EP4045829A1 - Hose, specifically for refrigerant applications - Google Patents

Hose, specifically for refrigerant applications

Info

Publication number
EP4045829A1
EP4045829A1 EP20771499.9A EP20771499A EP4045829A1 EP 4045829 A1 EP4045829 A1 EP 4045829A1 EP 20771499 A EP20771499 A EP 20771499A EP 4045829 A1 EP4045829 A1 EP 4045829A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
hose
reinforcement
thermoplastic
elastomer material
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP20771499.9A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Alexandra Brandt
Michael Sont
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ContiTech MGW GmbH
Original Assignee
ContiTech MGW GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ContiTech MGW GmbH filed Critical ContiTech MGW GmbH
Publication of EP4045829A1 publication Critical patent/EP4045829A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L11/00—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes
    • F16L11/04—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics
    • F16L11/08—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics with reinforcements embedded in the wall
    • F16L11/081—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics with reinforcements embedded in the wall comprising one or more layers of a helically wound cord or wire
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/09—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/15—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. extrusion moulding around inserts
    • B29C48/154—Coating solid articles, i.e. non-hollow articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/16—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers
    • B29C48/18—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers the components being layers
    • B29C48/21—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers the components being layers the layers being joined at their surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B1/00—Layered products having a general shape other than plane
    • B32B1/08—Tubular products
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B25/00—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber
    • B32B25/04—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber comprising rubber as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B25/042—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber comprising rubber as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of natural rubber or synthetic rubber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B25/00—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber
    • B32B25/10—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B25/00—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber
    • B32B25/14—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber comprising synthetic rubber copolymers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B25/00—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber
    • B32B25/20—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber comprising silicone rubber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/34—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyamides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form
    • B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
    • B32B3/28—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by a layer comprising a deformed thin sheet, i.e. the layer having its entire thickness deformed out of the plane, e.g. corrugated, crumpled
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00507—Details, e.g. mounting arrangements, desaeration devices
    • B60H1/00557—Details of ducts or cables
    • B60H1/00571—Details of ducts or cables of liquid ducts, e.g. for coolant liquids or refrigerants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L11/00—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes
    • F16L11/04—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics
    • F16L11/08—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics with reinforcements embedded in the wall
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L11/00—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes
    • F16L11/04—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics
    • F16L11/08—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics with reinforcements embedded in the wall
    • F16L11/081—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics with reinforcements embedded in the wall comprising one or more layers of a helically wound cord or wire
    • F16L11/082—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics with reinforcements embedded in the wall comprising one or more layers of a helically wound cord or wire two layers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L11/00—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes
    • F16L11/04—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics
    • F16L11/08—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics with reinforcements embedded in the wall
    • F16L11/085—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics with reinforcements embedded in the wall comprising one or more braided layers
    • F16L11/086—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics with reinforcements embedded in the wall comprising one or more braided layers two layers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L11/00—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes
    • F16L11/14—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rigid material, e.g. metal or hard plastics
    • F16L11/15—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rigid material, e.g. metal or hard plastics corrugated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/40—Fluid line arrangements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2021/00—Use of unspecified rubbers as moulding material
    • B29K2021/003—Thermoplastic elastomers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2067/00—Use of polyesters or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2077/00—Use of PA, i.e. polyamides, e.g. polyesteramides or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2083/00—Use of polymers having silicon, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only, in the main chain, as moulding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2305/00—Use of metals, their alloys or their compounds, as reinforcement
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2023/00—Tubular articles
    • B29L2023/005—Hoses, i.e. flexible
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
    • B32B2262/103—Metal fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2274/00—Thermoplastic elastomer material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2597/00—Tubular articles, e.g. hoses, pipes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L11/00—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes
    • F16L11/04—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics
    • F16L2011/047—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics with a diffusion barrier layer

