EP3980600B1 - Building structure - Google Patents
Building structure Download PDFInfo
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- EP3980600B1 EP3980600B1 EP20733900.3A EP20733900A EP3980600B1 EP 3980600 B1 EP3980600 B1 EP 3980600B1 EP 20733900 A EP20733900 A EP 20733900A EP 3980600 B1 EP3980600 B1 EP 3980600B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- anchor
- building structure
- anchor structure
- sliding
- building
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- 239000004699 Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000785 ultra high molecular weight polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
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- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 18
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
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- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000452 restraining effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011885 synergistic combination Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
- E01D19/00—Structural or constructional details of bridges
- E01D19/04—Bearings; Hinges
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
- E01D19/00—Structural or constructional details of bridges
- E01D19/04—Bearings; Hinges
- E01D19/042—Mechanical bearings
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a building, comprising a first building part, a second building part that is movable relative to this and at least two building bearings acting between the two building parts, a first building bearing being suitable for transferring vertical loads and a second building bearing being suitable for transferring vertical loads unsuitable horizontal force bearing with one or two axes fixed in the horizontal direction.
- the present invention relates to a structure according to the preamble of claim 1.
- Bridges in particular come into consideration as structures within the meaning of the present invention.
- the first part of the structure can be designed, for example, as an abutment (and thus as part of the substructure of the bridge), and the second part of the structure can be designed, for example, as the superstructure of the bridge.
- a guide bearing is therefore defined as "a bearing that only offers resistance in a horizontal direction, allows torsion and does not transmit vertical forces". Only such guide bearings in the above sense are uniaxially fixed horizontal force bearings in the horizontal direction if the bearing limits movements along both half-directions of a horizontal axis.
- a restraining structure defined as a bearing which "prevents movement in the horizontal plane, permits twisting and does not transmit vertical forces" corresponds to the horizontal biaxially fixed horizontal force bearing mentioned above, which is unsuitable for transmitting vertical loads.
- FIG. 1 discloses several typical uniaxial horizontal force bearing (guide bearing) as they can be used in a structure of the type described above.
- One of the guide bearings described in DIN EN 1337-8:2008-01(D), Figure 1 comprises two anchor structures, which are typically firmly connected to one of the two structural parts by means of suitable fasteners.
- the two anchor structures engage in one another in a type of tongue and groove configuration in such a way that movements along a horizontal axis are made possible, but are prevented in the second horizontal axis perpendicular to this.
- the two anchor structures are not in direct contact with each other, but rather via sliding elements arranged between the anchor structures, the sliding elements usually consisting of materials that are particularly suitable for forming low-friction sliding pairings.
- the guide bearing designed as a horizontal force bearing comprises a steel box with a base plate which, forming part of the first anchor structure, is placed on the bearing bench forming the first part of the building and is firmly connected to it.
- a flat recess is made on the solid superstructure forming the second part of the structure; an anchor plate, which forms part of the second anchor structure and is firmly connected to the solid superstructure, is inserted into this.
- the present invention is based on the object of providing a structure of the type described at the outset which, compared to the prior art, can be built and maintained more cost-effectively and ideally also used without restriction during the maintenance phase, and which is also more durable. Particular attention is paid also on the simplest possible and less error-prone connection of the horizontal force bearing to the two parts of the structure.
- the horizontal force bearing comprises a first and a second anchor structure, the first anchor structure being firmly connected to the first part of the structure via first anchor elements arranged on it, and the second anchor structure is firmly connected to the second building part via second anchor elements arranged on it.
- At least one first guide element with a first sliding surface is connected to the first anchor structure detachably connected, and at least one second guide element having a second sliding surface opposite the first sliding surface is detachably connected to the second anchor structure, the first and second sliding surfaces being in contact with one another and overlapping one another in the vertical direction to form at least one sliding contact zone.
- the at least one sliding contact zone overlaps the first anchor structure in a horizontal projection.
- the second anchor structure comprises support elements on which the associated at least one second guide element is supported in a form-fitting manner opposite its second sliding surface with horizontal force transmission.
- the second anchor structure and/or the at least one second guide element overlaps the first structural part in the horizontal projection.
- a structure can be realized with an extraordinarily flat horizontal force bearing compared to the prior art.
- the flat geometry of the horizontal force bearing ensures that the lever arms of the horizontal forces to be transmitted are extremely small and therefore only small moments act between the respective anchor structure and the corresponding part of the building.
- anchor structures, anchor elements and building parts of a building according to the invention are less heavily loaded in this way. This lower load is reflected in a longer service life of the structure and can also be translated into lower production costs through the reduction in material.
- Anchor elements are defined as components that can transfer tensile and shear forces. Said anchor elements can be designed as head bolts, for example.
- the structure is characterized in that the first part of the structure extends into the horizontal projection of the sliding contact zone. Since a particularly flat horizontal force bearing can be realized in this way, the associated advantages mentioned above apply to a very special degree.
- Another preferred development of the structure according to the invention is characterized in that at least one of the guide elements can be exchanged while the vertical distance between the two anchor structures remains unchanged.
- This vertical distance between the two anchor structures is during normal operation of the structure a largely constant size.
- This distance is defined by the design of the first structural bearing, which is suitable for transferring vertical loads and supports the two structural parts at a defined vertical distance from one another.
- the fact that at least one of the guide elements can be exchanged with the vertical distance between the two anchor structures remaining unchanged is an expression of the fact that at least one of the guide elements can be exchanged without having to lift a part of the building (and thus the vertical distance between the two anchor structures needs to be changed).
- the first structural bearing can also transfer loads in the vertical direction as intended during the replacement process of the guide elements of the horizontal force bearing. In this way, the guide elements can be replaced with minimal effort in the course of maintenance work.
- the structure according to the invention is a bridge, for example, the bridge can thus possibly even be used by traffic while the guide elements are being replaced. The costs of maintenance and the associated restrictions on the use of the structure are therefore very low.
- the sliding surface of at least one of the guide elements is particularly suitable for forming a low-friction sliding pair with the sliding surface of the corresponding, adjacent guide element by surface treatment, in particular by hardening and/or polishing.
- the low-friction sliding pairing reduces the abrasion of the guide elements caused by friction, which has a beneficial effect on the longevity of the component and the maintenance costs.
- At least one of the guide elements comprises a sliding element and a sliding element carrier, with a surface of the sliding element forming the sliding surface of the at least one guide element, and with the sliding element being made in particular of PTFE , UHMWPE or another equally suitable material.
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- UHMWPE ultra high molecular weight polyethylene
- the structure according to the invention is characterized in that at least one of the sliding elements can be exchanged while the vertical distance between the two anchor structures remains unchanged.
- at least one of the sliding elements can thus be replaced (as already explained above in connection with the guide elements) without a part of the structure having to be lifted for this purpose.
- a second anchor structure that is also very simple and compact with regard to the flow of forces can be realized if, in another preferred development of the structure according to the invention, the support elements (on which the associated second guide element is positively supported) are designed as support ribs.
- tie rods connecting the first anchor structure to the first building part are provided.
- the inventive building can be characterized in another advantageous development in that no tie rods connecting the second anchor structure to the second building part are provided.
- tie rods are defined as anchor elements that have a length-to-diameter ratio of more than 35.
- Tie rods can be designed in such a way that they are mainly suitable for transmitting tensile forces and, despite the reference to their diameter, by no means necessarily have to have a circular cross section.
- diameter is to be understood as meaning an equivalent diameter that can be determined by assigning a fictitious, equivalent diameter of a circular area of equal area to the actual cross-sectional area.
- tie rods which are common in the state of the art, for connecting an anchor structure to a building part, is only made possible by the extraordinarily flat design of the horizontal force bearing, since this minimizes the moment to be transmitted between the anchor structure and the building part and is therefore not necessary under certain circumstances arises to intercept the tensile forces generated by the moment via tie rods.
- the omission of tie rods allows for a greater degree of freedom in the Design of the parts of the building and thus of the entire building (since no tie rods have to be provided), and on the other hand it eliminates a frequent source of error on construction sites, since e.g. For example, in the case of concreting work to produce the tie rod mounts in the structural part (which are usually pending before the horizontal force bearing is delivered to the construction site), specifications are often not exactly adhered to, which can result in time-consuming and costly rework.
- the second anchor structure is secured by means of tie rods that act outside of the vertical projection of the first anchor structure , is firmly connected to the second part of the structure.
- At least one of the guide elements can be replaced while maintaining the position of the tie rods.
- the fact that the position of the tie rods can be maintained during the replacement of at least one of the guide elements expresses the fact that at least one of the guide elements can be replaced without the tie rods having to be removed for this purpose (and thus the position of the tie rods having to be changed).
