EP4004011A1 - Method for producing ortho-metallated metal compounds - Google Patents
Method for producing ortho-metallated metal compoundsInfo
- Publication number
- EP4004011A1 EP4004011A1 EP20740044.1A EP20740044A EP4004011A1 EP 4004011 A1 EP4004011 A1 EP 4004011A1 EP 20740044 A EP20740044 A EP 20740044A EP 4004011 A1 EP4004011 A1 EP 4004011A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- formula
- group
- iridium
- atoms
- radicals
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 13
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 title abstract description 3
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims description 197
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 107
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 106
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 98
- -1 aromatic radicals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 96
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 82
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 80
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 56
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 47
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 45
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 41
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 38
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 37
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 37
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 36
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 31
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 27
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 23
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000006165 cyclic alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052805 deuterium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
- TXCDCPKCNAJMEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzofuran Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 TXCDCPKCNAJMEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 15
- UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- IYYZUPMFVPLQIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzothiophene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 IYYZUPMFVPLQIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 11
- IUGYQRQAERSCNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pivalic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C(O)=O IUGYQRQAERSCNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000005711 Benzoic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000010233 benzoic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 229960004365 benzoic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000002504 iridium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 6
- FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N papa-hydroxy-benzoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229960004889 salicylic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- WLJVXDMOQOGPHL-PPJXEINESA-N 2-phenylacetic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 WLJVXDMOQOGPHL-PPJXEINESA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 4
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010657 cyclometalation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004475 heteroaralkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- XHXFXVLFKHQFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoryl trichloride Chemical compound ClP(Cl)(Cl)=O XHXFXVLFKHQFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N thionyl chloride Chemical compound ClS(Cl)=O FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001718 carbodiimides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001244 carboxylic acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- YWEUIGNSBFLMFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphosphonate Chemical compound O=P(=O)OP(=O)=O YWEUIGNSBFLMFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- SIOXPEMLGUPBBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N picolinic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=N1 SIOXPEMLGUPBBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BYSUYBCCLCSGPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-pyrazol-5-yloxyboronic acid Chemical class OB(O)OC1=CC=NN1 BYSUYBCCLCSGPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960000250 adipic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus pentoxide Inorganic materials O1P(O2)(=O)OP3(=O)OP1(=O)OP2(=O)O3 DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005595 acetylacetonate group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 239000008204 material by function Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 32
- WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic anhydride Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)=O WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 20
- SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium acetate Chemical compound [K+].CC([O-])=O SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 20
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 229960000583 acetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 15
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 150000002503 iridium Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 11
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- WLJVXDMOQOGPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 WLJVXDMOQOGPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 235000011056 potassium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- FZWLAAWBMGSTSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiazole Chemical compound C1=CSC=N1 FZWLAAWBMGSTSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 8
- AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoquinoline Chemical compound C1=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 8
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 125000002950 monocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 125000003367 polycyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 7
- PGZVFRAEAAXREB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dimethylpropanoyl 2,2-dimethylpropanoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C(=O)OC(=O)C(C)(C)C PGZVFRAEAAXREB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 6
- KZLHPYLCKHJIMM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iridium(3+);triacetate Chemical compound [Ir+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O KZLHPYLCKHJIMM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 6
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 6
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenanthrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- RDOWQLZANAYVLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenanthridine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=NC2=C1 RDOWQLZANAYVLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WFMNHCSATCWAAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;2,2-dimethylpropanoate Chemical compound [K+].CC(C)(C)C([O-])=O WFMNHCSATCWAAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- MJRFDVWKTFJAPF-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichloroiridium;hydrate Chemical compound O.Cl[Ir](Cl)Cl MJRFDVWKTFJAPF-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 6
- QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-REOHCLBHSA-N L-alanine Chemical compound C[C@H](N)C(O)=O QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229960003767 alanine Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 230000001815 facial effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- RMBPEFMHABBEKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=C[CH]C=CC3=CC2=C1 RMBPEFMHABBEKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-biphenylenemethane Natural products C1=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007363 ring formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- PYOKUURKVVELLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl orthoformate Chemical compound COC(OC)OC PYOKUURKVVELLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- NOGFHTGYPKWWRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,6,6-tetramethyloxan-4-one Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(=O)CC(C)(C)O1 NOGFHTGYPKWWRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VQGHOUODWALEFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylpyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 VQGHOUODWALEFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IUHXLVWWEGCBCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCC(C=CC=C)[Ir] Chemical compound CCCC(C=CC=C)[Ir] IUHXLVWWEGCBCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Indole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=CC2=C1 SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazine Chemical compound C1=CN=CC=N1 KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anisole Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1 RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- AUHZEENZYGFFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N mesitylene Substances CC1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1 AUHZEENZYGFFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000001827 mesitylenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C(C(*)=C(C([H])=C1C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 229960003424 phenylacetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000003279 phenylacetic acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004300 potassium benzoate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000010235 potassium benzoate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229940103091 potassium benzoate Drugs 0.000 description 4
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- NDQXKKFRNOPRDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-triethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC(C)(OCC)OCC NDQXKKFRNOPRDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IANQTJSKSUMEQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzofuran Chemical group C1=CC=C2OC=CC2=C1 IANQTJSKSUMEQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-benzimidazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=NC2=C1 HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenazine Natural products C1=CC=CC2=NC3=CC=CC=C3N=C21 PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000004279 alanine Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000000732 arylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoranthrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=C22)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012362 glacial acetic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000005549 heteroarylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- XIXADJRWDQXREU-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium acetate Chemical compound [Li+].CC([O-])=O XIXADJRWDQXREU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 3
- 159000000001 potassium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000003378 silver Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000010626 work up procedure Methods 0.000 description 3
