EP4048924B1 - Planetary gear, especially multiplanetary gear, for a wind power plant - Google Patents
Planetary gear, especially multiplanetary gear, for a wind power plant Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP4048924B1 EP4048924B1 EP20771500.4A EP20771500A EP4048924B1 EP 4048924 B1 EP4048924 B1 EP 4048924B1 EP 20771500 A EP20771500 A EP 20771500A EP 4048924 B1 EP4048924 B1 EP 4048924B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- planetary
- carrier
- cheek
- web
- gear
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D15/00—Transmission of mechanical power
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H57/00—General details of gearing
- F16H57/08—General details of gearing of gearings with members having orbital motion
- F16H57/082—Planet carriers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
- F03D80/70—Bearing or lubricating arrangements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H57/00—General details of gearing
- F16H57/02—Gearboxes; Mounting gearing therein
- F16H57/023—Mounting or installation of gears or shafts in the gearboxes, e.g. methods or means for assembly
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H57/00—General details of gearing
- F16H57/04—Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating
- F16H57/0457—Splash lubrication
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2260/00—Function
- F05B2260/40—Transmission of power
- F05B2260/403—Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components
- F05B2260/4031—Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components as in toothed gearing
- F05B2260/40311—Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components as in toothed gearing of the epicyclic, planetary or differential type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H57/00—General details of gearing
- F16H57/02—Gearboxes; Mounting gearing therein
- F16H2057/02034—Gearboxes combined or connected with electric machines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H57/00—General details of gearing
- F16H57/02—Gearboxes; Mounting gearing therein
- F16H2057/02039—Gearboxes for particular applications
- F16H2057/02078—Gearboxes for particular applications for wind turbines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H57/00—General details of gearing
- F16H57/02—Gearboxes; Mounting gearing therein
- F16H57/021—Shaft support structures, e.g. partition walls, bearing eyes, casing walls or covers with bearings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H57/00—General details of gearing
- F16H57/04—Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
Definitions
- the invention relates to a planetary gear, with the help of which a torque and a speed can be converted.
- a planetary gear for a wind turbine in which two opposing carrier cheeks of a planet carrier are connected to one another via axially extending planet carrier webs.
- a radially outward-facing cylindrical surface of the planet carrier web is designed to be clearly offset radially inward from a radially outer edge of the carrier cheeks and merges into the carrier cheeks with a sharp edge.
- the cylindrical lateral surface of the planet carrier web is arranged at a radius to the axis of rotation of the planet carrier, on which a rolling bearing is also provided between a bearing pin connected to the carrier cheeks and a planet gear mounted on the bearing pin. The rolling bearing is inserted into an inner diameter of the planet gear.
- a planet carrier for a planetary gear which can be inserted into a ring gear from both axial sides, with carrier cheeks extending beyond an inner diameter of an internal toothing of the ring gear being able to be clipped together via planet carrier webs which run radially inwardly offset from the internal toothing of the ring gear.
- a planetary gear is known with two axially juxtaposed planetary sets that share a common disk of a planetary carrier, with the respective planetary carrier being connected to the shared disk by another via planetary webs Disc has.
- the planetary webs are positioned radially inwardly offset from the outer diameter of the disks.
- US 2019/0285142 A1 shows a multi-planetary gear with a plurality of planet carriers bearing planet gears, which can be inserted into a common ring gear.
- the respective planet carrier has carrier cheeks connected to one another via planet carrier webs that are offset radially inwards.
- the full tooth length of the planet gears protrudes radially outwards beyond the outer diameter of the carrier cheeks.
- a planetary gear in particular a multi-planetary gear
- a wind turbine with a planet carrier having a first carrier cheek and a second carrier cheek, planet gears rotatably mounted on the first carrier cheek and the second carrier cheek via a bearing pin, a ring gear meshing with the planet gears, with between one Cheek outer diameter of the first carrier cheek and the second carrier cheek on the one hand and an inner diameter of the ring gear on the other hand, an assembly clearance is formed, the cheek outer diameter of the carrier cheeks being chosen so large that the carrier cheeks just move radially past an internal toothing of the ring gear in the axial direction during assembly can be, and at least one planet carrier web positioning the first carrier cheek and the second carrier cheek at a defined distance from one another, an outer side of the planet carrier web pointing radially outward being arranged radially outside of an inner diameter of the planet gears, the outside of the planet carrier web being radially outside a root circle radius of an external toothing of the planetary gear is arranged and
- the multi-planetary gear In order to increase the power density in a drive train of a wind turbine and to maintain good efficiency in the power to be transmitted, it is possible to connect several multi-planetary gearboxes in series.
- the multi-planetary gear In comparison to a conventional planetary gear with three planetary gears, the multi-planetary gear has four, five or more planetary gears and can have a comparatively low stationary gear ratio.
- Planetary gears designed as multi-planetary gears have a stationary gear ratio i 0 of 1.0 ⁇
- the planet gears have a small diameter compared to a sun gear meshing with the planet gears, so that the radial distance between the The tip circle diameter of the external teeth of the sun gear and the tip circle diameter of the internal teeth of the ring gear is very narrow.
- the planet gears should be supported axially on the carrier cheeks, so that the carrier cheeks must have a large external cheek diameter.
- the outer cheek diameter is chosen to be so large that the carrier cheeks can just be moved radially within the internal toothing of the ring gear in the axial direction during assembly. As a result, a rather small game is formed between the outer cheek diameter of the carrier cheeks and the tip circle diameter of the internal toothing of the ring gear.
- the carrier cheeks are axially offset from the internal toothing of the ring gear, a very small radial distance between the cheek outer diameter and the inner diameter of the ring gear can be provided, while the outside of the planet carrier web is offset somewhat radially inwards from the cheek outer diameter of the carrier cheeks in order to prevent abutment the internal toothing of the ring gear, taking into account manufacturing and manufacturing tolerances and, if necessary, thermal expansion effects and / or centrifugal force effects.
- a distance a of the axes of rotation of two planet gears following in the circumferential direction with a tip circle diameter d a that corresponds to the outer diameter of the planet gear in particular only 1.0 ⁇ a/d a ⁇ 2.0, preferably 1.1 ⁇ a/d a ⁇ 1.5 and particularly preferably 1.2 ⁇ a / d a ⁇ 1.3.
- a roughly triangular gusset area in which the planet carrier web can be formed. The planet carrier web is positioned as close as possible to the ring gear without hitting the internal teeth of the ring gear.
- the radially outwardly facing outside of the planet carrier web can be provided in the common axial area with the internal toothing of the ring gear slightly radially inside the tip circle radius of the internal toothing of the ring gear, in particular the outside of the planet carrier web at least in a part of the circumferential angle range occupied by the outside substantially constant distance from the tip circle radius of the internal toothing of the ring gear at a substantially constant radius from an axis of rotation of the planetary gear.
- the outside of the planet carrier web is provided at least radially outside of an inner diameter of the adjacent planet gear, via which the planet gear is mounted on a bearing pin connected to the carrier cheeks.
- the planet carrier web can thereby be arranged in an installation space between the sun gear and the ring gear, where sufficient installation space can be formed between the planet gears following in the circumferential direction for a sufficiently large cross section for the planet carrier web in order to securely and stably support the carrier cheeks against one another and/or with one another connect.
- the cross section of the planet carrier web can be positioned far enough from the external teeth of the planet gears and the internal teeth of the ring gear in order to safely avoid impact and to ensure sufficient Not to affect lubrication.
- the outside of the planetary carrier web can even retain lubricant that drips from the internal toothing of the ring gear and/or divert it in the circumferential direction towards the planetary gears, so that the lubrication of the planetary gear is even improved with a reduced lubricant requirement.
- the outside of the planet carrier web can cover a part of the respective planet gear when viewed in the radial direction, so that lubricant that comes off the internal toothing of the ring gear does not pass between the planet gears in the circumferential direction, but is collected by the outside of the planet carrier web and diverted to the planet gears .
- the gusset area in which the planet carrier web is provided allows a comparatively pointed shape of the planet carrier web at the ends of the outside pointing in the tangential direction, which promotes the detachment of lubricant drops from the planet carrier web, in particular without the lubricant drop being attached to one of the outside due to adhesion effects
- the underside facing away from the planet carrier web is directed away from the adjacent planet gear.
- the resulting improved lubrication can further improve the efficiency and power density of the planetary gear.
- the planetary gear can have a sun gear that meshes with the planet gears and is arranged coaxially radially inside the ring gear.
- a torque flow transmitted via the planetary gear can in principle be initiated via the sun gear or the planet carrier or the ring gear and discharged via the sun gear or the planet carrier or the ring gear, provided this component is not already intended to initiate the torque.
- the sun gear, the planet carrier and the ring gear are rotatably mounted, wherein alternatively a component of the sun gear, the planet carrier or the ring gear is permanently or temporarily braked and / or coupled in a rotationally fixed manner and / or held motionless.
- the ring gear can be part of a fixed gear housing.
- the bearing pin can be connected to the first support cheek and to the second support cheek and in particular can be clamped in the axial direction between the first support cheek and the second support cheek.
- the bearing pin is fastened to the support cheeks so that it cannot move and the respective planetary gear is mounted on the bearing pin in a relatively rotatable manner.
- the planetary gear can be arranged in a gear housing, which protects the planetary gear from environmental influences and/or contamination.
- the gear housing can be designed to be motionless or rotate with the ring gear.
- the transmission housing has an oil sump for holding a lubricant, in particular lubricating oil.
- the outside of the planet carrier web has a maximum radially outer point in a common axial area in which the internal teeth of the ring gear, viewed in the radial direction, cover the outside, which has a radius based on the axis of rotation of the planetary gear, i.e. the axis of rotation of the sun gear, the ring gear and the planet carrier, Are defined.
- This imaginary radius runs through the planet gear in such a way that a large part of the planet gear is arranged radially within this radius and only part of the external toothing of the planet gear extends beyond this radius in order to be able to mesh with the internal toothing of the ring gear.
- This radius can extend completely outside the root radius of the external teeth of the planet gear or only extend in a small part of the circumference of the planet gear in the manner of a cutting secant radially within the root radius of the external teeth of the planet gear.
- the planet carrier web can thereby extend particularly far radially outwards, so that there is correspondingly better stability and stiffening of the planet carrier and the lubrication of the planet gears can be further improved by lubricant dripping from the ring gear. At the same time, just enough play can be provided between the planet carrier web and the internal teeth of the ring gear.
