EP3919699B1 - Structural element - Google Patents

Structural element Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3919699B1
EP3919699B1 EP21176156.4A EP21176156A EP3919699B1 EP 3919699 B1 EP3919699 B1 EP 3919699B1 EP 21176156 A EP21176156 A EP 21176156A EP 3919699 B1 EP3919699 B1 EP 3919699B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
panel
ceiling
panels
base
longitudinal
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Application number
EP21176156.4A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3919699A1 (en
EP3919699C0 (en
Inventor
Günter Bösch
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Individual
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Publication of EP3919699C0 publication Critical patent/EP3919699C0/en
Publication of EP3919699B1 publication Critical patent/EP3919699B1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/02—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/02—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements
    • E04B1/10—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements the elements consisting of wood
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/343—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/343—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport
    • E04B1/344—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport with hinged parts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/343—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport
    • E04B1/344—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport with hinged parts
    • E04B1/3445—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport with hinged parts foldable in a flat stack of parallel panels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H1/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for dwelling or office purposes; General layout, e.g. modular co-ordination or staggered storeys
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H1/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for dwelling or office purposes; General layout, e.g. modular co-ordination or staggered storeys
    • E04H1/12—Small buildings or other erections for limited occupation, erected in the open air or arranged in buildings, e.g. kiosks, waiting shelters for bus stops or for filling stations, roofs for railway platforms, watchmen's huts or dressing cubicles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a structural element with a floor panel, a ceiling panel and two side wall panels, the floor panel and the ceiling panel each having a longitudinal axis parallel to their longer sides and a transverse axis parallel to their shorter sides, and the floor panel and the ceiling panel each being parallel to one another aligned longitudinal and transverse axes are arranged.
  • a disadvantage of such conventional building elements is that they have to be transported from the place of manufacture to the place of construction and public roads usually have to be used for this purpose.
  • the size of these prefabricated building elements is therefore very limited, in particular with regard to the maximum width of 2.5 m permitted for transport on public roads.
  • a lower degree of prefabrication of the building elements would be advantageous for easier road transport, but this in turn causes higher assembly costs at the construction site and makes dismantling more difficult. This in turn calls into question the advantage of a modular design.
  • Claim 1 relates to a structural element with a floor panel, a ceiling panel, and two side wall panels, the floor panel and the ceiling panel each having a longitudinal axis parallel to their longer sides and a transverse axis parallel to their shorter sides, and the floor panel and the ceiling panel each having are arranged parallel to each other aligned longitudinal and transverse axes.
  • two base side panels are provided, which are attached to the base plate so that they can pivot about lower longitudinal pivot axes, each of which runs parallel to the longitudinal axis of the base plate
  • two top side panels are provided, which are attached to the top panel so that they can pivot about upper longitudinal pivot axes, which parallel to the longitudinal axis of the ceiling panel
  • the side wall panels are attached to the ceiling panel so that they can pivot about transverse pivot axes, which each run parallel to the transverse axis of the ceiling panel, with the two bottom side panels being arranged pivoted relative to one another below the base panel in a transport state, the two top side panels being pivoted relative to one another above the ceiling panel are arranged, and the two side wall panels are arranged lying side by side between the floor panel and the ceiling panel, and the bottom side panels, the bottom panel, the side wall panels, the top panel and the top side panels form a cuboid transport package that can be raised and lowered together by means of a fixation, and in an assembly state after
  • the design of the building element according to the invention represents an easily transportable, compact, cuboid transport package, in which the side wall panels are arranged next to one another between the base panel and the cover panel, and bottom side panels that rest against the base panel and can be swung out to the side below the base panels, and top side panels that rest on the cover panel and can be swung out to the side are arranged above the cover panel.
  • the transport package is secured against the transport package designed in a layered manner from “falling apart”.
  • the high-rise construction element is brought into the construction state by first lifting the transport package from a transport vehicle using a loading crane and setting it down at the desired construction site.
  • the base plate and the part of the transport package located above the base plate can be lifted with the help of the loading crane, whereby the base side plates can first swing down due to their own weight and finally can be pivoted outwards by setting down the base plate, so that the base side plates can be swung out to the side of the Floor plate are arranged.
  • the footprint of the floor panel assembly has thus been increased.
  • the ceiling panel can then be lifted with the help of the loading crane, whereby the side wall panels, which are pivotably attached to the ceiling panel, are also pulled up until they finally reach a standing arrangement.
  • the ceiling side panels resting on the ceiling panel can be swung out so that they are arranged to the side of the ceiling panel when swung out and enlarge the top surface of the ceiling panel arrangement.
  • a building module with a floor area of 60m 2 can already be realized with such a building element if the maximum length of 12m permitted for road transport and the permitted maximum width of 2.5m are used.
  • the building module can be set up quickly, but can also be quickly dismantled after the desired use has expired by reversing the process described above.
  • the spatial element specified by the building element according to the invention can are subsequently closed by wall, door and window elements in the peripheral area, which also serve as stiffening elements, as will be explained in more detail.
  • the floor panel, the ceiling panel, the bottom side panels and the ceiling side panels are preferably designed as wooden rib panels, and the side wall panels made of cross laminated timber panels (CLT).
  • Wood rib panels have ribs projecting from a panel and are used within the scope of the present invention such that the ribs are parallel to the longitudinal pivot axes.
  • the gaps defined between the ribs can be used to accommodate insulating material against impact and airborne noise as well as heating and ventilation installations.
  • the free spaces between the floor panel and the bottom side panels in the area of the lower longitudinal pivot axes and the free spaces between the ceiling panel and the ceiling side panels in the area of the upper longitudinal pivot axes can be used as installation ducts and cable ducts.
  • the length and width of the floor panel essentially correspond to the length and width of the ceiling panel
  • the length of the floor side panels and the ceiling side panels essentially correspond to the length of the floor panel and the ceiling panel
  • the width of each of the bottom side panels and the top side panels is substantially half the width of the bottom panel and the top panel.
  • the base side panels are each attached to the base plate such that they can pivot about the respective lower longitudinal pivot axis along a first longitudinal side of the respective base side panel, and on their opposite side, in the transport state each other facing longitudinal sides each have a bottom extension plate, which are attached to the respective bottom side plate so that they can pivot about pivot axes, which each run parallel to the respective lower longitudinal pivot axis and can be rotated about the respective longitudinal pivot axis, and the width of the bottom extension plates essentially corresponds to the width of the bottom side plate in each case.
  • the bottom side panel and the bottom extension panel fastened to it lie on top of one another and together below the bottom panel.
  • the floor extension plate is pivoted out together with the floor side panel and lies next to the floor side panel in the assembly state.
  • the base area provided by the base plate is tripled, so that with a base plate width of 2.5 m and a length of 12 m when assembled, a building module with a base area of 90 m 2 results.
  • the top side panels are each fastened to the top panel along a first long side of the respective top side panel so that they can pivot about the respective upper longitudinal pivot axis, and that they each have a top extension panel on their opposite long sides, which face one another in the transport state respective ceiling side panels are pivotably mounted about pivot axes which are each parallel to the respective upper longitudinal pivot axis and are rotatable about the respective longitudinal pivot axis, and the width of the ceiling extension panels corresponds in each case to the width of the ceiling side panel substantially.
  • the ceiling side panel and the ceiling extension panel attached to it lie on top of one another and together above the ceiling panel.
  • the ceiling extension panel is swung out together with the side ceiling panel and lies next to the side ceiling panel when assembled.
  • the length and width of the bottom panel essentially correspond to the length and width of the top panel correspond
  • the width of the side wall panels in each case essentially corresponds to the width of the ceiling panel
  • the height of the side wall panels essentially corresponds to half the length of the ceiling panel.
  • the side wall panels are each fastened to the top panel so that they can pivot about the respective transverse pivot axis along a first broad side of the respective side wall panel, and that they each have guide rollers on their opposite broad sides that face one another in the transport state, which are mounted in rails on the base panel are guided parallel to the longitudinal axis of the base plate and fixed in the lifting direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis.
  • the guide rollers make it easier to pull up the top panel and thus to set up the side wall panels during assembly, but they also prevent the side wall panels from lifting off the base panel, since they are guided in the rails of the base panel in the lifting direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis.
  • This fixed guidance can be achieved, for example, with the help of L-angles, which are attached to the guide roller axle and grip under rails mounted on the side of the base plate.
  • the guide rollers also make it easier to dismantle the high-rise building element by making it easier to collapse the high-rise building element.
  • folding stiffening elements can also be provided, as will be explained in more detail below.
  • the bottom side panels are provided with rollers on their longitudinal sides that face one another in the transport state. With the help of these rollers, the respective bottom side panel rolls off the ground during the swing-out process in the range of the swing-out angle of 90°-180°, thus facilitating the swiveling process. If a floor extension panel is provided, it rests on the floor side panel in this swing-out area and can be swung out after the floor side panel has been swung out completely.
  • the ceiling panel is provided on its broad sides with a carrier as a support for the two swung-out ceiling side panels.
  • the carriers are installed after the bottom side panels and the floor extension panels have been pivoted out and after the top panel has been pulled up, but before the top side panels are pivoted out.
