EP4176459A1 - Bedienerunabhängiges kompaktsprungschaltwerk und elektromechanisches schutzschaltgerät - Google Patents
Bedienerunabhängiges kompaktsprungschaltwerk und elektromechanisches schutzschaltgerätInfo
- Publication number
- EP4176459A1 EP4176459A1 EP21746413.0A EP21746413A EP4176459A1 EP 4176459 A1 EP4176459 A1 EP 4176459A1 EP 21746413 A EP21746413 A EP 21746413A EP 4176459 A1 EP4176459 A1 EP 4176459A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- moving contact
- switching
- action
- compact
- operator
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
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- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- IHQKEDIOMGYHEB-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dimethylarsinate Chemical class [Na+].C[As](C)([O-])=O IHQKEDIOMGYHEB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
- H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
- H01H71/50—Manual reset mechanisms which may be also used for manual release
- H01H71/52—Manual reset mechanisms which may be also used for manual release actuated by lever
- H01H71/526—Manual reset mechanisms which may be also used for manual release actuated by lever the lever forming a toggle linkage with a second lever, the free end of which is directly and releasably engageable with a contact structure
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
- H01H71/02—Housings; Casings; Bases; Mountings
- H01H71/0264—Mountings or coverplates for complete assembled circuit breakers, e.g. snap mounting in panel
- H01H71/0271—Mounting several complete assembled circuit breakers together
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H1/00—Contacts
- H01H1/50—Means for increasing contact pressure, preventing vibration of contacts, holding contacts together after engagement, or biasing contacts to the open position
- H01H2001/508—Means for increasing contact pressure, preventing vibration of contacts, holding contacts together after engagement, or biasing contacts to the open position with mechanical means to prevent return/reverse movement of movable contact once opening or closing cycle has started
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H2300/00—Orthogonal indexing scheme relating to electric switches, relays, selectors or emergency protective devices covered by H01H
- H01H2300/046—Orthogonal indexing scheme relating to electric switches, relays, selectors or emergency protective devices covered by H01H using snap closing mechanisms
- H01H2300/048—Snap closing by latched movable contact, wherein the movable contact is held in a minimal distance from the fixed contact during first phase of closing sequence in which a closing spring is charged
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H5/00—Snap-action arrangements, i.e. in which during a single opening operation or a single closing operation energy is first stored and then released to produce or assist the contact movement
- H01H5/04—Energy stored by deformation of elastic members
- H01H5/045—Energy stored by deformation of elastic members making use of cooperating spring loaded wedging or camming parts between operating member and contact structure
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
- H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
- H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
- H01H71/24—Electromagnetic mechanisms
- H01H71/2463—Electromagnetic mechanisms with plunger type armatures
Definitions
- the invention relates to an operator-independent compact snap-action switching mechanism for an electromechanical protective switching device, in particular for a line circuit breaker or a residual current circuit breaker. Furthermore, the invention relates to an electromechanical protective switching device, in particular a line circuit breaker or residual current circuit breaker, which has a corresponding operator-independent compact snap-action switching mechanism.
- Electromechanical protective switching devices for example circuit breakers, miniature circuit breakers, residual current circuit breakers as well as arcing or AFD units - are used to monitor and protect an electrical circuit and are used in particular as switching and safety elements in electrical energy supply and distribution networks.
- the protective switching device is electrically conductively connected to an electrical line of the circuit to be monitored via two or more connection terminals in order to interrupt the electrical current in the respective monitored line if necessary.
- the protective switching device has at least one switching contact which can be opened when a predefined state occurs—for example when a short circuit or a fault current is detected—to separate the monitored circuit from the electrical mains.
- Such protective switching devices are also known as series installation devices in the field of low-voltage technology.
- Circuit breakers are specially designed for high currents.
- a circuit breaker which is also referred to as a “miniature circuit breaker” (MCB)
- MBC miniature circuit breaker
- Circuit breakers and miniature circuit breakers guarantee safe shutdown in the event of a short circuit and protect loads and systems from overload, for example from damage to the electrical lines due to excessive heating as a result of an excessively high electrical current. They are designed to automatically switch off a circuit to be monitored in the event of a short circuit or if an overload occurs and thus to isolate it from the rest of the line network.
- Circuit breakers and line protection switches are therefore used in particular as switching and safety elements for monitoring and protecting an electrical circuit in electrical power supply networks.
- Miniature circuit breakers are known in principle from publications DE 10 2015 217 704 A1, EP 2 980 822 A1, DE 10 2015 213 375 A1, DE 10 2013 211 539 A1 or EP 2 685 482 B1.
- a single-pole circuit breaker To interrupt a single phase line, a single-pole circuit breaker is usually used, which usually has a width of one pitch unit (1TE corresponds to approx. 18mm).
- three-pole miniature circuit breakers are used, which accordingly have a width of three modular widths (corresponds to approx. 54mm).
- Each of the three phase conductors has a pole, i. H . assigned a switching point. If the neutral conductor is to be interrupted in addition to the three phase conductors, this is referred to as a four-pole device, which has four switching points: three for the three phase conductors and one for the common neutral conductor.
- compact miniature circuit breakers which, with a housing width of only one pitch unit, have two switching contacts for one connection line each, d . H . either for two phase lines (compact line circuit breaker of type 1+1 or 2-pole in one TE) or for a phase line and the neutral line ter (compact circuit breaker of type 1+N), provide .
