EP4170234A1 - Verfahren zur steuerung eines brenners - Google Patents

Verfahren zur steuerung eines brenners Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4170234A1
EP4170234A1 EP21203353.4A EP21203353A EP4170234A1 EP 4170234 A1 EP4170234 A1 EP 4170234A1 EP 21203353 A EP21203353 A EP 21203353A EP 4170234 A1 EP4170234 A1 EP 4170234A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
burner
temperature
temperature value
sensor
combustion appliance
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP21203353.4A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Job Rutgers
Mehmet Kapucu
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BDR Thermea Group BV
Original Assignee
BDR Thermea Group BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BDR Thermea Group BV filed Critical BDR Thermea Group BV
Priority to EP21203353.4A priority Critical patent/EP4170234A1/de
Priority to PCT/EP2022/078700 priority patent/WO2023066812A1/en
Publication of EP4170234A1 publication Critical patent/EP4170234A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/24—Preventing development of abnormal or undesired conditions, i.e. safety arrangements
    • F23N5/242—Preventing development of abnormal or undesired conditions, i.e. safety arrangements using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/02—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/72—Safety devices, e.g. operative in case of failure of gas supply
    • F23D14/82—Preventing flashback or blowback
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/10—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using thermocouples
    • F23N5/102—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using thermocouples using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/99011—Combustion process using synthetic gas as a fuel, i.e. a mixture of CO and H2
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2203/00—Gaseous fuel burners
    • F23D2203/10—Flame diffusing means
    • F23D2203/101—Flame diffusing means characterised by surface shape
    • F23D2203/1012—Flame diffusing means characterised by surface shape tubular
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2231/00—Fail safe
    • F23N2231/28—Fail safe preventing flash-back or blow-back

