EP3942277A1 - Laminography in-situ mechanical loading device - Google Patents
Laminography in-situ mechanical loading deviceInfo
- Publication number
- EP3942277A1 EP3942277A1 EP20711769.8A EP20711769A EP3942277A1 EP 3942277 A1 EP3942277 A1 EP 3942277A1 EP 20711769 A EP20711769 A EP 20711769A EP 3942277 A1 EP3942277 A1 EP 3942277A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sample
- cavity
- support
- zone
- housing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 title claims description 19
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 58
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000003351 stiffener Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 284
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 18
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 18
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 12
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000014616 translation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004308 accommodation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003100 immobilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/04—Chucks
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
- G01N3/068—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means with optical indicating or recording means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/0003—Steady
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0032—Generation of the force using mechanical means
- G01N2203/0037—Generation of the force using mechanical means involving a rotating movement, e.g. gearing, cam, eccentric, or centrifuge effects
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/006—Crack, flaws, fracture or rupture
- G01N2203/0062—Crack or flaws
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/026—Specifications of the specimen
- G01N2203/0262—Shape of the specimen
- G01N2203/027—Specimens with holes or notches
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/026—Specifications of the specimen
- G01N2203/0262—Shape of the specimen
- G01N2203/0278—Thin specimens
- G01N2203/0282—Two dimensional, e.g. tapes, webs, sheets, strips, disks or membranes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/04—Chucks, fixtures, jaws, holders or anvils
- G01N2203/0405—Features allowing alignment between specimen and chucks
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/0641—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means using optical, X-ray, ultraviolet, infrared or similar detectors
Definitions
- TITLE mechanical loading device in situ in laminography
- the present invention relates to the field of mechanical tests and more precisely targets mechanical tests carried out on parts of macroscopic sizes previously machined and ready for use.
- the present invention relates to a device for carrying out tensile and / or cracking and / or compression and / or bending tests on such samples.
- the present invention aims to analyze the structural modifications of a sample by imaging, at the nanometric scale and under mechanical loading, i.e. in situ. Imaging aims to provide information on the microstructure of the sample studied in terms of mechanisms of deformation, damage and rupture.
- the invention relates in particular to a device for mechanical loading in situ in nanolaminography for the initiation and propagation of a crack under monotonic loading.
- Supports for imaging are known in the state of the prior art which do not allow mechanical tests to be carried out concomitantly with the imaging step consisting in analyzing the microstructure of the sample.
- the supports of the state of the art require carrying out mechanical tests prior to imaging the sample.
- the supports of the state of the art also do not make it possible to carry out structural characterizations of sample volumes at the nanometric scale.
- the state-of-the-art supports aim to image large volumes of samples.
- the supports of the state of the art do not make it possible to analyze samples whose size is of the order of or greater than ten centimeters in situ and with nanometric resolution.
- An aim of the invention is in particular to:
- the cavity includes:
- a first zone arranged to receive a first portion of a sample complementary to the first zone of the cavity, said first zone comprising means for holding the sample
- the first and second areas of the cavity are contiguous and arranged to accommodate the first and second portions of a single piece sample.
- a means, called mechanical loading comprising a transfer element arranged to be set in motion in the second zone of the cavity so as to:
- the support according to the invention aims to be placed on the path of an X-ray beam.
- This X-ray beam comes from an X-ray source which, depending on the case, may be that of a device. imaging, for example a laminograph, or may be from a beamline of a synchrotron.
- the support according to the invention can be used within X-ray imaging devices to analyze modifications of the microstructure of a sample by imaging, at the nanometric scale and under mechanical loading, ie in situ. It is understood by in situ, the fact that the imaging is done when the sample is mechanically loaded.
- the sample may not be handled during the analysis process, that is, the sample may not be removed from the holder and the holder may not be moved.
- the first and second zones of the little wind cavity have different shapes from one another.
- the support according to the invention is preferably a support for in situ mechanical tests in laminography.
- the cavity may be between two flat faces of the support separated by a distance constituting a thickness of the cavity, said cavity having the shape of a slot extending along a plane.
- the cavity is at least partly comprised between the two flat faces of the support, said two flat faces of the support being separated by a distance constituting a thickness of the cavity, said cavity having the shape of a slot extending along a plan.
- the thickness of the cavity may vary along the plane along which the slot extends.
- the transfer member may be arranged to exert a force in a direction extending from the first to the second zone of the cavity.
- the transfer element is set in motion only in the second zone of the cavity.
- the mechanical loading means may be arranged to convert a rotational movement into a translational movement, preferably in a direction extending from the first to the second zone of the cavity.
- the second zone of the cavity may comprise a part forming a lever, called a lever part, arranged so that the transfer member exerts a force in said lever part of the second zone of the cavity.
- the second zone of the cavity may comprise a guide arranged to force the transfer element to move along said guide according to a translational movement in the plane in which the cavity extends.
- the guide can be defined as forming part of the cavity.
- the thickness of the cavity can be defined as being the distance separating the two flat faces of the support.
- the thickness of the cavity can be defined as not being the distance separating the walls of the guide between which the cavity extends.
- the holding means can be arranged to immobilize the first portion of the sample in the support, preferably in the cavity, more preferably in the first zone of the cavity.
- the holding means can be arranged to embed or clamp, when a sample is placed in the cavity, the first portion of the sample so as to immobilize the first portion of the sample in the first zone of the cavity.
- the holding means may comprise a housing, designed to receive a projecting part of the first portion of the sample, complementary to the housing.
- the first zone of the cavity may include a shoulder which is contiguous with the housing of the cavity and which extends from the first zone towards the second zone of the cavity.
- the first zone of the cavity may comprise a wall, called a main wall, located opposite the shoulder.
- Support may include:
- the accommodation of the first zone of the cavity may include:
- the bottom wall of the housing of the first zone and the first and second side walls of the housing of the support being arranged so as to have a U-shape.
- the lever portion may project from a plane comprising the bottom wall of the housing of the first zone of the cavity in a direction connecting the retaining wall to the housing.
- the support may comprise at least one stiffener arranged to increase a resistance of the support to buckling, said at least one stiffener extending along:
- the mechanical loading means may comprise a screw arranged to be screwed into the holder, and the transfer member may be arranged to cooperate with a head of the screw so that, when a sample is placed in the cavity, transfer the sample. force exerted during the rotation of the screw from the screw head towards the second portion of the sample.