- a residual current circuit breaker is a protective device to ensure protection against a dangerous residual current in an electrical system.
- a residual current which is also referred to as residual current—occurs when a live line section has an electrical contact with earth. This is the case, for example, when a person touches a live part of an electrical system: in this case, the current flows as a fault current through the person's body towards earth. To protect against such body currents, the fault current circuit breaker must quickly and safely disconnect all poles of the electrical system from the mains when such a fault current occurs.
- FI circuit breaker (abbreviated: Fl switch), residual current circuit breaker (abbreviated: DL switch) or RCD (for "Residual Current Protective Device") are equivalent used .
- FI circuit breaker abbreviated: Fl switch
- DL switch residual current circuit breaker
- RCD Residual Current Protective Device
- arc or AFD units are used to detect arcing faults that can occur at a defective point in an electrical line - for example a loose cable clamp or a cable break. If the accidental arc occurs electrically in series with an electrical consumer, the normal operating current is generally not exceeded because it is limited by the consumer. For this reason, the accidental arc is not detected by a conventional overcurrent protection device, such as a fuse or a circuit breaker. To determine whether an arc fault is present, the arc fault detection device measures both the voltage curve and the current curve over time and analyzes and evaluates them with regard to the curves that are characteristic of an arc fault.
- AFDD Arc Fault Detection Device
- AFCI Arc Fault Circuit Interrupter
- Combined protective switching devices are being developed which cover the range of functions of several individual devices: in addition to the FI/LS protective switching devices already described above, which combine the range of functions of a conventional residual current device (FI) with that of a miniature circuit breaker (LS), there are other designs in which, for example The functionality of an AFD unit can be integrated into existing devices such as MCB, RCD or RCBO/FILS.
- an electrical installation distribution board also referred to as a distribution box or, for short, as a distribution board and arranged side by side.
- Mounts for structuring the internal structure of the distributor as well as current-carrying systems for connecting the electrical and/or electronic components are usually provided inside the electrical installation distributor.
- a switching contact consists of a fixed location a fixed contact arranged in a housing of the protective switching device and a moving contact that can be moved relative to it.
- flashover can occur shortly before the actual contact touches.
- the contact zone is heated up unnecessarily due to the arcing that occurs in the process , which leads to further disadvantages, for example to contact welding, to a deteriorated switch-off capability, or to unnecessarily high thermal stress on adjacently arranged components or Components can lead.
- circuit breakers that are designed for higher nominal currents have a so-called snap-action switching mechanism, which causes the switching contact to close abruptly. Due to the additional mechanical components required for the abrupt closing, such a snap-action switching mechanism has a significantly more complex mechanical structure and is therefore unsuitable, in particular, for compact switching devices in which two switching contacts are arranged in one pitch unit.
- the operator-independent compact snap-action switching mechanism according to the invention for an electromechanical protective switching device in particular for a circuit breaker or residual current circuit breaker, has a switching contact, having a fixed contact and a moving contact that can be moved relative thereto and is mounted on a moving contact carrier.
- the moving contact carrier can be mechanically coupled via a drive bracket to a manual operating element of the protective switching device in order to close or open the switching contact manually.
- the compact snap-action mechanism has a locking lever, which can be mechanically coupled to the manual actuation element and, in a first phase of a closing movement of the moving contact, can be moved in a first direction pointing in the direction of the switching contact, in order to block the movement of the moving contact carrier, the locking lever being in a second phase of the closing movement abruptly releases the blocking of the moving contact carrier by a movement in a second direction.
- the blocking lever is coupled indirectly via further mechanical coupling elements or also directly to the hand-operated element, so that the blocking lever can be actuated when the protective switching device is switched on manually.
- the locking lever is in a first position Phase of the closing movement in a first direction moves towards the switching contact.
- the blocking lever is moved in a second direction oriented transversely to the first direction, as a result of which the blockage of the moving contact carrier is abruptly released - and thus independently of the speed at which the manual operating element is moved, d. H . operator independent - is canceled .
- the locking lever is in two parts, with a first and a second part.
- the functionality of the locking lever can be more flexibly adapted to the limited space in the housing of the electromechanical protective switching device.
- the abrupt movement in the second direction is realized by the first part, while the blocking of the moving contact carrier is realized by the second part of the blocking lever.
- the first part can be moved in a positively guided manner relative to the second part.
- Such forced guidance can be implemented, for example, with the aid of a slotted guide. In this way, maximum movement spaces can be defined, effectively avoiding unwanted kinematic states.
- the user-independent compact snap-action switch mechanism has a maximum width te from half a pitch unit to .
- Such an operator-independent compact snap-action switch has the advantage that, due to its space-saving design, it can be installed in a housing section of an electromechanical protective switching device which is only half a division unit wide (1 division unit (TE) corresponds to approx. 18 mm).
- the compact switchgear can also be used for compactly designed protective switching devices which, with a width of only one pitch unit, have two current paths with one switching contact each, for example compact circuit breakers of type 1+N or 1+1.
- compact protective switching devices an improved switch-off behavior and - as a result - a higher stability or service life can be achieved.
- the user-independent compact snap-action switching mechanism has a further switching contact with a further fixed contact and a further moving contact which can be moved relative thereto and is mounted on a further moving contact carrier, the further moving contact carrier also being mechanically coupled to the manual operating element.