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N (S)-malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ICPSWZFVWAPUKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1'-spirobi[fluorene] Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C4(C=5C(C6=CC=CC=C6C=5)=CC=C4)C=CC=C3C2=C1 ICPSWZFVWAPUKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Diphenylbenzene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FCEHBMOGCRZNNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzothiophene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC=CC2=C1 FCEHBMOGCRZNNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WJFKNYWRSNBZNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10H-phenothiazine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 WJFKNYWRSNBZNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TZMSYXZUNZXBOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10H-phenoxazine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 TZMSYXZUNZXBOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDCGOANMDULRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7H-purine Chemical compound N1=CNC2=NC=NC2=C1 KDCGOANMDULRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bipyridyl Chemical compound N1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-alpha-Ala Natural products CC([NH3+])C([O-])=O QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N Deuterium Chemical compound [2H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QOSSAOTZNIDXMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dicylcohexylcarbodiimide Chemical group C1CCCCC1N=C=NC1CCCCC1 QOSSAOTZNIDXMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-WFGJKAKNSA-N Dimethyl sulfoxide Chemical compound [2H]C([2H])([2H])S(=O)C([2H])([2H])[2H] IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-WFGJKAKNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Furan Chemical compound C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycolic acid Chemical compound OCC(O)=O AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000012964 benzotriazole Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002619 bicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002529 biphenylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004369 butenyl group Chemical group C(=CCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000480 butynyl group Chemical group [*]C#CC([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001995 cyclobutyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001162 cycloheptenyl group Chemical group C1(=CCCCCC1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000582 cycloheptyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000596 cyclohexenyl group Chemical group C1(=CCCCC1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000522 cyclooctenyl group Chemical group C1(=CCCCCCC1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000640 cyclooctyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002433 cyclopentenyl group Chemical group C1(=CCCC1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001559 cyclopropyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002274 desiccant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001987 diarylethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XXPBFNVKTVJZKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydrophenanthrene Natural products C1=CC=C2CCC3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 XXPBFNVKTVJZKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IJKVHSBPTUYDLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydroxy(oxo)silane Chemical compound O[Si](O)=O IJKVHSBPTUYDLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 description 1
- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- JKFAIQOWCVVSKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N furazan Chemical compound C=1C=NON=1 JKFAIQOWCVVSKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002390 heteroarenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000006038 hexenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005980 hexynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003454 indenyl group Chemical group C1(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- PZOUSPYUWWUPPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N indole Natural products CC1=CC=CC2=C1C=CN2 PZOUSPYUWWUPPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N indolenine Natural products C1=CC=C2CC=NC2=C1 RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HOBCFUWDNJPFHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N indolizine Chemical compound C1=CC=CN2C=CC=C21 HOBCFUWDNJPFHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960005544 indolocarbazole Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000001041 indolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012442 inert solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- LNJXVUXPFZKMNF-UHFFFAOYSA-K iridium(3+);trichloride;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.Cl[Ir](Cl)Cl LNJXVUXPFZKMNF-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- YOLNUNVVUJULQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-J iridium;tetrachloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ir] YOLNUNVVUJULQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- ZLTPDFXIESTBQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N isothiazole Chemical compound C=1C=NSC=1 ZLTPDFXIESTBQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTAPFRYPJLPFDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoxazole Chemical compound C=1C=NOC=1 CTAPFRYPJLPFDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002762 monocarboxylic acid derivatives Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003136 n-heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001971 neopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004365 octenyl group Chemical group C(=CCCCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005069 octynyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C#C* 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000007122 ortho-metalation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxadiazole Chemical compound C1=CON=N1 WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SLIUAWYAILUBJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentacene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC4=CC5=CC=CC=C5C=C4C=C3C=C21 SLIUAWYAILUBJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006340 pentafluoro ethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002255 pentenyl group Chemical group C(=CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005981 pentynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002080 perylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=C2C=CC=C3C4=CC=CC5=CC=CC(C1=C23)=C45)* 0.000 description 1
- CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N peryrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=3C2=C2C=CC=3)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000843 phenylene group Chemical group C1(=C(C=CC=C1)*)* 0.000 description 1
- 229940081066 picolinic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- FRMWBRPWYBNAFB-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium salicylate Chemical compound [K+].OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O FRMWBRPWYBNAFB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229960003629 potassium salicylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004368 propenyl group Chemical group C(=CC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002568 propynyl group Chemical group [*]C#CC([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- CPNGPNLZQNNVQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N pteridine Chemical compound N1=CN=CC2=NC=CN=C21 CPNGPNLZQNNVQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridazine Chemical compound C1=CC=NN=C1 PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GDISDVBCNPLSDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrido[2,3-g]quinoline Chemical compound C1=CC=NC2=CC3=CC=CN=C3C=C21 GDISDVBCNPLSDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JWVCLYRUEFBMGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinazoline Chemical compound N1=CN=CC2=CC=CC=C21 JWVCLYRUEFBMGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MCJGNVYPOGVAJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinolin-8-ol Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 MCJGNVYPOGVAJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000006413 ring segment Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-sulfonic acid Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1 GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003003 spiro group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N stilbene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021286 stilbenes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000001973 tert-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- IFLREYGFSNHWGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3C=C21 IFLREYGFSNHWGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003536 tetrazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005309 thioalkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005259 triarylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- DANYXEHCMQHDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichloroiridium Chemical class Cl[Ir](Cl)Cl DANYXEHCMQHDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- ZRPRRAOCEABMND-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichloroiridium;hydrate;hydrochloride Chemical compound O.Cl.Cl[Ir](Cl)Cl ZRPRRAOCEABMND-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F15/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table
- C07F15/0006—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table compounds of the platinum group
- C07F15/0033—Iridium compounds
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for the production of cyclometalized iridium compounds from simple iridium educts.
- Organometallic iridium compounds are used as functional materials in a number of different applications which, in the broadest sense, can be assigned to the electronics industry, in particular as phosphorescent emitters in organic electroluminescent devices. For this, there must be efficient synthetic access to the corresponding highly pure iridium compounds. Taking into account the rarity of Ir, this is of crucial importance for the resource-saving use of this connection class.
- the object on which the present invention is based is therefore to provide a broadly applicable process by which cyclometalated iridium complexes, in particular polypodal cyclometalized iridium complexes, and corresponding polynuclear complexes can be easily and in high yield from easily accessible iridium educts such as iridium (III) - Halide hydrate or iridium (III) acetate can be synthesized under mild conditions and in good yield.
- the object is to provide a widely applicable process for the synthesis of polypodal cyclometalated complexes and corresponding polynuclear complexes, the addition of silver salts being avoided. Furthermore, no pyrophoric by-products should be formed in the process.
- a further object of the present invention is to provide a process which, in addition to iridium halide, can also start from halogen-free, in particular chlorine-free, starting materials, since the reaction in stainless steel reactors is then also possible, whereas when chlorine-containing starting materials are used, the reaction is inert Reactors, for example made of glass or enamel, should be carried out. It was surprisingly found that the synthesis of cyclometalated iridium complexes starting from various iridium (III) or
- Iridium (I) educts such as, for example, iridium halide, iridium acetate or other iridium educts, can be carried out in an anhydrous organic carboxylic acid in high yields and purities.
- the reaction takes place under comparatively mild conditions; H. at temperatures ⁇ 190 ° C and low pressure.
- the present invention therefore relates to a process for preparing a cyclometalated iridium complex by reacting an iridium compound with one or more ligands which coordinate to the iridium with cyclometalation, characterized in that the process is carried out in an anhydrous medium in the presence of a carboxylic acid.
- a cyclometalated iridium complex in the context of the present invention is an iridium complex which has at least one bidentate cyclometalized ligand or partial ligand.
- the iridium complex can be single-core or multi-core, for example two-core or three-core. It is preferably a tris-cyclometalated iridium complex which has three bidentate, cyclometalated ligands or partial ligands.
- cyclometalated iridium complex in the context of the present invention also includes iridium complexes in which the three bidentate ligands, at least one of which is cyclometalated, are covalently linked via a bridge, so that either a tripodal, hexadentate ligand is formed .
- a cyclometalated ligand is a ligand which forms a metallacycle with the metal to which it coordinates, with at least one metal-carbon bond being present between the ligand and the metal.
- both homoleptic and heteroleptic metal complexes can be synthesized.
- a homoleptic complex is understood to mean a compound in which only identical ligands are bound to a metal.
- Heteroleptic complexes are those in which different ligands are bound to the metal. This relates both to ligands with a different basic ligand structure and to ligands which have the same basic structure but which are substituted differently.
- the cyclometalated iridium complex is a homoleptic complex if the three bidentate ligands are not covalently linked via a bridge to form a hexadentate, tripodal ligand. If the three bidentate ligands are covalently linked via a bridge to form a hexadentate, tripodal ligand, preference is also given to complexes in which the individual bidentate partial ligands of the tripodal ligand differ from one another.
- the cyclometalated iridium complex is the facial isomer of the complex.
- Facial or meridional coordination in the sense of this application describes the octahedral environment of the iridium with the six donor atoms. Facial coordination occurs when three identical donor atoms occupy one triangular surface in the (pseudo) octahedral coordination polyhedron and three identical but different donor atoms occupy another triangular surface in the (pseudo) octahedral coordination polyhedron.