- the screw can be arranged to move, by being rotated, along a border of the first zone of the cavity.
- the areas or parts or volumes of the support are volumes of spaces formed by walls which delimit them.
- These volumes of spaces in particular those of the support, as defined according to the invention, can be defined as comprising the walls which delimit them.
- a space volume which is delimited by walls, for example a space volume of the support, in particular of the cavity, such as for example the housing or the holding means, can constitute a means maintaining when its shape is complementary to the shape of a part of the sample which is intended to be introduced or placed or disposed or positioned in the volume of space in question.
- the housing of the holding means which is preferably complementary to the projecting part of the first portion of the sample
- the invention also relates to:
- the support according to the invention is a support for mechanical tests and / or for mechanical loadings in situ in laminography, preferably in nanolaminography.
- an assembly comprising the support according to the invention and a sample in the cavity of the support, the assembly comprising a stress and deformation concentrator stored in the sample so as to position the given region of the sample in which the stresses and strains are generated.
- an X-ray imaging device comprising:
- At least one detector designed to detect X-rays transmitted and / or diffracted and / or scattered through the given region of the sample in which the stresses and deformations are generated.
- an X-ray imaging device comprising:
- At least one detector designed to detect X-rays transmitted and / or diffracted and / or scattered through the given region of the sample in which the stresses and deformations are generated.
- a method for X-ray analysis of a sample comprising a step consisting in providing a support for mechanical tests according to the invention in an X-ray imaging device.
- the method for X-ray analysis of a sample may include a step consisting in performing, by means of the X-ray imaging device, measurements on the sample.
- the X-ray imaging device is a laminography analysis device.
- the measurements performed on the sample consist in imaging a volume of the sample.
- the method for X-ray analysis of a sample may comprise a step consisting in applying a mechanical load, by means of the support for mechanical tests according to the invention, to the sample.
- the step of applying the mechanical load can be carried out concomitantly or subsequently to the step consisting in performing X-ray measurements on the sample.
- the step of applying the mechanical load is carried out without removing or moving the sample:
- the X-ray source possibly being an X-ray source of the imaging device.
- a first zone arranged to receive a first portion of the sample complementary to the first zone of the cavity, said first zone comprising means for holding the sample
- the method according to the invention also comprises the step of exerting a mechanical force generating stresses and strains in a given region of the sample by means of a means, called mechanical loading, comprising an element of transfer arranged to be set in motion in the second zone of the cavity.
- the method for the X-ray analysis of a sample under mechanical loads is a method for the X-ray analysis in laminography of a sample under mechanical loads in situ.
- the step of exerting a mechanical force generating stresses and strains in the given region of the sample may consist of, when a sample is placed in the cavity of the sample holder, exerting a mechanical force on the second portion of the sample.
- the method may comprise a step consisting in providing two flat faces to the support between which the cavity is included, said two flat faces of the support being separated by a distance constituting a thickness of the cavity, said cavity having the shape of an extending slot. according to a plan.
- the method may preferably comprise a step consisting in providing two plane faces to the support between which is included at least partly the cavity, said two flat faces of the support being separated by a distance constituting a thickness of the cavity, said cavity having the shape of a slot extending along a plane.
- the method may include a step of exerting a force, by means of the transfer element, in a direction extending from the first to the second zone of the cavity.
- the method may comprise a step consisting in converting, via the mechanical loading means, a rotational movement into a translational movement in the direction extending from the first to the second zone of the cavity.
- the method may include a step of providing a lever portion, referred to as a lever portion, to the second region of the cavity so that the transfer member exerts a force in said lever portion of the second region of the cavity.
- the lever part may project from a plane comprising the bottom wall of the housing of the first zone of the cavity in a direction connecting the retaining wall to the housing.
- the method may include a step consisting in providing a guide to the cavity so as to force the transfer element to move along said guide according to a translational movement in the plane in which the cavity extends.
- the method may include a step of immobilizing the first portion of the sample in the first area of the cavity.
- the method may include a step consisting in setting or clamping, in the holding means, the first portion of the sample so as to immobilize the first portion of the sample in the first area of the cavity.
- the method may include a step consisting in providing a housing for the support holding means so as to embed or clamp the first portion of the sample in the support holding means so as to immobilize the first portion of the sample in the first area of the cavity.
- a protruding part of the first portion of the sample may be complementary to the housing.
- the method may include a step of providing a shoulder to the first zone of the cavity, the shoulder being contiguous with the housing of the cavity and extending from the first zone to the second zone of the cavity.
- the method may comprise a step consisting in providing a wall, called a retaining wall, to the first zone of the cavity, said retaining wall being located opposite the shoulder.
- the retaining wall can extend from the housing of the first zone of the cavity to the retaining wall.
- the method may include a step of providing an opening to the support, said opening extending from the shoulder to the retaining wall and connecting the first and second areas of the cavity.
- the method may include a step consisting in providing:
- the method may include a step of providing at least one stiffener to the support so as to increase a resistance of the support to buckling, said at least one stiffener extending along:
- the method may include a step of providing a screw to the mechanical loading means, said screw being screwed into the holder so that the transfer member cooperates with a head of the screw so that when a sample is placed in cavity, transfer the force exerted during the rotation of the screw from the head of the screw to the second portion of the sample.
- the method may include a step of exerting, via the screw, a force in a direction extending along the first zone of the cavity.
- the method may include a step consisting in providing a stress and strain concentrator in the sample so as to position the given region of the sample in which the stresses and strains are generated.
- the process may include:
- the method may include a step consisting in providing a support for mechanical testing according to the invention.
- the method may comprise a step consisting in providing a set according to the invention.
- Figure 1 is a sectional view of one of the two separable parts of the support according to the invention.
- FIG. 2 is an exploded view at an angle of the assembly according to the invention
- FIG. 3 is an angled view of the assembly according to the invention
- Figures 4a and 4b respectively illustrate a sectional view of the screw according to the invention and a side view of the screw according to the invention
- Figures 5a, 5b and 5c respectively illustrate a section of a side view of the transfer element according to the invention, a section of a top view of the transfer element according to the invention and a biased view of the transfer element according to the invention.