- the planet carrier web preferably has a first partial web formed in one piece with the first carrier cheek and a second partial web formed in one piece with the second carrier cheek, in particular the first partial web and the second partial web resting against one another in the axial direction.
- the planet carrier can thereby be designed essentially as a double-shell, in particular the first carrier cheek with the first partial web on the one hand and the second carrier cheek with the second partial web on the other hand can be designed essentially identically, whereby manufacturing costs can be reduced.
- the first partial web and/or the second partial web merges into the first carrier cheek and/or into the second carrier cheek, essentially on the outside diameter of the cheek, in particular the outside provided in a common axial region with the cavity of the planet carrier web over a curved and/or radius-shaped transition area merges into the first carrier cheek and/or into the second carrier cheek.
- a radial jump between the outer diameter of the carrier cheek and the outside of the planet carrier web as well as a sharp-edged transition can be avoided.
- notch effects in the transition area between the partial webs and the respective associated carrier cheek can be avoided or at least reduced, whereby the strength and rigidity of the planet carrier is improved.
- the first partial web and/or the second partial web merges into the first carrier cheek and/or the second carrier cheek at an angle forming a transition edge. Because the partial web does not merge into the carrier cheek without a step, for example over an asymptotic course, a radial offset between the outer diameter of the carrier cheek and the region of the outside of the planet carrier web provided radially within the internal toothing of the ring gear can be achieved over a comparatively small axial gap between the Carrier cheek and the internal teeth of the ring gear can be achieved, so that the axial space requirement can be kept low.
- the first carrier cheek and the second carrier cheek have a diameter taper in a common circumferential area with the planet carrier web to the radius of the radially outwardly facing outer side of the planet carrier web, in particular the diameter taper over a curved and / or radius-shaped course and / or at an angle forming a transition edge in the external cheek diameter of the first carrier cheek and / or the second carrier cheek transforms.
- the carrier cheek can have a correspondingly suitable external contour between the external diameter and the diameter of the diameter taper.
- the planet carrier web extends radially inwards at least up to an inner diameter of the planet gear, in particular at least up to an axis of rotation of the planet gear.
- the cross-sectional area of the planet carrier web can therefore be dimensioned appropriately large in order to sufficiently stiffen the planet carrier even with large torques to be transmitted.
- the gusset area radially inside the ring gear between the successive planet gears can therefore be largely occupied by the planet carrier web.
- the ring gear hitting the planet carrier web can be safely avoided within the permitted manufacturing and assembly tolerances.
- the distance is large enough that flow resistance between the components rotating relative to one another is avoided or at least negligibly small.
- the constant gap width s is formed between the planet carrier web and the respective adjacent planet gear, with an external diameter d a of the planet gear 0.01 ⁇ s/d a ⁇ 0.5, preferably 0.03 ⁇ s/d a ⁇ 0.2 and especially preferably 0.05 ⁇ s/d a ⁇ 0.1 applies.
- An underside of the planet carrier web facing the planetary gears can essentially run at a constant radius to an axis of rotation of the planetary gear adjacent in this area, so that the gap formed between them also has a constant gap width between the underside and the tip circle radius of the external teeth of the respective planetary gear. With such a gap distance, the gusset region can be largely occupied by the planet carrier web radially within the ring gear between the successive planet gears.
- At least three, in particular at least six, preferably at least seven and particularly preferably at least eight planet gears are provided, with a planet carrier web being provided in particular between each pair of planet gears that follow in the circumferential direction. Due to the space-saving design of the planet carrier web, it is possible to design a multi-planetary gear with a corresponding number of planet gears arranged closely one behind the other in the circumferential direction, without affecting the rigidity of the planet carrier. Due to the large number of planetary gears, the load on the individual planetary gear can be reduced, allowing high torques to be transmitted with high efficiency and high power density.
- the first carrier cheek and/or the second carrier cheek has a thrust washer for axially starting the planetary gear.
- the thrust washer is supported by the respective carrier cheek in particular over the full cross section of the planet gear.
- a plain bearing is formed between the planet gear and the bearing pin.
- the installation space requirement in radial Direction between the planet gear and the bearing pin, which would otherwise be required for a rolling bearing, can be significantly reduced.
- a plain bearing bushing which is significantly thinner than a rolling bearing, is placed on the respective bearing pin, on which the planetary gear can slide off in a relatively rotatable manner. This makes it possible to use planet gears with a correspondingly small diameter and/or to increase the diameter of the bearing pin, whereby the planet carrier can be further stiffened.
- the outside of the planet carrier web extends at least in part of the circumferential angle range occupied by the outside at a substantially constant distance from the tip circle radius of the internal teeth of the ring gear.
- the outside of the planet carrier web can run as close as possible to the internal toothing on a substantially constant radius to an axis of rotation of the planetary gear.
- the installation space formed in the gusset area between the ring gear and the planetary gears following one another can be utilized as well as possible in the circumferential direction and/or radially outward, thereby improving the strength and stability of the planet carrier web.
- the planet carrier is mounted in a gear housing, with a lubricant for lubricating the ring gear and the planet gears, in particular by splash lubrication and/or splash lubrication, being accommodated in the gear housing.
- the lubricant introduced into the gear housing can be used again and again to lubricate the planetary gear. Since the planet carrier webs support the lubrication of the planet gears, simple and cost-effective lubrication of the planetary gear is sufficient.
- the invention further relates to a drive train for a wind turbine with a rotor shaft that can be connected to a wind-powered rotor, a motor shaft in generator mode operable electrical machine and a transmission connecting the rotor shaft to the motor shaft in a torque-transmitting manner for converting a torque and a speed, the transmission having at least one planetary gear, which can be designed and further developed as described above, in particular the transmission having at least two or at least three planetary gears connected in series, which can be designed and developed as described above.
- the invention further relates to a wind turbine for generating energy from wind power, with a stand tower, a gondola attached to an upper end of the stand tower, a rotor that can be driven by wind power, an electrical machine that can be operated in generator mode and a drive train accommodated by the gondola, which is as described above - and can be further developed for torque-transmitted coupling of the rotor to the electric machine and conversion of a torque introduced by the rotor.
- a wind turbine for generating energy from wind power
- a stand tower with a stand tower, a gondola attached to an upper end of the stand tower, a rotor that can be driven by wind power, an electrical machine that can be operated in generator mode and a drive train accommodated by the gondola, which is as described above - and can be further developed for torque-transmitted coupling of the rotor to the electric machine and conversion of a torque introduced by the rotor.
- the industrial application can have a drive means, which can be designed, for example, as an electric machine, internal combustion engine, hydraulic motor or wind-powered rotor.
- the drive means can have a gear to convert a torque and a speed be coupled to the power generated by the drive means.
- the transmission of the industrial application which has at least one planetary gear, which can be designed and developed as described above, can in turn be coupled in a torque-transmitting manner to a mechanical application in which mechanical energy introduced via the transmission can be used.
- the mechanical application is, for example, a mill, vertical mill, sugar mill, cement mill, rock crusher, conveyor belt, pump, roller press, plate conveyor, tube mill, rotary kiln, slewing gear, agitator, lifting device, garbage press, scrap press, shredder for recyclable materials, if necessary beforehand separated and/or sorted waste or similar.
- Wind turbine 10 shown can be used to generate electrical energy from wind power.
- the wind turbine 10 has a rotor 12, which can be rotated by wind power.
- the rotor 12 is coupled to a drive train 14.
- the rotor 12 is connected to a rotor shaft 16, which is coupled to a transmission 18 within the drive train 14 in order to convert the torque introduced via the rotor 12 and the rotor shaft 16.
- the torque converted in the transmission 18 is supplied to an electric machine 20 operated in generator mode.
- the electrical energy generated by the electric machine 20 can be supplied to a rechargeable battery and/or a power grid.
- the drive train 14 is completely housed in a nacelle 22, which is attached to an upper free end of a tower 24.
- the gear 18 has at least one in FIG 2 and FIG 3 planetary gear 26 shown in more detail, in particular the gear 18 having a plurality of planetary gears 26 connected in series.
- the planetary gear 26 has a sun gear 28 which is rotatable about an axis of rotation of the planetary gear 26 and which meshes with planetary gears 30.
- the planetary gear 26 is designed as a multi-planetary gear that has more than three planet gears 30, which in particular are all arranged one behind the other in the circumferential direction at a common radius based on the axis of rotation of the planetary gear 26.
- the planet gears 30 in turn mesh with their external teeth 32 with internal teeth 34 of a ring gear 36 arranged coaxially to the sun gear 28.
- the respective planet gear 30 is rotatably mounted on a bearing pin 38, the bearing pin 38 being fastened to a first carrier cheek 40 and a second carrier cheek 42 of a planet carrier 44.
- the bearing pin 38 is retained captively and partially inserted into a receiving pocket 46 of the first carrier cheek 40 via a through opening 48 of the second carrier cheek 42.
- a plain bearing sleeve 54 is placed on the bearing pin 38, so that a plain bearing is formed between the planet gear 30.
- a rolling bearing can be provided instead of the plain bearing.
- the first carrier cheek 40 and the second carrier cheek 42 each have a thrust washer 56 on their axial sides facing the planet gear 30, against which the planet gear 30 can run axially during operation.
- the planet carrier 44 can be mounted relatively rotatably on a gear housing 66 via a roller bearing 64, with the ring gear 36 being connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the gear housing 66 via a radius region designed as a fastening flange.
- the gear housing 66 can be fixed motionlessly or rotatably mounted.
- the first carrier cheek 40 and the second carrier cheek 42 are positioned at a defined distance from one another via a planet carrier web 68.
- the planet carrier web 68 has a first partial web 70 designed in one piece with the first carrier cheek 40 and a second partial web 72 designed with the second carrier cheek 42, which, for example, rest against one another on their axial sides facing one another.
- the partial webs 70, 72 merge into the respective carrier cheek 40, 42 on the outer radius of the carrier cheeks 40, 42, although the planet carrier web 68 is bent somewhat radially inwards, so that in a common axial region with the internal toothing 34 of the ring gear 36 between an outer side 74 of the planet carrier web 68 and the internal toothing 34, a particularly small distance a is formed.
- the planet carrier web 68 in particular largely fills a gusset area 76, which results between the successive planetary gears 30 and the ring gear 36.
- an inner side 78 facing the respective planet gear 30 can follow the outer radius of the associated planet gear 30 and form a gap 80 with a substantially constant gap width between the planet carrier web 68 and the planet gear 30.