- the compact snap-action mechanism has a further blocking lever, which is mechanically coupled to the manual operating element, for blocking the further moving contact carrier.
- the further blocking lever for blocking the further moving contact carrier does not necessarily have to be - parallel to the first blocking lever - in the first direction (during the first phase of the closing movement) or be moved in the second direction (during the second phase of the closing movement). Although this is possible, it is not absolutely necessary and essentially depends on the structural design of the electromechanical protective switching device. In a further advantageous development of the user-independent compact snap-action switching mechanism, the moving contact carrier and the further moving contact carrier can be moved in opposite directions. In this way, an extremely compact design of the compact snap-action switching mechanism—and thus of the electromechanical protective switching device—can be implemented.
- the further blocking lever can be moved in a further first direction in its first phase of the closing movement in order to block the further moving contact carrier in its movement, with the further first direction not necessarily having to correspond to the first direction.
- a further second direction of the further blocking lever occurring in the second phase of the closing movement probably does not correspond to the second direction of the first blocking lever due to the opposing arrangement of the two moving contact carriers.
- the electromechanical protective switching device which is designed in particular as a miniature circuit breaker or fault current circuit breaker, has a housing with a front side, a fastening side opposite the front side and narrow and broad sides connecting the front and fastening side. Furthermore, the protective switching device has an operator-independent compact snap-action switching mechanism of the type described above, which is accommodated and held in the housing.
- an electromechanical protective switching device having the user-independent compact snap-action switching mechanism With regard to the advantages of an electromechanical protective switching device having the user-independent compact snap-action switching mechanism, reference is made to the advantages listed above relating to the operator-independent compact snap-action switching mechanism. If the protective switching device is only one switching point, i. H . have a switching contact, the advantage resulting from the use of the compact snap-action switch mechanism according to the invention is that the space required, which is not claimed due to the compact design, can be used for other functions, for example a module for arc fault detection. This means that combined Device designs that combine the functions of several individual protective switching devices in a single device with a width of only one modular width can be implemented.
- the manual operating element is arranged eccentrically between the two narrow sides.
- the off-center arrangement of the manual operating element between the two narrow sides has proven to be space-saving and therefore advantageous, particularly where space is limited, as occurs in compact protective switching devices.
- the electromechanical protective switching device is in the form of a two-pole compact switching device with a housing width of only one pitch unit.
- FIG. 7 and 8 show schematic representations of a first exemplary embodiment of the compact snap-action mechanism according to the invention in an OFF position
- FIG. 1 shows the protective switching device in a side view
- FIG. 2 shows a top view corresponding thereto.
- the protective switching device 1 has a housing 2, which is preferably formed from an insulating material and in turn has a front side 3, a fastening side 4 opposite the front side 3, and narrow and wide sides 5 and 6 connecting the front side 3 and the fastening side 4.
- the protective switching device 1 can be fastened to a mounting rail or top-hat rail (not shown) with the help of a slide 7 that is displaceably mounted on the housing 2 in the region of the fastening side 4 .
- a manual operating element 41 is arranged in the area of the front side 3, with the help of which the protective switching device 1 is operated manually, ie. H . can be switched on and off.
- the housing 2 has a narrow design and has a width B of only one pitch unit TE, which is approx. 18mm corresponds to .
- An imaginary dividing line 8 (shown in broken lines) runs in the middle of the housing 2 and divides the housing 2 into two approximately equally sized sections—the first current path area 21 and the second current path area 22 .
- the dividing line 8 is shown oriented exactly in the middle and parallel to the broad sides 6 .
- Sections of the separating line 8 can also be formed as a partition between the first current path area 21 and the second current path area 22, for example in order to electrically insulate the two areas from one another.
- Both the first current path area 21 and the second current path area 22 are designed for connecting an external connection conductor LI or L2 provided.
- both current path areas 21 , 22 each have two connection terminals 23 , one of which is arranged in the area of one narrow side 5 and the other in the area of the other narrow side 5 .
- the external phase conductors L1 and L2 are guided through openings formed in the narrow sides 5 and electrically conductively connected to the connection terminals 23 located behind them.
- connection terminals 23 of each of the two current path regions 21, 22 are electrically conductively connected to one another in each case via a current path that runs from one narrow side 5 to the opposite narrow side 5.
- a first switching contact 24 is arranged in the first current path region 21 , which can be opened by means of a first magnetic release 26 in the event of an electrical short circuit.
- a second switching contact 25 is arranged in the second current path area 22 , which can be opened by means of a second magnetic release 27 in the event of an electrical short circuit.
- the magnetic triggers 26 and 27 each have a magnetic coil, with the aid of which a movably mounted plunger can be actuated. In the event of a short-circuit current flowing through the magnetic coil, the plunger is pushed by the magnetic coil in the direction of the respective switching contact 24 or 25 moves, whereby it is opened.
- the two magnetic releases 26 and 27 in Width direction not next to each other, but arranged for reasons of space in the area of the two narrow sides 5 in the housing 2, d. H . recorded and held.
- the two switching contacts 24 and 25 which can be actuated in opposite directions, are arranged essentially centrally between the two magnetic releases 26 and 27 in the housing 2 . In this way, an extremely compact arrangement can be implemented.
