EP3943377B1 - Underwater craft less likely to be detected across great distances - Google Patents
Underwater craft less likely to be detected across great distances Download PDFInfo
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- EP3943377B1 EP3943377B1 EP21190035.2A EP21190035A EP3943377B1 EP 3943377 B1 EP3943377 B1 EP 3943377B1 EP 21190035 A EP21190035 A EP 21190035A EP 3943377 B1 EP3943377 B1 EP 3943377B1
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- underwater vehicle
- polygonal cross
- curvature
- midship
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63G—OFFENSIVE OR DEFENSIVE ARRANGEMENTS ON VESSELS; MINE-LAYING; MINE-SWEEPING; SUBMARINES; AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
- B63G8/00—Underwater vessels, e.g. submarines; Equipment specially adapted therefor
- B63G8/28—Arrangement of offensive or defensive equipment
- B63G8/34—Camouflage
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B3/00—Hulls characterised by their structure or component parts
- B63B3/13—Hulls built to withstand hydrostatic pressure when fully submerged, e.g. submarine hulls
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63G—OFFENSIVE OR DEFENSIVE ARRANGEMENTS ON VESSELS; MINE-LAYING; MINE-SWEEPING; SUBMARINES; AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
- B63G8/00—Underwater vessels, e.g. submarines; Equipment specially adapted therefor
- B63G8/39—Arrangements of sonic watch equipment, e.g. low-frequency, sonar
Definitions
- the invention relates to an underwater vehicle, in particular a submarine, with an external shape, wherein the shape is optimized to reduce detectability by means of active sonar. As a result, the distance from which the underwater vehicle is likely to be detectable can be significantly reduced.
- sonar is used in particular to detect submarines, with detection preferably taking place over long distances, for example 100 km. This means that the sound waves from the sonar hit an underwater vehicle at a very shallow angle parallel to the water surface. To avoid detection, reflection of the sound waves must be avoided, particularly towards the transmitter, where the receiver is usually located. From this geometric consideration, it follows that the detectability of an underwater vehicle over long distances depends in particular on the reflection of sound at an angle of ⁇ 20°, especially at an angle of ⁇ 10°.
- a cylindrical body has the property of reflecting a wave practically vertically isotropically and thus emitting practically the same energy in all vertical spatial directions. This means that the detection in the critical flat angle range is not particularly low.
- From the DE 1 196 531 A is an underwater vehicle with a curved surface.
- From the US 4 577 583 A is an underwater vehicle with a streamlined hull.
- the object of the invention is to create an underwater vehicle which has a significantly reduced detection probability under the conditions of location over a distance.
- the underwater vehicle according to the invention with reduced detection probability has an outer hull.
- the underwater vehicle has a bow section, a stern section and a midship section.
- the outer hull of the midship section has a polygonal cross-section transverse to the longitudinal direction of the underwater vehicle.
- the outer hull of the midship section has a curvature along the longitudinal direction of the underwater vehicle over the entire length of the midship section.
- the polygonal cross-section itself is known for the targeted reflection of a detection wave in a direction deviating from the transmitter. This is used in aircraft construction or shipbuilding, for example the Sea Shadow, is known in principle. Here, large, flat and tilted surfaces are used as reflectors.
- the outer shell of the midship section has a curvature along the longitudinal direction of the underwater vehicle. This causes both effects, reflection and dispersion, to occur. The effect is that the energy of the detection wave in the critical flat angle range can be significantly minimized.
- the curvature of the outer shell of the midship section extends over the entire length of the midship section. The curvature can have a variable radius of curvature over the length, but the radius of curvature must not be infinite. This would form a flat surface at least in one place, which would reflect an incoming beam without dispersion.
- the midship section is arranged between the bow section and the stern section.
- the bow section has a length of 5% to 40%, preferably 5% to 30%, particularly preferably 5% to 20% of the total length of the underwater vehicle, with the bow section beginning at the bow of the underwater vehicle.
- the stern section has a length of 5% to 40%, preferably 5% to 30%, particularly preferably 5% to 20% of the total length of the underwater vehicle, with the stern section beginning at the stern of the underwater vehicle.
- the midship section thus has a length of 20% to 90%, preferably 40% to 90%, particularly preferably 60% to 90% of the total length of the underwater vehicle.
- a triangle or a square can be used as a polygonal cross-section, for example, although these two polygons are less preferred due to the limited scope for adaptation.
- Polygons with 5 to 10 corners or sides are preferred, although the length of the sides preferably differs. Opposite sides are particularly preferred if they are the same length in pairs.
- the polygonal cross-section has rounded corner areas. This is advantageous in terms of manufacturing technology and hydrodynamics.
- the polygonal cross-section has a mirror plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. This means that the outer contour of the port side and the starboard side are the same.
- the outer hull of the midship section has a curvature along the longitudinal direction of the underwater vehicle over the entire cross section, transverse to the longitudinal direction of the underwater vehicle.
- the outer shell has at least a first segment, the first segment forming a first conic section in the longitudinal direction of the underwater vehicle or being composed of two or more conic sections.
- a segment is defined as an area which is limited at the top and bottom by the edges of the polygonal cross section. In the longitudinal direction, the extent of the segment is limited by the extent of the midship section.
- a conic section is a partial area of the shell of a cone. Particularly preferably, a first segment and a corresponding second segment on the opposite side of the ship have mirror-image conical sections.
