1 cm per ear opening). See FIG. 7.
  • the speakers BtFL and BtFR on the floor are now added to the stereo speakers FL and FR, offset by 90° above.
  • the loudspeakers BL and BR are added to the rear (with polarity reversal for Stero), for example as with ITU-R 5.1 Surround, and offset by 90° upwards, BtBL and BtBR are also added on the floor as a complement.
  • N.B. A variant is, for example, the omission of BL and BR and the attachment of BtBL and BtBR at the same level as FL and FR, without changing the principle of action essentially. All possible installation variants are therefore part of the subject matter of the invention.
  • N.B. Another remarkably powerful variant is, for example, the additional omission of BtFL and BtFR, which means that in addition to the front speakers FL and FR, at least two speakers have to be moved up by 90° to enable the technical effect of a reconstruction of the room.
  • All loudspeakers but in particular BtFL and BtFR as well as BtBL and BtBR, can be subjected to equalization so that the spatial sound components are emphasized. This can be achieved trivially by simply covering the loudspeakers BtFL and BtFR as well as BtBL and BtBR with a cloth each.
  • an artificial head is a stereo microphone modeled on the human anatomy of the head, in which the microphone membrane of a spherical microphone measures the incident sound in each outer ear instead of the eardrum in its position.
  • the signals measured in this way are referred to as HRTFs.
  • an artificial head of the form FIG. 7 newly measured the so-called CC-HRTFs, derived from HRTFs.
  • the CC-HRTFs are equivalent to L' and R' in Figures 11 and 12.
  • FIG. 11 and 12 show formed as follows:
  • the sound engineer then usually increases the high frequency range using microphones or an equalizer, while the bark scale also suggests increasing the CC-HRTFs.
  • Bark Scale suggests adding the CC-HRTFs to the output signal in terms of their physical overtones in order to increase their robustness.
  • a so-called octave filter (1109a and 1109b or 1209a and 1209b of our application examples) already does this, for example.
  • An octave filter is the specific form of a frequency filter whose cut-off frequencies are in a constant ratio of 2:1.
  • the octave filter can be calibrated according to technical criteria (improvement of the binaural image of the measured HRTFs or CC-HRTFs, for example by raising the octave with the center frequency of 4000Hz by 3dB) as well as according to aesthetic criteria.
  • the transmitter generally remains constant in its parameters, so all components can be calibrated before continuous operation. In particular, binaural information loss can only be determined empirically. The setting of the parameters "by ear" before continuous operation is thus intrinsically given and should not entail any objection to clarity.
  • the resulting output signal (1110a and 1110b or 1210a and 1210b in our application examples) has the following properties in the experiment:
  • the added CC-HRTFs allow this
  • FIG. 1 to 4 cite WO2016030545 ("Comparison or Optimization of Signals Using the Covariance of Algebraic Invariants") with regard to algebraic cones which allow construction of the Par Hilbert invariants for order 1 (two-dimensionality).
  • FIG. 5 represents an artificial head (“manikin”) and at the same time shows with reference to FIG. 2 that the human ear shape FIG. 1 to 3 remains modeled for the detection of invariants. This is two-dimensional for each auricle. The legend shows the elements of the localization of a sound event in space.
  • an artificial head is a stereo microphone modeled on the human anatomy of the head, in which the microphone membrane of a spherical microphone measures the incident sound in each outer ear instead of the eardrum in its position.
  • the signals measured in this way are referred to as HRTFs.
  • FIG. 6 shows the outer ear in a separate sketch and again illustrates the appearance of the algebraic cone FIG. 1 to 3 as principal components of the structure of the auricle.
  • FIG. 4 refers to the critical level of the depicted invariants, and is not related to the pinna but to our cerebral functions and the cochlea.
  • Fig. 7 shows the measurement of CC-HRTFs via a silicone tube protruding approx. 1cm in an artificial head. ⁇ turns out to be a value of 1cm, provided the artificial head is placed in the sweet spot, according to the following FIG. 8, as appropriately robust, as shown in the description above.
  • FIG. Figure 8 shows one possible arrangement for obtaining the CC-HRTFs as described above and below.
  • FIG. 9 shows an all-pass filter according to the prior art, see also above in the description.
  • FIG. 10 shows the so-called Bark Scale, which experimentally records the critical frequencies based on the structure of the cochlea.
  • FIG. 11 shows the addition of the signal components, which leads to a simultaneous calculation and transmission for headphones and at the same time for loudspeakers, namely for stereo, for surround and for three-dimensional loudspeaker setups, in real time, see above and below.
  • FIG. 12 shows a second embodiment variant for ITU-R BS.775-15.1 Surround.
  • the CC-HRTFs are measured with an artificial head which, in contrast to the prior art, has a diameter reduced by around 10%, see FIG. 7.
  • D denotes the difference between the original natural head radius and the reduced head radius.