- first or second magnetic trigger 26 or. 27 i . H . in the direction of the fastening side 4, one is each, the respective trigger 26 or 27 assigned , first resp . second arc quenching chamber 28 or . 29 taken on and held in the housing 2 .
- the two arc quenching chambers 28 and 29 serve to open a switch contact 24 or 25 occurring arc in several partial arcs to share to cool and thus bring to extinction.
- Protective switching devices usually also have at least one thermal trigger for triggering the protective switching device in the event of a thermal overload.
- Thermal triggers also have a direct and/or indirect effect on the switch contact assigned in each case in order to interrupt the current path assigned to it in the event of a thermal overload. However, since this is not essential to the invention, thermal triggers are not shown for reasons of clarity.
- the switching mechanism 10 ′ has a stationary contact 81 arranged in the housing 2 of the protective switching device 1 , which forms the switching contact with a moving contact 71 which can be moved relative thereto.
- the moving contact 71 is mounted on a moving contact carrier 70, which is movably coupled via a coupling bracket 54 to a pawl 52 (shown in broken lines to show the components arranged behind it more clearly) of the switching mechanism 10'.
- the pawl 52 is in turn movably coupled to the manual operating element 41 via a drive bracket 51 arranged behind the partition wall 8 (see, for example, FIG. 6).
- the moving contact carrier 70 can be actuated by manually actuating the manual actuating element 41 .
- FIG. 3 shows an OFF position of the switching mechanism 10′, the first current path area of a compact protective switching device being shown here, which has a basic structure with two switching points corresponding to the illustrations in FIGS.
- the switching contact is open, the moving contact 71 is at a clear distance from the fixed contact 81 .
- FIG. 1 An intermediate position of the switch-on process is shown in FIG.
- the pawl 52 which is guided via one end of the drive bracket 51 in a slot 55 formed in the partition wall 8, is in this position pushed down a little and is supported on a latching edge 61 via a latching extension 62 formed on the pawl 52 , which is formed on a release lever 60 pivotably mounted in the housing 2, from which the latching of the rear derailleur 10' is formed.
- a switching spring 91 which is located in the housing 2 at the same time presses against a central portion of the moving contact carrier 70 , whereby its lower end , on which the moving contact 71 is arranged , is moved toward the fixed contact 81 . Also formed on the partition 8 is a stop 13 against which the moving contact carrier 70 rests in the intermediate position shown in FIG. 4, with the moving contact 71 just touching the fixed contact 81 . In this state, there is still no contact force between the fixed contact 81 and the moving contact 71, which is why, if an electrical voltage is present, a dynamic contact separation and/or sparking with the formation of an arc can occur.
- the switching mechanism 10' is shown in its ON position.
- the manual operating element 41 is brought fully into its ON position, whereby the pawl 52 is pressed to the lower end of the elongated hole 55 .
- Due to the mechanical coupling via the coupling bracket 54 the upper end of the moving contact carrier 70 is pressed a little further down to the right.
- the spring force applied by the switching spring 91 to the moving contact carrier 70 presses the moving contact 71 arranged at the lower end of the moving contact carrier 70 against the fixed contact 81 with the required contact force. The switching contact is thus completely closed.
- FIG. 6 shows a view corresponding to FIG. 3 of the second current path area of the compact protective switching device, which is constructed in accordance with the illustrations in FIGS. 1 and 2 and has two switching points, which can be distinguished by the manual operating element 41 now arranged on the left.
- the drive bracket 51 which mechanically couples the pawl 52 to the manual operating element 41 , can be seen particularly well.
- the reference numbers of the individual components of the second current path area are attached to the original reference number by means of a added indexed but otherwise correspond to the components of the first rung section .
- FIGS. 3 to 6 show schematic representations of a first exemplary embodiment of the compact snap-action mechanism 10 according to the invention in an OFF position.
- the compact snap-action switching mechanism 10 according to the invention is similar to the conventional switching mechanism 10' without a snap-action function illustrated in FIGS. 3 to 6. For this reason, identical components that are used in both rear derailleur variants have identical reference characters.
- the manual control element 41 is also in its OFF position, which corresponds to the maximum possible rotational position in the clockwise direction. Accordingly, the switching contact is open, the moving contact 71 is at a clear distance from the fixed contact 81 .
- the latching extension 62 of the pawl 52 has not yet latched onto the latching edge 61 of the release lever 60 .
- the moving contact carrier 70 rests on the stationary stop 13 in the housing 2 .
- the compact snap rear derailleur 10 according to the first exemplary embodiment shown here also has a one-piece blocking lever 200, which is shown in detail in several views in FIGS.
- the locking lever 200 has at its upper end a slot 213 with a contact contour 214, which is in engagement with the end of the drive bracket 51, whereby a mechanical coupling of the locking lever 200 with the pawl 52 is realized: the pawl 52 via the drive bracket 51 is pressed downwards, the end of the drive bracket 51 also moves downwards in the elongated hole 55 formed in the partition wall 8 .
- the Locking lever 200 is also moved downwards in a first direction x in the direction of the switching contact 71 , 81 .
- the blocking lever 200 has a guide pin 211 which is supported on a guide contour 11 formed on the housing 2 of the protective switching device 1 and slides along it when the blocking lever 200 moves downwards.
- the guide contour extends in the direction of the switching contact 71 , 81 downwards to a trailing edge 12 also formed on the housing 2 . From there, the guide pin 211 can no longer be supported on the guide contour 11 and, when a corresponding force is applied, moves in a second direction y, which is oriented transversely to the first direction x, to the left.
