EP4103922A1 - Vitre de véhicule à capteur de température intégré - Google Patents

Vitre de véhicule à capteur de température intégré

Info

Publication number
EP4103922A1
EP4103922A1 EP21700778.0A EP21700778A EP4103922A1 EP 4103922 A1 EP4103922 A1 EP 4103922A1 EP 21700778 A EP21700778 A EP 21700778A EP 4103922 A1 EP4103922 A1 EP 4103922A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
current path
electrically conductive
vehicle window
contact points
temperature
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP21700778.0A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Stephan GILLESSEN
Robert Besler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
Original Assignee
Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saint Gobain Glass France SAS, Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA filed Critical Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Publication of EP4103922A1 publication Critical patent/EP4103922A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
    • B32B17/1022—Metallic coatings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
    • B32B27/306—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising vinyl acetate or vinyl alcohol (co)polymers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/02—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions
    • B32B3/08—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions characterised by added members at particular parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
    • B60J1/00—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K1/00—Details of thermometers not specially adapted for particular types of thermometer
    • G01K1/14—Supports; Fastening devices; Arrangements for mounting thermometers in particular locations
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K7/00—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements
    • G01K7/16—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using resistive elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K7/00—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements
    • G01K7/16—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using resistive elements
    • G01K7/18—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using resistive elements the element being a linear resistance, e.g. platinum resistance thermometer
    • G01K7/183—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using resistive elements the element being a linear resistance, e.g. platinum resistance thermometer characterised by the use of the resistive element
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2264/00—Composition or properties of particles which form a particulate layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2264/10—Inorganic particles
    • B32B2264/105—Metal
    • B32B2264/1051—Silver or gold
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/20—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
    • B32B2307/202—Conductive
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
    • B32B2307/302—Conductive
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
    • B32B2307/304—Insulating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
    • B32B2307/412—Transparent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2605/00—Vehicles
    • B32B2605/006—Transparent parts other than made from inorganic glass, e.g. polycarbonate glazings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K7/00—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements
    • G01K7/16—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using resistive elements
    • G01K2007/163—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using resistive elements provided with specially adapted connectors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K2205/00—Application of thermometers in motors, e.g. of a vehicle
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K2217/00—Temperature measurement using electric or magnetic components already present in the system to be measured

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a vehicle window with a temperature sensor, a vehicle equipped therewith, a method for measuring its temperature and its use.
  • the temperature measured in this way can be used, for example, to control an air conditioning system and to regulate the temperature to a target temperature specified by the driver.
  • the temperature can also be used to control heating of the vehicle window itself, for example by means of integrated heating means or by means of an air flow directed at the vehicle window.
  • the window can be automatically defrosted when the temperature is below freezing point. This procedure is not optimal, however, since the temperature in the interior does not exactly correspond to the temperature of the pane. It would also be possible to measure the temperature of the pane itself using temperature sensors attached to it. However, sensors that need to be retrofitted increase the production costs of the vehicle, increase the space requirement and are sometimes prone to errors.
  • Such coatings can be used, for example, to improve thermal comfort in the interior.
  • the coatings can reflect infrared components of the solar radiation or, as so-called emissivity-reducing coatings (LowE coatings), prevent the radiation of thermal radiation from the vehicle window itself into the interior. When a current flows through the coatings, they can be used to heat the vehicle window.
  • IR protective coatings the coatings can reflect infrared components of the solar radiation or, as so-called emissivity-reducing coatings (LowE coatings), prevent the radiation of thermal radiation from the vehicle window itself into the interior. When a current flows through the coatings, they can be used to heat the vehicle window.
  • Such coatings are well known from a large number of publications.
  • W003 / 024155 W003 / 024155, US20070082219A1, US20070020465A1, WO2013104438 or WO2013104439, which disclose silver-based IR protective coatings or heatable coatings, as well as to EP2141135A1, WO2010115558A1, which are based on transparent, emissive and oxide-inhibiting coatings, WO2011105991 A1 and WO2011105991 .
  • the present invention is based on the object of providing a vehicle window with an integrated temperature sensor, as well as a method for measuring the temperature of such a vehicle window.
  • the temperature sensor is integrated directly into the vehicle window, so that it is not necessary to attach an external sensor at a later date.
