EP3991195A1 - Commutateur de puissance destiné à des courants continus - Google Patents

Commutateur de puissance destiné à des courants continus

Info

Publication number
EP3991195A1
EP3991195A1 EP20737109.7A EP20737109A EP3991195A1 EP 3991195 A1 EP3991195 A1 EP 3991195A1 EP 20737109 A EP20737109 A EP 20737109A EP 3991195 A1 EP3991195 A1 EP 3991195A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
circuit
current
switching device
ssm
speed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP20737109.7A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Ulrich Kahnt
Sohel AHMAD
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Elpro GmbH
Original Assignee
Elpro GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Elpro GmbH filed Critical Elpro GmbH
Publication of EP3991195A1 publication Critical patent/EP3991195A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/59—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switch and not otherwise provided for, e.g. for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the ac cycle
    • H01H33/596—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switch and not otherwise provided for, e.g. for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the ac cycle for interrupting dc
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/541—Contacts shunted by semiconductor devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a direct current high-speed switching device (SSM) which is suitable and intended to switch off high direct currents in the event of a load or short circuit, with a disconnector (VS), a quenching circuit (LK) and a return conductor (RL), the quenching circuit (LK) for this is intended and suitable to generate a current in the opposite direction of the direct current to be interrupted, and the return conductor (RL) is provided and suitable for deriving direct currents from the direct current high-speed switching device (SSM), as well as a corresponding method for arc-free separation of a direct current circuit.
  • SSM direct current high-speed switching device
  • Such a high-speed switching module is presented in DE 102 18 806 B4.
  • the module has a between the line and the busbar of the rectifier substation Switching device on.
  • a quenching circuit is arranged parallel to this switching device, which consists of a quenching capacitor which is connected in series with a switching unit consisting of two quenching thyristors arranged in anti-parallel.
  • a test branch is also arranged in parallel with the switching device.
  • the test branch consists of a series connection of a test thyristor, a current measuring element and a test resistor.
  • the direct current high-speed switching device also has a freewheeling circuit which has a branch for each current direction, from the busbar to the return conductor or from the path to the return conductor, in each of which two freewheeling diodes are arranged, which are connected in series.
  • a fuse with a message is assigned in parallel to each freewheeling diode in each branch of the freewheeling circuit.
  • the dimensioning of the free-wheeling diode and the fuse is chosen so that only a small part of the free-wheeling current flows through the respective fuse, while the majority of the free-wheeling current flows through the free-wheeling diode arranged parallel to the fuse.
  • This high-speed switching module is designed for the shutdown of systems with a line voltage of up to 750 V and a nominal current of up to 4000 A with overloads that are common in railway power. For systems available in the future that are operated with up to 1500 V and 4000 A, this module cannot be used due to the doubling of power that occurs here.
  • the high-speed DC switching device has a disconnector and a quenching circuit.
  • the extinguishing circuit is intended and suitable for generating a direct current in the opposite direction of the direct current to be interrupted.
  • the DC high-speed switching device according to the invention is arranged between the line to be supplied with power and the power busbar.
  • the disconnector is usually a vacuum disconnector, with which a fast and reliable interruption of a supply current is possible.
  • the disconnector is usually a vacuum disconnector, with which a fast and reliable interruption of a supply current is possible.
  • the DC high-speed switching device has a return conductor which is provided and suitable for deriving direct currents from the direct-current high-speed switching device.
  • the high-speed DC switching device also has a first freewheeling circuit which is provided and suitable for reducing overvoltages and / or current peaks that occur during the switching process.
  • the first freewheeling circuit is connected to the return conductor and prevents the occurrence of voltage peaks in the order of magnitude greater than 1500 V in the
  • the high-speed direct current switching device according to the invention can therefore be replaced for direct current networks in the range from typically 220 V to 1000 V, while the current intensity can be up to 8 kA.
  • a second free-wheeling circuit is provided.
  • the second free-wheeling circuit has a connection for a return conductor.
  • the second free-wheeling circuit ensures that after the quick disconnection by the disconnector, the energy present in the inductances of the line is quickly dissipated by free-wheeling currents. Any voltage peaks that occur are reduced by the first freewheeling circuit.
  • the first and second freewheeling circuits run partially in parallel and are only partially passed through the high-speed DC switching device. This ensures that the first free-wheeling circuit only has current flowing through it when voltage peaks occur.
  • the second free-wheeling circuit dissipates the electrical energy that normally occurs in the event of a separation. Both freewheeling circuits are also separated from one another by a rectifier diode.
  • the second freewheeling circuit is partially arranged outside the high-speed direct current switching device. The high-speed DC switching device can therefore be arranged in particular in confined spaces.
  • the first freewheeling circuit has a current limiting device.
  • the current limiting device is usually an electrical resistor, which advantageously has a high thermal conductivity.
  • the current limiting device in the first free-wheeling circuit therefore converts the electrical energy conducted very efficiently and quickly into heat.
  • the current limiting device of the first freewheeling circuit is arranged in the direct current high-speed switching device.
  • the current limiting device is therefore protected from the effects of the weather by the housing of the direct current high-speed switching device and can also be provided with cooling in order to efficiently dissipate the heat occurring in the current limiting device.
