EP3992073B1 - Extending device for a submarine - Google Patents
Extending device for a submarine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3992073B1 EP3992073B1 EP20204708.0A EP20204708A EP3992073B1 EP 3992073 B1 EP3992073 B1 EP 3992073B1 EP 20204708 A EP20204708 A EP 20204708A EP 3992073 B1 EP3992073 B1 EP 3992073B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- casing
- shell
- extension device
- mast
- concerning
- Prior art date
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
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- 239000004918 carbon fiber reinforced polymer Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 210000003135 vibrissae Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63G—OFFENSIVE OR DEFENSIVE ARRANGEMENTS ON VESSELS; MINE-LAYING; MINE-SWEEPING; SUBMARINES; AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
- B63G8/00—Underwater vessels, e.g. submarines; Equipment specially adapted therefor
- B63G8/28—Arrangement of offensive or defensive equipment
- B63G8/34—Camouflage
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63G—OFFENSIVE OR DEFENSIVE ARRANGEMENTS ON VESSELS; MINE-LAYING; MINE-SWEEPING; SUBMARINES; AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
- B63G8/00—Underwater vessels, e.g. submarines; Equipment specially adapted therefor
- B63G8/04—Superstructure
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63G—OFFENSIVE OR DEFENSIVE ARRANGEMENTS ON VESSELS; MINE-LAYING; MINE-SWEEPING; SUBMARINES; AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
- B63G8/00—Underwater vessels, e.g. submarines; Equipment specially adapted therefor
- B63G8/38—Arrangement of visual or electronic watch equipment, e.g. of periscopes, of radar
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63G—OFFENSIVE OR DEFENSIVE ARRANGEMENTS ON VESSELS; MINE-LAYING; MINE-SWEEPING; SUBMARINES; AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
- B63G8/00—Underwater vessels, e.g. submarines; Equipment specially adapted therefor
- B63G8/04—Superstructure
- B63G8/06—Conning-towers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63G—OFFENSIVE OR DEFENSIVE ARRANGEMENTS ON VESSELS; MINE-LAYING; MINE-SWEEPING; SUBMARINES; AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
- B63G8/00—Underwater vessels, e.g. submarines; Equipment specially adapted therefor
- B63G8/36—Adaptations of ventilation, e.g. schnorkels, cooling, heating, or air-conditioning
Definitions
- the invention relates to an extension device for a submarine and a submarine with such an extension device.
- Extension devices represent the basis of a mast system or mast and, in addition to the mast, also have a drive and a guide arrangement for extending the mast.
- An extension device can be used as a platform for various sensors, antennas, equipment, weapons and other devices and is usually arranged in the area of a tower of the submarine. Since the extension device protrudes from the submarine in the vertical direction in an extended state, it can basically be detected by means of radar or other detection methods. The detectability depends on the reflection and absorption behavior of the extension device with regard to radar radiation.
- EP 1 357 024 A1 describes an extension device according to the preamble of claim 1.
- the object of the present invention is to create an extension device that has the smallest possible radar cross-section with the lowest possible integration effort and conventional usability of the extension device.
- extension device having the features specified in claim 1 .
- Advantageous configurations of the extension device result from the subclaims, the following description and the drawings, with those specified in the subclaims and the description Characteristics are each applicable but also in a suitable combination.
- An extension device for a submarine comprising a mast, a first shell and a second shell, the first shell and the second shell surrounding the mast, the first shell enclosing at least part of the second shell, the first shell for a detection wave is transparent and comprises a first composite fiber material, the second shell being impervious to the detection wave and comprising a second composite fiber material, the second shell having a second surface facing the first shell having a plurality of contiguous and cross-sectionally zigzag angled to each other standing, rectilinear sections for reflecting the detection wave to reduce the radar cross section, and wherein the first shell has a first surface facing away from the second shell, which follows the shape of the second surface in a wavy manner.
- the extension device thus has a mast surrounded by an assembly of two shells.
- the first shell is an outer shell that is in direct contact with the environment of the extension device when the mast is extended.
- the second shell is an inner shell and faces directly the mast. It is at least partially and preferably completely enclosed by the first shell and is consequently shielded from water and air flow and other mechanical influences. Furthermore, the first shell at least partially and preferably completely encloses the mast, whereby a sensor arranged on the mast or other piece of equipment can lie outside both shells.
- the second shell does not necessarily have to touch the mast, but can have a certain distance from it. Since the first shell for detection waves is transparent, one on the detection wave directed by the arrangement of the sheaths pass through the first sheath and impinge on the second sheath. There it is reflected.
- the first shell is not decisive for the formation of a radar signature and can therefore be optimized largely independently according to flow-mechanical aspects.
- the second shell is adapted to reduce the radar cross section and reflects detection waves obliquely to the direction of incidence and thus in a direction outside the receiver range.
- the second shell is formed in a zigzag shape on its second surface facing the first shell, i.e. outwards. This means that individual sections that are straight in cross section are provided, which adjoin other sections of the second surface that are straight in cross section. The respective orientation of the individual sections changes alternately over the entire surface of the second shell.
- the sections are preferably each angled around a local axis that runs transversely to a vertical axis of the mast.
- the second fiber composite material is selected for reliable reflection of detection waves and could include carbon fibers, among other things. The reflection takes place on the second surface.
- the first fiber composite material and the second fiber composite material can also be designed differently due to the separation of functions.
- the second shell has, in particular, electrically conductive elements that lead to the reflection of the detection wave.
- the first shell is designed in particular without conductive elements and could have plastics with a reinforcement of glass fibers or other high-tensile, non-conductive elements in order to reliably ensure the entry of detection waves.
- the first casing is of corrugated design. This means that in the course of the surface wave crests and wave troughs continuously connect to each other.
