EP4000738B1 - Filter for cleaning a gas flow - Google Patents

Filter for cleaning a gas flow Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4000738B1
EP4000738B1 EP20207187.4A EP20207187A EP4000738B1 EP 4000738 B1 EP4000738 B1 EP 4000738B1 EP 20207187 A EP20207187 A EP 20207187A EP 4000738 B1 EP4000738 B1 EP 4000738B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
plate
electrode
ionising
ionization
rear edge
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Application number
EP20207187.4A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP4000738A1 (en
Inventor
Harald Hentschel
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Isi Industrieprodukte GmbH
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Isi Industrieprodukte GmbH
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Priority to EP20207187.4A priority Critical patent/EP4000738B1/en
Publication of EP4000738A1 publication Critical patent/EP4000738A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/02—Plant or installations having external electricity supply
    • B03C3/04—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type
    • B03C3/12—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type characterised by separation of ionising and collecting stations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/02—Plant or installations having external electricity supply
    • B03C3/04—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type
    • B03C3/06—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type characterised by presence of stationary tube electrodes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/02—Plant or installations having external electricity supply
    • B03C3/04—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type
    • B03C3/08—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type characterised by presence of stationary flat electrodes arranged with their flat surfaces parallel to the gas stream
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/36—Controlling flow of gases or vapour
    • B03C3/361—Controlling flow of gases or vapour by static mechanical means, e.g. deflector
    • B03C3/366—Controlling flow of gases or vapour by static mechanical means, e.g. deflector located in the filter, e.g. special shape of the electrodes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
    • B03C3/41—Ionising-electrodes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
    • B03C3/45—Collecting-electrodes
    • B03C3/47—Collecting-electrodes flat, e.g. plates, discs, gratings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C2201/00—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
    • B03C2201/04—Ionising electrode being a wire