  • the current limiting device of the first free-wheeling circuit of the direct current high-speed switching device is a chopper circuit and / or a PTC thermistor.
  • the electrical resistance of the current limiting device thus increases as the temperature rises due to the current flow in the current limiting device and thereby limits the electric current flowing through the first free-wheeling circuit.
  • the quenching circuit has a quenching capacitor. The current limiting device of the first freewheeling circuit is connected in parallel to the quenching capacitor. The quenching capacitor is continuously charged between the discharging processes to ensure that the high-speed DC switching device is operational.
  • the method according to the invention for switching direct currents has four method steps:
  • the electrical voltage of a conductor connected to a high-speed direct current switching device is checked.
  • a control device is connected to a current detection element with which the electrical conductor is checked for undesired operating conditions, accidents and faulty power supply.
  • a circuit breaker is activated in the DC high-speed switching device.
  • the isolating switch separates the busbar, which supplies the conductor carrying direct current with electrical energy, from the energy supply.
  • the circuit is separated by opening two switching contacts to interrupt a continuous current. When the switch contacts are opened, an arc is created between the switch contacts.
  • the arc that is formed between the switching contacts after activating the disconnector is extinguished.
  • an electrical current is fed into the isolating switch, which is directed against the current flowing in it. Both electrical currents are superimposed and compensate each other in such a way that the resulting current strength is 0 A.
  • the direct current high-speed switching device is discharged when high voltages and / or currents occur. In this way, when voltage peaks of the order of magnitude greater than 1500 V occur in the high-speed direct current switching device, damage to the components arranged therein is avoided.
  • the arc is extinguished by discharging a previously charged extinguishing capacitor.
  • the quenching capacitor is charged to ensure the operational readiness of the DC high-speed switching device between the discharging processes in such a way that when the capacitor is discharged, an electric current is generated which is directed opposite to the electric current of the arc.
  • the quenching capacitor is the
  • High-speed DC switching device discharged when high voltages occur.
  • the quenching capacitor is used to ensure that the
  • the quenching capacitor of the high-speed DC switching device is discharged by a chopper and / or cold resistor connected in parallel.
  • Chopper and / or cold resistor usually have a high thermal conductivity. The discharge of the electrical energy stored in the capacitor is therefore very efficiently and quickly converted into heat.
  • the continuous current is conducted via a metallic contact with a vacuum chamber.
  • the vacuum chamber has the circuit breaker with which a fast and reliable interruption of a supply current is possible.
  • the vacuum chamber is so well insulated from electrical currents that there is a high level of safety for people, in particular for maintenance personnel.
  • the currents and / or voltages flowing through the high-speed DC switching device are reduced by a second free-wheeling circuit.
  • the second free-wheeling circuit ensures that after the quick disconnection by the disconnector, the energy present in the inductances of the line is quickly dissipated by free-wheeling currents. Any voltage peaks that occur are reduced by the first freewheeling circuit.
  • the second free-wheeling circuit carries the current via a connection for a return conductor.
  • the return conductor derives direct currents from the direct current high-speed switching device.
  • Fig. 1 A circuit diagram of an embodiment of the invention
  • Fig. 4b Current curves for opening the switching device and ignition of the quenching thyristor for large currents at time t> 1.2 ms of the switching process
  • Fig. 5 b Current curves for opening the switching device and ignition of the quenching thyristor for large currents at time t> 2 ms of the switching process
  • the high-speed switching device SSM is arranged on a direct current traction power supply.
  • the high-speed switching device SSM is connected via a two-pole disconnector DT on the one hand to the busbar SS of the traction power supply and on the other hand to the line ST.
  • the line is galvanically isolated from the busbar by means of the two-pole disconnector DT.
  • the vacuum switch VS is arranged between the busbar SS of the traction power supply and the line ST and serves on the one hand to carry operating currents, load or short-circuit currents in both current directions and on the other hand to quickly establish a galvanic isolating path.
  • the VS vacuum switch is driven by an electromagnetic drive.
  • a current detection element T is arranged, which detects the operating and fault currents.
  • an extinguishing circuit LK is arranged between the busbar SS of the traction power supply and the line ST.
  • This quenching circuit LK consists of a quenching capacitor K and two quenching thyristors LT1, LT2 which are arranged in series with it and are arranged antiparallel.
  • the internal free-wheeling circuit iFK is also arranged parallel to the vacuum switch VS, the connection is between the quenching capacitor K and the quenching thyristors LT1, LT2.
  • the internal freewheeling circuit iFK has a thyristor CT, a freewheeling diode D connected in antiparallel in series, and a resistor CW (chopper and / or PTC thermistor) lying in between.
  • a test circuit PK is also arranged parallel to the vacuum switch VS, which checks the current state of the line before it is reconnected.
  • the test circuit PK consists of a series connection of a switch VP, a current measuring element Tp and a test resistor PW. To test the route, the test thyristor VP is ignited and the current flowing through the test resistor PW is recorded with the current measuring element Tp.
  • the high-speed switching device has a second free-wheeling circuit eFK, which has two branches, one of which is arranged between the connection of the vacuum switch VS and the other between the path ST and the return conductor RL.
  • the second freewheeling circuit eFK has the freewheeling diode D.