- the support elements are designed as support ribs and the tie rods engage between two adjacent support ribs.
- This arrangement enables the realization of an extremely flat horizontal force bearing with the ones already mentioned above Advantages related to the minimization of the transmitted moments between the anchor structure and the building part.
- this design principle can obviously also be combined with the feature already mentioned, which provides for the exchangeability of the guide elements while maintaining the position of the tie rods (that is, without the tie rods having to be removed for this purpose).
- the first anchor structure forms an upper anchor structure and the second anchor structure forms a lower anchor structure. If the first, upper anchor structure is to be connected to the first part of the building using concrete, the above arrangement of the first anchor structure can enable the particularly simple use of the upper anchor structure as part of a permanent formwork, which depends on the other circumstances under which the structure is to be erected, can represent as extremely advantageous.
- first anchor structure forms a lower anchor structure and the second anchor structure forms an upper anchor structure.
- first anchor structure forms a lower anchor structure and the second anchor structure forms an upper anchor structure.
- An extremely flat horizontal force bearing (with the associated advantages already mentioned above) can be Realize the structure according to the invention when the first and second guide elements are located outside of the vertical projection of the first anchor structure.
- the first anchor structure is designed as an anchor plate and/or the second anchor structure comprises an anchor plate and support elements permanently connected to it.
- This embodiment also has the advantage that anchor plates and thus also the resulting anchor structure can be manufactured relatively cheaply, which has an advantageous effect on the manufacturing costs.
- the use of anchor plates is also very advantageous from a static point of view, since due to the relatively simple geometry of the anchor plate, the force flows that occur during intended use can be determined easily and quickly, which is advantageously reflected in low construction costs.
- the simple geometry of the anchor plate leads to clear load paths, which contributes to robust load-bearing behavior.
- the aim of providing a particularly flat horizontal force bearing is also served if, according to a further development of the invention, the horizontal extent of the first anchor structure is at least 10 times greater than its vertical extent and/or if the horizontal extent of the second anchor structure is at least 10 times greater than its vertical extent.
- the simplification of the assembly or the integration of the horizontal force bearing in the building is also beneficial if at least one first breakthrough is arranged in the first anchor structure and at least one second breakthrough is arranged in the second anchor structure, with a first and a second opening are aligned with one another, but at least overlap one another.
- concrete for example, can be passed through the aligned or overlapping openings and compacted in order in this way to connect the lower anchor structure to a building part.
- the simple implementation of this process with the help of aligned openings helps to reduce assembly costs and simplify assembly work, which helps to avoid mistakes during this activity.
- the first anchor structure comprises at least two first transport securing element receptacles and the second anchor structure comprises at least two second transport securing element receptacles, one first transport securing element recording and a second transport securing element recording aligned with each other.
- a transport securing element can be releasably connected to a first and simultaneously to a second transport securing element receptacle (the first and second transport securing element receptacles being aligned with one another), as a result of which the two anchor structures are fixed in relation to one another in a position defined by the transport element, which during transport as well as the installation phase can be advantageous.
- the transport safety element After the installation of the horizontal force bearing has been completed, the transport safety element must be removed in order to enable the intended operation of the horizontal force bearing.
- At least one of the anchor structures is made in one piece.
- the one-piece design and the associated omission of fasteners eliminates possible weak points and thus enables greater fatigue resistance.
- in one piece is understood as “not joined from several parts”.
- the first anchor structure is designed to be essentially rotationally symmetrical and the at least one first and the at least one second guide element are designed to be essentially in the shape of a circular arc.
- This embodiment is particularly advantageous for realizing a biaxially fixed horizontal force bearing (retaining structure), since the bearing properties within the plane in which the biaxially fixed horizontal force bearing prevents movements are independent of the direction.
- the support elements are arranged along a circular path, with the distance between two adjacent support elements defining a circular arc along the circular path that is larger than the respective circular arc of the corresponding first and second guide element.
- This allows the first and second guide members to be guided by the sufficiently spaced support members, e.g. H. can be dismantled and reassembled through the existing gap, which increases the maintenance-friendliness of the structure and thus helps to minimize maintenance costs.
- the first anchor structure is essentially rectangular and the at least one first and the at least one second guide element are im Substantially strip-shaped.
- This embodiment is particularly suitable for uniaxially fixed horizontal force bearings (guide bearings) in which relatively large movements along both half-directions of only one horizontal axis are to be made possible.
- Fig.1 schematically illustrates a structure 1 according to the invention, comprising a first structure part 2, a second structure part 3 that can be moved relative thereto and at least two structure bearings 4 acting between the two structure parts, 5, wherein a first structural bearing 4 is suitable for transferring vertical loads and a second structural bearing 5 is designed as a horizontal force bearing 5 which is unsuitable for transferring vertical loads and is uniaxially fixed in the horizontal direction.
- FIG.2 An embodiment of such a horizontal force bearing 5 is in Fig.2 shown in side view.
- Figure 3a and Fig.3b show the same horizontal force bearing 5, but for reasons of clarity only the lower part ( Figure 3a ) or only the upper part ( Fig.3b ) - each in the plan view.
- the horizontal force bearing 5 comprises a first, lower anchor structure 6 and a second, upper anchor structure 7.
- the first, lower anchor structure 6 is designed as a one-piece, essentially rectangular anchor plate 8 and has first anchor elements 9 arranged on it, which are designed as first headed bolts 10 , firmly connected to the first part 2 of the structure.
- the second, upper anchor structure 7 is also essentially rectangular and is firmly connected to the second building part 3 via second anchor elements 11 arranged on it, which are designed as second headed bolts 12 .
- the horizontal extension of the first anchor structure 6 and the second anchor structure 7 is at least 10 times greater than their respective vertical extension.
- Four first openings 13 are arranged in the first anchor structure 6 and four second openings 14 are arranged in the second anchor structure 7, with a first opening 13 and a second opening 14 being aligned with one another.
- Two essentially strip-shaped first guide elements 17, each with a first sliding surface 18, are detachably connected to the first anchor structure 6, and two essentially strip-shaped second guide elements 19, each with a second sliding surface 20 opposite the first sliding surface 18, are connected to the second anchor structure 7 detachably connected.
- the first sliding surfaces 18 and the second sliding surfaces 20 are in contact with each other and overlap each other in the vertical direction to form two sliding contact zones 21.
- the two sliding contact zones 21 overlap the first anchor structure 6 in horizontal projection.
- the first guide elements 17 and second guide elements 19 are located outside the vertical projection of the first anchor structure 6.
- the second anchor structure 7 comprises a second anchor plate 22 and support elements 24 designed as support ribs 23 and non-detachably connected to the anchor plate 22.
- the second guide elements 19 are each supported in a form-fitting manner with horizontal force transmission with the side opposite their second sliding surface 20 on the associated support elements 24 .
- the support ribs 23 of the second anchor structure 7, the second guide elements 19 and the two sliding contact zones 21 overlap the first building part 2 in the horizontal projection.
- the second anchor structure 7 is firmly connected to the second part of the building 3 by means of tie rods 25 which act outside of the vertical projection of the first anchor structure 6 between two adjacent support ribs 23 .
- the first anchor structure 6 does not have any tie rods connecting it to the first part 2 of the structure.
- the respective sliding surface 20 of both second guide elements 19 is particularly suitable for forming a low-friction sliding pairing with the respective sliding surface 18 of the corresponding, adjacent first guide elements 17 through surface treatment, for example hardening and/or polishing.
- the two first guide elements 17 each comprise a sliding element 26 and a sliding element carrier 27, with one surface of the sliding element 26 forming the sliding surface 18 of the respective first guide element 17.
- the sliding element 26 is made in particular from PTFE, UHMWPE or another equally suitable material.