- a cone is a geometric figure which is defined by height and radius. In a conical section, the radius of curvature thus changes continuously transversely to the longitudinal direction of the underwater vehicle. Of course, it can also be a conical section of an oblique cone in which the height axis is not centered on the circular base.
- the outer shell has at least a third segment, wherein the third segment forms a third conic section at least in sections, preferably completely, in the longitudinal direction of the underwater vehicle, wherein the height and/or radius of the third conic section are different from the height and/or radius of the first conic section.
- the cone of the conic section has a height, wherein the ratio of height to length of the underwater vehicle is between 0.5 and 1,000, preferably between 3.5 and 130, particularly preferably between 8.0 and 35.
- the cone of the conic section has a diameter, wherein the ratio of cone diameter to length of the underwater vehicle is between 2 and 100, preferably between 6 and 50, particularly preferably between 10 and 20.
- the underwater vehicle has a tower in the midship section.
- the tower particularly preferably has outer walls inclined by at least 10°, particularly preferably by at least 20°, relative to the vertical.
- the tower has the same angle as the side of the polygonal cross-section adjacent below the tower.
- the curvature of the midship section has a radius of curvature, wherein the ratio of radius of curvature to length of the underwater vehicle is between 5 and 1,000, preferably between 10 and 250, particularly preferably between 25 and 100.
- the curvature of the midship section does not have to be constant over the entire length.
- the curvature of the midship section can increase towards the sections, particularly adjacent to the bow section and/or stern section, for example to create a transition.
- the curvature increases in the transition from the midship to the bow section and decreases in the transition from the midship to the area of the stern section.
- the polygonal cross-section has a widest point, wherein the widest point of the polygonal cross-section is arranged below or above the center, wherein the center defines half the height of the polygonal cross-section.
- the deviation from a symmetrical design makes it possible to specifically deflect a larger part of the incoming detection wave in the same direction. If the widest point is below the middle, the larger part is reflected upwards and thus to the water surface. If the widest point is above the middle, the larger part is reflected downwards and thus to the seabed.
- the first variant is preferred for boat stability, the second for reducing the target size.
- the widest point of the polygonal cross-section is arranged at least 10%, preferably at least 20% of half the height of the polygonal cross-section below or above the center.
- all planes of the polygonal cross-section have an inclination of at least 10°, preferably of at least 20°, relative to the vertical.
- all planes of the polygonal cross-section have an inclination of 10° to 40° or 50° to 80° relative to the vertical.
- the angle of 45° should also be avoided, since the incoming wave is reflected, for example, onto the water surface, reflected back from there and then reflected directly back to the transmitter. Although the intensity is reduced by the multiple reflection, it is still significantly higher than at other angles.
- the outer shell has a sound-absorbing property.
- the outer shell can be made of a consist of, contain or be coated with sound-absorbing material. Since absorption can never be complete, the two effects combine positively.
- the outer shell is essentially reflective and/or absorbent for sound waves in the frequency range from 100 Hz to 100 kHz, in particular in the range from 1 kHz to 25 kHz. Since other, non-optimized structures can be arranged under the outer shell, the transmission through the outer shell must be kept as low as possible.
- the sum of the reflectance, absorbance and transmittance is by definition 1. It is considered to be essentially reflective and/or absorbent if the reflectance and/or transmittance is at least 0.75, preferably at least 0.9, particularly preferably at least 0.95.
- the underwater vehicle has a substantially cylindrical pressure hull under the outer hull.
- the outer shell does not completely enclose the cylindrical pressure body.
- the pressure body thus forms the outer shell in some areas. This can be the case, for example, in less critical places, for example on the underside.
- sensors in particular passive sonar sensors and/or fuel reservoirs, are arranged between the outer hull and the pressure hull.
- Fuel storage includes all forms of storage goods that are required to operate the submarine, for example gasoline or diesel tanks, hydrogen storage, for example in the form of compressed gas storage, liquid hydrogen storage or metal hydride storage, oxygen storage, for example in the form of compressed gas storage or liquid oxygen storage, methanol storage, ethanol storage, batteries, accumulators and compressed gas storage for gas turbines, but also autonomous or remote-controlled underwater vehicles, weapons, such as torpedoes or missiles, or decoys.
- hydrogen storage for example in the form of compressed gas storage
- oxygen storage for example in the form of compressed gas storage or liquid oxygen storage
- methanol storage ethanol storage
- batteries accumulators and compressed gas storage for gas turbines
- weapons such as torpedoes or missiles, or decoys.
- a propeller is arranged at the level of the widest point of the outer skin.
- the underwater vehicle is a submarine.
- the underwater vehicle is a military underwater vehicle, particularly preferably a military submarine.
- Fig.1 the top view shows an underwater vehicle 10 with a bow section 20, a midship section 30 and a stern section 40, the underwater vehicle having a rudder 60, here in the form of a cruiser, and a propeller 70 in the stern section 40.
- the underwater vehicle 10 has an outer hull 50, which has a curvature of the midship section in the longitudinal direction of the underwater vehicle 10, as can be seen in comparison to a pressure hull 80 shown simplified as a cylinder.
- the pressure hull 80 will also have rounded ends at the bow and stern, preferably hemispherical ends, which has been neglected here for the sake of simplicity.
- the pressure hull 80 also does not have to take up the full length.
- weapon barrels can be arranged in the bow.
- Fig.2 shows a first example cross-section.