  • stiffening elements in the form of wall elements, door elements or window elements are preferably arranged in the assembly state between the pivoted-out top side panels and the pivoted-out bottom side panels. These stiffening elements are installed after the construction of the building element has been completed and their dimensions are preferably designed so that they can be inserted exactly between the floor side panels and the ceiling side panels and between any floor extension panels and the ceiling extension panels in order to enable rapid assembly.
  • the 1 shows the building element in its transport state as a transport package 1, as it is transported to the place of construction with the help of a truck, for example.
  • the dimensions of the transport package 1 can be chosen so that it does not exceed a maximum length of 12 m and a maximum width of 2.5 m. It is lifted off the truck with the help of a mobile loading crane using support ropes 2 and set down at the desired place of construction.
  • the transport package 1 consists of a base panel 3, a cover panel 4, two base side panels 5a, 5b arranged below the base panel 3, two base extension panels 6a, 6b arranged below the base side panels 5a, 5b, two cover side panels 7a, 7b arranged above the cover panel 4 , two ceiling extension panels 8a, 8b arranged above the ceiling side panels 7a, 5b, and two side wall panels 9a, 9b, which are arranged between the floor panel 3 and the ceiling panel 4 (see also Figure 3a ).
  • the floor panel 3, the ceiling panel 4, the floor side panels 5a, 5b, the floor extension panels 6a, 6b, the ceiling side panels 7a, 7b and the ceiling extension panels 8a, 8b are preferably designed as wooden rib panels, as will be explained in more detail in connection with more detailed illustrations, and the side wall panels 9a, 9b made of cross laminated timber panels (CLT).
  • CLT cross laminated timber panels
  • bottom side plates 5 and the bottom extension plates 6 can be pivoted relative to the bottom plate 3 .
  • the bottom side plates 5 and the Floor extension plates 6 By lifting the transport package 1 with dissolved fixation pivot the bottom side plates 5 and the Floor extension plates 6 due to their own weight downwards, specifically in a pivoting movement about lower longitudinal pivot axes Lua, Lub, each of which runs parallel to the longitudinal axis of the floor plate 3 (see also Figure 3b ).
  • the bottom side panels 5a, 5b are fastened to the bottom panel 3 along a first longitudinal side of the respective bottom side panel 5a, 5b, for example by means of a hinge so as to be pivotable about the respective lower longitudinal pivot axis Lua, Lub.
  • Floor extension panels 6a, 6b are attached pivotably to their opposite longitudinal sides of the floor side panels 5a, 5b, which face one another in the transport state, for example likewise with the aid of hinges.
  • the floor extension panels 6a, 6b are pivoted together with the floor side panels 5a, 5b, specifically through a pivoting angle of 180°, until the respective package of floor side panel 5a, 5b and floor extension panel 6a, 6b rests on the ground next to the floor panel 3 (see Fig Figure 2c ).
  • the bottom side panels 5a, 5b are each provided with rollers 10 on their longitudinal sides facing one another in the transport state (see Fig 3c ).
  • the respective base side plate 5a, 5b rolls off the ground in the course of the pivoting process in the region of the pivoting angle of 90°-180°.
  • the base extension plate 6 lying on it can be folded out, if necessary with prior release of a fixing, by pivoting the base extension plate 6 through an angle of 180° about a pivot axis S parallel to the lower longitudinal pivot axis Lu (see Fig. 2d and 3d ).
  • lower beams 11 for example made of glued laminated timber (BSH)
  • BSH glued laminated timber
  • Two lower supports 11uq running in the direction of the transverse axis are connected to the ones running in the direction of the transverse axis
  • base side plates 5 and base extension plates 6 are mounted, and two lower supports 11ul running in the longitudinal direction are mounted on the front sides of the base extension plates 6 running in the longitudinal direction (see Fig Fig. 2d and 3e ).
  • the ceiling panel 4 can be lifted with the aid of the loading crane and the support ropes 2, whereby the side wall panels 9a, 9b, which are pivotably attached to the ceiling panel 4, are also pulled up until they finally reach a standing arrangement (see Fig Figure 2e and 3f ).
  • the side wall panels 9a, 9b are each fastened to the cover panel 4 by means of hinges along a first broad side of the respective side wall panel 9a, 9b so as to be pivotable about a respective transverse pivot axis Qa, Qb.
  • the 4 1 shows one of the side wall panels 9a in a folded-in position according to the transport state and in an almost completely folded-up position.
  • the ceiling panel 4 is designed as a ribbed wood panel.
  • the two side wall panels 9a, 9b each have guide rollers 12, which are guided in rails 13 of the base plate 3 so that they can be displaced parallel to the longitudinal axis of the base plate 3 and are fixed in the lifting direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, as shown in FIGS Fig. 3f, Fig. 5 and 6 is evident.
  • the guide rollers 12 make it easier to pull up the top panel 4 and thus raise the side wall panels 9a, 9b during assembly, but also prevent the side wall panels 9a, 9b from lifting off the base panel 3, since they are in the rails 13 of the base panel 3 in the lifting direction are fixed perpendicular to the longitudinal axis.
  • two upper beams 11oq running in the transverse direction are mounted on the front side, namely on the front sides of the ceiling panel 4 running in the transverse axis direction, as in FIGS Fig. 2f and 3 hours is evident.
  • These upper beams 110q running in the transverse direction serve as supports for the subsequent pivoting out of the ceiling side panels 7a, 7b and the ceiling extension panels 8a, 8b initially resting on them.
  • top side panels 7a, 7b are fastened to the top panel 4 along a first longitudinal side of the respective top side panel 7a, 7b, for example by means of a hinge, such that they can pivot about a respective upper longitudinal pivot axis Loa, Lob.
  • Cover extension panels 8a, 8b are pivotally attached to their opposite longitudinal sides of the cover side panels 7a, 7b, which face one another in the transport state, for example likewise with the aid of hinges.
  • the ceiling extension panels 8a, 8b are pivoted together with the ceiling side panels 7a, 7b, with the ceiling side panels 7a, 7b each describing a pivoting angle of 180°, and the ceiling extension panels 8a, 8b initially a pivoting angle of 90° in a first direction of rotation and then one Swivel angle of 90° in the opposite direction of rotation until the ceiling side panels 7a, 7b and the ceiling extension panels 8a, 8b come to rest next to the ceiling panel 4 and describe a plane (see 2g , Fig. 2h and Figures 3i, 3j and 3k ).
  • the ceiling extension panels 8a, 8b are each provided with rollers 16 on their long sides which face away from one another in the transport state (see Figures 3h and 3i ). With the aid of these rollers 16, the respective ceiling extension plate 8a, 8b rolls off the upper supports 11oq running in the direction of the transverse axis in the course of the pivoting process.
  • the top surface of the ceiling panel arrangement consisting of ceiling panel 4, ceiling side panels 7 and ceiling extension panels 8 has thus been tripled in analogy to the floor panel arrangement.
  • the Fig. 3j shows an embodiment in which the ceiling panel 4, the ceiling side panels 7 and the ceiling extension panels 8 are each designed as wooden rib panels which are pivotally connected to one another via hinges.
  • the ribs of the wooden ribbed panels point upwards when assembled.
  • the floor panel 3, the floor side panels 5 and the floor extension panels 6 are each designed as wooden rib panels which are pivotally connected to one another via hinges, the ribs of the wooden rib panels pointing downwards in the assembled state.
  • upper beams 11ol for example made of glued laminated timber (BSH), running in the longitudinal direction are mounted on the front sides of the ceiling extension panels 8a, 8b running in the longitudinal direction, so that the framing of the ceiling panel construction together with the upper beams 11oq running in the transverse direction is completed (see Fig. 2h ).
  • the 8 shows the building element according to the invention in the assembled state viewed from above, with the ceiling panel 4, the laterally adjacent ceiling side panels 7 and the ceiling extension panels 8 being visible, as well as the framing upper beams 11o.
  • the 9 shows the building element according to the invention in the construction state seen in the direction of the transverse axis, with a tubular steel stiffener 17 being visible, and a stiffening element 18 which is in FIG 9 designed as a door element.
  • the stiffening element 18 is in the 9 arranged in the assembled state between the swung-out ceiling extension panels 8 and the swung-out floor extension panels 6.
  • These stiffening elements 18 are installed after the building element has been assembled and are preferably dimensioned in such a way that they can be inserted exactly between the floor extension panels 6 and the ceiling extension panels 8 and between the floor side panels 5 and the ceiling side panels 7 in order to enable rapid assembly. With the help of further stiffening elements 18 in the form of wall, window and door elements, the building element is closed over its entire circumference.
  • the 10 shows a schematic view of several high-rise building elements according to the invention, which are combined next to one another and one above the other along the directions of the arrows shown. In this way, buildings with any floor area and several floors can be realized.
  • the 11 shows this first a cross section of a structural plan of a ceiling structure with cantilevered roof element 19 and a warm roof structure 20, and the 12 a cross-section of a building plan of the floor area of a building element according to the invention, as well as the ceiling area of an underlying building element according to the invention.
  • the warm roof structure 20 includes a cover in the form of a cross-laminated timber panel, the ribs designed as wooden rib panels up the ceiling panel 4, the ceiling side panels 7 and the cover the ceiling extension panels 8 and seal them with a bituminous vapor barrier, as well as any additional roof structures.
  • additional shading elements 21 can be provided as the outermost building shell.
  • an additionally arranged balcony element 25 can be seen.
  • the gaps between the ribs of the wooden ribbed panels can be provided with insulating material 23 for thermal insulation and for airborne and impact sound insulation. However, these gaps can also be used as installation areas for building services equipment for ventilation and heating.
  • the free spaces running in the longitudinal direction between the floor panel 3, the floor side panels 5 and the floor extension panels 6, and between the ceiling panel 4, the ceiling side panels 7 and the ceiling extension panels 8 can be used as installation ducts 22, for example for electrical lines.
  • the structural elements are inherently rigid and are coupled both vertically and horizontally.
  • the horizontal coupling takes place with the help of coupling elements 24 (see 12 ).
  • the wooden ribbed panels are designed in such a way that large spans can be achieved. In this way, load-bearing elements within the building elements can be dispensed with.
  • stiffening elements 18 in the form of plasterboard as room dividers within the structural elements.
  • These non-load-bearing partition walls can be freely positioned and adapted to planning concepts.
  • the direction in which the wooden ribbed panels are stretched determines which walls are to be load-bearing. For those walls that do not have to bear the load of the panels, there is more leeway in the number and size of possible openings.
  • a building element which, on the one hand, has a high degree of prefabrication and allows rapid production of variable, easily combinable but also easily dismantled spatial structures at the construction site, and on the other hand is also easier to transport than conventional building elements.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Hochbauelement mit einer Bodenplatte, einer Deckenplatte, sowie zwei Seitenwandplatten, wobei die Bodenplatte und die Deckenplatte jeweils eine zu ihren längeren Seiten parallele Längsachse und eine zu ihren kürzeren Seiten parallele Querachse aufweisen, und die Bodenplatte und die Deckenplatte mit jeweils parallel zueinander ausgerichteten Längs- und Querachsen angeordnet sind.The invention relates to a structural element with a floor panel, a ceiling panel and two side wall panels, the floor panel and the ceiling panel each having a longitudinal axis parallel to their longer sides and a transverse axis parallel to their shorter sides, and the floor panel and the ceiling panel each being parallel to one another aligned longitudinal and transverse axes are arranged.

