EP3954639A1 - Axe-support pour bobines de matériau enroulables - Google Patents

Axe-support pour bobines de matériau enroulables Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3954639A1
EP3954639A1 EP21188482.0A EP21188482A EP3954639A1 EP 3954639 A1 EP3954639 A1 EP 3954639A1 EP 21188482 A EP21188482 A EP 21188482A EP 3954639 A1 EP3954639 A1 EP 3954639A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cam
support spindle
rotation axis
supporting
central shaft
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP21188482.0A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Danilo Friggieri
Reimund BRETTSCHNEIDER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Renova Srl
Original Assignee
Renova Srl
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Renova Srl filed Critical Renova Srl
Publication of EP3954639A1 publication Critical patent/EP3954639A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H75/00—Storing webs, tapes, or filamentary material, e.g. on reels
    • B65H75/02—Cores, formers, supports, or holders for coiled, wound, or folded material, e.g. reels, spindles, bobbins, cop tubes, cans, mandrels or chucks
    • B65H75/18—Constructional details
    • B65H75/24—Constructional details adjustable in configuration, e.g. expansible
    • B65H75/242—Expansible spindles, mandrels or chucks, e.g. for securing or releasing cores, holders or packages
    • B65H75/246—Expansible spindles, mandrels or chucks, e.g. for securing or releasing cores, holders or packages expansion caused by relative rotation around the supporting spindle or core axis
    • B65H75/247—Expansible spindles, mandrels or chucks, e.g. for securing or releasing cores, holders or packages expansion caused by relative rotation around the supporting spindle or core axis using rollers or rods moving relative to a wedge or cam surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H18/00—Winding webs
    • B65H18/02—Supporting web roll
    • B65H18/028—Both ends type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H75/00—Storing webs, tapes, or filamentary material, e.g. on reels
    • B65H75/02—Cores, formers, supports, or holders for coiled, wound, or folded material, e.g. reels, spindles, bobbins, cop tubes, cans, mandrels or chucks
    • B65H75/18—Constructional details
    • B65H75/185—End caps, plugs or adapters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H2301/00—Handling processes for sheets or webs
    • B65H2301/40—Type of handling process
    • B65H2301/41—Winding, unwinding
    • B65H2301/413—Supporting web roll
    • B65H2301/4134—Both ends type arrangement
    • B65H2301/41346—Both ends type arrangement separate elements engaging each end of the roll (e.g. chuck)