- the outer shell 80 has a hexagonal cross-section, the widest point 100 is exactly at the height of the center 90, which is formed by the center of the cylindrical pressure body 80. This point is used here and below as the center according to half the height of the polygonal cross-section, since these practically coincide, but the center is easier to represent visually. All surfaces of the outer shell 50 have an angle of 30° or 90° with respect to the vertical.
- Fig.3 shows a second exemplary cross-section.
- the outer shell 80 has an irregular hexagonal cross-section, with the widest point 100 clearly above which is arranged at 90° in the middle. This means that a large part of the incoming waves are reflected to the seabed, which further minimizes the probability of detection.
- Fig.4 shows a third exemplary cross-section.
- the outer shell 80 has an irregular hexagonal cross-section, with the widest point 100 being arranged significantly below the center 90.
- the center of gravity of the underwater vehicle 10 can be arranged lower. This is advantageous for the stability of the underwater vehicle 10.
- Fig.5 a cross-section with rounded corners, which is otherwise basically the same as the second exemplary cross-section from Fig.3
- fuel storage 110 and sonar sensors 120 are arranged between the outer hull 50 and the pressure hull 80.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Measurement Of Velocity Or Position Using Acoustic Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
- Position Fixing By Use Of Radio Waves (AREA)
- Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Unterwasserfahrzeug, insbesondere ein Unterseeboot, mit einer äußeren Form, wobei die Form zur Reduzierung der Detektierbarkeit mittels aktiven Sonar optimiert ist. Hierdurch kann die Distanz, aus welcher das Unterfasserfahrzeug wahrscheinlich erfassbar ist, deutlich reduziert werden.The invention relates to an underwater vehicle, in particular a submarine, with an external shape, wherein the shape is optimized to reduce detectability by means of active sonar. As a result, the distance from which the underwater vehicle is likely to be detectable can be significantly reduced.
Unterwasserfahrzeuge, insbesondere militärische Unterseeboote, weisen aktuell üblicher Weise grob vereinfacht eine zylindrische Grundform im Mittelschiff mit einem halbkugelförmigen Bug und einem kegelförmigen Heck auf. Diese Form ist strömungsgünstig und als Einhüllen- oder Zweihüllenboot gut zu fertigen.Underwater vehicles, especially military submarines, currently usually have a roughly simplified cylindrical basic shape in the middle of the ship with a hemispherical bow and a conical stern. This shape is aerodynamic and can be easily manufactured as a single-hull or double-hull boat.
Zur Detektion von Unterseebooten wird heute insbesondere Sonar verwendet, wobei die Detektion vorzugsweise über große Distanzen, beispielsweise 100 km, erfolgen soll. Dieses führt dazu, dass die Schallwellen des Sonars in einem sehr flachen Winkel parallel zur Wasseroberfläche auf ein Unterwasserfahrzeug treffen. Um die Detektion zu vermeiden, muss die Reflexion der Schallwellen insbesondere zum Sender hin vermieden werden wo meist auch der Empfänger sitzt. Aus dieser geometrischen Betrachtung ergibt sich, dass die Detektierbarkeit eines Unterwasserfahrzeugs auf große Distanz insbesondere von der Reflexion von Schall in einem Winkel von ± 20°, insbesondere in einem Winkel von ± 10° abhängig ist.Today, sonar is used in particular to detect submarines, with detection preferably taking place over long distances, for example 100 km. This means that the sound waves from the sonar hit an underwater vehicle at a very shallow angle parallel to the water surface. To avoid detection, reflection of the sound waves must be avoided, particularly towards the transmitter, where the receiver is usually located. From this geometric consideration, it follows that the detectability of an underwater vehicle over long distances depends in particular on the reflection of sound at an angle of ± 20°, especially at an angle of ± 10°.
Auf kurze Distanzen sind andere Ortungsmöglichkeiten, insbesondere Wärme, Schallemission, magnetisches Verhalten und viele andere mehr relevant, sodass hier die Detektierbarkeit regelmäßig durch andere Parameter bestimmt wird.At short distances, other detection options are relevant, especially heat, sound emission, magnetic behavior and many others, so that detectability is regularly determined by other parameters.
Ein zylindrischer Körper hat jedoch die Eigenschaft, eine Welle praktisch vertikal isotrop zu reflektieren und somit in alle vertikalen Raumrichtungen praktisch die gleiche Energie abzugeben. Dieses führt dazu, dass die Detektion im kritischen flachen Winkelbereich nicht besonders gering ist.However, a cylindrical body has the property of reflecting a wave practically vertically isotropically and thus emitting practically the same energy in all vertical spatial directions. This means that the detection in the critical flat angle range is not particularly low.
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Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein Unterwasserfahrzeug zu schaffen, welches unter den Bedingungen der Ortung über Distanz eine deutlich verringerte Detektionswahrscheinlichkeit aufweist.The object of the invention is to create an underwater vehicle which has a significantly reduced detection probability under the conditions of location over a distance.
Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe durch ein Unterwasserfahrzeug mit den in Anspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmalen. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen, der nachfolgenden Beschreibung sowie den Zeichnungen.This object is achieved by an underwater vehicle having the features specified in claim 1. Advantageous further developments emerge from the subclaims, the following description and the drawings.