- the compact snap-action switch mechanism 10 has a return spring 31, which is designed as a torsion or torsion spring, for example, which is supported on the housing 2 and presses against the lower end of the locking lever 200 against the second direction y.
- the locking lever 200 has a nose-like locking contour 212 at its lower end, which has no function in the OFF position shown in FIGS Contact contour for the moving contact carrier 70 takes over from the stationary stop 13 arranged in the housing 2 .
- movable contact contour of the moving contact 71 can be kept longer at a distance from the fixed contact 81, regardless of the speed at which the manual control element 41 is moved.
- the switching contact is thus held open longer and closes abruptly only at the moment when the guide pin 211 moves beyond the drop edge 12 and can no longer be supported on the guide contour 11 .
- FIGS. 13 and 14 which show the compact snap-action mechanism 10 in its OFF position
- a first intermediate position is illustrated in FIGS. 13 and 14—wherein FIG.
- the manual actuator 41 is a little way towards its ON position, ie. H . counterclockwise, adjusted .
- the pawl 52 driven via the mechanical coupling with the manual operating element 41 via the drive bracket 51 , is pushed down a little in the elongated hole 55 formed in the partition wall 8 . Because of this, the pawl 52 is supported via the latching extension 62 formed thereon on the latching edge 61 of the release lever 60, whereby the latching of the compact snap-action derailleur 10 is formed.
- the end of the drive bracket 51 guided in the slot 55 has the contact contour 214 in this first intermediate position, i. H . reaches the lower end of the blocking lever slot 213, so that the blocking lever 200 is moved in the first direction x in the direction of the switching contact 71, 81 when the manual operating element 41 moves further in the direction of its ON position--also driven by the drive bracket 51 .
- the moving contact carrier 70 is still in contact with the fixed stop 13 in the housing 2 , it is now also in contact with the nose-like locking contour 212 which is formed on the lower end of the locking lever 200 .
- FIGS. 15 and 16 A second intermediate position is shown in FIGS. 15 and 16—wherein FIG. 16 again shows a detailed representation of the representation in FIG.
- the manual control element 41 is again adjusted a little further in the counter-clockwise direction in the direction of its ON position.
- the moving contact 71 moves towards the fixed contact 81 .
- the locking contour 212 formed at the lower end of the locking lever 200 takes over the function of the moving contact carrier stop from the stop 13 that is fixed in place in the housing 2 .
- the function of the moving contact carrier stop is therefore no longer stationary, but - in the form of the blocking contour 212 formed on the blocking lever 200 - is designed to be movable: by further actuating the manual operating element 41 in the direction of its ON position, the blocking contour 212 is released with the movement of the blocking lever 200 moved in the first direction x in the direction of the switching contact 71 , 81 .
- the guide pin 211 which is also formed at the lower end of the locking lever 200 and is supported on the control contour 11 arranged in a stationary manner in the housing 2 , prevents the moving contact 71 and the fixed contact 81 from touching.
- the switching contact 71, 81 is forced to be held in a slightly open position, so that sparking through or the formation of an arc are effectively prevented.
- FIG. 17 and 18 are a third or fourth intermediate position of the compact snap-action mechanism 10 shown.
- the manual control element 41 in the third intermediate position shown in FIG. 17 is adjusted a little further counterclockwise towards its ON position.
- the upper end of the moving contact carrier 70 is shifted a little further down to the right via the coupling bracket 54 and is pressed by the switching spring 91 (see Fig. 13) against the locking contour 212 of the locking lever 200, which in turn moves via the guide pin 211 on the am Housing 2 trained guide contour 11 is supported.
- the contact force between fixed contact 81 and moving contact 71 is significantly greater than zero, so that the negative side effects described above when closing an energized switching contact - for example the formation of an arc or dynamic contact separation - can be effectively avoided.
- FIG. 19 shows the final ON position of the compact snap-action switch mechanism 10 .
- the manual control element 41 is in its final ON position, which is limited by a housing stop.
- the upper end of the moving contact carrier 70 is pushed as far as possible to the right via the coupling bracket 54; the switching spring 91 presses the lower end of the moving contact carrier 70 with the moving contact 71 arranged on it correspondingly with maximum force to the left against the fixed contact 81 .
- a low-resistance and reliable current flow can thus be implemented via the switching contact 71 , 81 .
- the predefined contact distance required before the switching contact 71 , 81 actually closes can be influenced mainly by the geometry of the guide contour 11 and the structural shape of the nose-like blocking contour 212 .
- the structural design of the nose-like blocking contour 212 is only to be understood as an example - other structural designs that produce the same effect can also be used within the meaning of the invention.
- FIGS. 13 to 19 three intermediate positions of the switch-off process of the first exemplary embodiment of the compact snap-action switch mechanism 10 according to the invention are shown schematically in FIGS.
- the starting point of the consideration is the ON position of the compact snap-action mechanism 10 already shown in FIG. 19, the end point is the OFF position shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 and described above.
- the manual control element 41 is moved clockwise to the right.
- the pawl 52 is pulled upwards in the elongated hole 55 formed in the partition wall 8 via the drive bracket 51 coupled to the manual operating element 41 .
- the moving contact carrier 70 is actuated via the coupling clip 54 coupled to the pawl 52 .