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrostatic filter with an ionization unit and a separation unit for cleaning a gas flow.
  • Electrostatic filters are used to remove various types of contaminants in the form of particles, dust, airborne particles or droplets from gas streams. Electrostatic filters are used in air conditioning and ventilation systems. An important area of application for the filters is the treatment of air contaminated by industrial processes. Electrostatic filters work on the principle of separation. In a first step, the ionization unit is used to electrically charge particles or particles that are to be separated and that are located in a gas stream or gas mixture stream to be cleaned. In a second step, the charged particles are separated from the gas flow in the separation unit.
  • EP 2 105 205 B1 discloses an electrostatic filter with an ionization unit and separation unit, the ionization unit having a wire-shaped ionization element extending along a longitudinal axis and a counter-electrode for generating an electric field, in order to ionize the particles present in the gas flow.
  • the longitudinal axis of the circular ionization element runs orthogonally to an inflow direction along which the gas stream flows through the ionization unit.
  • the counter-electrode has several flat electrode plates, which extend essentially parallel to the inflow direction of the gas stream. A voltage is applied between the ionization element and the counter-electrode so that the particles flowing through the ionization unit pass through an electric field.
  • the voltage between the ionization element and the counter-electrode is adjusted in such a way that the ionization element emits electrons which collide with the particles and charge them electrically.
  • the particles charged in this way then reach the separation unit, where they can then be separated from the gas flow due to the charging.
  • the ionization of the particles is of particular relevance for the efficiency or degree of separation of electrostatic filters.
  • a high number of ionized particles and a high ionization strength per particle can be achieved by advantageous measures, which promotes efficient separation.
  • the number of ionized particles and the ionization strength per particle can be set, for example, via the electrical voltage between the ionization element and the counter-electrode, with limits being set here by spark flashovers that are to be avoided.
  • the EP 2 105 205 B1 proposes, in order to increase the efficiency, to design the ionization element in the form of a spray wire with sharp edges, which promotes good spraying behavior. However, the formation of the sharp edges of the spray wire is associated with increased production costs.
  • an electrostatic filter in which the counter electrode is formed in the form of a cylindrical spiral.
  • the longitudinal axis of the wire-shaped ionization element coincides with the central axis of the cylindrical spiral.
  • the counter-electrode completely spirals around the ionization element.
  • the complex structure can be seen as a disadvantage of such a filter.
  • the JP S60 187357 A discloses an electrostatic filter for cleaning a gas flow with an ionization unit.
  • the ionization unit has an electrode plate which is parallel to the inflow direction of the Gas flow extends.
  • the electrode plate has a front edge and a rear edge, both of which are positioned in front of the ionization element, viewed in the direction of flow.
  • the electrode plate and the ionization element have the same charge, so that no electric field is established between the electrode plate and the ionization element.
  • the JP S60 187358 A discloses another electrostatic filter with an ionization element and an electrode plate positioned upstream of the ionization element and having the same charge as the ionization element.
  • An electrical field for ionization is set between the downstream precipitation plates, viewed in the direction of flow, and the combination of ionization element/electrode plate.
  • the JP H08 84939 A discloses another electrostatic filter having a plurality of ionization elements and a counter-electrode having a plurality of electrode plates. Provision is made for the ionization elements to be movable. The ionization elements and electrode plates can therefore be moved relative to one another, so that the electrode plates can also be positioned with a rear edge in front of the ionization elements by being displaced in the direction of flow. An electric field is formed between the counter-electrode with the electrode plates and the ionization element.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object of providing a simply constructed electrostatic filter which has a high level of efficiency.
  • the electrode plate has a front edge and a rear edge, viewed in the direction of flow, which are positioned in front of the ionization element, viewed in the direction of flow.
  • the rear edge of the electrode plate is also arranged in front of the ionization element. In the inflow direction, the rear edge is located in front of a plane in which the ionization element is located and which extends perpendicularly to the inflow direction.
  • a voltage is present between the ionization element and the electrode plate, so that an electric field is present.
  • the electrode plate is arranged in such a way that it is aligned parallel to the gas flow, so that the gas flow or the air flow first hits the front edge, then flows past the two long, flat main surfaces of the plate and finally passes the rear edge.
  • the electrode plate offers a favorable flow profile and low flow resistance.
  • the ionization element whose longitudinal axis is perpendicular to the inflow direction, can be designed as a wire with a preferably round cross section.
  • the gas flow preferably flows against the ionization element over the entire length.
  • the gas flow is preferably applied to the electrostatic filter with the aid of a blower which is connected upstream or downstream of the ionization unit.
  • the particles transported in the gas flow are ionized by the electric field. Ionization means that the particles are electrically charged, so that each particle has an excess of electrons, for example.
  • the gas flow can be an air flow. In addition, it can also be other gaseous media or mixtures.
  • the gas flow contains particles that are transported along with it. Particles can be dirt or dust particles that arise in industrial processes such as metal-cutting shaping (e.g. turning and milling using coolants). The particles can also be fine dust or the finest particles, right down to microscopically small suspended matter or particles. A particle can also be a liquid substance. Accordingly, particles can also be droplets or aerosols. Droplets or aerosols can also be carriers of viruses or bacteria, so that the filter according to the invention can be used to filter viruses or bacteria. Ozone, which can form in the ionization unit, can advantageously be used to kill viruses or bacteria.
  • the filter can be used in extractors, air conditioners, room fans or ventilation systems.
  • An advantageous arrangement of ionization element and counter-electrode is realized by the invention.
  • the position of the electrode plate with its rear edge makes it possible for the ionization and the associated flow of electrons between the ionization element and counter-electrode to take place in front of the ionization element, viewed in the flow direction.
  • the sharp contour of the rear edge promotes the desired ionization.
  • an advantageous flow behavior of the gas flow can be adjusted by the electrode plate connected upstream of the ionization element.
  • the counter-electrode can be positioned in such a way that the particles are exposed to the ionization for a long time and thus an efficient ionization takes place.
  • the direction of the gas flow and the particles is preferably aligned and/or calmed by the electrode plate.
  • a turbulent gas flow can be converted into a directed gas flow by flowing around the electrode plate.
  • the gas flow and the particles preferably do not experience any turbulence.
  • the configuration can also prevent stagnation points.
  • Stagnation points are points at which flow-related particles are deposited because there is no air movement in the stagnation point.
  • a further advantage is the simple design of the counter-electrode on the basis of plates or metal sheets, as a result of which the filter can be manufactured at low cost.
  • the rear edge of the electrode plate is preferably arranged in front of the ionization element over its entire length. However, it is also conceivable that the rear edge is only partially arranged in front of the ionization element.
  • the rear edge of the electrode plate runs parallel to the longitudinal axis of the ionization element.
  • a constant distance from the rear edge of the electrode plate can thus be set over the entire length of the ionization element. This enables continuous and efficient ionization to be achieved over the entire length of the ionization element.
  • the counter-electrode has at least two electrode plates, the rear edges of which are each arranged in front of the ionization element and are at the same distance from the ionization element at least in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the ionization element. Due to the same distance, the same boundary conditions for the interaction between the ionization element and the electrode plates are established between the ionization element and the at least two electrode plates. If this distance is set optimally, a particularly effective ionization results. To the extent that the rear edges of the electrode plates run parallel to the longitudinal axis of the ionization element, the rear edges lie on the lateral surface of an imaginary cylinder whose central axis coincides with the longitudinal axis of the ionization element.
  • the requirement of the same distance is said to be met if the distance between the rear edge of one electrode plate does not differ by more than 2 mm from the distance between the rear edge of the other electrode plate.
  • the corresponding distances differ from each other by a maximum of 1 mm. Insofar as it is assumed below that the distances to the ionization element are the same, such equality should exist if the values differ by a maximum of 2 mm.
  • the separating unit has at least one precipitation plate with a front edge and a rear edge in the inflow direction, as well as at least one intermediate plate which extends parallel to the precipitation plate.
  • an electric field is set up between the precipitation plate and the intermediate plate, as a result of which the particles previously ionized or charged in the ionization unit are repelled by the intermediate plate and attracted by the precipitation plate.
  • the particles are deposited on the precipitation plate and are thus separated from the gas or air flow.
  • Particles that have settled on the precipitation plate can be transported away by any mechanism.
  • gravity and the resulting gravitational forces can be used.
  • particles can be transported downwards on vertically running plates.
  • the longitudinal axis of the ionization element, the electrode plate of the counter-electrode and the precipitation plate of the separating unit run parallel to one another, preferably in the vertical direction, when the filter according to the invention is in the operational position.
  • the precipitation plates also have the additional function of specifying the direction of gas flow and particles through the plate.
  • the electrode plate and the precipitation plate can advantageously be matched to one another, for example by lying in one plane and thus providing a good flow profile.
  • ozone that has formed on the ionization element can be transported away or broken down by the precipitation plates.
  • the precipitation plate is particularly easy to clean thanks to its flat sheet design. It is also conceivable for the ozone and/or for particles which could not or could not be separated from the gas flow in the separation unit could be dismantled to provide a downstream after-treatment. This can include the use of an activated carbon filter. Filter media made of glass fibers can also be used here.
  • the precipitation plate has the front edge, which is arranged behind the ionization element as seen in the inflow direction and whose distance from the ionization element corresponds according to the invention to the distance from the rear edge of the electrode plate of the counter-electrode to the ionization element.
  • the rear edge of the electrode plate of the counter-electrode and the front edge of the collecting electrode lie on the circumference of a circle whose center coincides with the longitudinal axis of the ionization element and whose radius corresponds to the distance.
  • the precipitation plate is therefore not only used to separate the particles from the gas flow, but can also contribute to the ionization of the particles.
  • the separating unit has at least two precipitation plates (for example 2, 3 or 4 precipitation plates), the front edges of which are at the same distance from the ionization element.
  • the counter-electrode can include at least one additional electrode plate, which runs parallel to the direction of flow and has a front edge and a rear edge, with the rear edge of the additional electrode plate being positioned behind the ionization element or at the same height as the ionization element, viewed in the direction of flow. If the trailing edge is at the same height as the ionization element, the trailing edge and the ionization element lie in the same plane, which extends perpendicularly to the inflow direction.
  • the rear edge of the additional electrode plate preferably runs parallel to the longitudinal axis of the ionization element.
  • the counter-electrode has at least two additional electrode plates, the ratio of one The distance between the two additional electrode plates and the distance between the ionization element and the rear edge of the electrode plate is 1.5 to 2.5, preferably 1.8 to 2.2. If the counter-electrode has more than two additional electrode plates, the distance described here is the distance between two adjacent additional electrode plates. It has been found that with the above ratio, a compact ionization unit with good efficiency can be implemented.
  • the additional electrode plate can form an outer plate of the counter electrode.
  • Two additional electrode plates are preferably provided, each of which forms an outer plate or an outside of the ionization unit.
  • the outer plates can also be used for shielding, for example against external electrical fields and against unwanted air currents or objects that penetrate the filter on the outside. Furthermore, the outer plates can prevent the charged particles from escaping from the filter before they have even reached the separation unit.
  • the ionization unit is equipped with a large number of ionization elements, for example 2 to 20 and preferably 3 to 10, which can be arranged at the same height as seen in the direction of flow, with at least one additional electrode plate of the counter-electrode being arranged between each two ionization elements.
  • the electrode plate of the counter-electrode has an edge profile running along the rear edge.
  • the edge profile can be designed as a sawtooth profile, wave profile or stepped profile. This edge profile provides the trailing edge with several sharp, exposed corners and peaks that promote ionization.
  • the electrode plate can converge in a pointed shape at the rear edge. This also leads to a sharper expression the trailing edge, which promotes ionization. Not only the rear edge of the electrode plate, but also the front edge of the precipitation plate of the separating unit can have the edge profiles described above and/or the pointed shape mentioned.
  • figure 1 1 shows parts of an electrostatic filter 1 in a simplified sectional view.
  • the filter 1 comprises an ionization unit 2 and a separation unit 3.
  • the ionization unit 2 has a wire-shaped ionization element 4 that extends along a longitudinal axis 5.
  • the ionization element 4 extends perpendicularly to the plane of the drawing.
  • the ionization unit 2 has a counter-electrode 6 which has three electrode plates 7 and two further additional electrode plates 8 .
  • the separating unit 3 has three precipitation plates 9 and two intermediate plates 10 which are arranged between two adjacent precipitation plates.
  • the precipitation plates 9 and the intermediate plates 10 are in the figure 1 shown only partially and therefore in a shortened form.
  • the ionization element 4 is designed as a round or essentially round spray wire, the diameter of which is from 0.1 to 1 mm can accept.
  • the length of the ionization element 4 can be in a range from 10 to 90 cm, preferably from 15 to 70 cm.
  • a height of the filter 1 corresponds approximately to the length of the ionization element 4 and is therefore also in a range from 10 to 90 cm.
  • a length L of the filter 1 is preferably in a range of 10 to 40 cm.
  • the width B shown can assume values of 15 to 60 mm. Since a section of the filter 1 is only shown schematically here and a filter can be composed of a large number of these sections, the width of the filter can be a multiple of B.
  • a gas flow 11 with an inflow direction 12 flows against the ionization unit 2 .
  • the gas flow 11 contains particles that are to be separated by the filter 1 . Due to the arrangement of the plates of the filter 1, the gas stream 11 flows through both the ionization unit 2 and the separation unit 3 without changing direction. Correspondingly, the gas flow 11 first enters the ionization unit 2 and flows past the electrode plates 7 and additional electrode plates 8 .
  • the electrode plate 7 has a front edge 13 and a rear edge 14 . It can be seen that both the front edge 13 and the rear edge 14 of the electrode plate 7 lie in front of the ionization element 4 as viewed in the direction of flow 12 .
  • edges 13, 14 or the electrode plates 7 in their entirety are thus located in front of a plane E in which the longitudinal axis 5 of the ionization element 4 lies and whose extension is indicated by the dot-dash line in figure 1 becomes clear.
  • the plane E extends perpendicularly to the direction of flow 12.
  • the extent of the electrode plate 7 in the direction of flow 12 can be greater than 4 mm, preferably greater than 6 mm.
  • the rear edges 14 of the three electrode plates 7 lie on the circumference of a circle 15 whose center coincides with the longitudinal axis 5 of the ionization element 4 and which has a radius R.
  • the radius R corresponds to a distance between the respective rear edge 14 of the electrode plate 7. Since the rear edges 14 should run parallel to the longitudinal axis 5 (the electrode plates 7 extend on the one hand between the front edge 13 and rear edge 14 and on the other hand parallel to the ionization element 4), the rear edges 14 lie on top a lateral surface of a cylinder whose central axis coincides with the longitudinal axis 5 of the ionization element 4 .
  • the radius R or the distance between the rear edge 14 and the ionization element 4 is preferably 8 to 20 mm. In one embodiment, the radius R is 12 to 14 mm. Since the circle 15 touches the additional electrode plates 8, this results in a distance between the additional electrode plates 8 which corresponds to the diameter of the circle 15 or twice the radius R.
  • a front edge of the additional electrode 8 is denoted by 16
  • a rear edge of the additional electrode 8 is denoted by reference number 17 .
  • the rear edge 17 of the additional electrode plate 8 is behind the ionization element 4 or behind the plane E.
  • the precipitation plate 9 has a front edge 19 and a rear edge 20, with the front edge 19 facing the rear edge 17 of the two additional electrode plates 8 in the case of the precipitation plates lying on the outside.
  • a small gap 21 of a few millimeters (for example 2 to 4 mm) remains between the rear edge 17 of the additional electrode plate 8 and the front edge of the collecting electrode 9 lying on the outside.
  • the gap 21 does not exist.
  • the auxiliary electrode plate 8 and the outer precipitating plate 9 may be integrally formed.
  • the front edges 19 of all three precipitation plates 9 are at the same height or in a common plane, which is to the plane E of the ionization element 4 is spaced. The distances between the front edges 19 and the ionization element 4 are greater than the radius R.
  • a front edge 18 of the intermediate plate 10 is slightly recessed from the front edge 19 of the precipitation plates. It is also possible that the front edge of the intermediate plate 10 is at the same level as the front edge 19 of the precipitation plates 9.
  • a distance A between two adjacent electrode plates 7 essentially corresponds to a distance Z between a precipitation plate 9 and an additional plate 10.
  • a distance A l between an electrode plate 7 and an additional electrode plate 8 also corresponds to the distance Z.
  • the distances A, A 1 and Z preferably assume values between 5 and 7 mm.
  • a plate thickness D for the auxiliary electrode plate 8 can be in a range of 0.5 to 2 mm, with a preferred plate thickness D being 0.8 to 1.2 mm. The values for the plate thickness D can also be used for the other plates 7, 9, 10 of the filter 1, all plates used having the same plate thickness D in a preferred embodiment.
  • the rear edges 14 of the electrode plates 7 can also lie in a common plane which is aligned parallel to the plane E. In this case, the individual rear edges 14 would not be at the same distance from the ionization element 4.
  • the electrode plates 7 and the additional electrode plates 8 are grounded, while a voltage is applied to the ionization element.
  • the precipitation plates are also grounded, with the intermediate plates also being subjected to a voltage.
  • the value ranges given above for preferred dimensions, distances, sizes etc. relate to a filter which is used as a decentralized filter. If the filter according to the invention is used in large, central systems with very large gas flows, the corresponding dimensions, distances, sizes, etc. can be many times larger.
  • the ionization element can also be a rod with a preferably circular cross-section, the diameter of which is greater than 1 or 2 mm.
  • figure 2 shows schematically another filter 1, the filter 1 shown here consisting of three filters (units) according to FIG figure 1 composed.
  • components or features in figure 2 belonging to components or characteristics in figure 1 are identical or similar are provided with the same reference numerals.
  • the longitudinal axes 5 of the three ionization elements 4 lie in the same plane E and run parallel to one another.
  • the width B of the filter 1 can be varied almost at will without having to change the distances between adjacent plates or the distances between ionization elements and the front/rear edges of the plates.
  • two adjacent filters (units) have a common auxiliary electrode plate 8 .
  • only n+1 additional electrode plates are therefore required.
  • figure 3 shows an embodiment of the invention, with regard to commonalities to the filter figure 1 reference is made to the corresponding figure description. In the following, only the differences to the filter 1der figure 1 pointed out.
  • the gap 21 is between the rear edge 17 of the additional electrode plate 8 and the front edge 19 of the outer precipitation plate 9 approximately in the plane E of the ionization element 4.
  • the rear edges 17 of the Additional electrode plates 8 and also the front edges 19 of the outer precipitation plates 9 are at least approximately on the circumference of the circle 15.
  • the front edge 19 of the central precipitation plate 9 now also lies on the circle 15. This means that all the edges of the plates that face the ionization element 4 and are grounded are at the same or approximately the same distance from the ionization element 4. This leads to a particularly intensive ionization of the particles that flow through the filter 1 along the inflow direction 12 .