- the iridium complex obtainable by the process according to the invention preferably has a structure of the following formula (1), (2) or (3),
- L is on each occurrence, identically or differently, a bidentate cyclo metalated ligand in formula (2) or a bidentate cyclometalated partial ligand in formulas (1) and (3);
- L is a bis (bidentate) cyclometalated partial ligand that is attached to both
- V is, identically or differently, a bridging unit which in formula (1) links the partial ligands L and L 'to one another to form a tripodal, hexadentate ligand and in formula (3) the partial ligands L' and L “to one another to form a total of c dodecadentate ligands linked.
- the ligand used in the process according to the invention corresponds to the compound of the formula (4) for complexes of the formula (1),
- the ligands used in the process according to the invention correspond to complexes of the formula (2) L and L ', the ligand L having a carbon-hydrogen bond instead of the carbon-iridium bond and the ligand L' instead of a bond to the iridium has a hydrogen atom.
- the ligand used in the process according to the invention corresponds to the compound of the formula (5) for complexes of the formula (3),
- the bidentate ligand or partial ligand L ' can be cyclometalated or non-cyclometalated, and L and L' can also be used in formula (1) and (2) be the same if L 'is a cyclometalated ligand.
- the ligand of the formula (4) in complexes of the formula (1) is a hexadentate, tripodal ligand with three bidentate partial ligands L or L ‘, which can be identical or different.
- Bidentate means that the respective partial ligand in the complex coordinates or binds to the iridium via two coordination points.
- Tripodal means that the ligand has three partial ligands which are bound to the bridge V. Since the ligand has three bidentate partial ligands, the overall result is a hexadentate ligand, i.e. a ligand that coordinates or binds to the iridium via six coordination points.
- the ligand of the formula (5) in complexes of the formula (3) is a dodecadentate to (tripodal) ligand which coordinates to two iridium atoms.
- the ligand contains two bidentate partial ligands L in each of the two halves, each of which coordinates to one of the two iridium atoms, and contains one bis (bidentate) partial ligand L “, which coordinates to both iridium atoms.
- the ligands L ' are bidentate cyclometalated ligands or partial ligands.
- the metal complexes obtainable by the process according to the invention therefore preferably have the structures of the following formulas (1 a), (2a) and (3a), where the symbols used have the meanings given above.
- the bidentate cyclometalated ligands or partial ligands L are described below. If L ‘stands for a bidentate cyclometalated ligand or partial ligand, the following preference also applies to L‘.
- the ligands or partial ligands L coordinate to the iridium via a carbon atom and a nitrogen atom or via two carbon atoms. If L coordinates to the iridium through two carbon atoms, one of the two carbon atoms is a carbene carbon atom.
- the metallacycle which is made up of the iridium and the ligands or partial ligands L or L ‘, is a five-membered ring. This is shown schematically below:
- N represents a coordinating nitrogen atom
- C represents a coordinating carbon atom
- the carbon atoms shown represent atoms of the ligand or partial ligand L or L '.
- the ligands or partial ligands L and optionally L ' identically or differently on each occurrence, represent a structure according to the following formulas (L-1) or (L-2),
- CyC is, identically or differently on each occurrence, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl or heteroaryl group with 5 to 14 aromatic ring atoms, which in each case coordinates to the metal via a carbon atom and which is linked to CyD via a covalent bond;
- CyD is, identically or differently on each occurrence, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group with 5 to 14 aromatic ring atoms, which coordinates to the metal via a nitrogen atom or a carbene carbon atom and which is linked to CyC via a covalent bond; several of the optional substituents can form a ring system with one another; the optional radicals are preferably selected from the radicals R defined below. CyD coordinates via a neutral nitrogen atom or via a carbene carbon atom, and CyC coordinates via an anionic carbon atom.
- radicals R or R 1 form a ring system with one another, this can be mono- or polycyclic, aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aromatic or heteroaromatic. These radicals, which form a ring system with one another, can be adjacent, ie these radicals are bonded to the same carbon atom or to carbon atoms which are directly bonded to one another, or they can be further removed from one another. Furthermore, it is also possible for the substituents on CyC and CyD to form a ring with one another, whereby CyC and CyD can also together form a single condensed aryl or fleteroaryl group as bidentate ligands.
- the abovementioned formulation is also to be understood as meaning that, in the event that the two radicals represent alkenyl groups, the radicals form a ring with one another to form a fused aryl group.
- the formation of a fused-on benzofuran group and, in the case of an aryl-amino substituent, the formation of a fused-on indole group is possible.
- alkyl group is used as a generic term both for linear or branched alkyl groups and for cyclic alkyl groups.
- alkenyl group or alkynyl group are used analogously as generic terms both for linear or branched alkenyl or alkynyl groups and for cyclic alkynyl groups.
- a cyclic alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkoxy group in the context of this invention is understood to mean a monocyclic, a bicyclic or a polycyclic group.
- a C1 to C20 alkyl group in which individual F1 atoms or CFh groups can also be substituted by the groups mentioned above, for example the radicals methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, Cyclopropyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, cyclobutyl, 2-methylbutyl, n-pentyl, s-pentyl, t-pentyl, 2-pentyl, neo-pentyl, cyclopentyl, n-flexyl, s-flexyl, t-hexyl, 2-flexyl, 3-hexyl, neo-flexyl, cyclohexyl, 1 -methylcyclopentyl, 2-methylpentyl, n-heptyl, 2-heptyl, 3-heptyl, 4-hept
- alkenyl group is understood to mean, for example, ethenyl, propenyl, butenyl, pentenyl, cyclopentenyl, hexenyl, cyclohexenyl, heptenyl, cycloheptenyl, octenyl, cyclooctenyl or cyclooctadienyl.
- An alkynyl group is understood to mean, for example, ethynyl, propynyl, butynyl, pentynyl, hexynyl, heptynyl or octynyl.
- a group OR 1 is understood to mean, for example, methoxy, trifluoromethoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, i-propoxy, n-butoxy, i-butoxy, s-butoxy, t-butoxy or 2-methylbutoxy.
- an aryl group contains 6 to 30 carbon atoms;
- a heteroaryl group contains 2 to 30 carbon atoms and at least one heteroatom, with the proviso that the sum of carbon atoms and heteroatoms is at least 5.
- the heteroatoms are preferably selected from N, O and / or S.
- an aryl group or heteroaryl group either a simple aromatic cycle, i.e.
- benzene or a simple heteroaromatic cycle, for example pyridine, pyrimidine, thiophene, etc., or a fused (fused) aryl or heteroaryl group, for example naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, quinoline, isoquinoline, etc., understood.
- aromatics linked to one another by a single bond, such as biphenyl are not referred to as an aryl or heteroaryl group, but as an aromatic ring system.
- An aromatic ring system for the purposes of this invention contains 6 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably 6 to 30 carbon atoms, in the ring system.
- a heteroaromatic ring system for the purposes of this invention contains 2 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 30 carbon atoms and at least one heteroatom in the ring system, with the proviso that the sum of carbon atoms and hetero atoms is at least 5.
- the heteroatoms are preferably selected from N, O and / or S.
- An aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system in the context of this invention is to be understood as meaning a system that does not necessarily contain only aryl or heteroaryl groups, but also contains several aryl or heteroaryl groups a non-aromatic moiety such as B.
- a C, N or O atom can be connected.
- systems are to be understood here in which two or more aryl or heteroaryl groups are linked directly to one another, such as. B. biphenyl, terphenyl, bipyridine or phenylpyridine.
- systems such as fluorene, 9,9'-spirobifluorene, 9,9-diarylfluorene, triarylamine, diaryl ether, stilbene, etc. are to be understood as aromatic ring systems in the context of this invention, and likewise systems in which two or more aryl groups, for example linked by a short alkyl group.