Das erfindungsgemäße Unterwasserfahrzeug mit reduzierter Detektionswahrscheinlichkeit weist eine Außenhülle auf. Das Unterwasserfahrzeug weist eine Bugsektion, eine Hecksektion und eine Mittelschiffsektion auf. Die Außenhülle der Mittelschiffsektion weist quer zur Längsrichtung des Unterwasserfahrzeugs einen polygonalen Querschnitt auf. Ferner weist die Außenhülle der Mittelschiffsektion eine Krümmung entlang der Längsrichtung des Unterwasserfahrzeugs über die gesamte Länge der Mittelschiffsektion auf.The underwater vehicle according to the invention with reduced detection probability has an outer hull. The underwater vehicle has a bow section, a stern section and a midship section. The outer hull of the midship section has a polygonal cross-section transverse to the longitudinal direction of the underwater vehicle. Furthermore, the outer hull of the midship section has a curvature along the longitudinal direction of the underwater vehicle over the entire length of the midship section.
Der polygonale Querschnitt an sich ist bekannt zur gezielten Reflexion einer Detektionswelle in eine vom Sender abweichende Richtung. Dieses ist im Flugzeugbau oder Schiffbau, beispielsweise der Sea Shadow, prinzipiell bekannt. Hier werden große, ebene und verkippte Flächen als Reflektoren verwendet.The polygonal cross-section itself is known for the targeted reflection of a detection wave in a direction deviating from the transmitter. This is used in aircraft construction or shipbuilding, for example the Sea Shadow, is known in principle. Here, large, flat and tilted surfaces are used as reflectors.
Dieses alleine hat den Nachteil, dass auch Reflexionen höherer Ordnung in andere Winkel auftreten und so eine Detektierbarkeit auch im kritischen flachen Winkelbereich erfolgen kann. Des Weiteren ist für ein Unterseeboot eine derartige Anordnung alleine auch nicht so wirksam wie beispielsweise für ein Flugzeug, da ein Unterseeboot von mehreren Grenzflächen umgeben ist, an denen eine Reflektion zum Sender erfolgen kann. Derartige Grenzflächen sind beispielsweise vor allem der Meeresgrund und die Wasseroberfläche, aber auch Flächen, die sich aus der Schichtung des Meerwassers ergeben können und Reflektionsebenen darstellen.This alone has the disadvantage that higher order reflections also occur at other angles, meaning that detectability can also occur in the critical flat angle range. Furthermore, such an arrangement alone is not as effective for a submarine as it is for an aircraft, for example, because a submarine is surrounded by several interfaces where reflections to the transmitter can occur. Such interfaces are, for example, primarily the seabed and the water surface, but also areas that can result from the stratification of the sea water and represent reflection planes.
Um diesen Nachteil zu minimieren weist erfindungsgemäß die Außenhülle der Mittelschiffsektion eine Krümmung entlang der Längsrichtung des Unterwasserfahrzeugs auf. Hierdurch treten beide Effekte, Reflexion und Dispersion, auf. Effekt ist, dass die Energie der Detektionswelle im kritischen flachen Winkelbereich deutlich minimiert werden kann. Die Krümmung der Außenhülle der Mittelschiffsektion erstreckt sich über die gesamte Länge der Mittelschiffsektion. Die Krümmung kann hierbei über die Länge einen veränderlichen Krümmungsradius aufweisen, der Krümmungsradius darf jedoch nicht unendlich werden. Hierdurch würde sich wenigstens an einer Stelle eine ebene Fläche bilden, welche einen eintreffenden Strahl ohne Dispersion reflektieren würde.In order to minimize this disadvantage, according to the invention the outer shell of the midship section has a curvature along the longitudinal direction of the underwater vehicle. This causes both effects, reflection and dispersion, to occur. The effect is that the energy of the detection wave in the critical flat angle range can be significantly minimized. The curvature of the outer shell of the midship section extends over the entire length of the midship section. The curvature can have a variable radius of curvature over the length, but the radius of curvature must not be infinite. This would form a flat surface at least in one place, which would reflect an incoming beam without dispersion.
Die Mittelschiffsektion ist zwischen der Bugsektion und der Hecksektion angeordnet. Die Bugsektion weist eine Länge von 5 % bis 40 %, bevorzugt von 5 % bis 30 %, besonders bevorzugt von 5 % bis 20 % der Gesamtlänge des Unterwasserfahrzeugs auf, wobei die Bugsektion am Bug des Unterwasserfahrzeugs beginnt. Die Hecksektion weist eine Länge von 5 % bis 40 %, bevorzugt von 5 % bis 30 %, besonders bevorzugt von 5 % bis 20 % der Gesamtlänge des Unterwasserfahrzeugs auf, wobei die Hecksektion am Heck des Unterwasserfahrzeugs beginnt. Somit weist die Mittelschiffsektion eine Länge von 20 % bis 90 %, bevorzugt von 40 % bis 90 %, besonders bevorzugt von 60 % bis 90 % der Gesamtlänge des Unterwasserfahrzeugs auf.The midship section is arranged between the bow section and the stern section. The bow section has a length of 5% to 40%, preferably 5% to 30%, particularly preferably 5% to 20% of the total length of the underwater vehicle, with the bow section beginning at the bow of the underwater vehicle. The stern section has a length of 5% to 40%, preferably 5% to 30%, particularly preferably 5% to 20% of the total length of the underwater vehicle, with the stern section beginning at the stern of the underwater vehicle. The midship section thus has a length of 20% to 90%, preferably 40% to 90%, particularly preferably 60% to 90% of the total length of the underwater vehicle.