- the blocking lever 200 is not yet actuated, since the elongated hole 213 of the blocking lever 200 initially represents a freewheel for the end of the drive bracket 51 . Only when the drive bracket 51 has reached the upper end of the elongated hole 213 is the locking lever 200 moved back by the end of the drive bracket 51 counter to the first direction x into its starting position--the OFF position shown in FIGS. 7 and 8.
- the movement of the blocking lever 200 at the beginning of the switching-off process is still blocked by the moving contact carrier 70 in cooperation with the drop edge 12 until there is finally sufficient space for the blocking lever 200 to return due to the moving contact carrier 70 being moved away.
- the locking lever 200 is held by the return spring 31 permanently subjected to a spring force which pushes the locking lever 200 against the second direction y.
- the restoring spring 31 is dimensioned in such a way that the spring force acting on the locking lever 200 is just sufficient to overcome the mass force of the locking lever 200 and the frictional forces occurring during the restoring movement.
- a suitable compensation geometry here the elongated hole 213—must be present in order not to block the movement of the manual operating element 41 .
- a dedicated control contour could also be used to bypass the jump contour formed by the drop edge 12 for resetting the blocking lever 200 .
- a return spring appears to make more sense.
- FIGS. 23 to 27 a second exemplary embodiment of the locking lever 200 of the compact snap-action mechanism 10 according to the invention is shown schematically in different views.
- the locking lever 200 is now designed in two parts and consists of a first part 201 and a second part 202 which are movably coupled to one another.
- various switching states of the compact snap-action mechanism 10 with a two-part blocking lever 200 are shown schematically in FIGS.
- a pivot pin 227 is formed on the first part 201 of the two-part locking lever 200 , which in the mounted state is guided in a slot-like connecting link 229 formed on the second part 202 .
- a contact surface 228 is formed on each of the two parts 201 , 202 , which serves as a guide for a relative movement between the first part 201 and the second part 202 .
- the coupling of the locking lever 200 to the manual control element 41 by means of the drive bracket 51 is again implemented via a slot 223 with a corresponding contact contour 224 which is formed at the upper end of the second part 202 .
- the contact contour 224 is in a movement of the locking lever 200 in the first direction x with the end of the drive bracket
- the end of the drive bracket 51 also moves downwards in the elongated hole 55 formed in the partition wall 8 .
- the second part 202 of the locking lever 200 is also moved downwards in the first direction x in the direction of the switching contact 71 , 81 .
- the first part 201 of the two-part locking lever 200 is also moved - synchronously with the second part 202 - in the first direction x in the direction of the switching contact 71 via the carrier contour 226 formed on the second part 202 and the corresponding carrier contour 227 formed on the first part 201 , 81 moved .
- the guide pin 221 is formed, which is supported on a guide contour 11 formed on the housing 2 of the protective switching device 1 and slides along it when the blocking lever 200 moves downwards.
- the guide contour 11 extends downward in the direction of the switching contact 71 , 81 to a trailing edge 12 which is also formed on the housing 2 . From there, the guide pin 221 can no longer be supported on the guide contour 11 and moves when a corresponding force is applied in a second direction y, which is oriented transversely to the first direction x, to the left.
- the second exemplary embodiment of the compact snap-action derailleur 10 also has a return spring 31, embodied as a torsion or torsion spring, which is supported on the housing 2 and presses against the lower end of the locking lever 200 against the second direction y.
- a return spring 31 embodied as a torsion or torsion spring, which is supported on the housing 2 and presses against the lower end of the locking lever 200 against the second direction y.
- the blocking lever 200 also has a nose-like blocking contour 222 at its lower end, which has no function in the OFF position of the compact snap-action mechanism 10 shown in FIG. 28, but when the blocking lever 200 moves in the first direction x in turn assumes the function of a contact contour for the moving contact carrier 70 from the stationary stop 13 arranged in the housing 2 .
- movable contact contour of the moving contact 71 can be kept longer at a distance from the fixed contact 81, regardless of the speed at which the manual control element 41 is moved.
- the switching contact is thus kept open longer and closes abruptly only at the moment when the guide pin 221 moves beyond the drop edge 12 and can no longer be supported on the guide contour 11 . This effect of an operator-independent switch-on process is described in more detail below with reference to FIGS. 28 to 35.
- Figure 28 shows - analogous to Figures 7 and 8 of the first embodiment - a schematic representation of the second embodiment of the compact snap-action mechanism 10 according to the invention in an OFF position.
- Figures 29 to 34 show schematically - analogous to the representations of Figures 9 to 18 of the first embodiment - chronologically consecutive intermediate positions of the switch-on process of the second embodiment.
- Figure 35 is finally - analogous to Figure 19 of the first exemplary embodiment - the final ON position of the compact snap-action mechanism 10 when using the two-part locking lever 200 shown schematically.
- FIG. 29 shows a first intermediate position, in which the hand-operated element 41 is moved a little further in the direction of its ON position, d. H . counterclockwise, is adjusted. Accordingly, the pawl 52, driven via the mechanical coupling with the manual operating element 41 via the drive bracket 51, is pushed down a little in the slot 55 formed in the partition 8 and is supported on the latching edge via the latching extension 62 formed on the pawl 52 61 of the release lever 60 (see FIG. 30), whereby the latching of the compact snap-action mechanism 10 is formed.