- a diameter d of the outside 74 of the planet carrier web 68 in its axially central region which is positioned radially inside the tip circle radius of the internal toothing 34 of the ring gear 36, as far as a cheek outside diameter D of the carrier cheeks 40, 42 can be offset radially inwards, that the outer sides 74 cannot abut on the ring gear 36 and are positioned radially outside of an inside diameter of the planet gear 30, in particular radially outside of a root circle radius of the external teeth 32 of the planet gear 30.
- the outside 74 merges into the respective carrier cheek 40, 42 over a radius R and at an angle ⁇ forming a transition edge 82 on the cheek outer diameter D without a significant notch effect.
- the carrier cheeks 40, 42 in the peripheral area of the planet carrier web 68 have a diameter taper 84 to the diameter d of the outside 74 of the planet carrier web 68.
- the diameter taper 84 in the circumferential direction can be analogous to that in FIG 6 In the transition shown between the outside 74 of the planet carrier web 68 and the carrier cheeks 40, 42, the diameter taper 84 merges into the outer diameter D of the carrier cheeks 40, 42.
- the gear 18 explained using the example of a wind turbine 10 with the at least one planetary gear 26 can also be used in another industrial application 86, as in FIG 8 shown.
- the industrial application 86 has a drive means 88, which is designed, for example, as an electric machine, internal combustion engine or hydraulic motor.
- the drive means 88 is torque-transmitting coupled to the transmission 18, which transmits the converted torque to a mechanical application 90.
- the drive means 88 is designed to output a drive power which is supplied to the transmission 18 via a first shaft 92 and is supplied from the transmission 18 via a second shaft 94 to the mechanical application 90.
- the speed of the first shaft 92 is greater than the speed of the second shaft 94.
- the mechanical application 90 is, for example, a mill, vertical mill, sugar mill, cement mill, rock crusher, conveyor belt, pump, roller press, plate conveyor, tube mill, rotary kiln, Slewing mechanism, agitator, lifting device, garbage press, scrap press, shredder for recyclable materials from, if necessary, previously separated and/or sorted waste or similar.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Retarders (AREA)
- General Details Of Gearings (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Planetengetriebe, mit dessen Hilfe ein Drehmoment und eine Drehzahl gewandelt werden kann.The invention relates to a planetary gear, with the help of which a torque and a speed can be converted.
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Es besteht ein ständiges Bedürfnis bei einem geringen Bauraumbedarf eine hohe Leistungsdichte bei einem Planetengetriebe zu erreichen.There is a constant need to achieve a high power density in a planetary gear with a small space requirement.
Es ist die Aufgabe der Erfindung Maßnahmen anzugeben, die bei einem geringen Bauraumbedarf ein Planetengetriebe mit einer hohen Leistungsdichte ermöglichen.It is the object of the invention to provide measures that enable a planetary gear with a high power density while requiring little installation space.
Die Lösung der Aufgabe erfolgt durch ein Planetengetriebe mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1. Bevorzugte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen und der nachfolgenden Beschreibung angegeben, die jeweils einzeln oder in Kombination einen Aspekt der Erfindung darstellen können.The problem is solved by a planetary gear with the features of claim 1. Preferred embodiments of the invention are specified in the subclaims and the following description, which can each represent an aspect of the invention individually or in combination.
Erfindungsgemäß ist ein Planetengetriebe, insbesondere Multiplanetengetriebe, für eine Windkraftanlage vorgesehen mit einem eine erste Trägerwange und eine zweite Trägerwange aufweisenden Planetenträger, an der ersten Trägerwange und der zweiten Trägerwange über jeweils einen Lagerbolzen drehbar gelagerten Planetenrädern, einem mit den Planetenrädern kämmenden Hohlrad, wobei zwischen einem Wangenaußendurchmesser der ersten Trägerwange und der zweiten Trägerwange einerseits und einem Innendurchmesser des Hohlrads andererseits ein Montagespiel ausgebildet ist, wobei der Wangenaußendurchmesser der Trägerwangen so groß gewählt ist, dass die Trägerwangen bei der Montage gerade eben noch radial innerhalb an einer Innenverzahnung des Hohlrads in axialer Richtung vorbeibewegt werden können, und mindestens einem die erste Trägerwange und die zweite Trägerwange auf einen definierten Abstand zueinander positionierenden Planetenträgersteg, wobei eine, nach radial außen weisende, Außenseite des Planetenträgerstegs radial außerhalb zu einem Innendurchmesser der Planetenräder angeordnet ist, wobei die Außenseite des Planetenträgerstegs radial außerhalb zu einem Fußkreisradius einer Außenverzahnung des Planetenrads angeordnet ist und zu einem radial inneren Kopfkreisradius der Innenverzahnung des Hohlrads stärker nach radial innen beabstandet ist als die erste Trägerwange und die zweite Trägerwange angeordnet ist, um ein Anschlagen an der Innenverzahnung des Hohlrads auch unter Berücksichtigung von Fertigungs- und Herstellungstoleranzen sowie gegebenenfalls Wärmedehnungseffekten und/oder Fliehkrafteffekten sicher zu vermeiden.According to the invention, a planetary gear, in particular a multi-planetary gear, is provided for a wind turbine with a planet carrier having a first carrier cheek and a second carrier cheek, planet gears rotatably mounted on the first carrier cheek and the second carrier cheek via a bearing pin, a ring gear meshing with the planet gears, with between one Cheek outer diameter of the first carrier cheek and the second carrier cheek on the one hand and an inner diameter of the ring gear on the other hand, an assembly clearance is formed, the cheek outer diameter of the carrier cheeks being chosen so large that the carrier cheeks just move radially past an internal toothing of the ring gear in the axial direction during assembly can be, and at least one planet carrier web positioning the first carrier cheek and the second carrier cheek at a defined distance from one another, an outer side of the planet carrier web pointing radially outward being arranged radially outside of an inner diameter of the planet gears, the outside of the planet carrier web being radially outside a root circle radius of an external toothing of the planetary gear is arranged and is spaced more radially inwardly from a radially inner tip circle radius of the internal toothing of the ring gear than the first carrier cheek and the second carrier cheek is arranged in order to prevent abutment against the internal toothing of the ring gear, also taking into account manufacturing and To safely avoid manufacturing tolerances and, if necessary, thermal expansion effects and/or centrifugal force effects.
Um die Leistungsdichte in einem Antriebstrang einer Windkraftanlage zu erhöhen und einen guten Wirkungsgrad bei der zu übertragenden Leistung zu erhalten, ist es möglich mehrere Multiplanetengetriebe in Reihe zu schalten. Im Vergleich zu einem herkömmlichen Planetengetriebe mit drei Planetenrädern weist das Multiplanetengetriebe vier, fünf oder mehr Planetenräder auf und kann eine vergleichsweise geringe Standübersetzung aufweisen. Beispielsweise ist für das insbesondere als Multiplanetengetriebe ausgestaltete Planetengetriebe eine Standübersetzung i0 von 1,0 < |i0| ≤ 3,0, insbesondere 1,1 ≤ |i0| ≤ 2,5, vorzugsweise 1,2 ≤ |i0| ≤ 2,0 und besonders bevorzugt 1,3 ≤ |i0| ≤ 1,5 ausgebildet. Bei einer derartig kleinen Übersetzung sind ein besonders hoher Wirkungsgrad und damit eine hohe Leistungsdichte erreicht. Allerdings ergeben sich dadurch hohe Anforderungen an die Geometrie und den Bauraum des Planetengetriebes. Die Planetenräder weisen bei einer derartig geringen Standübersetzung im Vergleich zu einem mit den Planetenrädern kämmenden Sonnenrad einen geringen Durchmesser auf, so dass der radiale Abstand zwischen dem Kopfkreisdurchmesser der Außenverzahnung des Sonnenrads und dem Kopfkreisdurchmesser der Innenverzahnung des Hohlrads sehr eng ist. Zudem sollen die Planetenräder axial an den Trägerwangen abgestützt werden, so dass die Trägerwangen einen großen Wangenaußendurchmesser aufweisen müssen. Der Wangenaußendurchmesser ist hierbei so groß gewählt, dass die Trägerwangen bei der Montage gerade eben noch radial innerhalb an der Innenverzahnung des Hohlrads in axialer Richtung vorbeibewegt werden können. Zwischen dem Wangenaußendurchmesser der Trägerwangen und dem Kopfkreisdurchmesser der Innenverzahnung des Hohlrads ist dadurch ein eher kleines Spiel ausgebildet.In order to increase the power density in a drive train of a wind turbine and to maintain good efficiency in the power to be transmitted, it is possible to connect several multi-planetary gearboxes in series. In comparison to a conventional planetary gear with three planetary gears, the multi-planetary gear has four, five or more planetary gears and can have a comparatively low stationary gear ratio. For example, for this in particular Planetary gears designed as multi-planetary gears have a stationary gear ratio i 0 of 1.0 < |i 0 | ≤ 3.0, in particular 1.1 ≤ |i 0 | ≤ 2.5, preferably 1.2 ≤ |i 0 | ≤ 2.0 and particularly preferably 1.3 ≤ |i 0 | ≤ 1.5 trained. With such a small gear ratio, a particularly high level of efficiency and thus a high power density are achieved. However, this places high demands on the geometry and installation space of the planetary gear. With such a low gear ratio, the planet gears have a small diameter compared to a sun gear meshing with the planet gears, so that the radial distance between the The tip circle diameter of the external teeth of the sun gear and the tip circle diameter of the internal teeth of the ring gear is very narrow. In addition, the planet gears should be supported axially on the carrier cheeks, so that the carrier cheeks must have a large external cheek diameter. The outer cheek diameter is chosen to be so large that the carrier cheeks can just be moved radially within the internal toothing of the ring gear in the axial direction during assembly. As a result, a rather small game is formed between the outer cheek diameter of the carrier cheeks and the tip circle diameter of the internal toothing of the ring gear.