- variants of the invention comprising only a selection of characteristics described, isolated from the other characteristics described (even if this selection is isolated within a sentence. including these other characteristics), if this selection of characteristics is sufficient to confer a technical advantage or to differentiate the invention from the state of the prior art.
- This selection comprises at least one characteristic, preferably functional without structural details, or with only part of the structural details if this part only is sufficient to confer a technical advantage or to differentiate the invention from the state of the prior art. .
- a support for mechanical tests comprising a cavity 10.
- the cavity 10 comprises a first zone 101 arranged to receive a first portion 31 of a complementary sample 3. of the first zone 101 of the cavity 10.
- the first zone 101 comprises holding means 14, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21 of the sample 3.
- the holding means 14, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21 have a complementary geometry of the first portion 31 of the sample 3.
- the support comprises a second zone 102 arranged to receive a second portion 32 of the sample 3.
- the first 101 and second 102 zones of the cavity 10 are contiguous and arranged to receive the first 31 and second 32 portions of sample 3 which is in one piece.
- the support comprises a mechanical loading means 1, 2 comprising a transfer element 2 arranged to be set in motion in the second zone 102 of the cavity 10 so as to exert a mechanical force in said second zone 102 of the cavity 10.
- the transfer element 2 exerts a force in a direction extending from the first 101 zone of the cavity 10 towards the second 102 zone of the cavity 10.
- the element transfer 2 exerts a force in a direction extending from the first portion 31 to the second portion 32 of the sample 3.
- the mechanical force exerted by the mechanical loading means 1, 2 is greater than one hundred Newtons. In practice, the force exerted is of the order of 500N.
- the transfer element 2 When the sample 3 is placed in the cavity 10, the transfer element 2 exerts a mechanical force on the second portion 32 of the sample 3 generating stresses and deformations in a given region 24 of the sample 3. According to In the embodiment, as clearly illustrated in Figures 1 to 3, the transfer element 2 is arranged to be set in motion only in the second zone 102 of the cavity 10.
- the support is designed to carry out tensile and / or cracking and / or compression and / or bending tests on sample 3.
- the support according to the invention allows, when a sample 3 is inserted into the support, to image, during mechanical tests, the structural modifications of sample 3 generated by the mechanical stresses to which sample 3 is subjected.
- Structural modifications are therefore monitored in situ.
- the support has a size so that it can accommodate samples 3 whose dimensions in the plane in which the cavity 10 extends are of the order of or greater than ten hundred meters.
- the support according to the invention is intended to be placed on the path of an X-ray beam.
- This X-ray beam comes from an X-ray source which, depending on the case, may be that of a device. imaging, for example a laminograph, or can be taken from a beamline of a synchrotron.
- the support comprises two separable parts 28, 29.
- Each of the separable parts 28, 29 comprises one of the two flat faces 26 of the support.
- a part 29 among the two separable parts 28, 29 of the support comprises a block 30 extending beyond the plane of the cavity 10 on the side of the other separable part 28.
- the two separable parts 28, 29 are arranged to be separated so as to allow the loading of sample 3 in the support.
- the two flat surfaces 26 of the support are arranged to prevent buckling of the sample 3.
- a part, called the clamped part, of the cavity 10 consists of the first and second zones 101, 102 of the cavity 10 with the exception of the housing 14 of the first zone 101.
- the clamped part of the cavity 10 of the support is included between two flat faces 26 of the support separated by a distance constituting, which is defined according to the invention as, the thickness 27 of the cavity 10.
- the cavity 10 has the shape of a slot 10 extending along a plane.
- the sample 3 has the shape of a plate complementary to that of the enclosed part of the cavity 10. In the following description of the embodiments, it is understood by the thickness of the slot 10 or of the cavity 10, l 'thickness of the part of the slot 10 constituting the enclosed part of the cavity 10.
- the slot 10 has a thickness 27 slightly greater than that of the sample 3 so that the sample 3 easily fits into the slot and that it is prevented from blazing.
- a mechanical clearance between 0.1 and 3%, preferably between 0.5 and 2%, more preferably between 1 and 2%, of the thickness of the slit 10 is provided between the slit 10 and the sample 3.
- the ratio between the dimension of l 'sample 3 in the plane along which the cavity 10 extends and the thickness of the sample 3 is greater than or equal to a factor 10.
- the thickness 27 of the cavity 10 is less at 1 mm, it is equal to 700 ⁇ m according to the embodiment.
- the thickness of the sample 3, and therefore the thickness of the cavity 10 be sufficiently small, typically less than 2 mm, preferably less than 1 mm, for the measurements in (nano) laminography can be made on many materials.
- a cavity with a thickness greater than 2 mm would not be suitable and would not allow (nano) laminography measurements to be carried out for any type of material.
- the thickness 27 of the cavity 10 is designed to be greater by a few micrometers, preferably of the order of 10 micrometers, than that of the sample 3.
- the dimension of the sample 3 in the plane along which extends the cavity 10 is of the order of a few centimeters to a few tens of centimeters.
- Sample 3 has a macroscopic size and its thickness is less than the dimensions of sample 3 in the plane along which the cavity 10 extends.
- the thickness of sample 3 is at least less than a factor of ten to the dimensions of sample 3 in the plane along which the cavity 10 extends.
- the small thickness 27 of the cavity 10 contributes to achieving the objective of imaging a volume of the order of a hundred cubic meters of sample 3 and consequently of characterizing the microstructural modifications of the sample 3, in the order of one hundred cubic nanometers, generated by the mechanical stresses to which sample 3 is subjected.
- the cavity 10 according to the invention, as well as the individual characteristics attached to it, also contribute to achieving the objective consisting in reproducing in real conditions the stresses to which the sample 3 will be subjected in conditions of use and of imaging samples 3 whose dimensions in the plane in which the cavity 10 extends are of the order of or greater than ten centimeters.
- the cavity 10 comprises the clamped part and the lever part 13 of the second zone 102 of the cavity 10.
- the clamped part of the cavity 10 comprises the first zone 101 of the cavity 10 and a part, called part enclosed, of the second zone 102 of the cavity 10.
- the thickness of the cavity 10 is defined as being the thickness of the clamped part.
- the second zone also comprises a part, called the non-clamped part, comprising, preferably consists, of the lever part 13 of the second zone 102 of the cavity 10.
- the clamped part of the second zone 102 of the cavity 10 comprises therefore, preferably consists of, the second zone 102 of the cavity 10 with the exception of the lever part 13 of the second zone 102 of the cavity 10.