- Preferred aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems are simple aryl or heteroaryl groups and groups in which two or more aryl or heteroaryl groups are linked directly to one another, for example biphenyl or bipyridine, and fluorene or spirobifluorene.
- An aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 5-40 aromatic ring atoms which can be substituted by the above-mentioned radicals R 2 or a hydrocarbon radical and which can be linked via any positions on the aromatic or heteroaromatic, is understood in particular to mean groups that are ab derived from benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, benzanthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene, chrysene, perylene, fluoranthene, naphthacene, pentacene, benzopyrene, biphenyl, biphenylene, terphenyl, triphenylene, fluorene, spirobifluorene, dihydrophenanthrene, dihydropyrene, tetrahydropyrene or trans-indenofluoren, cis- or trans-indenocarbazole, cis- or trans -indolocarbazole, truxes, isotrux
- 1, 2,4-triazole benzotriazole, 1, 2,3-oxadiazole, 1, 2,4-oxadiazole, 1, 2,5-oxadiazole, 1, 3,4-oxadiazole, 1, 2,3 -Thiadiazole, 1, 2,4-thiadiazole, 1, 2,5-thiadiazole, 1, 3,4-thiadiazole, 1, 3,5-triazine, 1, 2,4-triazine, 1, 2 , 3-triazine, tetrazole,
- Indolizine and benzothiadiazole or groups derived from combinations of these systems are Indolizine and benzothiadiazole or groups derived from combinations of these systems.
- CyC is an aryl or heteroaryl group with 6 to 13 aromatic ring atoms, particularly preferably with 6 to 10 aromatic ring atoms, very particularly preferably with 6 aromatic ring atoms, which coordinates to the metal via a carbon atom, which can be substituted with one or more radicals R and which is linked to CyD via a covalent bond.
- CyC group are the structures of the following formulas (CyC-1) to (CyC-20), where the CyC group binds to CyD in the position indicated by # and coordinates to the iridium in the position indicated by *, where R is as defined above and furthermore applies:
- X is on each occurrence, identically or differently, CR or N with the proviso that a maximum of two symbols X per cycle stand for N; W is on each occurrence, identically or differently, NR, 0, S or BR; with the proviso that if the bridge V is bound to CyC in formula (1) or (3), a symbol X stands for C and the bridge V stands for this
- Carbon atom is bonded.
- the binding is preferably carried out via the position marked with an “o” in the formulas shown above, so that the symbol X marked with an “o” then preferably stands for C.
- the structures shown above that do not contain a symbol X marked with an “o” are preferably not bound directly to the bridge V, since such a binding to the bridge is not advantageous for steric reasons.
- a maximum of one symbol X in CyC stands for N, particularly preferably all symbols X stand for CR, with the proviso that when the bridge V in formula (1) is bonded to CyC, one symbol X stands for C and the bridge V stands for is bound to this carbon atom.
- CyC groups are the groups of the following formulas (CyC-1 a) to (CyC-20a),
- Preferred groups among the groups (CyC-1) to (CyC-19) are the groups (CyC-1), (CyC-3), (CyC-8), (CyC-10), (CyC-12), ( CyC-13) and (CyC-16), and particularly preferred are the groups (CyC-1 a), (CyC-3a), (CyC-8a), (CyC-10a), (CyC-12a), (CyC -13a) and (CyC-16a).
- CyD is a fleteroaryl group with 5 to 13 aromatic ring atoms, particularly preferably with 6 to 10 aromatic ring atoms, which are coordinated to the metal via a neutral nitrogen atom or a carbene carbon atom. dinated and which can be substituted by one or more radicals R and which is linked to CyC via a covalent bond.
- Preferred embodiments of the group CyD are the structures of the following formulas (CyD-1) to (CyD-12), where the group CyD in each case binds to CyC at the position indicated by # and coordinates to the iridium at the position indicated by *,
- the groups (CyD-1) to (CyD-4) and (CyD-7) to (CyD-12) coordinate via a neutral nitrogen atom and (CyD-5) and (CyD-6) via a carbene carbon atom to the Iridium.
- a maximum of one symbol X in CyD stands for N, particularly preferably all symbols X stand for CR, with the proviso that if the bridge V is bonded to CyD in formula (1) or (3), one symbol X stands for C stands and the bridge V is bound to this carbon atom.
- CyD groups are the groups of the following formulas (CyD-1 a) to (CyD-12b),
- Preferred groups among the groups (CyD-1) to (CyD-12) are the groups (CyD-1), (CyD-2), (CyD-3), (CyD-4), (CyD-5) and ( CyD-6), in particular (CyD-1), (CyD-2) and (CyD-3), and particularly preferred are the groups (CyD-1 a), (CyD-2a), (CyD-3a), ( CyD-4a), (CyD-5a) and (CyD-6a), in particular (CyD-1 a), (CyD-2a) and (CyD-3a).
- CyC is an aryl or heteroaryl group with 6 to 13 aromatic ring atoms, and at the same time CyD is a heteroaryl group with 5 to 13 aromatic ring atoms.
- CyC is particularly preferably an aryl or heteroaryl group with 6 to 10 aromatic ring atoms, and at the same time CyD is a heteroaryl group with 5 to 10 aromatic ring atoms.
- CyC is very particularly preferably an aryl or heteroaryl group with 6 aromatic ring atoms and CyD is a heteroaryl group with 6 to 10 aromatic ring atoms. CyC and CyD can each be substituted by one or more R radicals.
- Preferred part-ligands (L-1) are the structures of formulas (L-1 -1) and (L-1 -2), and preferred part-ligands (L-2) are the structures of formulas (L-2-1) to ( L-2-4),
- Particularly preferred partial ligands (L-1) are the structures of the formulas (L-1 -1 a) and (L-1 -2b), and particularly preferred partial ligands (L-2) are the structures of the formulas (L-2-1 a) to (L-2 -4a),
- Formula (11) Formula (13) where R 1 has the meanings given above and the dashed bonds indicate the bonds to CyC and CyD.
- the unsymmetrical of the above groups can be incorporated in each of the two possibilites.
- the oxygen atom can bond to the CyC group and the carbonyl group to the CyD group, or the oxygen atom can bond to the CyD group and the carbonyl group to the CyC group.
- the group of the formula (12) is particularly preferred if this results in the formation of a six-membered ring, as shown, for example, below by the formulas (L-21) and (L-22).
- Preferred ligands that arise from ring formation of two radicals R on the different cycles are the structures of the formulas (L-3) to (L-30) listed below,
- one symbol X stands for N, and the other symbols X stand for CR, or all symbols X stand for CR.
- the groups (CyC-1) to (CyC-20) or (CyD-1) to (CyD-14) or in the ligands or partial ligands (L-1-1 ) to (L-30) one of the atoms X stands for N if a group R is bonded as a sub stituent adjacent to this nitrogen atom, which group is not equal to hydrogen or deuterium.
- This substituent R is preferably a group selected from CF 3 , OCF 3 , alkyl groups with 1 to 10 carbon atoms, in particular branched or cyclic alkyl groups with 3 to 10 carbon atoms, OR 1 , where R 1 is an alkyl group with 1 up to 10 carbon atoms, in particular a branched or cyclic alkyl group with 3 to 10 carbon atoms, dialkylamino groups with 2 to 10 carbon atoms or aryl or heteroaryl groups with 5 to 10 aromatic ring atoms. These groups are sterically demanding groups.
- This radical R can furthermore preferably also form a cycle with an adjacent radical R.
