EP4014277A1 - Anti-propagation exhaust device for aircraft lithium-ion batteries - Google Patents

Anti-propagation exhaust device for aircraft lithium-ion batteries

Info

Publication number
EP4014277A1
EP4014277A1 EP21755808.9A EP21755808A EP4014277A1 EP 4014277 A1 EP4014277 A1 EP 4014277A1 EP 21755808 A EP21755808 A EP 21755808A EP 4014277 A1 EP4014277 A1 EP 4014277A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
membrane
pressure
housing
opening
assembly according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP21755808.9A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Dimitry LOUBERE
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Airbus Defence and Space SAS
Original Assignee
Airbus Defence and Space SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Airbus Defence and Space SAS filed Critical Airbus Defence and Space SAS
Publication of EP4014277A1 publication Critical patent/EP4014277A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/342—Non-re-sealable arrangements
    • H01M50/3425—Non-re-sealable arrangements in the form of rupturable membranes or weakened parts, e.g. pierced with the aid of a sharp member
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H01M2200/20—Pressure-sensitive devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • This disclosure relates to an exhaust device for aircraft batteries, in particular in the event of thermal runaway of one or more batteries.
  • the object of the invention is to propose a device for evacuating the gases generated in the event of thermal runaway of a battery on board an aircraft, which is common to several batteries, without risk of thermal runaway contamination from battery to battery.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a device with high reliability.
  • the invention proposes an exhaust device for at least one battery housed in at least one casing and mounted in an aircraft, each casing comprising a wall in which is arranged a through opening, the device comprising :
  • each non-return valve comprises a membrane mounted on the wall of each housing in which the through opening is arranged, so as to close said opening in a sealed manner , each membrane having a surface for applying pressure towards the inside of the housing and a surface for applying pressure towards the outside of the housing, and in which the surface for applying pressure towards the outside of the housing is greater to the pressure application surface towards the inside of the casing, so that the membrane bursts for a burst pressure value reached inside the casing lower than a burst pressure value reached outside of the box.
  • the inward pressure application surface of each membrane is less than or equal to one third of the outward pressure application surface of the housing.
  • each membrane is located outside the casing and the pressure application surface towards the outside of the membrane is equal to the internal section of the evacuation pipe.
  • the device may further comprise a membrane support in contact with a main face of the membrane facing the inside of the housing, and shaped to reduce the pressure application surface towards the inside the case.
  • each membrane support comprises a set of bars extending parallel to the membrane and transversely between them. [0011] In some embodiments, each membrane support is formed by a grid or a cross.
  • each valve comprises an end piece for connection to the evacuation pipe, the end piece being attached to the wall of the case in which the through opening is arranged, and the membrane being inserted between the mouthpiece and the wall.
  • each valve comprises an end piece for connection to the evacuation pipe, the end piece comprising a first portion adapted to enter the through opening and a second portion forming a peripheral shoulder adapted to come into bearing against a rim of the through opening, the membrane being housed inside the endpiece bearing against the peripheral shoulder.
  • each membrane is formed of silicone.
  • the device may further comprise a sensor arranged on each membrane and suitable for detecting an open or closed state of each membrane.
  • the device connects between one and six housings to the common exhaust port.
  • the device further comprises a pressure relief valve mounted on the common evacuation orifice, and adapted to close this orifice as long as the pressure in the evacuation pipe is lower than a value of threshold pressure lower than the external burst pressure of the membranes, and to authorize the communication of fluid towards the exterior of the aircraft when the pressure in the evacuation pipe reaches said threshold pressure.
  • a method implemented by such a device comprises, in the event of an increase in the pressure in a battery box,
  • an aircraft power supply assembly comprising a plurality of batteries mounted in an aircraft, the batteries being housed in a plurality of casings, each casing comprising a wall in which is arranged a through opening, the assembly further comprising a device for exhausting the batteries according to the preceding description.
  • the batteries (2) are lithium batteries.
  • the device described herein makes it possible to connect a set of batteries, in particular lithium batteries, to a single evacuation orifice opening out onto the outside of the aircraft, without any moving parts.
  • the valve mounted on each battery box allows the escape of the gases generated during a possible thermal runaway of a battery towards the evacuation orifice, since the membrane of the valve yields to the pressure. applied by these gases, without the membranes of the valves of the other batteries yielding under this pressure. The risk of thermal runaway contagion from one battery to another is therefore eliminated.
  • the device also has advantages in the case of a single battery, since the membrane, closing the battery box in a sealed manner, makes it possible to form a sealing barrier eliminating, in particular in the event of an assembly operation or maintenance, the need to use a temporary sealing device to prevent the entry of objects or liquids into the battery box.
  • a membrane further comprises a sensor making it possible to detect a rupture of the membrane
  • this sensor can provide an indication additional to a battery management device to know the state of the battery(ies) contained in the case closed by the membrane.
  • FIG. 1 shows an exhaust device of a plurality of batteries according to one embodiment.
  • FIG. 2a shows a cross-sectional view of a valve of an exhaust device according to one embodiment.
  • FIG. 2b shows a cross-sectional view of a valve of an exhaust device according to one embodiment.
  • FIG. 2c shows an exploded view of the valve shown in Figure 2b.
  • FIG. 3 shows an example of mounting a valve on a battery box.
  • FIG. 4 schematically represents an example of kinematics in the event of thermal runaway of a battery.
  • FIG. 1 shows an example of an assembly for the power supply of an aircraft, comprising a plurality of batteries 2 mounted in an aircraft 3, and an exhaust device 1 for the batteries.
  • the batteries can be lithium batteries, in particular batteries of the LFP or NMC type.
  • the batteries can be of cylindrical, prismatic or pouch format (that is to say, bagged or placed in a case).
  • the aircraft in which the batteries 2 and the exhaust device 1 are mounted may for example be an airplane, for civil or commercial applications, a helicopter, an autonomous vehicle of the flying taxi type, a space shuttle, or any other aircraft, particularly intended for passenger transport applications.
  • Each battery 2 is housed in a casing adapted to contain the flames and the gases generated in the event of thermal runaway of the battery.
  • each battery case 20 may be formed from aluminum.
  • each battery 2 is housed in a respective casing.
  • a casing can house several batteries, for example two batteries.
  • the exhaust device 1 makes it possible to connect a plurality of battery boxes 20, and therefore a plurality of batteries, to a common exhaust port 30, arranged in a wall of the aircraft and leading outside the aircraft.
  • the exhaust device makes it possible to connect at least 1 box 20 of batteries 2 to the evacuation orifice 30, and preferably between 1 and 6 boxes. In the case where each box houses a battery, the device thus makes it possible to connect between 1 and 6 batteries, to the evacuation orifice 30.
  • Each housing 20 comprises a wall 21 in which is arranged a through opening 22.
  • the exhaust device 1 comprises, for each housing 20, an evacuation pipe 10 connecting the through opening 22 of the housing 20 to the evacuation orifice 30.
  • the evacuation pipes therefore comprise a portion specific to each battery box 20 and a portion common to all of the battery boxes, and all of the evacuation pipes communicate with one another so that gases can freely circulate in all the evacuation pipes.
  • the exhaust device further comprises, for each battery box 20, a valve 11, carried at the end of each discharge pipe 10 on the side of the casing, and mounted on the through opening 22 of the casing.
  • the valve 11 comprises a membrane 12, mounted on the wall 21 of the housing so as to close the through opening 22 of the housing in a sealed manner.
  • the membrane is made of a waterproof material that is non-flammable.
  • the membrane can be made of silicone.
  • it can also be formed from a metal strip.
  • the valve 11 may also include a connection end piece, adapted to receive one end of an evacuation pipe, so as to connect the through-opening 22 of the housing with the pipe 10.
  • the valve is adapted so that the membrane 12 is able to hold a pressure PE on the side of the evacuation pipe, that is to say outside the housing, greater than the pressure PI inside the battery box.
  • each valve is adapted so that the membrane 12 yields for an internal pressure PI in the battery case 20 equal to a determined pressure P1, without yielding when this pressure P1 is reached, or even exceeded, by the pressure PE in the pipe. evacuation.
  • each valve is adapted so that the membrane 12 has an internal burst pressure PIB less than or equal to half, or even a third, of the external burst pressure PEB.
  • Each membrane 12 has a pressure application surface towards the outside of the housing S ⁇ E and a pressure application surface towards the inside of the housing S ⁇ .