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for controlling the operation of a burner in a combustion appliance, in particular a gas boiler. Also, the invention relates to a corresponding system for controlling the burner, to a combustion appliance comprising said system and to a use of the system. In addition, the invention relates to a computer program product executed by a computer carrying out the above method.
  • Combustion appliances such as gas boilers combust gas fuel to heat water for domestic use and/or central heating system facilities in buildings. Based on the characteristics of the gas mixture, the boiler's efficiency can be differently affected.
  • the flame temperatures are higher compared to the case when natural gas (with similar operational lambda values between 1 and 2) is combusted.
  • These flame temperatures can result in overheating the burner, leading to aging or damage of the burner, burner seals, ignition pin, ionization pin and other combustion related components.
  • the overheating could also lead to hotspots on the burner surface which might result in auto-ignition of the combustible gas air mixture in the burner.
  • the auto-ignition could lead to combustion upstream of the burner (i.e.in the mixing chamber).
  • the upstream combustion is also known as flashback.
  • WO2020197391 A1 is directed to a method for operating a premix gas burner wherein an air flow rate and a fuel gas flow rate are controlled so as to generate heat with the premix burner in accordance with a heat demand related value.
  • the fuel gas comprises hydrogen and the method further provides a desired air excess factor relation of the air/fuel gas mixture which defines the relation between a desired air excess factor and an input variable like the heat demand related value, an air flow rate related value, or a fuel gas flow rate related value.
  • the desired air excess factor is not a constant factor but varies for different input variable values.
  • the fuel gas flow rate and/or the air flow rate are controlled such that an actual air excess factor converges towards the desired air excess factor while meeting the heat demand.
  • WO2020183289A1 is directed to a temperature sensor for gas burner having a thermocouple comprising electric conductors and a connection element to connect to the burner associated with a free end of such thermocouple.
  • the connection element is suitable for being inserted inside a seat of the sensor formed inside a wall of the burner and having a first end suitable for being placed at the outer surface of the burner, said thermocouple being inserted inside a blind hole of the connection element which opens at a second end of said connection element.
  • the blind hole ends with at least one part convergent towards an end zone of the hole, said part getting in contact with the thermocouple inserted inside the connection element, the connection element being made from an iron-chrome-aluminium alloy.
  • EP 3 779 280 A1 is directed to a heating device for a building, in which a fuel gas-air mixture flow is fed into a combustion chamber and ignited there.
  • the heating device is used to burn a predominantly hydrogen containing fuel gas and is set up so that a catalyst material is arranged in the heater to ignite the fuel gas-air mixture.
  • a temperature sensor for monitoring the combustion is formed in the area of the catalyst material.
  • EP 1 923 634 B1 is directed to a method for calculating a run of burner or flame temperature from an output temperature of a burner or a flame temperature. Fuel gas and combustion air stream are adjusted according to determined fuel gas volume or mass flow and combustion air volume or mass flow. Another burner or flame temperature is measured and is compared with the calculated burner or flame temperature, where the measured temperature at a pre-set point of time is larger or smaller than the calculated temperature at the point of time at a dynamic process, so that fuel gas flow or air mass is reduced or increased.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a method for controlling the burner that is efficient in preventing flashback and auto-ignition for combustion appliance where the fuel gas is controlled electronically or pneumatically.
  • the object is solved by for controlling the operation of a burner in a combustion appliance, in particular in a gas boiler, the method comprising:
  • the temperature of the burner can be adequately monitored and, if needed, corrective measures can be taken or the heating action can be aborted.
  • the burner material can be of stainless steel, ceramic material and/or catalytic material.
  • the temperature sensor can measure the temperature of an internal or external surface of the burner deck.
  • Determining the temperature value means that a value is measured that correlates to the burner deck temperature. That means, the value can be any physical value that correlates to the burner deck temperature.
  • the sensor for measuring said value can be located anywhere in the combustion appliance as long as it is secured that a value can be measured that correlates with the burner deck temperature. Therefore, the burner deck temperature can be determined on the basis of the physical value measured by the sensor.
  • the burner deck temperature can be determined on a basis of a temperature measured by a temperature sensor.
  • the sensor is a temperature sensor and the measured value is a temperature.
  • the temperature sensor can be located on the burner deck. In said case the temperature of the burner deck is directly measured by the temperature sensor. Alternatively, the temperature sensor can be located on a part of the burner that is different from the burner deck. In said case the burner deck temperature is determined indirectly on the basis of the temperature of the part of the burner. This is possible as the temperature of the part of the burner and the burner deck correlate with each other.
  • the method can comprise, in particular additionally, measuring the temperature value of at least one of a burner seal, a burner flange, a flame distributor and burner membrane.
  • the burner seal, burner flange, flame distributor and/or burner membrane are also part of the burner.
  • the relation between the burner deck and at least one of the burner seal, burner flange, flame distributor and burner membrane can be known so that temperature of the burner deck can be determined based on the temperature of another part of the burner.
  • a control action can be taken.
  • the pre-determined reference temperature value can be an auto-ignition temperature value of a gas mixture introduced in the burner of the combustion appliance or a maximum tolerable temperature on said one part of the burner.
  • auto ignition temperature which can be monitored depends on the type of fuel gas.
  • standard auto-ignition temperature of hydrogen in air is above 510°C.
  • control action can be at least one of:
  • the heat demand can be varied.
  • the heating request can be aborted in case the measured temperature value exceeds the pre-determined reference temperature value within a certain time frame.
  • the air to fuel gas ratio can be increased of a first percentage value, wherein in particular the first percentage value is 2%.
  • the heating request can be aborted in case the measured temperature value exceeds the pre-determined reference temperature value within a certain time frame.
  • the method can comprise monitoring the temperature values of a plurality of parts at the burner and determining if an offset between the measured temperature values is present. If the offset between the measured temperature values is determined, the heating request can be aborted and the combustion appliance can go to a lockout mode. It is noted that the offset can be monitored using a predictive maintenance technique. In particular, the offset can be higher than 5%.
  • the method can comprise checking the functioning of the temperature sensor at least during the pre-purge/boiler start and/or during the burner-off-phase.
  • a computer program product comprises instructions which, when the program is executed by a computer or control unit, cause the computer or the control unit to carry out the inventive method.
  • a system for controlling the operation of a burner in a combustion appliance, in particular in a gas boiler, preferably carrying out the inventive method, the system comprising:
  • system can further comprise at least one of:
  • a combustion appliance in particular a gas boiler, the combustion appliance comprising an inventive system.
  • combustion appliances can include furnaces, water heaters, boilers, direct/in-direct make-up air heaters, power/jet burners and any other residential, commercial or industrial combustion appliance.
  • the present system can be used for a combustion appliance combusting fuel comprising at least 20 mol % hydrogen, in particular more than 90 mol % or a natural gas or mixtures thereof.
  • combustion appliances can include furnaces, water heaters, boilers, direct/in-direct make-up air heaters, power/jet burners and any other residential, commercial or industrial combustion appliance.
  • a combustion appliance can be modulated over a plurality of burner loads, with each burner load requiring a different flow rate of fuel gas resulting in a different heat output. At higher burner loads, more fuel gas and more air are typically provided to the burner, and at lower burner loads less fuel gas and less air are typically provided to the burner.
  • the inventive system is used in a combustion appliance using as fuel gas hydrogen propane, butane or a mixture thereof.
  • a flow chart describing a method 100 for controlling the operation of a burner is shown.
  • a temperature value of a burner deck 6 shown in fig. 2 is determined.
  • temperature value of at least one part of the burner 2 is measured. Based on the measured temperature value it is possible to determine the burner deck temperature.
  • the determined temperature value is compared with a pre-determined reference temperature value at step S102 and at step S103 at least a control action on the operation of the combustion appliance 1 is initiated. It is noted that based on the type of control of the gas flow (pneumatic or electronic) a different control action can be initiated.
  • the heat demand can be varied.
  • the heat demand can be increased or decrease, thereby performing an up- or down-modulation.
  • the up- or down-modulation can reduce the temperature of the burner surface. The temperature is monitored constantly or with time intervals, if a maximum threshold is exceeded, the heat demand can be first increased or decreased (depending on the burner design). If the measured temperature is not successfully decreased within a certain time frame, the heating request is aborted.
  • temperature is monitored constantly or with time intervals in a similar way. However, if a maximum threshold is exceeded, the fuel to air ratio is first increased with at least 2% If the measured temperature is not successfully decreased within a certain time frame, the heating request is aborted. As addition the load lambda curve can be increased with at least 2%.
  • the system 5 continuously checks whether the determined temperature is within a tolerable range. If it is not the case, several control actions can be initiated in combination or alternatively. For example, it is possible either lower the temperature of the burner 2, rise the lambda value, or move to a load set point where the temperature is within the tolerable range. If the determined temperature is still not in the tolerable range, the appliance 1 can be shut off, or lock-off, or the heat demand can be terminated or can be waited for a predefined time interval to repeat the temperature determination. Also, the lambda can be recalibrated and/or the integrity of the sensor 3 can be checked.
  • FIG. 2 describes a schematic representation of system 5 for controlling the operation of a burner 2.
  • the system 1 is part of the combustion appliance 1 and comprises at least one temperature sensor 3 for measuring the temperature of the burner 2, in particular a burner deck 6, and a control unit 4 for monitoring the measured temperature values by the sensor 3.
  • the system 5 has three temperature sensors 3 that are arranged offset from each other and measure different burner deck portions 6.
  • the control unit 4 can be integrated in a control system of the combustion appliance 1 in order to manage the control actions of the appliance 1. Alternatively, the control unit 4 can be separated and connected to the control system of the appliance 1..
  • the sensor 3 is integrated in the burner 2 to measure the temperature of the material of the burner deck.
  • the burner 2 is a fully premixed burner and is made of stainless steel, a woven, knitted or braided fabric comprising metal fibre, ceramic material, or catalytic material.
  • the burner 2 can be additionally provided with a flow distributor, structural elements to distribute heat, and/or a second flow passage and/or membrane.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Combustion (AREA)
EP21203353.4A 2021-10-19 2021-10-19 Verfahren zur steuerung eines brenners Withdrawn EP4170234A1 (de)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP21203353.4A EP4170234A1 (de) 2021-10-19 2021-10-19 Verfahren zur steuerung eines brenners
PCT/EP2022/078700 WO2023066812A1 (en) 2021-10-19 2022-10-14 Method for controlling a burner