Hierdurch kann die Leistung der in Senderrichtung reflektierten Welle um Faktor beispielsweise 10.000 gegenüber einem konventionellen zylinderförmigen Unterwasserfahrzeug verringert werden. Hierdurch sinkt die Entfernung, auf welche eine Detektion wahrscheinlich ist, um bis zu einer Größenordnung. Dieses steigert die Bewegungsfreiheit eines Unterwasserfahrzeugs deutlich.This allows the power of the wave reflected in the direction of the transmitter to be reduced by a factor of 10,000, for example, compared to a conventional cylindrical underwater vehicle. This reduces the distance at which detection is likely by up to of a magnitude. This significantly increases the freedom of movement of an underwater vehicle.
Als polygonaler Querschnitt kann zum Beispiel ein Dreieck oder ein Viereck vorkommen, wobei diese beiden Polygone aufgrund der geringen Anpassungsmöglichkeit eher weniger bevorzugt sind. Bevorzugt sind hingegen Polygone mit 5 bis 10 Ecken beziehungsweise Seiten, wobei die Länge der Seiten sich weiter bevorzugt unterscheiden. Besonders bevorzugt sind gegenüberliegende Seiten paarweise jeweils gleich lang.A triangle or a square can be used as a polygonal cross-section, for example, although these two polygons are less preferred due to the limited scope for adaptation. Polygons with 5 to 10 corners or sides are preferred, although the length of the sides preferably differs. Opposite sides are particularly preferred if they are the same length in pairs.
In einer beispielhaften Ausführungsform, die nicht beansprucht wird, weist der polygonale Querschnitt abgerundete Eckbereiche auf. Dieses ist fertigungstechnisch und hydrodynamisch vorteilhaft.In an exemplary embodiment, which is not claimed, the polygonal cross-section has rounded corner areas. This is advantageous in terms of manufacturing technology and hydrodynamics.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung weist der polygonale Querschnitt senkrecht zur Längsachse eine Spiegelebene auf. Dieses bedeutet, dass die Außenkontur der Backbordseite und der Steuerbordseite gleich sind.In a further embodiment of the invention, the polygonal cross-section has a mirror plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. This means that the outer contour of the port side and the starboard side are the same.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung weist die Außenhülle der Mittelschiffsektion quer zur Längsrichtung des Unterwasserfahrzeugs über den gesamten Querschnitt eine Krümmung entlang der Längsrichtung des Unterwasserfahrzeugs auf.In a further embodiment of the invention, the outer hull of the midship section has a curvature along the longitudinal direction of the underwater vehicle over the entire cross section, transverse to the longitudinal direction of the underwater vehicle.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung weist die Außenhülle wenigstens ein erstes Segment auf, wobei das erste Segment in Längsrichtung des Unterwasserfahrzeugseinen ersten Kegelschnitt bildet oder aus zwei oder mehreren Kegelschnitten zusammengesetzt ist. Ein Segment ist als ein Bereich definiert, welcher oben und unten durch die Kanten des polygonalen Querschnitts begrenzt ist. In Längsrichtung ist die Ausdehnung des Segments durch die Ausdehnung der Mittelschiffsektion begrenzt. Ein Kegelschnitt ist ein Teilbereich des Mantels eines Kegels. Besonders bevorzugt weisen ein erstes Segment und ein auf der gegenüberliegenden Schiffsseite liegendes korrespondierendes zweites Segment spiegelbildliche Kegelausschnitte auf. Ein Kegel oder Konus ist eine geometrische Figur, welche sich über Höhe und Radius definiert. Bei einem Kegelausschnitt ändert sich somit der Krümmungsradius quer zur Längsrichtung des Unterwasserfahrzeugs kontinuierlich. Selbstverständlich kann es sich auch um einen Kegelausschnitt eines schiefen Kegels handeln, bei welchem die Höhenachse nicht mittig zur kreisförmigen Grundfläche liegt.In a further embodiment of the invention, the outer shell has at least a first segment, the first segment forming a first conic section in the longitudinal direction of the underwater vehicle or being composed of two or more conic sections. A segment is defined as an area which is limited at the top and bottom by the edges of the polygonal cross section. In the longitudinal direction, the extent of the segment is limited by the extent of the midship section. A conic section is a partial area of the shell of a cone. Particularly preferably, a first segment and a corresponding second segment on the opposite side of the ship have mirror-image conical sections. A cone is a geometric figure which is defined by height and radius. In a conical section, the radius of curvature thus changes continuously transversely to the longitudinal direction of the underwater vehicle. Of course, it can also be a conical section of an oblique cone in which the height axis is not centered on the circular base.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung weist die Außenhülle wenigstens ein drittes Segment auf, wobei das dritte Segment in Längsrichtung des Unterwasserfahrzeugs zumindest abschnittsweise, bevorzugt vollständig, einen dritten Kegelschnitt bildet, wobei Höhe und/oder Radius des dritten Kegelschnitts von Höhe und/oder Radius des ersten Kegelschnitts verschieden sind.In a further embodiment of the invention, the outer shell has at least a third segment, wherein the third segment forms a third conic section at least in sections, preferably completely, in the longitudinal direction of the underwater vehicle, wherein the height and/or radius of the third conic section are different from the height and/or radius of the first conic section.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung weist der Kegel des Kegelschnitts eine Höhe auf, wobei das Verhältnis von Höhe zu Länge des Unterwasserfahrzeugs zwischen 0,5 und 1.000, bevorzugt zwischen 3,5 und 130, besonders bevorzugt zwischen 8,0 und 35, liegt.In a further embodiment of the invention, the cone of the conic section has a height, wherein the ratio of height to length of the underwater vehicle is between 0.5 and 1,000, preferably between 3.5 and 130, particularly preferably between 8.0 and 35.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung weist der Kegel des Kegelschnitts einen Durchmesser auf, wobei das Verhältnis von Kegeldurchmesser zu Länge des Unterwasserfahrzeugs zwischen 2 und 100, bevorzugt zwischen 6 und 50, besonders bevorzugt zwischen 10 und 20, liegt.In a further embodiment of the invention, the cone of the conic section has a diameter, wherein the ratio of cone diameter to length of the underwater vehicle is between 2 and 100, preferably between 6 and 50, particularly preferably between 10 and 20.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung weist das Unterwasserfahrzeug in der Mittelschiffsektion einen Turm auf. Besonders bevorzugt weist der Turm um wenigstens 10°, besonders bevorzugt um wenigstens 20°, gegenüber der Senkrechten geneigte Außenwände auf.In a further embodiment of the invention, the underwater vehicle has a tower in the midship section. The tower particularly preferably has outer walls inclined by at least 10°, particularly preferably by at least 20°, relative to the vertical.