- the thickness of the non-clamped part of the cavity 10, that is to say the lever part 13 is greater than the thickness of the clamped part, that is to say the thickness of the cavity 10.
- the second zone 102 of the cavity 3 comprises a part 13 forming a lever, called the lever part 13, arranged so that the transfer element 2 exerts a force in said lever part 13 of the second zone 102 of the cavity 10.
- the second portion 32 of sample 3 comprises a lever arm 33 complementary to the lever portion 13 of the second zone 102. When the sample 3 is placed in the cavity 10, the transfer element 2 exerts a force on the lever arm 33 of the second portion 32 of the sample 3.
- the lever part 13, as well as the lever arm 33, according to the invention, contribute to achieving the objective consisting in imaging continuously and in real time, the structural modifications of the sample 3 generated by the mechanical constraints to which sample 3 is submitted. Structural modifications are therefore monitored in situ. Furthermore, it is also possible to carry out kinematic analyzes and / or to follow the damage kinetics of sample 3.
- the holding means 14, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21 of the support comprise a housing 14, arranged to receive a protruding part 15 of the first portion 31 of the sample 3 which is complementary to the housing 14.
- the housing 14 is arranged to receive the protruding part 15 of the first portion 31 of the sample 3.
- the holding means 14, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21 are arranged to immobilize the first portion 31 the sample 3 in the support.
- the holding means 14, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21 are arranged to embed or grip, when a sample 3 is placed in the cavity 10, the first portion 31 of the sample 3 so as to immobilize the first portion 31 of sample 3 in the first zone 101 of cavity 10. More precisely, the holding means 14, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21 are arranged to immobilize the first portion 31 of sample 3 in the first zone 101 of the cavity 10 of the support.
- the (nano) structural modifications are therefore monitored in situ, i.e. under mechanical load.
- the walls defining the contour of the second zone 102 of the cavity 10 are arranged so as not to embed or squeeze the sample 3.
- a wall of the second zone 102 of the cavity 10 located opposite the first zone 101 of the cavity 10 is arranged so that a space or a debate separates said wall from the second zone 102 of the cavity 10 from the wall of the second portion 32 of sample 3 which is located opposite.
- the wall of the second zone 102 of the cavity 10 located opposite the first zone 101 of the cavity 10 is also located opposite the wall 18, called the first side wall 18, of the first zone 101 of the cavity 3 and facing a bottom wall 25 of the guide 4.
- the walls defining the contour of the second zone 102 of the cavity 10 are arranged so as not to be in contact with the walls defining the contour of the second portion 32 of the sample 3.
- the generation of stresses and strains requires that the second portion 32 of sample 3 can be moved relative to the first portion 31 of sample 3.
- the second portion 32 of sample 3 can be moved relative to the first portion 31 of sample 3 in a direction extending, at least in part, from the first 101 to the second 102 zone of the cavity 10.
- the space or the displacement separating the wall of the second portion 32 of the sample 3 of the second zone 102 of the cavity 10 allows, when the transfer element 2 exerts a force on the lever arm 33 of the second portion 32 of the sample 3, that the second portion 32 of the sample 3 can be moved relative to the first portion 31 of a sample 3 so that the stresses and strains are generated.
- the first zone 101 of the cavity 10 comprises a shoulder 16 which is contiguous with the housing 14 of the cavity 10 and which extends from the first zone 101 towards the second zone 102 of the cavity 10.
- the shoulder 16 extends from the housing 14 towards the second zone 102 of the support.
- the shoulder 16 is arranged to be brought into direct contact with the first portion 31 of the sample 3.
- the shoulder 16 is arranged to be brought into direct contact with a bottom wall 35 of a housing 36 of the sample. 3.
- the shoulder 16 is in contact with only a part of the bottom wall 35 of the housing 36 of the sample 3 located on the side of the first portion 31 of the sample 3.
- the projecting part 37 of the second portion 32 of sample 3 comprises the lever arm 33 of the second portion 32 of sample 3.
- the first zone 101 of the cavity 10 comprises a so-called retaining wall 17, located opposite the shoulder 16.
- the retaining wall 17 is arranged to be in direct contact with the sample 3 and to maintain the. projecting part 15 of the first portion 31 of the sample 3 in the housing 14 of the support.
- the retaining wall 17 is also arranged to keep the shoulder 16 in direct contact with the first portion 31 of the sample 3.
- the retaining wall 17 is also arranged to keep the shoulder 16 in direct contact with the sample. bottom wall 35 of the housing 36 of the sample 3.
- the retaining wall 17 is also designed to keep the housing 14 of the support in direct contact with the first portion 31 of the sample 3.
- the wall of the support. holder 17 is arranged to hold the projecting part 37 of the second portion 32 of the sample 3 in the lever part 13 of the second zone 102 of the cavity 10.
- the retaining wall 17 is a wall of a spacer 5 designed to be fixed to the support.
- the spacer 5 is designed to be fixed to the rest of the support, in particular to one of, and / or to the separable parts 28, 29 of the support.
- the spacer 5 includes a recess.
- the spacer 5 is removable and arranged to be removed from the support. When the spacer 5 is withdrawn from the support, the sample 3 can be inserted into the cavity 10 through the opening thus formed. When the spacer 5 is fixed to the support, it is arranged to prevent the withdrawal or the insertion of the sample 3 in the slot 10. In this case, the sample 3 can be loaded in the support by dissociating the two. separable parts 28, 29 from the support and / or by removing the spacer 5 from the support.
- the spacer 5 comprises oblong openings 39 arranged to modulate the fixing position of the spacer 5 on the rest of the support by translating the latter in a direction extending along a separation between the first zone 101 of the cavity 10 and the second zone 102 of the cavity 10.
- the oblong openings 39 of the spacer 5 are arranged to allow a translation of the spacer 5 in a direction in which extends the projecting part 15 of the first portion 31 of sample 3.
- the support comprises a wall 18 of the first zone 101 of the cavity 10 extending from the housing 14 of the first zone 101 of the cavity 10 to the retaining wall 17.
- the support comprises an opening 19 extending from the shoulder 16 to the retaining wall 17 and connecting the first 101 and second 102 zones of the cavity 10.