Im laufenden Betrieb des Planetengetriebes muss jedoch sichergestellt sein, dass der Planetenträger nicht an der Innenverzahnung anschlägt, was bei einem eher kleinen Spiel zwischen dem Planetenträgersteg und dem Hohlrad nicht mit ausreichender Sicherheit garantiert werden kann. Zwischen der Außenseite des Planetenträgerstegs und dem Kopfkreisradius der Innenverzahnung des Hohlrads ist somit ein über das Montagespiel zwischen den Trägerwangen und der Innenverzahnung hinausgehender Abstand vorgesehen. Da die Trägerwangen axial zu der Innenverzahnung des Hohlrads versetzt sind, kann ein sehr geringer radialer Abstand des Wangenaußendurchmessers zu dem Innendurchmesser des Hohlrads vorgesehen sein, während die Außenseite des Planetenträgerstegs zu dem Wangenaußendurchmesser der Trägerwangen etwas nach radial innen versetzt vorgesehen ist, um ein Anschlagen an der Innenverzahnung des Hohlrads auch unter Berücksichtigung von Fertigungs- und Herstellungstoleranzen sowie gegebenenfalls Wärmedehnungseffekten und/oder Fliehkrafteffekten sicher zu vermeiden.However, when the planetary gear is in operation, it must be ensured that the planet carrier does not hit the internal teeth, which cannot be guaranteed with sufficient certainty given the relatively small play between the planet carrier web and the ring gear. Between the outside of the planet carrier web and the tip circle radius of the internal toothing of the ring gear, a distance that exceeds the assembly clearance between the carrier cheeks and the internal toothing is therefore provided. Since the carrier cheeks are axially offset from the internal toothing of the ring gear, a very small radial distance between the cheek outer diameter and the inner diameter of the ring gear can be provided, while the outside of the planet carrier web is offset somewhat radially inwards from the cheek outer diameter of the carrier cheeks in order to prevent abutment the internal toothing of the ring gear, taking into account manufacturing and manufacturing tolerances and, if necessary, thermal expansion effects and / or centrifugal force effects.
Zudem kann ein Abstand a der Drehachsen von zwei in Umfangsrichtung nachfolgenden Planetenrädern mit einem Kopfkreisdurchmesser da, der dem Außendurchmesser des Planetenrads entspricht, insbesondere lediglich 1,0 < a/da ≤ 2,0, vorzugsweise 1,1 ≤ a/da ≤ 1,5 und besonders bevorzugt 1,2 ≤ a/da ≤ 1,3 betragen. Zwischen den in Umfangsrichtung nachfolgenden Planetenrädern und zwischen dem Kopfkreisradius der Innenverzahnung sowie der engsten Stelle zwischen den einander nachfolgenden Planetenrädern ergibt sich ein grob dreieckförmiger Zwickelbereich in dem der Planetenträgersteg ausgebildet sein kann. Der Planetenträgersteg ist hierbei möglichst nah an dem Hohlrad positioniert, ohne an der Innenverzahnung des Hohlrads anzuschlagen. Hierbei kann die nach radial außen weisende Außenseite des Planetenträgerstegs in dem gemeinsamen Axialbereich mit der Innenverzahnung des Hohlrads geringfügig radial innerhalb zu dem Kopfkreisradius der Innenverzahnung des Hohlrads vorgesehen sein, wobei insbesondere die Außenseite des Planetenträgerstegs zumindest in einem Teil des von der Außenseite eingenommenen Umfangswinkelbereichs auf einem im Wesentlichen konstanten Abstand zu dem Kopfkreisradius der Innenverzahnung des Hohlrads auf einem im Wesentlichen konstanten Radius zu einer Drehachse des Planetengetriebes verläuft. Die Außenseite des Planetenträgerstegs ist hierbei mindestens radial außerhalb zu einem Innendurchmesser des benachbarten Planetenrads vorgesehen, über den das Planetenrad an einem mit den Trägerwangen verbundenen Lagerbolzen gelagert ist. Ein Punkt, an dem sich der Innendurchmesser des Planetenrads bezogen auf die Drehachse des Planetengetriebes, also der Drehachse des Sonnenrads, des Hohlrads und des Planetenträgers, maximal weit radial außen befindet, definiert einen Radius zu der Drehachse des Planetengetriebes, außerhalb dessen die Außenseite des Planetenträgerstegs vorgesehen ist.In addition, a distance a of the axes of rotation of two planet gears following in the circumferential direction with a tip circle diameter d a that corresponds to the outer diameter of the planet gear, in particular only 1.0 <a/d a ≤ 2.0, preferably 1.1 ≤ a/d a ≤ 1.5 and particularly preferably 1.2 ≤ a / d a ≤ 1.3. Between the circumferentially subsequent planet gears and between the tip circle radius of the internal toothing and the narrowest point between the subsequent planet gears, there is a roughly triangular gusset area in which the planet carrier web can be formed. The planet carrier web is positioned as close as possible to the ring gear without hitting the internal teeth of the ring gear. Here, the radially outwardly facing outside of the planet carrier web can be provided in the common axial area with the internal toothing of the ring gear slightly radially inside the tip circle radius of the internal toothing of the ring gear, in particular the outside of the planet carrier web at least in a part of the circumferential angle range occupied by the outside substantially constant distance from the tip circle radius of the internal toothing of the ring gear at a substantially constant radius from an axis of rotation of the planetary gear. The outside of the planet carrier web is provided at least radially outside of an inner diameter of the adjacent planet gear, via which the planet gear is mounted on a bearing pin connected to the carrier cheeks. A point at which the inner diameter of the planetary gear is maximally radially outward relative to the axis of rotation of the planetary gear, i.e. the axis of rotation of the sun gear, the ring gear and the planet carrier, defines a radius to the axis of rotation of the planetary gear, outside of which the outside of the planet carrier web is provided.
Der Planetenträgersteg kann dadurch in einem Bauraum zwischen dem Sonnenrad und dem Hohlrad angeordnet sein, wo zwischen den in Umfangsrichtung nachfolgenden Planetenrädern genügend Bauraum für einen ausreichend großen Querschnitt für den Planetenträgersteg ausgebildet werden kann, um die Trägerwangen sicher und stabil aneinander abzustützen und/oder miteinander zu verbinden. Gleichzeitig kann der Querschnitt des Planetenträgerstegs weit genug von der Außenverzahnung der Planetenräder und der Innenverzahnung des Hohlrads positioniert sein, um ein Anschlagen sicher zu vermeiden und eine ausreichende Schmierung nicht zu beeinträchtigen. Stattdessen kann die Außenseite des Planetenträgerstegs sogar von der Innenverzahnung des Hohlrads abtropfendes Schmiermittel zurückhalten und/oder in Umfangsrichtung zu den Planetenrädern hin ableiten, so dass die Schmierung des Planetengetriebes bei einem reduzierten Schmiermittelbedarf sogar verbessert ist. Hierzu kann insbesondere die Außenseite des Planetenträgerstegs in radialer Richtung betrachtet einen Teil des jeweiligen Planetenrads überdecken, so dass sich von der Innenverzahnung des Hohlrads lösendes Schmiermittel nicht in Umfangsrichtung zwischen den Planetenrädern hindurch gelangt, sondern von der Außenseite des Planetenträgerstegs aufgefangen und an die Planetenräder abgeleitet wird. Zudem erlaubt der Zwickelbreich, in dem der Planetenträgersteg vorgesehen ist, eine vergleichsweise spitze Form des Planetenträgerstegs an den in tangentialer Richtung weisenden Enden der Außenseite, die ein Ablösen von Schmiermitteltropfen von dem Planetenträgersteg begünstigen, insbesondere ohne dass der Schmiermitteltropfen durch Adhäsionseffekte an einer von der Außenseite des Planetenträgerstegs weg weisenden Unterseite von dem benachbarten Planetenrad weggeleitet wird. Die dadurch erreichte verbesserte Schmierung kann den Wirkungsgrad und die Leistungsdichte des Planetengetriebes weiter verbessern. Durch die Anordnung des Planetenträgerstegs in einem Zwickelbereich kurz unterhalb des Hohlrads kann bei beengten Bauraumverhältnissen eine stabile Abstützung der Trägerwangen und eine verbesserte Schmierung erreicht werden, so dass bei einem geringen Bauraumbedarf ein Planetengetriebe mit einer hohen Leistungsdichte ermöglicht ist.The planet carrier web can thereby be arranged in an installation space between the sun gear and the ring gear, where sufficient installation space can be formed between the planet gears following in the circumferential direction for a sufficiently large cross section for the planet carrier web in order to securely and stably support the carrier cheeks against one another and/or with one another connect. At the same time, the cross section of the planet carrier web can be positioned far enough from the external teeth of the planet gears and the internal teeth of the ring gear in order to safely avoid impact and to ensure sufficient Not to affect lubrication. Instead, the outside of the planetary carrier web can even retain lubricant that drips from the internal toothing of the ring gear and/or divert it in the circumferential direction towards the planetary gears, so that the lubrication of the planetary gear is even improved with a reduced lubricant requirement. For this purpose, in particular, the outside of the planet carrier web can cover a part of the respective planet gear when viewed in the radial direction, so that lubricant that comes off the internal toothing of the ring gear does not pass between the planet gears in the circumferential direction, but is collected by the outside of the planet carrier web and diverted to the planet gears . In addition, the gusset area in which the planet carrier web is provided allows a comparatively pointed shape of the planet carrier web at the ends of the outside pointing in the tangential direction, which promotes the detachment of lubricant drops from the planet carrier web, in particular without the lubricant drop being attached to one of the outside due to adhesion effects The underside facing away from the planet carrier web is directed away from the adjacent planet gear. The resulting improved lubrication can further improve the efficiency and power density of the planetary gear. By arranging the planet carrier web in a gusset area just below the ring gear, stable support of the carrier cheeks and improved lubrication can be achieved when space is limited, so that a planetary gear with a high power density is possible with a small space requirement.