  • the temperature sensor enables the true window temperature to be measured. It is formed on a transparent coating and is therefore optically inconspicuous.
  • the vehicle window according to the invention with a temperature sensor comprises at least one substrate and a transparent, electrically conductive coating on a surface of the substrate.
  • a transparent coating is understood to mean a coating which has an average transmission in the visible spectral range of at least 70%, preferably at least 80%, particularly preferably at least 90% and thus does not significantly restrict the view through the pane.
  • the substrate is preferably a pane of glass, in particular made of soda-lime glass, as is customary for vehicle windows.
  • the substrate can also be made of other types of glass, for example aluminosilicate glass, borosilicate glass or quartz glass, or also of transparent plastics, for example polycarbonate (PC) or polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA).
  • the thickness of the substrate is usually from 0.5 mm to 5 mm.
  • the vehicle window is designed as single-pane safety glass (ESG) or as laminated safety glass (VSG).
  • a toughened safety glass is structurally formed only by the glass substrate, which is thermally pre-stressed.
  • the substrate is connected to another pane via a thermoplastic intermediate layer.
  • the substrate can either be the inner pane, which is intended to face the vehicle interior in the installed position, or the outer pane, which is intended to face the external environment in the installed position.
  • the further pane is preferably also a glass pane, in particular made of soda-lime glass.
  • the further pane can, however, also be made from other types of glass, for example aluminosilicate glass, borosilicate glass or quartz glass, or also from transparent plastics, for example PC or PMMA.
  • the thicknesses of the substrate and the further pane are usually from 0.5 mm to 3 mm.
  • the electrically conductive coating is preferably arranged on the interior surface of the substrate. This means that the surface that faces the interior when installed.
  • the coating is preferably arranged on the interior surface of the substrate which faces the intermediate layer and the inner pane. The electrically conductive coating is then protected from corrosion and damage inside the laminated glass.
  • the coating is preferably arranged on the outside surface of the substrate which faces the intermediate layer and the outer pane, being protected from corrosion and damage inside the laminated glass.
  • the coating is preferably arranged as an inner pane on the interior surface of the substrate.
  • the coating there are no requirements for the coating as long as it is electrically conductive.
  • Usual coatings are stacks of several thin layers, the electrical conductivity being provided by one or more electrically conductive individual layers.
  • the layer thicknesses of the individual layers of the thin-layer stack are usually less than 1 ⁇ m. If the coating is applied to an exposed surface of the substrate, for example the interior-side surface in the case of an ESG or a VSG with a substrate as the inner pane, the coating should be corrosion resistant.
  • Each electrically conductive layer is preferably formed on the basis of a transparent conductive oxide (TCO, transparent conductive oxide), in particular on the basis of indium tin oxide (ITO), alternatively, for example, on the basis of indium-zinc mixed oxide (IZO), gallium -doped tin oxide (GZO), fluorine-doped tin oxide (SnC> 2: F) or antimony-doped tin oxide (SnC> 2: Sb).
  • TCO transparent conductive oxide
  • ITO indium tin oxide
  • IZO indium-zinc mixed oxide
  • GZO gallium -doped tin oxide
  • F fluorine-doped tin oxide
  • SnC> 2 antimony-doped tin oxide
  • Sb antimony-doped tin oxide
  • Such coatings are used in particular as emissivity-reducing coatings (LowE coatings), where they reduce the emission of thermal radiation from the window into the interior and
  • conductive layers susceptible to corrosion can also be used.
  • Each electrically conductive layer is preferably formed on the basis of a metal, in particular on the basis of silver, alternatively, for example, on the basis of gold, aluminum or copper.
  • Such coatings are used in particular as IR protective coatings and / or heatable coatings in composite windows, with infrared radiation components of the solar radiation reflecting and / or being electrically contacted so that an electric current can be passed through them in order to heat the vehicle window.
  • the electrical connection is typically made via busbars, which are arranged along two opposite side edges over a large part of the width of the pane and are designed, for example, as strips of metal foil, in particular copper foil, or as a burned-in paste containing glass frits and silver particles, usually printed using the screen printing process.
  • the conductive coating has a linear or approximately linear temperature dependency of the electrical resistance in the temperature range from -30 ° C. to 50 ° C. This is advantageous with regard to an exact calibration of the temperature sensor.
