EP3960886A1 - Non-grain oriented metallic flat product, method for its production and use of same - Google Patents
Non-grain oriented metallic flat product, method for its production and use of same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3960886A1 EP3960886A1 EP20193920.4A EP20193920A EP3960886A1 EP 3960886 A1 EP3960886 A1 EP 3960886A1 EP 20193920 A EP20193920 A EP 20193920A EP 3960886 A1 EP3960886 A1 EP 3960886A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- flat product
- temperature
- content
- weight
- strip
- Prior art date
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Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 15
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000446313 Lamella Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229910000976 Electrical steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001224 Grain-oriented electrical steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001336 glow discharge atomic emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004870 electrical engineering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009847 ladle furnace Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012925 reference material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
- H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/16—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of sheets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0226—Hot rolling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0236—Cold rolling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
- C21D8/0263—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment following hot rolling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
- C21D8/0273—Final recrystallisation annealing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0278—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips involving a particular surface treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
- C21D8/1216—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the working step(s) being of interest
- C21D8/1233—Cold rolling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
- C21D8/1244—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the heat treatment(s) being of interest
- C21D8/1272—Final recrystallisation annealing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/28—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with titanium or zirconium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/34—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of silicon
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
- H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/147—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/14766—Fe-Si based alloys
- H01F1/14791—Fe-Si-Al based alloys, e.g. Sendust
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C2202/00—Physical properties
Definitions
- the invention relates to a non-grain-oriented metallic flat product, a method for producing a flat product and also a use.
- metallic flat product includes, in particular, rolled products, such as steel strips or steel sheets, blanks or blanks produced by casting.
- the invention relates to flat products which are in the form of electrical steel and flat products which are in the form of electrical steel.
- Non-grain-oriented flat products in particular non-grain-oriented electrical strip or sheet, are required in many electrical engineering applications.
- NGO Non Grain Oriented
- the non-grain oriented metallic flat product is used to control and amplify the course of electromagnetic fields.
- Typical fields of application for such strips and sheets are rotors and stators in electric motors and electric generators.
- non-grain-oriented metallic flat products in particular non-grain-oriented electrical strip and non-grain-oriented electrical steel sheet, are required which combine comparatively low core losses at comparatively high frequencies with comparatively high magnetic polarization and induction and comparatively high permeability.
- the invention is based on the object of providing alternatives to known flat steel products which, with regard to their magnetic properties, remain the same or have better properties meet the requirements.
- the flat products to be provided should also be usable with very low final thicknesses of, for example, less than 0.35 mm.
- the invention is solved with a flat product with the features of claim 1.
- the invention is also solved with a method with the features of claim 7.
- the invention also includes a flat product with the features of claim 13 and a use with the features of claim 15 .
- Ni, Cu, Sn, Co, Zr, Nb, V and Mo can be present as optional components as long as the sum of the parts by weight of these elements does not exceed the limit specified above.
- Mg and Ca can be contained in a proportion of between 0.0005 and 0.005% by weight and are within the scope of this Description included in the above mentioned unavoidable impurities.
- a decisive measure for providing a flat product with a property combination of advantageous magnetic properties and advantageous mechanical properties could be achieved by significantly increasing the Mn content and the Cr content of the flat product with the alloy specification according to the invention compared to known compositions of electrical strips or sheets is.
- the materials according to the invention combine a comparatively high magnetic polarization with comparatively low core losses.
- the non-grain-oriented flat product is preferably non-grain-oriented electrical strip or non-grain-oriented electrical steel sheet, each made of a steel with an alloy composition according to the invention.
- Preferred flat products according to the invention have polarizations and core losses, for which the following relationships apply alternatively or cumulatively: Section P 1 , 0 ; 1000 ⁇ i.e / J 200 ; 1000 ⁇ Mn + Cr ⁇ 2 ⁇ 9 , and or P 1 , 0 ; 400 ⁇ 16 W / kg , and or P 1 , 0 ; 1000 ⁇ 70 W / kg .
- the relation P 1.0;400 ⁇ 16 W/kg indicates that core losses in W/kg in an alternating electromagnetic field with a core core frequency of 400 Hz and a magnetic flux density of 1.0 T in the material are less than 16 W/kg.
- the relation P 1.0;1000 ⁇ 16 W/kg indicates that core losses in W/kg in an alternating electromagnetic field with a core core frequency of 1000 Hz and a magnetic flux density of 1.0 T in the material are less than 70 W/kg.
- J 200;1000 > 1.0 i.e. the magnetic polarization at a magnetic field strength of 200 A/m in an alternating electromagnetic field with 1000 Hz is greater than 1.0 T.
- a particularly preferred flat product can alternatively or additionally be characterized by the surprisingly found property of the flat product that an increased content of Mn and Cr is set in the surface layers due to annealing of the production process.
- Mn and Cr are enriched in the surface layers of the flat product compared to the inside of the flat product.
- the flat product preferably has an Mn and Cr content in a surface layer, ie a boundary region to the surface, which, integrated over the volume of this boundary region, has a value of 0.2 or higher in relation to the Al and Si content.
- the flat product has a Mn and Cr content in the uppermost 0.95 micrometers below its surface, integrated over the volume of this boundary region, which has a value of 0.2 in relation to the Al and Si content or higher.
- the surface layer from 0 to 0.95 ⁇ m, that is, to a depth of 0.95 ⁇ m below the surface, after final annealing, that the ratio of the sum of the mass occupancy of the volume integral of Mn and Cr to the sum of the mass occupancy of the volume integral of Si and Al is greater than or equal to 0.2.
- a flat product according to the invention can particularly preferably be characterized in that the specific electrical resistance at a temperature of 28° C. has a value between 0.60 ⁇ mm 2 /m and 0.70 ⁇ mm 2 /m, more preferably between 0.60 ⁇ mm 2 /m and 0.65 ⁇ mm 2 /m.
- An electrical resistivity with this proviso correlates with the good magnetic properties obtained.
- the flat product is particularly preferably present with a maximum thickness of less than 0.35 mm, with a thickness between 0.19 mm and 0.31 mm being particularly preferred.
- the flat product is sheet metal or strip, the thickness of which satisfies the stated criterion at every point.
- the flat product is preferably present in the small thicknesses mentioned, since the hysteresis losses are lower with these small thicknesses than with greater thicknesses.
- the improved processability of the flat product according to the invention unfolds its particular advantages as a result of the expected excellent cold-rollability.
- final annealing is understood as meaning the annealing of the flat product according to the invention at the end of the production process, ie as the last process step before the insulating varnish coating.
- Step D) takes place after Step C)
- the hot strip is coiled after step C) or, if carried out, after step D) before, if carried out, step E) and/or before step F) with a coiling temperature between 500° C. and 750 °C
- the hot strip annealing of step E) is carried out at a temperature between 700°C and 790°C. It is preferable that the hot strip annealing is carried out for not less than 12 hours and not more than 36 hours.
- step F leads to particularly advantageous properties of the flat product obtained at a total degree of cold rolling of between 75% and 90%. It is particularly preferred if the flat product is rolled to a thickness of between 0.19 mm and 0.31 mm. Particularly preferably, no more than four stitches are carried out.