Das Planetengetriebe kann ein mit den Planetenrädern kämmendes Sonnenrad aufweisen, das koaxial radial innerhalb zu dem Hohlrad angeordnet ist. Ein über das Planetengetriebe übertragene Drehmomentfluss kann prinzipiell über das Sonnenrad oder den Planetenträger oder das Hohlrad eingeleitet und über das Sonnenrad oder den Planetenträger oder das Hohlrad ausgeleitet werden, sofern dieses Bauteil nicht bereits zum Einleiten des Drehmoments vorgesehen ist. Hierbei ist es möglich, dass das Sonnenrad, der Planetenträger und das Hohlrad drehbar gelagert sind, wobei alternativ von dem Sonnenrad, den Planetenträger oder das Hohlrad ein Bauteil permanent oder zeitweise abgebremst und/oder drehfest gekoppelt und/oder bewegungslos festgehalten ist. Beispielsweise kann das Hohlrad Teil eines feststehenden Getriebegehäuses sein. Der Lagerbolzen kann mit der ersten Trägerwange und mit der zweiten Trägerwange verbunden sein und insbesondere zwischen der ersten Trägerwange und der zweiten Trägerwange in axialer Richtung eingespannt sein. Vorzugsweise ist der Lagerbolzen bewegungsfest mit den Trägerwangen befestigt und das jeweilige Planetenrad relativ drehbar an dem Lagerbolzen gelagert. Das Planetengetriebe kann in einem Getriebegehäuse angeordnet sein, welches das Planetengetriebe vor Umwelteinflüssen und/oder Verschmutzungen schützt. Das Getriebegehäuse kann hierbei bewegungslos feststehend oder mit dem Hohlrad mitdrehend ausgeführt sein. Beispielsweise weist das Getriebegehäuse einen Ölsumpf zur Aufnahme eines Schmiermittels, insbesondere Schmieröl, auf.The planetary gear can have a sun gear that meshes with the planet gears and is arranged coaxially radially inside the ring gear. A torque flow transmitted via the planetary gear can in principle be initiated via the sun gear or the planet carrier or the ring gear and discharged via the sun gear or the planet carrier or the ring gear, provided this component is not already intended to initiate the torque. Here it is possible that the sun gear, the planet carrier and the ring gear are rotatably mounted, wherein alternatively a component of the sun gear, the planet carrier or the ring gear is permanently or temporarily braked and / or coupled in a rotationally fixed manner and / or held motionless. For example, the ring gear can be part of a fixed gear housing. The bearing pin can be connected to the first support cheek and to the second support cheek and in particular can be clamped in the axial direction between the first support cheek and the second support cheek. Preferably, the bearing pin is fastened to the support cheeks so that it cannot move and the respective planetary gear is mounted on the bearing pin in a relatively rotatable manner. The planetary gear can be arranged in a gear housing, which protects the planetary gear from environmental influences and/or contamination. The gear housing can be designed to be motionless or rotate with the ring gear. For example, the transmission housing has an oil sump for holding a lubricant, in particular lubricating oil.
Die Außenseite des Planetenträgerstegs weist in einem gemeinsamen Axialbereich, in dem die Innenverzahnung des Hohlrads in radialer Richtung betrachtet die Außenseite überdeckt, einen maximal radial äußeren Punkt auf, der einen Radius bezogen auf die Drehachse des Planetengetriebes, also der Drehachse des Sonnenrads, des Hohlrads und des Planetenträgers, definiert. Dieser gedachte Radius verläuft durch das Planetenrad derart hindurch, dass ein Großteil des Planetenrads radial innerhalb dieses Radius angeordnet ist und lediglich ein Teil der Außenverzahnung des Planetenrads über diesen Radius hinausreicht, um mit der Innenverzahnung des Hohlrads kämmen zu können. Hierbei kann dieser Radius vollständig außerhalb des Fußkreisradius der Außenverzahnung des Planetenrads verlaufen oder lediglich in einem kleinen Teil des Umfangs des Planetenrads in der Art einer schneidenden Sekante radial innerhalb des Fußkreisradius der Außenverzahnung des Planetenrads verlaufen. Der Planetenträgersteg kann dadurch besonders weit nach radial außen reichen, so dass sich eine entsprechend bessere Stabilität und Versteifung des Planetenträgers ergibt und die Schmierung der Planetenräder durch von dem Hohlrad abtropfendes Schmiermittel weiter verbessert werden kann. Gleichzeitig kann ein gerade noch ausreichendes Spiel zwischen dem Planetenträgersteg und der Innverzahnung des Hohlrads vorgesehen sein.The outside of the planet carrier web has a maximum radially outer point in a common axial area in which the internal teeth of the ring gear, viewed in the radial direction, cover the outside, which has a radius based on the axis of rotation of the planetary gear, i.e. the axis of rotation of the sun gear, the ring gear and the planet carrier, Are defined. This imaginary radius runs through the planet gear in such a way that a large part of the planet gear is arranged radially within this radius and only part of the external toothing of the planet gear extends beyond this radius in order to be able to mesh with the internal toothing of the ring gear. This radius can extend completely outside the root radius of the external teeth of the planet gear or only extend in a small part of the circumference of the planet gear in the manner of a cutting secant radially within the root radius of the external teeth of the planet gear. The planet carrier web can thereby extend particularly far radially outwards, so that there is correspondingly better stability and stiffening of the planet carrier and the lubrication of the planet gears can be further improved by lubricant dripping from the ring gear. At the same time, just enough play can be provided between the planet carrier web and the internal teeth of the ring gear.
Vorzugsweise weist der Planetenträgersteg einen einstückig mit der ersten Trägerwange ausgebildeten ersten Teilsteg und einen einstückig mit der zweiten Trägerwange ausgebildeten zweiten Teilsteg auf, wobei insbesondere der erste Teilsteg und der zweite Teilsteg in axialer Richtung aneinander anliegen. Der Planetenträger kann dadurch im Wesentlichen zweischalig ausgestaltet sein, wobei insbesondere die erste Trägerwange mit dem ersten Teilsteg einerseits und die zweite Trägerwange mit dem zweiten Teilsteg andererseits im Wesentlichen identisch ausgestaltet sein können, wodurch Herstellungskosten reduziert werden können.The planet carrier web preferably has a first partial web formed in one piece with the first carrier cheek and a second partial web formed in one piece with the second carrier cheek, in particular the first partial web and the second partial web resting against one another in the axial direction. The planet carrier can thereby be designed essentially as a double-shell, in particular the first carrier cheek with the first partial web on the one hand and the second carrier cheek with the second partial web on the other hand can be designed essentially identically, whereby manufacturing costs can be reduced.
Besonders bevorzugt ist vorgesehen, dass der erste Teilsteg und/oder der zweite Teilsteg axial zu dem Hohlrad beabstandet im Wesentlichen auf dem Wangenaußendurchmesser in die erste Trägerwange und/oder in die zweite Trägerwange übergeht, wobei insbesondere die in einem gemeinsamen Axialbereich mit dem Hohlraum vorgesehene Außenseite des Planetenträgerstegs über einen gebogenen und/oder radiusförmigen Übergangsbereich in die erste Trägerwange und/oder in die zweite Trägerwange übergeht. Hierbei wird die Erkenntnis ausgenutzt, dass zwischen der jeweiligen Trägerwange und dem Hohlrad ein axialer Zwischenraum vorgesehen ist, durch den hindurch der Planetenträgersteg sich soweit nach radial außen an dem Hohlrad vorbei erstrecken kann, dass die Außenseite des Planetenträgerstegs an dem Außendurchmesser der jeweiligen Trägerwange ankommen kann. Ein radialer Sprung zwischen dem Außendurchmesser der Trägerwange und der Außenseite des Planetenträgerstegs sowie ein scharfkantiger Übergang kann dadurch vermieden werden. Dadurch können Kerbwirkungseffekte im Übergangsbereich zwischen den Teilstegen und der jeweils zugeordneten Trägerwange vermieden oder zumindest reduziert werden, wodurch die Festigkeit und Steifigkeit des Planetenträgers verbessert ist.Particularly preferably, it is provided that the first partial web and/or the second partial web, spaced axially from the ring gear, merges into the first carrier cheek and/or into the second carrier cheek, essentially on the outside diameter of the cheek, in particular the outside provided in a common axial region with the cavity of the planet carrier web over a curved and/or radius-shaped transition area merges into the first carrier cheek and/or into the second carrier cheek. This takes advantage of the knowledge that an axial gap is provided between the respective carrier cheek and the ring gear, through which the planet carrier web can extend radially outwards past the ring gear to such an extent that the outside of the planet carrier web can reach the outer diameter of the respective carrier cheek . A radial jump between the outer diameter of the carrier cheek and the outside of the planet carrier web as well as a sharp-edged transition can be avoided. As a result, notch effects in the transition area between the partial webs and the respective associated carrier cheek can be avoided or at least reduced, whereby the strength and rigidity of the planet carrier is improved.
Insbesondere ist vorgesehen, dass der erste Teilsteg und/oder der zweite Teilsteg unter einem eine Übergangskante ausbildenden Winkel in die erste Trägerwange und/oder in die zweite Trägerwange übergeht. Dadurch, dass der Teilsteg nicht absatzlos, beispielsweise über einen asymptotischen Verlauf, in die Trägerwange übergeht, kann ein radialer Versatz zwischen dem Außendurchmesser der Trägerwange und dem radial innerhalb der Innenverzahnung des Hohlrads vorgesehenen Bereich der Außenseite des Planetenträgerstegs über einen vergleichsweise kleinen axialen Zwischenraum zwischen der Trägerwange und der Innenverzahnung des Hohlrads erreicht werden, so dass der axiale Bauraumbedarf gering gehalten werden kann.In particular, it is provided that the first partial web and/or the second partial web merges into the first carrier cheek and/or the second carrier cheek at an angle forming a transition edge. Because the partial web does not merge into the carrier cheek without a step, for example over an asymptotic course, a radial offset between the outer diameter of the carrier cheek and the region of the outside of the planet carrier web provided radially within the internal toothing of the ring gear can be achieved over a comparatively small axial gap between the Carrier cheek and the internal teeth of the ring gear can be achieved, so that the axial space requirement can be kept low.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform ist vorgesehen, dass die erste Trägerwange und die zweite Trägerwange in einem gemeinsamen Umfangsbereich mit dem Planetenträgersteg eine Durchmesserverjüngung auf den Radius der nach radial außen weisende Außenseite des Planetenträgerstegs aufweist, wobei insbesondere die Durchmesserverjüngung über einen gebogene und/oder radiusförmigen Verlauf und/oder unter einem eine Übergangskante ausbildenden Winkel in den Wangenaußendurchmesser der ersten Trägerwange und/oder der zweiten Trägerwange übergeht. Hierbei wird die Erkenntnis ausgenutzt, dass im Bereich des Planetenträgerstegs kein Planetenrad vorgesehen sein kann, so dass in diesem Umfangsbereich eine über den Kopfkreisradius der Innenverzahnung des Hohlrads hinausgehende Erstreckung der Trägerwange, um einen axialen Anlaufbereich für ein Planetenrad auszubilden, gar nicht erforderlich ist. Zur Vermeidung von Kerbwirkungseffekten kann die Trägerwange eine entsprechend geeignete Außenkonturierung zwischen dem Außendurchmesser und dem Durchmesser der Durchmesserverjüngung aufweisen.In a further embodiment it is provided that the first carrier cheek and the second carrier cheek have a diameter taper in a common circumferential area with the planet carrier web to the radius of the radially outwardly facing outer side of the planet carrier web, in particular the diameter taper over a curved and / or radius-shaped course and / or at an angle forming a transition edge in the external cheek diameter of the first carrier cheek and / or the second carrier cheek transforms. This takes advantage of the knowledge that no planetary gear can be provided in the area of the planet carrier web, so that in this circumferential area an extension of the carrier cheek beyond the tip circle radius of the internal toothing of the ring gear in order to form an axial contact area for a planetary gear is not necessary. To avoid notch effects, the carrier cheek can have a correspondingly suitable external contour between the external diameter and the diameter of the diameter taper.