- the housing 14 of the first zone 101 of the cavity 3 comprises the wall 18, called the first side wall 18, extending in a direction connecting the housing 14 to the retaining wall 17.
- the housing 14 also comprises a second side wall 20 located opposite the first side wall 18 of the support.
- the housing 14 also comprises a bottom wall 21 of the housing 14 of the first zone 101 connecting the first 18 and second 20 side walls of the housing 14 of the support.
- the bottom wall 21 of the housing 14 of the first zone 101 and the first 18 and second 20 side walls of the housing 14 of the support are arranged so as to have a U-shape. Consequently, the housing 14 has a U-shape. .
- the first side wall 18 of the housing 14 is in direct contact with an outer wall 151 of the projecting part 15 of the first portion 31 of the sample 3.
- the second side wall 20 of the housing 14 is in direct contact with a first wall 361 of the sample.
- the projecting part 15 of the sample 3 located on the side of the second portion 32 of the sample 3.
- the first side wall 18 of the housing 14 of the support extends along an outer wall 311 of the first portion 31 of sample 3 comprising the outer wall 151 of the projecting part 15 of the sample 3.
- the second side wall 20 of the housing 14 of the support extends in a direction connecting the housing 14 of the support to the retaining wall 17.
- the first 18 and second 20 side walls of the housing 14 of the support extend in a direction perpendicular to a direction connecting the first zone 101 of the support to the second zone 102 of the support.
- the first 18 and the second 20 side walls of the housing 14 of the support extend in a direction perpendicular to a direction connecting the first portion 31 of the sample 3 to the second portion 32 of the sample 3.
- the first side wall 18 of the housing 14 of the support extends beyond a plane along which extends the shoulder 16 of the first zone 101 of the cavity 10.
- the first side wall 18 of the housing 14 of the support s 'extends beyond a plane in which the bottom wall 35 of the housing 36 of the sample 3 extends in the direction connecting the housing 14 of the support to the wall of the sample. maintenance 17.
- the first side wall 18 of the housing 14 of the support takes recesses 181.
- the bottom wall 21 of the housing 14 of the support and the first 18 and second 20 side walls of the housing 14 of the support are in direct contact with the protrusion 15 of the first portion 31 of the sample 3.
- the bottom wall 21 of the housing 14 of the support is arranged to be in direct contact with an end face 331 of the projecting part 15 of the first portion 31 of the sample 3.
- the shape of the first area 101 of the cavity 10 corresponds to the shape of the first portion 31 of the sample 3.
- the shape of the first area 101 of the cavity 10 corresponds to the shape of the first portion 31 of the sample. 3 so that the holding means 14, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21 of the sample 3 immobilize the first portion 31 of the sample 3 in the first zone 101 of the cavity 10.
- the holding means 14 , 16, 17, 18, 20, 21 of sample 3 are in direct contact with the first portion 31 of sample 3 facing the walls of the holding means 14, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21 of sample 3.
- the holding means 14, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21 of sample 3 are in direct contact with at least part of the walls, preferably with each of the walls, of the first portion 31 of sample 3 facing the walls of the retaining means 14, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21 of sample 3.
- the shape of the first zone 101 of the cavity 10 co corresponds to the shape of the first portion 31 of sample 3 and the holding means 14, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21 of sample 3 are in direct contact with the first portion 31 of sample 3 facing the walls of the holding means 14, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21 of the sample 3 so that the holding means 14, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21 of the sample 3 immobilize the first portion 31 of sample 3 in the first zone 101 of cavity 10.
- the shoulder 16 extends from the second side wall 20 of the housing 14 of the support towards the second portion 32 of the sample 3.
- the shoulder 16 extends from the second side wall 20 of the housing 14 of the support. support in a direction connecting the first side wall 18 of the housing 14 of the support to the second side wall 20 of the housing 14 of the support.
- the oblong openings 39 are arranged to allow a tran slation of the spacer 5 in a direction in which the first 18 and second 20 side walls of the housing 14 of the support extend.
- the mechanical loading means 1, 2 is arranged to convert a rotational movement into a translational movement in the direction extending from the first 101 towards the second 102 zone of the cavity 3.
- the mechanical loading means 1, 2 comprises a screw 1 arranged to be rotated in the support.
- the transfer element 2 is arranged to cooperate with a head 22 of the screw 1 so that, when a sample 3 is placed in the cavity 10, transfer the force exerted during the rotation of the screw 1 from the head 22 from the screw 1 to the second portion 32 of the sample 3. More precisely, the force exerted during the rotation of the screw 1 is transferred from the head 22 of the screw 1 to the lever arm 33 of the second portion 32 of sample 3. As shown in Figure 1, the head 22 of the screw
- the transfer element 1 is in direct contact with the transfer element 2.
- the transfer element 2 is in direct contact with the transfer element 2.
- the transfer member 2 is in direct contact with the sample 3, in particular with the second portion 32 of the sample 3.
- the force exerted by the screw 1 on the transfer element 2 is applied in a direction extending from the first wall side 18 of the housing 14 of the support towards the second side wall 20 of the housing 14 of the support.
- the force exerted by the screw 1 on the transfer member 2 is applied in a direction extending from the first portion 31 of the sample 3 to the second portion 32 of the sample 3.
- the transfer member 2 is arranged to transfer the force exerted by the screw 1 on a part of a second side wall 362 of the housing 36 of the sample 3.
- the mechanical loading means 1, 2 contributes to achieving the objective of imaging the (nano) structural modifications of the sample 3 generated by the mechanical stresses to which the sample 3 is subjected.
- the (nano) structural modifications are therefore followed in situ and in the volume.
- the second zone 102 of the cavity comprises a guide 4 arranged to force the transfer element 2 to move along said guide 4 according to a translational movement in the plane along which the cavity 10 extends. 2 protrudes from a bottom wall 25 of the guide 4.
- the separation limit between the first 31 and the second portion 32 of the sample 3 is located on the side of the second zone 102 of the cavity 10 with respect to the plane in which the bottom wall 25 of guide 4 is comprised.
- a threaded hole 40 is formed in the block 30.
- the hole 40 is arranged to cooperate with a thread of the screw 1.
- the axis of revolution of the threaded hole 40 is arranged so as to be included in the plane along which extends. the slot 10.
- the axis of revolution of the tapped hole 40 is arranged so as to be included in the plane located equidistant from the two flat faces 26 of the support and parallel to the two flat faces 26 of the support.