- Properties have proven to be advantageous for the final annealing when it is carried out at a preferred temperature between 930° C. and 1070° C., with the duration of the final annealing particularly preferably not exceeding 300 seconds amounts to.
- the minimum duration of the final anneal is preferably 50 seconds.
- the final annealing preferably takes place in a continuously operated furnace through which the flat product has to pass, for example in a horizontal continuous furnace.
- Steps A) to G) are particularly preferably carried out in their alphabetically specified order.
- a further aspect of the present application is a flat product which can be obtained using one of the aforementioned methods or its developments.
- a further aspect of the present application is the use of a section punched out of one of the aforementioned flat products as a lamella of a rotating electrical machine.
- variant 1, variant 2 and variant 3 electrical strips according to the invention were produced, referred to below as variant 1, variant 2 and variant 3.
- the compositions of variants 1, 2 and 3 are listed in Table 1. Further variants, referred to as variant ref. 1, variant ref. 2 and variant ref.
- low sulfur and nitrogen contents were set using a ladle furnace and slabs were produced using continuous casting or thin slab casting.
- a strip was then produced from each of these by means of hot rolling, pickling, hot strip annealing, cold rolling and final annealing.
- the material was heated to a maximum of 1200° C. before hot rolling, rolled to a hot strip thickness of 1.3-1.9 mm up to a final rolling temperature of 820 °C-890 °C and a coiling temperature of 500 °C-750 °C.
- the hot strips produced are pickled and then annealed at 700-790° C. for 24 hours, with this step not necessarily being part of the invention, it is therefore optional.
- the annealed hot strip was formed with a total degree of cold rolling of 75-90% to a final thickness of 0.19-0.31 mm (+/- 8%) with a maximum of 4 passes.
- the final annealing takes place at a maximum temperature between 930-1070°C.
- Table 1 sample Preheat temperature before hot rolling in degrees Celsius Finishing temperature in degrees Celsius Hot strip thickness in mm Coil temperature in degrees Celsius Hot strip annealing temperature in degrees Celsius Total degree of cold rolling in percent Final thickness in mm number of stitches Final annealing temperature in degrees Celsius
- Var. 1 1120 840°C 1.6 620 740 Different see Table 4 Different see table 4 4 Different see Table 4 Var. 2 1120 840°C 1.6 620 740 so so 4 so Var.
- the magnetic values P at 1.0 T and 1000 Hz and J at 200 A/m and 1000 Hz were determined using a 60 ⁇ 60 mm 2 table in accordance with IEC404-3, with a mean value being formed from a longitudinal and a transverse value .
- Table 4 the following properties of the prepared samples 1.1, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 3.1 from analyzes 1-3 and samples Ref. 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 3.1 to 3.5 from analyzes Ref. 1-3 are shown, where the digits after the point refer to the fact that several samples were randomly produced from one sample for the optical analysis in order to underpin the reliability of the tests carried out. For example, five samples were produced from the reference materials 3, which were numbered 3.1 to 3.5.
- the peculiarity of the element enrichment of Mn and Cr in the surface layers of the flat product was determined using glow discharge spectroscopy according to test specification ISO 11505:2012-12. The measurement is made on the top (US) and bottom (US) of the samples. Bandwidth measurements were also performed at the edge (R1/R2) and center (M) sample locations. An integral evaluation of the mass coverage from the surface (0 ⁇ m) to a sample depth of 0.95 ⁇ m for Mn, Cr, Al and Si was calculated from the measurement curves obtained for the mass over a sample depth of 0 to 12 ⁇ m.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Steel Electrode Plates (AREA)
- Soft Magnetic Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Die Erfindung betrifft ein nicht kornorientiertes metallisches Flachprodukt, das unter anderem vergleichsweise hohe Gewichtsanteile an Mn und Cr aufweist. Die Erfindung betrifft außerdem ein Verfahren zur Herstellung und eine Verwendung.The invention relates to a non-grain-oriented metallic flat product which, among other things, has comparatively high proportions by weight of Mn and Cr. The invention also relates to a method for production and a use.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein nicht kornorientiertes metallisches Flachprodukt, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Flachprodukts sowie außerdem eine Verwendung.The invention relates to a non-grain-oriented metallic flat product, a method for producing a flat product and also a use.
Der Begriff des metallischen Flachprodukts umfasst im Rahmen der beschriebenen Entwicklungen insbesondere Walzprodukte, wie beispielsweise Stahlbänder oder Stahlbleche, mittels Ausgießens hergestellte Zuschnitte oder Platinen. Insbesondere betrifft die Erfindung Flachprodukte, die als Elektroband aus einem Stahl ausgebildet sind und Flachprodukte, die als Elektroblech aus einem Stahl ausgebildet sind.In the context of the developments described, the term metallic flat product includes, in particular, rolled products, such as steel strips or steel sheets, blanks or blanks produced by casting. In particular, the invention relates to flat products which are in the form of electrical steel and flat products which are in the form of electrical steel.
Nicht kornorientierte Flachprodukte, insbesondere nicht kornorientiertes Elektroband oder -blech, werden in vielen elektrotechnischen Anwendungen benötigt.Non-grain-oriented flat products, in particular non-grain-oriented electrical strip or sheet, are required in many electrical engineering applications.
Nicht kornorientiertes Elektroband oder -blech, häufig auch als "NO-Elektroband" beziehungsweise "NO-Elektroblech" bezeichnet, im Englischen als "NGO Electrical Steel" ("NGO" = Non Grain Oriented), dient beispielsweise als Grundmaterial für die Herstellung von Bestandteilen einer rotierenden elektrischen Maschine. In einer solchen Anwendung wird mit dem nicht kornorientierten metallischen Flachprodukt der Verlauf elektromagnetischer Felder gesteuert und verstärkt. Typische Anwendungsfelder derartiger Bänder und Bleche sind Rotoren und Statoren in elektrischen Motoren und elektrischen Generatoren.Non-grain-oriented electrical strip or sheet, often also referred to as "NO electrical steel" or "NO electrical sheet", in English as "NGO Electrical Steel" ("NGO" = Non Grain Oriented), is used, for example, as a base material for the manufacture of components a rotating electrical machine. In such an application, the non-grain oriented metallic flat product is used to control and amplify the course of electromagnetic fields. Typical fields of application for such strips and sheets are rotors and stators in electric motors and electric generators.
Bei vielen Elektromotoren ist ein Betrieb bei hohen Drehzahlen pro Zeiteinheit gewünscht, beispielsweise bei Motoren, die für Anwendungen im Rahmen der sogenannten Elektromobilität entwickelt werden und dadurch zunehmend an Bedeutung gewinnen. Der Betrieb eines Elektromotors bei hohen Drehzahlen geht einher mit hohen Frequenzen des benötigten elektromagnetischen Wechselfelds, das letztlich die Basis für den Antrieb des Motors ist. Es sind daher zunehmend Werkstoffe erforderlich, die auf eine Anwendung in elektromagnetischen Wechselfeldern mit vergleichsweise hohen Frequenzen ausgelegt sind.For many electric motors, operation at high speeds per unit of time is desired, for example in the case of motors that are being developed for applications in the context of so-called electromobility and are therefore increasingly popular Gain meaning. The operation of an electric motor at high speeds is accompanied by high frequencies of the required alternating electromagnetic field, which is ultimately the basis for driving the motor. Materials are therefore increasingly required that are designed for use in electromagnetic alternating fields with comparatively high frequencies.