  • the pressure application surface can be formed by several disjoint regions of the section of the membrane. Alternatively, it can be formed by a single region, which has an area less than or equal to the area of the membrane.
  • the pressure application surface of a main face of the membrane may correspond to the surface of the membrane free to deform under the effect of pressure.
  • the pressure application surface towards of the casing may correspond to the section of the through opening.
  • the inward and outward pressure application surfaces S ⁇ E of the membrane can therefore be different. .
  • the geometry of the membrane 12 is adapted so that the pressure application surface towards the outside of the casing S ⁇ E , i.e. greater than the pressure application surface inside the box.
  • the force exerted by gases on the membrane 12 is greater towards the outside than towards the inside, which causes the membrane to rupture for a pressure of burst pressure reached in housing 20 less than a PEB burst pressure in vent line 10.
  • the pressure applying section towards is less than or equal to half, or even one third, of the outward pressure application section S ⁇ E , to allow a sufficient pressure difference between the pressures that can be sustained on either side of the membrane .
  • the membrane 12 may be located outside the housing 20, and cover the through opening 22 so as to close this opening.
  • the pressure application surface towards the inside of the housing may correspond to the section of the through opening 20 of the housing.
  • the surface of application of pressure S ⁇ E towards the outside of the casing corresponds to the section inside the evacuation pipe 10, this section being advantageously greater than the section of the through-opening, and preferably at least twice as large as the section of the through-opening.
  • this embodiment can be obtained by pinching the membrane 12 between the connection endpiece of the valve and the wall 21 of the housing.
  • the connection end piece 13 is adapted to be attached to the wall of the box in which the through opening is arranged, for example by means of a fixing plate 130.
  • the connection end piece can then be attached to the box, for example by screwing or by bolting the mounting plate to the wall 21 of the housing.
  • the membrane 12 is then interposed between the wall of the case and the end of the connection piece formed by the fixing plate 130, so as to seal the opening in a sealed manner, without there being any need to add an additional gasket.
  • the membrane 12 can be an integrated element in the connection endpiece of the valve.
  • the connection piece 13 comprises a main body 139 comprising a portion 131 adapted to be inserted into the through opening 22 of the housing 20, and an adjacent portion 132 of greater diameter, forming a peripheral shoulder adapted to bear against an edge of the through-opening 22.
  • the connecting piece 13 can be fixed rigidly to the wall of the casing by bolting the peripheral shoulder to the wall of the housing or, in the case where the portion 131 inserted in the through opening extends projecting with respect to the wall of the housing, by tightening a nut 133 around the projecting portion.
  • a seal 134 may be provided between the peripheral edge of the connection end piece and the wall of the box.
  • the membrane 12 can itself be held in the connection end piece, resting against the peripheral shoulder, by another tightening nut 135.
  • the peripheral shoulder of the connecting piece 13 is located inside the housing 20, and the membrane 12 is therefore also inside the case.
  • the reverse configuration could be adopted and the membrane 12 would then be outside the casing.
  • each valve may include a membrane support 14 located on the side of the membrane located inside the casing.
  • the membrane support 14 is preferably in contact with the main face of the membrane facing the inside of the housing.
  • the membrane support 14 is shaped to reduce the surface of application of pressure towards the inside of the housing by limiting the surface of the membrane free to deform inwards.
  • the membrane support 14 can be formed of one or more bars extending parallel to the membrane and transversely between them.
  • the membrane support can be formed of a cross or a grid extending in a plane parallel to the plane of the membrane and in contact with the latter. The membrane support therefore makes it possible to reduce the pressure application surface towards the inside of the membrane and to increase the difference between the internal pressure PI and the external pressure PE at the bursting of the membrane.
  • a membrane support is shown, this nut being a grid formed in one piece with the nut holding the membrane in the connection piece.
  • the membrane support 14 can be formed integrally with the wall 21 of the housing in which the through opening 22 is made. This is the case in the example shown in Figure 3.
  • the membrane support 14 can be a separate part attached to the wall of the housing or to one of the components of the valve 11 .
  • the support is formed integrally with the tightening nut 135 holding the membrane 12 integral with the body 139 of the end piece for connection to the evacuation pipe.
  • a sensor (not shown) can be arranged on the membrane, being adapted to detect a closed or open (burst) state of the membrane.
  • the sensor can be, for example but not limitatively, of the strain gauge type, breaking wire, etc.
  • the sensor can then be connected to a management device for the battery or batteries (or BMS, acronym for the English Battery Management System) contained in each box, so that the battery management device can have access to additional information on the state of the membrane.
  • the device further comprises a pressure relief valve 40 mounted on the common discharge port to all battery boxes, or, failing to be mounted directly on the evacuation orifice, it is arranged on a common portion of all the evacuation pipes.
  • the pressure relief valve is adapted to close the evacuation orifice as long as the pressure inside the evacuation pipes is lower than a threshold pressure Ps, and to release this orifice, for example by bursting, when the pressure reaches or exceeds the threshold pressure.
  • the threshold pressure Ps is lower than the external bursting pressure PEs of the membranes of the valves mounted on the casings.
  • the threshold pressure is advantageously less than or equal to the internal burst pressure GDP of these membranes, so that in the event of thermal runaway of a battery, the corresponding membrane of the case bursts, and consequently the pressure relief valve also releases the exhaust port.
  • the threshold pressure PS can be equal to the pressure PIB.
  • FIG. 4 a kinematics allowed by the exhaust device 1 presented above in the event of thermal runaway of a battery.
  • a battery undergoes thermal runaway, causing the generation of gas and the increase in pressure in the battery casing, until reaching the internal bursting pressure PIB of the membrane, for example two bars.
  • the membrane of the housing bursts, which leads to the propagation of gases in all of the evacuation pipes of the exhaust device and the increase in pressure in these pipes.
  • the pressure in the evacuation pipes reaches the threshold pressure PS at which the pressure relief valve 40 releases the evacuation orifice 30.
  • This threshold pressure is lower than the pressure external PEB to which the membranes of the other housings 20 give way. Consequently, the evacuation orifice 30 is freed to allow the evacuation of the gases without contamination of the thermal runaway to the other batteries.
  • the gases are evacuated outside the aircraft and the pressure in the evacuation pipes decreases, without having reached the PEB external pressure for the bursting of the other membranes, and therefore the risk of thermal runaway is eliminated.
  • connection end piece

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Gas Exhaust Devices For Batteries (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an assembly for electrical supply of an aircraft, comprising at least one battery (2) housed in a respective housing (20), each housing comprising a wall in which a through-opening is arranged, and an exhaust device comprising: - a discharge duct (10) connecting each housing opening to a common discharge port (30), - a valve (11) mounted on each opening (22), each valve comprising a membrane (12) designed so as to close the opening in a sealed manner and having a surface for applying pressure towards the inside of the housing and a surface for applying pressure towards the outside of the housing, the surface for applying pressure towards the outside of the housing being larger than the surface for applying pressure towards the inside of the housing, so that the membrane bursts at a bursting pressure inside the housing lower than a bursting pressure attained outside the housing.

Description

Description Description
Titre : Dispositif d’échappement anti propagation de batteries lithium-ion d’aéronef Title: Anti-propagation exhaust device for aircraft lithium-ion batteries
Domaine technique Technical area
[0001] La présente divulgation concerne un dispositif d’échappement de batteries d’aéronef, notamment en cas d’emballement thermique d’une ou plusieurs batteries. This disclosure relates to an exhaust device for aircraft batteries, in particular in the event of thermal runaway of one or more batteries.
Technique antérieure Prior technique
[0002] A ce jour, les aéronefs transportant des passagers ne comportent pas de batteries au lithium, mais des batteries Ni-Cad, qui ne sont pas exposées au risque d’emballement thermique. Pour qu’un aéronef puisse embarquer des batteries au lithium, il doit être conforme à la certification DO311 A qui implique de mettre en place un système d’évacuation entre chaque batterie et l’extérieur de l’aéronef, pour qu’en cas d’emballement thermique d’une batterie, les gaz générés soient évacués à l’extérieur de l’aéronef. Ce système d’évacuation doit respecter des contraintes de tenue à la pression et à de hautes températures. [0002] To date, aircraft carrying passengers do not have lithium batteries, but Ni-Cad batteries, which are not exposed to the risk of thermal runaway. For an aircraft to be able to carry lithium batteries, it must comply with DO311 A certification, which involves setting up an evacuation system between each battery and the outside of the aircraft, so that in the event of a thermal runaway of a battery, the gases generated are evacuated outside the aircraft. This evacuation system must comply with pressure and high temperature resistance constraints.