Vorzugsweise erstreckt der Planetenträgersteg sich nach radial innen mindestens bis zu einem Innendurchmesser des Planetenrads, insbesondere mindestens bis zu einer Drehachse des Planetenrads. Die Querschnittsfläche des Planetenträgerstegs kann dadurch entsprechend groß dimensioniert werden, um den Planetenträger auch bei großen zu übertragenden Drehmomenten ausreichend zu versteifen. Der Zwickelbereich radial innerhalb des Hohlrads zwischen den einander nachfolgenden Planetenrädern kann dadurch zu einem Großteil von dem Planetenträgersteg eingenommen sein.Preferably, the planet carrier web extends radially inwards at least up to an inner diameter of the planet gear, in particular at least up to an axis of rotation of the planet gear. The cross-sectional area of the planet carrier web can therefore be dimensioned appropriately large in order to sufficiently stiffen the planet carrier even with large torques to be transmitted. The gusset area radially inside the ring gear between the successive planet gears can therefore be largely occupied by the planet carrier web.
Besonders bevorzugt ist in einem gemeinsamen Axialbereich mit einer Innenverzahnung des Hohlrads zwischen der Innenverzahnung des Hohlrads und der nach radial außen weisende Außenseite des Planetenträgerstegs ein Abstand a von 3,0 mm ≤ a ≤ 8,0 mm, insbesondere 4,0 mm ≤ a ≤ 7,0 mm, vorzugsweise 5,0 mm ≤ a ≤ 6,5 mm und besonders bevorzugt 5,5 mm ≤ a ≤ 6,0 mm ausgebildet ist. Bei einem derartigen Abstand kann ein Anschlagen des Hohlrads an dem Planetenträgersteg innerhalb der zugelassenem Fertigungs- und MontageToleranzen sicher vermieden werden. Gleichzeitig ist der Abstand groß genug, dass ein Strömungswiderstand zwischen den relativ zueinander drehenden Bauteilen vermieden oder zumindest vernachlässigbar klein ist.A distance a of 3.0 mm ≤ a ≤ 8.0 mm, in particular 4.0 mm ≤ a ≤, is particularly preferred in a common axial region with an internal toothing of the ring gear between the internal toothing of the ring gear and the radially outwardly facing outer side of the planet carrier web 7.0 mm, preferably 5.0 mm ≤ a ≤ 6.5 mm and particularly preferably 5.5 mm ≤ a ≤ 6.0 mm. With such a distance, the ring gear hitting the planet carrier web can be safely avoided within the permitted manufacturing and assembly tolerances. At the same time, the distance is large enough that flow resistance between the components rotating relative to one another is avoided or at least negligibly small.
Insbesondere ist zwischen dem Planetenträgersteg und dem jeweiligen benachbarten Planetenrad ein Spalt mit einer zu einem Großteil konstanten Spaltbreite s zwischen dem Planetenträgersteg und dem jeweiligen benachbarten Planetenrad ausgebildet, wobei bei einem Außendurchmesse da des Planetenrads 0,01 ≤ s/da ≤ 0,5, vorzugsweise 0,03 ≤ s/da ≤ 0,2 und besonders bevorzugt 0,05 ≤ s/da ≤ 0,1 gilt. Eine zu den Planetenrädern weisende Unterseite des Planetenträgerstegs kann im Wesentlichen auf einem konstanten Radius zu einer Drehachse des in diesem Bereichs benachbarten Planetenrad verlaufen, so dass auch der dazwischen ausgebildete Spalt eine konstante Spaltbreite zwischen der Unterseite und dem Kopfkreisradius der Außenverzahnung des jeweiligen Planetenrads aufweist. Bei einem derartigen Spaltabstand kann der Zwickelbereich radial innerhalb des Hohlrads zwischen den einander nachfolgenden Planetenrädern zu einem Großteil von dem Planetenträgersteg eingenommen werden.In particular, there is a one-to-one gap between the planet carrier web and the respective adjacent planet gear Most of the constant gap width s is formed between the planet carrier web and the respective adjacent planet gear, with an external diameter d a of the planet gear 0.01 ≤ s/d a ≤ 0.5, preferably 0.03 ≤ s/d a ≤ 0.2 and especially preferably 0.05 ≤ s/d a ≤ 0.1 applies. An underside of the planet carrier web facing the planetary gears can essentially run at a constant radius to an axis of rotation of the planetary gear adjacent in this area, so that the gap formed between them also has a constant gap width between the underside and the tip circle radius of the external teeth of the respective planetary gear. With such a gap distance, the gusset region can be largely occupied by the planet carrier web radially within the ring gear between the successive planet gears.
Vorzugsweise sind mindestens drei, insbesondere mindestens sechs, vorzugsweise mindestens sieben und besonders bevorzugt mindestens acht Planetenräder vorgesehen, wobei insbesondere zwischen jedem Paar in Umfangsrichtung nachfolgender Planetenräder jeweils ein Planetenträgersteg vorgesehen ist. Durch die bauraumsparende Ausgestaltung des Planetenträgerstegs ist es möglich ein Multiplanetengetriebe mit entsprechend vielen in Umfangsrichtung eng hintereinander angeordneten Planetenrädern auszugestalten, ohne die Steifigkeit des Planetenträgers zu beeinträchtigen. Durch die hohe Anzahl der Planetenräder kann die Belastung des einzelnen Planetenrads reduziert werden, wodurch hohe Drehmomente mit einem hohen Wirkungsgrad und einer hohen Leistungsdichte übertragen werden können.Preferably, at least three, in particular at least six, preferably at least seven and particularly preferably at least eight planet gears are provided, with a planet carrier web being provided in particular between each pair of planet gears that follow in the circumferential direction. Due to the space-saving design of the planet carrier web, it is possible to design a multi-planetary gear with a corresponding number of planet gears arranged closely one behind the other in the circumferential direction, without affecting the rigidity of the planet carrier. Due to the large number of planetary gears, the load on the individual planetary gear can be reduced, allowing high torques to be transmitted with high efficiency and high power density.
Besonders bevorzugt weist die erste Trägerwange und/oder die zweite Trägerwange eine Anlaufscheibe zum axialen Anlaufen des Planetenrads auf. Die Anlaufscheibe ist insbesondere über den vollen Querschnitt des Planetenrads von der jeweiligen Trägerwange abgestützt.Particularly preferably, the first carrier cheek and/or the second carrier cheek has a thrust washer for axially starting the planetary gear. The thrust washer is supported by the respective carrier cheek in particular over the full cross section of the planet gear.
Insbesondere ist zwischen dem Planetenrad und dem Lagerbolzen ein Gleitlager ausgebildet. Der Bauraumbedarf in radialer Richtung zwischen dem Planetenrad und dem Lagerbolzen, der ansonsten für ein Wälzlager benötigt würde, kann dadurch deutlich reduziert werden. Beispielsweise ist eine im Vergleich zu einem Wälzlager deutlich dünnere Gleitlagerbuchse auf dem jeweiligen Lagerbolzen aufgesteckt, an der das Planetenrad relativ drehbar abgleiten kann. Dies ermöglicht es Planetenräder mit einem entsprechend kleinen Durchmesser zu verwenden und/oder den Durchmesser des Lagerbolzens zu vergrößern, wodurch der Planetenträger weiter versteift werden kann.In particular, a plain bearing is formed between the planet gear and the bearing pin. The installation space requirement in radial Direction between the planet gear and the bearing pin, which would otherwise be required for a rolling bearing, can be significantly reduced. For example, a plain bearing bushing, which is significantly thinner than a rolling bearing, is placed on the respective bearing pin, on which the planetary gear can slide off in a relatively rotatable manner. This makes it possible to use planet gears with a correspondingly small diameter and/or to increase the diameter of the bearing pin, whereby the planet carrier can be further stiffened.
Vorzugsweise verläuft die Außenseite des Planetenträgerstegs zumindest in einem Teil des von der Außenseite eingenommenen Umfangswinkelbereichs auf einem im Wesentlichen konstanten Abstand zu dem Kopfkreisradius der Innenverzahnung des Hohlrads. Die Außenseite des Planetenträgerstegs kann auf einem im Wesentlichen konstanten Radius zu einer Drehachse des Planetengetriebes möglichst nah an der Innenverzahnung verlaufen. Dadurch kann der in dem Zwickelbereich zwischen dem Hohlrad und den einander nachfolgenden Planetenrädern ausgebildete Bauraum in Umfangsrichtung und/oder nach radial außen möglichst gut ausgenutzt werden, wodurch die Festigkeit und Stabilität des Planetenträgerstegs verbessert ist.Preferably, the outside of the planet carrier web extends at least in part of the circumferential angle range occupied by the outside at a substantially constant distance from the tip circle radius of the internal teeth of the ring gear. The outside of the planet carrier web can run as close as possible to the internal toothing on a substantially constant radius to an axis of rotation of the planetary gear. As a result, the installation space formed in the gusset area between the ring gear and the planetary gears following one another can be utilized as well as possible in the circumferential direction and/or radially outward, thereby improving the strength and stability of the planet carrier web.
Besonders bevorzugt ist der Planetenträger in einem Getriebegehäuse gelagert, wobei in dem Getriebegehäuse ein Schmiermittel zur Schmierung des Hohlrads und der Planetenräder, insbesondere durch Tauchschmierung und/oder Spritzschmierung, aufgenommen ist. Das in dem Getriebegehäuse eingebrachte Schmiermittel kann zur Schmierung des Planetengetriebes immer wieder verwendet werden. Da die Planetenträgerstege die Schmierung der Planetenräder unterstützen, ist eine einfache und kostengünstige Schmierung des Planetengetriebes bereits ausreichend.Particularly preferably, the planet carrier is mounted in a gear housing, with a lubricant for lubricating the ring gear and the planet gears, in particular by splash lubrication and/or splash lubrication, being accommodated in the gear housing. The lubricant introduced into the gear housing can be used again and again to lubricate the planetary gear. Since the planet carrier webs support the lubrication of the planet gears, simple and cost-effective lubrication of the planetary gear is sufficient.
