EP4071407A1 - Wärmetauscher für eine schlaufendichtung eines kessels mit zirkulierender wirbelschicht und ein kessel mit zirkulierender wirbelschicht - Google Patents

Wärmetauscher für eine schlaufendichtung eines kessels mit zirkulierender wirbelschicht und ein kessel mit zirkulierender wirbelschicht Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4071407A1
EP4071407A1 EP22164974.2A EP22164974A EP4071407A1 EP 4071407 A1 EP4071407 A1 EP 4071407A1 EP 22164974 A EP22164974 A EP 22164974A EP 4071407 A1 EP4071407 A1 EP 4071407A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
chamber
feeding chamber
bed material
wall
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP22164974.2A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP4071407B1 (de
Inventor
Pekka Lehtonen
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Valmet Technologies Oy
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Valmet Technologies Oy
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Publication of EP4071407A1 publication Critical patent/EP4071407A1/de
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B31/00—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus
    • F22B31/0007—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/18—Details; Accessories
    • F23C10/24—Devices for removal of material from the bed
    • F23C10/26—Devices for removal of material from the bed combined with devices for partial reintroduction of material into the bed, e.g. after separation of agglomerated parts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D13/00—Heat-exchange apparatus using a fluidised bed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B31/00—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus
    • F22B31/0007—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed
    • F22B31/0084—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed with recirculation of separated solids or with cooling of the bed particles outside the combustion bed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B31/00—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus
    • F22B31/0007—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed
    • F22B31/0084—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed with recirculation of separated solids or with cooling of the bed particles outside the combustion bed
    • F22B31/0092—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed with recirculation of separated solids or with cooling of the bed particles outside the combustion bed with a fluidized heat exchange bed and a fluidized combustion bed separated by a partition, the bed particles circulating around or through that partition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B31/00—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus
    • F22B31/08—Installation of heat-exchange apparatus or of means in boilers for heating air supplied for combustion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/10—Water tubes; Accessories therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/02—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed
    • F23C10/04—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone
    • F23C10/06—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone the circulating movement being promoted by inducing differing degrees of fluidisation in different parts of the bed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/02—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed
    • F23C10/04—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone
    • F23C10/08—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases
    • F23C10/10—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases the separation apparatus being located outside the combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/22—Arrangements for directing heat-exchange media into successive compartments, e.g. arrangements of guide plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2206/00—Fluidised bed combustion
    • F23C2206/10—Circulating fluidised bed
    • F23C2206/103—Cooling recirculating particles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to heat exchangers.
  • the invention relates to particle coolers.
  • the invention relates to loopseal heat exchangers.
  • the invention relates to circulating fluidized bed boilers.
  • a fluidized bed heat exchanger is known from US 5,184,671 .
  • the fluidized bed heat exchanger may be arranged in connection with a steam generator to recover heat from the bed material of the fluidized bed.
  • steam is fed into the heat exchanger and becomes superheated, whereby such a fluidized bed heat exchanger may be referred to as a fluidized bed superheater.
  • a fluidized bed heat exchanger may be arranged in the loopseal. In such a case the heat exchanger may be referred to as a loopseal heat exchanger or a loopseal superheater.
  • the fluidized bed heat exchanger known from US 5,184,671 comprises a heat exchange chamber (Fig. 1, B) provided with heat transfer tubes, and parallel thereto a bypass chamber (Fig. 1, C) without heat exchanger tubes.
  • the bypass chamber is as large as the heat exchange chamber. Since the heat exchanger comprises only one chamber provided with heat exchanger tubes, controlling the heat exchange by only controlling the fluidizing air velocities in these two chambers (B, C) to a sufficient degree is problematic. Accurate control is required in order to produce superheated steam of which temperature and pressure are optimized for a subsequent steam turbine.
  • the steam turbine is typically sensitive to steam temperature and pressure.
  • a loopseal superheater with two separate heat exchange chambers is known e.g. from WO 2018/083367 .
  • Some parts of Fig. 2a of that publication are reproduced as Fig. 7 of this specification.
  • Two separately controllable heat exchange chambers provide for better control of the heat exchange from the bed material to the steam.
  • the two heat exchange chambers are reproduced in Fig. 7 and shown by the reference numerals 410, 420.
  • two separate feeding chambers 310, 320 in prior art, are arranged side-by-side. Moreover, each one of the feeding chambers 310, 320 feeds bed material to only one of the heat exchange chambers 410, 420, respectively.
  • the efficiency of particle separators used in circulating fluidized bed boilers has improved. This has resulted in the boiler having only a small particle separator, such as a cyclone. Also, demand for decentralized boiler units with smaller size and capacity is growing. This also indicates a tendency towards smaller particle separators.
  • the size of the particle separator decreases, typically less space is available for the heat exchanger.