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a support spindle for winding and unwinding coils or rolls of windable material on a winding core (or spool), in particular, but not limited to, coils or rolls of web-like or thread-like material, e.g., paper, fabric, corrugated cardboard, banknotes, polymer film, aluminum film, textile yarns and filaments, glass fibers, carbon fibers, electrical cables, etc.
  • a winding core or spool
  • web-like or thread-like material e.g., paper, fabric, corrugated cardboard, banknotes, polymer film, aluminum film, textile yarns and filaments, glass fibers, carbon fibers, electrical cables, etc.
  • a winding core typically a cylindrical tube made of cardboard, plastic, or metal
  • the support spindles sustain the core and the entire coil of the material wound during the material winding or unwinding process and transmit a winding rotating moment or braking moment as well as possible desired translatory shifts to the coil.
  • the support spindles are connected to actuation motors or braking systems which allow precise control of the winding/unwinding speed and tension of the material on the core.
  • Mechanical-pneumatic support spindles are known, which can be inserted into the winding core and configured to take a radially retracted configuration to (torsionally) disengage the winding core and allow the insertion and extraction of the spindle into/from the winding core, as well as a radially expanded configuration to (torsionally) engage the winding core, where the retraction and expansion of the support spindle can be carried out by means of a suitable pneumatic actuation system of the support spindle, irrespective of the interaction between the support spindle and the coil of wound material.
  • So-called "torsional" support spindles are also known, which can be inserted into the winding core and configured to take a radially retracted configuration to disengage the winding core and allow the insertion and extraction of the spindle into/from the winding core, as well as a radially expanded configuration to engage the winding core, where the retraction and expansion of the support spindle are driven by rotational movements of the winding core inserted onto the spindle, with respect to a central shaft of the spindle.
  • This rotational movement of the winding core rotates an outer cage and outer sectors of the spindle with respect to the central shaft, and this relative rotation between the outer cage/outer sectors and the central shaft causes (e.g. by virtue of a wedge or cam effect) a displacement of the outer sectors radially outwards and in pressing engagement against an intrados of the winding core.
  • the torsional support spindles of the prior art have the disadvantage that the torsional engagement and disengagement with the winding core is not immediate and precisely coincident with the application of a coil winding moment or with the application of a core release moment although dependent on a real rotational movement and thus subject to undesired slipping phenomena between the spindle and the winding core and angular engagement/disengagement positions which are not controllable with certainty and not very precise.
  • the object of the present invention provide a support spindle for winding and unwinding coils or rolls onto a tubular core, having features such as to avoid at least some of the drawbacks mentioned with reference to the prior art.
  • a support spindle for winding and unwinding coils of windable material on a core according to claim 1.
  • the term “front” orientation relates to the orientation of sides, faces, surfaces, etc. in the insertion direction of the support spindle on a winding core
  • the term “rear” orientation relates to the orientation of sides, faces, surfaces, etc. in the retraction direction of the support spindle out of the winding core, unless otherwise specified.
  • the terms “radial,” “circumferential,” and “axial” relate to the longitudinal axis of the support spindle, which corresponds to the rotation axis of the support spindle and the winding core engaged by the latter, unless otherwise specified.
  • a support spindle 1 to engage a tubular winding core 2 for winding and unwinding windable material 3 to form a coil 4, comprises:
  • each of said locking bodies 12 is associated exactly and only one of said cam follower members 13.
  • each locking body 12 forms a radially internal surface 42 facing the support portion 9 and forming a partially cylindrical cavity 43 extending in a direction parallel to the rotation axis 6,
  • An angular stroke 16 of relative rotation of the locking bodies 12 with respect to the central shaft 5 about the rotation axis 6 is preferably less than or equal to 30° or preferably less than or equal to 15°
  • a radial depth 23 of the cam seat 11 is greater than the total radial stroke 24 of the locking bodies 12 between the retracted (end-of-stroke) position and the expanded (end-of-stroke) position, and a circumferential width 25 of the cam seat 11 is greater than four times the radial depth 23 of the cam seat 10.
  • a significant radial displacement of the locking bodies 12 is achieved with a limited or shorter angular actuation (engagement/disengagement) stroke as compared to the prior art and with a more controlled and immediate engagement and disengagement effect.
  • the geometry of the cam seat 11 and the cam-follower member 13 allow a mutual rolling and/or sliding with less friction, and thus an activation of the locking bodies with comparably small pulling forces on the windable material.
  • the geometry of the cam seat 11 and the cam-follower member 13 achieve a reduction in wear compared to the prior art, resulting in an increase in the service life of the support spindle 1.
  • the central shaft 5 can be made of a metal material, such as steel, for example.