- the outer surface of the first shell is preferably free of steps, edges and kinks or other features that can be detected by radar. Particularly preferably, the outer surface does not have any flat surface sections, but is preferably continuously curved.
- the wavy shape of the first shell follows the zigzag structure of the second shell, so that wave crests formed in the first surface lie on connecting edges of two consecutive segments of the second surface facing away from the mast and wave troughs lie on connecting edges of two segments of the second surface facing the mast.
- the first shell thus generally follows the structure of the second shell, but its course is rounded to form the waveform.
- the mast generally has a round cross section
- the arrangement of the first and second shells to run rotationally symmetrically around the vertical axis of the mast.
- the sections of the second shell that run in a straight line in cross section thus form cone section surfaces which adjoin one another along the vertical axis and widen or narrow in alternating directions.
- the form of the retractable device determined by the first shell then resembles that of a vibrissa (a tactile hair) of a seal, which has a particularly favorable flow behavior in the water, which is advantageously used for the retractable device according to the invention.
- the first fiber composite material is GRP.
- GRP glass fiber reinforced plastic
- GRP is suitable for the realization of the first shell, since this material is transparent to detection waves.
- GRP is inexpensive and can be shaped very flexibly.
- the second fiber composite material particularly preferably has a matrix material with carbon allotropes embedded therein.
- the carbon allotropes can include carbon fibers, graphene, carbon nanotubes, or others that can be embedded in a matrix material.
- the carbon allotropes in the form of mats or fabrics are arranged to follow the second surface in parallel to cause the desired reflective behavior.
- the rectilinear sections and a vertical axis of the mast enclose a first angle to one another that is in a range of 5°-15°. If the second shell is designed to encircle the vertical axis of the mast, the spanned cone section surfaces thereby each taper by 5°-15° or widen by 5°-15°. In this way, the detection waves can be reliably reflected in a direction facing away from the source of the detection wave, without a particularly high radial volume of installation space being necessary.
- two consecutive sections of the second surface enclose an angle of 150° to 170° to one another.
- the zigzag structure is formed in that the sections enclose such an angle in pairs.
- the angle of 150°-170° always refers to the smaller angle between two sections, i.e. the obtuse angle measured mutually on a side facing towards the mast (under a wave crest) or away from it (under a wave trough).
- first shell and the second shell could lie flush on one another.
- a mast-facing inner surface of the first shell is thus in face-to-face contact with the second surface of the second shell. Both cases could be glued together, resulting in an integral component.
- the first shell could obtain its wavy shape through a specific thickness progression, so that the first shell follows the sharp connecting edges of adjacent sections of the second surface on the inside, but is always rounded off on the outside by continuously adapted local thicknesses.
- the first shell and the second shell are preferably connected to one another.
- the connection could be made by gluing, for example. Both cases could be manufactured separately and then glued together.
- the second surface of the second shell which is decisive for the reflection behavior, could be draped and cured in a corresponding, complementary shaped mold with a zigzag shape, for example.
- both surfaces of the first shell could be formed by contact with a molding tool, respectively, to produce a zigzag shape to match the second shell on the inner surface and a desired undulating shape on the outer surface. A large number of different methods are conceivable for this.
- the second shell is particularly preferably laminated onto the first shell.
- the first shell may be made on a mold having a surface corresponding to the second surface of the second shell. After the first shell has cured, the second shell could be laminated on in the form of one or a few layers of the second fiber reinforced plastic. Alternatively, it would be conceivable to first place the material of the second shell on a suitable mold in order to then attach the material of the first shell to it. Both shells can then be infiltrated and cured together with the matrix material. A separate manufacture of the second shell and the subsequent lamination of the first shell is also conceivable.
- the first shell and the second shell are designed as individual panels that can be attached to the mast.
- the individual panels can be easily replaced if damaged. There is therefore no need to replace the entire assembly of the two cases in the event of damage. A single panel could even be kept on board the submarine to replace a defective panel if necessary.
- the arrangement therefore particularly preferably consists of a large number of identical or similar panels, so that the variety of parts and consequently the need for parts to be stored is limited and a quicker and easier exchange is made possible.
- first shell and the second shell are each designed to be rotationally symmetrical about a vertical axis of the mast. Consequently, individual segments of the second surface of the second shell enclose horizontally arranged circular connecting edges, which are adjoined by corresponding circumferential wave crests or wave troughs in the first surface of the first shell.
- the invention also relates to a submarine, having a tower with an extension device arranged thereon according to the previous description.
- the extension device can be extended and retracted selectively and has a low radar cross-section.
- figure 1 shows a submarine 2 in a schematic representation.
- the submarine 2 has an outer skin 4 in which a turret 6 is formed at an upper side.
- an extension device 8 which, in the extended state, extends essentially vertically upwards from the tower 6 .
- the deployment device 8 can be extended and retracted and has a free end 10 which may carry a sensor (not shown) or other piece of equipment. It can also be seen that an outer shape of the extension device 8 has a wavy surface 12 .
- FIG 2 shows a detailed representation of the extension device 8, which is shown in figure 1 marked with "A". A part of the outer skin 4 can be seen there, over which the extension device 8 extends.
- the extension device 8 has a mast 14 which is shown by way of example as a hollow-cylindrical body and has a vertical axis 15 .
- the mast 14 is surrounded by an assembly of a first shell 16 and a second shell 18 . While the second shell 18 directly around the mast 14 around is arranged, the first shell 16 encloses the second shell 18.
- the first shell 16 and the second shell 18 are formed as a coherent, integral component by laminating the second shell 18 to an inner surface of the first shell 16 facing the mast 14 is.
- the second shell 18 has a multiplicity of rectilinear sections 20 which adjoin one another to form connecting edges 22 .
