EP3942663A1 - Disjoncteur - Google Patents

Disjoncteur

Info

Publication number
EP3942663A1
EP3942663A1 EP20720002.3A EP20720002A EP3942663A1 EP 3942663 A1 EP3942663 A1 EP 3942663A1 EP 20720002 A EP20720002 A EP 20720002A EP 3942663 A1 EP3942663 A1 EP 3942663A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
circuit
characteristic
electrical
switching element
circuit breaker
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP20720002.3A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Alexander Labs
Christian Strobl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ellenberger and Poensgen GmbH
Original Assignee
Ellenberger and Poensgen GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ellenberger and Poensgen GmbH filed Critical Ellenberger and Poensgen GmbH
Publication of EP3942663A1 publication Critical patent/EP3942663A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
    • H02H3/093—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current with timing means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H1/00—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
    • H02H1/0007—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements concerning the detecting means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a circuit breaker with a main current path which has a controllable first switching element with a first control input.
  • the first control input is led to a controllable second switching element of a control circuit and is thus operated by means of this.
  • Telecommunication systems or data center systems are usually connected to an electrical supply network.
  • An alternating voltage the frequency of which is 50 Hz or 60 Hz, is usually provided by means of the supply network. Since the functional components of the system are mostly operated using direct voltage, a rectifier of the system is connected to the electrical supply network. By means of this, the AC voltage is converted into a DC voltage, which can be between 10 V and several 100 V, and which is fed into a DC circuit. The other components of the system are in electrical contact with the direct current circuit and are thus supplied with current.
  • circuit breakers are usually used, which have a switching element that is operated depending on the presence of the malfunction, such as an excessive electrical current.
  • the switching element is formed, for example, by means of a bimetal strip, by means of which the electrical current is carried.
  • the bimetal strip can be supplemented with a coil arrangement.
  • This thermal-magnetic circuit breaker can react faster to short overcurrent events compared to the purely thermal principle.
  • large tolerances can occur, which make it more difficult to meet the protection requirements of the direct current circuit (DC network) with possibly very high short current peaks in nominal operation and with limited continuous short-circuit power and the required quickest possible shutdown in the event of a fault.
  • the switching element is designed independently of the determination of the fault.
  • the switching element is, for example, a fail-safe switch or a relay.
  • These are actuated by means of a control circuit which usually has a microprocessor and a current sensor.
  • the electrical current conducted by means of the switching element is detected by means of the current sensor.
  • the current sensor is coupled to the microprocessor for signaling purposes, so that the microprocessor has knowledge of the value of the current flowing electrical current. This is used to evaluate this, and depending on the evaluation, the switching element is actuated by the microprocessor.
  • By means of programming and / or selection of the microprocessor it is thus possible to implement different switching characteristics of the circuit breaker. Therefore it is possible borrowed to use the circuit breaker in different applications, only the microprocessor has to be programmed accordingly. Due to the microprocessor, however, manufacturing costs and susceptibility to interference are increased.
  • the invention is based on the object of specifying a particularly suitable circuit breaker, with manufacturing costs advantageously being reduced, and with an adaptation to different applications being expediently increased.
  • the circuit breaker is used to protect a component, such as a line or another component, for example a load unit or a load.
  • a certain electrical current is normally carried by means of the circuit breaker.
  • the circuit breaker is triggered, so that the flow of the electrical current (current flow) is interrupted.
  • the electrical current normally carried by the circuit breaker is greater than 0.5 A, 1 A, 5 A, 10 A, 20 A or 50 A. In particular, the maximum normally carried electrical current is less than 200 A, 150 A or 100 A.
  • a direct current is particularly preferably carried by means of the circuit breaker.
  • the circuit breaker is suitable for this purpose, in particular provided and directed. If the electrical current is interrupted, an electrical voltage that is greater than 12 V, 48 V, 100 V or 200 V is applied to the protective switch in particular. For example, the electrical voltage is less than 2,000 V,
  • the circuit breaker is a high-voltage circuit breaker.
  • the circuit breaker is used in a motor vehicle and is therefore a component of the motor vehicle.
  • the force vehicle has a high-voltage energy store that is electrically connected to a drive, such as an electric motor.
  • the circuit breaker in the assembled state is brought into a line between the high-voltage energy store and the drive, which is preferably part of a high-voltage on-board network.
  • the circuit breaker is suitable for this purpose, in particular provided and directed.
  • the circuit breaker is used, for example, in a charging station for an electric vehicle.
  • the circuit breaker is used to secure a telecommunications system, for example a mobile radio system, or in a data center system.
  • the circuit breaker is introduced into a direct current circuit (DC network), for example, which is fed by means of a rectifier of the respective system.
  • DC network direct current circuit
  • the rectifier in particular an alternating voltage provided by means of an electrical supply network is transformed into a direct voltage, the alternating voltage in particular having a frequency of 50 Hz or 60 Hz.
  • a direct voltage of between 10 V and several 100 V is expediently present in the direct current circuit.
  • the applied electrical (direct) voltage is between 10 V and 500 V, between 50 V and 200 V or between 100 V and 150 V.
  • the circuit breaker is used to protect the direct current circuit or a component of the respective system that is controlled by the DC circuit is fed.
  • the circuit breaker has a main current path with a controllable first switching element.
  • the electrical current is carried by means of the main current path.
  • the switching element is arranged within the main current path in such a way that the electrical current flowing through the main current path can be interrupted by means of the first switching element.
  • the first switching element expediently has two working contacts that are part of the main current path.
  • the first switching element is designed to be controllable and has a first control input. The first control input is not part of the main current path. Depending on an (electrical) level applied to the first control input, the first control element is actuated and thus the main current path is interrupted. The first switching element is connected accordingly.
  • the first switching element is a semiconductor switch, such as a power semiconductor switch.
  • the first switching element is preferably a field effect transistor, such as a MOSFET.
  • the first switching element thus has a drain and a source input as working contacts, which are part of the main current path.
  • the gate input forms the first control input or is part of it.
  • the first switching element is formed by means of a relay.
  • the two working contacts can be mechanically spaced from one another by means of an armature and / or mechanically placed directly against one another.