  • the temperature sensor is formed by an area of the electrically conductive coating.
  • a temperature measuring field is formed in the electrically conductive coating.
  • the temperature measuring field is completely electrically isolated from the surrounding electrically conductive coating by a coating-free separating line.
  • the temperature sensor is arranged within the temperature measuring field.
  • the dividing line electrically decouples the temperature sensor from the conductive coating outside the temperature measuring field.
  • the temperature measuring field is completely surrounded by the conductive coating.
  • the dividing line then describes a self-contained shape, for example a rectangle or a different type of polygon or a circle or a different type of oval. In principle, however, it is also possible to form the temperature measuring field on the edge of the conductive coating so that it is only partially surrounded by the rest of the coating. The dividing line then runs between two points on the side edge of the conductive coating.
  • the shape and size of the temperature measuring field can be freely selected. It is advisable, however, to make the temperature measuring field as small as possible in order to guarantee the optical inconspicuousness of the temperature sensor.
  • the temperature measuring field has a size of at most 5 cm 2 , preferably from 0.5 cm 2 to 2 cm 2 .
  • the temperature sensor itself is formed from two electrical contact points and a measuring current path running between them.
  • the electrical contact points are used for the electrical contacting of the temperature sensor, that is, the electrical connection to the voltage source and the evaluation unit.
  • the contact points are preferably designed as a printed and burnt-in electrically conductive paste which contains glass frits and silver particles. The printing is usually done using the screen printing process.
  • the contact points are connected to electrical cables or are intended to be connected to electrical cables via which the electrical connection to the voltage source and the evaluation unit is established. If the electrically conductive coating and the electrical contact points are arranged inside a composite pane, flat conductors in particular are used as electrical cables.
  • an electrically conductive core which is typically designed as a strip of metal foil, in particular copper foil, in an electrically insulating, polymeric sheath.
  • flat conductors can also be used for contacting or rigid, solid connection elements can be attached to the contact points, which in turn are connected to the electrical cable by soldering or welding , Crimping or as a plug connection.
  • the electrical cables connected to the solid connection elements are usually stranded conductors, round conductors or ribbon-like metal mesh educated.
  • the connection of the flat conductor or the solid connection element to the electrical contact points is preferably made by means of a solder mass. Inside composite panes, however, the connection can also be made by purely mechanical pressure or by molten tinning of the copper strip.
  • the measuring current path is formed by an area of the electrically conductive coating and runs between the two electrical contact points. It therefore functions as an electrical conductor between the contact points, the electrical resistance of which is determined, which in turn is temperature-dependent and enables the temperature to be determined.
  • the measuring current path can be designed in different ways in the temperature measuring field. In this way, the areas of the temperature measuring field away from the measuring current path can be free of coating. This can be done, for example, by subsequently removing an originally full-area conductive coating or by masking techniques when applying the coating.
  • the measuring current path is preferably formed by insulation lines which are introduced into the electrically conductive coating and which direct the electrical current along the measuring current path. With the exception of the isolation lines, the entire temperature measuring field is provided with the electrically conductive coating.
  • the entire temperature measuring field suitably structured by isolation lines, forms the measuring current path. It is also possible for an area that forms a self-contained, convex geometric shape, for example a rectangle, to be appropriately structured overall by isolation lines and to form the measuring current path.
  • the measuring current path is only formed by a region of the coating within the temperature measuring field, which is in particular designed to be stretched in a line. It is formed by two parallel insulation lines which run between the contact points so that the measuring current path is electrically connected to the contact points.
  • the isolation lines electrically isolate the measuring current path extending between them from the surrounding electrically conductive coating.
  • the course of the measurement current path can be freely selected by a person skilled in the art according to the requirements in the individual case. It is not subject to any restrictions.
  • the measuring current path has a meandering or loop-like course. In this way, the longest possible measuring current path can be accommodated in the temperature measuring field to save space.
  • the measuring current path can also be linear and extend, for example, along a side edge of the vehicle window.
  • the measuring current path preferably has a length of 1 cm to 20 cm.
  • the width of the measuring current path is preferably from 0.1 mm to 2 mm.
  • the electrical contact points can be connected to a voltage source and are intended to be connected to such a voltage source.