- the axis of revolution of the tapped hole 40 is arranged so as to be included in the median plane of the sample 10, said median plane extending in the direction connecting the first 31 and second 32 portions of the sample 3.
- the screw 1 is set in motion in a direction included in the plane of the slot 10.
- the screw 1 is set in motion in a direction extending from the first zone 101 of the support towards the second zone 102 of the support.
- the screw 1 is set in motion in a single direction extending from the first zone 31 of the support towards the second zone 32 of the support.
- the screw 1 is arranged to exert a force in a direction extending along the first zone 101 of the cavity 10.
- the mechanical loading means 1, 2 are arranged so that the screw 1 moves, and extends, along an axis along the bottom wall 21 of the housing 14 of the cavity 10.
- the second zone 102 of the cavity 10 is arranged to preferably have a shape such that the axis along which the screw 1 moves intersects the lever part 13.
- the second zone 102 of the cavity 10 is arranged to preferably have a shape such that, The axis along which the screw 1 moves intersects the bottom wall 25 of the guide 4.
- the first zone 101 and the second zone 102 of the cavity 10 are arranged relative to one another so that the axis along which is moves screw 1 along the wall of bottom 21 of the housing 14 of the cavity 10 and intersects the lever part 13.
- the first zone 101 and the second zone 102 of the cavity 10 each have a shape, more preferably a shape different from one of the another, such as, the axis along which the screw 1 moves along the bottom wall 21 of the housing 14 of the cavity 10 and intersects the lever part 13.
- the junction between the screw 1 and the transfer element 2 is of the ball joint type.
- the head 22 of the screw 1 is curved and convex and cooperates with a part
- the head 22 of the screw 1 is spherical in shape and is articulated in a spherical recess 41, complementary to the spherical head 22, of the transfer element 2.
- the head 22 of the screw 1 can be set in motion in threaded hole 40 and in guide 4.
- the transfer element 2 comprises a groove 42 arranged so that part of the second portion 32 of the sample 3 is inserted therein.
- the groove 42 of the transfer element 2 is arranged so that the sample 3 is inserted therein on its edge.
- the groove 42 of the transfer element 2 is arranged so that the second side wall 362 of the housing 36 of the sample 3 is inserted therein.
- the first side wall 361 of the housing 36 of the sample 3 is in direct contact with the second side wall 20 of the housing 14 of the support.
- the bottom wall 35 of the housing 36 of the sample 3 connects the first 361 and second 362 side walls of the housing 36 of the sample 3.
- the first side wall 361 of the housing 36 of the sample 3 extends along a direction connecting the shoulder 16 of the support to the bottom wall 21 of the housing 14 of the support.
- the second side wall 362 of the housing 36 of the sample 3 is parallel to the first side wall 361 of the housing 36 of the sample 3.
- the second side wall 362 of the housing 36 of the sample is parallel to the first side wall 361 of the housing 36 of the sample 3.
- sample 3 extends beyond a plane comprising the bottom wall 21 of the housing 14 of the support in the direction connecting the shoulder 16 of the support to the bottom wall 21 of the housing 14 of the support.
- the lever portion 13 of the second zone 102 of the cavity 10 protrudes from the plane comprising the bottom wall 21 of the housing 14 of the first zone 101 of the cavity 10 in a direction connecting the retaining wall 17 to the housing 14.
- the lever part 13 is included in the guide 4 of the cavity 10.
- the lever part 13 extends along a median plane of the guide 4 extending in the direction connecting the first 101 and second 102 zones. cavity 10.
- the separable part 28 and the separable part 29 each form a part of the guide.
- the block 30 of the separable part 29 comprises a notch 43 located beyond the plane in which the slot 10 extends in the direction extending from the separable part 29 of the support towards the other separable part 28 of the support.
- the notch 43 is arranged to cooperate with an extension 45 of a so-called vertical wall 44 of the guide 4 of the separable part 28.
- the vertical wall 44 of the guide 4 extends along a plane parallel to the plane along which extend the first 101 and second zone 102 of the cavity 10.
- a set of through holes 8 are formed along the edge of the support located at the level of the first side wall 18 and at the edge of the support located at the level of the retaining wall 17.
- the through holes 8 formed along the edge of the support located at the level of the retaining wall 17 extend beyond from the retaining wall 17 on the side of the second zone 102 of the cavity 10 to one end of the support.
- Through holes 8 are also formed along the edge of the second zone 102 of the support, the edge of the second zone 102 of the support being located on the opposite side of the support with respect to the edge of the support located at the level of the support.
- the support comprises a through opening 6.
- the opening 6 is arranged so that the given region 24 of the sample 3 in which the stresses and deformations are generated is located in the opening 6.
- each of the two faces 26 of the support comprises a recess 61, 62.
- the recesses 61, 62 of the flat faces 26 of the support form the opening 6 of the support.
- the support comprises a stiffener 38 designed to increase the resistance of the support to buckling.
- the stiffener 18 extending along an edge of the support situated at the level of the first side wall 18 and at the level of an edge of the support situated at the level of the retaining wall 17.
- the stiffener 18 extending at the level of the support wall. at the edge, the retaining wall 17 extends beyond the retaining wall 17 on the side of the second zone 102 of the cavity 10 to one end of the support.
- the stiffener 18 aims to prevent buckling of the support when the mechanical loading means 1, 2 exerts a force on the sample 3.
- the stiffener 38 is arranged in the form of a U-shaped profile 38.
- the stiffener 38 is provided at the level of the parts of the support located at the level of the first side wall 18 and at the level of the edge of the support located at the level of the wall of retention 17.
- a U-shaped semi-profile 381, 382 is provided on each of the outer faces of the two separable parts 28, 29 of the support. When the two separable parts 28, 29 of the support are associated, the two U-shaped semi-profiles 381, 382 constitute the U-shaped profile 38.
- an assembly comprising the support according to the first embodiment and a sample 3.
- Sample 3 is placed in the support.
- the assembly comprises a stress and strain concentrator 23 formed in sample 3 so as to position the given region 24 of sample 3 in which the stresses and strains are generated.
- the position of the given region 24 of sample 3 in which the stresses and strains are generated will be determined by the type, shape, size and position of the stress and strain concentrator 23 on sample 3
- the stress and strain concentrator 23 is preferably located on or near the separation between the first 31 and the second portion 32 of the sample 3.