  • the auditory canal of the left ear entrance shown is lengthened by D using a protruding silicone tube in order to restore the natural right ear distance.
  • the ear canal of the right ear entrance is lengthened by D using a protruding silicone tube in order to restore the natural right ear distance.
  • the left diaphragm shown is never replaced by a left omnidirectional microphone membrane in the conventional artificial head, so that the associated left omnidirectional microphone of appropriate impedance records the sound event L' in the sweet spot of a non-anechoic room.
  • the right diaphragm appears to be replaced by a right omnidirectional microphone membrane, so that the associated right omnidirectional microphone of appropriate impedance records the sound event R' in the sweet spot of a non-anechoic room.
  • the front loudspeakers FL and FR see FIG. 8, supplemented by at least two additional loudspeakers offset upwards by 90° compared to these front loudspeakers, such as BtFL and BtFR, for the binaural measurement signal L' and R' we also speak of a left CC-HRTF signal L' and a right CC- HRTF signal R'.
  • Two such arrangements are shown in FIG. 11 and FIG. 12 as exemplary embodiments of the invention.
  • a preferred first embodiment of the invention consists in an apparatus for analog acquisition of the CC-HRTF in real time, see FIG. 11.
  • an artificial head (1101) is used, the diameter of which has been reduced by about 10%, while maintaining the bark scale, than the natural human head has, see FIG. 7, equipped with two silicone hoses that protrude about 1cm beyond the ear cups to measure the CC-HRTFs.
  • the diaphragm of the human ear remains replaced by a microphone of corresponding impedance in the usual way, as in the case of an artificial head, see also the above definition of the term artificial head according to the prior art.
  • the artificial head (1101 or FIG. 7) is placed in the sweet spot of an anechoic room (1102) with a loudspeaker arrangement, for example of the form FIG. 8 placed.
  • a stereo signal is encoded by ECMA-407 as a mono signal plus 2kbps payload, and this is output directly via a left front speaker FL and a right front speaker FR after standard-compliant decoding (1103).
  • the "signal analysis” is preferably carried out by determining selected points on the basis of invariants of the first signal and determining a signal analysis parameter on the basis of the covariance of the selected points of the first signal with the second signal.
  • the output signal formed in the decoder is formed by targeted amplification and delay of the mono signal and output as a stereo signal L and R.
  • N.B. Sound reflections in the room are formed, among other things, as the so-called 1st and 2nd main reflection.
  • the frequency spectrum of these two main reflections shows spectral losses.
  • An equalizer e.g. a graphic or parametric equalizer
  • an equalizer In general, an equalizer consists of several filters that can be used to process the spectrum of the input signal. An equalizer is usually used to correct linear distortions in a signal. Essentially, the following two designs exist.
  • each frequency band that can be influenced is assigned its own controller (as an independent device, this has 26 to 33, typically 31 frequency bands, each 1/3 octave wide), so that the course of the frequency correction is displayed "graphically" by the controls.
  • the center frequency and the amplitude change can be set for one or more frequency bands (full parametric equalizer).
  • the frequency loss of the 1st main reflection compared to the original signal is now simulated using such an equalizing (1104a) (this can trivially be achieved by covering the loudspeakers BtFL and BtFR, as well as the loudspeakers BtBL and BtBR with a cloth each), and the resulting left one ECMA-407 output signal after such equalization radiated upwards directly or attenuated via a lower left loudspeaker BtFL placed on the floor and offset upwards by 90° compared to FL.
  • the resulting right ECMA-407 output signal after such equalization (1104b) is radiated upwards directly or attenuated via a lower right loudspeaker BtFR placed on the floor and offset upwards by 90° compared to FR.
  • the frequency loss of the 1st or 2nd main reflection compared to the original signal is simulated by equalizing (1105a) (this can trivially be achieved by covering the loudspeakers BtFL and BtFR, as well as the loudspeakers BtBL and BtBR each with a cloth), and the resulting
  • the left ECMA-407 output signal after equalizing and adjusting the volume, is fed with reversed polarity (1106a) to the rear left loudspeaker BL at ear level, which was rotated by 180° with respect to FL.
  • the resulting right ECMA-407 output signal after such equalizing (1105b) and adjusting the volume, is fed with reversed polarity (1106b) to the rear right loudspeaker BR at ear level, which has been rotated by 180° with respect to FR.
  • the frequency loss of the 1st or 2nd main reflection compared to the original signal is simulated via equalization (1107a), and the resulting reversed polarity, rear left ECMA-407 output signal after such equalization and adjustment of the volume (1108a) directly via a lower left, opposite BL 90° upwards, placed on the floor, loudspeaker BtBL radiated upwards.