- the guide elements 17, 19 and/or the sliding elements 26 are at an unchanged vertical distance between the two anchor structures 6, 7 from one another interchangeable, with the tie rods 25 being able to retain their position and thus not having to be removed.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
- Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Bauwerk, umfassend ein erstes Bauwerksteil, ein relativ zu diesem bewegliches zweites Bauwerksteil und mindestens zwei, zwischen den beiden Bauwerksteilen wirkende Bauwerkslager, wobei ein erstes Bauwerkslager geeignet ist vertikale Lasten zu übertragen und ein zweites Bauwerkslager als ein zur Übertragung vertikaler Lasten ungeeignetes, in horizontaler Richtung einachsig oder zweiachsig festes Horizontalkraftlager ausgeführt ist. Insbesondere betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung ein Bauwerk gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The present invention relates to a building, comprising a first building part, a second building part that is movable relative to this and at least two building bearings acting between the two building parts, a first building bearing being suitable for transferring vertical loads and a second building bearing being suitable for transferring vertical loads unsuitable horizontal force bearing with one or two axes fixed in the horizontal direction. In particular, the present invention relates to a structure according to the preamble of
Als Bauwerke im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung kommen insbesondere Brücken in Betracht. Das erste Bauwerksteil kann dabei beispielsweise als Widerlager (und somit als Teil des Unterbaus der Brücke), das zweite Bauwerksteil kann beispielsweise als Überbau der Brücke ausgeführt sein. Unter Horizontalkraftlagern sind in Anlehnung an DIN EN 1337-8:2008-01(D) Führungslager und Festhaltekonstruktionen zu verstehen. Ein Führungslager ist demnach als "Lager, das nur in einer horizontalen Richtung Widerstand bietet, Verdrehungen zulässt und keine Vertikalkräfte überträgt" definiert. Dabei sind nur solche Führungslager im obigen Sinne ein in horizontaler Richtung einachsig festes Horizontalkraftlager, wenn das Lager Bewegungen entlang beider Halbrichtungen einer horizontalen Achse begrenzt. Eine Festhaltekonstruktion, die als Lager definiert ist, welches "Bewegungen in der horizontalen Ebene verhindert, Verdrehungen zulässt und keine Vertikalkräfte überträgt", entspricht dem oben erwähnten zur Übertragung vertikaler Lasten ungeeigneten, in horizontaler Richtung zweiachsig festen Horizontalkraftlager.Bridges in particular come into consideration as structures within the meaning of the present invention. The first part of the structure can be designed, for example, as an abutment (and thus as part of the substructure of the bridge), and the second part of the structure can be designed, for example, as the superstructure of the bridge. According to DIN EN 1337-8:2008-01(D), horizontal force bearings are to be understood as guide bearings and retaining structures. A guide bearing is therefore defined as "a bearing that only offers resistance in a horizontal direction, allows torsion and does not transmit vertical forces". Only such guide bearings in the above sense are uniaxially fixed horizontal force bearings in the horizontal direction if the bearing limits movements along both half-directions of a horizontal axis. A restraining structure defined as a bearing which "prevents movement in the horizontal plane, permits twisting and does not transmit vertical forces" corresponds to the horizontal biaxially fixed horizontal force bearing mentioned above, which is unsuitable for transmitting vertical loads.
Horizontalkraftlager sind in vielfältigen Ausführungsformen aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt. DIN EN 1337-8:2008-01(D) offenbart mehrere typische einachsige Horizontalkraftlager (Führungslager), wie sie in einem Bauwerk der eingangs beschriebenen Art zum Einsatz kommen können. Eines der in DIN EN 1337-8:2008-01(D), Bild 1 beschriebenen Führungslager umfasst zwei Ankerstrukturen, wobei diese typischerweise mittels geeigneter Befestigungsmittel jeweils fest mit einem der beiden Bauwerksteile verbunden sind. Die beiden Ankerstrukturen greifen dabei in einer Art Feder-Nut-Konfiguration dergestalt ineinander, dass Bewegungen entlang einer horizontalen Achse ermöglicht, in der senkrecht zu dieser stehenden, zweiten horizontalen Achse aber unterbunden werden. Typischerweise stehen die beiden Ankerstrukturen dabei nicht direkt, sondern über zwischen den Ankerstrukturen angeordnete Gleitelemente miteinander in Kontakt, wobei die Gleitelemente meist aus Materialien bestehen, die sich in besonderer Weise dazu eignen reibungsarme Gleitpaarungen auszubilden.Horizontal force bearings are known in a variety of embodiments from the prior art. DIN EN 1337-8:2008-01(D) discloses several typical uniaxial horizontal force bearing (guide bearing) as they can be used in a structure of the type described above. One of the guide bearings described in DIN EN 1337-8:2008-01(D), Figure 1 comprises two anchor structures, which are typically firmly connected to one of the two structural parts by means of suitable fasteners. The two anchor structures engage in one another in a type of tongue and groove configuration in such a way that movements along a horizontal axis are made possible, but are prevented in the second horizontal axis perpendicular to this. Typically, the two anchor structures are not in direct contact with each other, but rather via sliding elements arranged between the anchor structures, the sliding elements usually consisting of materials that are particularly suitable for forming low-friction sliding pairings.
Die
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Bauwerk der eingangs beschriebenen Art bereitzustellen, welches im Vergleich zum Stand der Technik kostengünstiger gebaut, gewartet und idealerweise auch während der Wartungsphase uneingeschränkt genutzt werden kann, sowie darüber hinaus langlebiger ist. Besonderes Augenmerk liegt dabei auch auf der möglichst einfachen und wenig fehleranfälligen Anbindung des Horizontalkraftlagers an die beiden Bauwerksteile.The present invention is based on the object of providing a structure of the type described at the outset which, compared to the prior art, can be built and maintained more cost-effectively and ideally also used without restriction during the maintenance phase, and which is also more durable. Particular attention is paid also on the simplest possible and less error-prone connection of the horizontal force bearing to the two parts of the structure.
Gelöst wird diese Aufgabenstellung durch das Bauwerk nach Anspruch 1, d. h. durch ein Bauwerk der eingangs beschriebenen Art, bei welchem das Horizontalkraftlager eine erste und eine zweite Ankerstruktur umfasst, wobei die erste Ankerstruktur über an ihr angeordnete erste Ankerelemente fest mit dem ersten Bauwerksteil verbunden ist, und die zweite Ankerstruktur über an ihr angeordnete zweite Ankerelemente fest mit dem zweiten Bauwerksteil verbunden ist. Mindestens ein erstes Führungselement mit einer ersten Gleitoberfläche ist dabei mit der ersten Ankerstruktur lösbar verbunden, und mindestens ein zweites Führungselement mit einer der ersten Gleitoberfläche gegenüberstehenden zweiten Gleitoberfläche ist mit der zweiten Ankerstruktur lösbar verbunden, wobei die erste und die zweite Gleitoberfläche miteinander in Kontakt stehen und einander in vertikaler Richtung unter Ausbildung mindestens einer Gleitkontaktzone überlappen. Die mindestens eine Gleitkontaktzone überlappt dabei in horizontaler Projektion die erste Ankerstruktur. Ferner umfasst die zweite Ankerstruktur Stützelemente, an denen sich das zugeordnete mindestens eine zweite Führungselement gegenüberliegend seiner zweiten Gleitoberfläche mit horizontaler Kraftübertragung formschlüssig abstützt. Die zweite Ankerstruktur und/oder das mindestens eine zweite Führungselement überlappt dabei in der horizontalen Projektion das erste Bauwerksteil.This problem is solved by the structure according to
Durch die synergistische Kombination der vorstehend angegebenen, für das erfindungsgemäße Bauwerk charakteristischen Merkmale kann ein Bauwerk mit einem im Vergleich zum Stand der Technik außergewöhnlich flachen Horizontalkraftlager realisiert werden. Durch die flache Geometrie des Horizontalkraftlagers wird dabei erreicht, dass die Hebelarme der zu übertragenen Horizontalkräfte äußerst klein ausfallen und somit nur geringe Momente zwischen der jeweiligen Ankerstruktur und dem korrespondierenden Gebäudeteil wirken. Im Vergleich zum Stand der Technik, bei dem Horizontalkraftlager weniger flach ausgeführt sind und somit deutlich höhere Momente zwischen den Ankerstrukturen und den Bauwerksteilen wirken, werden Ankerstrukturen, Ankerelemente sowie Bauwerksteile eines erfindungsgemäßen Bauwerks auf diese Weise weniger stark belastet. Diese geringere Belastung schlägt sich in einer höheren Lebensdauer des Bauwerks nieder und lässt sich darüber hinaus durch Materialreduktion in geringere Herstellungskosten übersetzen.Through the synergistic combination of the features specified above, which are characteristic of the structure according to the invention, a structure can be realized with an extraordinarily flat horizontal force bearing compared to the prior art. The flat geometry of the horizontal force bearing ensures that the lever arms of the horizontal forces to be transmitted are extremely small and therefore only small moments act between the respective anchor structure and the corresponding part of the building. In comparison to the prior art, in which horizontal force bearings are designed less flat and thus significantly higher moments act between the anchor structures and the building parts, anchor structures, anchor elements and building parts of a building according to the invention are less heavily loaded in this way. This lower load is reflected in a longer service life of the structure and can also be translated into lower production costs through the reduction in material.