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP21203353.4A EP4170234A1 (de) 2021-10-19 2021-10-19 Verfahren zur steuerung eines brenners

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4170234A1 true EP4170234A1 (de) 2023-04-26

Family

ID=78528621

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP21203353.4A Withdrawn EP4170234A1 (de) 2021-10-19 2021-10-19 Verfahren zur steuerung eines brenners

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP4170234A1 (de)
WO (1) WO2023066812A1 (de)

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4112449A1 (de) * 1990-04-17 1991-10-24 Vaillant Joh Gmbh & Co Verfahren zur regelung eines flaechenbrenners
GB2270748A (en) * 1992-09-17 1994-03-23 Caradon Heating Ltd Burner control systems
DE19825047A1 (de) * 1997-06-09 1998-12-10 Vaillant Joh Gmbh & Co Flächenbrenner
EP1923634B1 (de) 2006-11-15 2017-06-28 Vaillant GmbH Regelung des Brenngas-Luft-Gemisches über die Brenner- oder Flammentemperatur eines Heizgerätes
WO2020182902A1 (en) * 2019-03-12 2020-09-17 Bekaert Combustion Technology B.V. Method to operate a modulating burner
WO2020183289A1 (en) 2019-03-11 2020-09-17 Polidoro S.P.A. Improved temperature sensor for gas burner and assembly consisting of such sensor and burner
WO2020197391A1 (en) 2019-03-28 2020-10-01 Bdr Thermea Group B.V. Method for operating a premix gas burner, a premix gas burner and a boiler
EP3779280A1 (de) 2019-08-15 2021-02-17 Vaillant GmbH Heizgerät für ein gebäude

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4112449A1 (de) * 1990-04-17 1991-10-24 Vaillant Joh Gmbh & Co Verfahren zur regelung eines flaechenbrenners
GB2270748A (en) * 1992-09-17 1994-03-23 Caradon Heating Ltd Burner control systems
DE19825047A1 (de) * 1997-06-09 1998-12-10 Vaillant Joh Gmbh & Co Flächenbrenner
EP1923634B1 (de) 2006-11-15 2017-06-28 Vaillant GmbH Regelung des Brenngas-Luft-Gemisches über die Brenner- oder Flammentemperatur eines Heizgerätes
WO2020183289A1 (en) 2019-03-11 2020-09-17 Polidoro S.P.A. Improved temperature sensor for gas burner and assembly consisting of such sensor and burner
WO2020182902A1 (en) * 2019-03-12 2020-09-17 Bekaert Combustion Technology B.V. Method to operate a modulating burner
WO2020197391A1 (en) 2019-03-28 2020-10-01 Bdr Thermea Group B.V. Method for operating a premix gas burner, a premix gas burner and a boiler
EP3779280A1 (de) 2019-08-15 2021-02-17 Vaillant GmbH Heizgerät für ein gebäude

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2023066812A1 (en) 2023-04-27

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