- bidentate ligands or partial ligands are the ligands or partial ligands of the following formulas (L-31) or (L-32),
- R has the meanings given above, * represents the position of the coordination to the iridium, "o" in formula (1) or (3) represents the position of the linkage of the partial ligand with V and the following applies to the other symbols used:
- X is on each occurrence, identically or differently, CR or N with the proviso that a maximum of one symbol X per cycle stands for N.
- ligand or partial ligand (L-31) or (L-32) at most one such fused-on group is present. They are therefore preferably ligands or partial ligands of the following formulas (L-33) to (L-38),
- the ligands or partial ligands of the formulas (L-31) to (L-38) contain a total of 0, 1 or 2 of the symbols X and, if present, Y stands for N. Particularly preferably, a total of 0 or 1 is present the symbols X and, if present, Y for N.
- Preferred embodiments of the formulas (L-33) to (L-38) are the structures of the following formulas (L-33a) to (L-38f),
- the group X which is in the ortho position for coordination to the metal, represents CR.
- the radical R which is bound to the metal in the ortho position for coordination, is preferably selected from the group consisting of H, D, F and methyl.
- one of the atoms X stands for N, if a group R which is not H or D is bonded as a substituent adjacent to this nitrogen atom.
- This substituent R is preferably a group selected from CF 3 , OCF 3 , alkyl groups with 1 to 10 carbon atoms, in particular branched or cyclic alkyl groups with 3 to 10 carbon atoms, OR 1 , where R 1 is an alkyl group with 1 to 10 carbon atoms, in particular a branched or cyclic alkyl group with 3 to 10 carbon atoms, dialkylamino groups with 2 to 10 carbon atoms or aryl or heteroaryl groups with 5 to 10 aromatic ring atoms. These groups are sterically demanding groups.
- This radical R can furthermore preferably also form a cycle with an adjacent radical R.
- D is C or N, with the proviso that one D is C and the other D is N;
- X is on each occurrence, identically or differently, CR or N;
- Z is CR ‘, CR or N, with the proviso that exactly one Z stands for CR 'and the other Z stands for CR or N; a total of at most one symbol X or Z per cycle stands for N;
- R ' is a group of the following formula (17) or (18), wherein the dashed bond indicates the linkage of the group;
- R ′′ is, identically or differently on each occurrence, H, D, F, CN, a straight-chain alkyl group with 1 to 10 C atoms, in which one or more H atoms can also be replaced by D or F, or a branched or cyclic group
- An alkyl group with 3 to 10 C atoms, in which one or more F1 atoms can also be replaced by D or F, or an alkenyl group with 2 to 10 C atoms, in which one or more F1 atoms can also be replaced by D or F can be replaced;
- two adjacent radicals R ′′ or two radicals R ′′ on adjacent phenyl groups can also form a ring system with one another; or two R "on adjacent phenyl groups together represent a group selected from C (R 1 ) 2, NR 1 , O or S, so that the two phenyl rings together with the bridging group represent a carbazole, fluorene, dibenzofuran or dibenzothiophene,
- a fluorene or a phenanthrene or a triphenylene can also be formed.
- two R ′′ on adjacent phenyl groups can also be selected together for a group from NR 1 , 0 or S, so that the two phenyl rings together with the bridging group stand for a carbazole, dibenzofuran or dibenzothiophene.
- X is CR, identically or differently on each occurrence.
- one group Z is preferably CR and the other group Z is CR '.
- the ligand or partial ligand L or L ' preferably has a structure according to one of the following formulas (L-39a) or (L-39b), the linkage with the bridge V for polypodal structures of the formula (L-39) takes place via the position marked with "o" and no radical R is bound at this position,
- the partial ligand of the formula (L-39) particularly preferably has a structure according to one of the following formulas (L-39a ') or (L-39b'), the linkage with the bridge for polypodal structures of the formula (L-39) V takes place via the position marked with "o" and no radical R is bound at this position, where the symbols used have the meanings given above.
- the radicals R on the partial ligand L of the formula (L-39) or formulas (L-39a), (L-39b), (L-39a ') and (L-39d') are preferably selected from the group consisting of H. , D, CN, OR 1 , a straight-chain alkyl group with 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably with 1, 2 or 3 carbon atoms, or a branched or cyclic alkyl group with 3, 4, 5 or 6 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group with 2 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably with 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms, each of which can be substituted by one or more radicals R 1 , or a phenyl group, which can be substituted by one or more non-aromatic radicals R 1 .
- Two or more neighboring radicals R can also form a ring system with one another.
- the substituent R which is bonded in the ortho position to the coordinating atom, is preferably selected from the group consisting of H, D, F or methyl, particularly preferably H, D or methyl and in particular H or D.
- radicals R on partial ligand L of the formula (L-39) form a ring system with one another, it is preferably an aliphatic, hetero-aliphatic or heteroaromatic ring system. Furthermore, the ring formation between two radicals R on the two rings of the partial ligand L or L 'is preferred, whereby a phenanthridine or a phenanthridine, which can also contain further nitrogen atoms, is preferred, is formed.
- radicals R together form a heteroaromatic ring system
- a structure is preferably formed which is selected from the group consisting of quinoline, isoquinoline, dibenzofuran, dibenzothiophene and carbazole, each of which can be substituted by one or more radicals R 1 and where Individual C atoms in dibenzo furan, dibenzothiophene and carbazole can also be replaced by N.
- Quinoline, isoquinoline, dibenzofuran and azadibenzofuran are particularly preferred.
- the condensed structures can be bound in any possible position.
- Preferred partial ligands L and L 'with fused-on benzo groups are the structures formulas (L-39c) to (L-39j) listed below, the linkage to the bridge V via the for polypodal structures of the formula (L-39) Position marked with "o" takes place:
- ligands can in each case also be substituted by one or more further radicals R and the fused-on structure can be substituted by one or more radicals R 1 .
- Preferred partial ligands L and L 'of the formula (L-39) with fused-on benzofuran or azabenzofuran groups are the structures formulas (L-39k) to (L-39z) listed below, with polypodal structures of the formula (L-39 ) the connection with the bridge V takes place via the position marked by "o":
- the ligands can in each case also be substituted by one or more further radicals R and the fused-on structure can be substituted by one or more radicals R 1 .
- the fused-on structure can be substituted by one or more radicals R 1 .
- no further radicals R or R 1 are present.
- O can be replaced by S or NR 1 in these structures.
- R ‘ is a group of formula (17) or (18).
- the two groups only differ in that the group of formula (17) is linked in the para position and the group of formula (18) in the meta position with the ligand or partial ligand L or L ‘.
- n 0, 1 or 2, preferably 0 or 1 and very particularly preferably 0.
- both substituents R ′′ which are bonded in the ortho positions to the carbon atom with which the group of the formula (17) or (18) is bonded to the phenylpyridine ligand are identically or differently H or D.
- Preferred embodiments of the structure of the formula (17) are the structures of the formulas (17a) to (17h), and preferred embodiments of the structure of the formula (18) are the structures of the formulas (18a) to (18h),
- E C (R 1 ) 2, NR 1 , 0 or S and the other symbols used have the meanings given above.
- Preferred substituents R ′′ on the groups of the formula (17) or (18) or the preferred embodiments are selected from the group consisting of the group consisting of H, D, CN and an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, in particular preferably H, D or methyl.
- the partial ligands L ′′ are bis (bidentate) cyclometalated partial ligands that coordinate to both iridium atoms. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, these are partial ligands of the following formula (19) or (20),
- D is on each occurrence, identically or differently, C or N;
- Q in formula (19) represents a group according to one of the following formulas (Q-1) to (Q-3) and in formula (20) for a group according to one of the following formulas (Q-4) to (Q-15 ),
- no more than two groups X per group Q which are not directly bonded to one another, represent N, and particularly preferably no more than one group X represents N.