  • the heat exchangers are manufactured such that the builder thereof (i.e. a person) enters into a chamber or chambers of the heat exchanger to provide e.g. protective refractory on at least some parts of the walls of the heat exchanger.
  • the individual chambers of the heat exchanger should be sufficiently large for manufacturing, i.e. for a person to enter therein.
  • the overall size of the heat exchanger should be sufficiently small.
  • the heat exchange from the bed material to the circulating steam should be accurately controllable.
  • a purpose of the present invention is to present a heat exchanger that is suitable for use as a loopseal heat exchanger of a circulating fluidized bed.
  • the chambers of the heat exchanger are suitably large for a person to enter the heat exchanger, even if the overall size (at least in one direction) is reasonably small.
  • the heat exchange from the bed material flowing in between heat exchange tubes to the circulating steam flowing inside the tubes is accurately controllable.
  • the heat exchanger comprises first and second heat exchanger tubes such that the bed material is configured to run through a first feeding chamber to the first heat exchanger tubes and through a second feeding chamber to the second heat exchanger tubes.
  • the first feeding chamber is configured to supply bed material to the second feeding chamber. This saves space compared e.g. to the solution of Fig. 7 where two separate feeding chambers 310, 320 are arranged side-by-side and to feed bed material only to only one of the heat exchange chambers.
  • the direction Sz is, in use of the heat exchanger, substantially vertical and upwards. In this way, the direction Sz is substantially reverse to gravity.
  • FIG. 1 shows a circulating fluidized bed boiler 1 in a side view.
  • the circulating fluidized bed boiler 1 comprises a furnace 50, a particle separator 40 (such a cyclone 41), and a loopseal 5.
  • flue gas channels are indicated by the reference number 20.
  • the boiler 1 comprises heat exchangers 26, 28 within a flue gas channel 20, the heat exchangers 26, 28 being configured to recover heat from flue gases.
  • Some of the heat exchangers may be superheaters 26 configured to superheat steam by recovering heat from flue gases.
  • Some of the heat exchangers may be economizers 28 configured to heat and/or boil water by recovering heat from flue gases.
  • some burnable material is configured to be burned.
  • Some inert particulate material e.g. sand, is also arranged in the furnace 50.
  • the mixture of the particulate material and the burnable material and/or ash is referred to as bed material.
  • a grate 52 is arranged.
  • the grate 52 is configured to supply air into the furnace in order to fluidize the bed material and to burn at least some of the burnable material to form heat, flue gas, and ash.
  • the air supply is so strong, that the bed material is configured to flow upwards in the furnace 50.
  • the grate 52 comprises grate nozzles 54 for supplying the air.
  • the grate 52 limits bottom ash channels 56 for removing ash from the furnace 50.
  • the bed material is conveyed through a flue gas channel 20 to the particle separator 40 in order to separate the bed material from gases.
  • the particle separator 40 e.g. cyclone 41
  • the separated bed material falls through a channel 60 to a loopseal 5.
  • a layer of bed material is formed. The layer prevents the combustion air or the fluidizing air from flowing in an opposite direction from the furnace 50 to the cyclone 40.
  • the bed material is returned from the loopseal 5 to the furnace 50 via a pipeline 15 configured to convey bed material from the loopseal 5 to the furnace 50. If the loopseal 5 has a common wall with the furnace 50, the bed material is returned from the loopseal 5 directly to the furnace 50.
  • a heat exchanger 10 is arranged in the loopseal 5.
  • the heat exchanger 10 may be referred to, alternatively, as a loopseal heat exchanger, since it suitable for being used in a loopseal.
  • the heat exchanger 10 is configured to recover heat from the particulate material, i.e. the bed material, circulating within the loopseal 5.
  • the channel 60 is connected to an inlet 31 of the heat exchanger 10.
  • the inlet 31 is for letting in bed material to the heat exchanger 10.
  • the heat exchanger 10 is suitable for recovering heat from particulate bed material of the fluidized bed boiler 1.
  • the heat exchanger 10 comprises walls (including the walls 510, 520, 530, 540, and 550) dividing the heat exchanger 10 to different chambers (including 100, 310, 320, 410, 420, and 200).
  • the chambers have floors (including 102, 202, 312, and 322) and ceilings (shown without reference numbers).
  • chamber refers to a space within the heat exchanger 10 that is separated from another chamber by a wall, i.e. a wall that is, in use, vertical.
  • a wall i.e. a wall that is, in use, vertical.
  • the wall separating the chamber from a neighbouring chamber needs not extend a full length from a floor to a ceiling of the chamber.
  • the heat exchanger 10 comprises first heat exchanger tubes 810 and second heat exchanger tubes 820.
  • a purpose of the heat exchanger tubes 810, 820 is to recover heat from the hot bed material flowing within the heat exchanger 10.
  • the heat exchanger 10 comprises a first feeding chamber 310 configured to supply bed material to the first heat exchanger tubes 810.