[0003] Or, si l’aéronef transporte plusieurs batteries, il n’est pas souhaitable pour des raisons d’encombrement, de masse et de difficultés de conception, de prévoir un dispositif d’évacuation par batterie embarquée dans l’aéronef. Par ailleurs, pour obtenir une certification, il convient de proposer un dispositif d’évacuation présentant une fiabilité importante. However, if the aircraft carries several batteries, it is not desirable for reasons of size, mass and design difficulties, to provide an evacuation device per battery on board the aircraft. In addition, to obtain certification, it is necessary to offer an evacuation device with significant reliability.
Résumé Summary
[0004] Compte-tenu de ce qui précède, l’invention a pour but de proposer un dispositif d’évacuation des gaz générés en cas d’emballement thermique d’une batterie embarquée dans un aéronef, qui soit commun à plusieurs batteries, sans risque de contamination de l’emballement thermique d’une batterie à l’autre. [0004] In view of the foregoing, the object of the invention is to propose a device for evacuating the gases generated in the event of thermal runaway of a battery on board an aircraft, which is common to several batteries, without risk of thermal runaway contamination from battery to battery.
[0005] Un autre but de l’invention est de proposer un dispositif présentant une fiabilité importante. [0006] A cet égard, l’invention propose un dispositif d’échappement d’au moins une batterie logée dans au moins un boîtier et montée dans un aéronef, chaque boîtier comprenant une paroi dans laquelle est agencée une ouverture traversante, le dispositif comprenant : Another object of the invention is to provide a device with high reliability. In this respect, the invention proposes an exhaust device for at least one battery housed in at least one casing and mounted in an aircraft, each casing comprising a wall in which is arranged a through opening, the device comprising :
- une conduite d’évacuation reliant l’ouverture de chaque boîtier à un orifice d’évacuation commun débouchant à l’extérieur de l’aéronef, - an evacuation pipe connecting the opening of each box to a common evacuation orifice opening outside the aircraft,
- une valve anti-retour montée sur l’ouverture de chaque boîtier, dans lequel chaque valve anti-retour comprend une membrane montée sur la paroi de chaque boîtier dans laquelle est agencée l’ouverture traversante, de manière à fermer ladite ouverture de façon étanche, chaque membrane présentant une surface d’application de pression vers l’intérieur du boîtier et une surface d’application de pression vers l’extérieur du boîtier, et dans lequel la surface d’application de pression vers l’extérieur du boîtier est supérieure à la surface d’application de pression vers l’intérieur du boîtier, de sorte que la membrane éclate pour une valeur de pression d’éclatement atteinte à l’intérieur du boitier inférieure à une valeur de pression d’éclatement atteinte à l’extérieur du boitier. - a non-return valve mounted on the opening of each housing, in which each non-return valve comprises a membrane mounted on the wall of each housing in which the through opening is arranged, so as to close said opening in a sealed manner , each membrane having a surface for applying pressure towards the inside of the housing and a surface for applying pressure towards the outside of the housing, and in which the surface for applying pressure towards the outside of the housing is greater to the pressure application surface towards the inside of the casing, so that the membrane bursts for a burst pressure value reached inside the casing lower than a burst pressure value reached outside of the box.
[0007] Dans des modes de réalisation, la surface d’application de pression vers l’intérieur de chaque membrane est inférieure ou égale au tiers de la surface d’application de pression vers l’extérieur du boîtier. [0007] In some embodiments, the inward pressure application surface of each membrane is less than or equal to one third of the outward pressure application surface of the housing.
[0008] Dans des modes de réalisation, chaque membrane est située à l’extérieur du boîtier et la surface d’application de pression vers l’extérieur de la membrane est égale à la section interne de la conduite d’évacuation. [0008] In embodiments, each membrane is located outside the casing and the pressure application surface towards the outside of the membrane is equal to the internal section of the evacuation pipe.
[0009] Dans des modes de réalisation, le dispositif peut en outre comprendre un support de membrane en contact avec une face principale de la membrane orientée vers l’intérieur du boîtier, et conformé pour réduire la surface d’application de pression vers l’intérieur du boîtier. [0009] In some embodiments, the device may further comprise a membrane support in contact with a main face of the membrane facing the inside of the housing, and shaped to reduce the pressure application surface towards the inside the case.
[0010] Dans des modes de réalisation, chaque support de membrane comprend un ensemble de barres s’étendant parallèlement à la membrane et transversalement entre elles. [0011] Dans des modes de réalisation, chaque support de membrane est formé d’une grille ou d’une croix. [0010] In embodiments, each membrane support comprises a set of bars extending parallel to the membrane and transversely between them. [0011] In some embodiments, each membrane support is formed by a grid or a cross.
[0012] Dans des modes de réalisation, chaque valve comprend un embout de raccordement à la conduite d’évacuation, l’embout étant rapporté sur la paroi du boitier dans laquelle est agencée l’ouverture traversante, et la membrane étant intercalée entre l’embout et la paroi. [0012] In some embodiments, each valve comprises an end piece for connection to the evacuation pipe, the end piece being attached to the wall of the case in which the through opening is arranged, and the membrane being inserted between the mouthpiece and the wall.
[0013] Dans des modes de réalisation, chaque valve comprend un embout de raccordement à la conduite d’évacuation, l’embout comprenant une première portion adaptée pour pénétrer dans l’ouverture traversante et une deuxième portion formant un épaulement périphérique adapté pour venir en appui contre un rebord de l’ouverture traversante, la membrane étant logée à l’intérieur de l’embout en appui contre l’épaulement périphérique. [0013] In some embodiments, each valve comprises an end piece for connection to the evacuation pipe, the end piece comprising a first portion adapted to enter the through opening and a second portion forming a peripheral shoulder adapted to come into bearing against a rim of the through opening, the membrane being housed inside the endpiece bearing against the peripheral shoulder.
[0014] Dans des modes de réalisation, chaque membrane est formée en silicone. [0014] In embodiments, each membrane is formed of silicone.
[0015] Dans des modes de réalisation, le dispositif peut en outre comprendre un capteur agencé sur chaque membrane et adapté pour détecter un état ouvert ou fermé de chaque membrane. [0015] In some embodiments, the device may further comprise a sensor arranged on each membrane and suitable for detecting an open or closed state of each membrane.
[0016] Dans des modes de réalisation, le dispositif relie entre un et six boitiers à l’orifice d’évacuation commun. [0016] In embodiments, the device connects between one and six housings to the common exhaust port.
[0017] Dans des modes de réalisation, le dispositif comprend en outre une valve de surpression montée sur l’orifice d’évacuation commun, et adaptée pour obturer cet orifice tant que la pression dans la conduite d’évacuation est inférieure à une valeur de pression de seuil inférieure à la pression d’éclatement extérieur des membranes, et pour autoriser la communication de fluide vers l’extérieur de l’aéronef lorsque la pression dans la conduite d’évacuation atteint ladite pression de seuil. [0017] In some embodiments, the device further comprises a pressure relief valve mounted on the common evacuation orifice, and adapted to close this orifice as long as the pressure in the evacuation pipe is lower than a value of threshold pressure lower than the external burst pressure of the membranes, and to authorize the communication of fluid towards the exterior of the aircraft when the pressure in the evacuation pipe reaches said threshold pressure.
[0018] Dans ce cas, un procédé mis en oeuvre par un tel dispositif comprend, en cas d’augmentation de la pression dans un boîtier de batterie, [0018] In this case, a method implemented by such a device comprises, in the event of an increase in the pressure in a battery box,
- l’éclatement de la membrane dudit boîtier de batterie lorsque la pression dans celui-ci atteint la valeur de pression d’éclatement à l’intérieur du boitier, et l’échappement de gaz contenu dans le boîtier de batterie dans la conduite d’évacuation, et - bursting of the membrane of said battery box when the pressure therein reaches the bursting pressure value inside the box, and the escape of gas contained in the battery box into the pipe evacuation, and
- la libération de l’orifice d’évacuation commun par la valve de surpression lorsque la pression dans la conduite d’évacuation atteint la valeur de pression de seuil inférieure à la pression d’éclatement à l’extérieur des autres boîtiers, pour permettre l’évacuation de gaz à l’extérieur de l’aéronef. - the release of the common evacuation port by the overpressure valve when the pressure in the evacuation line reaches the threshold pressure value lower than the bursting pressure outside the other boxes, to allow the evacuation of gases outside the aircraft.