Die Erfindung betrifft ferner einen Antriebsstrang für eine Windkraftanlage mit einer mit einem windkraftangetriebenen Rotor verbindbaren Rotorwelle, einer Motorwelle einer im Generatormodus betreibbaren elektrischen Maschine und einem die Rotorwelle mit der Motorwelle drehmomentübertragend verbindenden Getriebe zur Wandlung eines Drehmoments und einer Drehzahl, wobei das Getriebe mindestens ein Planetengetriebe, das wie vorstehend beschrieben aus- und weitergebildet sein kann, aufweist, wobei insbesondere das Getriebe mindestens zwei oder mindestens drei in Reihe geschaltete Planetengetriebe, die wie vorstehend beschrieben aus- und weitergebildet sein können, aufweist. Durch die Anordnung des Planetenträgerstegs in einem Zwickelbereich kurz unterhalb des Hohlrads kann bei beengten Bauraumverhältnissen eine stabile Abstützung der Trägerwangen und eine verbesserte Schmierung des Planetengetriebes erreicht werden, so dass bei einem geringen Bauraumbedarf ein Antriebsstrang mit einer hohen Leistungsdichte ermöglicht ist.The invention further relates to a drive train for a wind turbine with a rotor shaft that can be connected to a wind-powered rotor, a motor shaft in generator mode operable electrical machine and a transmission connecting the rotor shaft to the motor shaft in a torque-transmitting manner for converting a torque and a speed, the transmission having at least one planetary gear, which can be designed and further developed as described above, in particular the transmission having at least two or at least three planetary gears connected in series, which can be designed and developed as described above. By arranging the planet carrier web in a gusset area just below the ring gear, stable support of the carrier cheeks and improved lubrication of the planetary gear can be achieved when space is limited, so that a drive train with a high power density is possible with a small space requirement.
Die Erfindung betrifft ferner eine Windkraftanlage zur Erzeugung von Energie aus Windkraft, mit einem Standturm, einer an einem oberen Ende des Standturms angebrachten Gondel, einem windkraftantreibbaren Rotor, einer im Generatorbetrieb betreibbaren elektrischen Maschine und einem von der Gondel aufgenommenen Antriebsstrang, der wie vorstehend beschrieben aus- und weitergebildet sein kann, zur drehmomentübertragenen Koppelung des Rotors mit der elektrischen Maschine und Wandlung eines von dem Rotor eingeleiteten Drehmoments. Durch die Anordnung des Planetenträgerstegs in einem Zwickelbereich kurz unterhalb des Hohlrads kann bei beengten Bauraumverhältnissen eine stabile Abstützung der Trägerwangen und eine verbesserte Schmierung des Planetengetriebes erreicht werden, so dass bei einem geringen Bauraumbedarf eine Windkraftanlage mit einer hohen Leistungsdichte ermöglicht ist.The invention further relates to a wind turbine for generating energy from wind power, with a stand tower, a gondola attached to an upper end of the stand tower, a rotor that can be driven by wind power, an electrical machine that can be operated in generator mode and a drive train accommodated by the gondola, which is as described above - and can be further developed for torque-transmitted coupling of the rotor to the electric machine and conversion of a torque introduced by the rotor. By arranging the planet carrier web in a gusset area just below the ring gear, stable support of the carrier cheeks and improved lubrication of the planetary gear can be achieved when space is limited, so that a wind turbine with a high power density is possible with a small space requirement.
Ein weiterer Aspekt der Erfindung betrifft eine Industrie-applikation. Die Industrie-Applikation kann ein Antriebsmittel aufweisen, das beispielsweise als elektrische Maschine, Brennkraftmaschine, Hydraulikmotor oder windkraftgetriebener Rotor ausgestaltet sein kann. Das Antriebsmittel kann mit einem Getriebe zur Wandlung eines Drehmoments und einer Drehzahl der von dem Antriebsmittel erzeugten Leistung gekoppelt sein. Das Getriebe der Industrie-Applikation, das mindestens ein Planetengetriebe, das wie vorstehend beschrieben aus- und weitergebildet sein kann, aufweist, kann wiederum drehmomentübertragend mit einer mechanischen Anwendung gekoppelt sein, in der über das Getriebe eingeleitete mechanische Energie genutzt werden kann. Bei der mechanischen Anwendung handelt es sich beispielsweise um eine Mühle, Vertikalmühle, Zuckermühle, Zementmühle, Gesteinsbrecher, Förderband, Pumpe, Rollenpresse, Plattenband, Rohrmühle, Drehrohrofen, Drehwerk, Rührwerk, Hubvorrichtung, Müllpresse, Schrottpresse, Zerkleinerer für recyclingfähige Materialen aus, gegebenenfalls zuvor getrennten und/oder sortierten, Abfällen oder Ähnliches. Durch die Anordnung des Planetenträgerstegs in einem Zwickelbereich kurz unterhalb des Hohlrads kann bei beengten Bauraumverhältnissen eine stabile Abstützung der Trägerwangen und eine verbesserte Schmierung des Planetengetriebes erreicht werden, so dass bei einem geringen Bauraumbedarf eine Industrieapplikation mit einer hohen Leistungsdichte ermöglicht ist.Another aspect of the invention relates to an industrial application. The industrial application can have a drive means, which can be designed, for example, as an electric machine, internal combustion engine, hydraulic motor or wind-powered rotor. The drive means can have a gear to convert a torque and a speed be coupled to the power generated by the drive means. The transmission of the industrial application, which has at least one planetary gear, which can be designed and developed as described above, can in turn be coupled in a torque-transmitting manner to a mechanical application in which mechanical energy introduced via the transmission can be used. The mechanical application is, for example, a mill, vertical mill, sugar mill, cement mill, rock crusher, conveyor belt, pump, roller press, plate conveyor, tube mill, rotary kiln, slewing gear, agitator, lifting device, garbage press, scrap press, shredder for recyclable materials, if necessary beforehand separated and/or sorted waste or similar. By arranging the planet carrier web in a gusset area just below the ring gear, stable support of the carrier cheeks and improved lubrication of the planetary gear can be achieved when space is limited, so that an industrial application with a high power density is possible with a small space requirement.
Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung unter Bezugnahme auf die anliegenden Zeichnungen anhand bevorzugter Ausführungsbeispiele exemplarisch erläutert, wobei die nachfolgend dargestellten Merkmale sowohl jeweils einzeln als auch in Kombination einen Aspekt der Erfindung darstellen können. Es zeigen:
- FIG 1
- eine schematische perspektivische Ansicht einer Windkraftanlage,
- FIG 2
- eine schematische geschnittene Draufsicht auf einen Teil eines Planetengetriebes für die Windkraftanlage aus
FIG 1 , - FIG 3
- eine schematische Schnittansicht des Planetengetriebes aus
FIG 2 , - FIG 4
- eine schematische perspektivische Ansicht eines Planetenträgers des Planetengetriebes aus
FIG 2 , - FIG 5
- eine schematische perspektivische Detailansicht des Planetenträgers aus
FIG 4 , - FIG 6
- eine schematische Schnittansicht des Planetenträgers aus
FIG 4 , - FIG 7
- eine schematische perspektivische Detailansicht eines alternativen Planetenträgers für das Planetengetriebe aus
FIG 2 und - FIG 8
- eine schematische Prinzipdarstellung einer Industrieapplikation.
- FIG 1
- a schematic perspective view of a wind turbine,
- FIG 2
- a schematic sectioned top view of part of a planetary gear for the wind turbine
FIG 1 , - FIG 3
- a schematic sectional view of the planetary gear
FIG 2 , - FIG 4
- a schematic perspective view of a planet carrier of the planetary gear
FIG 2 , - FIG 5
- a schematic perspective detailed view of the planet carrier
FIG 4 , - FIG 6
- a schematic sectional view of the planet carrier
FIG 4 , - FIG 7
- a schematic perspective detailed view of an alternative planet carrier for the planetary gear
FIG 2 and - FIG 8
- a schematic representation of the principle of an industrial application.
Die in
Das Getriebe 18 weist mindestens ein in
Das jeweilige Planetenrad 30 ist auf einem Lagerbolzen 38 drehbar gelagert, wobei der Lagerbolzen 38 mit einer ersten Trägerwange 40 und einer zweiten Trägerwange 42 eines Planetenträgers 44 befestigt ist. Im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel ist der Lagerbolzen 38 über eine Durchgangsöffnung 48 der zweiten Trägerwange 42 in einer Aufnahmetasche 46 der ersten Trägerwange 40 teilweise eingesteckt verliersicher zurückgehalten.The
Auf dem Lagerbolzen 38 ist eine Gleitlagerhülse 54 aufgesteckt, so dass zwischen dem Planetenrad 30 ein Gleitlager ausgebildet ist. Alternativ kann anstatt des Gleitlagers ein Wälzlager vorgesehen sein. Die erste Trägerwange 40 und die zweite Trägerwange 42 weisen an ihren zum Planetenrad 30 weisenden Axialseiten jeweils eine Anlaufscheibe 56 auf, gegen die das Planetenrad 30 im Betrieb axial anlaufen kann. Der Planetenträger 44 kann über ein Wälzlager 64 an einem Getriebegehäuse 66 relativ drehbar gelagert sein, wobei im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel das Hohlrad 36 über einen als Befestigungsflansch ausgestalteten Radiusbereich drehfest mit dem Getriebegehäuse 66 verbunden ist. Das Getriebegehäuse 66 kann bewegungslos fixiert oder drehbar gelagert sein.A
Bei dem in
Wie in
Wie in
Das am Beispiel einer Windkraftanlage 10 erläuterte Getriebe 18 mit dem mindestens einen Planetengetriebe 26 kann auch in einer anderen Industrie-Applikation 86 eingesetzt werden, wie in
Claims (14)
- Planetary transmission for a wind power plant, with a planetary carrier (44) which has a first carrier cheek (40) and a second carrier cheek (42),planetary gears (30) which are mounted rotatably on the first carrier cheek (40) and the second carrier cheek (42) via in each case one bearing pin (38),an internal gear (36) which meshes with the planetary gears (30),mounting play being configured between a web external diameter (D) of the first carrier cheek (40) and the second carrier cheek (42) on one side and an internal diameter of the internal gear (36) on the other side, the web external diameter (D) of the carrier cheeks (40, 42) being selected to be so large that the carrier cheeks (40, 42) can still just be moved radially within an internal toothing system (34) of the internal gear (36) in the axial direction during the mounting, andat least one planetary carrier web (68) which positions the first carrier cheek (40) and the second carrier cheek (42) at a defined spacing from one another,a radially outwardly pointing outer side (74) of the planetary carrier web (68) being arranged radially on the outside with respect to an internal diameter of the planetary gears (30),the outer side (74) of the planetary carrier web (68) being spaced apart radially inwards to a more pronounced extent from a radially inner tip circle radius of the internal toothing system (34) than the first carrier cheek (40), and the second carrier cheek (42) being arranged to reliably avoid contact with the internal toothing system (34) of the internal gear (36) even with consideration of manufacturing and production tolerances and possible heat expansion affects and/or centrifugal force effects,characterized in thatthe outer side (74) of the planetary carrier web (68) is arranged radially on the outside with respect to a root circle radius of an external toothing system (32) of the planetary gear (30).