Bei der Entwicklung von Elektromotoren für einen Betrieb mit hochfrequenten Wechselfeldern sieht sich der Materialentwickler vor die Herausforderung gestellt, einen Beitrag zur Effizienzerhöhung des Elektromotors zu leisten. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden nicht kornorientierte metallische Flachprodukte, insbesondere nicht kornorientiertes Elektroband und nicht kornorientiertes Elektroblech, benötigt, welche vergleichsweise niedrige Ummagnetisierungsverluste bei vergleichsweise hohen Frequenzen mit einer vergleichsweise hohen magnetischen Polarisation und Induktion sowie vergleichsweise hoher Permeabilität kombinieren.When developing electric motors for operation with high-frequency alternating fields, the material developer is faced with the challenge of making a contribution to increasing the efficiency of the electric motor. Against this background, non-grain-oriented metallic flat products, in particular non-grain-oriented electrical strip and non-grain-oriented electrical steel sheet, are required which combine comparatively low core losses at comparatively high frequencies with comparatively high magnetic polarization and induction and comparatively high permeability.
Gute Kombinationen dieser Eigenschaften werden in bewährten Elektrobändern und Elektroblechen durch einen hohen Gewichtsanteil von Silizium und/oder von Aluminium in der Ausgangslegierung des Elektrobands beziehungsweise des Elektroblechs herbeigeführt. Hohe Anteile dieser Elemente gehen jedoch in der Regel mit dem nachteiligen Effekt einher, dass entsprechende bisher bekannte NO-Elektrobänder beziehungsweise NO-Elektrobleche mit den genannten Eigenschaften infolge ihres hohen Silizium- und/oder Aluminium-Gehalts ein vergleichsweise hohes Maß an Sprödigkeit aufweisen mit den damit einhergehenden Nachteilen in der Verarbeitbarkeit, beispielsweise in der Kaltwalzbarkeit. Beispielsweise können während einem Kaltwalzen entsprechenden NO-Elektrobands vermehrt Bandreißer auftreten.Good combinations of these properties are brought about in tried-and-tested electrical steel and electrical steel by a high proportion by weight of silicon and/or aluminum in the starting alloy of the electrical steel or electrical steel. However, high proportions of these elements are usually accompanied by the disadvantageous effect that corresponding previously known NO electrical steel strips or NO electrical steel sheets with the properties mentioned have a comparatively high degree of brittleness due to their high silicon and/or aluminum content associated disadvantages in processability, for example in cold rollability. For example, more and more strip tears can occur during cold rolling of corresponding NO electrical strip.
Vor dem Hintergrund der obigen Erläuterungen liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zu Grunde, Alternativen für bekannte Stahlflachprodukte bereitzustellen, die hinsichtlich ihrer magnetischen Eigenschaften in gleichbleibendem oder höherem Maße den gestellten Anforderungen entsprechen. Die bereitzustellenden Flachprodukte sollen auch bei sehr niedrigen Enddicken von beispielsweise weniger als 0,35 mm verwendbar sein.Against the background of the above explanations, the invention is based on the object of providing alternatives to known flat steel products which, with regard to their magnetic properties, remain the same or have better properties meet the requirements. The flat products to be provided should also be usable with very low final thicknesses of, for example, less than 0.35 mm.
Die Erfindung wird gelöst mit einem Flachprodukt mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1. Die Erfindung wird außerdem gelöst mit einem Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 7. Die Erfindung umfasst außerdem ein Flachprodukt mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 13 und eine Verwendung mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 15.The invention is solved with a flat product with the features of claim 1. The invention is also solved with a method with the features of claim 7. The invention also includes a flat product with the features of claim 13 and a use with the features of claim 15 .
Es ist ein nicht kornorientiertes metallisches Flachprodukt vorgesehen, das aus einem Stahl mit den nachfolgend genannten Legierungsbestandteilen besteht, die Elemente angegeben in Gewichts-Prozent, kurz: Gew.-%:
- C: 0,0020 bis 0,005;
- Si: 2,6 bis 2,9;
- Al: 0,5 bis 0,8;
- Mn: 1,1 bis 1,3;
- Cr: 0,7 bis 1,6, bevorzugt 0,9 bis 1,6, besonders bevorzugt 1,0 bis 1,6;
- N: 0,0001 bis 0,0060;
- S: 0,0001 bis 0,0035;
- Ti: 0,001 bis 0,010;
- P: 0,004 bis 0,060;
- optionale Bestandteile: 0,001 bis zu 0,15;
- C: 0.0020 to 0.005;
- Si: 2.6 to 2.9;
- Al: 0.5 to 0.8;
- Mn: 1.1 to 1.3;
- Cr: 0.7 to 1.6, preferably 0.9 to 1.6, particularly preferably 1.0 to 1.6;
- N: 0.0001 to 0.0060;
- S: 0.0001 to 0.0035;
- Ti: 0.001 to 0.010;
- P: 0.004 to 0.060;
- optional ingredients: 0.001 up to 0.15;
Rest Fe und unvermeidbare Verunreinigungen.remainder Fe and unavoidable impurities.
Es versteht sich, dass die Angabe des Rests sich darauf bezieht, dass die Gewichtsanteile aller Legierungsbestandteile inklusive des Rests sich zu 100 Gew.-% summieren.It goes without saying that the statement of the remainder refers to the fact that the weight proportions of all alloy components including the remainder add up to 100% by weight.
Als optionale Bestandteile können insbesondere Ni, Cu, Sn, Co, Zr, Nb, V und Mo vorliegen, solange die Summe der Gewichtsanteile dieser Elemente die oben angegebene Grenze nicht überschreitet.In particular, Ni, Cu, Sn, Co, Zr, Nb, V and Mo can be present as optional components as long as the sum of the parts by weight of these elements does not exceed the limit specified above.
Mg und Ca können prozessbedingt mit einem Anteil zwischen 0,0005 bis 0,005 Gew.-% enthalten sein und sind im Rahmen dieser Beschreibung in den oben erwähnten unvermeidbaren Verunreinigungen enthalten.Depending on the process, Mg and Ca can be contained in a proportion of between 0.0005 and 0.005% by weight and are within the scope of this Description included in the above mentioned unavoidable impurities.