[0019] Selon un autre objet, il est décrit un ensemble d’alimentation électrique d’aéronef comprenant une pluralité de batteries montées dans un aéronef, les batteries étant logées dans une pluralité de boîtiers, chaque boîtier comprenant une paroi dans laquelle est agencée une ouverture traversante, l’ensemble comprenant en outre un dispositif d’échappement des batteries selon la description qui précède. [0019]According to another object, there is described an aircraft power supply assembly comprising a plurality of batteries mounted in an aircraft, the batteries being housed in a plurality of casings, each casing comprising a wall in which is arranged a through opening, the assembly further comprising a device for exhausting the batteries according to the preceding description.
[0020] Dans des modes de réalisation, les batteries (2) sont des batteries au lithium. [0020] In embodiments, the batteries (2) are lithium batteries.
[0021] Le dispositif décrit dans la présente permet de raccorder un ensemble de batteries, notamment des batteries au lithium, à un unique orifice d’évacuation débouchant à l’extérieur de l’aéronef, sans aucune pièce mobile. Pour cela, la valve montée sur chaque boîtier de batterie permet d’autoriser l’échappement des gaz générés lors d’un éventuel emballement thermique d’une batterie vers l’orifice d’évacuation, puisque la membrane de la valve cède à la pression appliquée par ces gaz, sans que les membranes des valves des autres batteries ne cèdent sous cette pression. Le risque de contagion d’un emballement thermique d’une batterie à l’autre est donc supprimé. [0021] The device described herein makes it possible to connect a set of batteries, in particular lithium batteries, to a single evacuation orifice opening out onto the outside of the aircraft, without any moving parts. For this, the valve mounted on each battery box allows the escape of the gases generated during a possible thermal runaway of a battery towards the evacuation orifice, since the membrane of the valve yields to the pressure. applied by these gases, without the membranes of the valves of the other batteries yielding under this pressure. The risk of thermal runaway contagion from one battery to another is therefore eliminated.
[0022] Le dispositif présente également des avantages dans le cas d’une unique batterie, puisque la membrane, fermant le boîtier de batterie de façon étanche, permet de former une barrière d’étanchéité supprimant, notamment en cas d’opération de montage ou de maintenance, la nécessité d’utiliser un dispositif d’obturation temporaire pour empêcher la pénétration d’objet ou de liquide dans le boîtier de batterie. [0022] The device also has advantages in the case of a single battery, since the membrane, closing the battery box in a sealed manner, makes it possible to form a sealing barrier eliminating, in particular in the event of an assembly operation or maintenance, the need to use a temporary sealing device to prevent the entry of objects or liquids into the battery box.
[0023] Dans le cas où une membrane comporte en outre un capteur permettant de détecter une rupture de la membrane, ce capteur peut fournir une indication supplémentaire à un dispositif de gestion de batterie pour connaître l’état de la ou des batteries contenue(s) dans le boîtier fermé par la membrane. [0023] In the case where a membrane further comprises a sensor making it possible to detect a rupture of the membrane, this sensor can provide an indication additional to a battery management device to know the state of the battery(ies) contained in the case closed by the membrane.
Brève description des dessins Brief description of the drawings
[0024] D’autres caractéristiques, détails et avantages apparaîtront à la lecture de la description détaillée ci-après, et à l’analyse des dessins annexés, sur lesquels : [0024] Other characteristics, details and advantages will appear on reading the detailed description below, and on analyzing the appended drawings, in which:
Fig. 1 Fig. 1
[0025] [Fig. 1] représente un dispositif d’échappement d’une pluralité de batteries selon un mode de réalisation. [0025] [Fig. 1] shows an exhaust device of a plurality of batteries according to one embodiment.
Fig. 2a Fig. 2a
[0026] [Fig. 2a] représente une vue en coupe transversale d’une valve d’un dispositif d’échappement selon un mode de réalisation. [0026] [Fig. 2a] shows a cross-sectional view of a valve of an exhaust device according to one embodiment.
Fig. 2b Fig. 2b
[0027] [Fig. 2b] représente une vue en coupe transversale d’une valve d’un dispositif d’échappement selon un mode de réalisation. [0027] [Fig. 2b] shows a cross-sectional view of a valve of an exhaust device according to one embodiment.
Fig. 2c Fig. 2c
[0028] [Fig. 2c] représente une vue en éclaté de la valve représentée de la figure 2b. [0028] [Fig. 2c] shows an exploded view of the valve shown in Figure 2b.
Fig. 3 Fig. 3
[0029] [Fig. 3] représente un exemple de montage d’une valve sur un boitier de batterie. [0029] [Fig. 3] shows an example of mounting a valve on a battery box.
Fig. 4 Fig. 4
[0030] [Fig. 4] représente schématiquement un exemple de cinématique en cas d’emballement thermique d’une batterie. [0030] [Fig. 4] schematically represents an example of kinematics in the event of thermal runaway of a battery.
Description des modes de réalisation Description of embodiments
[0031] Il est maintenant fait référence à la figure 1 , qui représente un exemple d’ensemble pour l’alimentation électrique d’un aéronef, comprenant une pluralité de batteries 2 montées dans un aéronef 3, et un dispositif d’échappement 1 des batteries. Les batteries peuvent être des batteries au lithium, en particulier des batteries de type LFP, ou NMC. Par ailleurs, les batteries peuvent être de format cylindrique, prismatique ou pouch (c’est — à-dire ensachetées ou mises sous étui). L’aéronef dans lequel les batteries 2 et le dispositif 1 d’échappement sont montés peut être par exemple un avion, pour des applications civiles ou commerciales, un hélicoptère, un véhicule autonome type taxi volant, une navette spatiale, ou tout autre aéronef, notamment prévu pour des applications de transport de passagers. [0031] Reference is now made to Figure 1, which shows an example of an assembly for the power supply of an aircraft, comprising a plurality of batteries 2 mounted in an aircraft 3, and an exhaust device 1 for the batteries. The batteries can be lithium batteries, in particular batteries of the LFP or NMC type. Furthermore, the batteries can be of cylindrical, prismatic or pouch format (that is to say, bagged or placed in a case). The aircraft in which the batteries 2 and the exhaust device 1 are mounted may for example be an airplane, for civil or commercial applications, a helicopter, an autonomous vehicle of the flying taxi type, a space shuttle, or any other aircraft, particularly intended for passenger transport applications.
[0032] Chaque batterie 2 est logée dans un boîtier adapté pour contenir les flammes et les gaz générés en cas d’emballement thermique de la batterie. Par exemple, chaque boîtier 20 de batterie peut être formé en aluminium. Dans un mode de réalisation, chaque batterie 2 est logée dans un boîtier respectif. En variante, un boîtier peut loger plusieurs batteries, par exemple deux batteries. Each battery 2 is housed in a casing adapted to contain the flames and the gases generated in the event of thermal runaway of the battery. For example, each battery case 20 may be formed from aluminum. In one embodiment, each battery 2 is housed in a respective casing. As a variant, a casing can house several batteries, for example two batteries.
[0033] Comme décrit plus en détails ci-après, le dispositif 1 d’échappement permet de relier une pluralité de boitiers 20 de batteries, et donc une pluralité de batteries, à un orifice d’évacuation 30 commun, agencé dans une paroi de l’aéronef et débouchant à l’extérieur de l’aéronef. Dans des modes de réalisation, le dispositif d’échappement permet de relier au moins 1 boitier 20 de batteries 2 à l’orifice d’évacuation 30, et de préférence entre 1 et 6 boitiers. Dans le cas où chaque boitier loge une batterie, le dispositif permet ainsi de relier entre 1 et 6 batteries, à l’orifice d’évacuation 30. As described in more detail below, the exhaust device 1 makes it possible to connect a plurality of battery boxes 20, and therefore a plurality of batteries, to a common exhaust port 30, arranged in a wall of the aircraft and leading outside the aircraft. In some embodiments, the exhaust device makes it possible to connect at least 1 box 20 of batteries 2 to the evacuation orifice 30, and preferably between 1 and 6 boxes. In the case where each box houses a battery, the device thus makes it possible to connect between 1 and 6 batteries, to the evacuation orifice 30.