Eine feste Verbindung zwischen Ankerstruktur und Bauwerksteil über Ankerelemente im obigen Sinne ist dabei eine Verbindung, die im Rahmen der bestimmungs- und ordnungsgemäßen Verwendung bezogen auf eine technisch sinnvolle Größenordnung weder translatorische noch rotatorische Bewegungen zulässt, wobei es unerheblich ist, ob die Verbindung lösbar oder unlösbar ist. Ankerelemente sind dabei als Bauteile definiert, die Zug- und Schubkräfte übertragen können. Besagte Ankerelemente können beispielsweise als Kopfbolzen ausgeführt sein.A fixed connection between the anchor structure and part of the building via anchor elements in the above sense is a connection that, within the scope of intended and proper use, does not permit either translatory or rotational movements on a technically reasonable scale, and it is irrelevant whether the connection is detachable or non-detachable is. Anchor elements are defined as components that can transfer tensile and shear forces. Said anchor elements can be designed as head bolts, for example.
An dieser Stelle sei angemerkt, dass vorliegend aus Gründen der Lesbarkeit an einigen Stellen darauf verzichtet wurde, bei Komponenten, denen im Rahmen der erstmaligen Erwähnung eine Mindestanzahl zugeordnet wurde, diesen Hinweis auf besagte Mindestanzahl auch bei allen weiteren späteren Erwähnungen mitzuführen. Selbstverständlich gilt die bei der erstmaligen Erwähnung festgelegt Mindestanzahl einer Komponente im gleichen Maße für alle späteren Erwähnungen derselben, auch wenn der explizite Hinweis unterbleibt.At this point it should be noted that, for reasons of readability, in some places it has been decided not to include this reference to said minimum number in all subsequent mentions of components to which a minimum number was assigned when they were mentioned for the first time. Of course, the minimum number of a component specified when it is first mentioned applies equally to all later mentions of the same, even if the explicit reference is omitted.
Gemäß einer ersten bevorzugten Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist das Bauwerk dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich der erste Bauwerksteil in die horizontale Projektion der Gleitkontaktzone hineinerstreckt. Da auf diese Weise ein ganz besonders flaches Horizontalkraftlager realisiert werden kann, treffen die weiter oben erwähnten, damit einhergehenden Vorteile in ganz besonderem Maße zu.According to a first preferred development of the invention, the structure is characterized in that the first part of the structure extends into the horizontal projection of the sliding contact zone. Since a particularly flat horizontal force bearing can be realized in this way, the associated advantages mentioned above apply to a very special degree.
Eine andere bevorzugte Weiterbildung des erfindungsgemäßen Bauwerks zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass mindestens eines der Führungselemente bei unverändertem vertikalen Abstand der zwei Ankerstrukturen zueinander austauschbar ist.Another preferred development of the structure according to the invention is characterized in that at least one of the guide elements can be exchanged while the vertical distance between the two anchor structures remains unchanged.
Dieser vertikale Abstand der zwei Ankerstrukturen zueinander ist dabei während des bestimmungsgemäßen Betriebs des Bauwerks eine weitestgehend konstante Größe. Definiert wird dieser Abstand durch die Auslegung des ersten Bauwerkslagers, welches zur Übertragung vertikaler Lasten geeignet ist und die beiden Bauwerksteile in einem definierten vertikalen Abstand zueinander lagert. Dadurch, dass mindestens eines der Führungselemente bei unverändertem vertikalen Abstand der zwei Ankerstrukturen zueinander austauschbar ist, kommt somit zum Ausdruck, dass mindestens eines der Führungselemente ausgetauscht werden kann, ohne dass hierfür ein Bauwerksteil angehoben werden muss (und somit der vertikale Abstand der zwei Ankerstrukturen zueinander verändert werden muss). Somit kann das erste Bauwerkslager auch während des Austauschvorgangs der Führungselemente des Horizontalkraftlagers in vertikaler Richtung bestimmungsgemäß Lasten übertragen. Auf diese Weise wird ein im Zuge von Wartungsarbeiten erfolgendes Auswechseln der Führungselemente mit minimalem Aufwand ermöglicht. Durch den Entfall der Notwendigkeit des Anhebens eines Bauwerksteils kann im Zuge des Auswechselns der Führungselemente einerseits auf den Einsatz von zum Anheben benötigten, schweren Gerät verzichtet und andererseits das Bauwerk während der Wartungsphase ggf. sogar nahezu uneingeschränkt genutzt werden. Handelt es sich bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Bauwerk beispielsweise um eine Brücke, kann die Brücke somit ggf. sogar auch während des Auswechselns der Führungselemente vom Verkehr genutzt werden. Die Kosten der Wartung sowie die mit dieser einhergehenden Einschränkung der Nutzung des Bauwerks fallen somit nur sehr gering aus.This vertical distance between the two anchor structures is during normal operation of the structure a largely constant size. This distance is defined by the design of the first structural bearing, which is suitable for transferring vertical loads and supports the two structural parts at a defined vertical distance from one another. The fact that at least one of the guide elements can be exchanged with the vertical distance between the two anchor structures remaining unchanged is an expression of the fact that at least one of the guide elements can be exchanged without having to lift a part of the building (and thus the vertical distance between the two anchor structures needs to be changed). Thus, the first structural bearing can also transfer loads in the vertical direction as intended during the replacement process of the guide elements of the horizontal force bearing. In this way, the guide elements can be replaced with minimal effort in the course of maintenance work. By eliminating the need to lift a part of the structure, the use of heavy equipment required for lifting can be dispensed with when replacing the guide elements, and the structure can even be used almost without restrictions during the maintenance phase. If the structure according to the invention is a bridge, for example, the bridge can thus possibly even be used by traffic while the guide elements are being replaced. The costs of maintenance and the associated restrictions on the use of the structure are therefore very low.
Gemäß einer anderen bevorzugten Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist die Gleitoberfläche mindestens eines der Führungselemente durch Oberflächenbehandlung, insbesondere durch Härten und/oder Polieren, in besonderer Weise dazu geeignet, eine reibungsarme Gleitpaarung mit der Gleitoberfläche des korrespondierenden, angrenzenden Führungselements auszubilden. Durch die reibungsarme Gleitpaarung wird der reibungsbedingte Abrieb der Führungselemente reduziert, was sich vorteilhaft auf die Langlebigkeit des Bauteils sowie die Wartungskosten auswirkt.According to another preferred development of the invention, the sliding surface of at least one of the guide elements is particularly suitable for forming a low-friction sliding pair with the sliding surface of the corresponding, adjacent guide element by surface treatment, in particular by hardening and/or polishing. The low-friction sliding pairing reduces the abrasion of the guide elements caused by friction, which has a beneficial effect on the longevity of the component and the maintenance costs.
Derselbe Effekt kann erzielt werden, wenn alternativ zu oder in Kombination mit der soeben beschriebenen Weiterbildung der Erfindung mindestens eines der Führungselemente ein Gleitelement und einen Gleitelementträger umfasst, wobei eine Oberfläche des Gleitelements die Gleitoberfläche des mindestens einen Führungselements ausbildet, und wobei das Gleitelement insbesondere aus PTFE, UHMWPE oder einem anderen gleichermaßen geeigneten Material ausgeführt ist. Bei PTFE (Polytetrafluorethylen) und UHMWPE (Ultra-High-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene) handelt es sich dabei um im Stand der Technik genutzte, typische Gleitelementwerkstoffe.The same effect can be achieved if, as an alternative to or in combination with the development of the invention just described, at least one of the guide elements comprises a sliding element and a sliding element carrier, with a surface of the sliding element forming the sliding surface of the at least one guide element, and with the sliding element being made in particular of PTFE , UHMWPE or another equally suitable material. PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) and UHMWPE (ultra high molecular weight polyethylene) are typical sliding element materials used in the prior art.
In abermals bevorzugter Weiterbildung zeichnet sich das erfindungsgemäße Bauwerk dadurch aus, dass mindestens eines der Gleitelemente bei unverändertem vertikalen Abstand der zwei Ankerstrukturen zueinander austauschbar ist. Mit anderen Worten kann somit (wie bereits weiter oben im Zusammenhang mit den Führungselementen ausgeführt) mindestens eines der Gleitelemente ausgetauscht werden, ohne dass hierfür ein Bauwerksteil angehoben werden muss. Die weiter oben dargelegten Vorteile, die sich dadurch erreichen lassen, dass Führungselemente ausgetauscht werden können, ohne hierfür einen Bauwerksteil anheben zu müssen, können auch dadurch erreicht werden, dass (gesonderte) Gleitelemente in gleicher Weise austauschbar sind. Durch den Austausch von solchen gesonderten Gleitelementen anstelle von Führungselementen können darüber hinaus die anfallenden Wartungskosten noch weiter verringert werden, da ein Gleitelement typischerweise günstiger herzustellen ist als ein Führungselement.In another preferred development, the structure according to the invention is characterized in that at least one of the sliding elements can be exchanged while the vertical distance between the two anchor structures remains unchanged. In other words, at least one of the sliding elements can thus be replaced (as already explained above in connection with the guide elements) without a part of the structure having to be lifted for this purpose. The advantages set out above, which can be achieved in that guide elements can be exchanged without having to lift a part of the structure for this purpose, can also be achieved in that (separate) sliding elements can be exchanged in the same way. In addition, by exchanging such separate sliding elements instead of guide elements, the maintenance costs incurred can be reduced even further, since a sliding element is typically cheaper to produce than a guide element.