  • the resulting reverse polarity, rear right ECMA-407 output signal is radiated directly upwards via a lower right loudspeaker BtBR placed on the floor and offset 90° above BR .
  • Algebraic invariants or “invariances” are defined as the intersections of any selected diagonal running through the origin with the cathode ray of the goniometer (stereo vision device), as defined in WO2016030545, which our brain uses to localize a sound event, regardless of the recording method used, and this both in speaker-related as well as head-related recording techniques.
  • the CC-HRTFs are additionally expanded using the bark scale, for example using an octave filter (1109a and 1109b), in that the overtones of the according to FIG. 8 identified CC-HRTFs.
  • the setting is also based on aesthetic aspects.
  • the transducer generally remains constant, so all components can be calibrated by measurement or acoustic comparison before continuous operation.
  • the transmitter itself operates in real time.
  • real-time is the "operation of a computer system in which programs for processing incoming data are constantly ready for operation in such a way that the processing results are available within a specified period of time.
  • the data can be Use cases occur after a random distribution or at predeterminable times.”
  • the resulting stereo signal (1110a and 1110b) is made up as follows: A low-pass filter (1111a and 1111b) seamlessly inserts FL and FR below 120Hz into the resulting stereo output signal from our arrangement. A high-pass filter (1112a and 1112b) adds FL and FR in an attenuated form (1113a and 1113b) and with equalization below the critical limit at which, together with the measured CC-HRFTs, localization in the head would occur with headphone operation.
  • the measured CC-HRTFs are added (1114a and 1114b) via a high-pass filter (1115a and 1115b) in such a way that they fully satisfy the sound engineer's efforts to prefer treble imaging.
  • a preferred second embodiment of the invention consists in an apparatus for analogue acquisition of the CC-HRTF in real time, see FIG. 12.
  • an artificial head (1201) is used, the diameter of which has been reduced by approx. 10% under feeding the bark scale than the natural human head has, see FIG. 7, equipped with two silicone hoses that protrude about 1/2 inch beyond the ear cups to pick up the CC-HRTFs.
  • the diaphragm of the human ear is replaced by a microphone with the appropriate impedance in the usual way, as with conventional artificial heads.
  • the artificial head (1201) is placed in the sweet spot of an anechoic room (1202) with a loudspeaker arrangement of the form FIG. 8, which is expanded by a frontally arranged center channel C.
  • An arrangement for ITU-R BS.775-1 5.1 Surround can easily be seen.
  • a surround signal is encoded (1203) by ECMA-407 and, after decoding, is output as follows: C is output through center speaker C .
  • L is output through the speaker FL.
  • R is output through speaker FR.
  • LS is output through speaker BL.
  • RS is output through speaker BR.
  • the frequency loss of the 1st main reflection compared to the original signal is simulated by equalizing (1204a) (this can trivially be achieved by covering the loudspeakers BtFL and BtFR, as well as the loudspeakers BtBL and BtBR each with a cloth), and the resulting ECMA-407 -Output signal L after such equalization is radiated upwards directly or attenuated via a lower left loudspeaker BtFL placed on the floor and offset upwards by 90° compared to FL.
  • the resulting ECMA-407 output signal R after such equalization (1204b) is radiated upwards directly or attenuated via a lower right loudspeaker BtFR placed on the floor and offset upwards by 90° compared to FR.
  • the downmixer 1107 corresponds to Table 2 of ITU-R BS.775-1 for a stereo downmix in 2/0 format, ie for the left downmix channel L* (1108a) and the right downmix channel R* (1108b) the equations apply
  • R* R + 0.7071 * C + 0.7071 * RS
  • the measurement signals L' and R' (the CC-HRTFs) of our artificial head are additionally expanded in a next step using the bark scale, for example using an octave filter (1209a and 1209b) by specifically amplifying the overtones of L' and R'.
  • the resulting stereo signal (1210a and 1210b) is composed as follows: A low-pass filter (1211a and 1211b) seamlessly inserts the downmix signal L* and R* below 120Hz into the resulting stereo output signal of our arrangement. A high-pass filter (1212a and 1212b) adds L* and R* in an attenuated form (1213a and 1213b) below the critical limit at which, together with L' and R' (the measured CC-HRTFs), localization in the Head occurs with headphone operation.
  • L' and R' are added (1214a and 1214b) via a high-pass filter (1215a and 1215b) in such a way that they completely satisfy the sound engineer's efforts to prefer the high frequencies.
  • FIG. 8 in real time by calibrating all components of, for example, FIG. 11 or FIG. 12 can be reached.
  • an all-pass filter can also be inserted for each speaker rotated by 90°.
  • the same considerations as above apply with regard to the invariances.
  • HRTFs can be calculated in real time by convolution, see above.
  • CC-HRTFs so that an arrangement according to FiG. 8 can be omitted a forteriori with appropriate calculation and automation, see above.
  • Such calculations and automations are therefore part of the subject matter of the invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Stereophonic System (AREA)