- the sections 20 are each set around the connecting edges 22 so that they run at an angle to the vertical axis 15 .
- successive sections 20 are set at the same angle in alternating directions, so that a zigzag-shaped surface structure is produced overall.
- two adjoining or consecutive sections 20 each enclose an angle a of 150° to 170° on alternate sides relative to the vertical axis 15 to one another.
- the second shell 18 is spaced somewhat from the mast 14 . It would be conceivable to equip the mast 14 with holding elements that carry the second shell 18 . A smaller or larger spacing or a flush arrangement of the connecting edges 22 pointing inwards on the mast 14 would also be conceivable.
- the second shell 18 consists of a fiber-reinforced plastic that has conductive elements. These reflect detection waves, for example from a radar system. Due to the zigzag structure, through which the sections 20 always enclose an angle of between 5° and 15° to a surface of the mast 14, horizontally arriving detection waves are reflected at an angle to the mast 14 so that they leave the receiver horizon.
- the conductive elements in the second Shell 18 could include carbon allotropes, such as carbon fibers.
- the first shell 16 follows the general shape of the second shell 18, but in doing so the terminal edges 22 are outwardly rounded.
- a material thickness d (see figure 3 ) of the first shell 16 may vary along the course of the second shell 18 for this purpose. This results in a perfectly harmonically curved first surface 24, which has an undulating shape. Wave crests continuously follow wave troughs. Connecting edges 22 pointing outwards are each covered by a wave crest, while connecting edges 22 pointing towards the mast 14 lie under a wave trough.
- Such a surface shape has a particularly favorable flow behavior, which leads to a reduction in flow resistance compared to other surface shapes.
- Such a surface form is known, for example, from seal vibrissae.
- a schematic, three-dimensional partial section is the 2 can also be seen, which indicates the spatial shape of the extension device 8.
- the first shell 16 is preferably completely transparent for detection waves.
- the first shell 16 and the second shell 18 can thus form a cladding that has GRP on its outside and CFRP on its inside.
- the part formed by GRP takes over the mechanical loads and has a corresponding stability.
- the part made of CFRP is only used to reflect radar waves and could be limited to one or just a few layers of material.
- figure 3 shows an in figure 2 Detail marked "B".
- the mast 14 and part of the first shell 16 and the second shell 18 can be seen here.
- a planar section 20 shown enlarged encloses an angle ⁇ of 5° to 15° to the mast 14 .
- the first shell 16 and the second shell 18 are flush with one another here and, as explained above, can be designed as a single, integral component.
- the material thickness d of the first shell 16 varies along the vertical axis 15 of the mast 14 in order to follow the connection edges 22 and at the same time to create a first surface 24 that is completely rounded in itself.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
- Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Ausfahrgerät für ein Unterseeboot sowie ein Unterseebot mit einem derartigen Ausfahrgerät.The invention relates to an extension device for a submarine and a submarine with such an extension device.
Ausfahrgeräte stellen die Basis eines Mastsystems oder Masts dar und weisen neben dem Mast auch einen Antrieb sowie eine Führungsanordnung zum Ausfahren des Masts auf. Ein Ausfahrgerät kann als Plattform für verschiedene Sensoren, Antennen, Ausrüstungsgegenstände, Waffen und andere Vorrichtungen Verwendung finden und ist üblicherweise im Bereich eines Turms des Unterseeboots angeordnet. Da das Ausfahrgerät in einem ausgefahrenen Zustand in vertikaler Richtung von dem Unterseeboot absteht, kann es grundsätzlich mittels Radar oder anderen Detektionsverfahren detektiert werden. Die Detektierbarkeit hängt dabei von dem Reflexions- und Absorptionsverhalten des Ausfahrgeräts in Bezug auf Radarstrahlung ab.Extension devices represent the basis of a mast system or mast and, in addition to the mast, also have a drive and a guide arrangement for extending the mast. An extension device can be used as a platform for various sensors, antennas, equipment, weapons and other devices and is usually arranged in the area of a tower of the submarine. Since the extension device protrudes from the submarine in the vertical direction in an extended state, it can basically be detected by means of radar or other detection methods. The detectability depends on the reflection and absorption behavior of the extension device with regard to radar radiation.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, ein Ausfahrgerät zu schaffen, das einen möglichst geringen Radarquerschnitt bei möglichst geringem Integrationsaufwand und herkömmlicher Verwendbarkeit des Ausfahrgeräts aufweist.The object of the present invention is to create an extension device that has the smallest possible radar cross-section with the lowest possible integration effort and conventional usability of the extension device.
Diese Aufgabe wird gemäß der Erfindung durch ein Ausfahrgerät mit den in Anspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmalen gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen des Ausfahrgeräts ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen, der nachfolgenden Beschreibung und den Zeichnungen, wobei die in den Unteransprüchen und der Beschreibung angegebenen Merkmale jeweils für sich aber auch in geeigneter Kombination anwendbar sind.According to the invention, this object is achieved by an extension device having the features specified in claim 1 . Advantageous configurations of the extension device result from the subclaims, the following description and the drawings, with those specified in the subclaims and the description Characteristics are each applicable but also in a suitable combination.