Eine auch hinsichtlich des Kraftflusses sehr einfach und kompakt aufgebaute zweite Ankerstruktur lässt sich realisieren, wenn in einer anderen bevorzugten Weiterbildung des erfindungsgemäßen Bauwerks die Stützelemente (an denen sich das jeweils zugeordnete zweite Führungselement formschlüssig abstützt) als Stützrippen ausgeführt sind.A second anchor structure that is also very simple and compact with regard to the flow of forces can be realized if, in another preferred development of the structure according to the invention, the support elements (on which the associated second guide element is positively supported) are designed as support ribs.
In einer anderen bevorzugten Weiterbildung der Erfindung sind keine die erste Ankerstruktur mit dem ersten Bauwerksteil verbindenden Zuganker vorgesehen. Alternativ oder in Kombination damit kann das erfinderische Bauwerk in einer anderen vorteilhaften Weiterbildung dadurch gekennzeichnet sein, dass keine die zweite Ankerstruktur mit dem zweiten Bauwerksteil verbindenden Zuganker vorgesehen sind. Zuganker sind dabei in diesem Sinne als Ankerelemente definiert, die ein Längen-Durchmesser-Verhältnis von größer als 35 vorweisen. Zuganker können so ausgelegt sein, dass sie sich überwiegend zur Übertragung von Zugkräften eignen und müssen dabei trotz des Verweises auf deren Durchmesser keineswegs zwingend einen kreisförmigen Querschnitt aufweisen. Im Falle eines nichtkreisförmigen Querschnitts ist unter Durchmesser ein äquivalenter Durchmesser zu verstehen, der sich ermitteln lässt, indem der tatsächlichen Querschnittsfläche ein fiktiver, äquivalenter Durchmesser einer flächengleichen Kreisfläche zugeordnet wird.In another preferred development of the invention, no tie rods connecting the first anchor structure to the first building part are provided. Alternatively or in combination with this, the inventive building can be characterized in another advantageous development in that no tie rods connecting the second anchor structure to the second building part are provided. In this context, tie rods are defined as anchor elements that have a length-to-diameter ratio of more than 35. Tie rods can be designed in such a way that they are mainly suitable for transmitting tensile forces and, despite the reference to their diameter, by no means necessarily have to have a circular cross section. In the case of a non-circular cross-section, diameter is to be understood as meaning an equivalent diameter that can be determined by assigning a fictitious, equivalent diameter of a circular area of equal area to the actual cross-sectional area.
Der Verzicht auf im Stand der Technik allgemein übliche Zuganker zur Verbindung von einer Ankerstruktur mit einem Bauwerksteil wird dabei gerade durch die außergewöhnlich flache Bauweise des Horizontalkraftlagers erst ermöglicht, da hierdurch das zwischen Ankerstruktur und Bauwerksteil zu übertragende Moment minimiert wird und somit unter gewissen Umständen keine Notwendigkeit entsteht, die vom Moment erzeugten Zugkräfte über Zuganker abzufangen. Der Verzicht auf Zuganker ermöglicht zum einen größere Freiheitsgrade bei der Gestaltung der Bauwerksteile und somit des gesamten Bauwerks (da keine Zuganker vorgesehen werden müssen), und zum anderen merzt er eine häufige Fehlerquelle auf Baustellen aus, da z. B. bei Betonierarbeiten zur Herstellung der Zugankeraufnahmen im Bauwerksteil (die in der Regel vor der Anlieferung des Horizontalkraftlagers auf der Baustelle anstehen) oftmals Vorgaben nicht exakt eingehalten werden, was zeit- und kostenintensive Nacharbeiten nach sich ziehen kann.The omission of tie rods, which are common in the state of the art, for connecting an anchor structure to a building part, is only made possible by the extraordinarily flat design of the horizontal force bearing, since this minimizes the moment to be transmitted between the anchor structure and the building part and is therefore not necessary under certain circumstances arises to intercept the tensile forces generated by the moment via tie rods. The omission of tie rods allows for a greater degree of freedom in the Design of the parts of the building and thus of the entire building (since no tie rods have to be provided), and on the other hand it eliminates a frequent source of error on construction sites, since e.g. For example, in the case of concreting work to produce the tie rod mounts in the structural part (which are usually pending before the horizontal force bearing is delivered to the construction site), specifications are often not exactly adhered to, which can result in time-consuming and costly rework.
Der besonderen Einbau- oder Belastungssituation des Horizontalkraftlagers geschuldet, kann zur Erzielung einer ausreichend festen Verbindung zwischen zweiter Ankerstruktur und zweitem Bauwerksteil allerdings gemäß einer anderen vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung vorgesehen sein, dass die zweite Ankerstruktur mittels Zuganker, die außerhalb der vertikalen Projektion der ersten Ankerstruktur angreifen, mit dem zweiten Bauwerksteil fest verbunden ist.Due to the special installation or loading situation of the horizontal force bearing, in order to achieve a sufficiently strong connection between the second anchor structure and the second part of the building, it can be provided according to another advantageous development of the invention that the second anchor structure is secured by means of tie rods that act outside of the vertical projection of the first anchor structure , is firmly connected to the second part of the structure.
Im Einklang mit der Zielsetzung die Wartungskosten sowie die Nutzungseinschränkungen während der Wartung zu minimieren, ist dabei gemäß einer anderen bevorzugten Weiterbildung der Erfindung mindestens eines der Führungselemente unter Beibehaltung der Position der Zuganker austauschbar. Dadurch, dass die Position der Zuganker während des Austauschens mindestens eines der Führungselemente beibehalten werden kann, kommt zum Ausdruck, dass mindestens eines der Führungselemente austauschbar ist, ohne dass hierfür Zuganker entfernt werden müssen (und somit die Position der Zuganker verändert werden muss).In line with the objective of minimizing maintenance costs and usage restrictions during maintenance, according to another preferred development of the invention, at least one of the guide elements can be replaced while maintaining the position of the tie rods. The fact that the position of the tie rods can be maintained during the replacement of at least one of the guide elements expresses the fact that at least one of the guide elements can be replaced without the tie rods having to be removed for this purpose (and thus the position of the tie rods having to be changed).
In abermals bevorzugter Weiterbildung sind die Stützelemente als Stützrippen ausgeführt und die Zuganker greifen zwischen zwei einander benachbarten Stützrippen an. Diese Anordnung ermöglicht die Realisierung eines ausgesprochen flachen Horizontalkraftlagers mit den oben bereits ausgeführten Vorteilen bezogen auf die Minimierung der übertragenen Momente zwischen Ankerstruktur und Bauwerksteil. Dabei kann dieses Konstruktionsprinzip ersichtlich auch mit jenem bereits erwähnten Merkmal kombiniert werden, welches die Austauschbarkeit der Führungselemente unter Beibehaltung der Position der Zuganker vorsieht (das heißt ohne dass hierfür Zuganker entfernt werden müssen).In another preferred development, the support elements are designed as support ribs and the tie rods engage between two adjacent support ribs. This arrangement enables the realization of an extremely flat horizontal force bearing with the ones already mentioned above Advantages related to the minimization of the transmitted moments between the anchor structure and the building part. In this case, this design principle can obviously also be combined with the feature already mentioned, which provides for the exchangeability of the guide elements while maintaining the position of the tie rods (that is, without the tie rods having to be removed for this purpose).
Gemäß einer anderen vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung bildet die erste Ankerstruktur eine obere Ankerstruktur und die zweite Ankerstruktur eine untere Ankerstruktur. Falls die erste, obere Ankerstruktur mithilfe von Beton mit dem ersten Bauwerksteil zu verbinden ist, kann die obige Anordnung der ersten Ankerstruktur die besonders einfache Nutzung der oberen Ankerstruktur als Teil einer verlorenen Schalung ermöglichen, was sich abhängig von den sonstigen Umständen, unten denen das Bauwerk zu errichten ist, als äußerst vorteilhaft darstellen kann.According to another advantageous development of the invention, the first anchor structure forms an upper anchor structure and the second anchor structure forms a lower anchor structure. If the first, upper anchor structure is to be connected to the first part of the building using concrete, the above arrangement of the first anchor structure can enable the particularly simple use of the upper anchor structure as part of a permanent formwork, which depends on the other circumstances under which the structure is to be erected, can represent as extremely advantageous.