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a hose, in particular for refrigerant at turns.
  • the hose is particularly suitable as a pressure carrier hose for refrigerant lines, in particular for CO 2 , for use as a pressure carrier for corrugated pipes.
  • Refrigerant hoses that are installed in air conditioning systems for the automotive industry are usually filled with fluorocarbons as refrigerants. When released into the atmosphere, this type of refrigerant has a negative impact on the Elm world, for example in the form of acid rain or the greenhouse effect. CO 2 is a more environmentally friendly refrigerant. Due to its molecular size and its physicochemical properties, however, it poses new requirements and challenges for the air conditioning system, which, among other things, have to be met or solved by new hose systems.
  • Hoses that are used for conventional refrigerants usually consist of three different layers: an inner layer, a reinforcement layer and an outer layer, whereby the outer layer and the inner layer are usually made of an elastomeric material and the inner layer is often multi-layered, plus one layer made of a thermoplastic material, which significantly improves the barrier properties of the hose with regard to refrigerant loss, but at the same time worsens the flexibility of the hose.
  • EPDM, EPM, BIMS, BIIR, CIIR, IIR, CM, AEM, ACM, CR, NBR, HNBR alone or in combination can be used as elastomers for the inner layer and / or the outer layer.
  • the reinforcement layer usually consists of organic fiber systems such as polyester, polyamide, rayon, aramid or PVOH yarn and is usually in braided or spiraled, ie wound form.
  • thermoplastic layer of the inner layer can either be inside the tube (veneer tube also, see FIGS. 1 and 2) or it can be embedded as a barrier layer between two further layers of the inner layer (barrier tube also, see FIGS. 3 and 4).
  • Polyamides have proven to be useful as a material for the barrier layer. Impact modified PA.6 grades in particular are nowadays used for air conditioning hose production due to their good compromise between flexibility and barrier function.
  • the aforementioned hose structure must be redesigned for use with CO2 as a refrigerant.
  • the high pressure side in particular places increased demands on the refrigerant line and the associated hose systems due to peak temperatures of approx. 180 ° C and pressures of around 90 bar.
  • the present invention has the task of providing a suitable hose construction with the appropriate materials, which is designed to increase the inner diameter by compressing the hose in order to mount a corrugated pipe if necessary, which at the end of the entire hose concept provides the necessary flexibility and barrier function gives corresponding temperature and pressure load.
  • an innermost layer A4 which is composed of thermoplastic material or thermoplastic elastomer material
  • outer layer C which is composed of polymer material.
  • the innermost layer A4 can also be referred to here as a film. Surprisingly, it has been shown that the innermost layer, in addition to serving as an assembly aid for the corrugated pipe integration, gives the entire hose system, ie including the corrugated pipe, sufficient stability under impulse loads to maintain the function of the entire system in terms of tightness. At the same time, the material of the innermost layer can have sufficient flexibility in order not to form any cracks during pressing and under mechanical stress, as well as the necessary temperature requirements in order not to lose the properties just mentioned in the long term.
  • the hose according to the invention is particularly suitable for use as a pressure carrier hose for refrigerant lines, in particular with CO 2 as the refrigerant.
  • a corrugated pipe through which the refrigerant is to flow is introduced into the hose according to the invention.
  • the term "in this order” refers to an inside-out order of the hose.
  • the innermost layer generally forms the innermost layer of the hose.
  • the inner layer is applied to the innermost layer, i.e. the inner layer is in particular in direct proximity to or in contact with the innermost layer.
  • the innermost layer and the inner layer together form the inner layer of the hose, which can optionally comprise one or more further layers between the inner layer and the reinforcement layer, but this is not preferred.
  • the hose has an innermost layer as the innermost layer, which is composed of thermoplastic material or thermoplastic elastomer material.
  • the thermoplastic material comprises or consists of one or more thermoplastics.
  • the thermoplastic elastomer material comprises or consists of one or more thermoplastic elastomers.
  • the thermoplastics or thermoplastic elastomers used are preferably flexible and heat-resistant.
  • the innermost layer can optionally contain one or more additives, such as fillers or Stabilizers, contain, the total proportion of additives preferably not more than 10% by weight, more preferably not more than 5% by weight, of the innermost layer.
  • the innermost layer is in particular a thermoplastic layer or a thermoplastic and elastomeric layer.
  • thermoplastic copolyester elastomer has proven to be a particularly suitable material for the innermost layer.
  • one or more of the following materials can be considered as thermoplastic material or thermoplastic elastomer material of the innermost layer: polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polymethylpentene (PMP), thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), Polyamide, such as PA6, PA66, PA11, PA12, PA46, PA610, PA9T, PA6T, fluoropolymer or silicone polymer.
  • the thermoplastic material or thermoplastic elastomer material of the innermost layer therefore preferably contains or consists of at least one thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), polyamide, fluoropolymer, silicone polymer or a combination thereof, with TPE or polyamide being preferred.
  • TPE thermoplastic elastomer
  • the polyamide is preferably polyolefin-modified polyamide or elastomer-modified polyamide. If the material contains or consists of TPE, it is in particular a thermoplastic elastomer material.
  • the thermoplastic material or thermoplastic elastomer material of the innermost layer contains or consists of thermoplastic copolyester elastomer (TPC).
  • TPC thermoplastic copolyester elastomer
  • the TPC can be a bond-modified TPC, which is understood to mean a TPC which has been modified for better chemical bonding to an adjacent layer. Such a modification of TPC can take place by incorporating additional reactive groups into the TPC polymer.
  • An example of a bond-modified TPC is a maleic anhydride grafted TPC.
  • the innermost layer preferably has a wall thickness in the range from 0.05 to 0.6 mm, more preferably from 0.08 to 0.15 mm, a wall thickness of about 0.1 mm being particularly preferred.
  • the hose according to the invention also has an inner layer which is applied to the innermost layer and is made up of an elastomer material.
  • the elastomer material comprises or consists of one or more elastomers.
  • the inner layer can optionally contain one or more additives, such as fillers or stabilizers, the total amount of additives being dependent on the type of mixture used. When using AEM as an elastomer material, the total amount of additives can, for example, preferably not exceed 60% by weight, more preferably not more than 50% by weight, of the inner layer.
  • the inner layer is located between the innermost layer and the at least one reinforcement.
  • the inner layer is in particular an elastomeric layer.
  • the elastomer material of the inner layer contains ethylene-acrylate rubber (AEM), acrylate rubber (ACM), fluorine rubber (FPM), ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM), ethylene-propylene rubber (EPM) , hydrogenated acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR), brominated copolymer of isobutylene and paramethyl styrene (BIMS), ethylene vinyl acetate rubber (EVM), silicone rubber (VMQ) or blends thereof or blends with other elastomers, or consists of them.
  • the elastomer material particularly preferably contains AEM, in particular diamine crosslinked AEM, or consists of it.
  • the inner layer is preferably in extruded form.
  • the inner layer preferably has a thickness in the range from 0.5 to 2.5 mm, more preferably from 1 to 1.5 mm.
  • the hose according to the invention also contains one, two or more reinforcement layers, one or two reinforcement layers being preferred.
  • the reinforcement (s) in the reinforcement layer (s) are arranged at an angle which is smaller than the neutral angle of 54.7 °, the angle being preferred in the range from 15 to 53.6 °, preferably from 30 to 37 °, in particular from about 34 to 35 °.
  • this angle of the reinforcement relates to the acute angle that results between the thread orientation of the reinforcement and the longitudinal axis of the hose.
  • the neutral angle (54.7 °) or neutral angle of the reinforcement is the angle at which the hose remains dimensionally stable under pressure. If the angle is smaller than the neutral angle, the hose diameter increases under pressure load, while if the angle is larger than the neutral angle, the hose diameter decreases under pressure load.
  • the reinforcement is usually in the form of thread, yarn, fiber, cord or wire.
  • the reinforcement layer is usually applied by braiding or spiraling (coiling) the reinforcement, preferably on the inner layer.
  • the reinforcement is therefore preferably in a braided or spiraled, i.e. wound form.
  • Metal wire such as p-aramid or m-aramid, polyamides, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) or combinations of the above in the form of hybrid systems are preferred as the material for the reinforcement
  • Reinforcement is preferably yarn, threads or fibers.
  • the reinforcement is preferably formed from metal wire, steel wire being particularly preferred.
  • one or two, preferably one, reinforcement layers can be arranged.
  • one or two, preferably two, reinforcement layers can be arranged.
  • two reinforcement layers are generally used, which can be the same or different from one another.
  • the at least one reinforcement layer comprises or are two reinforcement layers, there is preferably an intermediate layer between the two two reinforcement layers, which is preferably composed of elastomer material, with the two reinforcement layers are preferably spiralized or wound reinforcement layers.
  • the intermediate layer is preferably made up of an elastomer material.
  • the elastomer material comprises or consists of one or more elastomers.
  • the intermediate layer can optionally contain one or more additives such as fillers or stabilizers.
  • the intermediate layer preferably has a thickness in the range from 0.1 to 0.2 mm. The optional intermediate layer is therefore in particular an elastomeric layer.
  • the elastomer material of the intermediate layer advantageously contains or consists of AEM, ACM, FPM, EPDM, EPM, HNBR, BIMS, EVM, VMQ or combinations thereof.
  • the elastomer material particularly preferably contains AEM, in particular diamine crosslinked AEM, or consists of it.
  • the intermediate layer is preferably in extruded form.
  • the hose according to the invention optionally has an outer layer or outer layer which is made up of polymer material. It is preferred that an outer layer made up of a polymer material is present.
  • the polymer material can be, for example, thermoplastic material, thermoplastic elastomer material or elastomer material, preferably elastomer material.
  • the polymer material, preferably elastomer material, of the optional outer layer comprises or consists of one or more polymers, preferably elastomers.
  • the outer layer can optionally contain one or more additives, such as fillers or stabilizers, for example, whereby the total amount of additives can depend heavily on the type of mixture used. If AEM is used as an elastomer material, the total amount of additives can, for example, preferably not exceed 60% by weight, more preferably not more than 50% by weight, of the outer layer.
  • the optional and preferred outer layer is in particular an elastomeric layer.
  • the elastomer material of the outer layer contains AEM, ACM, FPM, EPDM, EPM, HNBR, BIMS, EVM, VMQ or blends thereof or blends with other elastomers, or consists of them.
  • the elastomer material particularly preferably contains AEM, in particular diamine crosslinked AEM, or consists of it.
  • the outer layer is preferably in extruded form.
  • the outer layer preferably has a thickness in the range from 0.1 to 2.5 mm, more preferably from 1 to 1.8 mm.
  • the innermost layer the inner layer, the at least one reinforcement and the optional layers described above (intermediate layer, outer layer, adhesion promoter layer), further layers may optionally be included, but this is not preferred.
  • the hose according to the invention has the following structure, the reinforcement layer (s) preferably being formed from metal wire, in particular steel wire, and / or where, if necessary, one or more adhesion promoter layers are added to the hose structure:
  • TPC film (innermost layer) / inner AEM layer / braided reinforcement layer / outer AEM layer or
  • TPC film innermost layer / spiralized reinforcement layer / AEM intermediate layer / AEM intermediate layer / spiraled reinforcement layer / outer AEM layer
  • the hose according to the invention is particularly suitable as a pressure carrier hose for coolant lines.
  • a corrugated pipe is preferably used as the coolant line. In the preferred embodiment, there is therefore a inside the hose Corrugated pipe arranged.
  • Corrugated pipes are known to the person skilled in the art.
  • a corrugated pipe is generally a pipe made of rigid material with an undulating changing diameter, the corrugation giving the pipe flexibility.
  • the corrugated pipe can be made of metal or plastic, for example, metal being preferred, since plastic is only suitable at relatively low temperatures and pressures in the case of CO2.
  • the invention also relates to a method for producing a hose according to the invention as described above, comprising the following steps
  • thermoplastic material or thermoplastic elastomer material to a dome, preferably by extrusion, in order to form the innermost layer (A4)
  • the at least one reinforcement layer over the inner layer (A5) by braiding or spiraling, the reinforcement being arranged at an angle that is smaller than the neutral angle of 54.7 °, and optionally applying a material, the polymer material, preferably elastomer material, contains, over the at least one reinforcement layer, preferably by extrusion, in order to form the outer layer (C).
  • the innermost layer, the inner layer and / or, if present, the intermediate layer and / or the outer layer of the hose, preferably the refrigerant hose, are preferably extruded one after the other onto a mandrel.
  • the hose is then vulcanized and de-thorned.
  • the hose according to the invention is then available for corrugated pipe assembly.
  • the hose is first preferably cut to the desired length.
  • the hose or hose blank can then be compressed, which leads to an increase in the inside diameter, as a result of which the corrugated pipe can be pushed in.
  • the invention also relates to the use of a hose according to the invention as described above as a pressure carrier hose for refrigerant lines, in particular in the case of CO2 as the refrigerant.
  • the hose is particularly suitable for use at an operating temperature of 160 ° C. or more, in particular with the selection of materials described above.
  • thermoplastic layer A1 of the inner layer A consists of polyamide and the innermost layer of the inner layer as a barrier layer A, another second layer A2 of the inner layer A and an outer layer C.
  • thermoplastic layer A1 of the inner layer A consists of polyamide and the innermost layer as a barrier layer of the inner layer A, another second layer A2 of the inner layer A, an additional elastomeric intermediate layer D and an outer layer C.
  • Fig. 3 shows a refrigerant hose in the form of a barrier hose from the prior art with a braided reinforcement layer B, a three-layer structure of the inner layer A, in which the thermoplastic layer A1 of the inner layer made of polyamide as a barrier layer between two further layers A2, A3 of Inner layer A is embedded, a further second layer A2 of the inner layer A, an additional third layer A3 of the inner layer A and an outer layer C.
  • thermoplastic layer A1 of the inner layer A made of polyamide is embedded as a barrier layer between two further layers A2, A3 of the inner layer A, another second layer A2 of the inner layer A, an additional third layer A3 of the inner layer A, an additional one elastomer intermediate layer D and an outer layer C.
  • Fig. 5 shows a hose according to the invention with a braided reinforcement layer B, a two-layer structure of the inner layer A, in which the first layer in the form of an innermost layer (film) A4 of the inner layer A is made of a thermoplastic or thermoplastic elastomer and the second layer ( the inner layer) A5 of the inner layer A is composed of an elastomeric material.
  • the outer layer C is optional and also polymeric in nature.
  • Fig. 6 shows a hose according to the invention with two spiralized reinforcement layers B1 and B2, a two-layer structure of the inner layer A, in which the first layer in the form of an innermost layer A4 of the inner layer A is made of a thermoplastic or thermoplastic elastomer and the second layer A5 of the Inner layer A is made up of an elastomeric material, an additional optional intermediate layer D and an optional outer layer C.
  • FIG. 7 shows a hose not according to the invention for comparison purposes with a braided reinforcement layer B, only an inner layer or layer A5, which is made up of an elastomeric material.
  • the outer layer C is again optional and also polymeric in nature.
  • the hose does not have an inner layer A4, which is made up of a thermoplastic or thermoplastic elastomer.
  • the hose structure of the hoses was as follows (the inner layer, the reinforcement and the outer layer are the same in all examples): Inner layer A4 (film): TPC (Arnitel CM622, from DSM), layer thickness 0.06 mm (E3); TPC (Arnitel CM622, from DSM), layer thickness 0.1 mm (E2); Polyamide PA6 (Orgalloy LT5050, from Arkema), layer thickness 0.1 mm (El); without inner layer A4 (VI)
  • Inner layer A5 AEM, layer thickness 1.3 mm
  • Reinforcement layer B steel wire, braided, braid angle 34 °
  • Outer layer C AEM, layer thickness 1.4 mm. Test results
  • Table 1 shows various physical test results using the hose produced without the innermost layer VI and the inventive hoses E1, E2 and E3 produced. Before the function tests, the hoses were each mounted on a corrugated pipe of the same nature.
  • test results were determined based on DIN Spec 74106.
  • the rating “+” means that the test was passed, the rating means that the test was not passed, the rating “+/-” means that the test was partially passed.
  • the hose E2 according to the invention is suitable as a pressure carrier hose for use in the high temperature range (currently briefly max. 180 ° C.) and CO2 as the refrigerant. He is characterized by a sufficiently good heat resistance and good flexibility at low temperatures. In addition, the hose in combination with the corrugated pipe shows good impulse behavior.
  • the hoses E1 and E3 according to the invention are conditionally suitable for use as pressure carrier hose in the high-temperature range.
  • the corrugated pipe assembly is simpler in the hoses E1, E2 and E3 according to the invention.
  • A2 another second layer of the inner layer
  • A5 elastomeric layer (inner layer)

Abstract

The invention relates to a hose, which comprises at least the following layers in the sequence given: an innermost layer (A4), which is made up of thermoplastic material or thermoplastic elastomer material; an inner layer (A5), which is applied to the innermost layer (A4) and is made up of elastomer material; at least one reinforcing-element layer (B, B1, B2), wherein the reinforcing element is arranged at an angle less than the neutral angle of 54.7°, and possibly an outer layer (C), which is made up of polymer material. The hose is suitable in particular as a pressure-carrier hose for refrigerant lines, in particular for CO2, for use as a pressure carrier of corrugated pipes.