- the stress and strain concentrator 23 is a slot 23.
- the slot 23 extends in the direction extending from the bottom wall 21 from the housing 14 of the first zone 101 of the cavity 10 of the support towards the shoulder 16 of the first zone 101 of the cavity 10 of the support.
- the stress and strain concentrator 23 contributes to achieving the objective consisting in imaging a volume with a resolution of the order of one hundred nanometers of sample 3 and consequently of characterizing the modifications (nano ) structural of sample 3, in the order of one hundred cubic nanometers, generated by the mechanical stresses and deformations to which sample 3 is subjected.
- the stress and strain concentrator 23 also contributes to achieving the objective consisting in reproducing in real conditions the stresses to which the sample 3 will be subjected in the conditions of use and to image samples 3 of which the dimensions in the plane in which the cavity 10 extends are of the order of or greater than ten centimeters.
- an X-ray imaging device comprising a support for mechanical tests according to the first embodiment, an X-ray source and at least one detector arranged to detect transmitted X-rays and / or diffracted and / or diffused through the given region 24 of sample 3 in which the stresses and strains are generated.
- the X-ray source comes from a beamline of a synchrotron and the detector is composed of a scintillator coupled to a camera.
- the source can be an X-ray tube and the detector can be a diffractometer.
- the imaging device is designed to perform laminography measurements and in particular (nano) laminography measurements.
- Measurements in (nano) laminography require position and move the sample 3 with a precision of the order of hundreds of micrometers, preferably of the order of ten micrometers, more preferably of the order of a micrometer and more preferably of 1 of the order of a hundred nanometers. Consequently, a mass of the support / sample 3 assembly greater than around one hundred grams prohibits the use of the support / sample 3 assembly in (nano) laminography because the motors making it possible to achieve such precision and such no displacement are able to move only small masses, typically less than 100 grams.
- the X-ray imaging device comprises means for setting the support in motion, arranged to move the support in a translational movement in a plane parallel to a plane comprising the slot 10 of the support, called the normal plane, and / or for tilt the support relative to the normal plane.
- the means for setting the support in motion are designed to translate the support by a distance of less than 2mm, preferably 0.5mm, and / or to tilt the support by an angle of less than 90 °, preferably 25. °.
- the means for setting the support in motion are piezoelectric motors.
- the pitch of piezoelectric motors is less than 1 ⁇ m.
- the piezoelectric motors capable of being used in combination with the device according to the invention make it possible to adjust the position of the region in which it is located.
- the (nano) structural modifications are therefore monitored in situ in the volume and at several scales.
- the piezoelectric motors of the device according to the invention contribute to achieving the objective consisting in achieving the objective consisting in reproducing in real conditions the constraints to which sample 3 will be submitted in use condition and to image samples 3 whose dimensions in the plane in which the cavity 10 extends are of the order of or greater than ten centimeters.
- the piezoelectric motors capable of being used in combination with the device according to the invention that is to say a device comprising the support according to the invention, contribute to achieving the objective of imaging a volume. at a resolution of the order of one hundred cubic nanometers of sample 3 and consequently to characterize the (nano) structural modifications of sample 3, at resolutions of the order of one hundred cubic nanometers, generated by the mechanical stresses to which sample 3 is subjected.
- the support / sample assembly 3 it is preferable for the support / sample assembly 3 to have a mass of less than 50 grams.
- the support according to the invention which governs the arrangement as well as the geometric characteristics of the sample 3, makes it possible to achieve a mass of less than 50 grams.
- the thickness 27 of the support, the cavity 10 of the support, the housing 14 of the support and the lever part 13 contribute to achieving a mass of the support / sample assembly 3 which is less than 50 grams.
- the low mass of the support implies a reduction in the thicknesses of the various elements of the support and in particular that of the two flat faces 26 of the support. This reduction induces the appearance of the support buckling during mechanical tests. Buckling of the portion of the sample which is in compression is prevented by the stiffeners 38 described above.
- an X-ray imaging device comprising an assembly according to the second embodiment, an X-ray source and at least one detector arranged to detect transmitted and / or diffracted X-rays and / or diffused through the given region 24 of sample 3 in which the stresses and deformations are generated.
- the X-ray source comes from a beamline of a synchrotron and the detector consists of a scintillator coupled to a camera.
- the source can be an X-ray tube and the detector can be a scintillator. coupled to a camera.
- the imaging device is designed to perform laminography measurements.
- a method for X-ray analysis of the sample 3 comprising the step of providing a support for mechanical tests according to the first embodiment in an X-ray imaging device.
- the method of x-ray analysis of sample 3 comprises the step of imaging, by means of the x-ray imaging device, the sample 3.
- the x-ray imaging device is a. laminography analysis device. A sample volume between (100 x 100 x 100) and (480 x 480 x 480) ⁇ m 3 is imaged.
- the method of x-ray analysis of sample 3 comprises the step of applying a mechanical load, by means of the support for mechanical tests according to the first embodiment, to the sample 3.
- the step application of the mechanical load is carried out in situ.
- the step of applying the mechanical load is carried out without removing or moving the sample from the support.
- a method for the X-ray analysis of a sample 3 under mechanical loads comprises the step of providing a cavity 10 in a support for the sample 3.
- the support comprises a first zone 101, arranged to receive a first portion 31 of the sample 3 complementary to the first zone 101 of the cavity. 10.
- the first zone 101 of the cavity 10 comprises means 14, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21 of the sample 3.
- the support also comprises a second zone 102 arranged to receive a second portion 32 of the sample 3.
- the first 101 and second 102 areas of the cavity 10 are contiguous and arranged to accommodate the first 31 and second 32 portions of sample 3 in one piece.
- the method also comprises the step of exerting a mechanical force generating stresses and deformations in a given region 24 of the sample 3 by means of a means 1, 2, called mechanical loading, comprising an element transfer 2 arranged to be set in motion in the second zone 102 of the cavity 10.
- the method comprises the step of exerting a force, by means of the transfer element 2, in a direction extending from the first zone 101 of the cavity 10 towards the second zone 102 of the cavity 10.
- the method comprises the step of converting, via the mechanical loading means 1, 2, a rotational movement into a translational movement in the direction extending from the first area 101 of the cavity 10 to the second area 102 of the cavity 10.