  • the connecting portion 7 may comprise a connecting flange in the shape of a circular disc or circular ring, extending in a plane orthogonal to the rotation axis 6, and forming a plurality of fixing holes 26 for connecting the support spindle 1 to a supporting and moving system 27 with an actuation motor 28 and/or with a brake 29 for performing controlled positioning and rotation of the support spindle 1 in order to engage/disengage the winding core 2 and to unwind and/or wind the coil 4 ( figures 12,13,14 ).
  • the supporting portion 9 has an elongated shape with a preferably cylindrical outer surface in which the cam seats 11 are formed.
  • the cam seats 11 can extend parallel to the rotation axis 6 along the entire supporting portion 9 and have a constant cross-section shape along the rotation axis 6.
  • the supporting portion 9 preferably comprises three cam seats 11 evenly distributed at an angular pitch of 120°.
  • the bottom section 20 may advantageously be shaped as an arc of a circle having a radius in the range from 17 mm to 23 mm, preferably from 19 mm to 21 mm, even more preferably of 20 mm.
  • the radial depth of the cam seat 11, measured along the symmetry plane 19 up to an outer circumference of the supporting portion 9, is advantageously in the range from 6 mm to 7 mm, preferably of about 6.5 mm.
  • the side sections 21 connect to opposite ends of the bottom section 20 with an orientation tangent to the arc of a circle of the bottom section 20.
  • a side edge 30 in an intersection region of the side sections 21 of the cam seats 11 with the outer circumference of the supporting portion 9 is advantageously beveled, e.g. with a bevel radius of 0.5 mm.
  • the outer surface of the supporting portion 9 between two cam seats 11, respectively, is preferably cylindrical and concentric with respect to the rotation axis 6.
  • the connecting portion 7 and the support portion 9 can be advantageously formed in a single piece with continuity of material.
  • the shape features of the supporting portion 9 allow an accurate and cost-effective manufacturing thereof, a favorable balance for rotational movements, and low friction between the cam seats 11 and the cam-follower members 13, which will be described below.
  • the supporting portion 9 of the spindle 1 can be made with different axial lengths and diameters.
  • the shape and size of the individual cam seats 11 may remain unchanged for a plurality of different diameters of the supporting portion 9.
  • the central shaft 5 forms, on two opposite sides of the supporting portion 9, a first rear bearing seat 32 in the shape of a cylindrical step and a first front bearing seat 33 in the shape of a cylindrical step, which accommodate a rear bearing 34 and a front bearing 35 for rotationally supporting the supporting cage 14 with respect to the central shaft 5 about the rotation axis 6.
  • the locking bodies 12 are preferably made of a metal material, such as steel, for example, and form a radially outer engagement surface 36, preferably shaped as part of a cylinder, intended for a pressing contact engagement against an intrados of the winding core 2.
  • the engagement surface 36 preferably has a greater length in the direction of the rotation axis 6 than the width thereof in the circumferential direction with respect to the rotation axis 6.
  • the engagement surface 36 is beveled or inclined in a radially inward direction so as to reduce the risk of snagging with the intrados of the winding core 2 and the risk of damage to the locking body 12 or the winding core 2 during their mutual engagement and disengagement.
  • the inclination of the engagement surfaces 36 at the opposite longitudinal ends 37 facilitates a radially inward displacement of the locking bodies 12 "freely hanging" in the supporting cage 14 during the insertion of the support spindle 1 into the winding core 2.
  • the locking body 12 also forms sliding surfaces 38,39 transverse to the engagement surface 36, in particular two longitudinal sliding surfaces 38 which are planar and parallel to each other and to the rotation axis 6, and/or two transverse sliding surfaces 39 which are planar and orthogonal to the rotation axis 6 ( figure 1 ).
  • the sliding surfaces 38,39 are shaped in a complementary manner with corresponding guiding surfaces 40, 41 of the guide seats 15 of the supporting cage 14 to retain the locking bodies 12 in the guide seats 15 in a radially sliding manner with respect to the rotation axis 6.
  • the locking bodies 12 form a radially inner surface 42 facing the supporting portion 9 and which either forms or accommodates one or more cam-follower members 13 ( figures 2 , 3,5 ).
  • the cam-follower members 13 are rolling bodies (preferably made of metal, e.g., steel) rotatably received in cavities 43 formed in the radially inner surfaces 42 and contact the cam seats 11 with rolling friction.
  • the cam-follower members 13 can be directly formed from the locking bodies 12 and contact the cam seats 11 with sliding friction.
  • the cam-follower members 12 are elongated cylindrical bodies inserted in the longitudinal direction (along the rotation axis 6) into the corresponding cavities 43 which are partially cylindrical in shape and extending in a direction parallel to the rotation axis 6.
  • the planned positioning of the cam-follower members 12 in the cavities 43 can be ensured by a positioning dowel 50 screwed into a positioning hole of the locking body 12 ( figure 2 ).
  • the radially inner surface 42 of the locking bodies 12 forms two side cavities 44, arranged on two opposite sides with respect to the cam-follower member 13 to obviate the risk of space violations between the locking body 12 and the supporting portion 9, particularly when the locking body 12 is in the retracted position ( figure 3 ) radially closer to the central shaft 5.