Description

Beschreibung description
Schlauch, im speziellen für Kältemittelanwendungen Hose, especially for refrigerant applications
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Schlauch, insbesondere für Kältemittel an Wendungen. Der Schlauch ist besonders geeignet als Druckträgerschlauch für Kältemittelleitungen, insbesondere für CO2, für den Einsatz als Druckträger von Wellrohren. The invention relates to a hose, in particular for refrigerant at turns. The hose is particularly suitable as a pressure carrier hose for refrigerant lines, in particular for CO 2 , for use as a pressure carrier for corrugated pipes.
Kältemittel Schläuche, die in Klimaanlagen für die Automobilindustrie verbaut werden, werden in der Regel mit Fluorkohlenwasserstoffen als Kältemittel befüllt. Diese Art von Kältemitteln hat bei Austritt in die Atmosphäre einen negativen Einfluss auf die Elmwelt, z.B. in Form von saurem Regen oder dem Treibhauseffekt. Ein umweltfreundlicheres Kältemittel stellt CO2 dar. Aufgrund seiner Molekülgröße und seiner physikalisch chemischen Eigenschaften stellt es jedoch neue Anforderungen und Herausforderungen an die Klimaanlage, welche u.a. durch neue Schlauchsysteme erfüllt bzw. gelöst werden müssen. Refrigerant hoses that are installed in air conditioning systems for the automotive industry are usually filled with fluorocarbons as refrigerants. When released into the atmosphere, this type of refrigerant has a negative impact on the Elm world, for example in the form of acid rain or the greenhouse effect. CO 2 is a more environmentally friendly refrigerant. Due to its molecular size and its physicochemical properties, however, it poses new requirements and challenges for the air conditioning system, which, among other things, have to be met or solved by new hose systems.
Schläuche, die für die herkömmlichen Kältemittel Anwendung finden, bestehen meist aus drei unterschiedlichen Schichten: Einer Innenschicht, einer Festigkeitsträgerschicht und einer Außenschicht, wobei die Außenschicht und die Innenschicht meist aus einem elastomeren Werkstoff aufgebaut sind und die Innenschicht häufig mehrlagig ausgebildet ist und zusätzlich eine Lage aus einem thermoplastischen Werkstoff integriert hat, welche die Barriereeigenschaft des Schlauchs hinsichtlich Kältemittelverlust deutlich verbessert, jedoch im selben Zuge die Flexibilität des Schlauchs verschlechtert. Hoses that are used for conventional refrigerants usually consist of three different layers: an inner layer, a reinforcement layer and an outer layer, whereby the outer layer and the inner layer are usually made of an elastomeric material and the inner layer is often multi-layered, plus one layer made of a thermoplastic material, which significantly improves the barrier properties of the hose with regard to refrigerant loss, but at the same time worsens the flexibility of the hose.
Als Elastomere für die Innenschicht und / oder die Außenschicht können u.a. EPDM, EPM, BIMS, BIIR, CIIR, IIR, CM, AEM, ACM, CR, NBR, HNBR alleine oder in Kombination verwendet werden. Die Festigkeitsträgerschicht besteht meist aus organischen Fasersystemen, wie z.B. Polyester-, Polyamid-, Rayon-, Aramid- oder PVOH- Garn und liegt in der Regel in geflochtener oder spiralisierter, d.h. gewickelter Form vor. EPDM, EPM, BIMS, BIIR, CIIR, IIR, CM, AEM, ACM, CR, NBR, HNBR alone or in combination can be used as elastomers for the inner layer and / or the outer layer. The reinforcement layer usually consists of organic fiber systems such as polyester, polyamide, rayon, aramid or PVOH yarn and is usually in braided or spiraled, ie wound form.
Die thermoplastische Lage der Innenschicht kann entweder im Schlauchinneren liegen (Veneer- Schl auch, s. Fig. 1 und 2) oder als Barrierelage zwischen zwei weiteren Lagen der Innenschicht eingebettet sein (Barriere- Schl auch, s. Fig. 3 und 4). Als Material für die Barrierelage haben sich Polyamide bewährt. Insbesondere schlagzähmodifizierte PA.6- Typen werden aufgrund ihres guten Kompromisses zwischen Flexibilität und Barrierefunktion heutzutage für die Klimaschlauchherstellung genutzt. The thermoplastic layer of the inner layer can either be inside the tube (veneer tube also, see FIGS. 1 and 2) or it can be embedded as a barrier layer between two further layers of the inner layer (barrier tube also, see FIGS. 3 and 4). Polyamides have proven to be useful as a material for the barrier layer. Impact modified PA.6 grades in particular are nowadays used for air conditioning hose production due to their good compromise between flexibility and barrier function.
Wie bereits oben erwähnt, muss der genannte Schlauchaufbau für die Anwendung mit CO2 als Kältemittel neu konzeptioniert werden. Insbesondere die Hochdruckseite stellt durch Spitzentemperaturen von ca. 180°C und Drücke um die 90 bar erhöhte Anforderungen an die Kältemittelleitung und damit einhergehend an die Schlauchsysteme. As already mentioned above, the aforementioned hose structure must be redesigned for use with CO2 as a refrigerant. The high pressure side in particular places increased demands on the refrigerant line and the associated hose systems due to peak temperatures of approx. 180 ° C and pressures of around 90 bar.
Die hier vorliegende Erfindung hat die Aufgabe einen geeigneten Schlauchaufbau mit den entsprechenden Materialien bereitzustellen, der dafür konzeptioniert ist, durch Stauchung des Schlauchs den Innendurchmesser zu erhöhen, um bei Bedarf ein Wellrohr zu montieren, welches dem gesamten Schlauchkonzept am Ende die nötige Flexibilität und Barrierefunktion bei entsprechender Temperatur- und Druckbelastung verleiht. The present invention has the task of providing a suitable hose construction with the appropriate materials, which is designed to increase the inner diameter by compressing the hose in order to mount a corrugated pipe if necessary, which at the end of the entire hose concept provides the necessary flexibility and barrier function gives corresponding temperature and pressure load.
Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe durch einen Schlauch, der wenigstens folgende Lagen in dieser Reihenfolge aufweist: This task is solved by a hose that has at least the following layers in this order:
- eine innerste Schicht A4, die aus thermoplastischem Werkstoff oder thermoplastischem Elastomerwerkstoff aufgebaut ist, - an innermost layer A4, which is composed of thermoplastic material or thermoplastic elastomer material,
- eine auf der innersten Schicht A4 aufgebrachte innere Schicht A5, die aus Elastomerwerkstoff aufgebaut ist, - an inner layer A5 applied to the innermost layer A4, which is made up of elastomer material,
- mindestens eine Festigkeitsträgerlage B bzw. Bl, B2, wobei der Festigkeitsträger in einem Winkel angeordnet ist, der kleiner ist als der Neutralwinkel von 54,7°, und- At least one reinforcement layer B or B1, B2, wherein the reinforcement is arranged at an angle which is smaller than the neutral angle of 54.7 °, and
- gegebenenfalls eine äußere Schicht C, die aus Polymerwerkstoff aufgebaut ist. - optionally an outer layer C, which is composed of polymer material.
Die innerste Schicht A4 kann hier auch als Folie bezeichnet werden. Überraschenderweise hat sich gezeigt, dass die innerste Schicht neben der Aufgabe, als Montagehilfe für die Wellrohrintegration zu dienen, dem gesamten Schlauchsystem, d.h. einschließlich Wellrohr, genügend Stabilität bei Impulsbelastungen verleiht, um die Funktion des Gesamtsystems hinsichtlich Dichtheit aufrechtzuerhalten. Gleichzeitig kann das Material der innersten Schicht genügend Flexibilität aufweisen, um beim Verpressen und bei mechanischer Belastung keine Risse zu bilden, sowie die erforderlichen Temperaturanforderungen aufweisen, um die eben genannten Eigenschaften auf Dauer nicht zu verlieren. The innermost layer A4 can also be referred to here as a film. Surprisingly, it has been shown that the innermost layer, in addition to serving as an assembly aid for the corrugated pipe integration, gives the entire hose system, ie including the corrugated pipe, sufficient stability under impulse loads to maintain the function of the entire system in terms of tightness. At the same time, the material of the innermost layer can have sufficient flexibility in order not to form any cracks during pressing and under mechanical stress, as well as the necessary temperature requirements in order not to lose the properties just mentioned in the long term.
Der erfindungsgemäße Schlauch eignet sich insbesondere zur Verwendung als Druckträger schlauch für Kältemittelleitungen, insbesondere bei CO2 als Kältemittel. Dabei wird ein Wellrohr in dem erfindungsgemäßen Schlauch eingebracht, durch den das Kältemittel fließen soll. The hose according to the invention is particularly suitable for use as a pressure carrier hose for refrigerant lines, in particular with CO 2 as the refrigerant. A corrugated pipe through which the refrigerant is to flow is introduced into the hose according to the invention.
Der Ausdruck "in dieser Reihenfolge" bezieht sich hier bei dem Schlauch auf eine Reihenfolge von innen nach außen. Insbesondere bildet die innerste Schicht im Allgemeinen die innerste Lage des Schlauchs. As used herein, the term "in this order" refers to an inside-out order of the hose. In particular, the innermost layer generally forms the innermost layer of the hose.