  • the second free-wheeling circuit eFK ensures that after the galvanic isolating distance has been established in the vacuum switch VS, the Inductivities of the line existing energy is quickly dissipated by free-wheeling currents.
  • the switch-off process is triggered automatically by the EBG control unit when a set limit value for the operating current is reached.
  • the control device EBG processes the recorded measured values and issues the corresponding control commands to the vacuum switch VS and the quenching thyristors LT1, LT2.
  • the opening process of the vacuum switch VS is automatically initiated in accordance with the set limit values.
  • the time-optimized activation of the quenching thyristors LT1, LT2 takes place as a function of the operating current to be switched, the dimensioning of the quenching circuit, in particular the capacitance of the quenching capacitor K.
  • the EBG control unit also performs the route test, in which the route resistance is calculated using the current output voltage.
  • the EBG control unit regulates the activation of the thyristor CT and thus the activation of the internal free-wheeling circuit iFK when the power is high.
  • FIG. 2 a the circuit according to FIG. 1 is shown in operation.
  • the switching command is given at time 0.11 s (FIG. 2 b).
  • a short-circuit current L occurs which is to be switched off, i.e. H. a short circuit on the line ST is fed by the traction power supply via the busbar SS (FIG. 2 a).
  • the rising short-circuit current L (FIG. 2 b) is detected by the current detection element T in the current path of the vacuum switch VS.
  • Fig. 3 a are the at this time active circuits of the DC high-speed switching device shown in FIG. 1.
  • the control unit EBG issues the switch-off command for the vacuum switch VS, and the drive begins to separate the contacts of the vacuum switch VS (FIG. 3a).
  • An arc is created between the contacts of the vacuum switch VS.
  • the contact opening runs evenly over the contact path of the vacuum switch VS, the maximum contact distance is 2 mm.
  • the short-circuit current L continues to flow via the switching arc that forms when the contact is lifted within the vacuum chamber (FIG. 3 b).
  • FIG. 4 a The current curves for opening the switching device SSM and igniting the quenching thyristor LT1, LT2 for large currents at time t> 1.2 ms are shown in FIG. 4.
  • FIG. 4 a the circuits of the DC high-speed switching device according to FIG. 1 that are active at this time are shown .
  • the control unit EBG controls the quenching thyristor LT 1, which enables the quenching circuit LK.
  • a current Isu is generated in the quenching circuit LK (FIG. 4 b), which is directed in the opposite direction to the current L flowing in the vacuum switch VS (FIG. 4 a).
  • the two currents flowing in the vacuum switch VS, the short-circuit current L and the extinguishing current Isu overlap.
  • the two currents, the short-circuit current L and the extinguishing current each have such a current intensity in opposite directions that the resulting switch current reaches a value of 0 A.
  • the arc goes out in the vacuum switch VS.
  • the voltage UKC of the quenching capacitor K that is currently present increases across the switching path. If this voltage UKC does not exceed the dielectric strength of the switching gap in the vacuum switch VS at that time, the arc does not re-ignite and the short-circuit current L is switched off.
  • FIG. 5 a shows the circuits of the high-speed DC switching device according to FIG. 1 that are active at this time. Due to the disconnection of the arc of the vacuum switch VS, a current LFK flows at this point in time through the second free-wheeling circuit eFK, which is arranged in parts outside the high-speed switching device SSM, and the quenching circuit LK (FIG. 5 a), the quenching capacitor K acting as a buffer. The quenching capacitor K is also charged again (precharged).
  • the external free-wheeling circuit eFK ensures that after the production of the galvanic isolating path, the energy present in the path ST is dissipated due to the flowing free-wheeling currents LFK (FIG. 5 b). So that a flowing direct current L is switched off safely and reliably even in unusual situations, it can be provided that the quenching thyristors LT1, LT2 are repeatedly ignited. The method according to the invention, as shown in FIGS. 2 to 5, can therefore be repeated if necessary.
  • the internal free-running circuit IFK is connected to FIG. 6a.
  • FIG. 6a the circuits of the high-speed direct current switching device according to FIG. 1 that are active at this point in time are shown. Which at that point Energy stored in the high-speed switching device SSM charges the quenching capacitor K after the arc has been extinguished in the vacuum switch VS (see FIG. 5).
  • charging voltages UK C can be achieved which, for the high-speed switching device SSM and possibly other connected components, exceed a safety limit in such a way that damage can occur.
  • the internal free-wheeling circuit iFK is activated (Fig. 6 a).
  • the control unit EBG ignites the thyristor CT when the resistance in the quenching circuit LK exceeds 300 m ⁇ (Fig. 6 b).
  • the charging voltage UK C of the capacitor K falls below a value of 1100 V, the thyristor CT is blocked again. Ignition and blocking of the thyristor CT are repeated until the charging voltage UK C of the capacitor K is constantly below 1500 V.
  • the overvoltage UK C that occurs thus remains below the arc voltages that often occur with conventional high-speed switches.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de commutation rapide de courants continus (SSM) disposé et adapté pour arrêter des courants continus élevés en cas de charge ou de court-circuit, comportant un commutateur de séparation (VS), un circuit d'extinction (LK) et un conducteur de rappel (RL), le circuit d'extinction (LK) étant disposé et adapté pour générer un courant dans la direction opposée du courant continu à arrêter, et le conducteur de rappel (RL) étant disposé et adapté pour dévier des courants continus depuis le dispositif de commutation rapide de courants continus (SSM), et un premier circuit de roue libre (iFK) étant disposé dans le dispositif de commutation rapide de courants continus (SSM) et étant disposé et adapté pour faire baisser des surtensions et/ou des pics de courant survenant lors du processus de commutation. L'invention concerne aussi un procédé de séparation correspondant, sans arc lumineux, d'un circuit de courant continu.
EP20737109.7A 2019-06-28 2020-06-26 Commutateur de puissance destiné à des courants continus Pending EP3991195A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102019004667 2019-06-28
DE102020101388 2020-01-21
PCT/EP2020/068171 WO2020260673A1 (fr) 2019-06-28 2020-06-26 Commutateur de puissance destiné à des courants continus