Besonders bevorzugt weist der Turm den gleichen Winkel wie die unterhalb des Turm angrenzende Seite des polygonalen Querschnitts auf.Particularly preferably, the tower has the same angle as the side of the polygonal cross-section adjacent below the tower.
Erfindungsgemäß weist die Krümmung der Mittelschiffssektion einen Krümmungsradius auf, wobei das Verhältnis von Krümmungsradius zu Länge des Unterwasserfahrzeugs zwischen 5 und 1.000, bevorzugt zwischen 10 und 250, besonders bevorzugt zwischen 25 und 100, liegt.According to the invention, the curvature of the midship section has a radius of curvature, wherein the ratio of radius of curvature to length of the underwater vehicle is between 5 and 1,000, preferably between 10 and 250, particularly preferably between 25 and 100.
Die Krümmung der Mittelschiffssektion muss nicht über die gesamte Länge konstant sein. Die Krümmung der Mittelschiffssektion kann insbesondere angrenzend an die Bugsektion und/oder Hecksektion zu den Sektionen hin ansteigend sein, beispielsweise um einen Übergang zu schaffen. Bevorzugt ist die Krümmung im Übergang vom Mittelschiff zur Bugsektion zunehmend und im Übergang vom Mittelschiff zum Bereich der Hecksektion abnehmend.The curvature of the midship section does not have to be constant over the entire length. The curvature of the midship section can increase towards the sections, particularly adjacent to the bow section and/or stern section, for example to create a transition. Preferably, the curvature increases in the transition from the midship to the bow section and decreases in the transition from the midship to the area of the stern section.
Beispielsweise ergibt sich somit für ein Unterwasserfahrzeug mit 80 m Länge eine Krümmung der Mittelschiffssektion welche eine Querschnittsvergrößerung eines gedachten, das Mittelschiff umfassenden Kreises gegenüber einer ungekrümmten, geraden Zylinderform von etwa 0,5 m bis 2 m bewirkt, wobei der Turm oder andere Auf- oder Anbauten hier gedanklich nicht berücksichtigt werden.For example, for an underwater vehicle with a length of 80 m, this results in a curvature of the midship section which causes an increase in the cross-section of an imaginary circle enclosing the midship compared to an uncurved, straight cylinder shape of about 0.5 m to 2 m, whereby the tower or other superstructures or attachments are not taken into account here.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung weist der polygonale Querschnitt eine breiteste Stelle auf, wobei die breiteste Stelle des polygonalen Querschnitts unterhalb oder oberhalb der Mitte angeordnet ist, wobei die Mitte die halbe Höhe des polygonalen Querschnitts definiert ist.In a further embodiment of the invention, the polygonal cross-section has a widest point, wherein the widest point of the polygonal cross-section is arranged below or above the center, wherein the center defines half the height of the polygonal cross-section.