- Very particularly preferably all X are CR and in particular CH, and all R in (Q-1) to (Q-3) and (Q-7) to (Q-9) are Fl or D, in particular Fl.
- the partial ligand of the formula (19) or (20) coordinates to each of the two iridium atoms with exactly one carbon atom and one nitrogen atom, which are present as coordinating atoms in Q and as coordinating atoms D. So if the group Q represents a group of the formula (Q-1), (Q-4), (Q-7), (Q-10) or (Q-13), i.e. coordinates to each of the two iridium atoms via nitrogen atoms, then the two groups D preferably represent carbon atoms.
- the two groups D preferably represent nitrogen atoms. If the group Q is a group of the formula (Q-3), (Q-6), (Q-9), (Q-12 ) or (Q-15), i.e. coordinated to the two iridium atoms via a carbon atom and a nitrogen atom, then one of the two groups D preferably represents a nitrogen atom and the other group D represents a carbon atom, so that each iridium atom is from one Carbon atom and a nitrogen atom is coordinated.
- the symbols X listed in formula (19) or (20), identically or differently on each occurrence, represent CR, in particular CH or CD.
- the complexes of formulas (1) and (3) are complexes with a hexadentate or dodecadentate ligand, the three sub-ligands L and L 'in formula (1) being covalently linked to one another by a bridging unit V, or The partial ligands L 'and L “in formula (3) are covalently linked to one another by two bridging units V.
- the bridging unit V is a group of the following formula (21), the dashed bonds denoting the position of the linkage of the partial ligands L or L 'in formula (1) or L' and L "in formula ( 3) represent, Formula (21) where:
- X 1 is on each occurrence, identically or differently, CR or N;
- X 2 is on each occurrence, identically or differently, CR or N;
- A is identically or differently on each occurrence CR2-CR2, CR2-O,
- A is identically or differently on each occurrence CR2-CR2 or a group of the formula (22).
- the following embodiments are preferred: all three groups A represent the same group of the formula (22); two groups A stand for the same group of the formula (22), and the third group A stands for CR2-CR2;
- one group A stands for a group of the formula (22), and the two other groups A stand for the same group CR2-CR2; or - all three groups A stand for the same group CR2-CR2.
- R is preferably, identically or differently on each occurrence, Fl or D, particularly preferably Fl.
- the group of the formula (22) represents an aromatic or heteroaromatic six-membered ring.
- the group of the formula (22) contains a maximum of one fletero atom in the aryl or fleteroaryl group. This does not rule out the fact that substituents which are optionally bound to this group can also contain fleteroatoms. Furthermore, this definition does not exclude the formation of condensed aromatic or heteroaromatic structures, such as naphthalene, benzimidazole, etc ..
- the group of formula (22) is preferably selected from benzene, pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine and by the ring formation of substituents Pyridazine, especially benzene.
- Preferred embodiments of the group of the formula (22) are the structures of the following formulas (22a) to (22h),
- the optionally substituted six-ring aromatics and six-ring heteroaromatics of the formulas (22a) to (22e) are particularly preferred.
- Orthophenylene that is to say a group of the formula (22a), is very particularly preferred.
- adjacent substituents can also form a ring system with one another, so that condensed structures, including condensed aryl and heteroaryl groups, such as naphthalene, quinoline, benzimidazole, carbazole, dibenzofuran or dibenzothiophene, arise can.
- condensed structures including condensed aryl and heteroaryl groups, such as naphthalene, quinoline, benzimidazole, carbazole, dibenzofuran or dibenzothiophene, arise can.
- Preferred embodiments of the bridgehead V that is to say the structure of the formula (21), are set out below.
- Preferred embodiments of the group of formula (21) are the structures of the following formulas (23) to (26),
- the groups of the formulas (23) to (26) are particularly preferably selected from the structures of the following formulas (23b) to (26b),
- R identically or differently on each occurrence, represents H or D, preferably H.
- bridgeheads V are the structures shown below:
- the metal complex contains two substituents R or two substituents R 1 which are bonded to adjacent carbon atoms and which together form an aliphatic ring according to one of the formulas described below.
- the two substituents R which form this aliphatic ring can be present on the bridge of the formula (21) and / or on one or several of the bidentate partial ligands or ligands are present.
- the aliphatic ring, which is formed by the ring formation of two substituents R with each other, is preferably described by one of the following formulas (27) to (33),
- radicals R are particularly preferred for each occurrence, identically or differently, selected from the group consisting of H, D, F, N (R 1 ) 2 , a straight-chain alkyl group with 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a branched or cyclic alkyl group with 3 up to 10 carbon atoms, where one or more H atoms can be replaced by D or F, or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 6 to 18 aromatic ring atoms, in particular with 6 to 13 aromatic ones Ring atoms which can be substituted by one or more radicals R 1 ; two adjacent radicals R or R with R 1 can also form a mono- or polycyclic, aliphatic or aromatic ring system with one another.
- Preferred radicals R 1 on each occurrence, identically or differently, are H, D, F, N (R 2 ) 2 , CN, a straight-chain alkyl group with 1 to 10 C atoms or an alkenyl group with 2 to 10 C atoms or a branched or cyclic alkyl group with 3 to 10 carbon atoms, where the alkyl group can be substituted by one or more radicals R 2 , or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 6 to 24 aromatic ring atoms, which can be substituted by one or more radicals R 2 ; two or more adjacent radicals R 1 here can form a mono- or polycyclic, aliphatic ring system with one another.
- radicals R 1 which are bonded to R, are, identically or differently, H, F, CN, a straight-chain alkyl group with 1 to 5 carbon atoms or a branched or cyclic alkyl group with 3 to 5 carbon atoms, each of which can be substituted by one or more radicals R 2 , or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 6 to 18 aromatic ring atoms, in particular with 6 to 13 aromatic ring atoms, which can be substituted by one or more radicals R 2 ; two or more adjacent radicals R 1 here can form a mono- or polycyclic, aliphatic ring system with one another.
- Preferred radicals R 2 are, identically or differently on each occurrence, Fl,
- all ligands can be used in the process according to the invention, as are usually used in cyclometalated complexes for use in organic electroluminescent devices.
- iridium compounds which can be used as starting material in the inventive method.
- Preferred iridium educts are iridium halides, in particular iridium chlorides, iridium carboxylates, in particular iridium acetates, iridium COD complexes, iridium ketoketonates, and the compounds listed below.
- Preferred iridium compounds which can be used as starting material in the process according to the invention are the compounds of the following formulas (34) to (39), lrHal 3 * z H 2 0 * y HHal Kat 3 [lrHal 6 ] * z H 2 0 * y HHal lr (OOCR) 3
- Hal is on each occurrence, identically or differently, F, CI, Br or I;
- Kat is on each occurrence, identically or differently, an alkali metal cation, an ammonium cation, a tetraalkylammonium cation with 4 to 40 carbon atoms or a tetraalkylphosphonium cation with 4 to 40 carbon atoms; z is 0 to 100; y is 0 to 100.
- COD iridium (l) compounds such as [(COD) lrCI] 2 (CAS [12112-67-3]) or (COD) lr (lnd) (CAS [102525-11-1]), where COD stands for cyclooctadiene and Ind stands for indenyl.
- Iridium halide hydrate in particular iridium chloride hydrate, of the formula (34) is not a defined compound, since it is a hygroscopic compound which can contain varying amounts of HCl and / or water.
- the water content of the batch is usually specified via the iridium content.
- iridium halide or iridium halide hydrate includes in the sense of present invention all these compounds, regardless of the amount of water and hydrogen halide contained.