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  • Electrostatic Separation (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen elektrostatischen Filter mit einer Ionisierungseinheit und einer Abscheideeinheit zur Reinigung eines Gasstroms.The invention relates to an electrostatic filter with an ionization unit and a separation unit for cleaning a gas flow.

Elektrostatische Filter werden dazu verwendet, um verschiedene Arten von Verunreinigungen in Form von Partikeln, Staub, Schwebestoffe oder Tröpfchen aus Gasströmen zu entfernen. Dabei werden elektrostatische Filter in Klima- und LĂ¼ftungsanlagen eingesetzt. Ein wichtiges Einsatzgebiet der Filter ist die Behandlung von durch industrielle Prozesse verunreinigte Luft. Elektrostatische Filter arbeiten nach dem Prinzip der Abscheidung. In einem ersten Schritt werden durch die lonisierungseinheit dabei abzuscheidende Partikel oder Teilchen, die sich in einem zu reinigenden Gasstrom oder Gasgemischstrom befinden, elektrisch aufgeladen. In einem zweiten Schritt werden die aufgeladenen Partikel in der Abscheideeinheit aus dem Gasstrom abgeschieden.Electrostatic filters are used to remove various types of contaminants in the form of particles, dust, airborne particles or droplets from gas streams. Electrostatic filters are used in air conditioning and ventilation systems. An important area of application for the filters is the treatment of air contaminated by industrial processes. Electrostatic filters work on the principle of separation. In a first step, the ionization unit is used to electrically charge particles or particles that are to be separated and that are located in a gas stream or gas mixture stream to be cleaned. In a second step, the charged particles are separated from the gas flow in the separation unit.

Aus der EP 2 105 205 B1 ist ein elektrostatischer Filter mit lonisierungseinheit und Abscheideeinheit bekannt, wobei die Ionisierungseinheit zu Erzeugung eines elektrischen Feldes ein drahtförmiges, sich entlang einer Längsachse erstreckendes Ionisierungselement und eine Gegenelektrode aufweist, um die im Gasstrom vorhandenen Partikel zu ionisieren. Die Längsachse des kreisförmigen Ionisierungselements verläuft dabei orthogonal zu einer Anströmungsrichtung, entlang derer der Gasstrom durch die lonisierungseinheit strömt. Die Gegenelektrode weist dabei mehrere ebene Elektrodenplatten auf, die sich im Wesentlichen parallel zur Anströmungsrichtung des Gasstroms erstrecken. Zwischen dem Ionisierungselement und der Gegenelektrode wird eine Spannung angelegt, so dass die Partikel, die durch die lonisierungseinheit strömen, ein elektrisches Feld passieren. Die Spannung zwischen dem lonisierungselement und der Gegenelektrode ist dabei so eingestellt, dass das lonisierungselement Elektronen emittiert, welche auf die Partikel stoĂŸen und diese elektrisch aufladen. Die derart aufgeladenen Partikel gelangen dann in die Abscheideeinheit, wobei sie dann bedingt durch die Aufladung vom Gasstrom abgeschieden werden können.From the EP 2 105 205 B1 discloses an electrostatic filter with an ionization unit and separation unit, the ionization unit having a wire-shaped ionization element extending along a longitudinal axis and a counter-electrode for generating an electric field, in order to ionize the particles present in the gas flow. The longitudinal axis of the circular ionization element runs orthogonally to an inflow direction along which the gas stream flows through the ionization unit. The counter-electrode has several flat electrode plates, which extend essentially parallel to the inflow direction of the gas stream. A voltage is applied between the ionization element and the counter-electrode so that the particles flowing through the ionization unit pass through an electric field. The voltage between the ionization element and the counter-electrode is adjusted in such a way that the ionization element emits electrons which collide with the particles and charge them electrically. The particles charged in this way then reach the separation unit, where they can then be separated from the gas flow due to the charging.

Besondere Relevanz fĂ¼r den Wirkungsgrad oder Abscheidegrad von elektrostatischen Filtern kommt dabei der Ionisierung der Partikel zu. Durch vorteilhafte MaĂŸnahmen kann eine hohe Anzahl an ionisierten Partikeln und eine hohe lonisationsstärke pro Partikel erreicht werden, was eine effiziente Abscheidung begĂ¼nstigt. Die Anzahl an ionisierten Partikeln und die lonisationsstärke pro Partikel kann beispielsweise Ă¼ber die elektrische Spannung zwischen dem lonisierungselement und der Gegenelektrode eingestellt werden, wobei hier durch zu vermeidende FunkenĂ¼berschläge Grenzen gesetzt sind. Die EP 2 105 205 B1 schlägt dabei zur Erhöhung des Wirkungsgrads vor, das lonisierungselement in Form eines SprĂ¼hdrahts mit scharfen Kanten auszubilden, die ein gutes SprĂ¼hverhalten begĂ¼nstigt. Jedoch ist die Ausbildung der scharfen Kanten des SprĂ¼hdrahts mit einem erhöhten Fertigungsaufwand verbunden.The ionization of the particles is of particular relevance for the efficiency or degree of separation of electrostatic filters. A high number of ionized particles and a high ionization strength per particle can be achieved by advantageous measures, which promotes efficient separation. The number of ionized particles and the ionization strength per particle can be set, for example, via the electrical voltage between the ionization element and the counter-electrode, with limits being set here by spark flashovers that are to be avoided. the EP 2 105 205 B1 proposes, in order to increase the efficiency, to design the ionization element in the form of a spray wire with sharp edges, which promotes good spraying behavior. However, the formation of the sharp edges of the spray wire is associated with increased production costs.

Aus der DE 10 2017 214 495 A1 ist ein elektrostatischer Filter bekannt, bei dem die Gegenelektrode in Form einer zylindrischen Spirale ausgebildet ist. Die Längsachse des drahtförmigen lonisierungselements fällt dabei mit der Mittelachse der zylindrischen Spirale zusammen. Das lonisierungselement wird dabei von der Gegenelektrode vollständig spiralförmig umwunden. Als Nachteil eines derartigen Filters kann der komplexe Aufbau gesehen werden.From the DE 10 2017 214 495 A1 an electrostatic filter is known in which the counter electrode is formed in the form of a cylindrical spiral. The longitudinal axis of the wire-shaped ionization element coincides with the central axis of the cylindrical spiral. The counter-electrode completely spirals around the ionization element. The complex structure can be seen as a disadvantage of such a filter.

Die JP S60 187357 A offenbart einen elektrostatischen Filter zur Reinigung eines Gasstroms mit einer Ionisierungseinheit. Die Ionisierungseinheit weist dabei eine Elektrodenplatte auf, die sich parallel zur Anströmungsrichtung des Gasstroms erstreckt. Die Elektrodenplatte weist eine vordere Kante und eine hintere Kante auf, die beide in Anströmungsrichtung gesehen vor dem lonisierungselement positioniert sind. Die Elektrodenplatte und das lonisierungselement weisen dabei die gleiche Ladung auf, sodass sich kein elektrisches Feld zwischen der Elektrodenplatte und dem lonisierungselement einstellt. Ein elektrisches Feld zwischen lonisierungselement und vorgelagerter Elektrodenplatte einerseits und zwischen Niederschlagsplatten und einer netzartigen Gegenelektrode andererseits, die beide in Anströmrichtung gesehen hinter dem lonisierungselement liegen, sorgt fĂ¼r die Ionisierung des Gasstroms.the JP S60 187357 A discloses an electrostatic filter for cleaning a gas flow with an ionization unit. The ionization unit has an electrode plate which is parallel to the inflow direction of the Gas flow extends. The electrode plate has a front edge and a rear edge, both of which are positioned in front of the ionization element, viewed in the direction of flow. The electrode plate and the ionization element have the same charge, so that no electric field is established between the electrode plate and the ionization element. An electric field between the ionization element and the upstream electrode plate on the one hand and between the precipitation plates and a net-like counter-electrode on the other hand, both of which are behind the ionization element viewed in the flow direction, ensures the ionization of the gas flow.

Die JP S60 187358 A offenbart einen weiteren elektrostatischen Filter mit einem lonisierungselement und einer in Anströmrichtung vor dem lonisierungselement positionierten Elektrodenplatte, die die gleiche Ladung wie das lonisierungselement aufweist. Zwischen in Anströmrichtung gesehen nachgeschalteten Niederschlagsplatten und dem Verbund Ionisierungselement/ Elektrodenplatte ist ein elektrisches Feld zur Ionisierung eingestellt.the JP S60 187358 A discloses another electrostatic filter with an ionization element and an electrode plate positioned upstream of the ionization element and having the same charge as the ionization element. An electrical field for ionization is set between the downstream precipitation plates, viewed in the direction of flow, and the combination of ionization element/electrode plate.

Die JP H08 84939 A offenbart einen weiteren elektrostatischen Filter mit mehreren lonisierungselementen und einer Gegenelektrode, die mehrere Elektrodenplatten aufweist. Es ist vorgesehen, dass die lonisierungselemente bewegbar sind. Die lonisierungselemente und Elektrodenplatten sind demnach relativ zueinander bewegbar, so dass die Elektrodenplatten durch Verschieben in Anströmungsrichtung auch mit einer hinteren Kante vor den Ionisierungselementen positioniert werden können. Es bildet sich dabei ein elektrisches Feld zwischen der Gegenelektrode mit den Elektrodenplatten und dem lonisierungselement aus.the JP H08 84939 A discloses another electrostatic filter having a plurality of ionization elements and a counter-electrode having a plurality of electrode plates. Provision is made for the ionization elements to be movable. The ionization elements and electrode plates can therefore be moved relative to one another, so that the electrode plates can also be positioned with a rear edge in front of the ionization elements by being displaced in the direction of flow. An electric field is formed between the counter-electrode with the electrode plates and the ionization element.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zu Grunde, einen einfach aufgebauten elektrostatischen Filter bereitzustellen, der einen hohen Wirkungsgrad aufweist.The present invention is therefore based on the object of providing a simply constructed electrostatic filter which has a high level of efficiency.

Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst durch einen elektrostatischen Filter mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1.This object is achieved by an electrostatic filter having the features of patent claim 1.

Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der abhängigen AnsprĂ¼che.Advantageous refinements and developments of the invention are the subject matter of the dependent claims.

Die der Erfindung zu Grunde liegende Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöst, dass die Elektrodenplatte in Anströmungsrichtung gesehen eine vordere Kante und eine hintere Kante aufweist, die in Anströmungsrichtung gesehen vor dem Ionisierungselement positioniert sind. Insbesondere ist auch die hintere Kante der Elektrodenplatte vor dem lonisierungselement angeordnet. Die hintere Kante befindet sich dabei in Anströmungsrichtung vor einer Ebene, in der sich das lonisierungselement befindet und die sich senkrecht zur Anströmungsrichtung erstreckt. ErfindungsgemĂ¤ĂŸ liegt eine Spannung zwischen dem lonisierungselement und der Elektrodenplatte an, so dass ein elektrisches Feld vorliegt.The object on which the invention is based is achieved in that the electrode plate has a front edge and a rear edge, viewed in the direction of flow, which are positioned in front of the ionization element, viewed in the direction of flow. In particular, the rear edge of the electrode plate is also arranged in front of the ionization element. In the inflow direction, the rear edge is located in front of a plane in which the ionization element is located and which extends perpendicularly to the inflow direction. According to the invention, a voltage is present between the ionization element and the electrode plate, so that an electric field is present.

Die Elektrodenplatte ist dabei so angeordnet, dass sie parallel zum Gasstrom ausgerichtet ist, so dass der Gasstrom bzw. der Luftstrom zunächst auf die vordere Kante trifft, dann an den beiden langen, ebenen Hauptflächen der Platte vorbeiströmt und schlieĂŸlich die hintere Kante passiert. Die Elektrodenplatte bietet ein gĂ¼nstiges Strömungsprofil und einen geringen Strömungswiderstand. Das lonisierungselement, dessen Längsachse senkrecht zur Anströmungsrichtung steht, kann als Draht mit einem vorzugweise runden Querschnitt ausgefĂ¼hrt sein. Das lonisierungselement wird bevorzugt Ă¼ber die gesamte Länge vom Gasstrom angeströmt. Vorzugsweise wird der elektrostatische Filter mit Hilfe eines Gebläses, das vor oder hinter der lonisierungseinheit geschaltet ist, mit dem Gasstrom beaufschlagt.The electrode plate is arranged in such a way that it is aligned parallel to the gas flow, so that the gas flow or the air flow first hits the front edge, then flows past the two long, flat main surfaces of the plate and finally passes the rear edge. The electrode plate offers a favorable flow profile and low flow resistance. The ionization element, whose longitudinal axis is perpendicular to the inflow direction, can be designed as a wire with a preferably round cross section. The gas flow preferably flows against the ionization element over the entire length. The gas flow is preferably applied to the electrostatic filter with the aid of a blower which is connected upstream or downstream of the ionization unit.

Durch das elektrische Feld werden die im Gasstrom mittransportierten Partikel ionisiert. Ionisierung bedeutet, dass die Partikel elektrisch aufgeladen werden, so dass jeder Partikel beispielsweise einen ElektronenĂ¼berschuss besitzt.The particles transported in the gas flow are ionized by the electric field. Ionization means that the particles are electrically charged, so that each particle has an excess of electrons, for example.

Bei dem Gasstrom kann es sich um einen Luftstrom handeln. DarĂ¼ber hinaus kann es sich auch um andere gasförmige Medien oder Gemische handeln. Im Gasstrom befinden sich dabei Partikel, die mittransportiert werden. Partikel können dabei Schmutz- oder Staubpartikel sein, die bei industriellen Prozessen wie die spangebende Formgebung (zum Beispiel Drehen und Fräsen unter Einsatz von KĂ¼hlflĂ¼ssigkeiten) entstehen. Es kann sich bei den Partikeln auch um Feinstaub oder feinste Partikel, bis hin zu mikroskopisch kleinen Schwebestoffen oder Teilchen handeln. Es kann sich bei einem Partikel auch um einen flĂ¼ssigen Stoff handeln. Partikel können demnach auch Tröpfchen oder Aerosole sein. Tröpfchen oder Aerosole können dabei auch Träger von Viren oder Bakterien sein, so dass der erfindungsmĂ¤ĂŸige Filter zum Filtern von Viren oder Bakterien verwendet werden kann. Zum Abtöten von Viren oder Bakterien kann vorteilhafterweise Ozon genutzt werden, welches sich in der lonisierungseinheit bilden kann.The gas flow can be an air flow. In addition, it can also be other gaseous media or mixtures. The gas flow contains particles that are transported along with it. Particles can be dirt or dust particles that arise in industrial processes such as metal-cutting shaping (e.g. turning and milling using coolants). The particles can also be fine dust or the finest particles, right down to microscopically small suspended matter or particles. A particle can also be a liquid substance. Accordingly, particles can also be droplets or aerosols. Droplets or aerosols can also be carriers of viruses or bacteria, so that the filter according to the invention can be used to filter viruses or bacteria. Ozone, which can form in the ionization unit, can advantageously be used to kill viruses or bacteria.

Der Filter kann in Abzugsvorrichtungen, Klimaanlagen, RaumlĂ¼fter oder LĂ¼ftungsanlagen eingesetzt werden.The filter can be used in extractors, air conditioners, room fans or ventilation systems.

Durch die Erfindung wird eine vorteilhafte Anordnung von lonisierungselement und Gegenelektrode realisiert. Die Position der Elektrodenplatte mit ihrer hinteren Kante ermöglicht es dabei, die Ionisation und den damit einher gehenden Elektronenfluss zwischen lonisierungselement und Gegenelektrode in Anströmrichtung gesehen vor dem lonisierungselement stattfinden zu lassen. Die scharfe Kontur der hinteren Kante begĂ¼nstigt dabei die gewĂ¼nschte Ionisation. Zudem lässt sich durch die dem lonisierungselement vorgeschaltete Elektrodenplatte ein vorteilhaftes Strömungsverhalten des Gasstroms einstellen. Beispielsweise kann die Gegenelektrode so positioniert sein, dass die Partikel der Ionisation fĂ¼r eine lange Zeit ausgesetzt sind und somit eine wirkungsvolle Ionisation erfolgt. Vorzugsweise wird die Richtung des Gasstroms und der Partikel dabei durch die Elektrodenplatte ausgerichtet und/oder beruhigt. Beispielsweise kann ein turbulenter Gasstrom durch das Umströmen der Elektrodenplatte in einen gerichteten Gasstrom umgewandelt werden. Vorzugsweise erfahren der Gasstrom und die Partikel dabei keine Turbulenz. Durch die Ausgestaltung können weiterhin Staupunkte verhindert werden.An advantageous arrangement of ionization element and counter-electrode is realized by the invention. The position of the electrode plate with its rear edge makes it possible for the ionization and the associated flow of electrons between the ionization element and counter-electrode to take place in front of the ionization element, viewed in the flow direction. The sharp contour of the rear edge promotes the desired ionization. In addition, an advantageous flow behavior of the gas flow can be adjusted by the electrode plate connected upstream of the ionization element. For example, the counter-electrode can be positioned in such a way that the particles are exposed to the ionization for a long time and thus an efficient ionization takes place. The direction of the gas flow and the particles is preferably aligned and/or calmed by the electrode plate. For example, a turbulent gas flow can be converted into a directed gas flow by flowing around the electrode plate. The gas flow and the particles preferably do not experience any turbulence. The configuration can also prevent stagnation points.

Staupunkte sind Punkte, an denen sich strömungsbedingt Partikel ablagern, weil es im Staupunkt keine Luftbewegung gibt. Ein weiterer Vorteil ist die einfache Ausgestaltung der Gegenelektrode auf der Basis von Platten oder Blechen, wodurch eine kostengĂ¼nstige Herstellung des Filters realisiert werden kann.Stagnation points are points at which flow-related particles are deposited because there is no air movement in the stagnation point. A further advantage is the simple design of the counter-electrode on the basis of plates or metal sheets, as a result of which the filter can be manufactured at low cost.

Die hintere Kante der Elektrodenplatte ist bevorzugt Ă¼ber ihre gesamte Länge vor dem lonisierungselement angeordnet. Es ist aber auch denkbar, dass die hintere Kante nur abschnittsweise vor dem lonisierungelement angeordnet ist.The rear edge of the electrode plate is preferably arranged in front of the ionization element over its entire length. However, it is also conceivable that the rear edge is only partially arranged in front of the ionization element.

ErfindungsgemĂ¤ĂŸ ist vorgesehen, dass die hintere Kante der Elektrodenplatte parallel zur Längsachse des lonisierungselements verläuft. Somit kann Ă¼ber die gesamte Länge des lonisierungselements ein gleichbleibender Abstand zur hinteren Kante der Elektrodenplatte eingestellt werden. Dadurch lässt sich eine kontinuierliche und effiziente Ionisation Ă¼ber die gesamte Länge des lonisierungselements erzielen.According to the invention, it is provided that the rear edge of the electrode plate runs parallel to the longitudinal axis of the ionization element. A constant distance from the rear edge of the electrode plate can thus be set over the entire length of the ionization element. This enables continuous and efficient ionization to be achieved over the entire length of the ionization element.