Eine entscheidende Maßnahme für eine Bereitstellung eines Flachprodukts mit einer Eigenschaftskombination aus vorteilhaften magnetischen Eigenschaften und vorteilhaften mechanischen Eigenschaften konnte erzielt werden, indem mit der erfindungsgemäßen Legierungsvorschrift der Mn-Anteil und der Cr-Anteil an dem Flachprodukt gegenüber bekannten Zusammensetzungen von Elektrobändern oder -blechen beträchtlich erhöht ist.A decisive measure for providing a flat product with a property combination of advantageous magnetic properties and advantageous mechanical properties could be achieved by significantly increasing the Mn content and the Cr content of the flat product with the alloy specification according to the invention compared to known compositions of electrical strips or sheets is.
Durch den insoweit erhöhten Mn-Gehalt und durch den insoweit erhöhten Cr-Gehalt wird gegenüber Materialien mit hohem Si- und/oder Al-Gehalt, aber niedrigem Mn- und/oder Cr-Gehalt, überraschenderweise nicht nur ein Eigenschaftsprofil der magnetischen Eigenschaften im Rahmen der gewünschten Werte erreicht, sondern zusätzlich wurden überraschende Ergebnisse erhalten, die auf vorteilhaftes Verhalten bei mechanischer Beanspruchung, beispielsweise bei einem Kaltwalzen, schließen lassen. Beides wird nachfolgend im Rahmen von der Beschreibung hergestellter Beispiele eingehend erläutert und belegt.Due to the increased Mn content and the increased Cr content compared to materials with a high Si and/or Al content but a low Mn and/or Cr content, surprisingly not only a property profile of the magnetic properties is acceptable the desired values were achieved, but surprising results were also obtained which indicate advantageous behavior under mechanical stress, for example during cold rolling. Both are explained and documented in detail below in the context of the description of examples produced.
Hinsichtlich der magnetischen Eigenschaften hat sich überraschenderweise gezeigt, dass die erfindungsgemäßen Materialien eine vergleichsweise hohe magnetische Polarisation mit vergleichsweise niedrigen Ummagnetisierungsverlusten kombinieren.With regard to the magnetic properties, it has surprisingly been shown that the materials according to the invention combine a comparatively high magnetic polarization with comparatively low core losses.
Bevorzugt handelt es sich bei dem nicht kornorientierten Flachprodukt um nicht kornorientiertes Elektroband oder nicht kornorientiertes Elektroblech, jeweils aus einem Stahl mit erfindungsgemäßer Legierungszusammensetzung.The non-grain-oriented flat product is preferably non-grain-oriented electrical strip or non-grain-oriented electrical steel sheet, each made of a steel with an alloy composition according to the invention.
Bevorzugte erfindungsgemäße Flachprodukte weisen Polarisationen und Ummagnetisierungsverluste auf, für welche alternativ oder kumulativ die nachfolgenden Relationen gelten:
Die Formelzeichen in der oberen Formel sind dabei wie folgt gewählt:
- "Abs[]": Absolutbetrag der innerhalb der eckigen Klammer befindlichen Werte;
- P1,0;1000: Ummagnetisierungsverluste in W/kg in einem elektromagnetischen Wechselfeld mit 1000 Hz Ummagnetisierungsfrequenz und 1,0 T magnetischer Flussdichte im Material;
- P1,0;400: Ummagnetisierungsverluste in W/kg in einem elektromagnetischen Wechselfeld mit 400 Hz Ummagnetisierungsfrequenz und 1,0 T magnetischer Flussdichte im Material;
- J200;1000: Magnetische Polarisation bei einer magnetischen Feldstärke von 200 A/m in einem elektromagnetischen Wechselfeld mit 1000 Hz;
- d: Dicke des Materials in mm.
- "Abs[]": absolute value of the values within the square brackets;
- P 1.0;1000 : Core losses in W/kg in an alternating electromagnetic field with a core core frequency of 1000 Hz and a magnetic flux density of 1.0 T in the material;
- P 1.0;400 : Core losses in W/kg in an alternating electromagnetic field with a core core frequency of 400 Hz and a magnetic flux density of 1.0 T in the material;
- J 200;1000 : Magnetic polarization at a magnetic field strength of 200 A/m in an alternating electromagnetic field at 1000 Hz;
- d: thickness of the material in mm.
Alle Zahlenwerte der obigen Werte sind innerhalb der eckigen Klammer der Formel als dimensionslose Zahlenwerte, das heißt: ohne die Einheiten, einzusetzen. Es handelt sich um eine empirisch gefundene Formel, welche die erhaltenen Ergebnisse zusammenfasst und bei den bevorzugten erfindungsgemäßen Proben gültig ist, wenn die dimensionslosen Zahlenwerte eingesetzt werden, die zu den oben erläuterten Formelzeichen mit den oben angegeben Einheiten gehörig sind.All numerical values of the above values are to be used within the square brackets of the formula as dimensionless numerical values, i.e. without the units. It is an empirically found formula which summarizes the results obtained and is valid for the preferred samples according to the invention when the dimensionless numerical values are used which belong to the formula symbols explained above with the units indicated above.
Die Relation P1,0;400 < 16 W/kg gibt an, dass Ummagnetisierungsverluste in W/kg in einem elektromagnetischen Wechselfeld mit 400 Hz Ummagnetisierungsfrequenz und 1,0 T magnetischer Flussdichte im Material weniger als 16 W/kg betragen.The relation P 1.0;400 < 16 W/kg indicates that core losses in W/kg in an alternating electromagnetic field with a core core frequency of 400 Hz and a magnetic flux density of 1.0 T in the material are less than 16 W/kg.
Die Relation P1,0;1000 < 16 W/kg gibt an, dass Ummagnetisierungsverluste in W/kg in einem elektromagnetischen Wechselfeld mit 1000 Hz Ummagnetisierungsfrequenz und 1,0 T magnetischer Flussdichte im Material weniger als 70 W/kg betragen.The relation P 1.0;1000 < 16 W/kg indicates that core losses in W/kg in an alternating electromagnetic field with a core core frequency of 1000 Hz and a magnetic flux density of 1.0 T in the material are less than 70 W/kg.
Alternativ oder zusätzlich gilt bevorzugt:
J200;1000 > 1,0, dass also die magnetische Polarisation bei einer magnetischen Feldstärke von 200 A/m in einem elektromagnetischen Wechselfeld mit 1000 Hz größer als 1,0 T ist.Alternatively or additionally, the following preferably applies:
J 200;1000 > 1.0, i.e. the magnetic polarization at a magnetic field strength of 200 A/m in an alternating electromagnetic field with 1000 Hz is greater than 1.0 T.
Verfahren zu Bestimmung von Polarisation und Feldstärke sind dem Fachmann bekannt, beispielsweise mittels eines Epsteinrahmens zur Bestimmung der Polarisation, insbesondere gemäß DIN EN 60404-2:2009-01: Magnetische Werkstoffe - Teil 2: Verfahren zur Bestimmung der magnetischen Eigenschaften von Elektroband und -blech mit Hilfe eines Epsteinrahmens.Methods for determining polarization and field strength are known to those skilled in the art, for example using an Epstein frame for determining polarization, in particular according to DIN EN 60404-2:2009-01: Magnetic materials - Part 2: Method for determining the magnetic properties of electrical steel and sheet using an Epstein frame.