Im Bauwesen besteht der zunehmende Bedarf nach einer nachhaltigen Bauweise, die ökologische und ökonomische Aspekte der Fertigung, des Transports und der Errichtung von Gebäuden, aber auch des Rückbaus und der Entsorgung von Baumaterialien des rückgebauten Gebäudes in Betracht zieht. Ein Ansatz besteht dabei in einer modulartigen Bauweise, bei der vorgefertigte, transportable und variabel kombinierbare Hochbauelemente verwendet werden, da diese bei geeigneter Ausführung in Herstellung, Errichtung und Wiederverwendung einen geringeren ökologischen Fußabdruck hinterlassen können als herkömmliche Bauweisen. Diese Hochbauelemente sind idealerweise horizontal und vertikal kombinierbar, um auf diese Weise vielfältige funktionelle Aufgaben im Hochbau wie etwa als Ein- und Mehrfamilienhäuser, Schulen oder Gewerbegebäude erfüllen zu können. Beispiele derartiger Hochbauelemente sind in WO 02/066755 A1 und DE 199 50 863 A1 zu finden.In the construction industry there is an increasing need for sustainable construction that takes into account ecological and economic aspects of the manufacture, transport and construction of buildings, but also the demolition and disposal of building materials from the demolished building. One approach consists in a modular construction, in which prefabricated, transportable and variably combinable building elements are used, since these can leave a smaller ecological footprint than conventional construction methods when manufactured, erected and reused appropriately. Ideally, these building elements can be combined horizontally and vertically in order to be able to fulfill a wide range of functional tasks in building construction, such as single and multi-family houses, schools or commercial buildings. Examples of such building elements are in WO 02/066755 A1 and DE 199 50 863 A1 to find.

Ein Nachteil solcher herkömmlicher Hochbauelemente besteht darin, dass sie vom Ort der Fertigung an den Ort des Aufbaus transportiert werden müssen und hierfür in der Regel öffentliche Straßen benutzt werden müssen. Daher ist die Größe dieser vorgefertigten Hochbauelemente sehr beschränkt, insbesondere hinsichtlich der für einen Transport auf öffentlichen Straßen erlaubten Maximalbreite des Transportguts von 2,5m. Für einen erleichterten Straßentransport wäre ein geringerer Vorfertigungsgrad der Hochbauelemente vorteilhaft, der aber wiederum höheren Montageaufwand am Ort des Aufbaus sowie einen erschwerten Rückbau verursacht. Dadurch wird wiederum der Vorteil einer modulartigen Bauweise in Frage gestellt.A disadvantage of such conventional building elements is that they have to be transported from the place of manufacture to the place of construction and public roads usually have to be used for this purpose. The size of these prefabricated building elements is therefore very limited, in particular with regard to the maximum width of 2.5 m permitted for transport on public roads. A lower degree of prefabrication of the building elements would be advantageous for easier road transport, but this in turn causes higher assembly costs at the construction site and makes dismantling more difficult. This in turn calls into question the advantage of a modular design.