- Planetary transmission according to Claim 1, characterized in that the planetary carrier web (68) has a first part web (70), configured in one piece with the first carrier cheek (40), and a second part web (42), configured in one piece with the second carrier cheek (42), wherein, in particular, the first part web (70) and the second part web (72) bearing against one another in the axial direction.
- Planetary transmission according to Claim 2, characterized in that the first part web (70) and/or the second part web (72) merges/merges into the first carrier cheek (40) and/or into the second carrier cheek (42) spaced apart axially with respect to the internal gear (36) substantially on the web external diameter (D), the outer side (74), provided in a common axial region with the cavity (36), of the planetary carrier web (68) merging, in particular, via a curved and/or radius-shaped transition region into the first carrier cheek (40) and/or into the second carrier cheek (42).
- Planetary transmission according to Claim 2, characterized in that, in a common circumferential region with the planetary carrier web (68), the first carrier cheek (40) and the second carrier cheek (42) have a tapered diameter portion (84) to the radius of the radially outwardly pointing outer side (74) of the planetary carrier web (68), the tapered diameter portion (84) merging, in particular, via a curved and/or radius-shaped course and/or at an angle which configures a transition edge into the cheek external diameter of the first carrier cheek (40) and/or the second carrier cheek (42) .
- Planetary transmission according to one of Claims 1 to 4,
characterized in that the planetary carrier web (68) extends radially inwards at least as far as an internal diameter of the planetary gear (30), in particular at least as far as a rotational axis of the planetary gear (30) . - Planetary transmission according to one of Claims 1 to 5,
characterized in that, in a common axial region with an internal toothing system (34) of the internal gear (36), a spacing a of 3.0 mm ≤ a ≤ 8.0 mm, in particular 4.0 mm ≤ a ≤ 7.0 mm, preferably 5.0 mm ≤ a ≤ 6.5 mm and particularly preferably 5.5 mm ≤ a ≤ 6.0 mm is configured between the internal toothing system (34) of the internal gear (36) and the radially outwardly pointing outer side (74) of the planetary carrier web. - Planetary transmission according to one of Claims 1 to 6,
characterized in that a gap (80) with a largely constant gap s between the planetary carrier web (68) and the respective adjacent planetary gear (30) is configured between the planetary carrier web (68) and the respective adjacent planetary gear (30), it applying that, in particular, 0.01 ≤ s/da ≤ 0.5, preferably 0.03 ≤ s/da ≤ 0.2 and particularly preferably 0.05 ≤ s/da ≤ 0.1 in the case of an external diameter da of the planetary gear (30) . - Planetary transmission according to one of Claims 1 to 7,
characterized in that at least three, in particular at least six, preferably at least seven and particularly preferably at least eight planetary gears (30) are provided, a planetary carrier web (68) being provided in each case, in particular, between each pair of planetary gears (30) which follow one another in the circumferential direction. - Planetary transmission according to one of Claims 1 to 8,
characterized in that the first carrier cheek (40) and/or the second carrier cheek (42) have/has a thrust plate (56) for axially running on the planetary gear (30). - Planetary transmission according to one of Claims 1 to 9,
characterized in that a plain bearing is configured between the planetary gear (30) and the bearing pin (38). - Planetary transmission according to one of Claims 1 to 10,
characterized in that the outer side (74) of the planetary carrier web (68) runs, at least in a part of the circumferential angle region taken up by the outer side (74), at a substantially constant radius from the tip circle radius of the internal toothing system (34) of the internal gear (36). - Planetary transmission according to one of Claims 1 to 11,
characterized in that the planetary carrier (40) is mounted in a transmission housing (66), a lubricant for lubricating the internal gear (36) and the planetary gears (30), in particular by way of immersion lubrication and/or spray lubrication, being received in the transmission housing (66). - Drive train for a wind power plant (10) with a rotor shaft (16) which can be connected to a rotor (12) driven by wind power, a motor shaft of an electric machine (20) which can be operated in the generator mode, and a transmission which connects the rotor shaft (16) to the motor shaft in a torque-transmitting manner for the conversion of a torque and a rotational speed, the transmission (18) having at least one planetary transmission (26) according to one of Claims 1 to 12, the transmission (18) having, in particular, at least two or at least three series-connected planetary transmissions (26) according to one of Claims 1 to 12.
- Wind power plant for generating energy from wind power, with a stand-alone tower (24), a nacelle (22) which is attached to an upper end of the stand-alone tower (24), a rotor (12) which can be driven by wind power, an electric machine (20) which can be operated in generator mode, and a drive train (14) according to Claim 13 which is received by the nacelle (22) for the torque-transmitting coupling of the rotor (12) to the electric machine (20) and conversion of a torque which is introduced by the rotor (12).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP19205121.7A EP3812626A1 (en) | 2019-10-24 | 2019-10-24 | Planetary gear, especially multiplanetary gear, for a wind power plant |
PCT/EP2020/074842 WO2021078433A1 (en) | 2019-10-24 | 2020-09-04 | Planetary gearbox, in particular multi-planetary gearbox, for a wind turbine |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP4048924A1 EP4048924A1 (en) | 2022-08-31 |
EP4048924B1 true EP4048924B1 (en) | 2023-10-25 |
Family
ID=68342815
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19205121.7A Withdrawn EP3812626A1 (en) | 2019-10-24 | 2019-10-24 | Planetary gear, especially multiplanetary gear, for a wind power plant |
EP20771500.4A Active EP4048924B1 (en) | 2019-10-24 | 2020-09-04 | Planetary gear, especially multiplanetary gear, for a wind power plant |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19205121.7A Withdrawn EP3812626A1 (en) | 2019-10-24 | 2019-10-24 | Planetary gear, especially multiplanetary gear, for a wind power plant |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US11873796B2 (en) |
EP (2) | EP3812626A1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN115176103A (en) |
ES (1) | ES2967373T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2021078433A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN114718994B (en) * | 2022-03-29 | 2024-07-09 | 东北大学 | Wind power gear box |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20190285142A1 (en) * | 2018-03-16 | 2019-09-19 | Bühler Motor GmbH | Set for the manufacture of epicyclic gear trains |
Family Cites Families (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6127337A (en) * | 1984-07-19 | 1986-02-06 | Matetsukusu Kk | Asymmetrical planetry gear device |
JPH01105039A (en) * | 1987-10-16 | 1989-04-21 | Shiyouji Igaku | Integral type asymmetric planetary gear device |
JPH02292550A (en) * | 1989-05-06 | 1990-12-04 | Matetsukusu Kk | Integral type asymmetrical planetary gear |
US6200086B1 (en) * | 1999-08-04 | 2001-03-13 | Sundyne Corporation | Thermal barrier for use in a mechanical seal assembly |
DE10334459A1 (en) * | 2003-07-29 | 2005-03-17 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Guide disc assembly of a planet carrier for a planetary gear |
CN100389277C (en) | 2005-12-23 | 2008-05-21 | 德阳东汽表面工程技术有限公司 | Assembly planetary carrier for wind power |
US8667688B2 (en) * | 2006-07-05 | 2014-03-11 | United Technologies Corporation | Method of assembly for gas turbine fan drive gear system |
CN104235273B (en) * | 2008-02-13 | 2017-04-12 | 蒂姆肯公司 | Epicyclic gear system having two arrays of pinions mounted on flexpins with compensation for carrier distortion |
US20100304918A1 (en) * | 2009-05-29 | 2010-12-02 | Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. | Planetary carrier assembly with integrated park gear for a transmission |
US20110132675A1 (en) * | 2009-12-03 | 2011-06-09 | Norbert Braun | Hybrid drive arrangement |
US8506446B2 (en) * | 2011-08-16 | 2013-08-13 | General Electric Company | Pin for planetary gear system |
DE102013205432B4 (en) * | 2013-03-27 | 2023-03-30 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Planetary gear arrangement with at least two planetary sets arranged axially next to one another |
WO2015088966A1 (en) | 2013-12-09 | 2015-06-18 | Northeastern University | 4-point convex contact roller bearing for compact planetary drive train |
DE102014215020A1 (en) * | 2014-07-30 | 2016-02-04 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Wind turbine gearboxes |
CN106640557B (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2022-06-17 | 通用电气公司 | Method for performing on-tower maintenance on gearbox bearings of a wind turbine |
DE102016219008A1 (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2018-04-05 | Flender Gmbh | Planetary gear with thrust washers |
US10288046B2 (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2019-05-14 | Jiying Zhao | Planetary drive assembly |
-
2019
- 2019-10-24 EP EP19205121.7A patent/EP3812626A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2020
- 2020-09-04 EP EP20771500.4A patent/EP4048924B1/en active Active
- 2020-09-04 CN CN202080081519.0A patent/CN115176103A/en active Pending
- 2020-09-04 ES ES20771500T patent/ES2967373T3/en active Active
- 2020-09-04 US US17/771,059 patent/US11873796B2/en active Active
- 2020-09-04 WO PCT/EP2020/074842 patent/WO2021078433A1/en active Search and Examination
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20190285142A1 (en) * | 2018-03-16 | 2019-09-19 | Bühler Motor GmbH | Set for the manufacture of epicyclic gear trains |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2967373T3 (en) | 2024-04-30 |
CN115176103A (en) | 2022-10-11 |
EP3812626A1 (en) | 2021-04-28 |
WO2021078433A1 (en) | 2021-04-29 |
US20220372955A1 (en) | 2022-11-24 |
EP4048924A1 (en) | 2022-08-31 |
US11873796B2 (en) | 2024-01-16 |
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