  • the working contacts are mechanically preloaded, for example by means of a spring, so that the spring force is actuated by means of the armature with a corresponding movement.
  • the armature is in particular a component of a relay drive, which has an electrical coil, by means of which a corre sponding force is exerted on the armature when the current is supplied accordingly.
  • one of the connections of the coils is the first control input or at least electrically contacted with it.
  • the first switching element has an interconnection of a relay and a semiconductor switch.
  • the semiconductor switch is connected in parallel with the relay.
  • the interconnection is preferably such that when the relay is opened, the electric current commutates to the semiconductor, so that an arc is prevented from forming in the relay. Following this, the semiconductor switch in particular is actuated and the electrical current is thus interrupted.
  • the circuit breaker also has a controllable second switching element, the first control input of the first switching element against the second switching element ment.
  • the second switching element is, for example, a relay, a semi-conductor switch or a combination thereof.
  • a control current is switched by means of the second switching element and in this way a certain electrical level is applied to the first control input.
  • the second switching element in particular also has two working contacts, which is formed therefrom for example by means of a relay or a semiconductor switch or a combination.
  • one of the working contacts of the second switching element is in solid electrical contact with the first control input of the first switching element. It is thus possible to apply a reference potential to the first control input by means of the second switching element.
  • the second switching element is also designed to be controllable, so that it is actuated as a function of certain conditions.
  • the second switching element preferably has a second control input for this purpose.
  • the first switching element is thus actuated by means of the second switching element, and when the second switching element is actuated, in particular the first switching element is actuated. It is possible here to design the first switching element in such a way that it is actuated at a comparatively low level applied to the first control input. It is therefore not necessary to switch comparatively large electrical currents and / or electrical voltages by means of the second switching element, so that comparatively inexpensive components can be used for this.
  • the electrical voltage switched by means of the second switching element is less than 30 V or 20 V. In contrast, an electrical voltage between 100 V and 1,000 V is expediently switched by means of the first switching element.
  • the second switching element is part of a control circuit, which further comprises a current sensor that is coupled to the main current path.
  • a current sensor that is coupled to the main current path.
  • the current sensor is introduced into the main current path or at least in operative connection with it. It is thus possible to use the current sensor to detect the electrical current carried by means of the main current path.
  • the current sensor itself has two outputs, with the electrical voltage between the outputs of the current sensor being applied during operation. is dependent on the electrical current carried by means of the main current path.
  • the current sensor is designed to be suitable for this.
  • there is a functional connection between the electrical current and the electrical voltage the function preferably being continuous and / or differentiable.
  • the electrical voltage applied between the outputs is essentially proportional to the electrical current carried by means of the main current path.
  • an electrical voltage of 2 V corresponds to a conducted electrical current between 10 A and 100 A.
  • only comparatively low electrical voltages and / or comparatively low electrical currents are present in the control circuit, in particular below 1 A, 0.5 A, 0.1 or 0.01 A. It is therefore possible to use comparatively inexpensive components for the control circuit, which further reduces the production costs of the circuit breaker.
  • the control circuit comprises a microcontroller-free characteristic circuit.
  • the characteristic circuit does not have a microcontroller and / or microprocessor.
  • the characteristic circuit is preferably constructed in an analog manner and thus does not include any digital components, in particular no electronic components.
  • the complete control circuit is preferably constructed without a microcontroller and / or analog. In other words, the complete control circuit has no digital components and / or electronic components. At least, however, the control circuit does not include a microprocessor / microcontroller and is therefore free of microprocessors / microcontrollers.
  • the control circuit comprises a comparator and a Schmitt trigger.
  • the complete circuit breaker preferably has an analog structure and thus has no digital / electronic components or at least no microprocesses
  • the circuit breaker is microprocessor-free / microcontroller-free.
  • the characteristic circuit has two inputs, each of the outputs of the current sensor being led to a respective input of the characteristic circuit. During operation, the electrical voltage provided by means of the current sensor is thus present at the inputs of the characteristic circuit. Consequently, using the Current sensor provided the electrical voltage for the characteristic circuit.
  • the characteristic circuit has two further outputs, between which a further electrical voltage is applied during operation.
  • the other electrical voltage is functionally related to the electrical voltage. There is preferably a functional relationship between the further electrical voltage and the time profile of the electrical voltage. The functional relationship expediently corresponds to a specific characteristic curve or at least corresponds to this.
  • the additional electrical voltage is only different from an open-circuit voltage level corresponding to the rated current if the electrical voltage exceeds a certain limit value or changes by more than one further limit value within a certain time window, for example increases.
  • a specific characteristic curve or at least a switching point is thus specified by means of the characteristic circuit, so that the further electrical voltage applied between the further outputs is dependent on the specific characteristic curve.
  • a time window is expediently assigned to each jump height (change) in the electrical current, the pairs formed in this way in particular each defining a switching point of the circuit breaker.
  • a number of such switching points are expediently defined by means of the characteristic line circuit, i.e. two switching points, three switching points or more switching points.
  • the second switching element is actuated depending on the further electrical voltage applied between the further outputs of the characteristic circuit.
  • the second switching element is thus actuated when the electrical voltage that is applied to the inputs of the characteristic curve circuit is a certain one Conditions met. However, this electrical voltage is dependent on the electrical current carried by means of the main current path.
  • the second switching element is thus actuated when the electrical current which is carried by means of the main current path meets a certain condition.
  • the second switching element is preferably actuated when a switching point is reached due to a change in the electrical current, i.e.
  • the first switching element When the second switching element is actuated, the first switching element is actuated so that, in summary, this is actuated as a function of the electrical current carried by means of the main current path.
  • the characteristic circuit in particular two conditions or more conditions are defined which the time profile of the electrical current and therefore also the profile of the electrical voltage must have so that the second switching element is actuated.