Nach einer Ausgestaltung weist die Gegenelektrode wenigstens zwei Elektrodenplatten auf, deren hintere Kanten jeweils vor dem lonisierungselement angeordnet sind und zumindest in einer Ebene senkrecht zur Längsachse des lonisierungselements den gleichen Abstand zum lonisierungselement aufweisen. Aufgrund des gleichen Abstands stellen sich zwischen dem lonisierungselement und den wenigstens zwei Elektrodenplatten gleiche Randbedingungen fĂ¼r die Interaktion zwischen lonisierungselement und den Elektrodenplatten ein. Ist dieser Abstand optimal eingestellt, ergibt sich eine besonders effektive Ionisation. Soweit die hinteren Kanten der Elektrodenplatten parallel zur Längsachse des lonisierungselements verlaufen, liegen die hinteren Kanten auf der Mantelfläche eines imaginären Zylinders, dessen Mittelachse mit der Längsachse des lonisierungselements zusammenfällt.According to one embodiment, the counter-electrode has at least two electrode plates, the rear edges of which are each arranged in front of the ionization element and are at the same distance from the ionization element at least in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the ionization element. Due to the same distance, the same boundary conditions for the interaction between the ionization element and the electrode plates are established between the ionization element and the at least two electrode plates. If this distance is set optimally, a particularly effective ionization results. To the extent that the rear edges of the electrode plates run parallel to the longitudinal axis of the ionization element, the rear edges lie on the lateral surface of an imaginary cylinder whose central axis coincides with the longitudinal axis of the ionization element.

Das Erfordernis des gleichen Abstands soll erfĂ¼llt sein, wenn der Abstand der hinteren Kante der einen Elektrodenplatte nicht mehr als 2 mm von dem Abstand der hinteren Kante der anderen Elektrodenplatte differiert. In einem AusfĂ¼hrungsbeispiel der Erfindung differieren die entsprechenden Abstände maximal 1 mm voneinander. Soweit im Folgenden von einer Gleichheit von Abständen jeweils zum lonisierungselement ausgegangen wird, soll eine solche Gleichheit bestehen, wenn die Werte um maximal 2 mm differieren.The requirement of the same distance is said to be met if the distance between the rear edge of one electrode plate does not differ by more than 2 mm from the distance between the rear edge of the other electrode plate. in one Embodiment of the invention, the corresponding distances differ from each other by a maximum of 1 mm. Insofar as it is assumed below that the distances to the ionization element are the same, such equality should exist if the values differ by a maximum of 2 mm.

Die Abscheideeinheit weist erfindungsgemĂ¤ĂŸ mindestens eine Niederschlagsplatte mit einer in Anströmungsrichtung vorderen Kante und einer hinteren Kante sowie mindestens eine Zwischenplatte auf, die sich parallel zur Niederschlagsplatte erstreckt. Bei angelegter Spannung stellt sich zwischen der Niederschlagsplatte und der Zwischenplatte ein elektrisches Feld ein, wodurch die zuvor in der Ionisierungseinheit ionisierten oder aufgeladenen Partikel von der Zwischenplatte abgestoĂŸen und von der Niederschlagsplatte angezogen werden. Die Partikel schlagen sich dabei auf der Niederschlagsplatte nieder und werden somit vom Gas- bzw. Luftstrom getrennt. Partikel, die sich an der Niederschlagsplatte niedergeschlagen haben, können durch beliebige Mechanismen abtransportiert werden. Vorzugsweise können dabei die Erdanziehung und dadurch entstehende Schwerkräfte genutzt werden. Beispielsweise können Partikel auf vertikal laufende Platten nach unten abtransportiert werden. ErfindungsgemĂ¤ĂŸ verlaufen die Längsachse des lonisierungselements, die Elektrodenplatte der Gegenelektrode und die Niederschlagsplatte der Abscheideeinheit parallel zueinander, bevorzugt in vertikaler Richtung, wenn sich der erfindungsgemĂ¤ĂŸe Filter in Einsatzlage befindet.According to the invention, the separating unit has at least one precipitation plate with a front edge and a rear edge in the inflow direction, as well as at least one intermediate plate which extends parallel to the precipitation plate. When voltage is applied, an electric field is set up between the precipitation plate and the intermediate plate, as a result of which the particles previously ionized or charged in the ionization unit are repelled by the intermediate plate and attracted by the precipitation plate. The particles are deposited on the precipitation plate and are thus separated from the gas or air flow. Particles that have settled on the precipitation plate can be transported away by any mechanism. Preferably, gravity and the resulting gravitational forces can be used. For example, particles can be transported downwards on vertically running plates. According to the invention, the longitudinal axis of the ionization element, the electrode plate of the counter-electrode and the precipitation plate of the separating unit run parallel to one another, preferably in the vertical direction, when the filter according to the invention is in the operational position.

Analog zu den Elektrodenplatten haben auch die Niederschlagsplatten die Zusatzfunktion, die Richtung des Gasstroms und der Partikel durch die Platte vozugeben. Die Elektrodenplatte und die Niederschlagsplatte können vorteilhafterweise aufeinander abgestimmt sein, indem sie beispielsweise in einer Ebene liegen und somit ein gutes Strömungsprofil bereitstellen. Des Weiteren kann am lonisierungselement entstandenes Ozon durch die Niederschlagsplatten abtransportiert bzw. abgebaut werden. Durch die Gestaltung als ebenes Blech lässt sich die Niederschlagsplatte besonders einfach reinigen. Auch ist es denkbar, fĂ¼r das Ozon und/oder fĂ¼r Partikel, die in der Abscheideeinheit nicht vom Gasstrom getrennt werden konnten bzw. nicht abgebaut werden konnten, eine nachgeschaltete Nachbehandlung vorzusehen. Diese kann den Einsatz eines Aktivkohlefilters umfassen. Auch Filtermedien aus Glasfasern können hier zum Einsatz kommen.Analogously to the electrode plates, the precipitation plates also have the additional function of specifying the direction of gas flow and particles through the plate. The electrode plate and the precipitation plate can advantageously be matched to one another, for example by lying in one plane and thus providing a good flow profile. Furthermore, ozone that has formed on the ionization element can be transported away or broken down by the precipitation plates. The precipitation plate is particularly easy to clean thanks to its flat sheet design. It is also conceivable for the ozone and/or for particles which could not or could not be separated from the gas flow in the separation unit could be dismantled to provide a downstream after-treatment. This can include the use of an activated carbon filter. Filter media made of glass fibers can also be used here.

Die Niederschlagsplatte weist die vordere Kante auf, die in Anströmungsrichtung gesehen hinter dem lonisierungselement angeordnet ist und deren Abstand zum lonisierungselement erfindungsgemĂ¤ĂŸ dem Abstand der hinteren Kante der Elektrodenplatte der Gegenelektrode zum lonisierungselement entspricht. Somit liegen die hintere Kante der Elektrodenplatte der Gegenelektrode und die vordere Kante der Niederschlagselektrode auf dem Umfang eines Kreises, dessen Mittelpunkt mit der Längsachse des lonisierungselements zusammenfällt und dessen Radius dem Abstand entspricht. Die Niederschlagsplatte dient daher nicht nur zur Abscheidung der Partikel aus dem Gasstrom, sondern kann auch zur Ionisation der Partikel beitragen.The precipitation plate has the front edge, which is arranged behind the ionization element as seen in the inflow direction and whose distance from the ionization element corresponds according to the invention to the distance from the rear edge of the electrode plate of the counter-electrode to the ionization element. Thus, the rear edge of the electrode plate of the counter-electrode and the front edge of the collecting electrode lie on the circumference of a circle whose center coincides with the longitudinal axis of the ionization element and whose radius corresponds to the distance. The precipitation plate is therefore not only used to separate the particles from the gas flow, but can also contribute to the ionization of the particles.

Nach einer weiteren Ausgestaltung weist die Abscheideeinheit wenigstens zwei Niederschlagsplatten (beispielsweise 2, 3 oder 4 Niederschlagsplatten) auf, deren vordere Kanten den gleichen Abstand zum lonisierungselement haben.According to a further embodiment, the separating unit has at least two precipitation plates (for example 2, 3 or 4 precipitation plates), the front edges of which are at the same distance from the ionization element.

Neben der wenigstens einen Elektrodenplatte kann die Gegenelektrode wenigstens eine Zusatzelektrodenplatte umfassen, die parallel zur Anströmungsrichtung verläuft und eine vordere Kante und eine hintere Kante aufweist, wobei die hintere Kante der Zusatzelektrodenplatte in Anströmungsrichtung gesehen hinter dem lonisierungselement oder auf gleicher Höhe mit dem lonisierungselement positioniert ist. Wenn sich die hintere Kante auf gleicher Höhe mit dem lonisierungselement befindet, liegen die hintere Kante und das lonisierungselement in einer gleichen Ebene, die sich senkrecht zur Anströmrichtung erstreckt. Vorzugsweise verläuft die hintere Kante der Zusatzelektrodenplatte parallel zur Längsachse des Ionisierungselements.In addition to the at least one electrode plate, the counter-electrode can include at least one additional electrode plate, which runs parallel to the direction of flow and has a front edge and a rear edge, with the rear edge of the additional electrode plate being positioned behind the ionization element or at the same height as the ionization element, viewed in the direction of flow. If the trailing edge is at the same height as the ionization element, the trailing edge and the ionization element lie in the same plane, which extends perpendicularly to the inflow direction. The rear edge of the additional electrode plate preferably runs parallel to the longitudinal axis of the ionization element.

Nach einem AusfĂ¼hrungsbeispiel der Erfindung weist die Gegenelektrode mindestens zwei Zusatzelektrodenplatten auf, wobei das Verhältnis eines Abstands der zwei Zusatzelektrodenplatten zum Abstand zwischen dem lonisierungselement und der hinteren Kante der Elektrodenplatte 1,5 bis 2,5, vorzugsweise 1,8 bis 2,2 beträgt. Weist die Gegenelektrode mehr als zwei Zusatzelektrodenplatten auf, so handelt es sich bei dem hier beschriebenen Abstand um den Abstand zwischen zwei benachbarten Zusatzelektrodenplatten. Es hat sich herausgestellt, dass bei dem obigen Verhältnis sich eine kompakt bauende Ionisierungseinheit mit gutem Wirkungsgrad realisieren lässt.According to one embodiment of the invention, the counter-electrode has at least two additional electrode plates, the ratio of one The distance between the two additional electrode plates and the distance between the ionization element and the rear edge of the electrode plate is 1.5 to 2.5, preferably 1.8 to 2.2. If the counter-electrode has more than two additional electrode plates, the distance described here is the distance between two adjacent additional electrode plates. It has been found that with the above ratio, a compact ionization unit with good efficiency can be implemented.