[0034] Chaque boîtier 20 comprend une paroi 21 dans laquelle est agencée une ouverture traversante 22. Le dispositif 1 d’échappement comprend, pour chaque boîtier 20, une conduite d’évacuation 10 reliant l’ouverture traversante 22 du boîtier 20 à l’orifice d’évacuation 30. Les conduites d’évacuation comprennent donc une portion propre à chaque boîtier 20 de batterie et une portion commune à l’ensemble des boîtiers de batterie, et l’ensemble des conduites d’évacuation communiquent entre elles de sorte que des gaz peuvent librement circuler dans l’ensemble des conduites d’évacuation. Le dispositif d’échappement comprend en outre, pour chaque boîtier 20 de batterie, une valve 11 , portée à l’extrémité de chaque conduite d’évacuation 10 du côté du boîtier, et montée sur l’ouverture traversante 22 du boîtier. Each housing 20 comprises a wall 21 in which is arranged a through opening 22. The exhaust device 1 comprises, for each housing 20, an evacuation pipe 10 connecting the through opening 22 of the housing 20 to the evacuation orifice 30. The evacuation pipes therefore comprise a portion specific to each battery box 20 and a portion common to all of the battery boxes, and all of the evacuation pipes communicate with one another so that gases can freely circulate in all the evacuation pipes. The exhaust device further comprises, for each battery box 20, a valve 11, carried at the end of each discharge pipe 10 on the side of the casing, and mounted on the through opening 22 of the casing.
[0035] En référence aux figures 2a à 2c, la valve 11 comprend une membrane 12, montée sur la paroi 21 du boîtier de manière à fermer l’ouverture traversante 22 du boîtier de façon étanche. La membrane est réalisée en un matériau étanche est ininflammable. Par exemple, la membrane peut être réalisée en silicone. En variante elle peut également être formée d’un feuillard métallique. Outre la fonction décrite ci-après, le fait que la membrane ferme de façon étanche l’ouverture traversante permet d’assurer l’étanchéité du boîtier. De ce fait, l’étanchéité du boîtier est garantie y compris lors d’opérations de montage ou de maintenance, supprimant le besoin pour un dispositif d’obturation temporaire. [0035] Referring to Figures 2a to 2c, the valve 11 comprises a membrane 12, mounted on the wall 21 of the housing so as to close the through opening 22 of the housing in a sealed manner. The membrane is made of a waterproof material that is non-flammable. For example, the membrane can be made of silicone. As a variant, it can also be formed from a metal strip. In addition to the function described below, the fact that the membrane tightly closes the through opening ensures the tightness of the case. As a result, the tightness of the box is guaranteed, including during assembly or maintenance operations, eliminating the need for a temporary sealing device.
[0036] La valve 11 peut également comprendre un embout de raccordement, adapté pour recevoir une extrémité d’une conduite d’évacuation, de manière à relier l’ouverture traversante 22 du boîtier avec la conduite 10. [0036] The valve 11 may also include a connection end piece, adapted to receive one end of an evacuation pipe, so as to connect the through-opening 22 of the housing with the pipe 10.
[0037] La valve est adaptée pour que la membrane 12 soit capable de tenir une pression PE du côté de la conduite d’évacuation, c’est-à-dire extérieur au boîtier, supérieure à la pression PI intérieure au boitier de batterie. En particulier, chaque valve est adaptée pour que la membrane 12 cède pour une pression intérieure PI dans le boîtier 20 de batterie égale à une pression déterminée P1 , sans céder lorsque cette pression P1 est atteinte, voire dépassée, par la pression PE dans la conduite d’évacuation. De préférence, chaque valve est adaptée pour que la membrane 12 présente une pression intérieure d’éclatement PIB inférieure ou égale à la moitié, voire au tiers, de la pression extérieure d’éclatement PEB. The valve is adapted so that the membrane 12 is able to hold a pressure PE on the side of the evacuation pipe, that is to say outside the housing, greater than the pressure PI inside the battery box. In particular, each valve is adapted so that the membrane 12 yields for an internal pressure PI in the battery case 20 equal to a determined pressure P1, without yielding when this pressure P1 is reached, or even exceeded, by the pressure PE in the pipe. evacuation. Preferably, each valve is adapted so that the membrane 12 has an internal burst pressure PIB less than or equal to half, or even a third, of the external burst pressure PEB.
[0038] Chaque membrane 12 présente une surface d’application de pression vers l’extérieur du boitier S^E et une surface d’application de pression vers l’intérieur du boitier S^. Dans la suite, on appelle surface d’application de pression, la part de la section de la membrane, qui est inférieure ou égale à la surface totale de la membrane, sur laquelle s’exerce une force résultante d’une pression de gaz, selon l’équation F=P.S. La surface d’application de pression peut être formée par plusieurs régions disjointes de la section de la membrane. En variante, elle peut être formée par une unique région, qui est de surface inférieure ou égale à la surface de la membrane. Each membrane 12 has a pressure application surface towards the outside of the housing S ^ E and a pressure application surface towards the inside of the housing S ^. In the following, the pressure application surface is the part of the section of the membrane, which is less than or equal to the total surface of the membrane, on which a force resulting from a gas pressure is exerted, according to the equation F=PS The pressure application surface can be formed by several disjoint regions of the section of the membrane. Alternatively, it can be formed by a single region, which has an area less than or equal to the area of the membrane.
[0039] Par exemple, la surface d’application de pression d’une face principale de la membrane peut correspondre à la surface de la membrane libre de se déformer sous l’effet de la pression. Dans un exemple dans lequel la membrane se trouve à l’extérieur du boîtier de manière à recouvrir l’ouverture traversante du boîtier, la surface d’application de pression vers du boîtier peut correspondre à la section de l’ouverture traversante. For example, the pressure application surface of a main face of the membrane may correspond to the surface of the membrane free to deform under the effect of pressure. In an example in which the membrane is on the exterior of the casing so as to cover the through opening of the casing, the pressure application surface towards of the casing may correspond to the section of the through opening.
[0040] En fonction de la géométrie du dispositif d’échappement 1 de part et d’autre de la membrane, les surfaces d’application de pression vers l’intérieur et vers l’extérieur S^E de la membrane peuvent donc être différentes. [0040] Depending on the geometry of the exhaust device 1 on either side of the membrane, the inward and outward pressure application surfaces S^ E of the membrane can therefore be different. .
[0041] Pour que la membrane 12 puisse supporter, du côté de la conduite d’évacuation, une pression supérieure à la pression exercée à l’intérieur du boitier PIB à laquelle elle cède, la géométrie de la membrane 12 est adaptée pour que la surface d’application de pression vers l’extérieur du boîtier S^E, soit supérieure à la surface d’application de pression vers l’intérieur du boitier. De la sorte, à pression identique de part et d’autre de la membrane, la force exercée par des gaz sur la membrane 12 est supérieure vers l’extérieur que vers l’intérieur, ce qui amène la membrane à rompre pour une pression d’éclatement PIB atteinte dans le boîtier 20 inférieure à une pression d’éclatement PEB dans la conduite d’évacuation 10. Dans des modes de réalisation, la section d’application de pression vers est inférieure ou égale à la moitié, voire au tiers, de la section d’application de pression vers l’extérieur S^E , pour permettre une différence de pression suffisante entre les pressions pouvant être soutenues de part et d’autre de la membrane. [0041] In order for the membrane 12 to be able to withstand, on the side of the evacuation pipe, a pressure greater than the pressure exerted inside the PIB box to which it yields, the geometry of the membrane 12 is adapted so that the pressure application surface towards the outside of the casing S^ E , i.e. greater than the pressure application surface inside the box. In this way, at identical pressure on either side of the membrane, the force exerted by gases on the membrane 12 is greater towards the outside than towards the inside, which causes the membrane to rupture for a pressure of burst pressure reached in housing 20 less than a PEB burst pressure in vent line 10. In embodiments, the pressure applying section towards is less than or equal to half, or even one third, of the outward pressure application section S^ E , to allow a sufficient pressure difference between the pressures that can be sustained on either side of the membrane .