  • the characteristic circuit is also designed without a microcontroller, it is comparatively insensitive and therefore robust. As a result, reliability and safety are increased.
  • the tripping characteristic is also set by means of the characteristic circuit, which can be manufactured with comparative precision and which therefore has comparatively low manufacturing tolerances. As a result, a calibration of each circuit breaker after its manufacture or during operation is not required, which reduces manufacturing and operating costs.
  • one of the outputs of the current sensor and / or one of the inputs of the characteristic circuit is electrically connected to ground and is therefore at the electrical potential of ground.
  • one of the further outputs of the characteristic curve circuit is, for example, led electrically towards ground and thus at the electrical potential of ground. As a result, an interconnection of the circuit breaker is simplified.
  • the circuit breaker particularly preferably has a comparator circuit which in particular comprises a comparator.
  • the Kompara gate circuit is also built analog and has a cut trigger.
  • the comparator circuit has two inputs which are connected to the other outputs of the characteristic curve circuit. In particular, these are electrically connected directly to one another, so that the further electrical voltage is applied to the inputs of the comparator circuit during operation.
  • the comparator circuit has a reference input which is expediently led to an electrical reference potential.
  • the reference potential in particular a certain constant electrical voltage with respect to a further electrical potential is provided, this electrical potential also being applied, for example, to the comparator circuit.
  • the electrical potential of one of the further outputs of the characteristic circuit is used as the further electrical potential.
  • the comparator circuit has an output which is fed to the possibly second control input of the second switching element.
  • there is an electrical level at the output of the comparator circuit if the further electrical voltage present between the further outputs of the characteristic curve circuit satisfies a specific condition with regard to the reference potential.
  • the electrical potential which is applied to one of the inputs of the comparator circuit is compared with respect to the electrical potential which is applied to the reference input, that is to say preferably the reference potential.
  • the other input of the comparator circuit is electrically connected to ground.
  • the second switching element is actuated.
  • the outputs of the current sensor are particularly preferably galvanically separated from the main current path.
  • the complete control circuit is preferably galvanically separated from the main current path, which increases safety and the protection of the system and / or people.
  • the current sensor comprises a Hall sensor or is formed by means of it. By means of the Hall sensor, a magnetic field surrounding the main current path is recorded during operation, which is caused by the electrical current carried by it.
  • the current sensor is, for example, a magnetoresistive sensor or comprises this. During operation, the magnetoresistive sensor is also used to detect the magnetic field surrounding the main current path, which is caused by the electric current.
  • the current sensor is spaced from the main current path, which facilitates galvanic isolation.
  • the current sensor includes, for example, a shunt, that is to say expediently a measuring resistor, which is introduced into the main current path.
  • the current sensor is at least partially also a component of the main current path.
  • the current sensor preferably comprises a galvanic separation of the shunt from the output gen, so that the galvanic isolation is also implemented in this way. Alternatively, this is not available, which reduces manufacturing costs.
  • one of the inputs of the characteristic circuit is routed to one of the further outputs of the characteristic circuit by means of a triggering path.
  • the trigger path is present between this input of the characteristic circuit and the further output of the characteristic circuit, and this input of the characteristic circuit is connected to the further output of the characteristic circuit by means of the release path.
  • the remaining input of the characteristic circuit hereinafter referred to in particular as “remaining input”
  • the remaining further output of the characteristic circuit hereinafter especially further referred to as “remaining further output”
  • the remaining input of the characteristic circuit is led directly to the remaining further output of the characteristic circuit and is thus in direct electrical contact with it.
  • the electrical potential applied to the remaining input of the characteristic circuit is equal to the electrical potential applied to the other remaining output of the characteristic circuit, and these are preferably mechanically provided by means of the same connection.
  • the remaining input of the characteristic circuit and the remaining further output of the characteristic circuit are preferably connected to ground.
  • the trigger path expediently has a first resistance.
  • the input of the characteristic circuit is connected to the white direct output of the characteristic circuit by means of the first resistor.
  • additional electrical components are arranged between the first resistor and the input or output.
  • the first resistance is against the remaining further one by means of a first capacitance Output and thus also against the remaining input of the characteristic circuit.
  • the first capacitance is particularly preferably a capacitor.
  • the electrical voltage applied to the two inputs of the characteristic curve circuit When the electrical voltage is applied to the two inputs of the characteristic curve circuit, a current flow results via the first resistor, by means of which the first capacitance is charged.
  • the duration of the charging is set by means of the first resistor.
  • the electrical voltage applied to the first capacitance is in particular the additional electrical voltage applied to the wider outputs of the characteristic circuit.
  • the course of the electrical voltage that is present at the inputs of the characteristic curve circuit differs from the course of the further electrical voltage that is present at the further outputs of the characteristic curve circuit.
  • the further electrical voltage depends on the choice of the first resistor and the choice of the first capacitance and on the applied electrical voltage. If this has a comparatively rapid fluctuation, ie in particular voltage peaks, this is smoothed by means of the first resistor and the first capacitance. In other words, the first resistor and the first capacitance act as a low pass. As a result, there is in particular no actuation of the second switching element and thus no triggering of the circuit breaker. It is therefore possible, by means of a suitable choice of the first resistance and the first capacitance, to at least partially show the behavior of a thermal
  • a characteristic branch is connected in parallel to the first capacitance, which has a series connection of a capacitance and a resistor.
  • the capacitance is expediently gebil det by means of a capacitor.
  • the capacity is on the side of the first resistance or on the side of the remaining further output / input in relation to borrowed the associated resistance.
  • the characteristic branch is formed by means of the series connection.
  • a further condition for the further electrical voltage is also specified by means of the characteristic branch.
  • a low pass is formed by means of the characteristic branch and / or a low pass forms the characteristic branch. The low pass is preferably linear.
  • the characteristic branch it is possible to change the already existing characteristic by adding a further switching point, the switching point defining in particular a certain temporal increase in the applied electrical voltage, and thus the electrical current carried by means of the main current path, within a certain time window .
  • the switching point is realized or exceeded, the second switching element is suitably activated.