Die Zusatzelektrodenplatte kann eine äuĂŸere Platte der Gegenelektrode ausbilden. Vorzugsweise sind zwei Zusatzelektrodenplatten vorgesehen, die jeweils eine äuĂŸere Platte bzw. eine AuĂŸenseite der Ionisierungseinheit bilden. Die äuĂŸeren Platten können dabei auch zur Abschirmung dienen, beispielsweise vor äuĂŸeren elektrischen Feldern und vor ungewollten Luftströmen oder Gegenständen, die an den AuĂŸenseiten in den Filter eindringen. Weiterhin können die äuĂŸeren Platten einen Austritt der geladenen Partikel aus dem Filter verhindern, noch bevor diese die Abscheideeinheit erreicht haben.The additional electrode plate can form an outer plate of the counter electrode. Two additional electrode plates are preferably provided, each of which forms an outer plate or an outside of the ionization unit. The outer plates can also be used for shielding, for example against external electrical fields and against unwanted air currents or objects that penetrate the filter on the outside. Furthermore, the outer plates can prevent the charged particles from escaping from the filter before they have even reached the separation unit.

Nach einer weiteren Ausgestaltung ist die lonisierungseinheit mit einer Vielzahl von lonisierungselemente ausgerĂ¼stet, beispielsweise 2 bis 20 und vorzugsweise 3 bis 10, die in Anströmungsrichtung gesehen auf gleicher Höhe angeordnet sein können, wobei jeweils zwischen zwei lonisierungselementen mindestens eine Zusatzelektrodenplatte der Gegenelektrode angeordnet ist.According to a further embodiment, the ionization unit is equipped with a large number of ionization elements, for example 2 to 20 and preferably 3 to 10, which can be arranged at the same height as seen in the direction of flow, with at least one additional electrode plate of the counter-electrode being arranged between each two ionization elements.

Nach einer weiteren Ausgestaltung weist die Elektrodenplatte der Gegenelektrode ein an der hinteren Kante entlang verlaufendes Kantenprofil auf. Das Kantenprofil kann als Sägezahnprofil, Wellenprofil oder Stufenprofil ausgeprägt sein. Durch dieses Kantenprofil weist die hintere Kante mehrere scharfe exponierte Ecken und Spitzen auf, durch die die Ionisation begĂ¼nstigt wird.According to a further embodiment, the electrode plate of the counter-electrode has an edge profile running along the rear edge. The edge profile can be designed as a sawtooth profile, wave profile or stepped profile. This edge profile provides the trailing edge with several sharp, exposed corners and peaks that promote ionization.

Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann die Elektrodenplatte an der hinteren Kante spitzförmig zusammenlaufen. Auch dies fĂ¼hrt zu einer schärferen Ausprägung der hinteren Kante, was die Ionisation fördert. Nicht nur die hintere Kante der Elektrodenplatte, sondern auch die vordere Kante der Niederschlagsplatte der Abscheideeinheit kann die oben beschriebenen Kantenprofile und/oder die besagte Spitzförmigkeit aufweisen.Alternatively or additionally, the electrode plate can converge in a pointed shape at the rear edge. This also leads to a sharper expression the trailing edge, which promotes ionization. Not only the rear edge of the electrode plate, but also the front edge of the precipitation plate of the separating unit can have the edge profiles described above and/or the pointed shape mentioned.

Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Einzelheiten der Erfindung werden nachfolgend anhand von AusfĂ¼hrungsbeispielen und unter Bezugnahme auf die beigefĂ¼gten Zeichnungen erläutert. Es zeigen:

Figur 1:
ein AusfĂ¼hrungsbeispiel fĂ¼r einen nicht-erfindungsgemĂ¤ĂŸen Filter in einer Schnittdarstellung;
Figur 2:
einen weiteren nicht-erfindungsgemĂ¤ĂŸen Filter mit drei Ionisierungselementen;
Figur 3:
ein AusfĂ¼hrungsbeispiel fĂ¼r einen erfindungsgemĂ¤ĂŸen Filter mit einem gegenĂ¼ber Figur 1 und Figur 2 leicht geänderten Aufbau.
Further advantageous configurations and details of the invention are explained below using exemplary embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Show it:
Figure 1:
an embodiment of a filter not according to the invention in a sectional view;
Figure 2:
a further filter not according to the invention with three ionization elements;
Figure 3:
an embodiment of a filter according to the invention with a opposite figure 1 and figure 2 slightly modified structure.

Figur 1 zeigt in einer vereinfachten Schnittdarstellung in Teilen einen elektrostatischen Filter 1. Der Filter 1 umfasst eine Ionisierungseinheit 2 und eine Abscheideeinheit 3. Die Ionisierungseinheit 2 weist ein drahtförmiges lonisierungselement 4 auf, das sich entlang einer Längsachse 5 erstreckt. In der Darstellung der Figur 1 erstreckt sich das lonisierungselement 4 senkrecht zur Zeichenebene. Des Weiteren weist die Ionisierungseinheit 2 eine Gegenelektrode 6 auf, welche drei Elektrodenplatten 7 und zwei weitere Zusatzelektrodenplatten 8 aufweist. figure 1 1 shows parts of an electrostatic filter 1 in a simplified sectional view. The filter 1 comprises an ionization unit 2 and a separation unit 3. The ionization unit 2 has a wire-shaped ionization element 4 that extends along a longitudinal axis 5. In the representation of figure 1 the ionization element 4 extends perpendicularly to the plane of the drawing. Furthermore, the ionization unit 2 has a counter-electrode 6 which has three electrode plates 7 and two further additional electrode plates 8 .

Die Abscheideeinheit 3 weist drei Niederschlagsplatten 9 sowie zwei Zwischenplatten 10 auf, die zwischen zwei benachbarten Niederschlagsplatten angeordnet sind. Die Niederschlagsplatten 9 und die Zwischenplatten 10 sind in der Figur 1 nur bereichsweise und damit verkĂ¼rzt dargestellt.The separating unit 3 has three precipitation plates 9 and two intermediate plates 10 which are arranged between two adjacent precipitation plates. The precipitation plates 9 and the intermediate plates 10 are in the figure 1 shown only partially and therefore in a shortened form.

Das lonisierungselement 4 ist als runder oder im Wesentlichen runder SprĂ¼hdraht ausgebildet, dessen Durchmesser Werte von 0,1 bis 1 mm annehmen kann. Die Länge des lonisierungselements 4 kann in einem Bereich von 10 bis 90 cm, vorzugsweise von 15 und 70 cm, liegen. Eine Höhe des Filters 1 entspricht dabei in etwa der Länge des lonisierungselements 4 und liegt somit auch in einem Bereich von 10 bis 90 cm.The ionization element 4 is designed as a round or essentially round spray wire, the diameter of which is from 0.1 to 1 mm can accept. The length of the ionization element 4 can be in a range from 10 to 90 cm, preferably from 15 to 70 cm. A height of the filter 1 corresponds approximately to the length of the ionization element 4 and is therefore also in a range from 10 to 90 cm.

Eine Länge L des Filters 1 liegt vorzugsweise in einem Bereich von 10 bis 40 cm. Die in Figur 1 eingezeichnete Breite B kann Werte von 15 bis 60 mm annehmen. Da hier nur schematisch ein Ausschnitt des Filters 1 dargestellt ist und sich ein Filter aus einer Vielzahl dieser Ausschnitte zusammensetzen kann, kann die Breite des Filters ein Vielfaches von B betragen.A length L of the filter 1 is preferably in a range of 10 to 40 cm. In the figure 1 The width B shown can assume values of 15 to 60 mm. Since a section of the filter 1 is only shown schematically here and a filter can be composed of a large number of these sections, the width of the filter can be a multiple of B.

Die lonisierungseinheit 2 wird von einem Gasstrom 11 mit einer Anströmungsrichtung 12 angeströmt. Der Gasstrom 11 enthält dabei Partikel, die durch den Filter 1 abgeschieden werden sollen. Aufgrund der Anordnung der Platten des Filters 1 werden sowohl die lonisierungeinheit 2 und die Abscheideeinheit 3 von dem Gasstrom 11 ohne Richtungsänderung durchströmt. Entsprechend tritt der Gasstrom 11 zunächst in die Ionisierungseinheit 2 ein und strömt an den Elektrodenplatten 7 und Zusatzelektrodenplatten 8 vorbei. Die Elektrodenplatte 7 weist eine vordere Kante 13 und eine hintere Kante 14 auf. Zu erkennen ist, dass sowohl die vordere Kante 13 als auch die hintere Kante 14 der Elektrodenplatte 7 in Anströmungsrichtung 12 gesehen vor dem lonisierungselement 4 liegen. Die Kanten 13, 14 bzw. die Elektrodenplatten 7 in ihrer Gesamtheit befinden sich somit vor einer Ebene E, in der die Längsachse 5 des lonisierungselements 4 liegt und deren Erstreckung durch die strichpunktierte Linie in Figur 1 deutlich wird. Die Ebene E erstreckt sich dabei senkrecht zur Anströmungsrichtung 12. Die Ausdehnung der Elektrodenplatte 7 in Anströmungsrichtung 12 (Abstand zwischen vorderer Kante 13 und hinterer Kante 14) kann grĂ¶ĂŸer als 4 mm sein, vorzugsweise grĂ¶ĂŸer als 6 mm.A gas flow 11 with an inflow direction 12 flows against the ionization unit 2 . The gas flow 11 contains particles that are to be separated by the filter 1 . Due to the arrangement of the plates of the filter 1, the gas stream 11 flows through both the ionization unit 2 and the separation unit 3 without changing direction. Correspondingly, the gas flow 11 first enters the ionization unit 2 and flows past the electrode plates 7 and additional electrode plates 8 . The electrode plate 7 has a front edge 13 and a rear edge 14 . It can be seen that both the front edge 13 and the rear edge 14 of the electrode plate 7 lie in front of the ionization element 4 as viewed in the direction of flow 12 . The edges 13, 14 or the electrode plates 7 in their entirety are thus located in front of a plane E in which the longitudinal axis 5 of the ionization element 4 lies and whose extension is indicated by the dot-dash line in figure 1 becomes clear. The plane E extends perpendicularly to the direction of flow 12. The extent of the electrode plate 7 in the direction of flow 12 (distance between the front edge 13 and the rear edge 14) can be greater than 4 mm, preferably greater than 6 mm.