Die innere Schicht ist auf der innersten Schicht aufgebracht, d.h. die innere Schicht steht insbesondere in direkter Nachbarschaft oder Kontakt zur innersten Schicht. Die innerste Schicht und die innere Schicht bilden zusammen die Innenschicht des Schlauchs, die gegebenenfalls eine oder mehrere weitere Schichten zwischen innerer Schicht und Festigkeitsträgerlage umfassen kann, was aber nicht bevorzugt ist. The inner layer is applied to the innermost layer, i.e. the inner layer is in particular in direct proximity to or in contact with the innermost layer. The innermost layer and the inner layer together form the inner layer of the hose, which can optionally comprise one or more further layers between the inner layer and the reinforcement layer, but this is not preferred.
Erfindungsgemäß weist der Schlauch eine innerste Schicht als innerste Lage auf, die aus thermoplastischem Werkstoff oder thermoplastischem Elastomerwerkstoff aufgebaut ist. According to the invention, the hose has an innermost layer as the innermost layer, which is composed of thermoplastic material or thermoplastic elastomer material.
Der thermoplastische Werkstoff umfasst einen oder mehrere Thermoplaste oder besteht daraus. Der thermoplastische Elastomerwerkstoff umfasst ein oder mehrere thermoplastische Elastomere oder besteht daraus. Die eingesetzten Thermoplaste oder thermoplastischen Elastomere sind bevorzugt flexibel und hitzebeständig. Die innerste Schicht kann neben thermoplastischem Werkstoff oder thermoplastischem Elastomerwerkstoff gegebenenfalls ein oder mehrere Additive, wie z.B. Füllstoffe oder Stabilisierungsmittel, enthalten, wobei der Gesamtanteil an Additiven bevorzugt nicht mehr als 10 Gew.-%, bevorzugter nicht mehr als 5 Gew.-%, der innersten Schicht ausmacht. Bei der innersten Schicht handelt es sich insbesondere um eine thermoplastische Schicht oder eine thermoplastische und elastomere Schicht. The thermoplastic material comprises or consists of one or more thermoplastics. The thermoplastic elastomer material comprises or consists of one or more thermoplastic elastomers. The thermoplastics or thermoplastic elastomers used are preferably flexible and heat-resistant. In addition to thermoplastic material or thermoplastic elastomer material, the innermost layer can optionally contain one or more additives, such as fillers or Stabilizers, contain, the total proportion of additives preferably not more than 10% by weight, more preferably not more than 5% by weight, of the innermost layer. The innermost layer is in particular a thermoplastic layer or a thermoplastic and elastomeric layer.
Als besonders geeignetes Material für die innerste Schicht hat sich thermoplastisches Copolyesterelastomer (TPC) erwiesen. Generell oder aber auch für geringere Temperaturanwendungen können u.a. eine oder mehrere der folgenden Materialien als thermoplastischer Werkstoff oder thermoplastischer Elastomerwerkstoff der innersten Schicht in Betracht gezogen werden: Polypropylen (PP), Polyethylen (PE), Polymethylpenten (PMP), thermoplastisches Elastomer (TPE), Polyamid, wie z.B. PA6, PA66, PA11, PA12, PA46, PA610, PA9T, PA6T, Fluorpolymer oder Silikonpolymer.Thermoplastic copolyester elastomer (TPC) has proven to be a particularly suitable material for the innermost layer. In general or for lower temperature applications, one or more of the following materials can be considered as thermoplastic material or thermoplastic elastomer material of the innermost layer: polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polymethylpentene (PMP), thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), Polyamide, such as PA6, PA66, PA11, PA12, PA46, PA610, PA9T, PA6T, fluoropolymer or silicone polymer.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform enthält der thermoplastische Werkstoff oder thermoplastische Elastomerwerkstoff der innersten Schicht daher bevorzugt mindestens ein thermoplastisches Elastomer (TPE), Polyamid, Fluorpolymer, Silikonpolymer oder eine Kombination davon oder besteht daraus, wobei TPE oder Polyamid bevorzugt ist. Das Polyamid ist bevorzugt Polyolefin-modifiziertes Polyamid oder Elastomer-modifiziertes Polyamid. Sofern der Werkstoff TPE enthält oder daraus besteht handelt es sich insbesondere um einen thermoplastischen Elastomerwerkstoff. In a preferred embodiment, the thermoplastic material or thermoplastic elastomer material of the innermost layer therefore preferably contains or consists of at least one thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), polyamide, fluoropolymer, silicone polymer or a combination thereof, with TPE or polyamide being preferred. The polyamide is preferably polyolefin-modified polyamide or elastomer-modified polyamide. If the material contains or consists of TPE, it is in particular a thermoplastic elastomer material.
In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform enthält der thermoplastische Werkstoff oder thermoplastische Elastomerwerkstoff der innersten Schicht thermoplastisches Copolyesterelastomer (TPC) oder besteht daraus. In diesem Fall handelt es sich insbesondere um einen thermoplastischen Elastomerwerkstoff. Das TPC kann ein bindungsmodifiziertes TPC sein, worunter ein TPC verstanden wird, welches zur besseren chemischen Bindung an eine angrenzende Lage modifiziert wurde. Eine solche Modifizierung von TPC kann durch Einbau zusätzlicher reaktiver Gruppen in das TPC- Polymer erfolgen. Ein Beispiel für ein bindungsmodifiziertes TPC ist ein mit Maleinsäureanhydrid gepfropftes TPC. Die innerste Schicht weist bevorzugt eine Wandstärke im Bereich von 0,05 bis 0,6 mm, bevorzugter von 0,08 bis 0,15 mm, auf, wobei eine Wandstärke von etwa 0,1 mm besonders bevorzugt ist. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the thermoplastic material or thermoplastic elastomer material of the innermost layer contains or consists of thermoplastic copolyester elastomer (TPC). In this case, it is in particular a thermoplastic elastomer material. The TPC can be a bond-modified TPC, which is understood to mean a TPC which has been modified for better chemical bonding to an adjacent layer. Such a modification of TPC can take place by incorporating additional reactive groups into the TPC polymer. An example of a bond-modified TPC is a maleic anhydride grafted TPC. The innermost layer preferably has a wall thickness in the range from 0.05 to 0.6 mm, more preferably from 0.08 to 0.15 mm, a wall thickness of about 0.1 mm being particularly preferred.
Der erfmdungsgemäße Schlauch weist ferner eine auf der innersten Schicht aufgebrachte innere Schicht auf, die aus Elastomerwerkstoff aufgebaut ist. Der Elastomerwerkstoff umfasst ein oder mehrere Elastomere oder besteht daraus. Die innere Schicht kann neben Elastomerwerkstoff gegebenenfalls ein oder mehrere Additive, wie z.B. Füllstoffe oder Stabilisierungsmittel, enthalten, wobei der Gesamtanteil an Additiven stark von der Art der eingesetzten Mischung abhängen kann. Bei Einsatz von AEM als Elastomerwerkstoff kann der Gesamtanteil an Additiven z.B. bevorzugt nicht mehr als 60 Gew.-%, bevorzugter nicht mehr als 50 Gew.-%, der inneren Schicht ausmachen. Die innere Schicht befindet sich zwischen der innersten Schicht und dem mindestens einen Festigkeitsträger. Bei der inneren Schicht handelt es sich insbesondere um eine elastomere Schicht. The hose according to the invention also has an inner layer which is applied to the innermost layer and is made up of an elastomer material. The elastomer material comprises or consists of one or more elastomers. In addition to elastomer material, the inner layer can optionally contain one or more additives, such as fillers or stabilizers, the total amount of additives being dependent on the type of mixture used. When using AEM as an elastomer material, the total amount of additives can, for example, preferably not exceed 60% by weight, more preferably not more than 50% by weight, of the inner layer. The inner layer is located between the innermost layer and the at least one reinforcement. The inner layer is in particular an elastomeric layer.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform enthält der Elastomerwerkstoff der inneren Schicht Ethylen-Acrylat-Kautschuk (AEM), Acrylat-Kautschuk (ACM), Fluorkautschuk (FPM), Ethylen-Propylen-Dien-Kautschuk (EPDM), Ethylen-Propylen-Kautschuk (EPM), hydrierten Acrylnitril-Butadien-Kautschuk (HNBR), bromiertes Copolymer aus Isobutylen und Paramethyl styrol (BIMS), Ethylen- Vinylacetat-Kautschuk (EVM), Silikonkautschuk (VMQ) oder Verschnitte davon oder Verschnitte mit anderen Elastomeren, oder besteht daraus. Der Elastomerwerkstoff enthält besonders bevorzugt AEM, insbesondere diaminisch vernetztes AEM, oder besteht daraus. Die innere Schicht liegt bevorzugt in extrudierter Form vor. In a preferred embodiment, the elastomer material of the inner layer contains ethylene-acrylate rubber (AEM), acrylate rubber (ACM), fluorine rubber (FPM), ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM), ethylene-propylene rubber (EPM) , hydrogenated acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR), brominated copolymer of isobutylene and paramethyl styrene (BIMS), ethylene vinyl acetate rubber (EVM), silicone rubber (VMQ) or blends thereof or blends with other elastomers, or consists of them. The elastomer material particularly preferably contains AEM, in particular diamine crosslinked AEM, or consists of it. The inner layer is preferably in extruded form.