Abhängig von der spezifischen Situation, in der das jeweilige Bauwerk zu errichten ist, kann es sich allerdings alternativ auch als vorteilhaft darstellen, wenn die erste Ankerstruktur eine untere Ankerstruktur und die zweite Ankerstruktur eine obere Ankerstruktur bilden. Dadurch, dass die Einbaulage des Horizontalkraftlagers somit flexibel angepasst werden kann, kann spezifischen Anforderungen des jeweiligen Bauwerks individuell Rechnung getragen werden. Die dadurch ermöglichte besonders vorteilhafte Gesamtauslegung des Bauwerks kann zur Reduktion der Bau- und Wartungskosten, zur Erhöhung der Langlebigkeit des Bauwerks sowie zur Ermöglichung ganz neuer baulicher Gestaltungen führen.Depending on the specific situation in which the respective structure is to be erected, however, it can alternatively also be advantageous if the first anchor structure forms a lower anchor structure and the second anchor structure forms an upper anchor structure. Because the installation position of the horizontal force bearing can be flexibly adjusted, specific requirements of the respective structure can be taken into account individually. The particularly advantageous overall design of the structure made possible by this can lead to a reduction in construction and maintenance costs, an increase in the longevity of the structure and the possibility of completely new structural designs.
Ein äußerst flaches Horizontalkraftlager (mit den damit verbundenen und oben bereits ausgeführten Vorteilen) lässt sich gemäß einer anderen vorteilhaften Weiterbildung des erfindungsgemäßen Bauwerks realisieren, wenn sich das erste und zweite Führungselement außerhalb der vertikalen Projektion der ersten Ankerstruktur befinden.An extremely flat horizontal force bearing (with the associated advantages already mentioned above) can be Realize the structure according to the invention when the first and second guide elements are located outside of the vertical projection of the first anchor structure.
Ebenfalls dem Zweck der Realisation eines besonders flachen Horizontalkraftlagers zuträglich ist es, wenn in einer weiteren Fortbildung der Erfindung die erste Ankerstruktur als Ankerplatte ausgeführt ist und/oder die zweite Ankerstruktur eine Ankerplatte sowie unlösbar mit dieser verbundene Stützelemente umfasst. Diese Ausführungsform hat darüber hinaus den Vorteil, dass Ankerplatten und somit auch die resultierende Ankerstruktur relativ günstig hergestellt werden können, was sich vorteilhaft auf die Herstellungskosten auswirkt. Darüber hinaus ist der Einsatz von Ankerplatten auch unter statischen Gesichtspunkten sehr vorteilhaft, da bedingt durch die relativ einfache Geometrie der Ankerplatte die auftretenden Kraftflüsse während des bestimmungsgemäßen Einsatzes einfach und schnell bestimmbar sind, was sich vorteilhaft in geringen Konstruktionskosten niederschlägt. Ferner führt die einfache Geometrie der Ankerplatte zu klaren Lastpfaden, was zu einem robusten Tragverhalten beiträgt.It is also beneficial for the purpose of realizing a particularly flat horizontal force bearing if, in a further development of the invention, the first anchor structure is designed as an anchor plate and/or the second anchor structure comprises an anchor plate and support elements permanently connected to it. This embodiment also has the advantage that anchor plates and thus also the resulting anchor structure can be manufactured relatively cheaply, which has an advantageous effect on the manufacturing costs. In addition, the use of anchor plates is also very advantageous from a static point of view, since due to the relatively simple geometry of the anchor plate, the force flows that occur during intended use can be determined easily and quickly, which is advantageously reflected in low construction costs. Furthermore, the simple geometry of the anchor plate leads to clear load paths, which contributes to robust load-bearing behavior.
Dem Ziel der Bereitstellung eines besonders flachen Horizontalkraftlagers dient es ebenso, wenn gemäß einer weiteren erfindungsgemäßen Weiterbildung die horizontale Ausdehnung der ersten Ankerstruktur mindestens 10-mal größer ist als deren vertikale Ausdehnung und/oder wenn die horizontale Ausdehnung der zweiten Ankerstruktur mindestens 10-mal größer ist als deren vertikale Ausdehnung.The aim of providing a particularly flat horizontal force bearing is also served if, according to a further development of the invention, the horizontal extent of the first anchor structure is at least 10 times greater than its vertical extent and/or if the horizontal extent of the second anchor structure is at least 10 times greater than its vertical extent.
Der Vereinfachung der Montage bzw. der Integration des Horizontalkraftlagers in das Bauwerk ist es ferner zuträglich, wenn in der ersten Ankerstruktur mindestens ein erster Durchbruch und in der zweiten Ankerstruktur mindestens ein zweiter Durchbruch angeordnet ist, wobei jeweils ein erster und ein zweiter Durchbruch miteinander fluchten, zumindest aber einander überlappen. Durch die fluchtenden bzw. einander überlappenden Durchbrüche hindurch kann während der Einbauphase des Horizontalkraftlagers beispielsweise Beton hindurchgeführt und verdichtet werden, um auf diese Weise die untere Ankerstruktur mit einem Bauwerksteil zu verbinden. Die einfache Realisation dieses Vorgangs mit Hilfe von fluchtenden Durchbrüchen hilft dabei Montagekosten zu reduzieren sowie die Montagearbeiten zu vereinfachen, was der Vermeidung von Fehlern während dieser Tätigkeit zuträglich ist.The simplification of the assembly or the integration of the horizontal force bearing in the building is also beneficial if at least one first breakthrough is arranged in the first anchor structure and at least one second breakthrough is arranged in the second anchor structure, with a first and a second opening are aligned with one another, but at least overlap one another. During the installation phase of the horizontal force bearing, concrete, for example, can be passed through the aligned or overlapping openings and compacted in order in this way to connect the lower anchor structure to a building part. The simple implementation of this process with the help of aligned openings helps to reduce assembly costs and simplify assembly work, which helps to avoid mistakes during this activity.
Im Zusammenhang mit dem Transport des Horizontalkraftlagers (z. B. zur Baustelle) ist es überdies besonders vorteilhaft, wenn in einer anderen Fortbildung des erfinderischen Bauwerks die erste Ankerstruktur mindestens zwei erste Transportsicherungselementaufnahmen umfasst und die zweite Ankerstruktur mindestens zwei zweite Transportsicherungselementaufnahmen umfasst, wobei je eine erste Transportsicherungselementaufnahme und je eine zweite Transportsicherungselementaufnahme miteinander fluchten. Ein Transportsicherungselement kann dabei lösbar mit einer ersten sowie gleichzeitig mit einer zweiten Transportsicherungselementaufnahme verbunden werden (wobei die erste und die zweite Transportsicherungselementaufnahmen dabei miteinander fluchten), wodurch die beiden Ankerstrukturen in einer, durch das Transportelement definierten Position zueinander fixiert werden, was während der Transport- sowie der Einbauphase vorteilhaft sein kann. Nachdem der Einbau des Horizontalkraftlagers abgeschlossen ist, ist das Transportsicherungselement zu entfernen, um den bestimmungsgemäßen Betrieb des Horizontalkraftlagers zu ermöglichen.In connection with the transport of the horizontal force bearing (e.g. to the construction site), it is also particularly advantageous if, in another development of the inventive structure, the first anchor structure comprises at least two first transport securing element receptacles and the second anchor structure comprises at least two second transport securing element receptacles, one first transport securing element recording and a second transport securing element recording aligned with each other. A transport securing element can be releasably connected to a first and simultaneously to a second transport securing element receptacle (the first and second transport securing element receptacles being aligned with one another), as a result of which the two anchor structures are fixed in relation to one another in a position defined by the transport element, which during transport as well as the installation phase can be advantageous. After the installation of the horizontal force bearing has been completed, the transport safety element must be removed in order to enable the intended operation of the horizontal force bearing.
Es kann sich überdies vor dem Hintergrund der Reduktion der Herstellungskosten als besonders vorteilhaft erweisen, wenn mindestens eine der Ankerstrukturen einteilig ausgeführt ist. Darüber hinaus eliminiert die einteilige Ausführung und der damit verbundene Verzicht auf Verbindungsmittel mögliche Schwachstellen und ermöglicht dadurch einen höheren Ermüdungswiderstand. Hierbei wird "einteilig" als "nicht aus mehreren Teilen gefügt" verstanden.In addition, against the background of the reduction in manufacturing costs, it can prove to be particularly advantageous if at least one of the anchor structures is made in one piece. In addition, the one-piece design and the associated omission of fasteners eliminates possible weak points and thus enables greater fatigue resistance. Here, "in one piece" is understood as "not joined from several parts".