Weiter ist der Figur 1 zu entnehmen, dass die hinteren Kanten 14 der drei Elektrodenplatten 7 auf dem Umfang eines Kreises 15 liegen, dessen Mittelpunkt mit der Längsachse 5 des lonisierungselements 4 zusammenfällt und der einen Radius R aufweist. Der Radius R entspricht dabei einem Abstand zwischen der jeweiligen hinteren Kante 14 der Elektrodenplatte 7. Da die hinteren Kanten 14 zur Längsachse 5 parallel verlaufen sollen (die Elektrodenplatten 7 erstrecken sich einerseits zwischen vorderer Kante 13 und hintere Kante 14 und andererseits parallel zum lonisierungselement 4), liegen die hinteren Kanten 14 auf einer Mantelfläche eines Zylinders, dessen Mittelachse mit der Längsachse 5 des lonisierungselements 4 zusammenfällt.Next is the figure 1 it can be seen that the rear edges 14 of the three electrode plates 7 lie on the circumference of a circle 15 whose center coincides with the longitudinal axis 5 of the ionization element 4 and which has a radius R. The radius R corresponds to a distance between the respective rear edge 14 of the electrode plate 7. Since the rear edges 14 should run parallel to the longitudinal axis 5 (the electrode plates 7 extend on the one hand between the front edge 13 and rear edge 14 and on the other hand parallel to the ionization element 4), the rear edges 14 lie on top a lateral surface of a cylinder whose central axis coincides with the longitudinal axis 5 of the ionization element 4 .

Der Radius R bzw. der Abstand zwischen hinterer Kante 14 und dem lonisierungselement 4 beträgt vorzugsweise 8 bis 20 mm. In einem AusfĂ¼hrungsbeispiel beträgt der Radius R 12 bis 14 mm. Da der Kreis 15 die Zusatzelektrodenplatten 8 tangiert, ergibt sich daraus ein Abstand zwischen den Zusatzelektrodenplatten 8, der dem Durchmesser des Kreises 15 bzw. dem zweifachen des Radius R entspricht.The radius R or the distance between the rear edge 14 and the ionization element 4 is preferably 8 to 20 mm. In one embodiment, the radius R is 12 to 14 mm. Since the circle 15 touches the additional electrode plates 8, this results in a distance between the additional electrode plates 8 which corresponds to the diameter of the circle 15 or twice the radius R.

Eine vordere Kante der Zusatzelektrode 8 ist mit 16 bezeichnet, während eine hintere Kante der Zusatzelektrode 8 durch das Bezugszeichen 17 gekennzeichnet ist. Im Gegensatz zu den Elektrodenplatten 7, deren hintere Kanten 14 vor dem lonisierungselement 4 bzw. vor der Ebene E liegen, liegt die hintere Kante 17 der Zusatzelektrodenplatte 8 hinter dem lonisierungselement 4 bzw. hinter der Ebene E.A front edge of the additional electrode 8 is denoted by 16 , while a rear edge of the additional electrode 8 is denoted by reference number 17 . In contrast to the electrode plates 7, whose rear edges 14 are in front of the ionization element 4 or in front of the plane E, the rear edge 17 of the additional electrode plate 8 is behind the ionization element 4 or behind the plane E.

Die Niederschlagsplatte 9 weist eine vordere Kante 19 und eine hintere Kante 20 auf, wobei im Fall der auĂŸen liegenden Niederschlagsplatten die vordere Kante 19 der hinteren Kante 17 der beiden Zusatzelektrodenplatten 8 gegenĂ¼bersteht. Zwischen hinterer Kante 17 der Zusatzelektrodenplatte 8 und der vorderen Kante der auĂŸenliegenden Niederschlagselektrode 9 verbleibt ein kleiner Spalt 21, der wenige Millimeter (beispielsweise 2 bis 4 mm) betragen kann. Alternativ kann auch vorgesehen sein, dass der Spalt 21 nicht gegeben ist. In diesem Fall können die Zusatzelektrodenplatte 8 und die äuĂŸere Niederschlagsplatte 9 einstĂ¼ckig ausgebildet sein.The precipitation plate 9 has a front edge 19 and a rear edge 20, with the front edge 19 facing the rear edge 17 of the two additional electrode plates 8 in the case of the precipitation plates lying on the outside. A small gap 21 of a few millimeters (for example 2 to 4 mm) remains between the rear edge 17 of the additional electrode plate 8 and the front edge of the collecting electrode 9 lying on the outside. Alternatively it can also be provided that the gap 21 does not exist. In this case, the auxiliary electrode plate 8 and the outer precipitating plate 9 may be integrally formed.

Die vorderen Kanten 19 aller drei Niederschlagsplatten 9 liegen auf gleicher Höhe bzw. in einer gemeinsamen Ebene, die zur Ebene E des lonisierungselements 4 beabstandet ist. Die Abstände der vorderen Kanten 19 zu dem lonisierungselement 4 sind dabei grĂ¶ĂŸer als der Radius R.The front edges 19 of all three precipitation plates 9 are at the same height or in a common plane, which is to the plane E of the ionization element 4 is spaced. The distances between the front edges 19 and the ionization element 4 are greater than the radius R.

Eine vordere Kante 18 der Zwischenplatte 10 ist gegenĂ¼ber der vorderen Kante 19 der Niederschlagsplatten leicht zurĂ¼ckgezogen. Es ist auch möglich, dass die vordere Kante der Zwischenplatte 10 auf gleicher Höhe liegt wie die vordere Kante 19 der Niederschlagsplatten 9.A front edge 18 of the intermediate plate 10 is slightly recessed from the front edge 19 of the precipitation plates. It is also possible that the front edge of the intermediate plate 10 is at the same level as the front edge 19 of the precipitation plates 9.

Ein Abstand A zwischen zwei benachbarten Elektrodenplatten 7 entspricht im Wesentlichen einem Abstand Z zwischen einer Niederschlagsplatte 9 und einer Zusatzplatte 10. Ein Abstand Al zwischen einer Elektrodenplatte 7 und einer Zusatzelektrodenplatte 8 entspricht ebenfalls dem Abstand Z. FĂ¼r einen symmetrischen Aufbau des Filters 1 ergeben sich in einem bevorzugten AusfĂ¼hrungsbeispiel wie in Figur 1 dargestellt immer jeweils gleiche (+/- 1 mm) oder exakt gleiche Abstände A, Al und Z zwischen benachbarten Platten 7, 8, 9, 10. Bevorzugt nehmen die Abstände A, Al und Z Werte zwischen 5 und 7 mm an. Eine Plattendicke D fĂ¼r die Zusatzelektrodenplatte 8 kann in einem Bereich von 0,5 bis 2 mm liegen, wobei eine bevorzugte Plattendicke D 0,8 bis 1,2 mm beträgt. Die Werte fĂ¼r die Plattendicke D können auch Anwendung finden fĂ¼r die Ă¼brigen Platten 7, 9, 10 des Filters 1, wobei alle verwendeten Platten in einem bevorzugten AusfĂ¼hrungsbeispiel eine jeweils gleiche Plattendicke D aufweisen.A distance A between two adjacent electrode plates 7 essentially corresponds to a distance Z between a precipitation plate 9 and an additional plate 10. A distance A l between an electrode plate 7 and an additional electrode plate 8 also corresponds to the distance Z. For a symmetrical structure of the filter 1 results in a preferred embodiment as in figure 1 always shown the same (+/−1 mm) or exactly the same distances A, A 1 and Z between adjacent plates 7, 8, 9, 10. The distances A, A 1 and Z preferably assume values between 5 and 7 mm. A plate thickness D for the auxiliary electrode plate 8 can be in a range of 0.5 to 2 mm, with a preferred plate thickness D being 0.8 to 1.2 mm. The values for the plate thickness D can also be used for the other plates 7, 9, 10 of the filter 1, all plates used having the same plate thickness D in a preferred embodiment.

Es sei darauf hingewiesen, dass alternativ die hinteren Kanten 14 der Elektrodenplatten 7 auch in einer gemeinsamen Ebene liegen können, die parallel zur Ebene E ausgerichtet ist. In diesem Fall hätten die einzelnen hinteren Kanten 14 keinen gleichen Abstand zum lonisierungselement 4.It should be pointed out that, alternatively, the rear edges 14 of the electrode plates 7 can also lie in a common plane which is aligned parallel to the plane E. In this case, the individual rear edges 14 would not be at the same distance from the ionization element 4.

Die Elektrodenplatten 7 sowie die Zusatzelektrodenplatten 8 sind geerdet, während an dem lonisierungselement eine Spannung anliegt. Die Niederschlagsplatten sind ebenfalls geerdet, wobei die Zwischenplatten ebenfalls mit einer Spannung beaufschlagt sind.The electrode plates 7 and the additional electrode plates 8 are grounded, while a voltage is applied to the ionization element. The precipitation plates are also grounded, with the intermediate plates also being subjected to a voltage.

Es sei darauf hingewiesen, dass die oben angegebenen Wertebereiche fĂ¼r bevorzugte MaĂŸe, Abstände, GrĂ¶ĂŸen etc. sich auf einen Filter beziehen, der als dezentraler Filter eingesetzt wird. Wird der erfindungsgemĂ¤ĂŸe Filter in zentralen GroĂŸanlagen mit sehr groĂŸen Gasströmen eingesetzt, können die entsprechenden MaĂŸe, Abstände, GrĂ¶ĂŸen etc. um ein Vielfaches grĂ¶ĂŸer sein. Beispielsweise kann es sich bei dem lonisierungselement auch um einen Stab mit vorzugsweise kreisrundem Querschnitt handeln, dessen Durchmesser grĂ¶ĂŸer als 1 oder 2 mm ist.It should be noted that the value ranges given above for preferred dimensions, distances, sizes etc. relate to a filter which is used as a decentralized filter. If the filter according to the invention is used in large, central systems with very large gas flows, the corresponding dimensions, distances, sizes, etc. can be many times larger. For example, the ionization element can also be a rod with a preferably circular cross-section, the diameter of which is greater than 1 or 2 mm.