Die innere Schicht weist bevorzugt eine Dicke im Bereich von 0,5 bis 2,5 mm, bevorzugter von 1 bis 1,5 mm, auf. The inner layer preferably has a thickness in the range from 0.5 to 2.5 mm, more preferably from 1 to 1.5 mm.
Der erfmdungsgemäße Schlauch enthält zudem eine, zwei oder mehr Festigkeitsträgerlagen, wobei eine oder zwei Festigkeitsträgerlagen bevorzugt sind. Der bzw. die Festigkeitsträger in der oder den Festigkeitsträgerlagen sind in einem Winkel angeordnet, der kleiner ist als der Neutralwinkel von 54,7°, wobei der Winkel bevorzugt im Bereich von 15 bis 53,6°, bevorzugten von 30 bis 37°, insbesondere bei etwa 34 bis 35°, liegt. The hose according to the invention also contains one, two or more reinforcement layers, one or two reinforcement layers being preferred. The reinforcement (s) in the reinforcement layer (s) are arranged at an angle which is smaller than the neutral angle of 54.7 °, the angle being preferred in the range from 15 to 53.6 °, preferably from 30 to 37 °, in particular from about 34 to 35 °.
Wie dem Fachmann bekannt, bezieht sich dieser Winkel des Festigkeitsträgers auf den spitzen Winkel, der sich zwischen der Fadenausrichtung des Festigkeitsträgers und der Längsachse des Schlauches ergibt. Der Neutralwinkel (54,7°) oder neutrale Winkel des Festigkeitsträgers ist der Winkel, bei dem der Schlauch unter Druckbelastung dimensionsstabil bleibt. Bei einem kleineren Winkel als dem Neutralwinkel vergrößert sich der Schlauchdurchmesser bei Druckbelastung, während sich bei einem größeren Winkel als dem Neutralwinkel der Schlauchdurchmesser bei Druckbelastung verkleinert. As is known to those skilled in the art, this angle of the reinforcement relates to the acute angle that results between the thread orientation of the reinforcement and the longitudinal axis of the hose. The neutral angle (54.7 °) or neutral angle of the reinforcement is the angle at which the hose remains dimensionally stable under pressure. If the angle is smaller than the neutral angle, the hose diameter increases under pressure load, while if the angle is larger than the neutral angle, the hose diameter decreases under pressure load.
Der Festigkeitsträger ist gewöhnlich in Form von Faden, Garn, Faser, Cord oder Draht. Die Festigkeitsträgerlage wird in der Regel durch Flechten oder Spiralisieren (Wendeln) des Festigkeitsträgers aufgetragen, vorzugsweise auf die innere Schicht. Der Festigkeitsträger liegt daher bevorzugt in geflochtener oder spiralisierter, d.h. gewickelter Form, vor. The reinforcement is usually in the form of thread, yarn, fiber, cord or wire. The reinforcement layer is usually applied by braiding or spiraling (coiling) the reinforcement, preferably on the inner layer. The reinforcement is therefore preferably in a braided or spiraled, i.e. wound form.
Als Material für den Festigkeitsträger eignet sich bevorzugt Metalldraht, Aramide, wie z.B. p-Aramid oder m-Aramid, Polyamide, Polyethylenterephthalat (PET) oder Polyvinylalkohol (PVOH) oder Kombinationen aus den genannten in Form von Hybridsystemen, wobei es sich bei den nicht metallischen Festigkeitsträger bevorzugt um Garn, Fäden oder Fasern handelt. Der Festigkeitsträger ist bevorzugt aus Metalldraht gebildet, wobei Stahldraht besonders bevorzugt ist. Metal wire, aramids, such as p-aramid or m-aramid, polyamides, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) or combinations of the above in the form of hybrid systems are preferred as the material for the reinforcement Reinforcement is preferably yarn, threads or fibers. The reinforcement is preferably formed from metal wire, steel wire being particularly preferred.
Im Falle geflochtener Festigkeitsträgerlagen können ein oder zwei, bevorzugt eine, Festigkeitsträgerlagen, angeordnet werden. Im Falle spiralisierter Festigkeitsträgerlagen können ein oder zwei, bevorzugt zwei, Festigkeitsträgerlagen, angeordnet werden. Im Falle spiralisierter Festigkeitsträgerlagen werden in der Regel zwei Festigkeitsträgerlagen eingesetzt, die gleich oder verschieden voneinander sein können. In the case of braided reinforcement layers, one or two, preferably one, reinforcement layers can be arranged. In the case of spiralized reinforcement layers, one or two, preferably two, reinforcement layers can be arranged. In the case of spiralized reinforcement layers, two reinforcement layers are generally used, which can be the same or different from one another.
Wenn die mindestens eine Festigkeitsträgerlage zwei Festigkeitsträgerlagen umfasst oder sind, befindet sich zwischen den beiden zwei Festigkeitsträgerlagen bevorzugt eine Zwischenschicht, die bevorzugt aus Elastomerwerkstoff aufgebaut ist, wobei es sich bei den zwei Festigkeitsträgerlagen bevorzugt um spiralisierte bzw. gewickelte Festigkeitsträgerlagen handelt. If the at least one reinforcement layer comprises or are two reinforcement layers, there is preferably an intermediate layer between the two two reinforcement layers, which is preferably composed of elastomer material, with the two reinforcement layers are preferably spiralized or wound reinforcement layers.
Die Zwischenschicht ist bevorzugt aus Elastomerwerkstoff aufgebaut. Der Elastomerwerkstoff umfasst ein oder mehrere Elastomere oder besteht daraus. Die Zwischenschicht kann gegebenenfalls ein oder mehrere Additive, wie z.B. Füllstoffe oder Stabilisierungsmittel, enthalten. Die Zwischenschicht weist bevorzugt eine Dicke im Bereich von 0,1 bis 0,2 mm auf. Bei der optionalen Zwischenschicht handelt es sich somit insbesondere um eine elastomere Schicht. The intermediate layer is preferably made up of an elastomer material. The elastomer material comprises or consists of one or more elastomers. The intermediate layer can optionally contain one or more additives such as fillers or stabilizers. The intermediate layer preferably has a thickness in the range from 0.1 to 0.2 mm. The optional intermediate layer is therefore in particular an elastomeric layer.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform enthält der Elastomerwerkstoff der Zwischenschicht vorteilhafterweise AEM, ACM, FPM, EPDM, EPM, HNBR, BIMS, EVM, VMQ oder Kombinationen davon oder besteht daraus. Der Elastomerwerkstoff enthält besonders bevorzugt AEM, insbesondere diaminisch vernetztes AEM, oder besteht daraus. Die Zwischenschicht liegt bevorzugt in extrudierter Form vor. In a preferred embodiment, the elastomer material of the intermediate layer advantageously contains or consists of AEM, ACM, FPM, EPDM, EPM, HNBR, BIMS, EVM, VMQ or combinations thereof. The elastomer material particularly preferably contains AEM, in particular diamine crosslinked AEM, or consists of it. The intermediate layer is preferably in extruded form.
Der erfindungsgemäße Schlauch weist gegebenenfalls eine äußere Schicht oder Außenschicht auf, die aus Polymerwerkstoff aufgebaut ist. Es ist bevorzugt, dass eine äußere Schicht, die aus Polymerwerkstoff aufgebaut ist, vorhanden ist. Der Polymerwerkstoff kann z.B. thermoplastischer Werkstoff, thermoplastischer Elastomerwerkstoff oder Elastomerwerkstoff sein, bevorzugt Elastomerwerkstoff. The hose according to the invention optionally has an outer layer or outer layer which is made up of polymer material. It is preferred that an outer layer made up of a polymer material is present. The polymer material can be, for example, thermoplastic material, thermoplastic elastomer material or elastomer material, preferably elastomer material.
Der Polymerwerkstoff, bevorzugt Elastomerwerkstoff, der optionalen äußeren Schicht umfasst ein oder mehrere Polymere, bevorzugt Elastomere, oder besteht daraus. Die äußere Schicht kann gegebenenfalls ein oder mehrere Additive, wie z.B. Füllstoffe oder Stabilisierungsmittel, enthalten, wobei der Gesamtanteil an Additiven stark von der Art der eingesetzten Mischung abhängen kann. Bei Einsatz von AEM als Elastomerwerkstoff kann der Gesamtanteil an Additiven z.B. bevorzugt nicht mehr als 60 Gew.-%, bevorzugter nicht mehr als 50 Gew.-%, der äußeren Schicht ausmachen. Bei der optionalen und bevorzugten äußeren Schicht handelt es sich insbesondere um eine elastomere Schicht. The polymer material, preferably elastomer material, of the optional outer layer comprises or consists of one or more polymers, preferably elastomers. The outer layer can optionally contain one or more additives, such as fillers or stabilizers, for example, whereby the total amount of additives can depend heavily on the type of mixture used. If AEM is used as an elastomer material, the total amount of additives can, for example, preferably not exceed 60% by weight, more preferably not more than 50% by weight, of the outer layer. The optional and preferred outer layer is in particular an elastomeric layer.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform enthält der Elastomerwerkstoff der äußeren Schicht AEM, ACM, FPM, EPDM, EPM, HNBR, BIMS, EVM, VMQ oder Verschnitte davon oder Verschnitte mit anderen Elastomeren, oder besteht daraus. Der Elastomerwerkstoff enthält besonders bevorzugt AEM, insbesondere diaminisch vernetztes AEM, oder besteht daraus. Die äußere Schicht liegt bevorzugt in extrudierter Form vor. In a preferred embodiment, the elastomer material of the outer layer contains AEM, ACM, FPM, EPDM, EPM, HNBR, BIMS, EVM, VMQ or blends thereof or blends with other elastomers, or consists of them. The elastomer material particularly preferably contains AEM, in particular diamine crosslinked AEM, or consists of it. The outer layer is preferably in extruded form.