  • the heat exchanger 10 comprises a second feeding chamber 320 configured to supply bed material to the second heat exchanger tubes 820.
  • the purpose of the feeding chambers 310, 320 is to control the amount of bed material flowing on one hand to the first heat exchanger tubes 810 and on the other hand to the second heat exchanger tubes 820.
  • the first and second heat exchanger tubes 810, 820 are not arranged in the same chamber of the heat exchanger 10. In other words, the first and second heat exchanger tubes 810, 820 are arranged at different locations of the heat exchanger 10.
  • the first heat exchanger tubes 810 are arranged only on a first side of a plane P and the second heat exchanger tubes 820 are arranged only on a second, opposite, side of the plane P.
  • the heat exchanger tubes 810, 820 are arranged in such a manner relative to a plane P that is, in use, configured to be vertical; i.e. only on opposite sides of the plane P.
  • the first heat exchanger tubes 810 are arranged only on the first side and the second heat exchanger tubes 820 are arranged only on the second side of a plane P that intersects with at least one of the first feeding chamber 310 and the second feeding chamber 320; and that is, in use, configured to be vertical.
  • the first heat exchanger tubes 810 are arranged only on the first side and the second heat exchanger tubes 820 are arranged only on the second side of the plane P that intersects with both the first feeding chamber 310 and the second feeding chamber 320.
  • the first feeding chamber 310 is arranged between the first heat exchanger tubes 810 and the second heat exchanger tubes 820.
  • the tubes 810, 820 need not fill the heat exchange chambers 410, 420. In such a case, even if the first feeding chamber 310 is arranged between the heat exchange chambers 410, 420 provided with the heat exchanger tubes 810, 820, respectively, not even a part of the first feeding chamber 310 needs to be arranged between the first and second heat exchanger tubes 810, 820.
  • the first feeding chamber 310 is configured to supply bed material to the second feeding chamber 320. As depicted in Fig. 2 by an arrow, the first feeding chamber 310 comprises an outlet 316 for letting out bed material from the first feeding chamber 310 to the second feeding chamber 320.
  • a width W310 in the direction Sy of the first feeding chamber 310 (and optionally a width of the second feeding chamber 320, too) remains larger than if the feeding chambers 310, 320 were arranged next to each other in the direction Sy.
  • a purpose of the heat exchanger tubes 810, 820 is to recover heat, preferably, they are designed to be relatively long in at least one direction, which in Fig. 2 is denoted by Sx.
  • Sx the size of the heat exchanger 10 should be reduced, for efficient heat recovery at least a length of the heat exchange chambers 410, 420 should be kept as long as possible. Therefore, typically there is space available in the Sx direction particularly for such chambers that do not comprise heat exchanger tubes. In this way, space is saved, and accurate control of heat transfer is possible.
  • the feeding of the bed material to the heat exchanger tubes 810, 820 can be controlled independently of each other.
  • the first feeding chamber 310 is configured to supply bed material only to the first heat exchanger tubes 810 and to the second feeding chamber 320.
  • the second feeding chamber 320 configured to supply bed material only to the second heat exchanger tubes 820.
  • the second feeding chamber 320 is configured to receive bed material only from the first feeding chamber 310.
  • an inlet chamber 100 is configured to supply bed material to the first feeding chamber 310, and the inlet chamber 100 is configured to supply bed material to the second feeding chamber 320 only through the first feeding chamber 310.
  • the inlet chamber 100 may be configured to supply bed material also to a bypass chamber 200.
  • the white arrows in Fig. 2 indicate outlets (104, 314, 414, 434, 316, 324, 424, 444, 106, 204) for bed material of the different chambers.
  • outlets such arrows that do not have an overlapping line (i.e. the arrows for the outlets 314, 324, 434, 444, and 204) relate to outlets at an upper part of a chamber.
  • such arrows that do have an overlapping line or lines relate to outlets at a lower part of a chamber.
  • the outlets may be formed as apertures on the walls.
  • an outlet at a lower part of a chamber may be formed e.g. by a wall that extends from a ceiling downwards, but not to the level of a floor.
  • an outlet at an upper part of a chamber may be formed e.g. by a wall that extends from a floor upwards, but not to the level of a ceiling.
  • a first part of the bed material flows between the first heat exchanger tubes 810.
  • a second part of the bed material flows between the second heat exchanger tubes 820.
  • a third part of the bed material flows through the bypass chamber 200 and bypasses both the first and second heat exchanger tubes 810, 820.
  • the bed material enters the heat exchanger 10 via an inlet 31, which is arranged within an inlet chamber 100.
  • the bed material i.e. the first part and the second part of the bed material
  • the bed material may enter the first feeding chamber 310 through an outlet 104 (see Fig. 2 ). This is also indicated by the arrow A12 in Fig. 3 .