Es ist daher das Ziel der Erfindung ein Hochbauelement bereit zu stellen, das einerseits einen hohen Vorfertigungsgrad aufweist und eine rasche Herstellung variabler, gut kombinierbarer aber auch leicht rückbaubarer Raumstrukturen am Ort des Aufbaus zulässt, aber andererseits auch leichter transportierbar ist als herkömmliche Hochbauelemente.It is therefore the object of the invention to provide a building element which, on the one hand, has a high degree of prefabrication and, on the other hand, can be manufactured quickly and variably combinable but also easily dismantled spatial structures at the construction site, but on the other hand is also easier to transport than conventional building elements.

Diese Ziele werden durch die Merkmale von Anspruch 1 erreicht. Anspruch 1 bezieht sich auf ein Hochbauelement mit einer Bodenplatte, einer Deckenplatte, sowie zwei Seitenwandplatten, wobei die Bodenplatte und die Deckenplatte jeweils eine zu ihren längeren Seiten parallele Längsachse und eine zu ihren kürzeren Seiten parallele Querachse aufweisen, und die Bodenplatte und die Deckenplatte mit jeweils parallel zueinander ausgerichteten Längs- und Querachsen angeordnet sind. Erfindungsgemäß wird hierbei vorgeschlagen, dass zwei Bodenseitenplatten vorgesehen sind, die an der Bodenplatte um untere Längsschwenkachsen schwenkbar befestigt sind, die jeweils parallel zur Längsachse der Bodenplatte verlaufen, und zwei Deckenseitenplatten vorgesehen sind, die an der Deckenplatte um obere Längsschwenkachsen schwenkbar befestigt sind, die jeweils parallel zur Längsachse der Deckenplatte verlaufen, und die Seitenwandplatten an der Deckenplatte um Querschwenkachsen schwenkbar befestigt sind, die jeweils parallel zur Querachse der Deckenplatte verlaufen, wobei in einem Transportzustand die beiden Bodenseitenplatten zueinander geschwenkt unterhalb der Bodenplatte angeordnet sind, die beiden Deckenseitenplatten zueinander geschwenkt oberhalb der Deckenplatte angeordnet sind, und die beiden Seitenwandplatten nebeneinander liegend zwischen der Bodenplatte und der Deckenplatte angeordnet sind, und die Bodenseitenplatten, die Bodenplatte, die Seitenwandplatten, die Deckenplatte und die Deckenseitenplatten mittels einer Fixierung ein gemeinsam heb- und senkbares, quaderförmiges Transportpaket bilden, und in einem Aufbauzustand nach Lösen der Fixierung die beiden Bodenseitenplatten ausgeschwenkt seitlich der Bodenplatte angeordnet sind, die beiden Deckenseitenplatten ausgeschwenkt seitlich der Deckenplatte angeordnet sind, und die beiden Seitenwandplatten zwischen der Bodenplatte und der Deckenplatte stehend angeordnet sind.These aims are achieved by the features of claim 1. Claim 1 relates to a structural element with a floor panel, a ceiling panel, and two side wall panels, the floor panel and the ceiling panel each having a longitudinal axis parallel to their longer sides and a transverse axis parallel to their shorter sides, and the floor panel and the ceiling panel each having are arranged parallel to each other aligned longitudinal and transverse axes. According to the invention, it is proposed that two base side panels are provided, which are attached to the base plate so that they can pivot about lower longitudinal pivot axes, each of which runs parallel to the longitudinal axis of the base plate, and two top side panels are provided, which are attached to the top panel so that they can pivot about upper longitudinal pivot axes, which parallel to the longitudinal axis of the ceiling panel, and the side wall panels are attached to the ceiling panel so that they can pivot about transverse pivot axes, which each run parallel to the transverse axis of the ceiling panel, with the two bottom side panels being arranged pivoted relative to one another below the base panel in a transport state, the two top side panels being pivoted relative to one another above the ceiling panel are arranged, and the two side wall panels are arranged lying side by side between the floor panel and the ceiling panel, and the bottom side panels, the bottom panel, the side wall panels, the top panel and the top side panels form a cuboid transport package that can be raised and lowered together by means of a fixation, and in an assembly state after loosening the fixation the two bottom side panels are arranged pivoted to the side of the base plate, the two side panels are arranged pivoted to the side of the ceiling panel, and the two side wall panels are arranged standing between the base panel and the ceiling panel.

Die erfindungsgemäße Ausführung des Hochbauelements stellt im Transportzustand ein gut transportierbares, kompaktes, quaderförmiges Transportpaket dar, bei dem die Seitenwandplatten nebeneinander liegend zwischen der Bodenplatte und der Deckenplatte angeordnet sind, und unterhalb der Bodenplatten an der Bodenplatte anliegende und seitlich ausschwenkbare Bodenseitenplatten, sowie oberhalb der Deckenplatte auf der Deckenplatte aufliegende und seitlich ausschwenkbare Deckenseitenplatten angeordnet sind. Das Transportpaket wird mithilfe der Fixierung gegen ein "Auseinanderfallen" des solcherart geschichtet ausgeführten Transportpakets gesichert. Am Ort des Aufbaus wird das Hochbauelement in den Aufbauzustand gebracht, indem das Transportpaket zunächst mithilfe eines Ladekrans von einem Transportfahrzeug abgehoben und an den Ort des gewünschten Aufbaus abgesetzt wird. Nach Lösen der Fixierung kann mithilfe des Ladekrans die Bodenplatte und der oberhalb der Bodenplatte befindliche Teil des Transportpakets angehoben werden, wodurch die Bodenseitenplatten aufgrund ihres Eigengewichts zunächst nach unten schwenken und schließlich durch Absetzen der Bodenplatte nach außen geschwenkt werden können, sodass die Bodenseitenplatten ausgeschwenkt seitlich der Bodenplatte angeordnet sind. Die Grundfläche der Bodenplattenanordnung wurde somit vergrößert. In weiterer Folge kann mithilfe des Ladekrans die Deckenplatte angehoben werden, wodurch auch die an der Deckenplatte schwenkbar befestigten Seitenwandplatten hochgezogen werden, bis sie schließlich eine stehende Anordnung erreichen. In einem weiteren Schritt können die auf der Deckenplatte aufliegenden Deckenseitenplatten ausgeschwenkt werden, sodass sie ausgeschwenkt seitlich der Deckenplatte angeordnet sind und die Deckfläche der Deckenplattenanordnung vergrößern. Wie noch näher ausgeführt werden wird, kann bereits mit einem solchen Hochbauelement bei Ausschöpfen der für einen Straßentransport erlaubten Maximallänge eines Transportguts von 12m und der erlaubten Maximalbreite von 2,5m ein Gebäudemodul mit einer Grundfläche von 60m2 verwirklicht werden. Das Gebäudemodul kann dabei rasch aufgestellt werden, kann aber nach Ablauf der gewünschten Nutzung auch wieder rasch abgebaut werden, indem der oben beschriebene Vorgang umgekehrt wird. Das vom erfindungsgemäßen Hochbauelement vorgegebene Raumelement kann in weiterer Folge durch Wand-, Tür- und Fensterelemente im Umfangsbereich geschlossen werden, die auch als Versteifungselemente dienen, wie noch näher ausgeführt werden wird.The design of the building element according to the invention represents an easily transportable, compact, cuboid transport package, in which the side wall panels are arranged next to one another between the base panel and the cover panel, and bottom side panels that rest against the base panel and can be swung out to the side below the base panels, and top side panels that rest on the cover panel and can be swung out to the side are arranged above the cover panel. With the aid of the fixation, the transport package is secured against the transport package designed in a layered manner from “falling apart”. At the construction site, the high-rise construction element is brought into the construction state by first lifting the transport package from a transport vehicle using a loading crane and setting it down at the desired construction site. After releasing the fixation, the base plate and the part of the transport package located above the base plate can be lifted with the help of the loading crane, whereby the base side plates can first swing down due to their own weight and finally can be pivoted outwards by setting down the base plate, so that the base side plates can be swung out to the side of the Floor plate are arranged. The footprint of the floor panel assembly has thus been increased. The ceiling panel can then be lifted with the help of the loading crane, whereby the side wall panels, which are pivotably attached to the ceiling panel, are also pulled up until they finally reach a standing arrangement. In a further step, the ceiling side panels resting on the ceiling panel can be swung out so that they are arranged to the side of the ceiling panel when swung out and enlarge the top surface of the ceiling panel arrangement. As will be explained in more detail, a building module with a floor area of 60m 2 can already be realized with such a building element if the maximum length of 12m permitted for road transport and the permitted maximum width of 2.5m are used. The building module can be set up quickly, but can also be quickly dismantled after the desired use has expired by reversing the process described above. The spatial element specified by the building element according to the invention can are subsequently closed by wall, door and window elements in the peripheral area, which also serve as stiffening elements, as will be explained in more detail.