Die äußere Schicht weist, wenn eingesetzt, bevorzugt eine Dicke im Bereich von 0,1 bis 2,5 mm, bevorzugter von 1 bis 1,8 mm, auf. When used, the outer layer preferably has a thickness in the range from 0.1 to 2.5 mm, more preferably from 1 to 1.8 mm.
Zwischen allen Lagen besteht bevorzugt ein ausreichend guter Haftverbund, welcher gegebenenfalls durch Integration von dünnen Haftvermittlerschichten zwischen den Lagen bzw. Schichten verbessert wird. Um die Haftung zwischen den verschiedenen Lagen zu generieren oder zu optimieren, können daher gegebenenfalls zusätzlich Haftvermittlerschichten dem Schlauchaufbau hinzugefügt werden. There is preferably a sufficiently good adhesive bond between all the layers, which is possibly improved by integrating thin layers of adhesion promoter between the layers or layers. In order to generate or optimize the adhesion between the different layers, additional layers of adhesion promoter can therefore be added to the hose structure.
Neben der innersten Schicht, der inneren Schicht, dem mindestens einen Festigkeitsträger sowie den vorstehend beschriebenen optionalen Lagen (Zwischenschicht, äußere Schicht, Haftvermittler Schicht) können gegebenenfalls weitere Schichten enthalten sein, was aber nicht bevorzugt ist. In addition to the innermost layer, the inner layer, the at least one reinforcement and the optional layers described above (intermediate layer, outer layer, adhesion promoter layer), further layers may optionally be included, but this is not preferred.
In besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsformen weist der erfindungsgemäße Schlauch folgenden Aufbau auf, wobei die Festigkeitsträgerlage(n) bevorzugt aus Metalldraht, insbesondere Stahldraht, gebildet sind, und/oder wobei gegebenenfalls ein oder mehrere Haftvermittlerschichten dem Schlauchaufbau hinzugefügt werden: In particularly preferred embodiments, the hose according to the invention has the following structure, the reinforcement layer (s) preferably being formed from metal wire, in particular steel wire, and / or where, if necessary, one or more adhesion promoter layers are added to the hose structure:
TPC-Folie (innerste Schicht) / innere AEM-Schicht / geflochtene Festigkeitsträgerlage / äußere AEM-Schicht oder TPC film (innermost layer) / inner AEM layer / braided reinforcement layer / outer AEM layer or
TPC-Folie (innerste Schicht)/ innere AEM-Schicht / spiralisierte Festigkeitsträgerlage / AEM-Zwischenschicht / AEM-Zwischenschicht / spiralisierte Festigkeitsträgerlage / äußere AEM-Schicht TPC film (innermost layer) / inner AEM layer / spiralized reinforcement layer / AEM intermediate layer / AEM intermediate layer / spiraled reinforcement layer / outer AEM layer
Der erfindungsgemäße Schlauch eignet sich wie erwähnt insbesondere als Druckträger schlauch für Kühlmittelleitungen. Als Kühlmittelleitung dient dabei bevorzugt ein Wellrohr. In der bevorzugten Anwendungsform ist daher im Inneren des Schlauchs ein Wellrohr angeordnet. Wellrohre sind dem Fachmann bekannt. Ein Wellrohr ist allgemein ein Rohr aus starrem Material mit wellenförmig wechselndem Durchmesser, wobei die Wellung dem Rohr Flexibilität verleiht. Das Wellrohr kann z.B. aus Metall oder aus Kunststoff gebildet sein, wobei Metall bevorzugt ist, da Kunststoff sich im Falle von CO2 nur bei relativ niedrigen Temperaturen und Drücken eignet. As mentioned, the hose according to the invention is particularly suitable as a pressure carrier hose for coolant lines. A corrugated pipe is preferably used as the coolant line. In the preferred embodiment, there is therefore a inside the hose Corrugated pipe arranged. Corrugated pipes are known to the person skilled in the art. A corrugated pipe is generally a pipe made of rigid material with an undulating changing diameter, the corrugation giving the pipe flexibility. The corrugated pipe can be made of metal or plastic, for example, metal being preferred, since plastic is only suitable at relatively low temperatures and pressures in the case of CO2.
Die Erfindung betrifft auch ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Schlauchs wie vorstehend beschrieben, umfassend die folgenden SchritteThe invention also relates to a method for producing a hose according to the invention as described above, comprising the following steps
Aufbringen eines Materials, das thermoplastischen Werkstoff oder thermoplastischen Elastomerwerkstoff enthält, auf einen Dom, bevorzugt durch Extrudieren, um die innerste Schicht (A4) zu bilden, Applying a material containing thermoplastic material or thermoplastic elastomer material to a dome, preferably by extrusion, in order to form the innermost layer (A4),
Aufbringen eines Materials, das Elastomerwerkstoff enthält, auf die innerste Schicht, bevorzugt durch Extrudieren, um die innere Schicht auf der innersten Schicht zu bilden, Applying a material containing elastomeric material to the innermost layer, preferably by extrusion, in order to form the inner layer on the innermost layer,
Aufbringen der mindestens einen Festigkeitsträgerlage über der inneren Schicht (A5) durch Flechten oder Spiralisieren, wobei der Festigkeitsträger in einem Winkel angeordnet wird, der kleiner ist als der Neutralwinkel von 54,7°, und gegebenenfalls Aufbringen eines Materials, das Polymerwerkstoff, bevorzugt Elastomerwerkstoff, enthält, über der mindestens einen Festigkeitsträgerlage, bevorzugt durch Extrudieren, um die äußere Schicht (C) zu bilden. Applying the at least one reinforcement layer over the inner layer (A5) by braiding or spiraling, the reinforcement being arranged at an angle that is smaller than the neutral angle of 54.7 °, and optionally applying a material, the polymer material, preferably elastomer material, contains, over the at least one reinforcement layer, preferably by extrusion, in order to form the outer layer (C).
Die innerste Schicht, die innere Schicht und/oder, sofern vorhanden, die Zwischenlage und/oder die äußere Schicht des Schlauchs, vorzugsweise des Kältemittelschlauchs, werden vorzugsweise nacheinander auf einen Dorn extrudiert. Anschließend wird der Schlauch vulkanisiert und entdornt. The innermost layer, the inner layer and / or, if present, the intermediate layer and / or the outer layer of the hose, preferably the refrigerant hose, are preferably extruded one after the other onto a mandrel. The hose is then vulcanized and de-thorned.
Der erfindungsgemäße Schlauch steht anschließend für eine Wellrohrmontage zur Verfügung. Hierfür wird der Schlauch zunächst bevorzugt auf die gewünschte Länge zugeschnitten. Der Schlauch bzw. Schlauchzuschnitt kann dann gestaucht werden, was zu einer Vergrößerung des Innendurchmessers führt, wodurch das Wellrohr eingeschoben werden kann. Die Erfindung betrifft auch die Verwendung eines erfmdungsgemäßen Schlauchs wie vorstehend beschrieben als Druckträgerschlauch für Kältemittelleitungen, insbesondere bei CO2 als Kältemittel. Der Schlauch eignet sich insbesondere für die Verwendung bei einer Einsatztemperatur von 160 °C oder mehr, insbesondere bei der weiter oben beschriebenen Materialauswahl. The hose according to the invention is then available for corrugated pipe assembly. For this purpose, the hose is first preferably cut to the desired length. The hose or hose blank can then be compressed, which leads to an increase in the inside diameter, as a result of which the corrugated pipe can be pushed in. The invention also relates to the use of a hose according to the invention as described above as a pressure carrier hose for refrigerant lines, in particular in the case of CO2 as the refrigerant. The hose is particularly suitable for use at an operating temperature of 160 ° C. or more, in particular with the selection of materials described above.
Die Erfindung wird nun anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen unter Bezugnahme auf Versuchsergebnisse und schematische Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Die Erfindung ist aber nicht auf die nachstehenden Ausführungsbeispiele beschränkt. The invention will now be explained in more detail on the basis of exemplary embodiments with reference to test results and schematic drawings. However, the invention is not restricted to the exemplary embodiments below.
Schematische Zeichnungen Schematic drawings
Fig. 1 zeigt einen Kältemittelschlauch in Form eines Veneer-Schlauchs aus dem Stand der Technik mit einer geflochtenen Festigkeitsträgerlage B, einem zweilagigen Aufbau der Innenschicht A, bei dem die thermoplastische Lage Al der Innenschicht A aus Polyamid besteht und als Barrierelage die innerste Lage der Innenschicht A bildet, einer weiteren zweiten Lage A2 der Innenschicht A und einer äußeren Schicht C. 1 shows a refrigerant hose in the form of a veneer hose from the prior art with a braided reinforcement layer B, a two-layer structure of the inner layer A, in which the thermoplastic layer A1 of the inner layer A consists of polyamide and the innermost layer of the inner layer as a barrier layer A, another second layer A2 of the inner layer A and an outer layer C.
Fig. 2 zeigt einen Kältemittelschlauch in Form eines Veneer-Schlauchs aus dem Stand der Technik mit zwei spiralisierten Festigkeitsträgerlagen Bl, B2, einem zweilagigen Aufbau der Innenschicht A, bei dem die thermoplastische Lage Al der Innenschicht A aus Polyamid besteht und als Barrierelage die innerste Lage der Innenschicht A bildet, einer weiteren zweiten Lage A2 der Innenschicht A, einer zusätzlichen elastomeren Zwischenschicht D und einer äußeren Schicht C. 2 shows a refrigerant hose in the form of a veneer hose from the prior art with two spiraled reinforcement layers B1, B2, a two-layer structure of the inner layer A, in which the thermoplastic layer A1 of the inner layer A consists of polyamide and the innermost layer as a barrier layer of the inner layer A, another second layer A2 of the inner layer A, an additional elastomeric intermediate layer D and an outer layer C.