[0042] Dans des modes de réalisation, la membrane 12 peut être située à l’extérieur du boîtier 20, et couvrir l’ouverture traversante 22 de manière à obturer cette ouverture. En référence à la figure 2a, dans ce mode de réalisation, la surface d’application de pression vers l’intérieur du boîtier peut correspondre à la section de l’ouverture traversante 20 du boîtier. En revanche, la surface d’application de pression S^E vers l’extérieur du boîtier correspond à la section interne de la conduite d’évacuation 10, cette section étant avantageusement supérieure à la section de l’ouverture traversante, et de préférence au moins deux fois supérieure à la section de l’ouverture traversante. In embodiments, the membrane 12 may be located outside the housing 20, and cover the through opening 22 so as to close this opening. Referring to Figure 2a, in this embodiment, the pressure application surface towards the inside of the housing may correspond to the section of the through opening 20 of the housing. On the other hand, the surface of application of pressure S^ E towards the outside of the casing corresponds to the section inside the evacuation pipe 10, this section being advantageously greater than the section of the through-opening, and preferably at least twice as large as the section of the through-opening.
[0043] Dans l’exemple représenté sur les figures 2a et 4, ce mode de réalisation peut être obtenu en pinçant la membrane 12 entre l’embout de raccordement de la valve et la paroi 21 du boîtier. L’embout de raccordement 13 est adapté pour être rapporté sur la paroi du boîtier dans laquelle l’ouverture traversante est agencée, par exemple au moyen d’une platine de fixation 130. L’embout de raccordement peut alors être rapporté au boitier par exemple par vissage ou par boulonnage de la platine de fixation sur la paroi 21 du boîtier. La membrane 12 est alors intercalée entre la paroi du boitier et l’extrémité de l’embout de raccordement formée par la platine de fixation 130, de manière à obturer l’ouverture de façon étanche, sans qu’il y ait besoin d’ajouter un joint d’étanchéité supplémentaire. In the example shown in Figures 2a and 4, this embodiment can be obtained by pinching the membrane 12 between the connection endpiece of the valve and the wall 21 of the housing. The connection end piece 13 is adapted to be attached to the wall of the box in which the through opening is arranged, for example by means of a fixing plate 130. The connection end piece can then be attached to the box, for example by screwing or by bolting the mounting plate to the wall 21 of the housing. The membrane 12 is then interposed between the wall of the case and the end of the connection piece formed by the fixing plate 130, so as to seal the opening in a sealed manner, without there being any need to add an additional gasket.
[0044] Dans d’autres modes de réalisation, la membrane 12 peut être un élément intégré dans l’embout de raccordement de la valve. [0044] In other embodiments, the membrane 12 can be an integrated element in the connection endpiece of the valve.
[0045] Selon un exemple de réalisation représenté sur les figures 2b et 2c, l’embout de raccordement 13 comprend un corps principal 139 comprenant une portion 131 adaptée pour être insérée dans l’ouverture traversante 22 du boîtier 20, et une portion adjacente 132 de diamètre supérieur, formant un épaulement périphérique adapté pour venir en appui contre un rebord de l’ouverture traversante 22. Dans ce cas, l’embout de raccordement 13 peut être fixé rigidement à la paroi du boîtier par boulonnage de l’épaulement périphérique à la paroi du boîtier ou encore, dans le cas où la portion 131 insérée dans l’ouverture traversante s’étend en saillie par rapport à la paroi du boîtier, par serrage d’un écrou 133 autour de la portion en saillie. Un joint d’étanchéité 134 peut être prévu entre le rebord périphérique de l’embout de raccordement et la paroi du boîtier. La membrane 12 peut quant à elle être maintenue dans l’embout de raccordement, en appui contre l’épaulement périphérique, par un autre écrou de serrage 135. According to an embodiment shown in Figures 2b and 2c, the connection piece 13 comprises a main body 139 comprising a portion 131 adapted to be inserted into the through opening 22 of the housing 20, and an adjacent portion 132 of greater diameter, forming a peripheral shoulder adapted to bear against an edge of the through-opening 22. In this case, the connecting piece 13 can be fixed rigidly to the wall of the casing by bolting the peripheral shoulder to the wall of the housing or, in the case where the portion 131 inserted in the through opening extends projecting with respect to the wall of the housing, by tightening a nut 133 around the projecting portion. A seal 134 may be provided between the peripheral edge of the connection end piece and the wall of the box. The membrane 12 can itself be held in the connection end piece, resting against the peripheral shoulder, by another tightening nut 135.
[0046] Dans l’exemple représenté sur la figure 2b, l’épaulement périphérique de l’embout de raccordement 13 est situé à l’intérieur du boîtier 20, et la membrane 12 est donc également à l’intérieur du boîtier. En variante, la configuration inverse pourrait être adoptée et la membrane 12 serait alors à l’extérieur du boîtier. In the example shown in Figure 2b, the peripheral shoulder of the connecting piece 13 is located inside the housing 20, and the membrane 12 is therefore also inside the case. As a variant, the reverse configuration could be adopted and the membrane 12 would then be outside the casing.
[0047] En outre, afin de réduire encore la surface d’application de pression vers l’intérieur d’une membrane par rapport à la surface d’application de pression vers l’extérieur, chaque valve peut comprendre un support 14 de membrane situé du côté de la membrane situé à l’intérieur du boîtier. Le support de membrane 14 est de préférence en contact avec la face principale de la membrane orientée vers l’intérieur du boîtier. Le support de membrane 14 est conformé pour réduire la surface d’application de pression vers l’intérieur du boîtier en limitant la surface de la membrane libre de se déformer vers l’intérieur. In addition, in order to further reduce the inward pressure application surface of a membrane relative to the outward pressure application surface, each valve may include a membrane support 14 located on the side of the membrane located inside the casing. The membrane support 14 is preferably in contact with the main face of the membrane facing the inside of the housing. The membrane support 14 is shaped to reduce the surface of application of pressure towards the inside of the housing by limiting the surface of the membrane free to deform inwards.
[0048] Le support de membrane 14 peut être formé d’une ou plusieurs barres s’étendant parallèlement à la membrane et transversalement entre elles. Par exemple, le support de membrane peut être formé d’une croix ou une grille s’étendant dans un plan parallèle au plan de la membrane et en contact avec celle-ci. Le support de membrane permet donc de réduire la surface d’application de pression vers l’intérieur de la membrane et d’augmenter l’écart entre la pression intérieure PI et la pression extérieure PE d’éclatement de la membrane. The membrane support 14 can be formed of one or more bars extending parallel to the membrane and transversely between them. For example, the membrane support can be formed of a cross or a grid extending in a plane parallel to the plane of the membrane and in contact with the latter. The membrane support therefore makes it possible to reduce the pressure application surface towards the inside of the membrane and to increase the difference between the internal pressure PI and the external pressure PE at the bursting of the membrane.
[0049] Dans l’exemple de la figure 2b, un support de membrane est représenté, cet écrou étant une grille formée d’une seule pièce avec l’écrou maintenant la membrane dans l’embout de raccordement. In the example of Figure 2b, a membrane support is shown, this nut being a grid formed in one piece with the nut holding the membrane in the connection piece.
[0050] Dans un mode de réalisation, le support de membrane 14 peut être formé intégralement avec la paroi 21 du boîtier dans lequel l’ouverture traversante 22 est réalisée. C’est le cas dans l’exemple représenté sur la figure 3. En variante, le support de membrane 14 peut être une pièce distincte rapportée sur la paroi du boîtier ou sur l’un des composants de la valve 11 . Par exemple, dans le mode de réalisation représenté sur la figure 2b, le support est formé intégralement avec l’écrou de serrage 135 maintenant la membrane 12 solidaire du corps 139 de l’embout de raccordement à la conduite d’évacuation. In one embodiment, the membrane support 14 can be formed integrally with the wall 21 of the housing in which the through opening 22 is made. This is the case in the example shown in Figure 3. As a variant, the membrane support 14 can be a separate part attached to the wall of the housing or to one of the components of the valve 11 . For example, in the embodiment represented in FIG. 2b, the support is formed integrally with the tightening nut 135 holding the membrane 12 integral with the body 139 of the end piece for connection to the evacuation pipe.
[0051] Dans des modes de réalisation, un capteur (non représenté) peut être agencé sur la membrane, en étant adapté pour détecter un état fermé ou ouvert (éclaté) de la membrane. Le capteur peut être, par exemple mais non limitativement, de type jauge de contrainte, fil à rupture, etc. De plus, le capteur peut alors être connecté à un dispositif de gestion de la ou des batteries (ou BMS acronyme de l’anglais Battery Management System) contenues dans chaque boîtier, de manière à ce que le dispositif de gestion des batteries puisse disposer d’une information supplémentaire sur l’état de la membrane. In some embodiments, a sensor (not shown) can be arranged on the membrane, being adapted to detect a closed or open (burst) state of the membrane. The sensor can be, for example but not limitatively, of the strain gauge type, breaking wire, etc. In addition, the sensor can then be connected to a management device for the battery or batteries (or BMS, acronym for the English Battery Management System) contained in each box, so that the battery management device can have access to additional information on the state of the membrane.