  • the further electrical voltage fulfills a certain condition which leads to the switching of the second switching element.
  • the circuit breaker that is to say the characteristic circuit, comprises at least one such further characteristic branch, preferably several further characteristic branches.
  • Each of these characteristic branches is formed in particular by means of the respective capacitance and the respective resistance.
  • the characteristic branches are in particular similar to one another and technically differ only in the dimensioning of the respective components, but not in the arrangement and / or type of the components.
  • the characteristic branches preferably differ, in particular due to the choice of the respective resistance, the capacities, for example, always being the same.
  • the capacitances are always the same and the resistances differ.
  • both the resistances and the capacitances differ between at least two of the characteristic branches.
  • Circuit breaker preferably has 4, 5, 6, 8, 10 or more such characteristic branches.
  • a switching point of the characteristic curve or a complete characteristic curve is determined by means of each of the characteristic branches, that is to say a condition is defined. These correspond to a change in the electrical current carried by means of the main current within a specific time window. If one of these switching points is exceeded, the respective condition is met, which is indicated by the additional electrical voltage. For example, in this case, that is to say when the respective condition is met, the further electrical voltage is greater than a specific limit value, in particular greater than any reference potential. In this case, the second switching element is thus activated.
  • the first resistor on the side of the input of the characteristic line circuit is guided by means of a second resistor to the remaining wide Ren output of the characteristic line circuit.
  • the second resistor is thus also connected to the remaining input of the characteristic circuit.
  • the second resistor preferably has a comparatively large value, so that it is comparatively high-resistance.
  • the resistance value of the second resistor is, for example, greater than 20 kOhm, 50 kOhm, 10 kOhm.
  • the further electrical voltage is therefore essentially not influenced by the second resistor.
  • the circuit breaker is switched to a safe state after it has been triggered, and there is no longer any electrical voltage on the individual components.
  • the triggering path has a third resistor which is connected in parallel to the first capacitance. So the third resistance is also electrically connected to the two other outputs of the characteristic circuit.
  • the first capacitance is always discharged by means of the third resistor, so that in this way any voltage peaks in the electrical voltage are cushioned, which is why a thermal behavior of the circuit breaker can be mimicked. Excessive charging of the first capacitance is also avoided, which is why it always has its mode of operation.
  • the switching point or the characteristic that is provided by means of the trigger path is thus further adapted by means of the third resistor.
  • the tripping path preferably comprises a diode which is arranged between the first resistor and the input of the characteristic curve circuit.
  • a current flow from the input of the characteristic curve circuit to the first resistor is possible here, but not vice versa.
  • a diode is connected between the further output of the characteristic circuit and the first resistor and therefore also between the first capacitance and the further output of the characteristic circuit.
  • an electrical current flow from the first resistance to the further output of the characteristic curve is possible.
  • the two diodes are particularly preferably present so that current can flow through the first resistor. Because of the two diodes, the mode of operation of the tripping path is improved, and it is ensured that the first capacitance is always discharged on the side of the other outputs of the characteristic curve circuit.
  • an additional resistor is connected between the wider output of the characteristic circuit and the first resistor and therefore also between the first capacitance and the further output of the characteristic circuit.
  • the characteristic curve circuit comprises at least one further triggering path or more further triggering paths, for example 2, 3, 4, 5 or 10 further triggering paths.
  • the other trigger paths are parallel to the trigger path. switches and thus led to one input of the characteristic circuit and the other output of the characteristic circuit.
  • All trigger paths are preferably constructed in the same way with respect to one another and thus have in particular the same number and / or types of components. Their respective interconnection does not differ either.
  • at least one of the components of the trigger path differs due to the dimensioning / the respective value.
  • the first, second and / or third resistance are different at least between two of the triggering paths. It is thus possible, by means of the characteristic circuit, to provide a comparatively complex characteristic, on the basis of which the circuit breaker is triggered.
  • the values for the first resistance, the first capacitance and the further capacitances / resistances are determined, for example, by means of a heuristic method and / or an iterative method, in particular if several such trigger paths / characteristic branches are present.
  • a component is referred to as a first, second, third,... Component, it is in particular only to be understood as a specific component. In particular, this does not mean that a specific number of such components is present. In particular, it does not imply that the second resistor is present if the third resistor is present.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a circuit breaker with a characteristic scarf device
  • Fig. 2 simplifies a circuit diagram of an embodiment of the characteristic circuit
  • FIG. 4 a further embodiment of the characteristic curve device. Corresponding parts are given the same reference characters in all figures.
  • a direct current system 2 with two converters 4, which are connected to one another by means of a direct current circuit 6, is shown in a schematically simplified manner.
  • a load 8 is energized.
  • the direct current system 2 is part of a charging station for electromobility, so that the load 8 represents a motor vehicle or the like.
  • the direct current system 2 is, for example, a component of a telecommunications or data center system, and the load 8 is formed by means of a mobile radio system (station) or some other component.
  • One of the converters 4 is designed as a rectifier and is connected to a supply network 10 which, for example, carries an (electrical) direct voltage or an (electrical) alternating voltage.
  • the supply network 10 is provided by means of a battery or some other energy storage device.
  • the direct current circuit 6 has two current paths 12, by means of which electrical energy can be transferred between the two converters 4 during operation.
  • a protective switch 14 is introduced into one of the current paths 12, which thus at least partially forms one of the current paths 12.
  • the circuit breaker 14 has a main current path 16 which is connected to further components of the associated current path 12 by means of connections not shown in detail. In other words, the main current path 16 at least partially forms the current path 12.
  • the circuit breaker 14 has a first switching element 18 with two working contacts 20, with an electrical resistance being able to be set between these.
  • the first switching element 18 has a first control input 22, by means of which the electrical resistance between the two working contacts 20 is set. The first switching element 18 is thus designed to be controllable.
  • the first switching element 18 is formed by means of a semiconductor switch, for example a power semiconductor switch.
  • the electrical resistance between the two is established Working contacts 20 set, which are provided in particular by means of “Drain” and “Source” be.