  • the contact points are connected to the voltage source via the electrical cables attached to the contact points.
  • the voltage source is arranged outside the vehicle window and is typically part of the vehicle's electrical system. If an electrical voltage is applied to the contact points by means of the voltage source, an electrical current subsequently flows through the measuring current path between the contact points. Care should be taken to ensure that the voltage that is applied to the contact points for temperature measurement is not so great that the current flow leads to significant heating of the measurement current path and thus falsifies the measurement.
  • the power is preferably from 0.5 pW to 3 pW, particularly preferably from 1 pW to 1.5 pW. This achieves particularly good results, and a significant falsification of the measurement due to heating of the measuring current path can be excluded.
  • the temperature measurement is based on measuring the current strength of the electric current and from this to determine the electrical resistance, which is linked to the current strength and voltage according to Ohm's law. Since the electrical resistance is temperature-dependent, the temperature can be determined from the electrical resistance using suitable calibration data.
  • the calibration data can be in the form of a calibration table or a mathematical calibration function, for example.
  • the electrical contact points can be connected to an evaluation unit and are intended to be connected to such an evaluation unit.
  • the evaluation unit is suitable for measuring the strength of the electrical current, determining the electrical resistance of the measuring current path therefrom and using the calibration data from the electrical resistance to determine the temperature.
  • the evaluation unit comprises at least one current measuring device (also called ammeter or ammeter, colloquially also ammeter) and a processor for comparing the measured current with the calibration data.
  • the evaluation unit typically also includes a memory for storing the calibration data.
  • the evaluation unit is typically integrated into the on-board electrical system or electronics of the vehicle.
  • the vehicle window according to the invention is particularly preferably a windshield, but can also be, for example, a side window, rear window or roof window.
  • Windshields are always designed as composite windows, side windows, rear windows and roof windows can be designed as individual glass panes (in particular thermally pre-stressed ESG) or composite windows.
  • the vehicle window has a peripheral cover print.
  • cover prints are customary for vehicle windows, in particular in the case of windscreens, rear windows and roof windows.
  • the cover print is arranged adjacent to the side edge of the vehicle window, for example with a width of 5 cm to 20 cm, and surrounds the vehicle window like a frame.
  • the cover print is typically formed from an opaque, in particular black, enamel, which is applied to one or more pane surfaces using the screen printing process.
  • the primary purpose of the masking print is to conceal the adhesive bond between the vehicle window and the vehicle body and to protect it from UV radiation.
  • functional elements are often arranged in the area of the cover print in order to hide them, for example electrical connections or sensors.
  • the area of the circumferential, peripheral cover print is opaque and surrounds the transparent area of the vehicle window intended for viewing, which is referred to as the central viewing area in the context of the invention.
  • the area of the vehicle window is thus divided into the opaque area of the cover print and the see-through area.
  • the see-through area has a total transmission of at least 70%, at least in some areas.
  • the term overall transmission refers to the procedure for testing the light transmission of vehicle windows specified by ECE-R 43, Annex 3, Section 9.1.
  • the total transmission is at least 70%, in particular at least in the so-called field of vision A (field of vision A, zone A).
  • Field of vision A is defined there in Appendix 18.
  • the temperature measuring field according to the invention can be arranged completely in the see-through area or in the opaque area of the cover print. It is also possible for the temperature measuring field to be arranged partly in the see-through area and partly in the opaque area of the cover print.
  • at least the electrical contact points are arranged in the area of the cover print. This is advantageous with regard to the optical inconspicuousness of the temperature sensor, since the contact points are typically relatively conspicuous and are electrically contacted via cables. The contact points including the contacting are covered by the masking print.
  • the electrical contact points are arranged in the area of the cover print, while the majority of the measuring current path is arranged in the see-through area.
  • the contact points can be hidden while the temperature is measured in the transparent area, where they cannot be falsified by the effects of the masking pressure.
  • at least 80% of the measuring current path, particularly preferably at least 90% of the measuring current path are arranged in the see-through area.
  • essentially the entire measuring current path is arranged in the see-through area with the exception of short connecting sections which lead from the contact points in the direction of the see-through area.
  • the vehicle window is designed as a single pane of glass, in particular as single-pane safety glass, the electrically conductive coating on the interior surface of the substrate having at least one electrically conductive layer based on a transparent conductive oxide, in particular based on ITO.