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3991195A1 true EP3991195A1 (fr) 2022-05-04

Family

ID=71523116

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20737109.7A Pending EP3991195A1 (fr) 2019-06-28 2020-06-26 Commutateur de puissance destiné à des courants continus

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3991195A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN114303215A (fr)
AU (1) AU2020307052A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102020116974A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2020260673A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102020134773A1 (de) * 2020-12-22 2022-06-23 Elpro Gmbh Leistungsschalter für gleichströme

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4740858A (en) * 1985-08-06 1988-04-26 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Zero-current arc-suppression dc circuit breaker
DE10218806B4 (de) * 2002-04-19 2004-09-16 Elpro Bahnstromanlagen Gmbh Gleichstrom-Schnellschalteinrichtung für Bahnstromversorgungen und Verfahren zur Abschaltung von Gleichströmen
EP2929627B1 (fr) * 2013-01-29 2016-09-28 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Interrupteur pour tension continue pour produire une courte interruption
KR101652937B1 (ko) * 2014-12-29 2016-09-01 주식회사 효성 Ｄｃ 차단기
KR101872873B1 (ko) * 2016-11-07 2018-06-29 연세대학교 산학협력단 충전된 커패시터와 직렬 인덕터를 사용한 초고속 dc 차단기
CN107342754B (zh) * 2017-06-28 2020-07-14 上海交通大学 基于耦合电感线圈的直流断路器及其控制方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102020116974A1 (de) 2020-12-31
CN114303215A (zh) 2022-04-08
AU2020307052A1 (en) 2022-01-27
WO2020260673A1 (fr) 2020-12-30

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