  • the side cavities 44 are delimited, on one side, by the cam-follower member 13, and on the other side, by one of two side guide walls 45 extending on each longitudinal side of the locking body 12, projecting towards the interior of the support spindle 1 and forming the longitudinal sliding surfaces 38 ( figure 3 ).
  • This configuration reconciles the needs of having to avoid space encroachments within the support spindle 1 during the relative actuation rotations, lightening the support spindle 1, and providing a sufficiently long radial guide for the locking bodies 12.
  • the total radial stroke 24 of the locking bodies 12 is for example in the range from 3 mm to 8 mm, preferably from 4 mm to 6 mm, preferably of about 5 mm.
  • the locking bodies 12 In the retracted position, the locking bodies 12 preferably protrude with respect to an outer surface 47 of the supporting cage 14, e.g. with an initial radial protrusion value 46 in the range from 5% to 15% of the total radial stroke 24, preferably with an initial radial protrusion value 46 of 10% of the total radial stroke 24, e.g. by 0.5 mm ( figures 3, 5 ).
  • Each locking body 12 further forms one or more, preferably two stop protrusions 48 which abut against the corresponding end-of-stroke surfaces 49 of the supporting cage 14 when the locking body 12 reaches the expanded position. Thereby, a complete release and loss of the locking bodies 12 out of the guide seats 15 is prevented, e.g. when the support spindle 1 is not inserted into a winding core 2 ( figure 2 ).
  • the supporting cage 14 can be made of metal, such as steel, for example, and comprise a tubular wall 51, concentrically inserted on the supporting portion 9 of the central shaft 5, and having an outer surface 47, preferably cylindrical, and a (radially) inner surface 52 facing the supporting portion 9 of the central shaft 5.
  • the inner surface 52 forms, on two opposite sides with respect to the guide seats 15, a second rear bearing seat 53 in the shape of a cylindrical step and a second front bearing seat 54 in the shape of a cylindrical step which accommodate (outer rings of) the rear 34 and front 35 bearings for rotatably supporting the bearing cage 14 with respect to the central shaft 5 about the rotation axis 6.
  • the guiding seats 15 are formed by through openings in the tubular wall 51, delimited by the longitudinal guiding surfaces 40 and transverse guiding surfaces 41 for the guided sliding support of the locking bodies 12 ( figures 1 , 2 , 3,4 ).
  • the possibility of relative rotation of the locking bodies 12 with respect to the supporting portion 9 of the central shaft 5 is ensured by the rotatable support of the supporting cage 14 with respect to the central shaft 5.
  • the relative rotation angle is defined and limited by the radial end stop (stop protrusions 48, figure 2 ) of the locking bodies 12 in the expanded position and by two opposite rotational end stops made by each cam seat 11 together with the corresponding cam-follower member 13 ( figure 5 ).
  • the supporting cage 14 is beveled, rounded, or tapered, so as to facilitate the insertion of the support spindle 1 into the winding core 2.
  • the supporting cage 14 is axially locked on the central shaft 5 by an end cap 55 fixed to the front side 10 by means of a screw screwed into a threaded hole formed in the front surface of the central shaft 5.
  • the end cap 55 is advantageously beveled, rounded, or tapered in accordance with the corresponding bevel or taper of the supporting cage 14.
  • the rear bearing 34 is a tapered roller bearing, adapted to support the supporting cage 14 axially and radially, while the front bearing 35 is preferably a radial bearing, such as a ball bearing.
  • the supporting cage 14 may form one or more ejection through-holes 56, in communication with the second rear bearing seat 53, for a tool (such as a pin) to access for ejecting the outer ring of the tapered bearing from the second rear bearing seat 53 ( figure 2 ).
  • an annular dust protection disc 59 can be arranged within the supporting cage 14 between the rear bearing 34 and the cam-follower members 13.
  • the support spindle 1 may form a plurality of, preferably two, supporting portions 9, 9' of different diameters, which are concentric and positioned axially next to each other, as well as a plurality of corresponding supporting cages 14,14' of different diameters, which are concentric and positioned axially next to each other, with the smaller diameter cage positioned more on the front side 10 of the support spindle 1, for versatile use of the support spindle 1 in combination with winding cores 2 having different diameters.
  • the support spindle 1 may comprise a positioning and ejection flange 57 axially sliding with respect to the central shaft 5 and guided, for example, by a plurality of guiding grooves 58 parallel to the rotation axis 6, formed in the outer surface of the supporting cage 14 ( figures 19, 20 ).
  • the supporting cage 14, 14' may form one or more radial friction protrusions 60 ( figure 22 ) adapted to engage the core 2 constantly in direct contact and with a friction such as to ensure minimum torque transmission from the core 2 to the supporting cage 14, 14' even when the locking bodies 12 are not (yet or no longer) activated.
  • This obviates a problem of loss of control over the core during the almost complete unwinding or at the beginning of the winding operation when, due to the small winding diameter, the core rotation speed is very high with the transport speed of the wound/unwound material being equal.
  • the positioning and ejection flange 57 can provide an axial support reference for the core 2 during the steps of winding and unwinding the coil 4, as well as can act as an ejection pusher for easier disengagement of the support spindle 1 from the core 2.
  • the invention has numerous advantages that arise from its individual characteristics and from the synergy of their combination, including:

Landscapes

  • Winding Of Webs (AREA)
  • Winding, Rewinding, Material Storage Devices (AREA)
  • Replacement Of Web Rolls (AREA)
EP21188482.0A 2020-08-10 2021-07-29 Axe-support pour bobines de matériau enroulables Pending EP3954639A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT102020000019849A IT202000019849A1 (it) 2020-08-10 2020-08-10 Mandrino di supporto per bobine di materiale avvolgibile

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3954639A1 true EP3954639A1 (fr) 2022-02-16

Family

ID=73005680

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP21188482.0A Pending EP3954639A1 (fr) 2020-08-10 2021-07-29 Axe-support pour bobines de matériau enroulables

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US20220041392A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP3954639A1 (fr)
IT (1) IT202000019849A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT202000019792A1 (it) * 2020-08-07 2022-02-07 Re S P A Controlli Ind Kit di installazione per un espulsore pneumatico lineare del tipo collegabile ad un braccio di uno svolgitore a bracci mobili
IT202000019768A1 (it) * 2020-08-07 2022-02-07 Re S P A Controlli Ind Espulsore pneumatico lineare del tipo collegabile ad un braccio di uno svolgitore a bracci mobili

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3792868A (en) * 1972-04-03 1974-02-19 R Flagg Chuck
FR2314124A1 (fr) * 1975-06-13 1977-01-07 Ahlstroem Dev Gmbh Tete de serrage pour la fixation sans axe de douilles d'enroulement ou de tubes de produits en bande
GB2054677A (en) * 1979-07-24 1981-02-18 Jagenberg Werke Ag Apparatus for mounting tubular winding cores
US4635872A (en) * 1983-08-13 1987-01-13 Jagenberg Ag Device for tensioning core tubes
US4730779A (en) * 1985-06-15 1988-03-15 Jagenberg Aktiengesellschaft Expanding mandrel assembly for a web-coiling core
EP1090869A2 (fr) * 1999-10-04 2001-04-11 Panzeri Alessandro Costruzioni Meccaniche Mandrin de serrage expansible pour bobines
US20050224627A1 (en) * 2004-04-09 2005-10-13 Semion Stolyar Double acting torque chuck
KR100819163B1 (ko) * 2007-12-28 2008-04-03 (주)프로템 권취설비용 기계식 척

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US2161061A (en) * 1938-01-08 1939-06-06 Edward H Edelman Expansible mandrel
US2561745A (en) * 1947-06-06 1951-07-24 Western Electric Co Apparatus for locking tubular members on shafts
US2568088A (en) * 1949-11-18 1951-09-18 Paterson Pacific Parchment Com Chuck
US2908452A (en) * 1955-06-15 1959-10-13 H G Weber & Company Inc Automatic expanding shaftless chuck
US3815836A (en) * 1971-02-11 1974-06-11 Barmag Barmer Maschf Sleeve chuck for thread winding device
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US3993317A (en) * 1974-12-12 1976-11-23 Double E Company, Inc. Core chuck
US4334652A (en) * 1978-11-08 1982-06-15 David Blackburn Expandible devices for internally gripping cores or the like
US4496114A (en) * 1981-07-22 1985-01-29 Hiroshi Kataoka Winding shaft provided on surface with spool fixing rollers
US5490640A (en) * 1994-08-10 1996-02-13 Tidland Corporation Torque-actuated expansible shaft assembly for roll core
US6299099B1 (en) * 1999-12-07 2001-10-09 Tidland Corporation Hydraulic web roll shaft
US7077356B2 (en) * 2003-06-19 2006-07-18 Hope Harry L Core chuck
DE102005021077A1 (de) * 2005-05-06 2006-11-09 Kampf Gmbh & Co Maschinenfabrik Spannkopf für eine Rollenschneid- und Wickelmaschine
US11534839B2 (en) * 2019-12-06 2022-12-27 Hydra-Lock Corporation Hydrostatically actuated workholding apparatus
IT202000019768A1 (it) * 2020-08-07 2022-02-07 Re S P A Controlli Ind Espulsore pneumatico lineare del tipo collegabile ad un braccio di uno svolgitore a bracci mobili
US20230041506A1 (en) * 2021-08-06 2023-02-09 Reimund K. Brettschneider Mechanical torque activated chuck with material preservation features

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3792868A (en) * 1972-04-03 1974-02-19 R Flagg Chuck
FR2314124A1 (fr) * 1975-06-13 1977-01-07 Ahlstroem Dev Gmbh Tete de serrage pour la fixation sans axe de douilles d'enroulement ou de tubes de produits en bande
GB2054677A (en) * 1979-07-24 1981-02-18 Jagenberg Werke Ag Apparatus for mounting tubular winding cores
US4635872A (en) * 1983-08-13 1987-01-13 Jagenberg Ag Device for tensioning core tubes
US4730779A (en) * 1985-06-15 1988-03-15 Jagenberg Aktiengesellschaft Expanding mandrel assembly for a web-coiling core
EP1090869A2 (fr) * 1999-10-04 2001-04-11 Panzeri Alessandro Costruzioni Meccaniche Mandrin de serrage expansible pour bobines
US20050224627A1 (en) * 2004-04-09 2005-10-13 Semion Stolyar Double acting torque chuck
KR100819163B1 (ko) * 2007-12-28 2008-04-03 (주)프로템 권취설비용 기계식 척

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT202000019849A1 (it) 2022-02-10
US20220041392A1 (en) 2022-02-10

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