[0052] En référence à la figure 1 et à la figure 4, le dispositif comprend en outre une valve de surpression 40 montée sur l’orifice d’évacuation commun à l’ensemble des boîtiers de batterie, ou, à défaut d’être montée directement sur l’orifice d’évacuation, elle est disposée sur une portion commune de l’ensemble des conduites d’évacuation. [0052] Referring to Figure 1 and Figure 4, the device further comprises a pressure relief valve 40 mounted on the common discharge port to all battery boxes, or, failing to be mounted directly on the evacuation orifice, it is arranged on a common portion of all the evacuation pipes.
[0053] La valve de surpression est adaptée pour obturer l’orifice d’évacuation tant que la pression à l’intérieur des conduites d’évacuation est inférieure à une pression de seuil Ps, et pour libérer cet orifice, par exemple par éclatement, lorsque la pression atteint ou dépasse la pression de seuil. [0053] The pressure relief valve is adapted to close the evacuation orifice as long as the pressure inside the evacuation pipes is lower than a threshold pressure Ps, and to release this orifice, for example by bursting, when the pressure reaches or exceeds the threshold pressure.
[0054] Avantageusement, la pression de seuil Ps est inférieure à la pression extérieure d’éclatement PEs des membranes des valves montées sur les boîtiers. De plus, la pression de seuil est avantageusement inférieure ou égale à la pression intérieure d’éclatement PIB de ces membranes, pour qu’en cas d’emballement thermique d’une batterie, la membrane correspondante du boitier éclate, et que par suite la valve de surpression libère également l’orifice d’évacuation. Par exemple, la pression de seuil PS peut être égale à la pression PIB. Advantageously, the threshold pressure Ps is lower than the external bursting pressure PEs of the membranes of the valves mounted on the casings. In addition, the threshold pressure is advantageously less than or equal to the internal burst pressure GDP of these membranes, so that in the event of thermal runaway of a battery, the corresponding membrane of the case bursts, and consequently the pressure relief valve also releases the exhaust port. For example, the threshold pressure PS can be equal to the pressure PIB.
[0055] Ainsi, on a représenté sur la figure 4 une cinématique permis par le dispositif d’échappement 1 présenté ci-dessus en cas d’emballement thermique d’une batterie. Lors d’une première étape S1 , une batterie fait l’objet d’un emballement thermique, provoquant la génération de gaz et l’augmentation de pression dans le boîtier de la batterie, jusqu’à atteindre la pression intérieure d’éclatement PIB de la membrane, par exemple deux bars. Thus, there is shown in Figure 4 a kinematics allowed by the exhaust device 1 presented above in the event of thermal runaway of a battery. During a first step S1, a battery undergoes thermal runaway, causing the generation of gas and the increase in pressure in the battery casing, until reaching the internal bursting pressure PIB of the membrane, for example two bars.
[0056] Lors d’une deuxième étape S2, la membrane du boîtier éclate, ce qui entraine une propagation des gaz dans l’ensemble des conduites d’évacuation du dispositif d’échappement et l’augmentation de la pression dans ces conduites. [0057] Lors d’une troisième étape S3, la pression dans les conduites d’évacuation atteint la pression de seuil PS à laquelle la valve de surpression 40 libère l’orifice d’évacuation 30. Cette pression de seuil est inférieure à la pression extérieure PEB à laquelle cèdent les membranes des autres boîtiers 20. Par conséquent, l’orifice d’évacuation 30est libéré pour permettre l’évacuation des gaz sans contamination de l’emballement thermique aux autres batteries. [0056] During a second step S2, the membrane of the housing bursts, which leads to the propagation of gases in all of the evacuation pipes of the exhaust device and the increase in pressure in these pipes. During a third step S3, the pressure in the evacuation pipes reaches the threshold pressure PS at which the pressure relief valve 40 releases the evacuation orifice 30. This threshold pressure is lower than the pressure external PEB to which the membranes of the other housings 20 give way. Consequently, the evacuation orifice 30 is freed to allow the evacuation of the gases without contamination of the thermal runaway to the other batteries.
[0058] Lors d’une dernière étape S4, les gaz sont évacués à l’extérieur de l’aéronef et la pression dans les conduites d’évacuation diminue, sans avoir atteint la pression extérieure PEB d’éclatement des autres membranes, et donc le risque d’emballement thermique est supprimé. During a last step S4, the gases are evacuated outside the aircraft and the pressure in the evacuation pipes decreases, without having reached the PEB external pressure for the bursting of the other membranes, and therefore the risk of thermal runaway is eliminated.
[0059] Liste des références : [0059] List of references:
- 1 : dispositif d’échappement, - 1: exhaust system,
- 10 : conduite d’évacuation, - 10: evacuation pipe,
- 11 : valve, - 11: valve,
- 12 : membrane - 12: membrane
- 13 : embout de raccordement, - 13: connection end piece,
- 130 : platine de fixation, - 130: mounting plate,
- 131 : section insérable dans l’orifice du boîtier, - 131: section that can be inserted into the hole in the case,
- 132 : section formant épaulement, - 132: section forming a shoulder,
- 133 : écrou, - 133: nut,
- 134 : joint, - 134: gasket,
- 135 : écrou de serrage de la membrane, - 135: diaphragm tightening nut,
- 139 : corps principal de l’embout, - 139: main body of the end piece,
- 14 : support de membrane, - 14: membrane support,
- 2 : batterie, - 2: battery,
- 20 : boîtier de batterie, - 20: battery box,
- 21 : paroi de boîtier, - 21: housing wall,
- 22 : ouverture dans la paroi 21 , - 22: opening in the wall 21,
- 3 : aéronef, - 3: aircraft,
- 30 : orifice d’échappement, - 30: exhaust port,
- 40 : valve de surpression, - S^E : surface d’une membrane d’application de pression vers l’extérieur du boîtier,- 40: pressure relief valve, - S^ E : surface of a pressure application membrane towards the outside of the case,
- S^! : surface d’une membrane d’application de pression vers l’intérieur du boîtier. - S^! : surface of a pressure application membrane towards the inside of the casing.

Claims

Revendications Claims
[Revendication 1] Ensemble pour l’alimentation électrique d’un aéronef comprenant au moins un boîtier (20) logeant une batterie respective (2), chaque boîtier (20) étant apte à être embarqué dans un aéronef et comprenant une paroi dans laquelle est agencée une ouverture traversante, l’ensemble comprenant en outre un dispositif d’échappement comprenant : [Claim 1] Assembly for the power supply of an aircraft comprising at least one casing (20) housing a respective battery (2), each casing (20) being able to be embarked in an aircraft and comprising a wall in which is arranged with a through opening, the assembly further comprising an exhaust device comprising:
- une conduite d’évacuation (10) adaptée pour relier l’ouverture de chaque boîtier à un orifice d’évacuation commun (30) débouchant à l’extérieur de l’aéronef, - an evacuation pipe (10) adapted to connect the opening of each box to a common evacuation orifice (30) opening outside the aircraft,
- une valve (11 ) montée sur l’ouverture (22) de chaque boîtier (20), dans lequel chaque valve comprend une membrane (12) montée sur la paroi (21 ) de chaque boîtier dans laquelle est agencée l’ouverture traversante (22), de manière à fermer ladite ouverture de façon étanche, chaque membrane présentant une surface d’application de pression vers l’intérieur du boîtier (S^) et une surface d’application de pression vers l’extérieur du boîtier (S_>£), et dans lequel la surface d’application de pression vers l’extérieur (S^E) du boîtier est supérieure à la surface d’application de pression vers l’intérieur (S^) du boîtier, de sorte que la membrane éclate pour une valeur de pression d’éclatement atteinte à l’intérieur (PIB) du boitier inférieure à une valeur de pression d’éclatement atteinte à l’extérieur (PEB) du boitier. - a valve (11) mounted on the opening (22) of each housing (20), in which each valve comprises a membrane (12) mounted on the wall (21) of each housing in which the through opening ( 22), so as to close said opening in a sealed manner, each membrane having a pressure application surface towards the inside of the casing (S^) and a pressure application surface towards the exterior of the casing (S_> £ ), and wherein the outward pressure application area (S^ E ) of the housing is greater than the inward pressure application area (S^) of the housing, so that the membrane bursts for a burst pressure value reached inside (PIB) of the case lower than a burst pressure value reached outside (PEB) of the case.