- the method includes the step of providing the lever portion 13, referred to as the lever portion 13, to the second area 102 of the cavity 10 so that the transfer member 2 exerts a force in said lever portion 13 of the cavity.
- the lever part 13 protrudes from the plane comprising the bottom wall 21 of the housing 14 of the first zone 101 of the cavity 10 in the direction connecting the retaining wall 17 to the housing 14 .
- the method comprises the step of providing the guide 4 to the cavity 3 so as to force the transfer member 2 to move along the guide 4 in a translational movement in the plane in which the cavity 10 extends. .
- the method includes the step consisting in setting or clamping, in the holding means 14, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21 of the support, the first portion 31 of sample 3 so as to immobilize the first portion 31 of sample 3 in the first zone 101 of the cavity 10.
- the method comprises the step of providing a housing 14 to the holding means 14, 16, 17, 18 , 20, 21 of the support so as to embed or clamp the first portion 31 of the sample 3 in the holding means 14, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21 of the support so as to immobilize the first portion 31 of the sample 3 in the first area 101 of cavity 10.
- the projecting part 15 of the first portion 31 of the sample 3 is complementary to the housing 14.
- the method comprises the step of providing the shoulder 16 to the first zone 101 of the cavity 10, the shoulder 16 being contiguous with the housing 14 of the cavity 10 and extending from the first zone 101 towards the second zone 102. of the cavity 10.
- the method comprises the step of providing a wall 17, called a retaining wall, to the first zone 101 of the cavity 10.
- the retaining wall 17 being located opposite the shoulder 16.
- the method includes the step of providing opening 19 to the support.
- the opening 19 extending from the shoulder 16 to the retaining wall 17 and connects the first 101 and second 102 zones of the cavity 10.
- the method comprises the step of supplying the first side wall 18 to the housing 14 of the first zone 101 of the cavity 10.
- the first side wall 18 extends in a direction connecting the housing 14 to the retaining wall 17.
- the method comprises the step of providing the second side wall 20 to the housing 14 of the first zone 101 of the cavity 10.
- the second side wall 20 is located opposite the first side wall 18 of the support.
- the method comprises the step of providing the bottom wall 21 of the housing 14 from the first zone 101 of the cavity 10.
- the bottom wall 21 of the housing 14 connects the first 101 and second 102 side walls of the housing 14 of the support. .
- the bottom wall 21 of the housing 14 of the first zone 101 of the cavity 10 and the first 18 and second 20 side walls of the housing 14 of the support having a U-shape.
- the method includes the step of providing a stiffener 38 to the support so as to increase a resistance of the support to buckling.
- the stiffener 38 extending along an edge of the support located at the level of the first side wall 18 of the cavity and extends along a edge of the support located at the level of the retaining wall 17.
- the stiffener 18 extending at the level of the edge, the retaining wall 17 extends beyond the retaining wall 17 on the side of the second zone 102 of the cavity 10 to one end of the support.
- the method comprises the step of supplying the screw 1 to the mechanical loading means 1, 2.
- the screw 1 is rotated in the holder so that the transfer element 2 cooperates with the head 22 of the screw 1. sort à, when a sample 3 is placed in the cavity 10, transfer the force exerted during the rotation of the screw 1 from the head 22 of the screw 1 to the second portion 32 of the sample 3.
- the method comprises the step of exerting, via the screw 1, a force in a direction extending along the first zone 101 of the cavity 10.
- the method comprises the step of providing a stress and strain concentrator 23 in the sample 3 so as to position the given region 24 of the sample 3 in which the greatest stresses and strains are generated.
- the method comprises the steps of providing a source of X-rays and of detecting, by at least one X-ray detector, X-rays transmitted and / or diffracted and / or scattered through the given region. 24 of sample 3 in which the stresses and strains are generated.
- the method according to the seventh embodiment comprises the step of providing a support for mechanical testing according to the first aspect of the invention.
- the method according to the seventh embodiment comprises the step of providing an assembly according to the second embodiment.
- the support according to the invention allows, when a sample 3 is inserted into the support, to image, concomitantly with the mechanical tests, the microstructural modifications of the sample 3 generated by the mechanical stresses to which the sample 3 is subjected, and / or - the X-ray source according to the invention is replaced by a neutron source, and / or the detector arranged to detect X-rays according to the invention is replaced by a neutron detector, and / or - the support is arranged so that the sample is not manipulated during the analysis process, i.e. the sample is not removed from the support and the support is not moved , and or
- the head 22 of the screw 1 is concave curved and cooperates with a curved and convex portion 41 of the transfer element 2, and / or
- the support comprises several stiffeners 38, and / or
- the stress and strain concentrator 23 is a hole made in the sample 3.
- the different characteristics, shapes, variants and embodiments of the invention can be associated with each other in various combinations in the as they are not mutually exclusive or mutually exclusive.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1902929A FR3094090B1 (en) | 2019-03-21 | 2019-03-21 | in situ mechanical loading device in laminography |
PCT/EP2020/057592 WO2020188026A1 (en) | 2019-03-21 | 2020-03-19 | Laminography in-situ mechanical loading device |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3942277A1 true EP3942277A1 (en) | 2022-01-26 |
EP3942277B1 EP3942277B1 (en) | 2024-05-08 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP20711769.8A Active EP3942277B1 (en) | 2019-03-21 | 2020-03-19 | Laminography in-situ mechanical loading device |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP3942277B1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR3094090B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2020188026A1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US4198870A (en) * | 1978-11-09 | 1980-04-22 | Terra Tek, Inc. | Constant point of load application fracture specimen loading machine |
US5598738A (en) * | 1995-04-03 | 1997-02-04 | Lockheed Idaho Technologies Company | Load apparatus and method for bolt-loaded compact tension test specimen |
-
2019
- 2019-03-21 FR FR1902929A patent/FR3094090B1/en active Active
-
2020
- 2020-03-19 EP EP20711769.8A patent/EP3942277B1/en active Active
- 2020-03-19 WO PCT/EP2020/057592 patent/WO2020188026A1/en active Application Filing
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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WO2020188026A1 (en) | 2020-09-24 |
EP3942277B1 (en) | 2024-05-08 |
FR3094090A1 (en) | 2020-09-25 |
FR3094090B1 (en) | 2023-12-15 |
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