Fig. 3 zeigt einen Kältemittelschlauch in Form eines Barrier-Schlauchs aus dem Stand der Technik mit einer geflochtenen Festigkeitsträgerlage B, einem dreilagigen Aufbau der Innenschicht A, bei dem die thermoplastische Lage Al der Innenschicht aus Polyamid als Barrierelage zwischen zwei weiteren Lagen A2, A3 der Innenschicht A eingebettet ist, einer weiteren zweiten Lage A2 der Innenschicht A, einer zusätzlichen dritten Lage A3 der Innenschicht A und einer äußeren Schicht C. Fig. 3 shows a refrigerant hose in the form of a barrier hose from the prior art with a braided reinforcement layer B, a three-layer structure of the inner layer A, in which the thermoplastic layer A1 of the inner layer made of polyamide as a barrier layer between two further layers A2, A3 of Inner layer A is embedded, a further second layer A2 of the inner layer A, an additional third layer A3 of the inner layer A and an outer layer C.
Fig. 4 zeigt einen Kältemittelschlauch in Form eines Barrier-Schlauchs aus dem Stand der Technik mit zwei spiralisierten Festigkeitsträgerlagen Bl, B2, einem dreilagigen Aufbau der Innenschicht A, bei dem die thermoplastische Lage Al der Innenschicht A aus Polyamid als Barrierelage zwischen zwei weiteren Lagen A2, A3 der Innenschicht A eingebettet ist, einer weiteren zweiten Lage A2 der Innenschicht A, einer zusätzlichen dritten Lage A3 der Innenschicht A, einer zusätzlichen elastomeren Zwischenschicht D und einer äußeren Schicht C. 4 shows a refrigerant hose in the form of a barrier hose from the prior art with two spiralized reinforcement layers B1, B2, a three-layer structure the inner layer A, in which the thermoplastic layer A1 of the inner layer A made of polyamide is embedded as a barrier layer between two further layers A2, A3 of the inner layer A, another second layer A2 of the inner layer A, an additional third layer A3 of the inner layer A, an additional one elastomer intermediate layer D and an outer layer C.
Fig. 5 zeigt einen erfindungsgemäßen Schlauch mit einer geflochtenen Festigkeitsträgerlage B, einem zweilagigen Aufbau der Innenschicht A, bei dem die erste Lage in Form einer innersten Schicht (Folie) A4 der Innenschicht A aus einem Thermoplasten oder thermoplastischen Elastomer aufgebaut ist und die zweite Lage (die innere Schicht) A5 der Innenschicht A aus einem elastomeren Werkstoff aufgebaut ist. Die äußere Lage C ist optional und ebenfalls polymerer Natur. Fig. 5 shows a hose according to the invention with a braided reinforcement layer B, a two-layer structure of the inner layer A, in which the first layer in the form of an innermost layer (film) A4 of the inner layer A is made of a thermoplastic or thermoplastic elastomer and the second layer ( the inner layer) A5 of the inner layer A is composed of an elastomeric material. The outer layer C is optional and also polymeric in nature.
Fig. 6 zeigt einen erfindungsgemäßen Schlauch mit zwei spiralisierten Festigkeitsträgerlagen Bl und B2, einem zweilagigen Aufbau der Innenschicht A, bei dem die erste Lage in Form einer innersten Schicht A4 der Innenschicht A aus einem Thermoplasten oder thermoplastischen Elastomer aufgebaut ist und die zweite Lage A5 der Innenschicht A aus einem elastomeren Werkstoff aufgebaut ist, einer zusätzlichen optionalen Zwischenschicht D und einer optionalen äußeren Schicht C. Fig. 6 shows a hose according to the invention with two spiralized reinforcement layers B1 and B2, a two-layer structure of the inner layer A, in which the first layer in the form of an innermost layer A4 of the inner layer A is made of a thermoplastic or thermoplastic elastomer and the second layer A5 of the Inner layer A is made up of an elastomeric material, an additional optional intermediate layer D and an optional outer layer C.
Fig. 7 zeigt einen nicht erfindungsgemäßen Schlauch für Vergleichszwecke mit einer geflochtenen Festigkeitsträgerschicht B, lediglich einer inneren Lage bzw. Schicht A5, welche aus einem elastomeren Werkstoff aufgebaut ist. Die äußere Lage C ist erneut optional und ebenfalls polymerer Natur. Der Schlauch weist keine innenliegende Schicht A4 auf, die aus einem Thermoplasten oder thermoplastischen Elastomer aufgebaut ist.7 shows a hose not according to the invention for comparison purposes with a braided reinforcement layer B, only an inner layer or layer A5, which is made up of an elastomeric material. The outer layer C is again optional and also polymeric in nature. The hose does not have an inner layer A4, which is made up of a thermoplastic or thermoplastic elastomer.
Beispiele Examples
Es wurden ein Schlauch (VI) ohne innerste Schicht und mehrere erfmdungsgemäße Schläuche (El, E2 und E3) hergestellt. Der Schlauchaufbau der Schläuche war hierbei wie folgt (die innere Schicht, der Festigkeitsträger und die äußere Lage sind in allen Beispielen gleich): Innerste Schicht A4 (Folie): TPC (Arnitel CM622, Fa. DSM), Lagendicke 0,06 mm (E3); TPC (Arnitel CM622, Fa. DSM), Lagendicke 0,1 mm (E2); Polyamid PA6 (Orgalloy LT5050, Fa. Arkema), Lagendicke 0,1 mm (El); ohne innere Lage A4 (VI) A tube (VI) without an innermost layer and several tubes according to the invention (E1, E2 and E3) were produced. The hose structure of the hoses was as follows (the inner layer, the reinforcement and the outer layer are the same in all examples): Inner layer A4 (film): TPC (Arnitel CM622, from DSM), layer thickness 0.06 mm (E3); TPC (Arnitel CM622, from DSM), layer thickness 0.1 mm (E2); Polyamide PA6 (Orgalloy LT5050, from Arkema), layer thickness 0.1 mm (El); without inner layer A4 (VI)
Innere Schicht A5: AEM, Lagendicke 1,3 mm Inner layer A5: AEM, layer thickness 1.3 mm
FestigkeitsträgerschichtB: Stahldraht, geflochten, Geflechtswinkel 34° Reinforcement layer B: steel wire, braided, braid angle 34 °
Äußere Schicht C: AEM, Lagendicke 1,4 mm Versuchsergebnisse Outer layer C: AEM, layer thickness 1.4 mm. Test results
Tabelle 1 zeigt verschiedene physikalische Prüfergebnisse anhand des hergestellten Schlauches ohne innerste Schicht VI und der hergestellten erfindungsgemäßen Schläuche El, E2 und E3. Vor den Funktionsprüfungen wurden die Schläuche jeweils auf ein Wellrohr gleicher Natur montiert. Table 1 shows various physical test results using the hose produced without the innermost layer VI and the inventive hoses E1, E2 and E3 produced. Before the function tests, the hoses were each mounted on a corrugated pipe of the same nature.
Die Prüfergebnisse wurden in Anlehnung an DIN Spec 74106 ermittelt. Die Bewertung „+“ bedeutet, dass der Test bestanden wurde, die Bewertung bedeutet, dass der Test nicht bestanden wurde, die Bewertung „+/-“ bedeutet, dass der Test zum Teil bestanden wurde. The test results were determined based on DIN Spec 74106. The rating “+” means that the test was passed, the rating means that the test was not passed, the rating “+/-” means that the test was partially passed.
Tabelle 1 Table 1
Der erfindungsgemäße Schlauch E2 eignet sich als Druckträgerschlauch für den Einsatz im Hochtemperaturbereich (momentan kurzzeitig max. 180°C) und CO2 als Kältemittel. Er zeichnet sich durch eine ausreichend gute Wärmebeständigkeit und eine gute Kälteflexibilität aus. Zudem weist der Schlauch in Kombination mit dem Wellrohr ein gutes Impul sverhalten auf. Die erfindungsgemäßen Schläuche El und E3 eignen sich bedingt für den Einsatz als Druckträgerschlauch im Hochtemperaturbereich. The hose E2 according to the invention is suitable as a pressure carrier hose for use in the high temperature range (currently briefly max. 180 ° C.) and CO2 as the refrigerant. He is characterized by a sufficiently good heat resistance and good flexibility at low temperatures. In addition, the hose in combination with the corrugated pipe shows good impulse behavior. The hoses E1 and E3 according to the invention are conditionally suitable for use as pressure carrier hose in the high-temperature range.
Der Vergleichsschlauch VI ohne innerste Schicht fällt bereits nach kurzer Impulsgebung aus und weist eine erschwerte Wellrohrmontage auf. Bei den erfindungsgemäßen Schläuche El, E2 und E3 ist die Wellrohrmontage einfacher. The comparison hose VI without the innermost layer already fails after a short pulse and has a difficult corrugated pipe assembly. The corrugated pipe assembly is simpler in the hoses E1, E2 and E3 according to the invention.
B ezugszei chenli ste (Teil der Beschreibung) List of references (part of the description)
A Innenschicht A inner layer
Al Barrierelage der Innenschicht Al barrier layer of the inner layer
A2 weitere zweite Lage der InnenschichtA2 another second layer of the inner layer
A3 zusätzliche dritte Lage der InnenschichtA3 additional third layer of the inner layer
A4 innerste Schicht A4 innermost layer
A5 elastomere Schicht (innere Schicht)A5 elastomeric layer (inner layer)
B einzige Festigkeitsträgerlage B only reinforcement layer
B 1 erste F estigkeitsträgerlage B 1 first layer of reinforcement beams
B2 zweite Festigkeitsträgerlage B2 second reinforcement layer
D elastomere Zwischenschicht D elastomeric intermediate layer
C äußere Schicht C outer layer