  • This configuration is particularly suitable for side windows and rear windows.
  • the vehicle window is designed as a composite window, in particular as a laminated safety glass, the substrate being connected to a further window via a thermoplastic intermediate layer, and the electrically conductive coating on the surface facing the intermediate layer of the substrate is arranged and has at least one electrically conductive layer based on a metal, in particular based on silver.
  • This configuration is particularly suitable for windshields and roof windows, but also for laminated side windows and rear windows.
  • the substrate can be the inner pane or the outer pane.
  • the vehicle window is a windshield, in particular the windshield of a passenger car.
  • the electrically conductive coating has no interruptions in the central field of view A, for example due to laser-cut structuring lines.
  • the electrically conductive coating particularly preferably has no such interruptions in the central field of view B either.
  • the temperature measuring field is arranged outside the field of view A and the field of view B, respectively.
  • Field of vision A and field of vision B are defined in Regulation No. 43 of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UN / ECE) (ECE-R43, "Uniform conditions for the approval of safety glazing materials and their installation in vehicles") (cf. in particular Appendix 18).
  • Windshields typically have a peripheral masking print.
  • the electrically conductive coating preferably covers the entire see-through area, apart from any interruptions or coating-free areas that serve as communication windows or data transmission windows and are arranged outside the central field of view A or B, respectively.
  • the electrical contact points are particularly preferably arranged in the area of the cover print, while the majority of the measurement current path is arranged in the see-through area.
  • the electrically conductive coating has no interruptions outside the temperature measurement field. This configuration is suitable, for example, for side windows.
  • the temperature measuring field has further areas of the electrically conductive coating away from the measuring current path, care must of course be taken that the electrical current used for the measurement flows through the measuring current path and not around the surrounding coating.
  • This can be achieved through the arrangement of the contact points and the measuring current path, the measuring current path representing the shortest connection between the contact points.
  • the contact points can be arranged in the area of two opposite corners of the temperature measurement field and the Measurement current path meander between them.
  • each contact point is preferably electrically isolated from the surrounding electrically conductive coating by a coating-free contact separating line, apart from the measuring current path.
  • the contact separating line begins on one side of the measuring current path (or on the isolation line delimiting the measuring current path), runs once around the contact point and ends on the other side of the measuring current path (or on the other insulation line delimiting the measuring current path).
  • the only electrical connection between the contact points is then the measuring current path.
  • the design is particularly advisable when the two contact points are arranged relatively close to one another, for example in order to hide them on a side edge of the temperature measurement field behind the peripheral cover print.
  • the electrically conductive coating is preferably applied to a large part of the vehicle window - in particular at least 80% of the window surface is provided with the conductive coating.
  • the reflective coating is preferably applied over the entire surface of the substrate surface with the exception of the dividing line according to the invention and any isolation lines and contact dividing lines according to the invention.
  • further areas can be free of coating, in particular an optional circumferential edge area and optional local area which, as communication, sensor or camera windows, are intended to ensure the transmission of electromagnetic radiation through the windshield.
  • the circumferential uncoated edge area has a width of up to 20 cm, for example.
  • the entire substrate surface is preferably coated over the entire area and the coating is then removed again from those areas which should be free of coating.
  • the coating is preferably removed by laser stripping.
  • the stripping can also take place mechanically-abrasively, in particular in the case of flat, non-linear areas such as camera windows or a circumferential stripped edge area.
  • the dividing line according to the invention and any isolation lines and contact dividing lines according to the invention preferably have line widths of less than 500 ⁇ m, in particular preferably from 10 pm to 250 pm, very particularly preferably from 20 pm to 150 pm. This achieves effective electrical insulation and the lines are optically inconspicuous. Said lines are preferably introduced into the conductive coating by laser stripping, which has proven itself for industrial processes because thin lines can be stripped in a short time.
  • the radiation from a laser is focused on the coating and moved along the line to be stripped over the coating.
  • the coating material is removed by the laser radiation.
  • Processes for laser stripping are well known and can be freely selected by the person skilled in the art according to the requirements in the individual case.
  • the laser radiation is typically focused on the coated surface by means of an optical element such as a lens or an objective and moved over the surface by means of a laser scanner.