Es wird ein Ausfahrgerät für ein Unterseebot vorgeschlagen, aufweisend einen Mast, eine erste Hülle und eine zweite Hülle, wobei die erste Hülle und die zweite Hülle den Mast umgeben, wobei die erste Hülle zumindest einen Teil der zweiten Hülle umschließt, wobei die erste Hülle für eine Detektionswelle transparent ist und ein erstes Faserverbundmaterial aufweist, wobei die zweite Hülle für die Detektionswelle undurchlässig ist und ein zweites Faserverbundmaterial aufweist, wobei die zweite Hülle eine der ersten Hülle zugewandte zweite Oberfläche aufweist, welche eine Vielzahl von aneinander anschließenden und im Querschnitt zickzackförmig zueinander winklig stehenden, geradlinigen Abschnitten zur Reflexion der Detektionswelle zur Reduktion des Radarquerschnitts besitzt, und wobei die erste Hülle eine der zweiten Hülle abgewandte erste Oberfläche aufweist, die wellenförmig der Form der zweiten Oberfläche folgt.An extension device for a submarine is proposed, comprising a mast, a first shell and a second shell, the first shell and the second shell surrounding the mast, the first shell enclosing at least part of the second shell, the first shell for a detection wave is transparent and comprises a first composite fiber material, the second shell being impervious to the detection wave and comprising a second composite fiber material, the second shell having a second surface facing the first shell having a plurality of contiguous and cross-sectionally zigzag angled to each other standing, rectilinear sections for reflecting the detection wave to reduce the radar cross section, and wherein the first shell has a first surface facing away from the second shell, which follows the shape of the second surface in a wavy manner.
Das Ausfahrgerät weist folglich einen Mast auf, der von einer Anordnung aus zwei Hüllen umgeben ist. Die erste Hülle ist dabei eine äußere Hülle, die bei ausgefahrenem Mast direkt mit der Umgebung des Ausfahrgeräts in Kontakt steht. Die zweite Hülle ist eine innere Hülle und direkt dem Mast zugewandt. Sie wird zumindest teilweise und bevorzugt vollständig von der ersten Hülle umschlossen und ist folglich von einer Wasser- und Luftströmung und anderen mechanischen Einflüssen abgeschirmt. Weiterhin umschließt die erste Hülle den Mast zumindest teilweise und bevorzugt vollständig, wobei ein an dem Mast angeordneter Sensor oder anderer Ausrüstungsgegenstand außerhalb beider Hüllen liegen kann. Die zweite Hülle muss nicht zwangsläufig den Mast berühren, sondern kann einen gewissen Abstand zu diesem aufweisen. Da die erste Hülle für Detektionswellen transparent ist, kann eine auf die die Anordnung der Hüllen gerichtete Detektionswelle durch die erste Hülle treten und auf die zweite Hülle treffen. Dort wird sie reflektiert.The extension device thus has a mast surrounded by an assembly of two shells. The first shell is an outer shell that is in direct contact with the environment of the extension device when the mast is extended. The second shell is an inner shell and faces directly the mast. It is at least partially and preferably completely enclosed by the first shell and is consequently shielded from water and air flow and other mechanical influences. Furthermore, the first shell at least partially and preferably completely encloses the mast, whereby a sensor arranged on the mast or other piece of equipment can lie outside both shells. The second shell does not necessarily have to touch the mast, but can have a certain distance from it. Since the first shell for detection waves is transparent, one on the detection wave directed by the arrangement of the sheaths pass through the first sheath and impinge on the second sheath. There it is reflected.
Die erste Hülle ist folglich nicht für die Entstehung einer Radarsignatur ausschlaggebend und kann daher weitgehend unabhängig nach strömungsmechanischen Aspekten optimiert werden. Von größerer Bedeutung ist jedoch, dass die zweite Hülle zur Reduktion des Radarquerschnitts angepasst ist und Detektionswellen schräg zur Einfallsrichtung und damit in eine Richtung außerhalb des Empfängerbereichs reflektiert. Hierzu ist gemäß der Erfindung die zweite Hülle an ihrer zu der ersten Hülle, d.h. nach außen, gewandten zweiten Oberfläche zickzackförmig ausgebildet. Dies bedeutet, dass einzelne, im Querschnitt geradlinige Abschnitte vorgesehen sind, welche an andere im Querschnitt geradlinige Abschnitte der zweiten Oberfläche angrenzen. Die jeweilige Orientierung der einzelnen Abschnitte ändert sich alternierend über die gesamte Oberfläche der zweiten Hülle. Die Abschnitte sind bevorzugt jeweils um eine lokale Achse abgewinkelt, die quer zu einer Hochachse des Masts verläuft. Das zweite Faserverbundmaterial ist zur zuverlässigen Reflexion von Detektionswellen ausgewählt und könnte unter anderem Kohlefasern aufweisen. Die Reflexion erfolgt dabei an der zweiten Oberfläche.Consequently, the first shell is not decisive for the formation of a radar signature and can therefore be optimized largely independently according to flow-mechanical aspects. Of greater importance, however, is that the second shell is adapted to reduce the radar cross section and reflects detection waves obliquely to the direction of incidence and thus in a direction outside the receiver range. For this purpose, according to the invention, the second shell is formed in a zigzag shape on its second surface facing the first shell, i.e. outwards. This means that individual sections that are straight in cross section are provided, which adjoin other sections of the second surface that are straight in cross section. The respective orientation of the individual sections changes alternately over the entire surface of the second shell. The sections are preferably each angled around a local axis that runs transversely to a vertical axis of the mast. The second fiber composite material is selected for reliable reflection of detection waves and could include carbon fibers, among other things. The reflection takes place on the second surface.