  • the first switching element 18 is formed by means of a relay, and the working contacts 20 are mounted movably relative to one another, so that the electrical resistance is increased by spacing them apart.
  • At least one of the working contacts 20 is in operative connection with an armature not shown in detail, the position of the two Ulskon clocks 20 is set to each other by means of the armature.
  • the armature is made, for example, of a magnetic or ferromagnetic material and is driven by means of a coil of a relay drive, not shown in closer. If a certain electrical voltage is applied to the first control input 22, the coil is energized.
  • the circuit breaker 14 also includes a control circuit 24, by means of which the first switching element 18 is controlled. In other words, the control circuit 24 is led to the first control input 22 of the first switching element 18.
  • the control circuit 24 has a current sensor 26 which includes a Hall sensor 28.
  • the Hall sensor 28 surrounds the main current path 16 on the circumferential side, so that a magnetic field can be detected by means of it, which is caused by an electrical current carried by the main current path 16, which is normally 30 A (rated current, "i ne nn").
  • the Hall sensor 28 is mechanically spaced from the main current path 16 and operated by means of an evaluation circuit 30 of the current sensor 26, that is, energized.
  • the evaluation circuit 30 is electrically connected to a DC voltage source 32, by means of which an electrical direct voltage of 24 V is provided compared to ground 34, the evaluation circuit 30 also being electrically connected to ground 34.
  • the electrical DC voltage to ground 34 is between 1 V and 50 V, between 10 V and 30 V and is, for example, 12 V.
  • the current sensor 26, namely the evaluation circuit 30, has two outputs 36 from which one is also led against mass. In other words, ground 34 is always present at this output 36 as an electrical potential.
  • the electrical voltage 38 (FIG.
  • a magnetoresistive sensor is used instead of the Hall sensor 28.
  • the outputs 36 of the current sensor 26 are galvanically isolated from the main current path 16 due to the design.
  • a shunt is used which is introduced into the main current path 16. In this case, the outputs 36 are electrically isolated from the main current path 16 by means of a corresponding adaptation of the evaluation circuit 30.
  • the control circuit 24 also has a characteristic circuit 40 which comprises two inputs 42 and two further outputs 44.
  • One of the inputs 42 and one of the outputs 44 are formed by means of the same physical connection and are routed to ground 34.
  • This input 42 of the characteristic circuit 40 is thus also electrically contacted with one of the outputs 36 of the current sensor 26.
  • the other input 42 of the characteristic circuit 40 is electrically contacted with the other output 36 of the current sensor 26.
  • the other output 44 of the characteristic circuit 40 is routed to one of a total of two inputs 46 of a comparator circuit 48 which includes a comparator not shown in detail.
  • the other input 46 of the comparator circuit 48 is connected to ground 34.
  • the comparator circuit 48 has a reference input 50, which is connected to the DC voltage source 32 leads is.
  • the electrical potential provided by means of the DC voltage source 32 is thus applied as a reference potential to the reference input 50 with respect to ground 34, namely 24 V.
  • the comparator circuit 48 also includes an output 52, with a level only being applied to this when the voltage between the inputs 46 the electrical voltage applied to the comparator circuit 48 is greater than the electrical voltage between the reference input 50 and mass 34.
  • the reference potential is adapted in particular by means of the comparator circuit 48.
  • the output 52 of the comparator circuit 48 is fed to a second Steuerein input 54 of a controllable second switching element 56, which is connected between the first control input 22 and the DC voltage source 32.
  • the second switching element 56 is provided by means of a semiconductor switch, namely a MOSFET.
  • the second switching element 56 thus likewise has two working contacts 20, one of which is formed by means of “drain” and the other by means of “source”. By means of the working contacts 20 it is possible to apply the first control input 22 to the electrical potential provided by means of the DC voltage source 32.
  • the setting of the working contacts 20 of the second switching element 56 takes place here of the second control input 54, which is formed by means of “Ga te”.
  • the second switching element 56 is therefore actuated as a function of a further electrical voltage 58 (FIG. 2) present between the further outputs 44 of the characteristic circuit 40.
  • the further outputs 44 of the characteristic circuit 40 are connected to the inputs 50 of the comparator circuit 48, the output 52 of which is fed to the second control input 54.
  • the output 52 only has a level when the further electrical voltage 58 is greater than the electrical voltage provided by means of the DC voltage source 32, which thus forms a reference potential.
  • the characteristic circuit 40 and the other components of the control circuit 24 are created by means of analog components, and by means of the microcontroller-free characteristic circuit 40 there is a functional relationship between the further electrical voltage 58 that is applied to the outputs 42 of the characteristic circuit 40.
  • FIG. 2 shows a first embodiment of the characteristic circuit 40 with the two inputs 42, between which the electrical voltage 38 is applied during operation. Between the further outputs 44 of the characteristic curve device 40, the further electrical voltage 58 is present during operation. One of the inputs 42 of the characteristic circuit 40 is routed to one of the further outputs 44 of the characteristic circuit 40 by means of a trigger path 60. The remaining input 42 and the remaining output 44 of the characteristic circuit 40 are electrically connected to ground 34 and thus contacted directly with one another.
  • the trigger path 60 has a first resistor 62 which is connected between the input 42 of the characteristic circuit 40 and the further output 44 of the characteristic circuit 40, and thus connects them to one another.
  • the value of the first resistor 62 is 1 kOhm.
  • the first resistor 62 is led to the remaining further output 44 and thus to ground 34 by means of a first capacitance 64.
  • the first capacitance 64 is formed by means of a capacitor and has a value of 3.16 pF.
  • the first resistor 62 is connected to the remaining further output 44 of the characteristic circuit 40 and thus also to ground 34 by means of a second resistor 66.
  • the value of the second resistor 66 is here 51 kOhm.
  • a plurality of characteristic branches 68 are connected in parallel with the first capacitance 64, two of which are shown here.
  • the two further outputs 44 in the characteristic circuit 40 are electrically connected to one another by means of the characteristic branches 68.
  • Each characteristic branch 68 is formed by means of a series circuit from a capacitance 70 and a resistor 72, the capacitance 70 in this example on the side of the first resistor 62 with respect to each other of the respective resistor 72 is located.
  • the characteristic branches 68 are thus constructed in the same way, the value of the capacitance 70 in one of the characteristic branches 68 being equal to 3.16 pF, and the value of the resistor 72 of the same characteristic branch 68 being equal to 1.049 kOhm.
  • the value of the capacitance 70 in a further of the characteristic branches 68 is equal to 4.64 pF, and the value of the resistor 72 of this characteristic branch 68 is equal to 4.319 kOhm.
  • the value of the capacitance 70 in another of the characteristic branches 68 is equal to 8.25 pF, and the value of the resistor 72 of this characteristic branch 68 is equal to 475.4 ohms.