  • the laser radiation can basically have wavelengths in the UV range, visible range or IR range.
  • the wavelength of the laser radiation is preferably from 150 nm to 2500 nm, particularly preferably from 250 nm to 1200 nm.
  • an Nd-YAG laser which has proven itself for industrial applications can be used.
  • the Nd: YAG laser can be operated at its basic wavelength of 1064 nm or the frequency can be doubled or tripled.
  • other lasers can also be used, for example other solid-state lasers (for example a titanium-sapphire laser or other doped YAG lasers), fiber lasers, semiconductor lasers, excimer lasers or gas lasers.
  • the laser is preferably operated in a pulsed manner. This is particularly advantageous with regard to a high power density and an effective introduction of the insulating lines. Preference is given to using pulses in the nanosecond or picosecond range.
  • the pulse length is preferably less than or equal to 50 ns.
  • the pulse frequency is preferably from 1 kHz to 2000 kHz, particularly preferably from 10 kHz to 1000 kHz. This is particularly advantageous with regard to the power density of the laser during laser stripping.
  • the output power of the radiation from the laser is preferably from 0.1 W to 50 W, for example from 0.3 W to 10 W.
  • the required output power is particularly dependent on the wavelength of the laser radiation used and the degree of absorption of the electrically conductive coating and can be determined by a person skilled in the art can be determined by simple experiments.
  • the radiation of the laser is preferably at a speed of 100 mm / s to 10000 mm / s, particularly preferably from 200 mm / s to 5000 mm / s, very particularly preferably from 300 mm / s to 2000 mm / s over the electrically conductive Layer moves, for example from 500 mm / s to 1000 mm / s. This achieves particularly good results.
  • the invention also comprises a vehicle equipped with a vehicle window according to the invention, a voltage source and an evaluation unit, the electrical contact points being connected to the voltage source and the evaluation unit (electrically, in particular galvanically), an electrical voltage being able to be applied to the contact points so that an electric current flows through the measuring current path, and the evaluation unit is suitable for measuring the current strength of the electric current, determining the electrical resistance of the measuring current path therefrom and using calibration data from the electrical resistance to determine the temperature.
  • the above statements on the vehicle window apply equally to the vehicle.
  • the invention also includes a method for producing a vehicle window according to the invention.
  • the substrate is provided and one of its surfaces is coated over the entire area with the transparent, electrically conductive coating.
  • methods of physical vapor deposition are used here, particularly preferably magnetic field-assisted cathode sputtering (magnetron sputtering).
  • the coating can also be carried out by chemical vapor deposition or vapor deposition.
  • a circumferential edge area can be excluded from the coating or the coating can be subsequently removed again in this edge area, for example mechanically abrasive. This is particularly useful if the coating is susceptible to corrosion and the substrate is later to be connected to another pane to form a composite pane via the coated surface.
  • a circumferential dividing line is introduced into the coating in order to isolate the temperature measuring field from the surrounding coating.
  • a measuring current path is formed in the temperature measuring field, preferably by structuring the coating by means of insulation lines.
  • Electrical contact points are formed at the beginning and end of the measuring current path, preferably by printing and baking a conductive paste containing glass frits and silver particles.
  • the dividing line and the isolation lines are preferably introduced by laser stripping, in particular in a common process step. The contact points can be printed after or before the laser stripping.
  • the vehicle window is typically curved, as is customary in the vehicle sector.
  • the bending of the substrate and any further disk preferably takes place after the conductive coating has been applied and the insulating lines have been introduced.
  • Common glass bending methods such as gravity bending, press bending and / or suction bending can be used.
  • the substrate is preferably laminated to the further window via a thermoplastic film after bending.
  • the lamination takes place, for example, by autoclave processes, vacuum bag processes, vacuum ring processes, calender processes, vacuum laminators or combinations thereof.
  • the panes are usually connected under the action of heat, vacuum and / or pressure.
  • the invention also includes a method for measuring the temperature of a vehicle window according to the invention, wherein
  • the electrical resistance of the measuring current path is determined from the current strength
  • the temperature is determined using calibration data from the electrical resistance.
  • the above remarks on the vehicle window apply equally to the measurement method.