  • the bed material i.e. the third part of the bed material
  • the inlet chamber 100 is configured to supply bed material only to the bypass chamber 200 and to the first feeding chamber 310.
  • the second part of the bed material flows through the first feeding chamber 310 to the second feeding chamber 320.
  • the first part of the bed material runs to the first heat exchange chamber 410 through the outlet 314 (see Fig. 2 ).
  • the bed material runs between the first heat exchanger tubes 810 to the outlet 414 thereby heating the heat transfer medium (typically steam) running within the first heat exchanger tubes 810.
  • the bed material runs through the outlet 414 to a first outlet chamber 430, and through the outlet 434 to the pipeline 15, and eventually back to the furnace 50.
  • the outlet 434 may open directly to the furnace 50.
  • the outlet 414 may open directly to the furnace 50, whereby the first outlet chamber 430 may be omitted.
  • the second part of the bed material runs from the first feeding chamber 310 to the second feeding chamber 320 through the outlet 316 (see Fig. 2 ). From the second feeding chamber 320, the second part of the bed material runs to the second heat exchange chamber 420 through the outlet 324. In the second heat exchange chamber 420, the bed material runs between the second heat exchanger tubes 820 to the outlet 424 thereby heating the heat transfer medium (typically steam) running within the second heat exchanger tubes 820. The bed material runs through the outlet 424 to a second outlet chamber 440, and through the outlet 444 to the pipeline 15, and eventually back to the furnace 50. In case the heat exchanger 10 has a common wall with the furnace 50, the outlet 444 may open directly to the furnace 50. In the alternative, the outlet 424 may open directly to the furnace 50, whereby the second outlet chamber 440 may be omitted.
  • the heat transfer medium typically steam
  • the third part of the bed material may bypass both the first and second heat transfer tubes 810, 820.
  • the bed material may exit to the pipeline 15 through an outlet 204.
  • outlet 204 may open directly to the furnace 50.
  • One or some of the chambers of the heat exchanger 10 may be provided with an ash removal channel 19.
  • a purpose of the ash removal channel is to remove bottom ash from the heat exchanger 10.
  • Another purpose of the ash removal channel is for draining the bed material out of the heat exchanger for maintenance purposes. If bottom ash is removed from the heat exchanger 10 during operation thereon, the hot bottom ash may be conveyed to an ash cooler 600 (see Fig. 5 ) for recovering heat from the ash.
  • a circulating fluidized bed boiler 1 comprises a furnace 50, a particle separator 40 (such as a cyclone 41) that is configured to separate bed material from flue gases receivable from the furnace 50, and a loopseal 5 configured to receive the separated bed material from the particle separator 40.
  • the loopseal 5 is provided with the heat exchanger 10 as disclosed above and as will be disclosed below.
  • the heat exchanger 10 is arranged such that at least a part of the separated bed material is configured to run through the first feeding chamber 310. It is noted that another part of the bed material may run through the bypass chamber. The bed material may run to only one of the chambers 310, 200 at a time. However, in a typical use, a part of the bed material runs to the first feeding chamber 310 at the same time another part of the bed material runs to the bypass chamber 200. Moreover, the first part of the separated bed material is configured to run from the first feeding chamber 310 to the first heat exchanger tubes 810.
  • the second part of the separated bed material is configured to run from the first feeding chamber 310 to the second feeding chamber 320 and through the second feeding chamber 320 to the second heat exchanger tubes 820.
  • the first part of the separated bed material is configured to run from the first feeding chamber 310 to the first heat exchanger tubes 810 without running through the second feeding chamber 320.
  • the third part of the separated bed material is configured to run to the bypass chamber 200, and configured to bypass both the first and the second heat exchanger tubes 810, 820.
  • the heat exchanger 10 comprises a first wall 510 that limits the first feeding chamber 310 and the second feeding chamber 320. I.e. the first wall 510 separates an upper part of the first feeding chamber 310 from an upper part of the second feeding chamber 320.
  • the first wall 510 is shown in Figs. 2 , 3, and 4a .
  • the first wall 510 is, in use, vertical.
  • the first wall 510 comprises a first lower edge 512.
  • the first lower edge 512 is arranged at a higher vertical level than a floor 312, 322 or floors 312, 322 of the first feeding chamber 310 and the second feeding chamber 320.
  • the floors are shown in Fig. 3 . More precisely, if the floors 312, 322 are arranged on the same vertical level, the first lower edge 512 is arranged at a higher vertical level than this. However, if the floors 312, 322 are not arranged on the same vertical level, the first lower edge 512 is arranged at a higher vertical level than the higher floor of these two.
  • the first feeding chamber 310 is configured to supply bed material to the second feeding chamber 320 from between the first lower edge 512 of the first wall 510 and floor(s) (312, 322) of the first and second feeding chambers 310, 320.
  • the first lower edge 512 needs not be as wide as the feeding chambers (310, 320).