Die Bodenplatte, die Deckenplatte, die Bodenseitenplatten und die Deckenseitenplatten sind vorzugsweise als Holzrippenplatten ausgeführt, und die Seitenwandplatten aus Brettsperrholzplatten (BSP). Holzrippenplatten weisen von einer Platte abstehende Rippen auf und werden im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung so verwendet, dass die Rippen parallel zu den Längsschwenkachsen verlaufen. Die zwischen den Rippen definierten Zwischenräume können für die Aufnahme von Dämmmaterial gegen Tritt- und Luftschalldurchgang sowie von Heizungs- und Lüftungsinstallationen verwendet werden. Die sich zwischen der Bodenplatte und den Bodenseitenplatten ergebenden Freiräume im Bereich der unteren Längsschwenkachsen, sowie die sich zwischen der Deckenplatte und den Deckenseitenplatten ergebenden Freiräume im Bereich der oberen Längsschwenkachsen können als Installationskanäle und Leitungsschächte verwendet werden.The floor panel, the ceiling panel, the bottom side panels and the ceiling side panels are preferably designed as wooden rib panels, and the side wall panels made of cross laminated timber panels (CLT). Wood rib panels have ribs projecting from a panel and are used within the scope of the present invention such that the ribs are parallel to the longitudinal pivot axes. The gaps defined between the ribs can be used to accommodate insulating material against impact and airborne noise as well as heating and ventilation installations. The free spaces between the floor panel and the bottom side panels in the area of the lower longitudinal pivot axes and the free spaces between the ceiling panel and the ceiling side panels in the area of the upper longitudinal pivot axes can be used as installation ducts and cable ducts.

Um das Volumen des Hochbauelements im Transportzustand optimal zu nutzen wird vorgeschlagen, dass die Länge und Breite der Bodenplatte der Länge und der Breite der Deckenplatte im Wesentlichen entsprechen, die Länge der Bodenseitenplatten und der Deckenseitenplatten jeweils der Länge der Bodenplatte und der Deckenplatte im Wesentlichen entspricht, und die Breite der Bodenseitenplatten und der Deckenseitenplatten jeweils im Wesentlichen der Hälfte der Breite der Bodenplatte und der Deckenplatte entspricht. Die beiden im Transportzustand zueinander geschwenkten Bodenseitenplatten und Deckenseitenplatten nutzen somit die Abmessungen der Bodenplatte und der Deckenplatte optimal aus.In order to make optimal use of the volume of the structural element in the transport state, it is proposed that the length and width of the floor panel essentially correspond to the length and width of the ceiling panel, the length of the floor side panels and the ceiling side panels essentially correspond to the length of the floor panel and the ceiling panel, and the width of each of the bottom side panels and the top side panels is substantially half the width of the bottom panel and the top panel. The two bottom side panels and top side panels, which are pivoted towards one another in the transport state, thus optimally utilize the dimensions of the bottom panel and the top panel.

Um die Grundfläche des aufgebauten Hochbauelements zusätzlich zu erhöhen wird des Weiteren vorgeschlagen, dass die Bodenseitenplatten jeweils entlang einer ersten Längsseite der jeweiligen Bodenseitenplatte an der Bodenplatte um die jeweilige untere Längsschwenkachse schwenkbar befestigt sind, und an ihrer gegenüberliegenden, im Transportzustand einander zugewandten Längsseiten jeweils eine Bodenverlängerungsplatte aufweisen, die an der jeweiligen Bodenseitenplatte um Schwenkachsen schwenkbar befestigt sind, die jeweils parallel zur jeweiligen unteren Längsschwenkachse verlaufen und um die jeweilige Längsschwenkachse rotierbar sind, und die Breite der Bodenverlängerungsplatten jeweils der Breite der Bodenseitenplatte im Wesentlichen entspricht. Im Transportzustand liegen somit die Bodenseitenplatte und die an ihr befestigte Bodenverlängerungsplatte aufeinander und gemeinsam unterhalb der Bodenplatte. Die Bodenverlängerungsplatte wird im Zuge des Aufbaus gemeinsam mit der Bodenseitenplatte ausgeschwenkt und liegt im Aufbauzustand neben der Bodenseitenplatte. Auf diese Weise wird die durch die Bodenplatte gegebene Grundfläche verdreifacht, sodass sich etwa bei einer Breite der Bodenplatte von 2,5m und einer Länge von 12m im Aufbauzustand ein Gebäudemodul mit einer Grundfläche von 90m2 ergibt.In order to additionally increase the base area of the built-up building element, it is also proposed that the base side panels are each attached to the base plate such that they can pivot about the respective lower longitudinal pivot axis along a first longitudinal side of the respective base side panel, and on their opposite side, in the transport state each other facing longitudinal sides each have a bottom extension plate, which are attached to the respective bottom side plate so that they can pivot about pivot axes, which each run parallel to the respective lower longitudinal pivot axis and can be rotated about the respective longitudinal pivot axis, and the width of the bottom extension plates essentially corresponds to the width of the bottom side plate in each case. In the transport state, the bottom side panel and the bottom extension panel fastened to it lie on top of one another and together below the bottom panel. During assembly, the floor extension plate is pivoted out together with the floor side panel and lies next to the floor side panel in the assembly state. In this way, the base area provided by the base plate is tripled, so that with a base plate width of 2.5 m and a length of 12 m when assembled, a building module with a base area of 90 m 2 results.

Um hierfür eine entsprechende Deckfläche vorzusehen wird vorgeschlagen, dass die Deckenseitenplatten jeweils entlang einer ersten Längsseite der jeweiligen Deckenseitenplatte an der Deckenplatte um die jeweilige obere Längsschwenkachse schwenkbar befestigt sind, und an ihrer gegenüberliegenden, im Transportzustand einander zugewandten Längsseiten jeweils eine Deckenverlängerungsplatte aufweisen, die an der jeweiligen Deckenseitenplatte um Schwenkachsen schwenkbar befestigt sind, die jeweils parallel zur jeweiligen oberen Längsschwenkachse verlaufen und um die jeweilige Längsschwenkachse rotierbar sind, und die Breite der Deckenverlängerungsplatten jeweils der Breite der Deckenseitenplatte im Wesentlichen entspricht. Im Transportzustand liegen somit die Deckenseitenplatte und die an ihr befestigte Deckenverlängerungsplatte aufeinander und gemeinsam oberhalb der Deckenplatte. Die Deckenverlängerungsplatte wird im Zuge des Aufbaus gemeinsam mit der Deckenseitenplatte ausgeschwenkt und liegt im Aufbauzustand neben der Deckenseitenplatte.In order to provide a corresponding top surface for this purpose, it is proposed that the top side panels are each fastened to the top panel along a first long side of the respective top side panel so that they can pivot about the respective upper longitudinal pivot axis, and that they each have a top extension panel on their opposite long sides, which face one another in the transport state respective ceiling side panels are pivotably mounted about pivot axes which are each parallel to the respective upper longitudinal pivot axis and are rotatable about the respective longitudinal pivot axis, and the width of the ceiling extension panels corresponds in each case to the width of the ceiling side panel substantially. In the transport state, the ceiling side panel and the ceiling extension panel attached to it lie on top of one another and together above the ceiling panel. During assembly, the ceiling extension panel is swung out together with the side ceiling panel and lies next to the side ceiling panel when assembled.