Durch die Funktionstrennung können verschiedene Vorteile miteinander kombiniert werden. Einzelne Radarstrahlen reflektierende Segmente der zweiten Hülle aus dem zweiten Faserverbundmaterial lassen sich vergleichsweise einfach und präzise fertigen. Durch die Umhüllung dieser Segmente mit einer ersten Hülle, welche die strömungsmechanischen Lasten aufnimmt, werden keine besonders hohen mechanischen Anforderungen an die zweite Hülle gestellt. Ihre Materialdicke muss daher nur auf die Funktion der Reflexion angepasst werden. Es ist daher denkbar, die zweite Hülle lediglich in Form zusätzlicher Schichten des zweiten faserverstärkten Kunststoffmaterials auf eine zu dem Mast gewandte Seite der ersten Hülle anzuordnen.Due to the separation of functions, various advantages can be combined with one another. Individual radar beam-reflecting segments of the second shell made of the second fiber composite material can be manufactured comparatively easily and precisely. By encasing these segments with a first shell, which absorbs the fluidic loads, no particularly high mechanical demands are placed on the second shell. Their material thickness must therefore only be adapted to the function of reflection. It is therefore conceivable, the second shell only in the form of additional arranging layers of the second fiber reinforced plastic material on a side of the first shell facing the mast.
Das erste Faserverbundmaterial und das zweite Faserverbundmaterial können aufgrund der Funktionstrennung zudem unterschiedlich ausgeführt sein. Die zweite Hülle weist insbesondere elektrisch leitfähige Elemente auf, die zum Reflektieren der Detektionswelle führen. Die erste Hülle ist dabei insbesondere ohne leitfähige Elemente ausgestaltet und könnte Kunststoffe mit einer Verstärkung aus Glasfasern oder anderen zugfesten, nicht leitfähigen Elementen aufweisen, um zuverlässig das Eintreten von Detektionswellen zu gewährleisten.The first fiber composite material and the second fiber composite material can also be designed differently due to the separation of functions. The second shell has, in particular, electrically conductive elements that lead to the reflection of the detection wave. In this case, the first shell is designed in particular without conductive elements and could have plastics with a reinforcement of glass fibers or other high-tensile, non-conductive elements in order to reliably ensure the entry of detection waves.
Zum Erreichen eines geringen Strömungswiderstands ist die erste Hülle wellenförmig ausgebildet. Dies bedeutet, dass im Oberflächenverlauf Wellenberge und Wellentäler stetig aneinander anschließen. Die äußere Oberfläche der ersten Hülle ist dabei bevorzugt frei von Stufen, Kanten und Knicken oder anderen per Radar detektierbaren Merkmalen. Besonders bevorzugt weist die äußere Oberfläche keine ebenen Flächenabschnitte auf, sondern ist bevorzugt durchgehend gekrümmt. Die Wellenform der ersten Hülle folgt jeweils der Zickzackstruktur der zweiten Hülle, sodass in der ersten Oberfläche gebildete Wellenberge auf vom Mast abgewandten Anschlusskanten zweier aufeinanderfolgender Segmente der zweiten Oberfläche liegen und Wellentäler auf zum Mast gewandten Anschlusskanten zweier Segmente der zweiten Oberfläche liegen. Die erste Hülle folgt somit im Allgemeinen der Struktur der zweiten Hülle, doch ihr Verlauf ist zur Ausbildung der Wellenform abgerundet.In order to achieve a low flow resistance, the first casing is of corrugated design. This means that in the course of the surface wave crests and wave troughs continuously connect to each other. The outer surface of the first shell is preferably free of steps, edges and kinks or other features that can be detected by radar. Particularly preferably, the outer surface does not have any flat surface sections, but is preferably continuously curved. The wavy shape of the first shell follows the zigzag structure of the second shell, so that wave crests formed in the first surface lie on connecting edges of two consecutive segments of the second surface facing away from the mast and wave troughs lie on connecting edges of two segments of the second surface facing the mast. The first shell thus generally follows the structure of the second shell, but its course is rounded to form the waveform.
Da der Mast im Allgemeinen einen runden Querschnitt aufweist ist es denkbar, die Anordnung aus der ersten und zweiten Hülle rotationssymmetrisch um die Hochachse des Masts verlaufen zu lassen. Die im Querschnitt geradlinig verlaufenden Abschnitte der zweiten Hülle bilden damit Kegelabschnittsflächen, die entlang der Hochachse aneinander anschließen und sich in abwechselnde Richtungen aufweiten bzw. verjüngen. Die durch die erste Hülle bestimmte Form des Ausfahrgeräts ähnelt dann der einer Vibrisse (ein Fühl- oder Tasthaar) einer Robbe, die ein besonders günstiges Strömungsverhalten im Wasser aufweist, das vorteilhaft für das erfindungsgemäße Ausfahrgerät genutzt wird.Since the mast generally has a round cross section, it is conceivable for the arrangement of the first and second shells to run rotationally symmetrically around the vertical axis of the mast. The sections of the second shell that run in a straight line in cross section thus form cone section surfaces which adjoin one another along the vertical axis and widen or narrow in alternating directions. The form of the retractable device determined by the first shell then resembles that of a vibrissa (a tactile hair) of a seal, which has a particularly favorable flow behavior in the water, which is advantageously used for the retractable device according to the invention.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform ist das erste Faserverbundmaterial GFK. Wie vorangehend erläutert eignet sich GFK (glasfaserverstärkter Kunststoff) für die Realisierung der ersten Hülle, da dieses Material transparent für Detektionswellen ist. Weiterhin ist GFK kostengünstig und lässt sich sehr flexibel in Form bringen.In an advantageous embodiment, the first fiber composite material is GRP. As explained above, GRP (glass fiber reinforced plastic) is suitable for the realization of the first shell, since this material is transparent to detection waves. Furthermore, GRP is inexpensive and can be shaped very flexibly.