- the end of the drive bracket 51 guided in the slot 55 has the contact contour 224 (see FIGS. 23 et seq.), i. H . reaches the lower end of the blocking lever slot 223, so that the second part 201 of the blocking lever 200 upon a further movement of the manual control element 41 in the direction of its ON position - also driven via the drive bracket 51 - in the first direction x in the direction of the switching contact 71 , 81 is moved . Since the pivot pin 227 has already applied to the upper end of the connecting link 229 in the OFF position shown in FIG Switch-on phase is already taken along by the second part 202 and is moved in the first direction x in the direction of the switching contact 71, 81.
- the moving contact carrier 70 In the first intermediate position shown in FIG. 29, the moving contact carrier 70 is still in contact with the fixed stop 13 in the housing 2, but is now also in contact with the nose-like locking contour 222, which is formed on the lower end of the first part 201 of the locking lever 200.
- a second intermediate position is shown in FIG. H . counterclockwise, is adjusted. The moving contact 71 moves towards the fixed contact 81 . After all bearing clearances and elasticities have been overcome, the locking contour 222 formed at the lower end of the locking lever 200 takes over the function of the moving contact carrier stop from the stop 13 fixed in the housing 2 .
- the function of the moving contact carrier stop is therefore no longer stationary, but - in the form of the blocking contour 222 formed on the first part 201 of the blocking lever 200 - is designed to be movable: by further actuating the manual operating element 41 in the direction of its ON position, the blocking contour 222 is Movement of the locking lever 200 in the first direction x in the direction of the switching contact 71, 81 moves.
- the guide pin 221 which is also formed at the lower end of the first part 201 of the locking lever 200 and is supported on the control contour 11 fixed in the housing 2, prevents the moving contact 71 and the fixed contact 81 from touching.
- the switching contact 71, 81 is forced to be held in a slightly open position, so that sparking through or the formation of an arc are effectively prevented.
- FIGS. 31 and 32 show a third intermediate position of the compact snap-action mechanism 10—but now with a two-part blocking lever 200—wherein FIG. 32 shows a detailed representation for the representation of FIG.
- the manual control element 41 in the third intermediate position is adjusted a little further counterclockwise towards its ON position.
- the upper end of the moving contact carrier 70 is shifted a little further down to the right via the coupling bracket 54 and is pressed by the switching spring 91 (see e.g. Fig. 13) against the locking contour 222 of the second part of the locking lever 200, which in turn moves over the first part 201 of the blocking Lever 200 guide pin 221 formed on the guide contour 11 formed on the housing 2 is supported.
- FIGS. 33 and 34 show a fourth intermediate position of the compact snap-action mechanism 10—but now with a two-part locking lever 200—wherein FIG. 32 shows a detailed representation for the representation of FIG.
- the manual control element 41 is moved a little further towards its ON position, as a result of which the guide pin 221 formed on the first part 201 of the blocking lever 200 has been displaced beyond the drop edge 12, so that it is no longer on the guide contour formed in the housing 2 11 can support.
- the lower end of the moving contact carrier 70 with the moving contact 71 arranged thereon—driven by the spring force exerted on the moving contact carrier 70 by the switching spring 91 see, for example, FIG.
- FIG. 35 shows the final ON position of the compact snap-action switch mechanism 10 with a two-part locking lever 200.
- the manual control element 41 is in its final ON position, which is limited by a housing stop.
- the upper end of the moving contact carrier 70 is pushed as far as possible to the right via the coupling bracket 54; by the switching spring 91 (see, for example, Fig. 13), the lower end of the moving contact carrier 70 with the attached ordered moving contact 71 pressed accordingly with maximum force to the left against the fixed contact 81.
- a low-resistance and reliable current flow can thus be implemented via the switching contact 71 , 81 .
- the resulting, predefined contact spacing can be influenced mainly by the geometry of the guide contour 11 formed on the housing 2 and the structural shapes of the nose-like blocking contour 222 on the one hand and the contact surfaces 228 formed on the first and second parts 201, 202 on the other hand.
- the geometries of the guide contour 11, the blocking contour 222 and the contact surfaces 228 shown in this exemplary embodiment are only to be understood as examples - other constructive designs which bring about the same effect can also be used within the meaning of the invention.
- FIGS. 36 and 37 an intermediate position of the switch-off process for the first exemplary embodiment of the compact snap-action switch mechanism 10 according to the invention is shown schematically, with FIG. 37 showing a detailed representation for the representation of FIG.
- the starting point for considering the switching-off process is the ON position of the compact snap-action mechanism 10 shown in FIG. 35, and the end point for the consideration is the OFF position shown in FIG. 28 and described above.
- the manual control element 41 is moved clockwise to the right.
- the pawl 52 is pulled upwards in the elongated hole 55 formed in the partition wall 8 via the drive bracket 51 coupled to the manual operating element 41 .
- the moving contact carrier 70 is actuated via the coupling clip 54 coupled to the pawl 52 .
- the second part 202 of the locking lever 200 is not yet actuated, since the slot 223 formed on the second part 202 initially represents a freewheel for the end of the drive bracket 51 until it has reached the upper end of the slot 223 .
- the drive bracket 51 reaches the upper end of the elongated hole 223, as a result of which the second part of the blocking lever 200 is moved back to its starting position by the drive bracket 51 counter to the first direction x.