Die Abweichung von einer symmetrischen Auslegung ermöglicht es, gezielt einen größeren Teil der eintreffenden Detektionswelle in die gleiche Richtung abzulenken. Befindet sich die breiteste Stelle unterhalb der Mitte, so wird der größere Teil nach oben und somit zur Wasseroberfläche reflektiert. Befindet sich die breiteste Stelle oberhalb der Mitte, so wird der größere Teil nach unten und somit zum Meeresgrund reflektiert. Für die Bootsstabilität ist die erste für die Verringerung des Zielmaßes die zweite Variante bevorzugt.The deviation from a symmetrical design makes it possible to specifically deflect a larger part of the incoming detection wave in the same direction. If the widest point is below the middle, the larger part is reflected upwards and thus to the water surface. If the widest point is above the middle, the larger part is reflected downwards and thus to the seabed. The first variant is preferred for boat stability, the second for reducing the target size.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist die breiteste Stelle des polygonalen Querschnitts wenigstens 10 %, bevorzugt wenigstens 20 % der halben Höhe des polygonalen Querschnitts unterhalb oder oberhalb der Mitte angeordnet.In a further embodiment of the invention, the widest point of the polygonal cross-section is arranged at least 10%, preferably at least 20% of half the height of the polygonal cross-section below or above the center.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung weisen alle Ebenen des polygonalen Querschnitts eine Neigung von wenigstens 10°, bevorzugt von wenigstens 20°, gegenüber der Senkrechten auf.In a further embodiment of the invention, all planes of the polygonal cross-section have an inclination of at least 10°, preferably of at least 20°, relative to the vertical.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung weisen alle Ebenen des polygonalen Querschnitts eine Neigung von 10° bis 40° oder 50° bis 80° gegenüber der Senkrechten auf. Auch der Winkel von 45° ist zu vermeiden, da hierbei die eintreffende Welle beispielsweise an die Wasseroberfläche reflektiert wird, von dieser zurück reflektiert wird und dann wieder direkt zum Sender reflektiert wird. Zwar wird die Intensität durch die Mehrfachreflexion geringer, ist aber dennoch gegenüber anderen Winkeln deutlich erhöht.In a further embodiment of the invention, all planes of the polygonal cross-section have an inclination of 10° to 40° or 50° to 80° relative to the vertical. The angle of 45° should also be avoided, since the incoming wave is reflected, for example, onto the water surface, reflected back from there and then reflected directly back to the transmitter. Although the intensity is reduced by the multiple reflection, it is still significantly higher than at other angles.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung weist die Außenhülle eine schallabsorbierende Eigenschaft auf. Zusätzlich zur optimierten Geometrie kann die Außenhülle aus einem schallabsorbierenden Material bestehen, dieses aufweisen oder damit beschichtet sein. Da die Absorption nie vollständig sein kann, kombinieren sich die beiden Effekte positiv.In a further embodiment of the invention, the outer shell has a sound-absorbing property. In addition to the optimized geometry, the outer shell can be made of a consist of, contain or be coated with sound-absorbing material. Since absorption can never be complete, the two effects combine positively.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist die Außenhülle für Schallwellen im Frequenzbereich von 100 Hz bis 100 kHz, insbesondere im Bereich von 1 kHz bis 25 kHz im Wesentlichen reflektierend und/oder absorbierend ist. Da unter der Außenhülle andere, nicht optimierte Strukturen angeordnet sein können, muss die Transmission durch die Außenhülle so gering wie möglich gehalten werden. Die Summe aus Reflexionsgrad, Absorptionsgrad und Transmissionsgrad beträgt definitionsgemäß 1. Als im Wesentlichen reflektierend und/oder absorbierend wird angesehen, wenn der Reflexionsgrad und/oder der Transmissionsgrad wenigstens 0,75 bevorzugt wenigstens 0,9, besonders bevorzugt wenigstens 0,95 beträgt.In a further embodiment of the invention, the outer shell is essentially reflective and/or absorbent for sound waves in the frequency range from 100 Hz to 100 kHz, in particular in the range from 1 kHz to 25 kHz. Since other, non-optimized structures can be arranged under the outer shell, the transmission through the outer shell must be kept as low as possible. The sum of the reflectance, absorbance and transmittance is by definition 1. It is considered to be essentially reflective and/or absorbent if the reflectance and/or transmittance is at least 0.75, preferably at least 0.9, particularly preferably at least 0.95.
Erfindungsgemäß weist das Unterwasserfahrzeug unter der Außenhülle einen im Wesentlichen zylindrischen Druckkörper auf.According to the invention, the underwater vehicle has a substantially cylindrical pressure hull under the outer hull.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung umfasst die Außenhülle den zylindrischen Druckkörper nicht vollständig. Somit bildet der Druckkörper bereichsweise die Außenhülle. Dieses kann beispielsweise an eher unkritischen Stellen, beispielsweise an der Unterseite der Fall sein.In a further embodiment of the invention, the outer shell does not completely enclose the cylindrical pressure body. The pressure body thus forms the outer shell in some areas. This can be the case, for example, in less critical places, for example on the underside.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung sind zwischen Außenhülle und Druckkörper Sensoren, insbesondere passive Sonarsensoren und/oder Betriebsstoffspeicher angeordnet.In a further embodiment of the invention, sensors, in particular passive sonar sensors and/or fuel reservoirs, are arranged between the outer hull and the pressure hull.
Betriebsstoffspeicher umfassen alle Formen von Lagergütern, die zum Betrieb des Unterseeboots erforderlich sind, beispielhaft sind dieses Benzin- oder Dieseltanks, Wasserstoffspeicher, beispielsweise in Form von Druckgasspeicher, Flüssig-WasserstoffSpeicher oder Metallhydridspeicher, Sauerstoffspeicher, beispielsweise in Form von Druckgasspeicher oder Flüssig-Sauerstoff-Speicher, Methanolspeicher, Ethanolspeicher, Batterien, Akkumulatoren sowie Druckgasspeicher für Gasturbinen aber auch autonome oder ferngesteuerte Unterwasserfahrzeuge, Waffen, wie zum Beispiel Torpedos oder Flugkörper, oder Täuschkörper.Fuel storage includes all forms of storage goods that are required to operate the submarine, for example gasoline or diesel tanks, hydrogen storage, for example in the form of compressed gas storage, liquid hydrogen storage or metal hydride storage, oxygen storage, for example in the form of compressed gas storage or liquid oxygen storage, methanol storage, ethanol storage, batteries, accumulators and compressed gas storage for gas turbines, but also autonomous or remote-controlled underwater vehicles, weapons, such as torpedoes or missiles, or decoys.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist ein Propeller auf der Höhe der breitesten Stelle der Außenhaut angeordnet.In a further embodiment of the invention, a propeller is arranged at the level of the widest point of the outer skin.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist das Unterwasserfahrzeug ein Unterseeboot. Bevorzugt ist das Unterwasserfahrzeug ein militärisches Unterwasserfahrzeug, besonders bevorzugt ein militärisches Unterseeboot.In a further embodiment of the invention, the underwater vehicle is a submarine. Preferably, the underwater vehicle is a military underwater vehicle, particularly preferably a military submarine.