Besonders bevorzugt weist das zweite Faserverbundmaterial ein Matrixmaterial mit darin eingebetteten Kohlenstoffallotropen auf. Die Kohlenstoffallotrope können Kohlefasern, Graphen, Kohlenstoffnanoröhrchen oder anderes umfassen, die in ein Matrixmaterial eingebettet werden können. Bevorzugt sind die Kohlenstoffallotrope in Form von Matten oder Geweben so angeordnet, dass sie der zweiten Oberfläche parallel folgen, um das gewünschte Reflexionsverhalten zu verursachen.The second fiber composite material particularly preferably has a matrix material with carbon allotropes embedded therein. The carbon allotropes can include carbon fibers, graphene, carbon nanotubes, or others that can be embedded in a matrix material. Preferably, the carbon allotropes in the form of mats or fabrics are arranged to follow the second surface in parallel to cause the desired reflective behavior.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform schließen die geradlinigen Abschnitte und eine Hochachse des Masts einen ersten Winkel zueinander ein, der in einem Bereich von 5°-15° liegt. Bei einer die Hochachse des Masts umlaufenden Gestaltung der zweiten Hülle verjüngen sich dadurch die aufgespannten Kegelabschnittsfläche jeweils um 5°-15° oder weiten sich um 5°-15° auf. Damit kann eine zuverlässige Reflexion der Detektionswellen in eine von der Quelle der Detektionswelle abgewandte Richtung erfolgen, ohne dass ein besonders hohes radiales Bauraumvolumen notwendig ist.In an advantageous embodiment, the rectilinear sections and a vertical axis of the mast enclose a first angle to one another that is in a range of 5°-15°. If the second shell is designed to encircle the vertical axis of the mast, the spanned cone section surfaces thereby each taper by 5°-15° or widen by 5°-15°. In this way, the detection waves can be reliably reflected in a direction facing away from the source of the detection wave, without a particularly high radial volume of installation space being necessary.
In einer weiter vorteilhaften Ausführungsform schließen zwei aufeinanderfolgende Abschnitte der zweiten Oberfläche einen Winkel von 150° bis 170° zueinander ein. Die Zickzackstruktur ist dadurch gebildet, dass die Abschnitte paarweise einen solchen Winkel einschließen. Der Winkel von 150°-170° bezieht sich stets auf den kleineren Winkel zwischen zwei Abschnitten, d.h. dem stumpfen Winkel, der wechselseitig auf einer zum Mast gerichteten (unter einem Wellenberg) oder davon abgewandten Seite (unter einem Wellental) gemessen ist.In a further advantageous embodiment, two consecutive sections of the second surface enclose an angle of 150° to 170° to one another. The zigzag structure is formed in that the sections enclose such an angle in pairs. The angle of 150°-170° always refers to the smaller angle between two sections, i.e. the obtuse angle measured mutually on a side facing towards the mast (under a wave crest) or away from it (under a wave trough).
Weiterhin könnten die erste Hülle und die zweite Hülle flächenbündig aufeinander liegen. Eine zum Mast gewandte Innenfläche der ersten Hülle steht folglich in einem Flächenkontakt mit der zweiten Oberfläche der zweiten Hülle. Beide Hüllen könnten miteinander verklebt sein, sodass hieraus ein integrales Bauteil resultiert. Die erste Hülle könnte ihre Wellenform durch einen bestimmten Dickenverlauf erhalten, sodass die erste Hülle den scharfen Anschlusskanten aneinander anschließender Abschnitte der zweiten Oberfläche auf der Innenseite zwar folgt, auf der Außenseite jedoch durch kontinuierlich angepasste lokale Dicken stets abgerundet ist.Furthermore, the first shell and the second shell could lie flush on one another. A mast-facing inner surface of the first shell is thus in face-to-face contact with the second surface of the second shell. Both cases could be glued together, resulting in an integral component. The first shell could obtain its wavy shape through a specific thickness progression, so that the first shell follows the sharp connecting edges of adjacent sections of the second surface on the inside, but is always rounded off on the outside by continuously adapted local thicknesses.
Bevorzugt sind die erste Hülle und die zweite Hülle miteinander verbunden. Die Verbindung könnte beispielhaft durch Kleben erfolgen. Beide Hüllen könnten separat voneinander gefertigt und anschließend verklebt werden. Die zweite Oberfläche der zweiten Hülle, welche für das Reflexionsverhalten ausschlaggebend ist, könnte beispielsweise in einem entsprechenden, komplementär geformten Formwerkzeug mit einer Zickzackform drapiert und ausgehärtet werden. Gleichermaßen könnten beide Flächen der ersten Hülle jeweils durch Kontakt mit einem Formwerkzeug geformt werden, um eine an die zweite Hülle angepasste Zickzackform auf der Innenfläche und eine gewünschte Wellenform auf der Außenfläche herzustellen. Es sind hierfür eine Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Verfahren denkbar.The first shell and the second shell are preferably connected to one another. The connection could be made by gluing, for example. Both cases could be manufactured separately and then glued together. The second surface of the second shell, which is decisive for the reflection behavior, could be draped and cured in a corresponding, complementary shaped mold with a zigzag shape, for example. Likewise, both surfaces of the first shell could be formed by contact with a molding tool, respectively, to produce a zigzag shape to match the second shell on the inner surface and a desired undulating shape on the outer surface. A large number of different methods are conceivable for this.
Besonders bevorzugt ist die zweite Hülle auf die erste Hülle auflaminiert. Die erste Hülle kann auf einem Formwerkzeug hergestellt sein, welches eine mit der zweiten Oberfläche der zweiten Hülle korrespondierende Oberfläche besitzt. Nach dem Aushärten der ersten Hülle könnte die zweite Hülle in Form einer oder weniger Schichten des zweiten faserverstärkten Kunststoffs auflaminiert werden. Alternativ wäre denkbar, zunächst das Material der zweiten Hülle auf einem geeigneten Formwerkzeug abzulegen, um anschließend das Material der ersten Hülle darauf anzubringen. Beide Hüllen können dann gemeinsam mit dem Matrixmaterial infiltriert und ausgehärtet werden. Ein separates Herstellen der zweiten Hülle und das anschließende Auflaminieren der ersten Hülle ist ebenso denkbar.The second shell is particularly preferably laminated onto the first shell. The first shell may be made on a mold having a surface corresponding to the second surface of the second shell. After the first shell has cured, the second shell could be laminated on in the form of one or a few layers of the second fiber reinforced plastic. Alternatively, it would be conceivable to first place the material of the second shell on a suitable mold in order to then attach the material of the first shell to it. Both shells can then be infiltrated and cured together with the matrix material. A separate manufacture of the second shell and the subsequent lamination of the first shell is also conceivable.