Hinsichtlich der Abmessungen der Seitenwandplatten wird vorgeschlagen, dass die Länge und Breite der Bodenplatte der Länge und der Breite der Deckenplatte im Wesentlichen entsprechen, die Breite der Seitenwandplatten jeweils im Wesentlichen der Breite der Deckenplatte entspricht, und die Höhe der Seitenwandplatten im Wesentlichen der Hälfte der Länge der Deckenplatte entspricht. Auf diese Weise nutzen die beiden im Transportzustand nebeneinander liegenden Seitenwandplatten die Abmessungen der Bodenplatte und der Deckenplatte wiederum optimal aus. Bei einer Länge der Bodenplatte und der Deckenplatte von beispielsweise 12m kann auf diese Weise eine Raumhöhe von 6m erzielt werden.With regard to the dimensions of the side wall panels, it is proposed that the length and width of the bottom panel essentially correspond to the length and width of the top panel correspond, the width of the side wall panels in each case essentially corresponds to the width of the ceiling panel, and the height of the side wall panels essentially corresponds to half the length of the ceiling panel. In this way, the two side wall panels lying next to one another in the transport state again optimally utilize the dimensions of the base panel and the top panel. With a length of the floor panel and the ceiling panel of 12m, for example, a room height of 6m can be achieved in this way.

Um den Aufbau zu erleichtern wird ferner vorgeschlagen, dass die Seitenwandplatten jeweils entlang einer ersten Breitseite der jeweiligen Seitenwandplatte an der Deckenplatte um die jeweilige Querschwenkachse schwenkbar befestigt sind, und an ihrer gegenüberliegenden, im Transportzustand einander zugewandten Breitseiten jeweils Führungsrollen aufweisen, die in Schienen der Bodenplatte parallel zur Längsachse der Bodenplatte verschiebbar und in Hubrichtung senkrecht zur Längsachse fixiert geführt sind. Die Führungsrollen erleichtern einerseits das Hochziehen der Deckenplatte und somit das Aufstellen der Seitenwandplatten im Zuge des Aufbaus, verhindern aber auch ein Abheben der Seitenwandplatten von der Bodenplatte, da sie in den Schienen der Bodenplatte in Hubrichtung senkrecht zur Längsachse fixiert geführt sind. Diese fixierte Führung kann etwa mithilfe von L-Winkel erfolgen, die an der Führungsrollenachse befestigt sind und seitlich an der Bodenplatte montierte Schienen untergreifen. Die Führungsrollen erleichtern zudem den Rückbau des Hochbauelements, indem sie das Zusammenklappen des Hochbauelements erleichtern. Um die Seitenwandelemente in ihrer aufrecht stehenden Position zu fixieren können des Weiteren klappbare Aussteifungselemente vorgesehen sein, wie noch näher ausgeführt werden wird.In order to simplify the construction, it is also proposed that the side wall panels are each fastened to the top panel so that they can pivot about the respective transverse pivot axis along a first broad side of the respective side wall panel, and that they each have guide rollers on their opposite broad sides that face one another in the transport state, which are mounted in rails on the base panel are guided parallel to the longitudinal axis of the base plate and fixed in the lifting direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. On the one hand, the guide rollers make it easier to pull up the top panel and thus to set up the side wall panels during assembly, but they also prevent the side wall panels from lifting off the base panel, since they are guided in the rails of the base panel in the lifting direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. This fixed guidance can be achieved, for example, with the help of L-angles, which are attached to the guide roller axle and grip under rails mounted on the side of the base plate. The guide rollers also make it easier to dismantle the high-rise building element by making it easier to collapse the high-rise building element. In order to fix the side wall elements in their upright position, folding stiffening elements can also be provided, as will be explained in more detail below.

Um den Aufbau zu erleichtern wird zudem vorgeschlagen, dass die Bodenseitenplatten an ihren im Transportzustand einander zugewandten Längsseiten mit Rollen versehen sind. Mithilfe dieser Rollen rollt die jeweilige Bodenseitenplatte im Zuge des Ausschwenkvorganges im Bereich des Ausschwenkwinkels von 90°-180° am Untergrund ab und erleichtert somit den Ausschwenkvorgang. Falls eine Bodenverlängerungsplatte vorgesehen ist, ruht sie in diesem Ausschwenkbereich auf der Bodenseitenplatte und kann nach vollständigem Ausschwenken der Bodenseitenplatte ausgeklappt werden.In order to facilitate the construction, it is also proposed that the bottom side panels are provided with rollers on their longitudinal sides that face one another in the transport state. With the help of these rollers, the respective bottom side panel rolls off the ground during the swing-out process in the range of the swing-out angle of 90°-180°, thus facilitating the swiveling process. If a floor extension panel is provided, it rests on the floor side panel in this swing-out area and can be swung out after the floor side panel has been swung out completely.

Um das Ausschwenken der Deckenseitenplatten zu erleichtern und die Deckenseitenplatten im ausgeschwenkten Zustand zu lagern wird vorgeschlagen, dass die Deckenplatte an ihren Breitseiten im Aufbauzustand jeweils mit einem Träger als Auflager der beiden ausgeschwenkten Deckenseitenplatten versehen ist. Die Träger werden dabei etwa nach dem Ausschwenken der Bodenseitenplatten sowie der Bodenverlängerungsplatten und nach dem Hochziehen der Deckenplatte, aber vor dem Ausschwenken der Deckenseitenplatten montiert.In order to facilitate the swinging out of the ceiling side panels and to store the ceiling side panels in the swung-out state, it is proposed that the ceiling panel is provided on its broad sides with a carrier as a support for the two swung-out ceiling side panels. The carriers are installed after the bottom side panels and the floor extension panels have been pivoted out and after the top panel has been pulled up, but before the top side panels are pivoted out.

Wie bereits erwähnt wurde, sind im Aufbauzustand zwischen den ausgeschwenkten Deckenseitenplatten und den ausgeschwenkten Bodenseitenplatten vorzugsweise Versteifungselemente in Form von Wandelementen, Türelementen oder Fensterelementen angeordnet. Diese Versteifungselemente werden nach erfolgtem Aufbau des Hochbauelements montiert und sind in ihren Abmessungen vorzugsweise so ausgeführt, dass sie exakt zwischen die Bodenseitenplatten und die Deckenseitenplatten sowie zwischen den allfällig vorhandenen Bodenverlängerungsplatten und den Deckenverlängerungsplatten eingefügt werden können, um einen raschen Aufbau zu ermöglichen.As already mentioned, stiffening elements in the form of wall elements, door elements or window elements are preferably arranged in the assembly state between the pivoted-out top side panels and the pivoted-out bottom side panels. These stiffening elements are installed after the construction of the building element has been completed and their dimensions are preferably designed so that they can be inserted exactly between the floor side panels and the ceiling side panels and between any floor extension panels and the ceiling extension panels in order to enable rapid assembly.

Wie bereits ausgeführt wurde, lassen sich mehrere erfindungsgemäße Hochbauelemente zu einem Gebäude kombinieren. Es wird daher ein Gebäude mit mehreren aneinander und/oder übereinander angeordneten Hochbauelementen vorgeschlagen, wie noch näher ausgeführt werden wird.As has already been stated, several building elements according to the invention can be combined into one building. Therefore, a building with several high-rise building elements arranged next to one another and/or one above the other is proposed, as will be explained in more detail below.