- iridium carboxylates of the formula (36), such as iridium acetate it is not a perfectly stoichiometric or defined compound, and there are generally various iridium carboxylates in question, the varying amounts of acetic acid, water and
- iridium carboxylate encompasses all these compounds, regardless of the precise type Composition.
- R in formulas (36), (37) and (38) is preferably an alkyl group with 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 5 to 12 aromatic ring atoms, which is formed by one or more radicals R 1 can be substituted.
- R in the formulas (36), (37) and (38) particularly preferably represents an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, in particular methyl or tert-butyl.
- Preferred compounds of the formula (34) are those in which the index z is 1 to 10, particularly preferably 2 to 4.
- Preferred compounds of the formula (35) are those in which the index z is 0 to 10, particularly preferably 0 to 3.
- indices z and y need not be whole numbers, since the starting materials can also contain non-stoichiometric amounts of water and hydrogen halide.
- the proportion of water in particular can fluctuate depending on the batch, since it is hygroscopic metal salts.
- Preferred compounds of the formulas (34), (35), (38) and (39) are also those in which the symbol Hai, identically or differently on each occurrence, stands for CI or Br, particularly preferably for CI.
- the process is carried out in an anhydrous medium in the presence of at least one carboxylic acid.
- a carboxylic acid is an organic compound that carries one or more carboxy groups (-COOH). Both carboxylic acids that are liquid at room temperature and those that are solid at room temperature but melt under reaction conditions are suitable.
- R 4 is selected from the group consisting of a straight-chain alkyl group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a branched or cyclic alkyl group with 3 to 20 carbon atoms, where the alkyl group can be substituted by one or more radicals R 1 , one Alkenyl or alkynyl group with 2 to 20 carbon atoms, which can be substituted by one or more radicals R 1 , an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 5 to 40 aromatic ring atoms, each of which can be substituted by one or more non-aromatic radicals R 1 , or an aralkyl or heteroaralkyl group with 5 to 20 aromatic ring atoms, each of which can be substituted by one or more radicals R 1 .
- R 5 is selected from the group consisting of a straight-chain alkylene group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a branched or cyclic alkylene group with 3 to 20 carbon atoms, where the alkylene group can be substituted by one or more radicals R 1 , or an alkenyl or alkynyl group with 2 to 20 carbon atoms, which can be substituted with one or more radicals R 1 , or a divalent aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 5 to 40 aromatic ring atoms, each by one or more non-aromatic radicals R 1 can be substituted, or a divalent aralkyl or heteroaralkyl group with 5 to 20 aromatic ring atoms, each by one or several radicals R 1 can be substituted.
- R 1 has the meanings given above.
- R 4 is selected from the group consisting of a straight-chain alkyl group with 1 to 10 carbon atoms, particularly preferably with 1, 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms, or a branched or cyclic alkyl group with 3 to 10 C atoms, particularly preferably with 3, 4, 5 or 6 C atoms, where the alkyl group can be substituted in each case with a phenyl group, an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 6 to 12 aromatic ring atoms, preferably a phenyl group, each by a or several alkyl groups with 1 to 4 carbon atoms can be substituted, or an aralkyl group with 6 to 12 aromatic ring atoms.
- R 5 is selected from the group consisting of a straight-chain alkylene group with 1 to 10 carbon atoms, particularly preferably with 1, 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms, or a branched or cyclic alkylene group with 3 to 10 carbon atoms, particularly preferably with 3, 4, 5 or 6 carbon atoms, where the alkylene group can be substituted by a phenyl group, a divalent aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 6 to 12 aromatic ring atoms, preferably a phenylene group, each may be substituted by one or more alkyl groups with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or a divalent aralkyl group with 6 to 12 aromatic ring atoms.
- Preferred carboxylic acids are acetic acid, propionic acid, pivalic acid, benzoic acid, phenylacetic acid, adipic acid, and mixtures thereof.
- Acetic acid, pivalic acid, benzoic acid, salicylic acid or phenylacetic acid and mixtures thereof are particularly preferred.
- ligands do not dissolve very well in pure acetic acid.
- a carboxylic acid with an aromatic structural component such as benzoic acid, salicylic acid or phenylacetic acid
- Dicarboxylic acids such as, for example, maleic acid, fumaric acid, malonic acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid or terephthalic acid, are also suitable.
- carboxylic acids are amino acids, in particular ⁇ -, ⁇ -, g-, 6- or e-amino acids, such as glycine, alanine, phenylalanine or e-aminocaproic acid, and hydroxycarboxylic acids, in particular special ⁇ -, ⁇ -, g-, d - Or e-hydroxycarboxylic acids, such as malic acid, D-, L- or meso-tartaric acid, citric acid, glycolic acid, D- or L-mandelic acid or lactic acid.
- amino acids in particular ⁇ -, ⁇ -, g-, 6- or e-amino acids, such as glycine, alanine, phenylalanine or e-aminocaproic acid
- hydroxycarboxylic acids in particular special ⁇ -, ⁇ -, g-, d - Or e-hydroxycarboxylic acids, such as malic acid, D-, L- or meso-
- the carboxylic acid or a mixture of several carboxylic acids is used as a single solvent.
- a mixture of one or more carboxylic acids and one or more inert organic solvents such as, for example, dioxane, toluene, anisole, xylene, mesitylene or various ethylene glycol ethers, is used as the solvent.
- "Inert” means that the solvent does not react with the carboxylic acid used and does not contain any acidic protons, in particular no hydroxyl groups.
- the inert solvent is characterized by a pKa value> 15.
- the use of an organic solvent can help to improve the solubility of the ligand. Furthermore, the use of an organic solvent simplifies the reaction, especially on a production scale.
- the amount of carboxylic acid used is preferably 1 to 100 g per mmol of iridium educt, particularly preferably 10 to 50 g per mmol of iridium educt.
- a water scavenger in the context of the present invention is a compound which reacts chemically with water under the reaction conditions and thus removes it from the reaction mixture. It is preferred if the water scavenger is chosen such that it is under Reaction conditions so completely reacts chemically with the water that the water content of the reaction mixture (determined by Karl Fischer titration, as e.g. described in Chemie in our time 2000,
- No. 3 is less than 10 ppm. The person skilled in the art generally knows which compounds react with water and are thus able to withdraw water from the reaction mixture.
- Suitable water scavengers are, for example, carboxylic acid anhydrides, carboxylic acid halides, especially carboxylic acid chlorides, trialkyl ortho-carboxylates or carbodiimides, but also inorganic compounds which react with water, such as phosphorus pentoxide (P4O10), thionyl chloride or phosphoryl chloride.
- P4O10 phosphorus pentoxide
- thionyl chloride thionyl chloride
- phosphoryl chloride phosphoryl chloride
- suitable carboxylic acid anhydrides and carboxylic acid halides are those which correspond to the carboxylic acid used in the reaction mixture, for example acetic anhydride or chloride when using acetic acid, pivalic anhydride or chloride when using pivalic acid, benzoic anhydride or chloride when using benzoic acid , Phenylacetic anhydride or chloride when using phenylacetic acid, etc ..
- Another suitable carboxylic acid halide is oxalyl chloride. It is also possible, for example, to use acetic anhydride or chloride while using a higher-melting or higher-boiling carboxylic acid. Here it can be useful to remove the acetic acid that forms during the reaction.
- trialkyl-ortho-carboxylates are trimethyl-ortho-formate or triethyl-ortho-acetate.
- An example of a suitable carbodiimide is dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCI). All of these connec tions are water scavengers for the purposes of the present application.