  • the first lower edge may be an upper edge of an aperture provided in the first wall 510.
  • the floors 312, 322 of the first feeding chamber 310 and the second feeding chamber 320 are arranged on the same vertical level.
  • the first lower edge 512 of the first wall 510 is not arranged on top of a part of the first wall 510. I.e. if the first lower edge 512 is an upper edge of an aperture of the wall 510, the aperture extends to the level of the floors (312, 322), or extends to a level of higher of the floors if not on the same level. This has the effect that the bed material may easily run from the first feeding chamber 310 to the second 320 feeding chamber.
  • vertical level refers to a position in the vertical direction, i.e. an altitude.
  • a horizontal plane is arranged at a vertical level. The vertical level thus defines the position of the horizontal plane.
  • the heat exchanger 10 is provided with nozzles for fluidizing the bed material.
  • the heat exchanger 10 comprises primary first nozzles 911.
  • the primary first nozzles 911 are, in use, arranged at a lower vertical level than the first lower edge 512 of the first wall 510. I.e. the primary first nozzles 911 are, in use, arranged below the first lower edge 512 of the first wall 510, but not necessarily directly below.
  • the primary first nozzles 911 are arranged in the first feeding chamber 310.
  • the primary first nozzles 911 are configured fluidize bed material in the first feeding chamber 310.
  • the heat exchanger 10 comprises primary second nozzles 921.
  • the primary second nozzles 921 are, in use, arranged at a lower vertical level than the first lower edge 512 of the first wall 510.
  • the primary second nozzles 921 are arranged in the second feeding chamber 320.
  • the primary second nozzles 921 are configured fluidize bed material in the second feeding chamber 320. By using the nozzles 911, 921, the bed material will become fluidized so as to flow from the chamber 310 to the chamber 320, and also through the chambers 310 and 320.
  • an amount of fluidizing air fed through the primary first nozzles 911 is configured to be controlled independently of an amount of fluidizing air fed through the primary second nozzles 921.
  • the control of air can be controlled e.g. by controlling the nozzles (911, 921) and/or controlling baffle plates affecting the air flow to the nozzles (911, 921).
  • a first baffle may control the air flow to the nozzles 911 and a second baffle may control the air flow to the nozzles 921.
  • the control may be automated.
  • a control unit may be configured to control the nozzles and/or the baffle(s) accordingly.
  • an embodiment of the heat exchanger 10 comprises secondary first nozzles 912 (see Fig. 3 ).
  • the secondary first nozzles 912 are arranged, in use, at a higher vertical level than the first lower edge 512 of the first wall 510. I.e. the secondary first nozzles 912 are arranged, in use, above the first lower edge 512 of the first wall 510, but not necessarily directly above.
  • the secondary first nozzles 912 are arranged in the first feeding chamber 310.
  • the secondary first nozzles 912 are configured fluidize bed material in the first feeding chamber 310. Because the secondary first nozzles 912 are arranged at a higher vertical level than the first lower edge 512 of the first wall 510 only a minute amount of the fluidizing air from these nozzles 912, if any, runs to the second feeding chamber 320.
  • the heat exchanger 10 comprises secondary second nozzles 922.
  • the secondary second nozzles 922 are arranged, in use, at a higher vertical level than the first lower edge 512 of the first wall 510.
  • the secondary second nozzles 922 are arranged in the second feeding chamber 320.
  • the secondary second nozzles 922 are configured fluidize bed material in the second feeding chamber 320. Because the secondary second nozzles 922 are arranged at a higher vertical level than the first lower edge 512 of the first wall 510 only a minute amount of the fluidizing air from these nozzles, if any, runs to the first feeding chamber 310.
  • an amount of fluidizing air fed through the secondary first nozzles 912 is configured to be controlled independently of an amount of fluidizing air fed through the secondary second nozzles 922.
  • an amount of fluidizing air fed through the primary first nozzles 911 is configured to be controlled independently of an amount of fluidizing air fed through the primary second nozzles 921.
  • the nozzles may be closed from top.
  • the secondary first nozzles 912 are closed from top so as to prevent bed material from entering into the secondary first nozzles 912 and the secondary second nozzles 922 are closed from top so as to prevent bed material from entering into the secondary second nozzles 922.
  • Figure 3 shows a curved lid or roof for the nozzles 912, 922 to prevent the bed material flow into the nozzles 912, 922.
  • This construction is shown in more detail in Fig. 6a .
  • the curved lid or roof 951 is shown by its own reference number.
  • the dotted lines indicate flow of air.
  • the nozzles can also be otherwise closed from top.
  • the nozzle has a curved shape, forming an U-shape that opens downwards.
  • a part 952 of a curved pipe closes the nozzle from above (i.e. from top).
  • a flat lid or roof 953 may suffice to prevent bed material for entering into the nozzle.
  • many parts of a lid or roof 951 may be substantially vertical, as indicated in Fig. 6d .