Bevorzugte Flachprodukte können alternativ oder zusätzlich dadurch charakterisiert werden, dass bei einer Temperatur zwischen jeweils einschließlich 18 °C und 28 °C, wobei also 18 und 28 °C ebenfalls mitumfasst sind, bevorzugt bei jeder Temperatur zwischen jeweils einschließlich 20 °C und 24 °C, die folgende Relation eingehalten ist:
- [Mn]:
- dimensionsloser Wert des Mn-Gehalts in Gew.-%,
- [Cr]:
- dimensionsloser Wert des Cr-Gehalts in Gew.-%,
- [ρspez] :
- dimensionsloser Wert des spezifischen elektrischen Widerstands in Ωmm2/m, insbesondere an schlussgeglühtem Kaltband.
- [Mn]:
- dimensionless value of the Mn content in % by weight,
- [Cr]:
- dimensionless value of the Cr content in % by weight,
- [ρspec] :
- dimensionless value of the specific electrical resistance in Ωmm 2 /m, especially on fully annealed cold strip.
Es hat sich gezeigt, dass Flachprodukte, bei denen die oben genannte Relation zwischen spezifischem elektrischen Widerstand und Mn- sowie Cr-Gehalt erfüllt ist, in besonders erwünschtem Maße die gewünschten Eigenschaften kombinieren. Mit der Relation wird der Gewichtsanteil von Mn an der Stahllegierung mit dem Gewichtsanteil von Cr an der Stahllegierung verknüpft. Dadurch wird für einen gegebenen spezifischen Widerstand erreicht, dass zum einen ein Mindestgehalt an auch in der Summe der beiden Mn oder Cr vorhanden ist, mit dem ein Herbeiführen des spezifischen Widerstands und der damit einhergehenden elektromagnetischen Eigenschaften möglich ist und zum Anderen ein Maximalgehalt an Mn oder Cr auch in der Summe der beiden nicht überschritten wird mit den damit einhergehenden Nachteilen in den elektromagnetischen Eigenschaften.It has been shown that flat products in which the above-mentioned relationship between specific electrical resistance and Mn and Cr content is satisfied combine the desired properties to a particularly desired extent. The relation is used to link the proportion by weight of Mn in the steel alloy to the proportion by weight of Cr in the steel alloy. In this way, for a given resistivity, a minimum content of is also present in the sum of the two Mn or Cr, with which it is possible to bring about the resistivity and the associated electromagnetic properties, and on the other hand a maximum content of Mn or Cr is not exceeded even in the sum of the two, with the associated disadvantages in the electromagnetic properties.
Ein besonders bevorzugtes Flachprodukt lässt sich alternativ oder zusätzlich durch die überraschend festgestellte Eigenschaft des Flachprodukts charakterisieren, dass sich durch ein Glühen des Produktionsverfahrens ein erhöhter Gehalt an Mn und Cr in den Oberflächenschichten einstellt. Das heißt mit anderen Worten: In den Randschichten des Flachprodukts reichert sich Mn und Cr gegenüber dem Inneren des Flachprodukts an.A particularly preferred flat product can alternatively or additionally be characterized by the surprisingly found property of the flat product that an increased content of Mn and Cr is set in the surface layers due to annealing of the production process. In other words: Mn and Cr are enriched in the surface layers of the flat product compared to the inside of the flat product.
Das heißt beispielsweise, dass eine Tiefe unterhalb der Oberfläche existiert, bis zu welcher hin das Flachprodukt in einem oberhalb eines bestimmten Maßes einen höheren Mn-Gehalt und einen höheren Cr-Gehalt aufweist als im Inneren des Flachprodukts, wobei selbstverständlich diese Tiefe beidseitig existiert, also an der Oberseite und an der Unterseite des Flachprodukts.This means, for example, that there is a depth below the surface up to which the flat product has a higher Mn content and a higher Cr content than inside the flat product to an extent above a certain level, with this depth naturally existing on both sides, i.e at the top and bottom of the flat product.
Bevorzugt weist das Flachprodukt in einer Randschicht, das heißt: einem Grenzbereich zur Oberfläche, einen Gehalt an Mn und Cr auf, der integriert über das Volumen dieses Grenzbereichs im Verhältnis zu einem Gehalt an Al und Si einen Wert von 0,2 oder höher beträgt.The flat product preferably has an Mn and Cr content in a surface layer, ie a boundary region to the surface, which, integrated over the volume of this boundary region, has a value of 0.2 or higher in relation to the Al and Si content.
In einem besonders bevorzugten Spezialfall weist das Flachprodukt in den obersten 0,95 Mikrometern unterhalb seiner Oberfläche, integriert über das Volumen dieses Grenzbereichs, einen Gehalt an Mn und Cr auf, der im Verhältnis zu einem Gehalt an Al und Si einen Wert von 0,2 oder höher beträgt.In a particularly preferred special case, the flat product has a Mn and Cr content in the uppermost 0.95 micrometers below its surface, integrated over the volume of this boundary region, which has a value of 0.2 in relation to the Al and Si content or higher.
Mit anderen Worten gilt bevorzugt, dass die Oberflächenschicht von 0 bis 0,95 µm, das heißt bis in eine Tiefe von 0,95 Mikrometern unterhalb der Oberfläche, nach der Schlussglühung, dass das Verhältnis von der Summe der Massenbelegung des Volumenintegrals von Mn und Cr zu der Summe der Massenbelegung des Volumenintegrals von Si und Al größer oder gleich 0,2 ist.In other words, it is preferable that the surface layer from 0 to 0.95 µm, that is, to a depth of 0.95 µm below the surface, after final annealing, that the ratio of the sum of the mass occupancy of the volume integral of Mn and Cr to the sum of the mass occupancy of the volume integral of Si and Al is greater than or equal to 0.2.
Mathematisch ausgedrückt:
- [Mn]:
- dimensionsloser Wert des Mn-Gehalts in Gew.-%,
- [Cr]:
- dimensionsloser Wert des Cr-Gehalts in Gew.-%,
- [Al]:
- dimensionsloser Wert des Al-Gehalts in Gew.-%,
- [Si] :
- dimensionsloser Wert des Si-Gehalts in Gew.-%,
- [Mn]:
- dimensionless value of the Mn content in % by weight,
- [Cr]:
- dimensionless value of the Cr content in % by weight,
- [Al]:
- dimensionless value of the Al content in % by weight,
- [si] :
- dimensionless value of the Si content in % by weight,
Es hat sich in tiefenaufgelösten Elementanalysen überraschenderweise gezeigt, dass mit der erfindungsgemäß vorliegenden Elementzusammensetzung die Voraussetzung für die genannte Anreicherung an Mn und Cr in oberflächennahen Bereichen des Flachprodukts geschaffen ist. Diese Besonderheit der Elementanreicherung von Mn und Cr in den oberflächennahen Bereichen wurde an schlussgeglühten Proben mittels Glimmentladungsspektroskopie (engl. Glow-discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GDOES)) nach Prüfvorschrift ISO 11505:2012-12 experimentell ermittelt.It has surprisingly been shown in depth-resolved element analyzes that the element composition present according to the invention creates the prerequisite for the mentioned enrichment of Mn and Cr in regions of the flat product close to the surface. This peculiarity of the element enrichment of Mn and Cr in the near-surface areas was determined experimentally on finally annealed samples using glow-discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GDOES) according to test specification ISO 11505:2012-12.