  • the invention also includes the use of a vehicle window according to the invention as a window pane of a motor vehicle, in particular as a windshield, side window, rear window or roof window.
  • the heating of the vehicle window is controlled as a function of the measured temperature. So can at temperatures where there is icing, frost or condensed liquid on the pane are likely to start heating the pane, either for a predetermined period of time or until a target temperature, which is also measured by the temperature sensor, is reached.
  • the limit temperature below which the heating is started is stored in the on-board electronics, which control the automatic heating.
  • the window can be heated, for example, by applying a stream of warm air or by heating elements in the vehicle window itself.
  • the electrically conductive coating is electrically contacted outside the temperature measuring field and serves as a heating element which is heated by current flow after a voltage is applied .
  • the heating current can be introduced as uniformly as possible through so-called busbars, which are arranged along two opposite side edges of the vehicle window and extend over almost the entire width of the coating.
  • the busbars can be designed, for example, as a printed and burned-in paste containing glass frits and silver particles, or as strips of metal foil, in particular copper foil.
  • the measured temperature can, however, also be used for other purposes, for example it can be displayed for information purposes for the driver or it can be used as a basis for an automatic control of the air conditioning system.
  • FIG. 1 shows a plan view of an embodiment of the vehicle window according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a cross section through the vehicle window from FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 6 shows a diagram of the temperature-dependent electrical resistance of an exemplary electrically conductive coating.
  • the vehicle window is the windshield of a passenger car and is designed as a laminated window (VSG, laminated safety glass). It comprises a substrate 1, which forms the inner pane of the composite pane, a further pane 2, which forms the outer pane, and a thermoplastic intermediate layer 3, which connects the inner pane and the outer pane to one another.
  • the substrate 1 is, for example, a pane of soda-lime glass with a thickness of 1.6 mm.
  • the further pane 2 is, for example, a pane of soda-lime glass with a thickness of 2.1 mm.
  • the intermediate layer 3 is formed, for example, from a plasticizer-containing film made of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) with a thickness of 0.76 mm.
  • PVSG laminated safety glass
  • the vehicle window has a peripheral cover print 5, which is formed from a black enamel and is printed on the surface of the further window 2 facing the intermediate layer 3.
  • the cover print 5 makes a circumferential edge area of the vehicle window opaque.
  • the opaque edge area surrounds the transparent central see-through area of the vehicle window.
  • the surface of the substrate 1 facing the intermediate layer 3 is provided with an electrically conductive coating 4.
  • the coating 4 is, for example, a thin-film stack containing several electrically conductive layers based on silver in addition to numerous dielectric layers.
  • the substrate 1 is not coated.
  • the corrosion-prone coating 4 is thereby protected from corrosion in the interior of the composite pane.
  • the edge of the coating 4 is covered by the cover print 5.
  • a temperature measuring field 10 is formed, which the
  • the temperature measuring field 10 can also be arranged completely or partially in the opaque edge region of the cover print 5. Possible configurations of the temperature measuring field 10 are shown in the following figures
  • FIG. 3 shows a first exemplary embodiment of the temperature measuring field 10. It is delimited by a circumferential dividing line 11 by which the temperature measuring field 10 (more precisely the electrically conductive coating 4 within the temperature measuring field 10) is electrically isolated from the surrounding coating 4.
  • the temperature sensor is formed in the temperature measuring field 10 and consists of two electrical contact points 12.1, 12.2 and one that runs between them
  • the contact points 12.1, 12.2 are, for example, made square from a printed and burnt-in conductive paste containing glass frits and silver particles.
  • the measuring current path 14 is formed from a region of the coating 4 which is electrically isolated from the surrounding coating 4 by two parallel isolation lines 13.1, 13.2.
  • the isolation lines 13.1, 13.2 run from the first contact point 12.1 to the second contact point 12.2, the coating 4 located between them forming the measuring current path 14.
  • the contact points 12.1, 12.2 are arranged far away from one another in the area of two opposite corners of the temperature measuring field 10.
  • the measuring current path 14 runs in a meandering manner between the contact points 12.1, 12.2 in order to save space.
  • the 4 shows a second exemplary embodiment of the temperature measuring field 10. It is also delimited by a circumferential dividing line 11.
  • the two electrical contact points 12.1, 12.2 are arranged adjacent to one another in the vicinity of the lower edge of the temperature measuring field.