Figur 2 zeigt schematisch einen weiteren Filter 1, wobei sich der hier gezeigte Filter 1 aus drei Filter(-Einheiten) gemĂ¤ĂŸ Figur 1 zusammensetzt. Bauteile oder Merkmale in Figur 2, die zu Bauteilen oder Merkmalen in Figur 1 identisch oder ähnlich sind, werden mit gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen. figure 2 shows schematically another filter 1, the filter 1 shown here consisting of three filters (units) according to FIG figure 1 composed. components or features in figure 2 , belonging to components or characteristics in figure 1 are identical or similar are provided with the same reference numerals.

Die Längsachsen 5 der drei lonisierungselemente 4 liegen in der gleichen Ebene E und verlaufen parallel zueinander. Durch das Aneinanderreihen von mehreren Filter(-Einheiten) lässt sich die Breite B des Filters 1 nahezu beliebig variieren, ohne dass die Abstände zwischen benachbarten Platten oder die Abstände zwischen lonisierungselementen und vorderer/hinterer Kanten der Platten geändert werden mĂ¼ssen. Zu beachten ist, dass zwei angrenzende Filter(-Einheiten) eine gemeinsame Zusatzelektrodenplatte 8 aufweisen. Bei einem Filter, der n lonisierungselemente 4 aufweist, werden somit nur n+1 Zusatzelektrodenplatten benötigt.The longitudinal axes 5 of the three ionization elements 4 lie in the same plane E and run parallel to one another. By arranging several filters (units) in a row, the width B of the filter 1 can be varied almost at will without having to change the distances between adjacent plates or the distances between ionization elements and the front/rear edges of the plates. It should be noted that two adjacent filters (units) have a common auxiliary electrode plate 8 . In the case of a filter which has n ionization elements 4, only n+1 additional electrode plates are therefore required.

Figur 3 zeigt ein AusfĂ¼hrungsbeispiel der Erfindung, wobei hinsichtlich Gemeinsamkeiten zum Filter der Figur 1 auf die entsprechende Figurenbeschreibung verwiesen wird. Im Folgenden wird im Wesentlichen nur auf die Unterschiede zum Filter 1der Figur 1 hingewiesen. figure 3 shows an embodiment of the invention, with regard to commonalities to the filter figure 1 reference is made to the corresponding figure description. In the following, only the differences to the filter 1der figure 1 pointed out.

Im Gegensatz zum Filter 1 der Figur 1 liegt der Spalt 21 zwischen der hinteren Kante 17 der Zusatzelektrodenplatte 8 und der vorderen Kante 19 der auĂŸen liegenden Niederschlagsplatte 9 in etwa in der Ebene E des lonisierungselements 4. Dies fĂ¼hrt dazu, dass auch die hinteren Kanten 17 der Zusatzelektrodenplatten 8 und auch die vorderen Kanten 19 der äuĂŸeren Niederschlagsplatten 9 zumindest näherungsweise auf dem Umfang des Kreises 15 liegen. Zudem liegt auch die vordere Kante 19 der mittleren Niederschlagsplatte 9 nun auf dem Kreis 15. Dies bedeutet, dass alle die dem Ionisierungselement 4 zugewandten Kanten der Platten, die geerdet sind, zum lonisierungselement 4 den gleichen oder in etwa den gleichen Abstand aufweisen. Dies fĂ¼hrt zu einer besonders intensiven Ionisierung der Partikel, die entlang der Anströmungsrichtung 12 durch den Filter 1 strömen.In contrast to the filter 1 of the figure 1 the gap 21 is between the rear edge 17 of the additional electrode plate 8 and the front edge 19 of the outer precipitation plate 9 approximately in the plane E of the ionization element 4. This means that the rear edges 17 of the Additional electrode plates 8 and also the front edges 19 of the outer precipitation plates 9 are at least approximately on the circumference of the circle 15. In addition, the front edge 19 of the central precipitation plate 9 now also lies on the circle 15. This means that all the edges of the plates that face the ionization element 4 and are grounded are at the same or approximately the same distance from the ionization element 4. This leads to a particularly intensive ionization of the particles that flow through the filter 1 along the inflow direction 12 .

BezugszeichenlisteReference List

11
Filterfilter
22
Ionisierungseinheitionization unit
33
Abscheideeinheitseparation unit
44
Ionisierungselementionization element
55
Längsachselongitudinal axis
66
Gegenelektrodecounter electrode
77
Elektrodenplatteelectrode plate
88th
Zusatzelektrodenplatteadditional electrode plate
99
Niederschlagsplatteprecipitation plate
1010
Zwischenplatteintermediate plate
1111
Gasstromgas flow
1212
Anströmungsrichtungflow direction
1313
vordere Kantefront edge
1414
hintere Kanteback edge
1515
KreisCircle
1616
vordere Kantefront edge
1717
hintere Kanteback edge
1818
vordere Kantefront edge
1919
vordere Kantefront edge
2020
hintere Kanteback edge
2121
Spaltgap

Claims (9)

  1. Electrostatic filter (1) for cleaning a gas flow (11) with an ionising unit (2) and a separating unit (3), wherein during operation of the filter (1) the gas flow (11) flows along an inflow direction (12) through the ionising unit (2), wherein for generating an electrical field, the ionising unit (2) has an ionising element (4) extending along a longitudinal axis (5) and a counter electrode (6), in order to ionise particles present in the gas flow (11), wherein the longitudinal axis (5) of the ionising element (4) stands substantially orthogonally to the inflow direction (12), wherein the counter electrode (6) has at least one electrode plate (7) which extends substantially parallel to the inflow direction (12) of the gas flow (11), wherein a voltage can be applied between the ionising element (4) and the at least one electrode plate (7), such that an electrical field results, characterised in that the electrode plate (7), viewed in inflow direction (12) has a front edge (13) and a rear edge (14) which are positioned in front of the ionising element (4) viewed in inflow direction (12), wherein the separating unit (3) has at least one deposition plate (9) and at least one intermediate plate (10) which extends substantially parallel to the deposition plate (9), wherein when a voltage is applied between the deposition plate (9) and the intermediate plate (10) an electrical field is generated between the deposition plate (9) and the intermediate plate (10), wherein the deposition plate (9), viewed in inflow direction (12), has a front edge (19), the distance of which to the ionising element (4) is equal to the spacing of the rear edge (14) of the electrode plate (7) of the counter electrode (6) to the ionising element, wherein the rear edge (14) of the electrode plate (7) runs parallel to the longitudinal axis (5) of the ionising element (4), and wherein the longitudinal axis (5) of the ionising element (4), the electrode plate (7) of the counter electrode and the deposition plate (9) of the separating unit (3) run parallel to one another.
  2. Electrostatic filter (1) according to claim 1, characterised in that the counter electrode (6) has at least two electrode plates (7), the rear edges (14) of which have the same distance to the ionising element (4).
  3. Electrostatic filter (1) according to claim 2, characterised in that the separating unit (3) has at least two deposition plates (9), the front edges (19) of which have the same distance to the ionising element (4).
  4. Electrostatic filter (1) according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the counter electrode (6) comprises at least one additional electrode plate (8) which runs parallel to the inflow direction (12) and has a front edge (16) and the rear edge (17), wherein the rear edge (17) of the additional electrode plate (8), viewed in inflow direction (12) is positioned behind the ionising element (4) or on the same level as the ionising element (4).
  5. Electrostatic filter (1) according to claim 4, characterised in that the rear edge (17) of the additional electro plate (8) runs parallel to the longitudinal axis (5) of the ionising element (4).
  6. Electrostatic filter (1) according to claim 4 or 5, characterised in that the counter electrode (6) has at least two additional electrode plates (8), wherein a ratio of a distance between the two additional electrode plates (8) to the distance between the ionising element (4) and the rear edge (14) of the electrode plate (7) is 1.5 to 2.5, preferably 1.8 to 2.2.
  7. Electrostatic filter (1) according to claim 5 or 6 characterised in that the additional electrode plate (8) forms an outer plate of the counter electrode (6).
  8. Electrostatic filter (1) according to any of claims 4 to 7, characterised in that the ionising unit (2) is equipped with a multiplicity of ionising elements (4) which are arranged in a plane (E) perpendicular to the inflow direction (12), wherein in each case the additional electric plate (8) of the counter electrode (6) is arranged between two adjacent ionising elements (4).
  9. Electrostatic filter (1) according to any of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the electric plate (7) tapers off to a point at the rear edge (14).
EP20207187.4A 2020-11-12 2020-11-12 Filter for cleaning a gas flow Active EP4000738B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20207187.4A EP4000738B1 (en) 2020-11-12 2020-11-12 Filter for cleaning a gas flow

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20207187.4A EP4000738B1 (en) 2020-11-12 2020-11-12 Filter for cleaning a gas flow

Publications (2)

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EP4000738A1 EP4000738A1 (en) 2022-05-25
EP4000738B1 true EP4000738B1 (en) 2022-11-02

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ID=73401387

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20207187.4A Active EP4000738B1 (en) 2020-11-12 2020-11-12 Filter for cleaning a gas flow

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EP (1) EP4000738B1 (en)

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1073901A (en) * 1964-09-14 1967-06-28 Hitachi Ltd Electrostatic precipitator
JPS60187358A (en) * 1984-03-05 1985-09-24 Sanden Corp Air purifier
JPS60187357A (en) * 1984-03-07 1985-09-24 Sanden Corp Air purifier
JPH0884939A (en) * 1994-09-14 1996-04-02 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd Air cleaner
ATE519542T1 (en) 2008-03-28 2011-08-15 Isi Ind Produkte Gmbh IONIZATION ELEMENT AND ELECTROSTATIC FILTER
DE102017214495A1 (en) 2017-08-21 2019-02-21 BSH Hausgeräte GmbH Filter unit for air cleaning device and air cleaning device

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EP4000738A1 (en) 2022-05-25

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