Aufgrund der besonderen und neuartigen Verteilung der Elemente in der Oberflächenschicht bis in eine Tiefe von 0,95 µm des erfindungsgemäßen Flachprodukts mit einem höheren Mn- und Cr-Gehalt im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen hochsilizierten Elektroband-Flachprodukten kann in einem gewissen Maße unterbunden werden, dass sich die dem Fachmann bekannten versprödenden Ordnungsphasen (D03-Strukturen) durch eine Anreicherung hoher Si- und Al-Gehalte in der Oberfläche ausbilden, vermutlich herbeigeführt durch eine Mn- und Crbedingte "Störung" der Ordnung im Atomgitter. Dadurch, dass die bekannten Si- und Al-induzierten Sprödphasen aufgrund des beschriebenen anteiligen Übergewichts im Sinne einer relativ zum Si-Gehalt und Al-Gehalt erfolgten Anreicherung von Mn und Cr zwangsläufig in ihrem Ausmaß zurückgehen, entfallen folglich die dem Fachmann bekannten nachteiligen Auswirkungen dieser Sprödphasen auf die Umformeignung, weswegen die erfindungsgemäßen Flachprodukte und ihre Weiterbildungen eine bessere Verarbeitbarkeit beim Kaltwalzen, Stanzen und Beschichten sowie generell beim Umformen aufweist.Due to the special and novel distribution of the elements in the surface layer down to a depth of 0.95 μm of the flat product according to the invention with a higher Mn and Cr content compared to conventional high-silicon electrical steel flat products can be prevented to a certain extent that the brittle order phases (DO3 structures) known to those skilled in the art form through an accumulation of high Si and Al contents in the surface, presumably brought about by a Mn and Cr-related "disorder" in the order in the atomic lattice. The fact that the known Si and Al-induced brittle phases due to the proportional overweight described in terms of a relative to Si content and Al content, the extent of the enrichment of Mn and Cr inevitably decreases, so the disadvantageous effects of these brittle phases on the suitability for forming, which are known to the person skilled in the art, are eliminated, which is why the flat products according to the invention and their developments have better workability in cold rolling, stamping and coating as well generally exhibits during forming.
Besonders bevorzugt kann ein erfindungsgemäßes Flachprodukt alternativ oder zusätzlich dadurch charakterisiert werden, dass der spezifische elektrische Widerstand bei einer Temperatur von 28°C einen Wert zwischen 0,60 Ωmm2/m und 0,70 Ωmm2/m, noch bevorzugter zwischen 0,60 Ωmm2/m und 0,65 Ωmm2/m, aufweist. Ein spezifischer elektrischer Widerstand mit dieser Maßgabe korreliert mit den erhaltenen guten magnetischen Eigenschaften.Alternatively or additionally, a flat product according to the invention can particularly preferably be characterized in that the specific electrical resistance at a temperature of 28° C. has a value between 0.60 Ωmm 2 /m and 0.70 Ωmm 2 /m, more preferably between 0.60 Ωmm 2 /m and 0.65 Ωmm 2 /m. An electrical resistivity with this proviso correlates with the good magnetic properties obtained.
Besonders bevorzugt liegt das Flachprodukt mit einer Höchstdicke von weniger als 0,35 mm vor, wobei eine Dicke zwischen 0,19 mm und 0,31 mm besonders bevorzugt ist. In einer Ausführung ist das Flachprodukt ein Blech oder ein Band, dessen Dicke an jeder Stelle das genannte Kriterium erfüllt. Das Flachprodukt liegt bevorzugt in den genannten niedrigen Dicken vor, da bei diesen niedrigen Dicken die Ummagnetisierungsverluste geringer sind als bei höheren Dicken. Die verbesserte Verarbeitbarkeit des erfindungsgemäßen Flachprodukts entfaltet infolge der erwarteten hervorragenden Kaltwalzbarkeit dadurch seine besonderen Vorteile.The flat product is particularly preferably present with a maximum thickness of less than 0.35 mm, with a thickness between 0.19 mm and 0.31 mm being particularly preferred. In one embodiment, the flat product is sheet metal or strip, the thickness of which satisfies the stated criterion at every point. The flat product is preferably present in the small thicknesses mentioned, since the hysteresis losses are lower with these small thicknesses than with greater thicknesses. The improved processability of the flat product according to the invention unfolds its particular advantages as a result of the expected excellent cold-rollability.
Mit einem der nachfolgend erläuterten Verfahren können Materialien hergestellt werden, welche die auf der eingangs beschriebenen Legierungsvorschrift basierenden Vorteile aufweisen. Beispielsweise wird durch das nachfolgend erläuterte erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ein Flachprodukt hergestellt, das eine besonders vorteilhafte Eigenschaftskombination aufweist. Es werden die folgenden Schritte durchgeführt:
- A) das Schmelzen einer Schmelze, enthaltend eine Elementzusammensetzung nach der eingangs genannten Legierungsvorschrift;
- B) Vergießen der Schmelze zu einem walzbaren Vorprodukt, insbesondere einem Vorband, einer Bramme oder einer Dünnbramme;
- C) Warmwalzen des Vorprodukts mit einer Walzendtemperatur zwischen 820°C und 890°C;
- D) Beizen;
- E) optional Warmbandglühung;
- F) Kaltwalzen;
- G) Schlussglühung.
- A) the melting of a melt containing an element composition according to the alloy specification mentioned at the outset;
- B) Casting of the melt to form a pre-product that can be rolled, in particular a pre-strip, a slab or a thin slab;
- C) hot rolling of the preliminary product with a final rolling temperature between 820°C and 890°C;
- D) pickling;
- E) optional hot strip annealing;
- F) cold rolling;
- G) final annealing.
Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung wird unter Schlussglühung die Glühung des erfindungsgemäßen Flachprodukts am Ende des Herstellungsverfahrens, das heißt: als letzter Verfahrensschritt vor der Isolierlackbeschichtung, verstanden.In the context of the present invention, final annealing is understood as meaning the annealing of the flat product according to the invention at the end of the production process, ie as the last process step before the insulating varnish coating.
Besonders vorteilhafte Eigenschaften werden erhalten, wenn das Vorprodukt zu Beginn des Warmwalzens auf eine Vorwärmtemperatur von nicht mehr als 1200°C erwärmt wird.Particularly advantageous properties are obtained when the preliminary product is heated to a preheating temperature of not more than 1200° C. at the beginning of the hot rolling.