Die Erfindung wird in weiterer Folge anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen mithilfe der beiliegenden Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigen hierbei die

  • Fig. 1 eine schematische Ansicht des Transportpakets, das auf einem Lastkraftwagen angeliefert und mit einem Ladekran entladen wird,
  • Fig. 2a das am Ort des Aufbaus abgesetzte Transportpaket,
  • Fig. 2b das Transportpaket der Fig. 2a während des Ausschwenkens der Bodenseitenplatten,
  • Fig. 2c das Transportpaket der Fig. 2b mit ausgeschwenkten Bodenseitenplatten und auf den Bodenseitenplatten aufliegenden Bodenverlängerungsplatten,
  • Fig. 2d das Transportpaket der Fig. 2c während des Ausschwenkens der Bodenverlängerungsplatten und der Montage der stirnseitigen, unteren Träger,
  • Fig. 2e das Transportpaket der Fig. 2d während des Hochziehens der Seitenwandplatten durch Anheben der Deckenplatte,
  • Fig. 2f das Transportpaket der Fig. 2e während der Montage der stirnseitigen, oberen Träger in Querachsrichtung,
  • Fig. 2g das Transportpaket der Fig. 2f während des Ausschwenkens der Deckenseitenplatten und der Deckenverlängerungsplatten,
  • Fig. 2h das Transportpaket der Fig. 2g während der Montage der stirnseitigen, oberen Träger in Längsachsrichtung,
  • Fig. 2i das erfindungsgemäße Hochbauelement im Aufbauzustand,
  • Fig. 3a eine Ansicht des Transportpakets am Ort des Aufbaus in Längsachsrichtung,
  • Fig. 3b das Transportpaket der Fig. 3a während des Ausschwenkens der Bodenseitenplatten,
  • Fig. 3c eine Detailansicht einer am Untergrund abrollenden Bodenseitenplatte,
  • Fig. 3d das Transportpaket der Fig. 3b mit ausgeschwenkten Bodenseitenplatten und während des Ausschwenkens der Bodenverlängerungsplatten,
  • Fig. 3e das Transportpaket der Fig. 3d nach Montage der stirnseitigen, unteren Träger,
  • Fig. 3f das Transportpaket der Fig. 3e während des Hochziehens der Seitenwandplatten durch Anheben der Deckenplatte in Querachsrichtung gesehen,
  • Fig. 3g das Transportpaket der Fig. 3f mit aufrecht stehenden Seitenwandplatten und Aussteifungselementen in Querachsrichtung gesehen,
  • Fig. 3h das Transportpaket der Fig. 3g während der Montage der in Querachsrichtung verlaufenden stirnseitigen, oberen Träger,
  • Fig. 3i das Transportpaket der Fig. 3g während des Ausschwenkens der Deckenseitenplatten und der Deckenverlängerungsplatten,
  • Fig. 3j das Transportpaket der Fig. 3i zur Illustration der Holzrippenplatten,
  • Fig. 3k das erfindungsgemäße Hochbauelement im Aufbauzustand,
  • Fig. 4 eine Detailansicht von "Detail A" der Fig. 3f,
  • Fig. 5 eine Detailansicht von "Detail B" der Fig. 3f,
  • Fig. 6 eine weitere Ansicht von "Detail B" der Fig. 3f,
  • Fig. 7 eine weitere Ansicht von "Detail C" der Fig. 3f,
  • Fig. 8 das erfindungsgemäße Hochbauelement im Aufbauzustand von oben gesehen,
  • Fig. 9 das erfindungsgemäße Hochbauelement im Aufbauzustand in Querachsrichtung gesehen,
  • Fig. 10 eine schematische Ansicht mehrerer Hochbauelemente gemäß der Erfindung, die nebeneinander und übereinander kombiniert werden,
  • Fig. 11 einen Querschnitt eines Hochbauplans einer Deckenkonstruktion mit auskragendem Dachelement und Warmdachkonstruktion, und die
  • Fig. 12 einen Querschnitt eines Hochbauplans des Bodenbereiches eines Hochbauelements gemäß der Erfindung, sowie des Deckenbereiches eines darunter liegenden Hochbauelements gemäß der Erfindung.
The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments with the aid of the accompanying drawings. It shows the
  • 1 a schematic view of the transport package that is delivered on a truck and unloaded with a loading crane,
  • Figure 2a the transport package dropped off at the place of assembly,
  • Figure 2b the transport package Figure 2a while swinging out the bottom side plates,
  • Figure 2c the transport package Figure 2b with swung out floor side panels and floor extension panels resting on the floor side panels,
  • Fig. 2d the transport package Figure 2c while swinging out the floor extension plates and assembling the front, lower beams,
  • Figure 2e the transport package Fig. 2d while raising the side wall panels by lifting the ceiling panel,
  • Fig. 2f the transport package Figure 2e during assembly of the front, upper beams in the direction of the transverse axis,
  • 2g the transport package Fig. 2f while swinging out the ceiling side panels and the ceiling extension panels,
  • Fig. 2h the transport package 2g during assembly of the front, upper beams in the direction of the longitudinal axis,
  • Figure 2i the building element according to the invention in the assembled state,
  • Figure 3a a view of the transport package at the place of assembly in the longitudinal direction,
  • Figure 3b the transport package Figure 3a while swinging out the bottom side plates,
  • 3c a detailed view of a bottom side plate rolling on the ground,
  • 3d the transport package Figure 3b with the floor side panels swung out and while the floor extension panels are swiveled out,
  • Figure 3e the transport package 3d after assembly of the front, lower beams,
  • Fig. 3f the transport package Figure 3e seen during the raising of the side wall panels by raising the ceiling panel in the direction of the transverse axis,
  • 3g the transport package Fig. 3f with upright side wall panels and stiffening elements viewed in the direction of the transverse axis,
  • Fig. 3h the transport package 3g during the assembly of the front, upper beams running in the direction of the transverse axis,
  • Figure 3i the transport package 3g while swinging out the ceiling side panels and the ceiling extension panels,
  • Fig. 3j the transport package Figure 3i to illustrate the wooden rib plates,
  • 3k the building element according to the invention in the assembled state,
  • 4 a detail view of "Detail A" of the Fig. 3f ,
  • figure 5 a detail view of "Detail B" of the Fig. 3f ,
  • 6 another view of "Detail B" of the Fig. 3f ,
  • 7 another view of "Detail C" of the Fig. 3f ,
  • 8 the building element according to the invention in the construction state seen from above,
  • 9 the building element according to the invention in the construction state seen in the direction of the transverse axis,
  • 10 a schematic view of several building elements according to the invention, which are combined side by side and one above the other,
  • 11 a cross-section of a structural plan of a ceiling construction with cantilevered roof element and warm roof construction, and the
  • 12 a cross-section of a building plan of the bottom area of a building element according to the invention, and the ceiling area of an underlying building element according to the invention.