In einer besonders vorteilhaften Ausführungsform sind die erste Hülle und die zweite Hülle als einzelne Paneele ausgebildet, die an dem Mast befestigbar sind. Die einzelnen Paneele sind bei einer Beschädigung leicht austauschbar. Es erübrigt sich folglich ein Austausch der gesamten Anordnung der beiden Hüllen bei einem eventuellen Schaden. Es könnte sogar ein einzelnes Paneel an Bord des Unterseeboots bereitgehalten werden, um notfalls ein defektes Paneel auszutauschen. Besonders bevorzugt besteht die Anordnung folglich aus einer Vielzahl von gleichen oder gleichartigen Paneelen, sodass die Teilevielfalt und folglich der Bedarf an zu lagernden Teilen beschränkt wird und ein schneller und leichter Austausch ermöglicht wird.In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the first shell and the second shell are designed as individual panels that can be attached to the mast. The individual panels can be easily replaced if damaged. There is therefore no need to replace the entire assembly of the two cases in the event of damage. A single panel could even be kept on board the submarine to replace a defective panel if necessary. The arrangement therefore particularly preferably consists of a large number of identical or similar panels, so that the variety of parts and consequently the need for parts to be stored is limited and a quicker and easier exchange is made possible.
Bei einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform sind die erste Hülle und die zweite Hülle jeweils um eine Hochachse des Masts rotationssymmetrisch ausgebildet. Einzelne Segmente der zweiten Oberfläche der zweiten Hülle schließen folglich horizontal angeordnete kreisförmige Anschlusskanten ein, an die sich entsprechend umlaufende Wellenberge oder Wellentäler in der ersten Oberfläche der ersten Hülle anschließen.In a further advantageous embodiment, the first shell and the second shell are each designed to be rotationally symmetrical about a vertical axis of the mast. Consequently, individual segments of the second surface of the second shell enclose horizontally arranged circular connecting edges, which are adjoined by corresponding circumferential wave crests or wave troughs in the first surface of the first shell.
Die Erfindung betrifft ferner ein Unterseeboot, aufweisend einen Turm mit einem daran angeordneten Ausfahrgerät gemäß der vorherigen Beschreibung. Das Ausfahrgerät kann selektiv ein- und ausgefahren werden und weist einen geringen Radarquerschnitt auf.The invention also relates to a submarine, having a tower with an extension device arranged thereon according to the previous description. The extension device can be extended and retracted selectively and has a low radar cross-section.
Die Erfindung ist nachfolgend anhand von in den Zeichnungen dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert. Es zeigen:
- Figur 1
- ein Unterseebot mit einem Ausfahrgerät in einer schematischen Seitenansicht,
- Figur 2
- ein Ausfahrgerät in einem Seitenschnitt und
- Figur 3
- einen Detailschnitt des Ausfahrgeräts aus
Figur 2 .
- figure 1
- a submarine with an extension device in a schematic side view,
- figure 2
- an extension device in a side cut and
- figure 3
- a detailed section of the retractable device
figure 2 .
Die zweite Hülle 18 weist im Querschnitt, der hier in einer Schnittebene durch die Hochachse des Masts 14 gebildet ist, eine Vielzahl von geradlinigen Abschnitten 20 auf, die unter Bildung von Anschlusskanten 22 aneinander anschließen. Die Abschnitte 20 sind jeweils um die Anschlusskanten 22 angestellt, sodass sie schräg zu der Hochachse 15 verlaufen. Dabei sind aufeinanderfolgende Abschnitte 20 in abwechselnde Richtungen im Betrag um denselben Winkel angestellt, sodass insgesamt eine zickzackförmige Oberflächenstruktur entsteht. Dabei schließen zwei aneinander anschließende bzw. aufeinanderfolgende Abschnitte 20 jeweils einen Winkel a von 150° bis 170° auf abwechselnden Seiten relativ zur Hochachse 15 zueinander ein.In cross section, which is formed here in a sectional plane through the vertical axis of the
In dieser Darstellung ist die zweite Hülle 18 etwas von dem Mast 14 beabstandet. Es wäre denkbar, den Mast 14 mit Halteelementen auszustatten, die die zweite Hülle 18 tragen. Ein kleinerer oder größerer Abstand oder ein bündiges Anordnen der nach innen gerichteten Anschlusskanten 22 an dem Mast 14 wäre ebenso denkbar.In this illustration, the
Die zweite Hülle 18 besteht aus einem faserverstärkten Kunststoff, der leitfähige Elemente aufweist. Diese reflektieren Detektionswellen, beispielsweise von einem Radarsystem. Aufgrund der Zickzackstruktur, durch die die Abschnitte 20 stets einen Winkel zwischen 5° und 15° zu einer Oberfläche des Masts 14 einschließen, werden horizontal eintreffende Detektionswellen schräg zum Mast 14 reflektiert, sodass sie den Empfängerhorizont verlassen. Die leitfähigen Elemente in der zweiten Hülle 18 könnten Kohlenstoffallotrope, beispielsweise Kohlefasern, aufweisen.The
Die erste Hülle 16 folgt der allgemeinen Form der zweiten Hülle 18, jedoch werden dabei die Anschlusskanten 22 nach außen verrundet. Eine Materialstärke d (siehe