  • the primary first nozzles 911 may be closed from top so as to prevent bed material from entering into the primary first nozzles 911.
  • the primary second nozzles 921 may be closed from top so as to prevent bed material from entering into the primary second nozzles 921.
  • the second feeding chamber 320 comprises an outlet 324 for supplying bed material to the second heat exchange chamber 420 (see Figs. 2 and 3 ).
  • the outlet 324 of the second feeding chamber 320 is arranged, in use, at a higher vertical level than the first lower edge 512.
  • Fig. 4a More specifically, preferably, the whole outlet 324 is arranged at a higher vertical level than the first lower edge 512.
  • the outlet 324 may be limited by an upper edge of a wall separating a lower part of the second feeding chamber 320 from the second heat exchange chamber 420. A curved arrow A2 in Figs.
  • the outlet 324 of the second feeding chamber 320 is also arranged at a higher vertical level than the secondary second nozzles 922. This has the effect that the secondary second nozzles 922 can more reliably be used to control the bed material flow. Thus, the bed material thus not escape the second feeding chamber through the outlet 324 before it is fluidized by the air from secondary second nozzles 922.
  • the heat exchanger 10 comprises a second wall 520 that limits the inlet chamber 100 and the first feeding chamber 310.
  • the second wall 520 is, in use, vertical.
  • the second wall 520 comprises a second lower edge 522 that is arranged at a higher vertical level than a floor 312, 102 or floors 312, 102 of the inlet chamber 100 and the first feeding chamber 310. More precisely, if the floors 312, 102 are arranged on the same vertical level, the second lower edge 522 is arranged at a higher vertical level than this. However, if the floors 312, 102 are not arranged on the same vertical level, the second lower edge 522 is arranged at a higher vertical level than the higher floor of these two.
  • the inlet chamber 100 is configured to supply bed material to the first feeding chamber 310 from between the second lower edge 522 of the second wall 520 and floor(s) (102, 312) of the inlet chamber 100 and the first feeding chamber 310.
  • the second lower edge 522 needs not be as wide as the first feeding chamber 310 or the inlet chamber 100.
  • the second lower edge 522 may be an upper edge of an aperture provided in the second wall 520.
  • the floors 312, 102 of the first feeding chamber 310 and the inlet chamber 100 are arranged on the same vertical level.
  • the second lower edge 522 of the second wall 520 is not arrange on top of a part of the second wall 520. I.e. if the second lower edge 522 is an upper edge of an aperture, the aperture extends to the level of the floor (or higher of the floors). This has the effect that the bed material may easily run from the inlet chamber 100 to the first feeding chamber 310.
  • the heat exchanger comprises both the second wall 520 and the secondary first nozzles 912
  • the secondary first nozzles 912 are arranged at a higher vertical level than the second lower edge 522 of the second wall 520. This has the effect that the air blown by the secondary first nozzles 912 does not easily flow to the inlet chamber 100 and/or to the channel 60 through the inlet 31 (see Figs. 3 and 1 ).
  • the heat exchanger comprises both the first wall 510 and the second wall 520
  • these walls are parallel.
  • the first lower edge 512 is not arranged, in use, at a lower vertical level than the second lower edge 522. This ensures proper functioning of the first feeding chamber 310, because then there is a tendency of the bed material running from the first feeding chamber 310 to the second feeding chamber 320 rather than running from the first feeding chamber 310 back to the inlet chamber 100.
  • these edges 512, 522 are arranged at substantially the same vertical level.
  • the first feeding chamber 310 is arranged between the inlet chamber 100 and the second feeding chamber 320. Reference is made to Fig. 2 . As detailed above, for efficient heat recovery, at least a length of the heat exchange chambers 410, 420 should be kept as long as possible. Thus, typically there is space available particularly in this direction for these chambers 100, 310, 320. To clarify, in a preferable embodiment, the inlet chamber 100, the first feeding chamber 310, and the second feeding chamber 320 are arranged next to a first heat exchange chamber 410 provided with the first heat exchanger tubes 810. Herein the term "next to" means that only one vertical wall is arranged in between two chambers that are next to each other.
  • the inlet chamber 100, the first feeding chamber 310, and the second feeding chamber 320 are arranged next to a second heat exchange chamber 420 provided with the second heat exchanger tubes 820.
  • the heat exchanger 10 comprises a third wall 530 limiting the first heat exchange chamber 410 and a fourth wall 540 limiting the second heat exchange chamber 420.
  • These walls 530, 540 are shown e.g. in Figs. 2 , 4a , and 4b .
  • the third wall 530 is vertical and the fourth wall 540 is vertical.
  • the third wall 530 is parallel to the fourth wall 540.
  • at least a part of the first wall 510 is arranged between the third wall 530 and the fourth wall 540. It is noted that the first wall may extend in the vertical direction longer than the walls 530, 540.