Claims

Patentansprüche Claims
1. Schlauch, insbesondere Druckträger schlauch für Kältemittelleitungen, der wenigstens folgende Lagen in dieser Reihenfolge aufweist: eine innerste Schicht (A4), die aus thermoplastischem Werkstoff oder thermoplastischem Elastomerwerkstoff aufgebaut ist, eine auf der innersten Schicht (A4) aufgebrachte innere Schicht (A5), die aus Elastomerwerkstoff aufgebaut ist, mindestens eine Festigkeitsträgerlage (B, Bl, B2), wobei der Festigkeitsträger in einem Winkel angeordnet ist, der kleiner ist als der Neutralwinkel von 54,7°, und gegebenenfalls eine äußere Schicht (C), die aus Polymerwerkstoff aufgebaut ist. 1. Hose, in particular pressure carrier hose for refrigerant lines, which has at least the following layers in this order: an innermost layer (A4) made of thermoplastic material or thermoplastic elastomer material, an inner layer (A5) applied to the innermost layer (A4) , which is composed of elastomer material, at least one reinforcement layer (B, B1, B2), wherein the reinforcement is arranged at an angle that is smaller than the neutral angle of 54.7 °, and optionally an outer layer (C), which consists of Polymer material is built up.
2. Schlauch nach Anspruch 1, wobei der thermoplastische Werkstoff oder thermoplastische Elastomerwerkstoff der innersten Schicht (A4) mindestens ein thermoplastisches Elastomer (TPE), Polyamid, Fluorpolymer, Silikonpolymer oder eine Kombination davon enthält oder daraus besteht, vorzugsweise aus TPE besteht. 2. Hose according to claim 1, wherein the thermoplastic material or thermoplastic elastomer material of the innermost layer (A4) contains or consists of at least one thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), polyamide, fluoropolymer, silicone polymer or a combination thereof, preferably consists of TPE.
3. Schlauch nach Anspruch 1 oder Anspruch 2, wobei der thermoplastische Werkstoff oder thermoplastische Elastomerwerkstoff der innersten Schicht (A4) thermoplastisches Copolyesterelastomer (TPC), insbesondere bindungsmodifiziertes TPC, enthält oder daraus besteht. 3. Hose according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the thermoplastic material or thermoplastic elastomer material of the innermost layer (A4) contains or consists of thermoplastic copolyester elastomer (TPC), in particular bond-modified TPC.
4. Schlauch nach Anspruch 2, wobei das Polyamid Polyolefin-modifiziertes Polyamid oder Elastomer-modifiziertes Polyamid ist. 4. Hose according to claim 2, wherein the polyamide is polyolefin-modified polyamide or elastomer-modified polyamide.
5. Schlauch nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, wobei die innerste Schicht (A4) eine Wandstärke im Bereich von 0,05 bis 0,6 mm, bevorzugt von 0,08 bis 0,15 mm, aufweist. 5. Hose according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the innermost layer (A4) has a wall thickness in the range from 0.05 to 0.6 mm, preferably from 0.08 to 0.15 mm.
6. Schlauch nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, wobei die mindestens eine Festigkeitsträgerlage zwei Festigkeitsträgerlagen (Bl, B2) umfasst oder sind, zwischen denen sich eine Zwischenschicht (D) befindet, die aus Elastomerwerkstoff aufgebaut ist. 6. Hose according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one reinforcement layer comprises or are two reinforcement layers (B1, B2), between which there is an intermediate layer (D) which is composed of elastomer material.
7. Schlauch nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, wobei der Polymerwerkstoff der äußeren Schicht (C) Elastomerwerkstoff ist und/oder der Elastomerwerkstoff der inneren Schicht (A5) und, falls vorhanden, der äußeren Schicht (C) und/oder der Zwischenschicht (D) unabhängig voneinander AEM (Ethylen-Acrylat-Kautschuk), ACM (Acrylat-Kautschuk), FPM (Fluorkautschuk), EPDM (Ethylen-Propylen-Dien-Kautschuk), EPM (Ethylen-Propylen-Kautschuk), HNBR (hydrierten Acrylnitril-Butadien-Kautschuk), BIMS (bromiertes Copolymer aus Isobutylen und Paramethyl styrol), EVM (Ethylen- Vinylacetat-Kautschuk), VMQ (Silikonkautschuk) oder Verschnitte daraus oder mit anderen Elastomeren, enthält oder daraus besteht, wobei der Elastomerwerkstoff bevorzugt AEM, insbesondere diaminisch vernetztes AEM, enthält oder daraus besteht. 7. Hose according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the polymer material of the outer layer (C) is elastomer material and / or the elastomer material of the inner layer (A5) and, if present, the outer layer (C) and / or the intermediate layer (D) independently of one another AEM (ethylene acrylate rubber), ACM (acrylate rubber), FPM (fluororubber), EPDM (ethylene propylene diene rubber), EPM (ethylene propylene rubber), HNBR (hydrogenated acrylonitrile butadiene Rubber), BIMS (brominated copolymer of isobutylene and paramethyl styrene), EVM (ethylene vinyl acetate rubber), VMQ (silicone rubber) or blends of these or with other elastomers, or consists of them, the elastomer material preferably AEM, in particular diamine crosslinked AEM , contains or consists of.
8. Schlauch nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, wobei der Festigkeitsträger aus Metalldraht gebildet ist und/oder der Festigkeitsträger in geflochtener oder spiralisierter Form vorliegt und/oder der Festigkeitsträger in einem Winkel im Bereich von 15 bis 53,6°, bevorzugt von 30 bis 37°, angeordnet ist. 8. Hose according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the reinforcement is formed from metal wire and / or the reinforcement is in braided or spiral form and / or the reinforcement is at an angle in the range from 15 to 53.6 °, preferably from 30 to 37 °, is arranged.
9. Schlauch nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, wobei im Inneren des Schlauchs ein Wellrohr angeordnet ist. 9. Hose according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a corrugated pipe is arranged in the interior of the hose.
10. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Schlauchs nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, umfassend die folgenden Schritte 10. A method of manufacturing a hose according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the following steps
Aufbringen eines Materials, das thermoplastischen Werkstoff oder thermoplastischen Elastomerwerkstoff enthält, auf einen Dom, bevorzugt durch Extrudieren, um die innerste Schicht (A4) zu bilden, Applying a material containing thermoplastic material or thermoplastic elastomer material to a dome, preferably by extrusion, in order to form the innermost layer (A4),
Aufbringen eines Materials, das Elastomerwerkstoff enthält, auf die innerste Schicht (A4), bevorzugt durch Extrudieren, um die innere Schicht (A5) auf der innersten Schicht (A4) zu bilden, Aufbringen der mindestens einen Festigkeitsträgerlage über der inneren Schicht (A5) durch Flechten oder Spiralisieren, wobei der Festigkeitsträger in einem Winkel angeordnet wird, der kleiner ist als der Neutralwinkel von 54,7°, und gegebenenfalls Aufbringen eines Materials, das Polymerwerkstoff, bevorzugt Elastomerwerkstoff, enthält, über der mindestens einen Festigkeitsträgerlage, bevorzugt durch Extrudieren, um die äußere Schicht (C) zu bilden. Applying a material containing elastomer material to the innermost layer (A4), preferably by extrusion, in order to form the inner layer (A5) on the innermost layer (A4), Applying the at least one reinforcement layer over the inner layer (A5) by braiding or spiraling, the reinforcement being arranged at an angle that is smaller than the neutral angle of 54.7 °, and optionally applying a material, the polymer material, preferably elastomer material, contains, over the at least one reinforcement layer, preferably by extrusion, in order to form the outer layer (C).
11. Verwendung eines Schlauchs nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9 als Druckträger schlauch für Kältemittelleitungen, insbesondere bei CO2 als Kältemittel. 11. Use of a hose according to one of claims 1 to 9 as a pressure carrier hose for refrigerant lines, in particular with CO2 as the refrigerant.
12. Verwendung nach Anspruch 11 bei einer Temperatur von 160 °C oder mehr. 12. Use according to claim 11 at a temperature of 160 ° C or more.
EP20771499.9A 2019-10-14 2020-09-04 Hose, specifically for refrigerant applications Pending EP4045829A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102019215713.0A DE102019215713A1 (en) 2019-10-14 2019-10-14 Hose, especially for refrigerant applications
PCT/EP2020/074821 WO2021073804A1 (en) 2019-10-14 2020-09-04 Hose, specifically for refrigerant applications

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4045829A1 true EP4045829A1 (en) 2022-08-24

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EP20771499.9A Pending EP4045829A1 (en) 2019-10-14 2020-09-04 Hose, specifically for refrigerant applications

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US (1) US20240102585A1 (en)
EP (1) EP4045829A1 (en)
CN (1) CN114555998A (en)
DE (1) DE102019215713A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2021073804A1 (en)

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4633912A (en) * 1985-05-31 1987-01-06 The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Hose construction
AU705231B2 (en) * 1996-02-20 1999-05-20 Kabushiki Kaisha Meiji Gomu Kasei Refrigerant conveying hose
DE102007047495B4 (en) * 2007-10-04 2009-07-16 Contitech Kühner Gmbh & Cie. Kg Corrugated hose assembly and method for its production
US9592648B2 (en) * 2009-06-01 2017-03-14 Gates Corporation Low-permeation flexible fuel hose
DE102011052723A1 (en) * 2011-08-16 2013-04-04 Contitech Mgw Gmbh Extruded molded article, in particular molded hose, with an embedded reinforcement of a fine knit and method for its production
US9841125B2 (en) * 2013-09-16 2017-12-12 Eaton Corporation Hose with rubber and plastic

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WO2021073804A1 (en) 2021-04-22
DE102019215713A1 (en) 2021-04-15
US20240102585A1 (en) 2024-03-28
CN114555998A (en) 2022-05-27

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