Da zum Reduzieren des Radarquerschnitts ein definiertes Reflexionsverhalten erforderlich ist, welches nur durch die zweite Hülle 18 hervorgerufen werden soll, ist die erste Hülle 16 bevorzugt vollständig transparent für Detektionswellen. Sie könnte dabei aus einem faserverstärkten Kunststoff hergestellt sein, bei dem die Verstärkungsfasern elektrisch nichtleitend sind. Die erste Hülle 16 und die zweite Hülle 18 können damit eine Verkleidung ausbilden, die an ihrer Außenseite GFK aufweist, an ihrer Innenseite CFK. Der durch GFK gebildete Teil übernimmt dabei die mechanischen Lasten und weist eine entsprechende Stabilität auf. Der aus CFK gebildete Teil dient nur der Reflexion von Radarwellen und könnte auf eine oder nur wenige Materiallagen beschränkt werden.Since a defined reflection behavior is required to reduce the radar cross section, which should only be brought about by the
- 22
- Unterseebootsubmarine
- 44
- Außenhautouter skin
- 66
- TurmTower
- 88th
- Ausfahrgerätextension device
- 1010
- freies Endefree end
- 1212
- wellenförmige Oberflächewavy surface
- 1414
- Mastmast
- 1515
- Hochachsevertical axis
- 1616
- erste Hüllefirst shell
- 1818
- zweite Hüllesecond shell
- 2020
- ebener Abschnittlevel section
- 2222
- Anschlusskanteconnecting edge
- 2424
- erste Oberflächefirst surface
- 2626
- zweite Oberflächesecond surface
- αa
- Winkel zwischen ebenen Abschnitten (zweiter Winkel)Angle between planar sections (second angle)
- ββ
- Winkel zwischen ebenem Abschnitt und Mast (erster Winkel)Angle between planar section and mast (first angle)
- di.e
- Materialstärke der ersten HülleMaterial thickness of the first shell
Claims (11)
- An extension device (8) for a submarine (2), comprising a mast (14), a first casing (16) and a second casing (18),wherein the first casing (16) and the second casing (18) surround the mast (14),wherein the first casing (16) encompasses at least a part of the second casing (18), wherein the first casing (16) is transparent to a detection wave and comprises a first fibre composite material,wherein the second casing (18) is impermeable to the detection wave, characterized in that the second casing (18) comprises a second fibre composite material,wherein the second casing (18) comprises a second surface (26) which faces the first casing (16) and which comprises a multitude of straight-lined sections (20) which connect to one another and in cross section are at angles to one another in a zigzag-like manner, for the reflection of the detection wave for the reduction of the radar cross section, andwherein the first casing (16) comprises a first surface (24) which is away from the second casing (18) and which follows the shape of the second surface (26) in a wave-like manner.
- An extension device (8) according to claim 1, concerning which the first fibre composite material is GFRP.
- An extension device (8) according to claim 1 or 2, concerning which the second fibre composite material comprises a matrix material with carbon allotropes which are embedded therein.
- An extension device (8) according to one of the preceding claims, concerning which the sections (20) and a height axis (15) of the mast (14) enclose a first angle (β) to one another, said angle lying in the range of 5°-15°.
- An extension device (8) according to one of the preceding claims, concerning which two consecutive sections (20) of the second surface (26) enclose an angle (a) of 150° to 170° to one another.
- An extension device (8) according to one of the preceding claims, concerning which the first casing (16) and the second casing (18) lie on one another in a flush manner.
- An extension device (8) according to one of the preceding claims, concerning which the first casing (16) and the second casing (18) are connected to one another.
- An extension device (8) according to one of the preceding claims, concerning which the second casing (18) is laminated onto the first casing (16).
- An extension device (8) according to claim 7 or 8, concerning which the first casing (16) and the second casing (18) are designed as individual panels which can be fastened to the mast (14).
- An extension device (8) according to one of the preceding claims, concerning which the first casing (16) and the second casing (18) are each designed in a rotationally symmetrical manner about a height axis (15) of the mast (14)
- A submarine (2), comprising a tower (6) with at least one extension device (8) according to one of the preceding claims, which is arranged thereon.
Priority Applications (2)
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EP20204708.0A EP3992073B1 (en) | 2020-10-29 | 2020-10-29 | Extending device for a submarine |
KR1020210145559A KR102596169B1 (en) | 2020-10-29 | 2021-10-28 | Extension device for submarine and submarine having the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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EP20204708.0A EP3992073B1 (en) | 2020-10-29 | 2020-10-29 | Extending device for a submarine |
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Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP3992073A1 EP3992073A1 (en) | 2022-05-04 |
EP3992073B1 true EP3992073B1 (en) | 2023-06-07 |
EP3992073C0 EP3992073C0 (en) | 2023-06-07 |
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DE10218847B4 (en) * | 2002-04-27 | 2004-02-26 | Gabler Maschinenbau Gmbh | Mast device for a submarine |
JP2005153876A (en) * | 2005-01-11 | 2005-06-16 | Riyokuseishiya:Kk | Radio buoy |
DE102011009283A1 (en) * | 2011-01-24 | 2012-07-26 | Gabler Maschinenbau Gmbh | Antenna for a submarine |
DE102014103601A1 (en) * | 2014-03-17 | 2015-09-17 | Thyssenkrupp Ag | Device for reducing the effective radar reflecting surface |
DE102015209723A1 (en) * | 2015-05-27 | 2016-12-01 | Thyssenkrupp Ag | Fluid vehicle with reduced signature |
-
2020
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KR102596169B1 (en) | 2023-10-30 |
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