  • the first capacitance 64 is charged during operation, the further electrical voltage 58 being set at the first capacitance 64. If the electrical voltage 38 has fluctuations, these are partially smoothed due to the first resistor 72, which acts as a low-pass filter, as well as the first capacitance 64 and the characteristic branches 68. If there is a comparatively large change in the electrical voltage 38 within a specific time window, the first capacitor 64 and the capacitors 70 can be charged comparatively quickly, so that the further electrical voltage 58 also changes.
  • the triggering path 60 acts as a low pass of the nth order, where n is the number of characteristic branches 68 plus “1”. So n is equal to the number of capacitances 64, 70 of the triggering path 60, and a transfer function is formed by means of this.
  • the electrical voltage applied to the inputs 64 of the comparator circuit 48 changes, which voltage is thus greater than the electrical voltage formed between the reference input 50 and the ground 34.
  • the second switching element 56 is activated and thus the first switching element 18 is opened, so that the electrical current flow via the main current path 16 is interrupted.
  • the selection of the individual values for the electrical components of the characteristic curve circuit 40 ensures that given certain changes in the electrical voltage 38 that lead to changes in the electrical current through the main Current path 16 correspond, triggering of the first switching element 18 also takes place within a specific time window.
  • a characteristic curve 73 provided by means of the characteristic circuit 40 is shown, the tripping time of the circuit breaker 14 in milliseconds against the tripping current, i.e. the electrical current carried by the main current path 16 as a multiple of the rated current, in this case 30 A, is plotted .
  • the comparator circuit 48 ensures that tripping only occurs from a constant 1.8 times the rated current. A suitable adaptation of the reference potential takes place for this.
  • a first switching point 73a, a second switching point 73b, a third switching point 73c and a fourth switching point 73d result from the first capacitance 64 and the first resistor 62 as well as from the three characteristic branches 68.
  • the first switching point 73a corresponds to the increase in the electric current carried by the main current path 16 to over twice the nominal current in 50 ms
  • the second switching point 73b corresponds to the increase in the electric current carried by the main current path 16 to over three times the nominal current in 15 ms
  • the third switching point 73c corresponds to the increase in the electrical current carried by the main current path 16 to over five times the rated current in 5 ms
  • the fourth switching point 73d corresponds to the increase in the electrical current carried by the main current path 16 to over ten times the rated current in FIG ms.
  • FIG. 4 a further embodiment of the characteristic circuit 40 is shown, the triggering path 60 also being present here between one of the inputs 42 and one of the further outputs 44.
  • the remaining input 42 of the characteristic circuit 40 as well as the remaining further output 44 of the characteristic circuit 40 is in turn connected to ground 34.
  • the first resistor 62 and first capacitance 64 are present.
  • the first capacitance 64 is bridged by means of a third resistor 74, which is thus connected in parallel to the first capacitance 64.
  • the trigger path 60 has two diodes 76, the first resistor 62 being located between the two diodes 76.
  • an electrical parallel connection of the two diodes 76 and the first resistor 62 is formed between the input 42 of the characteristic circuit 40 and the further output 44 of the characteristic circuit 40.
  • One of the diodes 76 is thus connected between the first resistor 62 and the input 42 of the characteristic circuit 40 and the remaining diode 76 between the further output 44 of the characteristic circuit 40 and both the first resistor 62 and the first capacitance 64.
  • a current flow from the input 42 of the characteristic circuit 40 to the further output 44 of the characteristic circuit 40 is possible due to the diodes 76, but not vice versa.
  • a further trigger path 78 is electrically connected in parallel, which is similar to the trigger path 60 and thus also the diodes 76, the first resistor 62 and the first capacitance 64 and the third resistor 74 had. Their interconnection is also the same. However, the values of the first resistor 62, the third resistor 74 and the first capacitance 64 differ. The diodes 76 are always the same or different. In a further alternative, several such further triggering paths 78 are present, the values of the first and third resistors 62, 74 and of the first capacitance 64 differing.
  • the circuit breaker 14 serves to protect the direct current system 2 or a direct current intermediate circuit, which is, for example, a direct current high-voltage system with limited continuous short-circuit power. This is the case in particular because of the converter 4.
  • the direct current system 2 is, for example, a component of a motor vehicle, in particular an electric vehicle, a charging station, a telecommunications or data center infrastructure.
  • the first switching element 18 is, for example, a remotely triggered switching element, such as a mechanical relay, a semiconductor relay, a hybrid relay or a semiconductor switch.
  • the electrical current carried by means of the main current path 16 is detected by means of the current sensor 26, which has galvanic separation and by means of which the electrical current of the main current path 16 is mapped to the electrical voltage 38 in an approximately linear manner.
  • the sensor 26 is designed in such a way that it can detect / measure, in particular, several times the nominal current of the direct current system 2 for several milliseconds without damage occurring. It is also possible to measure any current peaks.
  • the evaluation circuit 30 of the Stromsen sensor 26 for example, a scaling and / or removal of any offset occurs.
  • a predetermined current / time characteristic is mapped by purely analog components by means of the characteristic circuit 40.
  • Characteristic circuit 40 is an analog circuit and is created using only passive components.
  • a parallel arrangement of serial RC combinations that is to say the characteristic branches 68, is present.
  • a series resistor namely the first resistor 62
  • a discharge resistor namely the second resistor 76
  • a characteristic point that is to say a switching point at which the first switching element 18 is actuated when exceeded, is provided by means of the first resistor 62 and the first capacitance 64. The other points of the characteristic curve are set by means of the characteristic branches 68. After the first switching element 18 has been switched off, the capacitances 64, 70 are discharged by means of the second resistor 66, which has a high resistance.
  • one of the first capacitances 64 is charged via the respective first resistor 62 at each characteristic point, ie per switching point.
  • Each first capacitance 64 is discharged via the associated third resistor 74. It is thus a two-port T arrangement.
  • the tripping paths 60, 78 are decoupled by means of the diodes 76.
  • the second switching element 46 is actuated, i.e. the triggering circuit 24 is triggered.
  • the second switching element 56 is designed as a semiconductor switch, so that a reaction time is reduced. As a result, the first switching element 18 is actuated, where there is only a comparatively small time delay.
  • the circuit breaker 14 comprises a further sensor system, by means of which other types of faults in the direct current system 2, for example arcing faults, can be detected.
  • the further sensor system is in particular also directed towards the first control input 22, so that the first switching element 18 can also be triggered by means of the sensor system.
  • the invention is not restricted to the exemplary embodiments described above. Rather, other variants of the invention can also be derived from this by the person skilled in the art without departing from the subject matter of the invention. In particular, all of the individual features described in connection with the individual exemplary embodiments can also be combined with one another in other ways without departing from the subject matter of the invention.