  • the first wall 510 is perpendicular to the third wall 530.
  • the second wall 520 is present, preferably, at least a part thereof is arranged between the third wall 530 and the fourth wall 540.
  • the second wall 520 is perpendicular to the third wall 530.
  • a part of the third wall 530 limits the first feeding chamber 310.
  • a part of the third wall 530 limits the second feeding chamber 320.
  • a part of the fourth wall 540 limits the first feeding chamber 310.
  • a part of the fourth wall 540 limits the second feeding chamber 320.
  • the inlet chamber 100 is arranged in between the first feeding chamber 310 and the bypass chamber 200.
  • the bypass chamber 200 may be arranged next to the first heat exchange chamber 410.
  • the bypass chamber 200 may be arranged next to the second heat exchange chamber 420.
  • a part of the third wall 530 limits also the bypass chamber 200.
  • a part of the forth wall 540 limits also the bypass chamber 200.
  • the heat exchanger 10 comprises third nozzles 930 arranged at a lower part of the inlet chamber 100 and configured to fluidize bed material in the inlet chamber 100. Reference is made to Fig. 3 .
  • a width W310 of the first feeding chamber 310 is at least 500 mm. This allows for an operator to enter the first feeding chamber 310 e.g. during manufacturing thereof.
  • the width W310 is defined in a direction that is parallel to a direction of a minimum distance between the first heat exchanger tubes 810 and the second heat exchanger tubes 820.
  • the heat exchanger comprises the third and fourth walls 530, 540 and parts of the walls 530, 540 limit the first feeding chamber 310, the width W310 remains in between the third wall 530 and the fourth wall 540.
  • the width W310 there is not any technical reasons other than the size of the heat exchanger 10 for an upper limit.
  • the width W310 is so high that the first feeding chamber 310 can be divided to two parts side by side in the direction of the width W310 in such a way that a person can enter the parts, then there is no technical reason to guide the bed material through the first feeding chamber 310 to the second feeding chamber 320.
  • the first and second feeding chambers 310, 320 could be arranged side by side and the bed material could be arranged to flow into each directly from the inlet chamber 100, as indicated in Fig. 7 .
  • a width and a length of the inlet chamber 100 are equal to a width and a length of the channel 60 at the inlet 31 (see Fig. 6 ).
  • the width W310 is preferably equal to the width of the inlet chamber 100.
  • the width W310 may be e.g. from 500 mm to 1600 mm.
  • the width W10 of the whole heat exchanger 10, as defined in a direction that is parallel to a direction of a minimum distance between the first heat exchanger tubes 810 and the second heat exchanger tubes 820, may be e.g. at least 4000 mm.
  • the width W10 may be e.g. from 4000 mm to 7700 mm.
  • bed material may enter the first heat exchange chamber 410 through the outlet 314 from the first feeding chamber 310 (see Fig. 2 ).
  • the outlet 314 of the first feeding chamber 310 is arranged, in use, at a higher vertical level than the second lower edge 522 of the second wall 520 (see Fig. 4b ). More specifically, preferably, the whole outlet 314 is arranged at a higher vertical level than the second lower edge 522.
  • the outlet 314 may be limited by an upper edge of a wall separating a lower part of the first feeding chamber 310 from the first heat exchange chamber 410.
  • a curved arrow A1 in Figs. 4b and 3 indicates flow of bed material above such a wall through the outlet 314.
  • the first feeding chamber 310 serves as a gas lock and, for its part, prevents the bed material from running in a wrong, opposite, direction (i.e. not from the chamber 410 via the chamber 310 to the chamber 100).
  • the outlet 314 of the first feeding chamber 310 is arranged, in use, at a higher vertical level than the first lower edge 512 of the first wall 510 (see Fig. 3 ). More specifically, preferably, the whole outlet 314 is arranged at a higher vertical level than the first lower edge 512. Having the outlet 314 arranged above the first lower edge 512 has the technical effect that the flow of the material can be better controlled.
  • the outlet 314 of the first feeding chamber 310 is arranged, in use, at a higher vertical level than the secondary first nozzles 912 (see Fig. 3 ).
  • the heat exchanger 10 comprises a fifth wall 550 limiting a bypass chamber 200 and an inlet chamber 100.
  • the fifth wall 550 separates at least an upper part of the bypass chamber 200 from the inlet chamber 100.
  • the inlet chamber 100 comprises the inlet 31 for the bed material.
  • the fifth wall 550 comprises a fifth lower edge 552 (see Fig. 3 ).
  • the fifth lower edge 552 is arranged, in use, at a higher vertical level than a floor 202, 102 or floors 202, 102 of the inlet chamber 100 and the bypass chamber 200. In this way, the inlet chamber 100 is configured to supply bed material to the bypass chamber 200.