- the first part 201 of the locking lever 200 is blocked at the beginning of the opening process by the second part 202, the drop edge 12 and the moving contact carrier 70 until there is finally enough space for the two-part locking lever 200 to be returned by moving the moving contact carrier 70 away.
- the first part 201 of the blocking lever 200 is permanently acted upon by the return spring 31 with a spring force which urges the first part 201 in the opposite direction to the second direction y.
- the restoring spring 31 is dimensioned such that the spring force acting on the first part of the locking lever 200 is just sufficient to overcome the mass forces of the two-part locking lever 200 and the frictional forces occurring during the restoring movement.
- a suitable compensation geometry in this case the elongated hole 223 formed on the second part 202—must be present in order not to block the movement of the manual operating element 41 .
- the compact snap-action switchgear 10 With the help of the compact snap-action switchgear 10 according to the invention, it is possible, even with compact protective switching devices 1, in the housing 2 with a housing width B of only one pitch unit, two current path areas, each with a switching contact 71, 81 or 71', 81' are arranged to avoid the negative consequences of a "creeping" switch-on process, in which the manual operating element 41 is moved from its OFF position to its ON position at a low operating speed - in particular when switching to an existing short circuit.
- the switching contact is initially kept open by force - the moving contact 71 and the fixed contact 81 are forced to be spaced apart - the switching contact is effectively prevented from igniting, and thus the formation of an arc, even in the event of an existing short circuit avoids melting of the contact elements, which significantly reduces the risk of contact welding, which significantly increases the reliability of the protective switching device.
- the components adjacent to the switching contact are also not exposed to any unnecessary thermal stress, which significantly increases the service life of the components and thus the stability of the protective switching device. This is particularly advantageous in the case of compact protective switching devices—because of the heat dissipation problems that prevail there due to the compact arrangement of the components.
- the compact snap-action switching mechanism 10 is particularly suitable due to its structural design for two-pole compact protective switching devices 1 with two switchable current paths in one pitch unit and oppositely oriented closing directions of the two moving contacts 71, 71'.
- This also applies to device designs with an eccentrically arranged manual operating element 41, since here the drive of the locking lever 200 acts only indirectly on the jump mechanism.
- the jump point in time at which the switching contact is closed by the sudden impact of the moving contact 71 on the fixed contact 81 depends on the operating angle of the manual operating element 41, but is easily adaptable due to the multi-part arrangement, d. H . adjustable to a predefined operating angle .
- the structural design of the compact snap-action switchgear 10 is relatively insensitive to tolerances due to its multiple parts, which has an extremely advantageous effect on the production and assembly of the individual components, and thus on the production costs.
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DE102020210028.4A DE102020210028A1 (de) | 2020-08-07 | 2020-08-07 | Bedienerunabhängiges Kompaktsprungschaltwerk und elektromechanisches Schutzschaltgerät |
PCT/EP2021/069763 WO2022028849A1 (de) | 2020-08-07 | 2021-07-15 | Bedienerunabhängiges kompaktsprungschaltwerk und elektromechanisches schutzschaltgerät |
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EP4176459A1 true EP4176459A1 (de) | 2023-05-10 |
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EP21746413.0A Pending EP4176459A1 (de) | 2020-08-07 | 2021-07-15 | Bedienerunabhängiges kompaktsprungschaltwerk und elektromechanisches schutzschaltgerät |
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EP (1) | EP4176459A1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN115298789A (de) |
DE (1) | DE102020210028A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2022028849A1 (de) |
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DE8209597U1 (de) * | 1982-04-03 | 1986-11-13 | Ellenberger & Poensgen Gmbh, 8503 Altdorf | Überstromschutzschalter |
DE60101469T2 (de) * | 2001-07-16 | 2004-10-07 | Hager Electro | Schnelleinschaltvorrichtung |
EP1473750A1 (de) * | 2003-04-30 | 2004-11-03 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | elektromechanisches Schaltgerät |
DE102010019033B4 (de) * | 2010-05-03 | 2012-02-23 | Abb Ag | Elektrisches Installationsschaltgerät |
DE102012212236A1 (de) | 2012-07-12 | 2014-01-16 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Schutzschaltgerät und Magnetjoch |
DE102013211539B4 (de) | 2012-08-31 | 2020-08-06 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Schaltmechanik und elektromechanisches Schutzschaltgerät |
DE102014215007A1 (de) | 2014-07-30 | 2016-02-04 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Schutzschaltgerät und Magnetjoch |
DE102015213375B4 (de) | 2015-07-16 | 2023-06-07 | Siemens Ag | Thermische Überlast-Auslösevorrichtung und Schutzschaltgerät |
DE102015217704A1 (de) | 2015-09-16 | 2017-03-16 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Lichtbogen-Löschvorrichtung und Schutzschaltgerät |
-
2020
- 2020-08-07 DE DE102020210028.4A patent/DE102020210028A1/de active Pending
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2021
- 2021-07-15 EP EP21746413.0A patent/EP4176459A1/de active Pending
- 2021-07-15 CN CN202180021241.2A patent/CN115298789A/zh active Pending
- 2021-07-15 WO PCT/EP2021/069763 patent/WO2022028849A1/de active Application Filing
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WO2022028849A1 (de) | 2022-02-10 |
DE102020210028A1 (de) | 2022-02-10 |
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