Landscapes

  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Breakers (AREA)
  • Keying Circuit Devices (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un disjoncteur (14) ayant un chemin de courant principal (16), qui comprend un premier élément de coupure (18) commandable avec une première entrée de commande (22) qui est amenée à un second élément de coupure (56) commandable d'un circuit de commande (24). Le circuit de commande (24) comprend un capteur de courant (26) couplé au chemin de courant principal (16) et pourvu de deux sorties (36), une tension électrique (38) présente entre les sorties (36) dépend d'un courant électrique amené au moyen du chemin de courant principal (16). Chacune des sorties (36) est amenée respectivement à une entrée (42) d'un circuit de caractéristique (40) sans microcontrôleur ayant deux autres sorties (44), et le second élément de coupure (56) est actionné en fonction d'une autre tension électrique (58) présente entre les autres sorties (44), l'autre tension électrique (58) et la tension électrique (38) présentant une relation fonctionnelle entre elles.
EP20720002.3A 2019-05-02 2020-04-16 Disjoncteur Pending EP3942663A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102019206267.9A DE102019206267B3 (de) 2019-05-02 2019-05-02 Schutzschalter
PCT/EP2020/060668 WO2020221590A1 (fr) 2019-05-02 2020-04-16 Disjoncteur

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3942663A1 true EP3942663A1 (fr) 2022-01-26

Family

ID=70295127

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20720002.3A Pending EP3942663A1 (fr) 2019-05-02 2020-04-16 Disjoncteur

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US20220060012A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP3942663A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP7326474B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR20220004718A (fr)
CN (1) CN113767535B (fr)
DE (1) DE102019206267B3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2020221590A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102021123969A1 (de) 2021-09-16 2023-03-16 Man Truck & Bus Se Schalt- und Schutzvorrichtung für ein Hochvolt-Bordnetz