Nachfolgend ist das erfindungsgemäße Unterwasserfahrzeug anhand in den Zeichnungen dargestellter Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert.
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Fig. 1 Aufsicht auf ein erfindungsgemäßes Unterwasserfahrzeug -
Fig. 2 Querschnitt eines ersten beispielhaften Unterwasserfahrzeugs -
Fig. 3 Querschnitt eines zweiten beispielhaften Unterwasserfahrzeugs -
Fig. 4 Querschnitt eines dritten beispielhaften Unterwasserfahrzeugs -
Fig. 5 Querschnitt eines vierten beispielhaften Unterwasserfahrzeugs
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Fig.1 View of an underwater vehicle according to the invention -
Fig.2 Cross section of a first exemplary underwater vehicle -
Fig.3 Cross section of a second exemplary underwater vehicle -
Fig.4 Cross section of a third exemplary underwater vehicle -
Fig.5 Cross section of a fourth exemplary underwater vehicle
In
Im Gegensatz zu
Alle in
- 1010
- UnterwasserfahrzeugUnderwater vehicle
- 2020
- BugsektionBow section
- 3030
- MittelschiffsektionCentral nave section
- 4040
- HecksektionRear section
- 5050
- AußenhülleOuter shell
- 6060
- RuderRudder
- 7070
- Propellerpropeller
- 8080
- DruckkörperPressure hull
- 9090
- Mittecenter
- 100100
- breiteste Stellewidest point
- 110110
- TreibstoffspeicherFuel storage
- 120120
- SonarsensorenSonar sensors
Claims (12)
- Underwater vehicle (10) with reduced probability of detection, wherein the underwater vehicle (10) has an outer hull (50), wherein the underwater vehicle (10) has a bow section (20), a stern section (40) and a midship section (30), wherein the outer hull (50) of the midship section (30) has a polygonal cross-section transverse to the longitudinal direction of the underwater vehicle (10), wherein the outer hull (50) of the midship section (30) has a curvature along the longitudinal direction of the underwater vehicle (10) over the entire length of the midship section (30), wherein the underwater vehicle (10) has a substantially cylindrical pressure hull (80) under the outer hull (50), characterised in that that the curvature of the midship section has a radius of curvature, wherein the ratio of the radius of curvature to the length of the underwater vehicle (10) is between 5 and 1.000, wherein the polygonal cross-section has three to 10 corners.
- Underwater vehicle (10) according to claim 1, characterised in that the polygonal cross-section has a mirror plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis.
- Underwater vehicle (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the outer hull (50) of the midship section (30) has a curvature transverse to the longitudinal direction of the underwater vehicle (10) over the entire cross-section along the longitudinal direction of the underwater vehicle (10).
- Underwater vehicle (10) according to claim 3, characterised in that the outer shell (50) forms a conical section in the longitudinal direction of the underwater vehicle (10) or is composed of two or more conical sections.
- Underwater vehicle (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the underwater vehicle (10) has a turret in the midship section (30).
- Underwater vehicle (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the ratio of the radius of curvature to the length of the underwater vehicle (10) is between 10 and 250, particularly preferably between 25 and 100.
- Underwater vehicle (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the polygonal cross-section has a widest point (100), wherein the widest point (100) of the polygonal cross-section is arranged below or above the centre (90), wherein the centre (90) is defined as half the height of the polygonal cross-section.
- Underwater vehicle (10) according to claim 7, characterised in that the widest point (100) of the polygonal cross-section is arranged at least 10%, preferably at least 20% of half the height of the polygonal cross-section below or above the centre (90).
- Underwater vehicle (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that all planes of the polygonal cross-section have an inclination of at least 10°, preferably of at least 20°, relative to the vertical.
- Underwater vehicle (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that all planes of the polygonal cross-section have an inclination of 10° to 40° or 50° to 80° relative to the vertical.
- Underwater vehicle (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the outer shell (50) has a sound-absorbing property.
- Underwater vehicle (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that sensors, in particular passive sonar sensors (120), and/or fuel accumulators (110) are arranged between the outer hull (50) and the pressure hull (80).
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EP17804514.2A EP3544885B1 (en) | 2016-11-24 | 2017-11-20 | Underwater craft less likely to be detected across great distances |
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CN112356969A (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2021-02-12 | 江苏科技大学 | Polygonal submersible |
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JP2019536685A (en) | 2019-12-19 |
IL266803A (en) | 2019-08-29 |
CN110072769B (en) | 2022-01-18 |
US20190315445A1 (en) | 2019-10-17 |
EP3943377A1 (en) | 2022-01-26 |
PL3943377T3 (en) | 2024-06-24 |
EP3943377C0 (en) | 2024-04-10 |
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