- the amount of water scavenger is preferably 3 to 30 equivalents, particularly preferably 5 to 20 equivalents and very particularly preferably 10 to 20 equivalents, the equivalents being based on the amount of substance of the iridium educt used.
- adding a water scavenger offers no further advantage.
- a halide for example iridium chloride hydrate or [(COD) IrCl] 2
- the addition of a salt can also be helpful. It is assumed that this salt acts as a halide scavenger, a halide scavenger in the sense of the present invention being a compound which forms a poorly soluble salt with the halide of the iridium educt in the reaction medium.
- Suitable halide scavengers are, for example, alkali, alkaline earth, ammonium or zinc salts, in particular the corresponding salts of the carboxylic acid which is used in the reaction medium.
- the corresponding acetates are also suitable, even if higher-melting or higher-boiling carboxylic acids are used, in which case the acetic acid formed is preferably distilled off during the reaction.
- the alkali salts are, for example, the lithium, sodium or potassium salts, preferably the sodium or potassium salts and particularly preferably the potassium salts.
- potassium acetate is preferred when using acetic acid, but also when using other carboxylic acids, potassium pivalate when using pivalic acid, potassium benzoate when using benzoic acid, potassium salicylate when using salicylic acid, etc .. All of these compounds are halide scavengers in the sense of present application.
- the amount of salt added which is used as halide scavenger, is preferably 10 to 100 equivalents, particularly preferably 10 to 50 equivalents and very particularly preferably 20 to 40 equivalents, the equivalents being based on the amount of substance of the iridium educt used.
- the reaction is carried out in a temperature range from room temperature to 250 ° C., preferably 60 to 230 ° C., particularly preferably from 80 to 200 ° C., very particularly preferably from 100 to 180 ° C. and in particular particularly preferably from 120 to 160 ° C., the temperature being the jacket temperature of the reaction vessel.
- the reaction temperature also depends on the iridium educt used. With reactive iridium educts such as (COD) Ir (Ind), reaction temperatures of ⁇ 100 ° C are sufficient to achieve very good yields, while, for example, when using iridium chloride hydrate at reaction temperatures in the range of 120-160 ° C significantly better yields can be achieved.
- the reaction is carried out in a protective gas atmosphere, in particular under nitrogen or argon.
- the reaction is carried out under reflux without pressure.
- the reaction is carried out under reflux in a closed system, for example in a closed ampoule or an autoclave.
- the pressure corresponds to the vapor pressure above the solution.
- the preferred molar ratio of iridium to the ligand used in the reaction medium depends on the iridium educt used and on the ligand used.
- a ratio of Ir to ligand of 1: 0.9 to 1: 5 is preferred, in particular a ratio of 1: 1 to 1: 1.05.
- a ratio of Ir to the ligand of 1: 1 to 1:20 is preferably used, particularly preferably 1: 3 to 1:15, very particularly preferably 1:10 to 1:13.
- a ratio of Ir to ligand of 1.5: 1 to 10: 1, preferably 1.9: 1 to 3: 1 and particularly preferably 1.9: 1 to 2: 1 is used.
- the reaction is preferably carried out within 1 to 1000 hours, particularly preferably within 5 to 500 hours, very particularly preferably within 10 to 200 hours.
- a halogen-containing iridium educt it is also preferred if no steel kettle is used as the reaction vessel, but rather reaction vessels made of glass, enamel or Teflon, for example.
- a further acceleration of the reaction can be achieved using microwave radiation. How cyclometalation reactions can generally be carried out in the microwave is described, for example, in WO 2004/108738.
- the complexes obtainable by the process according to the invention are chiral compounds which are usually obtained as a racemate.
- chiral, enantiomerically pure carboxylic acids, enantiomerically enriched or enantiomerically pure complexes can also be synthesized.
- ⁇ -aminocarboxylic acids which are available in a wide range, for example alanine, phenylalanine, etc. are suitable.
- Hydroxycarboxylic acids such as malic or tartaric acid are also suitable.
- the method according to the invention offers the following advantages over the prior art:
- the method according to the invention enables access to cyclometalized iridium complexes, in particular tris-cyclometalated iridium complexes, in addition to other iridium educts also from easily accessible iridium halide in one step and in very good fashion
- the work-up only comprises typical simple process steps such as filtration, centrifugation, washing and / or drying and purification by recrystallization, chromatography, sublimation and / or tempering.
- the formation of metallic iridium in the form of an iridium mirror or iridium black is not observed.
- no formation of pyrophoric elemental iridium is observed, which represents a considerable improvement in the safety of the reaction.
- the method according to the invention is also very suitable for the production of cyclometalated iridium complexes on a production scale and not only on a laboratory scale.
- the following syntheses are carried out under a protective gas atmosphere in dried solvents.
- the metal complexes are also handled with exclusion of light or under yellow light.
- the solvents and reagents can e.g. B. from Sigma-ALDRICH or ABCR.
- the respective information in square brackets or the numbers given for individual compounds relate to the CAS numbers of the compounds known from the literature. In the case of compounds which can have several enantiomeric, diastereomeric or tautomeric forms, one form is shown as a representative.
- HOAc anhydrous acetic acid, glacial acetic acid [64-19-7]
- LiOAc lithium acetate, anhydrous [546-89-4]
- NhUOAc ammonium acetate [631-61 -8]
- KOPiv potassium pivalate, anhydrous [19455-23-3]
- KOBnz potassium benzoate, anhydrous [582-25-2]
- L-alanine L-alanine [56-41 -7]
- IrCta x H2O iridium trichloride hydrate, within the meaning of the invention a collective term for the compounds listed below, the stoichiometry being adjusted according to the Ir content of the compound used: IrCls x 3 H 2 0: [13569-57-8]
- Ir (OAc) 3 iridium acetate, within the meaning of the invention, a collective term for the compounds listed below, the stoichiometry being set according to the Ir content of the compound used:
- a stirred autoclave with a Teflon insert is filled with 9.18 g (10 mmol) of ligand L1, 3.53 g (10 mmol) of IrCl 3 x 3 H2O, 29.45 g (300 mmol) under an argon atmosphere Potassium acetate, anhydrous, 300 ml of glacial acetic acid and 9.47 ml (100 mmol) of acetic anhydride are charged, sealed and heated to 160 ° C for 48 h with thorough stirring (pressure: ⁇ 4.3 bar).
- the yellow suspension is poured into 1000 ml of deionized water with stirring, the yellow solid is filtered off with suction, washed three times with 200 ml of water each time and twice with 50 ml of ethanol each time, and dried in vacuo.
- the solid is suspended for 1 h in 300 ml of warm dichloromethane (DCM) and then chromatographed with DCM on 300 g of silica gel 60, Merck.
- the yellow flake fraction (Rf ⁇ 0.9) is cut out and the DCM is distilled off on a rotary evaporator at 50 ° C. water bath temperature at normal pressure, the volume of DCM distilled off being continuously replaced by the addition of EtOFI.
- the product can be further purified by means of industrial extraction and fractional sublimation.
- a 500 ml four-necked flask with KPG stirrer, water separator (10 ml reservoir), reflux condenser and argon blanket is filled with 9.18 g (10 mmol) of ligand L1, 3.69 g (10 mmol) of iridium (III) acetate lr (OAc) 3 under an argon atmosphere , 40 g of salicylic acid and 40 ml of mesitylene are charged and the mixture is heated under gentle reflux (internal temperature about 158 ° C.) for 22 h.
- the initially blue solution turns into a yellow suspension over time, apart from that some acetic acid separates out at the beginning, which is drained off.
- Table 2 shows the ligands used.
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Abstract
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