  • the measuring current path 14 runs like a loop between the contact points 12.1, 12.2.
  • Such a configuration is particularly suitable when the contact points 12.1, 12.2 are to be arranged in the opaque edge area of the cover print 5, while the measuring current path 14 is to be arranged predominantly in the see-through area. Otherwise the configuration corresponds to that from FIG. 3.
  • each contact point 12.1, 12.2 is electrically isolated from the surrounding electrically conductive coating 4 by a contact separating line 15.1, 15.2.
  • the contact dividing lines 15.1, 15.2 run from the first isolation line 13.1 around the respective contact point 12.1, 12.2 to the second isolation line 13.2.
  • the contact points 12.1, 12.2 are thus electrically connected to one another only via the measuring current path 14, so that the electrical current flow is forced via the measuring current path 14.
  • FIG. 5 shows a third exemplary embodiment of the temperature measuring field 10. It is also delimited by a circumferential dividing line 11. The embodiment differs from that of FIGS , 12.2 run, is formed. Instead, a rectangular area, which is delimited at two opposite corners by the contact points 12.1, 12.2, is structured by isolation lines 13 in such a way that it forms the measurement current path 14 as a whole.
  • the temperature measuring field 10 has a circumferential coated area which is not part of the measuring current path 14, but rather surrounds it like a frame. However, it would also be possible to use the entire temperature measuring field 10 as a measuring current path 14 if the contact points 12.1, 12.2 are moved to the corners of the temperature measuring field 10.
  • the design of the measuring current path 14 by means of isolation lines 13 can be freely selected by the person skilled in the art and is not subject to any restrictions.
  • 6 shows the temperature dependency of an exemplary electrically conductive coating 4.
  • the coating 4 is a thin-film stack which contains a plurality of electrically conductive silver layers and a multiplicity of dielectric layers. Such coatings are known per se and are used for windshields as IR protective coatings and / or heatable coatings.
  • the electrical resistance is plotted against the temperature, whereby an approximately linear dependency can be recognized. This temperature dependency enables the temperature to be determined on the basis of the measured resistance if corresponding calibration data are used by the evaluation unit.
  • thermoplastic intermediate layer (2) another pane (3) thermoplastic intermediate layer

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Surface Treatment Of Glass (AREA)
  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
  • Measuring Temperature Or Quantity Of Heat (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention se rapporte à une vitre de véhicule munie d'un capteur de température, comprenant un substrat (1) et un revêtement électroconducteur transparent (4) sur une surface du substrat (1), - un champ de mesure de température (10) est formé dans le revêtement électroconducteur (4), ledit champ de mesure de température étant électriquement isolé du revêtement électroconducteur environnant (4) par une ligne de séparation (11), - un trajet de courant de mesure (14) s'étendant entre deux points de contact électrique (12.1, 12.2) étant formé à partir d'une région du revêtement électroconducteur (4) dans le champ de mesure de température (10), - les points de contact électrique (12.1, 12.2) pouvant être connectés à une source de tension de telle sorte qu'un courant électrique circule à travers le trajet de courant de mesure (14), et - les points de contact électrique (12.1, 12.2) pouvant être connectés à une unité d'analyse permettant de mesurer l'intensité du courant électrique, de déterminer la résistance électrique du trajet de courant de mesure (14) à partir de cette dernière, et de déterminer la température à partir de la résistance électrique à l'aide de données d'étalonnage.
EP21700778.0A 2020-02-12 2021-01-20 Vitre de véhicule à capteur de température intégré Pending EP4103922A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20156850 2020-02-12
PCT/EP2021/051138 WO2021160388A1 (fr) 2020-02-12 2021-01-20 Vitre de véhicule à capteur de température intégré

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EP4103922A1 true EP4103922A1 (fr) 2022-12-21

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US (1) US20230073820A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP4103922A1 (fr)
KR (1) KR20220132643A (fr)
CN (1) CN113543970A (fr)
WO (1) WO2021160388A1 (fr)

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KR20220132643A (ko) 2022-09-30
WO2021160388A1 (fr) 2021-08-19
US20230073820A1 (en) 2023-03-09
JP2023513341A (ja) 2023-03-30
CN113543970A (zh) 2021-10-22

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