Besonders bevorzugt ist, dass das Warmband im Anschluss an Schritt C) oder, sofern durchgeführt, im Anschluss an Schritt D) vor, sofern durchgeführt, Schritt E) und/oder vor Schritt F) aufgehaspelt wird mit einer Haspeltemperatur zwischen 500°C und 750°C.It is particularly preferred that the hot strip is coiled after step C) or, if carried out, after step D) before, if carried out, step E) and/or before step F) with a coiling temperature between 500° C. and 750 °C
Bevorzugt ist, dass das Warmbandglühen des Schritts E) bei einer Temperatur zwischen 700 °C und 790 °C durchgeführt wird. Bevorzugt ist, dass das Warmbandglühen nicht weniger als 12 Stunden und nicht mehr als 36 Stunden lang durchgeführt wird.It is preferred that the hot strip annealing of step E) is carried out at a temperature between 700°C and 790°C. It is preferable that the hot strip annealing is carried out for not less than 12 hours and not more than 36 hours.
Das Kaltwalzen des Schritts F) führt bei einem Gesamtkaltwalzgrad zwischen 75 % und 90 % zu besonders vorteilhaften Eigenschaften des erhaltenen Flachprodukts. Besonders bevorzugt ist, wenn das Flachprodukt auf eine Dicke zwischen 0,19 mm und 0,31 mm gewalzt wird. Besonders bevorzugt werden nicht mehr als vier Stiche durchgeführt.The cold rolling of step F) leads to particularly advantageous properties of the flat product obtained at a total degree of cold rolling of between 75% and 90%. It is particularly preferred if the flat product is rolled to a thickness of between 0.19 mm and 0.31 mm. Particularly preferably, no more than four stitches are carried out.
Für das Schlussglühen haben sich Eigenschaften als vorteilhaft erwiesen, wenn es bei einer bevorzugten Temperatur zwischen 930°C und 1070°C durchgeführt wird, wobei besonders bevorzugt die Dauer des Schlussglühens maximal 300 Sekunden beträgt. Die minimale Dauer des Schlussglühens beträgt bevorzugt 50 Sekunden.Properties have proven to be advantageous for the final annealing when it is carried out at a preferred temperature between 930° C. and 1070° C., with the duration of the final annealing particularly preferably not exceeding 300 seconds amounts to. The minimum duration of the final anneal is preferably 50 seconds.
Das Schlussglühen erfolgt bevorzugt in einem kontinuierlich betriebenen und von dem Flachprodukt zu durchfahrenen Ofen, beispielsweise in einem horizontalen Durchlaufofen.The final annealing preferably takes place in a continuously operated furnace through which the flat product has to pass, for example in a horizontal continuous furnace.
Besonders bevorzugt ist, wenn die beschriebene Schlussglühung einstufig, aber nicht zweistufig erfolgt.It is particularly preferred if the final annealing described takes place in one stage but not in two stages.
Besonders bevorzugt erfolgen die Schritte A) bis G) in ihrer alphabetisch vorgegebenen Reihenfolge.Steps A) to G) are particularly preferably carried out in their alphabetically specified order.
Ein weiterer Aspekt der vorliegenden Anmeldung ist ein Flachprodukt, welches mit einem der vorgenannten Verfahren oder seiner Weiterbildungen erhältlich ist.A further aspect of the present application is a flat product which can be obtained using one of the aforementioned methods or its developments.
Ein weiterer Aspekt der vorliegenden Anmeldung ist eine Verwendung eines Ausschnitts, der aus einem der vorgenannten Flachprodukte ausgestanzt ist, als Lamelle einer rotierenden elektrischen Maschine.A further aspect of the present application is the use of a section punched out of one of the aforementioned flat products as a lamella of a rotating electrical machine.
Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail below using exemplary embodiments.
Es wurden 3 erfindungsgemäße Elektrobänder hergestellt, nachfolgend als Variante 1, Variante 2 und Variante 3 bezeichnet. Die Zusammensetzungen der Varianten 1, 2 und 3 sind in Tabelle 1 aufgeführt. Weitere Varianten, bezeichnet als Variante Ref. 1, Variante Ref. 2 und Variante Ref. 3, dienen als nicht erfindungsgemäße Vergleichsproben, deren Legierungszusammensetzungen ebenfalls in Tabelle 1 aufgeführt sind.3 electrical strips according to the invention were produced, referred to below as variant 1, variant 2 and variant 3. The compositions of variants 1, 2 and 3 are listed in Table 1. Further variants, referred to as variant ref. 1, variant ref. 2 and variant ref.
Aus den angegebenen Legierungen wurden geringe Schwefel- und Stickstoffgehalte über einen Pfannenofen eingestellt und über Strangguß beziehungsweise Dünnbrammengießen Brammen erzeugt. Aus diesen wurde sodann mittels Warmwalzen, Beizen, Warmbandglühung, Kaltwalzen und Schlussglühung jeweils ein Band hergestellt. Das Material wurde bei den Beispielen vor dem Warmwalzen auf maximal 1200 °C erwärmt, gewalzt auf eine Warmbanddicke von 1,3-1,9 mm bis zu einer Walzendtemperatur von 820 °C-890 °C und Haspeltemperatur von 500 °C-750 °C.From the specified alloys, low sulfur and nitrogen contents were set using a ladle furnace and slabs were produced using continuous casting or thin slab casting. A strip was then produced from each of these by means of hot rolling, pickling, hot strip annealing, cold rolling and final annealing. In the examples, the material was heated to a maximum of 1200° C. before hot rolling, rolled to a hot strip thickness of 1.3-1.9 mm up to a final rolling temperature of 820 °C-890 °C and a coiling temperature of 500 °C-750 °C.
Die erzeugten Warmbänder werden gebeizt und anschließend bei 700-790 °C für 24 Stunden geglüht, wobei dieser Schritt nicht zwingend Bestandteil der Erfindung ist, er ist also optional. Das geglühte Warmband wurde mit einem Gesamtkaltwalzgrad von 75-90 % auf eine Enddicke von 0,19-0,31 mm (+/- 8%) mit maximal 4 Stichen umgeformt.The hot strips produced are pickled and then annealed at 700-790° C. for 24 hours, with this step not necessarily being part of the invention, it is therefore optional. The annealed hot strip was formed with a total degree of cold rolling of 75-90% to a final thickness of 0.19-0.31 mm (+/- 8%) with a maximum of 4 passes.
Die Schlussglühung erfolgt mit einer maximalen Temperatur zwischen 930-1070°C.The final annealing takes place at a maximum temperature between 930-1070°C.
Die Herstellungsparameter der Varianten 1 bis 3 sowie Ref. 1 bis Ref. 3 sind in Tabelle 1 wiedergegeben.
Der spezifische elektrische Widerstand der Proben wurde nach der Schlussglühung gemessen. Hierzu wurde eine Wheatstonesche Messbrücke gemäß DIN EN 60404-13:2015-01 verwendet.
In Tabelle 3 sind Eigenschaften der hergestellten Proben 1 bis 3 und Ref. 1 bis Ref. 3 gezeigt.In Table 3, properties of the manufactured Samples 1 to 3 and Ref. 1 to Ref. 3 are shown.