  • the fifth lower edge 552 is arranged at a higher vertical level than this. However, if the floors 102, 202 are not arranged on the same vertical level, the fifth lower edge 552 is arranged at a higher vertical level than the higher floor of these two.
  • the inlet chamber 100 is configured to supply bed material to the bypass chamber 200 from between the fifth lower edge 552 of the fifth wall 550 and floor(s) (102, 202) of the inlet chamber 100 and the bypass chamber 200.
  • the fifth lower edge 552 needs not be as wide as the inlet chamber 100 or the bypass chamber 200.
  • the fifth lower edge 552 may be an upper edge of an aperture provided in the fifth wall 550.
  • the floors 102, 202 of the inlet chamber 100 and the bypass chamber 200 are arranged on the same vertical level.
  • the fifth lower edge 552 of the fifth wall 550 is not arranged on top of a part of the fifth wall 550. I.e. if the fifth lower edge 552 is an upper edge of an aperture, the aperture extends to the level of the floor (or higher of the floors). This has the effect that the bed material may easily run from the inlet chamber 100 to the bypass chamber 200.
  • the bypass chamber 200 is suitable for bypassing the first and second heat exchanger tubes (810, 820) of the heat exchanger 10. This has the effect that the amount of bed material, from which heat will be recovered, can be controlled.
  • the heat exchanger 10 comprises fourth nozzles 940 arranged at a lower part of the bypass chamber 200 (see Fig. 3 ). The fourth nozzles 940 are configured to fluidize bed material in the bypass chamber 200.
  • the heat exchanger comprises fifth nozzles 950 arranged at a lower part of the first heat exchange chamber 410.
  • the fifth nozzles 950 are configured to fluidize bed material in the first heat exchange chamber 410.
  • the heat exchanger comprises sixth nozzles 960 arranged at a lower part of the second heat exchange chamber 420.
  • the sixth nozzles 960 are configured to fluidize bed material in the second heat exchange chamber 420.
  • the heat exchanger comprises seventh nozzles 970 configured to fluidize bed material in the first outlet chamber 430 (see Fig. 5 ).
  • the heat exchanger comprises eighth nozzles (not shown) configured to fluidize bed material in the second outlet chamber 440.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
  • Details Of Heat-Exchange And Heat-Transfer (AREA)
EP22164974.2A 2021-04-07 2022-03-29 Wärmetauscher für eine schlaufendichtung eines kessels mit zirkulierender wirbelschicht und ein kessel mit zirkulierender wirbelschicht Active EP4071407B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI20215411A FI129639B (en) 2021-04-07 2021-04-07 Heat exchanger for circulating fluidized bed boiler gas lock and circulating fluidized bed boiler

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4071407A1 true EP4071407A1 (de) 2022-10-12
EP4071407B1 EP4071407B1 (de) 2024-03-20

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US (1) US11835298B2 (de)
EP (1) EP4071407B1 (de)
JP (1) JP2022161026A (de)
CN (1) CN115307121A (de)
CA (1) CA3152199A1 (de)
FI (1) FI129639B (de)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5054436A (en) * 1990-06-12 1991-10-08 Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation Fluidized bed combustion system and process for operating same
US5184671A (en) 1987-12-21 1993-02-09 Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation Fluidized bed heat exchanger and method of operating same
WO2018083367A1 (en) 2016-11-01 2018-05-11 Valmet Technologies Oy A circulating fluidized bed boiler with a loopseal heat exchanger
WO2019086752A1 (en) * 2017-11-02 2019-05-09 Valmet Technologies Oy A method and a system for maintaining steam temperature with decreased loads of a steam turbine power plant comprising a fluidized bed boiler

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5095854A (en) 1991-03-14 1992-03-17 Foster Wheeler Development Corporation Fluidized bed reactor and method for operating same utilizing an improved particle removal system
US10429064B2 (en) * 2016-03-31 2019-10-01 General Electric Technology Gmbh System, method and apparatus for controlling the flow direction, flow rate and temperature of solids

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5184671A (en) 1987-12-21 1993-02-09 Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation Fluidized bed heat exchanger and method of operating same
US5054436A (en) * 1990-06-12 1991-10-08 Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation Fluidized bed combustion system and process for operating same
WO2018083367A1 (en) 2016-11-01 2018-05-11 Valmet Technologies Oy A circulating fluidized bed boiler with a loopseal heat exchanger
WO2019086752A1 (en) * 2017-11-02 2019-05-09 Valmet Technologies Oy A method and a system for maintaining steam temperature with decreased loads of a steam turbine power plant comprising a fluidized bed boiler

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JP2022161026A (ja) 2022-10-20
US11835298B2 (en) 2023-12-05
CA3152199A1 (en) 2022-10-07
US20220325961A1 (en) 2022-10-13
EP4071407B1 (de) 2024-03-20
CN115307121A (zh) 2022-11-08
FI129639B (en) 2022-06-15

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