Gemäß einer weiteren besonders vorteilhaften Fortbildung des erfinderischen Bauwerks ist die erste Ankerstruktur im Wesentlichen rotationssymmetrisch ausgeführt und sind das mindestens eine erste und das mindestens eine zweite Führungselement im Wesentlichen kreisbogenförmig ausgeführt. Insbesondere für die Realisation eines zweiachsig festen Horizontalkraftlagers (Festhaltekonstruktion) ist diese Ausführungsform in besonders vorteilhafter Art und Weise geeignet, da die Lagereigenschaften innerhalb jener Ebene, in der das zweiachsig feste Horizontalkraftlager Bewegungen verhindert, somit unabhängig von der Richtung sind.According to a further particularly advantageous development of the inventive structure, the first anchor structure is designed to be essentially rotationally symmetrical and the at least one first and the at least one second guide element are designed to be essentially in the shape of a circular arc. This embodiment is particularly advantageous for realizing a biaxially fixed horizontal force bearing (retaining structure), since the bearing properties within the plane in which the biaxially fixed horizontal force bearing prevents movements are independent of the direction.
Gemäß einer besonders bevorzugten Weiterbildung sind die Stützelemente dabei entlang einer Kreisbahn angeordnet, wobei der Abstand zwischen zwei benachbarten Stützelementen einen Kreisbogen entlang der Kreisbahn definiert, der größer ist als der jeweilige Kreisbogen des korrespondierenden ersten und zweiten Führungselements. Dadurch wird ermöglicht, dass das erste und zweite Führungselement durch die ausreichend beabstandeten Stützelemente, d. h. durch den bestehenden Zwischenraum hindurch demontiert sowie wieder montiert werden kann, was die Wartungsfreundlichkeit des Bauwerks erhöht und somit dazu beiträgt Wartungskosten zu minimieren.According to a particularly preferred development, the support elements are arranged along a circular path, with the distance between two adjacent support elements defining a circular arc along the circular path that is larger than the respective circular arc of the corresponding first and second guide element. This allows the first and second guide members to be guided by the sufficiently spaced support members, e.g. H. can be dismantled and reassembled through the existing gap, which increases the maintenance-friendliness of the structure and thus helps to minimize maintenance costs.
In einer alternativen aber gleichermaßen bevorzugten Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist die erste Ankerstruktur im Wesentlichen rechteckig ausgeführt und sind das mindestens eine erste und das mindestens eine zweite Führungselement im Wesentlichen leistenförmig ausgeführt. Diese Ausführungsform eignet sich insbesondere für einachsig feste Horizontalkraftlager (Führungslager), bei denen relativ große Bewegungen entlang beider Halbrichtungen nur einer horizontalen Achse ermöglicht werden sollen.In an alternative but equally preferred development of the invention, the first anchor structure is essentially rectangular and the at least one first and the at least one second guide element are im Substantially strip-shaped. This embodiment is particularly suitable for uniaxially fixed horizontal force bearings (guide bearings) in which relatively large movements along both half-directions of only one horizontal axis are to be made possible.
Ebenfalls dem Zweck der Realisation eines besonders flachen Horizontalkraftlagers zuträglich ist es, wenn die Stützelemente in die horizontale Projektion der Gleitkontaktzone hineinragen, bevorzugt mindestens bis zur horizontalen Projektion der Schwerelinie der Gleitkontaktzone ragen, besonders bevorzugt die horizontale Projektion der Gleitkontaktzone vollständig überdecken. In allen drei Ausführungsformen lässt sich - wenn auch in unterschiedlich starker Ausprägung - ein äußerst flaches Horizontalkraftlager erzielen, was die weiter oben bereits beschriebenen Vorteile mit sich bringt.It is also beneficial for the purpose of realizing a particularly flat horizontal force bearing if the support elements protrude into the horizontal projection of the sliding contact zone, preferably protrude at least up to the horizontal projection of the center of gravity of the sliding contact zone, particularly preferably completely cover the horizontal projection of the sliding contact zone. In all three embodiments, an extremely flat horizontal force bearing can be achieved—albeit to different extents—which entails the advantages already described above.
Nachfolgend wird ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung anhand der Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Dabei zeigt
- Fig.1
- das schematische Schnittbild eines Ausschnitts eines erfindungsgemäßen Bauwerks in der Seitenansicht,
- Fig.2
- das Horizontalkraftlager des Bauwerks nach
Fig.1 in der Seitenansicht, - Fig.3a
- den unteren und
Fig.3b den oberen Teil des Horizontalkraftlagers nachFig.2 jeweils einzeln in der Draufsicht, um die Übersichtlichkeit zu erhöhen.
- Fig.1
- the schematic sectional view of a section of a structure according to the invention in the side view,
- Fig.2
- the horizontal force bearing of the structure
Fig.1 in the side view, - Figure 3a
- the lower and
Fig.3b the upper part of the horizontal force bearingFig.2 each individually in the plan view to increase clarity.
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines derartigen Horizontalkraftlagers 5 ist in
Zwei im Wesentlichen leistenförmig ausgeführte erste Führungselemente 17 mit je einer ersten Gleitoberfläche 18 sind mit der ersten Ankerstruktur 6 lösbar verbunden, und zwei im Wesentlichen leistenförmig ausgeführte zweite Führungselemente 19 mit je einer der ersten Gleitoberfläche 18 gegenüberstehenden zweiten Gleitoberfläche 20 sind mit der zweiten Ankerstruktur 7 lösbar verbunden. Die ersten Gleitoberflächen 18 und die zweiten Gleitoberflächen 20 stehen miteinander in Kontakt und überlappen einander in vertikaler Richtung unter Ausbildung zweier Gleitkontaktzonen 21. Die zwei Gleitkontaktzonen 21 überlappen in horizontaler Projektion die erste Ankerstruktur 6. Die ersten Führungselemente 17 und zweiten Führungselemente 19 befinden sich dabei außerhalb der vertikalen Projektion der ersten Ankerstruktur 6.Two essentially strip-shaped
Die zweite Ankerstruktur 7 umfasst eine zweite Ankerplatte 22 und unlösbar mit der Ankerplatte 22 verbundene, als Stützrippen 23 ausgeführte Stützelemente 24.The
Die zweiten Führungselemente 19 stützen sich jeweils formschlüssig mit horizontaler Kraftübertragung mit der ihrer zweiten Gleitoberfläche 20 gegenüberliegenden Seite an den zugeordneten Stützelementen 24 ab. Die Stützrippen 23 der zweiten Ankerstruktur 7, die zweiten Führungselemente 19 und die beiden Gleitkontaktzonen 21 überlappen in der horizontalen Projektion dabei das erste Bauwerksteil 2. Ferner überdecken die Stützelemente 24 die horizontale Projektion der beiden Gleitkontaktzonen 21 vollständig. Die zweite Ankerstruktur 7 ist dabei mittels Zuganker 25, die außerhalb der vertikalen Projektion der ersten Ankerstruktur 6 zwischen zwei einander benachbarten Stützrippen 23 angreifen, mit dem zweiten Bauwerksteil 3 fest verbunden. Bei der ersten Ankerstruktur 6 sind keine diese mit dem ersten Bauwerksteil 2 verbindende Zuganker vorgesehen.The
Die jeweilige Gleitoberfläche 20 beider zweiten Führungselemente 19 ist durch Oberflächenbehandlung, beispielsweise durch Härten und/oder Polieren, in besonderer Weise dazu geeignet, eine reibungsarme Gleitpaarung mit der jeweiligen Gleitoberfläche 18 der korrespondierenden, angrenzenden ersten Führungselemente 17 auszubilden. Die beiden ersten Führungselemente 17 umfassen jeweils ein Gleitelement 26 und einen Gleitelementträger 27, wobei eine Oberfläche des Gleitelements 26 die Gleitoberfläche 18 des jeweiligen ersten Führungselements 17 ausbildet. Das Gleitelement 26 ist insbesondere aus PTFE, UHMWPE oder einem anderen gleichermaßen geeigneten Material ausgeführt.The respective sliding
Durch Entnahme und Wiedereinsetzen der Führungselemente 17, 19 und/oder der Gleitelemente 26 entlang der durch die Leistenform der Führungselemente 17, 19 definierten Achsen sind die Führungselemente 17, 19 und/oder die Gleitelemente 26 bei unverändertem vertikalem Abstand der zwei Ankerstrukturen 6, 7 zueinander austauschbar, wobei die Zuganker 25 hierbei ihre Position beibehalten können und somit nicht entfernt werden müssen.By removing and reinserting the
Claims (24)
- A building structure (1), comprising a first building structure part (2), a second building structure part (3), which is movable relative thereto, and at least two structural bearings (4, 5) acting between the two building structure parts, wherein a first structural bearing (4) is suitable for transmitting vertical loads, and a second structural bearing (5) has the following features:- The second structural bearing (5) is a horizontal force bearing (5), which is unsuitable for transmitting vertical loads and which is fixed in one axis or two axes in the horizontal direction;- the horizontal force bearing (5) comprises a first anchor structure (6), which is firmly connected to the first building structure part (2) via first anchor elements (9) arranged on said first anchor structure, and a second anchor structure (7), which is firmly connected to the second building structure part (3) via second anchor elements (11) arranged on said second anchor structure;- at least one first guide element (17) comprising a first sliding surface (18) is detachably connected to the first anchor structure (6), and at least one second guide element (19) comprising a second sliding surface (20) located opposite the first sliding surface (18) is detachably connected to the second anchor structure (7), wherein the first sliding contact surface (18) and the second sliding surface (20) are in contact with one another and overlap one another in the vertical direction by forming at least one sliding contact zone (21);- the at least one sliding contact zone (21) overlaps the first anchor structure (6) in the horizontal projection;- the second anchor structure (7) comprises support elements (24), on which the assigned at least one second guide element (19) is supported, located opposite its second sliding surface (20), in a positive manner with horizontal force transmission;characterized in that- the second anchor structure (7) and/or the at least one second guide element (19) overlaps the first building structure part (2) in the horizontal projection.