Family Cites Families (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2920242A (en) * 1957-12-05 1960-01-05 Gen Electric Electric circuit
US3262017A (en) * 1962-11-01 1966-07-19 Allis Chalmers Mfg Co Static overcurrent tripping device
US3319127A (en) * 1964-10-12 1967-05-09 Ite Circuit Breaker Ltd Static overcurrent relay
ZA739582B (en) * 1973-01-30 1974-11-27 Westinghouse Electric Corp Circuit interrupter circuit including improved control
US3894244A (en) * 1973-10-03 1975-07-08 Ross K Hill Power limit and control system
US4250532A (en) * 1979-02-12 1981-02-10 Gould Inc. Electronic overcurrent detection and tripping circuit
FR2595514B1 (fr) * 1986-03-04 1989-06-09 Serd Soc Et Realisa Disjonct Module de disjonction
US6262871B1 (en) * 1998-05-28 2001-07-17 X-L Synergy, Llc Fail safe fault interrupter
CA2295286A1 (fr) * 2000-01-10 2001-07-10 Delta Electronics Inc. Dispositif simplifie de disjonction, s'il y a courant de fuite, et de protection de surintensite
US6624994B1 (en) * 2001-11-09 2003-09-23 National Semiconductor Corporation Apparatus and method for over-current protection of an analog switch
GB2389251B (en) * 2002-05-31 2005-09-07 Hitachi Ltd A communication semiconductor integrated circuit, a wireless communication apparatus, and a loop gain calibration method
US7002331B2 (en) * 2004-01-13 2006-02-21 Delta Electronics, Inc. Modular power supply system including a power status signal generator to perform fast sag detection to input peak voltage
JP4263685B2 (ja) * 2004-04-08 2009-05-13 矢崎総業株式会社 保護回路
WO2008004538A1 (fr) 2006-07-03 2008-01-10 Pioneer Corporation Procédé et dispositif de navigation, programme de navigation et support de stockage
JP4538047B2 (ja) * 2007-12-25 2010-09-08 三菱電機株式会社 電力用素子の故障検出装置
CN101414747B (zh) * 2008-11-20 2010-12-01 宁波力达物流设备有限公司 直流有刷电机的过流保护装置
US8422184B2 (en) * 2010-03-19 2013-04-16 National Taiwan University Of Science And Technology Overcurrent relay
KR101983134B1 (ko) * 2012-12-20 2019-05-28 삼성전기주식회사 인버터 보호 장치
CN203251070U (zh) * 2013-03-19 2013-10-23 陈淑玲 电路保护装置
DE102013106739A1 (de) 2013-06-27 2014-12-31 Pilz Gmbh & Co. Kg Sicherheitsschaltvorrichtung mit fehlersicheren Eingängen
EP3051643B1 (fr) 2015-01-30 2017-09-06 General Electric Technology GmbH Disjoncteur à courant continu avec compteur de génération de courant
CN105680411B (zh) * 2016-03-29 2018-04-06 中国人民解放军海军工程大学 直流固态断路器及断路控制方法
JP7076430B2 (ja) 2016-05-07 2022-05-27 インテレソル，エルエルシー ソリッドステート配線不良回路遮断器
CN106058797B (zh) * 2016-07-05 2020-02-28 徐云松 一种抗短路电子开关
DE102016216331B3 (de) 2016-08-30 2018-01-18 Ellenberger & Poensgen Gmbh Trennvorrichtung zur Stromunterbrechung, Schutzschalter mit einem Sensor und einer Trennvorrichtung sowie Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Trennvorrichtung
US11296507B2 (en) * 2017-07-07 2022-04-05 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Smart dim fuse: electrical load flexibility controller using sub-circuit voltage modulation and load sensing

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2020221590A1 (fr) 2020-11-05
JP7326474B2 (ja) 2023-08-15
JP2022530684A (ja) 2022-06-30
CN113767535A (zh) 2021-12-07
US20220060012A1 (en) 2022-02-24
CN113767535B (zh) 2024-05-10
DE102019206267B3 (de) 2020-09-10
KR20220004718A (ko) 2022-01-11

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
DE102016216331B3 (de) Trennvorrichtung zur Stromunterbrechung, Schutzschalter mit einem Sensor und einer Trennvorrichtung sowie Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Trennvorrichtung
DE102015121568A1 (de) System und verfahren für eine kontaktmessschaltung
EP3669432B1 (fr) Appareil de coupure pour réseau de distribution électrique
EP3429885B1 (fr) Dispositif de protection cc contre les surintensités de courant
DE102015107718B4 (de) Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Absichern einer Bordnetz-Komponente eines Fahrzeug-Bordnetzes
DE102019202163A1 (de) Schutzvorrichtung und Verfahren zum Abschalten zumindest einer Batteriezelle in einem Batteriesystem im Falle eines elektrischen Kurzschlusses sowie Kraftfahrzeug, Batteriesystem und Batteriezelle mit der Schutzvorrichtung
DE102019008833A1 (de) Schutzvorrichtung für ein elektrisches Gleichstromnetz, Bordnetz für ein Fahrzeug, Fahrzeug und Gleichstromladestation
EP2629107B1 (fr) Dispositif de mesure de résistance
EP3754346A1 (fr) Dispositif de détection, dispositif de commutation, système d'alimentation électrique, procédé de détection et procédé
EP2942851B1 (fr) Procédé de surveillance de la puissance d'un consommateur électrique
EP3748794A1 (fr) Protection électronique pour une alimentation électrique
EP2768103A1 (fr) Protection électrique contre les surintensités sans alimentation électrique externe
DE102015000576A1 (de) Kraftfahrzeug mit Schaltvorrichtung für eine bordnetzbetriebene Komponente
EP3942663A1 (fr) Disjoncteur
WO2010046247A1 (fr) Circuit de protection et appareil de mesure doté d'un tel circuit de protection
DE102021003884A1 (de) Schutzvorrichtung für ein elektrisches Gleichstromnetz
DE102020206253B3 (de) Überspannungsschutz
WO2018172295A1 (fr) Protection contre les surtensions
WO2022152518A1 (fr) Système électrique de véhicule ayant une branche haute tension, une branche basse tension et une détection de défaut d'isolation côté basse tension
DE102009018612A1 (de) Auslöseelement für ein Kraftfahrzeugbordnetz
DE102020206250B3 (de) Überspannungsschutz
EP3935705B1 (fr) Procédé pour détecter un courant survenant en raison d'un défaut
EP3602774A1 (fr) Démarreur progressif à capacité de diagnostic, procédé de diagnostic et ensemble moteur
DE102023203236B3 (de) Ansteuerschaltung für einen Hybridschalter und Hybridschalter
EP3553806B1 (fr) Dispositif de génération d'une impulsion de tension

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: UNKNOWN

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION HAS BEEN MADE

PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20211019

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

DAV Request for validation of the european patent (deleted)
DAX Request for extension of the european patent (deleted)