Abstract

La détermination d'invariants Par-Hilbert est un moyen fiable dans la zone de transmission en temps réel de signaux audio spatiaux. Les CC-HRTF permettent un modèle stable inverse de la perception spatiale à la fois sur des écouteurs et sur des haut-parleurs tout en permettant une localisation distincte dans un espace tridimensionnel.
EP21733058.8A 2020-07-06 2021-06-03 Émetteur électroacoustique commandé par invariance Pending EP4176591A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20075008.1A EP3937515A1 (fr) 2020-07-06 2020-07-06 Émetteur électroacoustique à commande d'invariance
PCT/EP2021/000069 WO2022008092A1 (fr) 2020-07-06 2021-06-03 Émetteur électroacoustique commandé par invariance

Publications (1)

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EP4176591A1 true EP4176591A1 (fr) 2023-05-10

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EP20075008.1A Withdrawn EP3937515A1 (fr) 2020-07-06 2020-07-06 Émetteur électroacoustique à commande d'invariance
EP21733058.8A Pending EP4176591A1 (fr) 2020-07-06 2021-06-03 Émetteur électroacoustique commandé par invariance

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EP20075008.1A Withdrawn EP3937515A1 (fr) 2020-07-06 2020-07-06 Émetteur électroacoustique à commande d'invariance

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EP (2) EP3937515A1 (fr)
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Family Cites Families (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1850639A1 (fr) 2006-04-25 2007-10-31 Clemens Par Système générateur de signaux audio multiples à partir d'au moins un signal audio
EP2124486A1 (fr) 2008-05-13 2009-11-25 Clemens Par Dispositif fonctionnant en dépendance d'un angle ou méthode de génerer un signal audio pseudostéréophonique
KR20120066006A (ko) 2009-07-22 2012-06-21 슈트로밍스위스 게엠베하 스테레오포닉 또는 슈도―스테레오포닉 오디오 신호의 최적화 장치 및 방법
CH703501A2 (de) 2010-08-03 2012-02-15 Stormingswiss Gmbh Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Auswertung und Optimierung von Signalen auf der Basis algebraischer Invarianten.
GB2483498A (en) 2010-09-10 2012-03-14 Miniflex Ltd A water-resistant optical fibre connector with an elastomer sleeve providing both a water seal and a coupling force
CH703771A2 (de) 2010-09-10 2012-03-15 Stormingswiss Gmbh Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur zeitlichen Auswertung und Optimierung von stereophonen oder pseudostereophonen Signalen.
AU2013343445A1 (en) 2012-11-09 2015-07-02 Stormingswiss Sarl Non-linear inverse coding of multichannel signals
KR20160072130A (ko) 2013-10-02 2016-06-22 슈트로밍스위스 게엠베하 2개 이상의 기본 신호로부터 다채널 신호의 유도
JP2016536856A (ja) 2013-10-02 2016-11-24 ストーミングスイス・ゲゼルシャフト・ミト・ベシュレンクテル・ハフツング 二つ以上の基本信号からのマルチチャンネル信号の導出
CH709272A2 (de) 2014-02-28 2015-08-28 Stormingswiss S Rl C O Fidacor S Rl Autonome Residualbestimmung und Gewinnung von residualarmen Zusatzsignalen.
CH709271A2 (de) 2014-02-28 2015-08-28 Stormingswiss S Rl C O Fidacor S Rl Kodierung und Dekodierung eines niederfrequenten Kanals in einem Audiomultikanalsignal.
WO2015173422A1 (fr) 2014-05-15 2015-11-19 Stormingswiss Sàrl Procédé et dispositif pour la réalisation sans résiduelle d'un mixage élévateur à partir d'un mixage réducteur
WO2016030545A2 (fr) 2014-08-29 2016-03-03 Clemens Par Comparaison ou optimisation de signaux sur la base de la covariance d'invariants algébriques

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US20230247381A1 (en) 2023-08-03
EP3937515A1 (fr) 2022-01-12

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