- The building structure (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the first building structure part (2) extends into the horizontal projection of the sliding contact zone (21).
- The building structure (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the guide elements (17, 19) can be exchanged when the vertical distance of the two anchor structures (6, 7) to one another is unchanged.
- The building structure (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sliding surface (18, 20) of at least one of the guide elements (17, 19) is suitable in a particular way to form a low friction sliding pairing with the sliding surface (18, 20) of the corresponding, adjacent guide element (17, 19) by means of surface treatment, in particular by means of curing and/or polishing.
- The building structure (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the guide elements (17, 19) comprises a sliding element (26) and a sliding element carrier (27), wherein a surface of the sliding element (26) forms the sliding surface (18, 20) of the at least one guide element (17, 19), and wherein the sliding element (26) is in particular made of PTFE or UHMWPE.
- The building structure (1) according to claim 5, characterized in that at least one of the sliding elements (26) can be exchanged when the vertical distance of the two anchor structures (6, 7) to one another is unchanged.
- The building structure (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support elements (24) are embodied as support ribs (23).
- The building structure (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that no tie rods, which connect the first anchor structure (6) to the first building structure part (2), are provided.
- The building structure (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that no tie rods, which connect the second anchor structure (7) to the second building structure part (3), are provided.
- The building structure (1) according to at least one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the second anchor structure (7) is firmly connected to the second building structure part (3) by means of tie rods (25), which engage outside of the vertical projection of the first anchor structure (6).
- The building structure (1) according to claim 10, characterized in that at least one of the guide elements (17, 19) can be exchanged by maintaining the position of the tie rods (25).
- The building structure (1) according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the support elements (24) are embodied as support ribs (23) and that the tie rods (25) engage between two support ribs (23), which are adjacent to one another.
- The building structure (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first anchor structure (6) forms an upper anchor structure, and the second anchor structure (7) forms a lower anchor structure.
- The building structure (1) according to at least one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the first anchor structure (6) forms a lower anchor structure (6), and the second anchor structure (7) forms an upper anchor structure (7) .
- The building structure (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first guide element (17) and second guide element (19) are located outside of the vertical projection of the first anchor structure (6).
- The building structure (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first anchor structure (6) is embodied as anchor plate (8) and/or the second anchor structure (7) comprises an anchor plate (22) as well as support elements (24), which are non-detachably connected thereto.
- The building structure (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the horizontal expansion of the first anchor structure (6) is at least 10-times greater than the vertical expansion thereof and/or that the horizontal expansion of the second anchor structure (7) is at least 10-times greater than the vertical expansion thereof.
- The building structure (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one first aperture (13) is arranged in the first anchor structure (6) and at least one second aperture (14) in the second anchor structure (7), wherein a first aperture (13) and a second aperture (14) are in each case aligned with one another.
- The building structure (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first anchor structure (6) comprises at least two first transportation securing element receptacles, and the second anchor structure (7) comprises at least two second transport securing element receptacles, wherein a respective first transport securing element receptacle and a respective second transport securing element receptacle are aligned with one another.
- The building structure (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the anchor structures (6, 7) is formed in one piece.
- The building structure (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first anchor structure (6) is embodied essentially rotationally symmetrically, and the at least one first and the at least one second guide element (17, 19) are embodied in an essentially circular arc-shaped manner.
- The building structure (1) according to claim 21, characterized in that the support elements (24) are arranged along a circular path, wherein the distance between two adjacent support elements (24) defines a circular arc along the circular path, which is greater than the respective circular arc of the corresponding first and second guide element (17, 19).
- The building structure (1) according to at least one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that the first anchor structure (6) is embodied essentially rectangularly, and the at least one first and the at least one second guide element (17, 19) are embodied in an essentially strip-shaped manner.
- The building structure (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support elements (24) protrude into the horizontal projection of the sliding contact zone (21), wherein the support elements (24) preferably protrude at least to the horizontal projection of the centroidal axis of the sliding contact zone (21), particularly preferably completely cover the horizontal projection of the sliding contact zone (21).
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DE102019115124.4A DE102019115124A1 (en) | 2019-06-05 | 2019-06-05 | Building |
PCT/EP2020/065078 WO2020245065A1 (en) | 2019-06-05 | 2020-05-29 | Building structure |
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DE102010033159A1 (en) | 2010-08-03 | 2012-02-09 | Db Netz Ag | Device for supporting railway bridge, has calotte that pushes away sliding metal sheet at steel box which is secured in base plate through head bolt dowel, over lubricating layer |
Family Cites Families (2)
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KR100741718B1 (en) * | 2007-03-14 | 2007-07-23 | 매크로드 주식회사 | A prestressed rubbing control type a shear key |
AT509074B1 (en) * | 2009-10-23 | 2011-06-15 | Rw Sollinger Huette Gmbh | BUILDING BEARING |
-
2019
- 2019-06-05 DE DE102019115124.4A patent/DE102019115124A1/en active Pending
-
2020
- 2020-05-29 WO PCT/EP2020/065078 patent/WO2020245065A1/en unknown
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Patent Citations (2)
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DE2063745A1 (en) | 1970-12-24 | 1972-07-06 | Kober Ag, Glarus (Schweiz) | Movable tilting bearing for bridges or similar structures |
DE102010033159A1 (en) | 2010-08-03 | 2012-02-09 | Db Netz Ag | Device for supporting railway bridge, has calotte that pushes away sliding metal sheet at steel box which is secured in base plate through head bolt dowel, over lubricating layer |
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ANONYMOUS DIESE: "MAURER MSM® Kalotten- und Zylinderlager", EUROPÄISCHE TECHNISCHE ZULASSUNG ETA-06/0131, DEUTSCHES INSTITUT FÜR BAUTECHNIK, 24 May 2013 (2013-05-24), pages 1 - 32, XP093142118, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://www.dibt.de/de/service/zulassungsdownload/detail/eta-060131> [retrieved on 20240318] |
ANONYMOUS: "Baustelleninformation: Einbaurichtlinie für Brückenlager", VHFL RICHTLINIE, VEREINIGUNG DER HERSTELLER VON FAHRBAHNÜBERGÄNGEN UND LAGERN FÜR BAUWERKE, 1 April 2018 (2018-04-01), pages 1 - 19, XP093142122, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://www.maurer.eu/fileadmin/mediapool/01_products/Bauwerkslager/Zulassungen/MSM_MSA_Kalottenlager/VHFL_RiLi_2__2018-04__Einbaurichtlinie_Lager_fin2.pdf> [retrieved on 20240318] |
ANONYMOUS: "DIN V 4141-13:1994-10 Lager im Bauwesen - Festhaltekonstruktionen und Horizontalkraftlager - Bauliche Durchbildung und Bemessung", DIN NORM, BEUTH VERLAG GMBH, BERLIN, 1 October 1994 (1994-10-01), Berlin, pages 1 - 24, XP009552795 |
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