Die magnetischen Werte P bei 1,0 T und 1000 Hz sowie J bei 200 A/m und 1000 Hz wurden mittels 60 x 60 mm2-Tafel gemäß IEC404-3 bestimmt, wobei jeweils ein Mittelwert aus einem Längs- und einem Querwert gebildet wurde.The magnetic values P at 1.0 T and 1000 Hz and J at 200 A/m and 1000 Hz were determined using a 60×60 mm 2 table in accordance with IEC404-3, with a mean value being formed from a longitudinal and a transverse value .
Es zeigt sich insbesondere, dass neben der sehr guten Polarisation, bei 1000 Hz und einer magnetischen Feldstärke von 200 A/m, ein wünschenswert geringer magnetischer Ummagnetisierungsverlust P bei 1,0 T und 1000 Hz auftritt, der in etwa in der Größenordnung der an den Referenzproben erhaltenen Ergebnisse liegt.
In Tabelle 4 sind die folgenden Eigenschaften der hergestellten Proben 1.1, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 3.1 aus den Analysen 1-3 und den Proben Ref. 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 3.1 bis 3.5 aus den Analysen Ref. 1-3 gezeigt, wobei sich die Ziffern nach dem Punkt darauf beziehen, dass stichprobenartig aus einer Probe für die optische Analyse mehrere Proben hergestellt wurden, um die Belastbarkeit der durchgeführten Untersuchungen zu untermauern. Aus den Referenzmaterialien 3 beispielsweise wurden fünf Proben hergestellt, die mit 3.1 bis 3.5 durchnummeriert wurden.In Table 4 the following properties of the prepared samples 1.1, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 3.1 from analyzes 1-3 and samples Ref. 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 3.1 to 3.5 from analyzes Ref. 1-3 are shown, where the digits after the point refer to the fact that several samples were randomly produced from one sample for the optical analysis in order to underpin the reliability of the tests carried out. For example, five samples were produced from the reference materials 3, which were numbered 3.1 to 3.5.
Die Besonderheit der Elementanreicherung von Mn und Cr in den Oberflächenschichten des Flachprodukts wurde mittels Glimmentladungsspektroskopie nach Prüfvorschrift ISO 11505:2012-12 ermittelt. Die Messung erfolgt an der Oberseite (OS) und Unterseite (US) der Proben. Außerdem wurde an den Probenstellen Rand (R1/R2) und Mitte (M) über Bandbreite gemessen. Aus den erhaltenen Messkurven der Masse über Probentiefe von 0 bis 12 µm wurde eine das Integralauswertung der Massenbelegung von der Oberfläche (0 µm) bis zu einer Probentiefe von 0,95 µm für Mn, Cr, Al und Si berechnet.
Claims (15)
jeweils bevorzugt bei einer Dicke des Flachprodukts zwischen 0,19 mm und 0,31 mm.Flat product according to one of the preceding claims, wherein
in each case preferably with a thickness of the flat product between 0.19 mm and 0.31 mm.
d < 0,35 mm, bevorzugt 0,19 mm < d < 0,31 mm.Flat product according to one of the preceding claims, having a thickness d of
d < 0.35 mm, preferably 0.19 mm < d < 0.31 mm.
Priority Applications (6)
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EP20193920.4A EP3960886A1 (en) | 2020-09-01 | 2020-09-01 | Non-grain oriented metallic flat product, method for its production and use of same |
PCT/EP2021/064998 WO2022048803A1 (en) | 2020-09-01 | 2021-06-04 | Non-grain-oriented flat metal product, method for production thereof and use |
CN202180051319.5A CN116057196A (en) | 2020-09-01 | 2021-06-04 | Non-grain oriented flat metal article, method for producing same and use thereof |
US18/019,611 US20230287544A1 (en) | 2020-09-01 | 2021-06-04 | Non-grain-oriented flat metal product, method for production thereof and use |
JP2023509808A JP2023538317A (en) | 2020-09-01 | 2021-06-04 | Non-oriented metal flat products, methods of manufacturing non-oriented metal flat products, and uses of non-oriented metal flat products |
EP21730216.5A EP4208577A1 (en) | 2020-09-01 | 2021-06-04 | Non-grain-oriented flat metal product, method for production thereof and use |
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EP (2) | EP3960886A1 (en) |
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JP2002080948A (en) * | 2000-06-19 | 2002-03-22 | Nkk Corp | Nonoriented silicon steel sheet having excellent blanking workability |
US20040016530A1 (en) * | 2002-05-08 | 2004-01-29 | Schoen Jerry W. | Method of continuous casting non-oriented electrical steel strip |
JP2011219795A (en) * | 2010-04-06 | 2011-11-04 | Nippon Steel Corp | Non-oriented electrical steel sheet having excellent high frequency core loss, and method of producing the same |
KR20150073800A (en) * | 2013-12-23 | 2015-07-01 | 주식회사 포스코 | Non-oriented electrical steel sheets and method for manufacturing the same |
EP3495525A1 (en) * | 2016-08-05 | 2019-06-12 | Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation | Non-oriented electromagnetic steel sheet, production method for non-oriented electromagnetic steel sheet, and production method for motor core |
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JP3399726B2 (en) * | 1995-11-07 | 2003-04-21 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | Manufacturing method of non-oriented electrical steel sheet with high magnetic flux density and low iron loss |
JP6651759B2 (en) * | 2015-09-16 | 2020-02-19 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | Non-oriented electrical steel sheet and manufacturing method thereof |
DE102017208146B4 (en) * | 2017-05-15 | 2019-06-19 | Thyssenkrupp Ag | NO electrical steel for electric motors |
KR102120276B1 (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2020-06-08 | 주식회사 포스코 | Non-oriented electrical steel sheet and method for manufacturing the same |
-
2020
- 2020-09-01 EP EP20193920.4A patent/EP3960886A1/en active Pending
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2021
- 2021-06-04 JP JP2023509808A patent/JP2023538317A/en active Pending
- 2021-06-04 CN CN202180051319.5A patent/CN116057196A/en active Pending
- 2021-06-04 EP EP21730216.5A patent/EP4208577A1/en active Pending
- 2021-06-04 US US18/019,611 patent/US20230287544A1/en active Pending
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JP2002080948A (en) * | 2000-06-19 | 2002-03-22 | Nkk Corp | Nonoriented silicon steel sheet having excellent blanking workability |
US20040016530A1 (en) * | 2002-05-08 | 2004-01-29 | Schoen Jerry W. | Method of continuous casting non-oriented electrical steel strip |
JP2011219795A (en) * | 2010-04-06 | 2011-11-04 | Nippon Steel Corp | Non-oriented electrical steel sheet having excellent high frequency core loss, and method of producing the same |
KR20150073800A (en) * | 2013-12-23 | 2015-07-01 | 주식회사 포스코 | Non-oriented electrical steel sheets and method for manufacturing the same |
EP3495525A1 (en) * | 2016-08-05 | 2019-06-12 | Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation | Non-oriented electromagnetic steel sheet, production method for non-oriented electromagnetic steel sheet, and production method for motor core |
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EP4208577A1 (en) | 2023-07-12 |
WO2022048803A1 (en) | 2022-03-10 |
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