[Revendication 2] Ensemble selon la revendication 1 , dans lequel la surface d’application de pression vers l’intérieur (S^J de chaque membrane est inférieure ou égale au tiers de la surface d’application de pression vers l’extérieur (S^E) du boîtier. [Claim 2] Assembly according to claim 1, in which the inward pressure application surface (S^J) of each membrane is less than or equal to one third of the outward pressure application surface (S ^ E ) of the case.
[Revendication 3] Ensemble selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel chaque membrane (12) est située à l’extérieur du boîtier (20) et la surface d’application de pression vers l’extérieur (S^E) de la membrane (12) est égale à la section interne de la conduite d’évacuation (10). [Claim 3] An assembly according to claim 1 or 2, wherein each membrane (12) is located outside the housing (20) and the outward pressure application surface (S^ E ) of the membrane (12) is equal to the internal section of the evacuation pipe (10).
[Revendication 4] Ensemble selon l’une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le dispositif d’échappement comprend en outre un support (14) de membrane en contact avec une face principale de la membrane orientée vers l’intérieur du boîtier (20), et conformé pour réduire la surface d’application de pression vers l’intérieur (S^) du boîtier. [Claim 4] Assembly according to one of the preceding claims, in which the exhaust device further comprises a support (14) for the membrane in contact with a main face of the membrane facing the inside of the housing (20), and shaped to reduce the inward pressure application area (S^) of the housing.
[Revendication 5] Ensemble selon la revendication précédente, dans lequel chaque support de membrane comprend un ensemble de barres s’étendant parallèlement à la membrane et transversalement entre elles. [Claim 5] Assembly according to the preceding claim, in which each membrane support comprises a set of bars extending parallel to the membrane and transversely between them.
[Revendication 6] Ensemble selon l’une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel chaque valve (11 ) comprend un embout de raccordement (13) à la conduite d’évacuation (10), l’embout étant rapporté sur la paroi (21 ) du boitier (20) dans laquelle est agencée l’ouverture traversante (22), et la membrane (11 ) étant intercalée entre l’embout (13) et la paroi (21 ). [Claim 6] Assembly according to one of the preceding claims, in which each valve (11) comprises a connection endpiece (13) to the discharge pipe (10), the endpiece being attached to the wall (21) of the housing (20) in which is arranged the through opening (22), and the membrane (11) being inserted between the endpiece (13) and the wall (21).
[Revendication 7] Ensemble selon l’une des revendications 1 à 5, dans lequel chaque valve (11 ) comprend un embout de raccordement (13) à la conduite d’évacuation (10), l’embout comprenant une première portion (131 ) adaptée pour pénétrer dans l’ouverture traversante (22) et une deuxième portion (132) formant un épaulement périphérique adapté pour venir en appui contre un rebord de l’ouverture traversante (22), la membrane (11 ) étant logée à l’intérieur de l’embout en appui contre l’épaulement périphérique. [Claim 7] Assembly according to one of claims 1 to 5, in which each valve (11) comprises a connecting piece (13) to the evacuation pipe (10), the piece comprising a first portion (131) adapted to penetrate into the through opening (22) and a second portion (132) forming a peripheral shoulder adapted to bear against an edge of the through opening (22), the membrane (11) being housed inside of the tip resting against the peripheral shoulder.
[Revendication 8] Ensemble selon l’une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel chaque membrane (12) est formée en silicone. [Claim 8] Assembly according to one of the preceding claims, in which each membrane (12) is formed of silicone.
[Revendication 9] Ensemble selon l’une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le dispositif d’échappement comprend en outre un capteur agencé sur chaque membrane (12) et adapté pour détecter un état ouvert ou fermé de chaque membrane. [Claim 9] Assembly according to one of the preceding claims, in which the exhaust device further comprises a sensor arranged on each membrane (12) and adapted to detect an open or closed state of each membrane.
[Revendication 10] Ensemble selon l’une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le dispositif d’échappement comprend en outre une valve de surpression (40) adaptée pour être montée sur l’orifice d’évacuation commun (30), pour obturer cet orifice tant que la pression dans la conduite d’évacuation est inférieure 16 à une valeur de pression de seuil (PS) inférieure à la pression d’éclatement extérieur des membranes (PEB), et pour autoriser la communication de fluide vers l’extérieur de l’aéronef lorsque la pression dans la conduite d’évacuation atteint ladite pression de seuil (PS). [Claim 10] Assembly according to one of the preceding claims, in which the exhaust device further comprises a pressure relief valve (40) adapted to be mounted on the common evacuation orifice (30), to close this orifice as long as the pressure in the discharge line is lower 16 to a threshold pressure value (PS) lower than the outer burst pressure of the membranes (PEB), and to authorize the communication of fluid towards the exterior of the aircraft when the pressure in the exhaust pipe reaches said threshold pressure (PS).
[Revendication 11] Ensemble selon l’une des revendications précédentes, comprenant une pluralité boîtiers comprenant chacun une batterie respective. [Claim 11] Assembly according to one of the preceding claims, comprising a plurality of housings each comprising a respective battery.
[Revendication 12] Aéronef comprenant un ensemble d’alimentation électrique selon l’une des revendications précédentes et un orifice d’évacuation commun (30), chaque batterie de l’ensemble d’alimentation électrique étant reliée à l’orifice d’évacuation commun par la conduite d’évacuation du dispositif d’échappement. [Claim 12] Aircraft comprising a power supply assembly according to one of the preceding claims and a common exhaust port (30), each battery of the power supply assembly being connected to the common exhaust port through the exhaust system exhaust pipe.
[Revendication 13] Procédé mis en oeuvre par un ensemble selon la revendication 10, comprenant, en cas d’augmentation de la pression dans un boîtier de batterie, [Claim 13] A method implemented by an assembly according to claim 10, comprising, in the event of a pressure increase in a battery case,
- l’éclatement de la membrane dudit boîtier de batterie lorsque la pression dans celui-ci atteint la valeur de pression d’éclatement à l’intérieur du boitier (PIB), et l’échappement de gaz contenu dans le boîtier de batterie dans la conduite d’évacuation, et - bursting of the membrane of said battery box when the pressure therein reaches the bursting pressure value inside the box (PIB), and the escape of gas contained in the battery box in the drain line, and
- la libération de l’orifice d’évacuation commun (30) par la valve de surpression (40) lorsque la pression dans la conduite d’évacuation atteint la valeur de pression de seuil (PS) inférieure à la pression d’éclatement (PEB) à l’extérieur des autres boîtiers, pour permettre l’évacuation de gaz à l’extérieur de l’aéronef. - the release of the common evacuation orifice (30) by the pressure relief valve (40) when the pressure in the evacuation line reaches the threshold pressure value (PS) lower than the bursting pressure (PEB ) outside the other boxes, to allow the evacuation of gases outside the aircraft.
EP21755808.9A 2020-08-05 2021-07-27 Anti-propagation exhaust device for aircraft lithium-ion batteries Pending EP4014277A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR2008293 2020-08-05
PCT/FR2021/051398 WO2022029380A1 (en) 2020-08-05 2021-07-27 Anti-propagation exhaust device for aircraft lithium-ion batteries

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EP (1) EP4014277A1 (en)
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JP4434237B2 (en) * 2007-06-20 2010-03-17 トヨタ自動車株式会社 Power storage device for vehicle and vehicle
WO2009082862A1 (en) * 2008-01-03 2009-07-09 Huizhou City Desay Lithium Battery S & T Co. Ltd High energy battery and the manufacture method thereof
CN104106154B (en) * 2011-11-16 2018-01-02 江森自控先进能源动力***有限责任公司 Pressure relief element, pressure relief equipment and battery
US9209497B2 (en) * 2012-12-17 2015-12-08 Infineon Technologies Ag Sensor module and battery elements
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DE202016001797U1 (en) 2016-03-21 2016-04-14 Airbus Operations Gmbh Transport device for lithium batteries in an aircraft
DE102017128251A1 (en) 2017-11-29 2019-05-29 Airbus Operations Gmbh Exhaust pipe for a battery in an aircraft

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CA3154857C (en) 2022-07-19
WO2022029380A1 (en) 2022-02-10

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