Zunächst wird auf die Fig. 1-3 Bezug genommen, um das erfindungsgemäße Hochbauelement in seinem Transportzustand und in seinem Aufbauzustand in seiner grundsätzlichen Funktionsweise zu erläutern. Die Fig. 1 zeigt das Hochbauelement in seinem Transportzustand als Transportpaket 1, wie es etwa mithilfe eines Lastkraftwagens an den Ort des Aufbaus transportiert wird. Die Abmessungen des Transportpakets 1 können dabei so gewählt werden, dass es eine Maximallänge von 12m Länge und eine Maximalbreite von 2,5m nicht überschreitet. Es wird etwa mithilfe eines mobilen Ladekrans mithilfe von Tragseilen 2 vom Lastkraftwagen abgehoben und am gewünschten Ort des Aufbaus abgesetzt. Das Transportpaket 1 wird im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel aus einer Bodenplatte 3, einer Deckenplatte 4, zwei unterhalb der Bodenplatte 3 angeordnete Bodenseitenplatten 5a,5b, zwei unterhalb der Bodenseitenplatten 5a,5b angeordnete Bodenverlängerungsplatten 6a,6b, zwei oberhalb der Deckenplatte 4 angeordnete Deckenseitenplatten 7a,7b, zwei oberhalb der Deckenseitenplatten 7a,5b angeordnete Deckenverlängerungsplatten 8a,8b, sowie zwei Seitenwandplatten 9a,9b gebildet, die zwischen der Bodenplatte 3 und der Deckenplatte 4 angeordnet sind (siehe auch Fig. 3a). Die Bodenplatte 3, die Deckenplatte 4, die Bodenseitenplatten 5a,5b, die Bodenverlängerungsplatten 6a,6b, die Deckenseitenplatten 7a, 7b und die Deckenverlängerungsplatten 8a,8b sind vorzugsweise als Holzrippenplatten ausgeführt, wie im Zusammenhang mit detaillierteren Darstellungen noch näher ausgeführt werden wird, und die Seitenwandplatten 9a, 9b aus Brettsperrholzplatten (BSP). Die schwenkbaren Verbindungen werden dabei mithilfe von Scharnieren zwischen den einzelnen Platten hergestellt.First on the Figures 1-3 Reference is made to explain the basic functioning of the building element according to the invention in its transport state and in its erection state. The 1 shows the building element in its transport state as a transport package 1, as it is transported to the place of construction with the help of a truck, for example. The dimensions of the transport package 1 can be chosen so that it does not exceed a maximum length of 12 m and a maximum width of 2.5 m. It is lifted off the truck with the help of a mobile loading crane using support ropes 2 and set down at the desired place of construction. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the transport package 1 consists of a base panel 3, a cover panel 4, two base side panels 5a, 5b arranged below the base panel 3, two base extension panels 6a, 6b arranged below the base side panels 5a, 5b, two cover side panels 7a, 7b arranged above the cover panel 4 , two ceiling extension panels 8a, 8b arranged above the ceiling side panels 7a, 5b, and two side wall panels 9a, 9b, which are arranged between the floor panel 3 and the ceiling panel 4 (see also Figure 3a ). The floor panel 3, the ceiling panel 4, the floor side panels 5a, 5b, the floor extension panels 6a, 6b, the ceiling side panels 7a, 7b and the ceiling extension panels 8a, 8b are preferably designed as wooden rib panels, as will be explained in more detail in connection with more detailed illustrations, and the side wall panels 9a, 9b made of cross laminated timber panels (CLT). The swiveling connections are made with the help of hinges between the individual panels.

Nach dem Absetzen wird eine in der Fig. 2 nicht ersichtliche Fixierung gelöst, sodass die Bodenseitenplatten 5 und die Bodenverlängerungsplatten 6 relativ zur Bodenplatte 3 verschwenkbar werden. Durch Anheben des Transportpakets 1 bei gelöster Fixierung schwenken die Bodenseitenplatten 5 und die Bodenverlängerungsplatten 6 aufgrund ihres Eigengewichts nach unten, und zwar in einer Schwenkbewegung um untere Längsschwenkachsen Lua, Lub, die jeweils zur Längsachse der Bodenplatte 3 parallel verlaufen (siehe auch Fig. 3b). Die Bodenseitenplatten 5a, 5b sind hierfür jeweils entlang einer ersten Längsseite der jeweiligen Bodenseitenplatte 5a, 5b an der Bodenplatte 3 beispielsweise mithilfe eines Scharniers um die jeweilige untere Längsschwenkachse Lua, Lub schwenkbar befestigt. An ihren gegenüberliegenden, im Transportzustand einander zugewandten Längsseiten der Bodenseitenplatten 5a, 5b sind jeweils Bodenverlängerungsplatten 6a, 6b schwenkbar befestigt, etwa ebenfalls mithilfe von Scharnieren. Die Bodenverlängerungsplatten 6a, 6b werden gemeinsam mit den Bodenseitenplatten 5a, 5b verschwenkt, und zwar um einen Ausschwenkwinkel von 180°, bis das jeweilige Paket von Bodenseitenplatte 5a, 5b und Bodenverlängerungsplatte 6a, 6b neben der Bodenplatte 3 am Untergrund aufliegt (siehe Fig. 2c). Um diesen Ausschwenkvorgang im Bereich des Ausschwenkwinkels von 90°-180° zu erleichtern, sind die Bodenseitenplatten 5a, 5b an ihren im Transportzustand einander zugewandten Längsseiten jeweils mit Rollen 10 versehen (siehe Fig. 3c). Mithilfe dieser Rollen 10 rollt die jeweilige Bodenseitenplatte 5a, 5b im Zuge des Ausschwenkvorganges im Bereich des Ausschwenkwinkels von 90°-180° am Untergrund ab. Nach vollständigem Ausschwenken der Bodenseitenplatte 5 kann die darauf liegende Bodenverlängerungsplatte 6, gegebenenfalls unter vorherigem Lösen einer Fixierung, ausgeklappt werden, und zwar durch Verschwenken der Bodenverlängerungsplatte 6 um einen Winkel von 180° um eine zur unteren Längsschwenkachse Lu parallele Schwenkachse S (siehe Fig. 2d und 3d).After weaning, one in the 2 fixed that is not visible, so that the bottom side plates 5 and the bottom extension plates 6 can be pivoted relative to the bottom plate 3 . By lifting the transport package 1 with dissolved fixation pivot the bottom side plates 5 and the Floor extension plates 6 due to their own weight downwards, specifically in a pivoting movement about lower longitudinal pivot axes Lua, Lub, each of which runs parallel to the longitudinal axis of the floor plate 3 (see also Figure 3b ). For this purpose, the bottom side panels 5a, 5b are fastened to the bottom panel 3 along a first longitudinal side of the respective bottom side panel 5a, 5b, for example by means of a hinge so as to be pivotable about the respective lower longitudinal pivot axis Lua, Lub. Floor extension panels 6a, 6b are attached pivotably to their opposite longitudinal sides of the floor side panels 5a, 5b, which face one another in the transport state, for example likewise with the aid of hinges. The floor extension panels 6a, 6b are pivoted together with the floor side panels 5a, 5b, specifically through a pivoting angle of 180°, until the respective package of floor side panel 5a, 5b and floor extension panel 6a, 6b rests on the ground next to the floor panel 3 (see Fig Figure 2c ). In order to facilitate this pivoting process in the range of the pivoting angle of 90°-180°, the bottom side panels 5a, 5b are each provided with rollers 10 on their longitudinal sides facing one another in the transport state (see Fig 3c ). With the aid of these rollers 10, the respective base side plate 5a, 5b rolls off the ground in the course of the pivoting process in the region of the pivoting angle of 90°-180°. After the base side plate 5 has been pivoted out completely, the base extension plate 6 lying on it can be folded out, if necessary with prior release of a fixing, by pivoting the base extension plate 6 through an angle of 180° about a pivot axis S parallel to the lower longitudinal pivot axis Lu (see Fig. 2d and 3d ).

Die Grundfläche der Bodenplattenanordnung bestehend aus Bodenplatte 3, Bodenseitenplatten 5 und Bodenverlängerungsplatten 6 wurde somit verdreifacht. Zur Versteifung der Bodenplattenkonstruktion können stirnseitig untere Träger 11, beispielsweise aus Brettschichtholz (BSH), montiert werden, die die Bodenplattenkonstruktion umrahmen. Zwei in Querachsrichtung verlaufende, untere Träger 11uq werden dabei an die in Querachsrichtung verlaufenden Stirnseiten der Bodenplatte 3, Bodenseitenplatten 5 und Bodenverlängerungsplatten 6 montiert, und zwei in Längsachsrichtung verlaufende, untere Träger 11ul werden dabei an die in Längsachsrichtung verlaufenden Stirnseiten der Bodenverlängerungsplatten 6 montiert (siehe Fig. 2d und 3e).The base area of the floor panel arrangement consisting of floor panel 3, floor side panels 5 and floor extension panels 6 has thus been tripled. To stiffen the floor panel construction, lower beams 11, for example made of glued laminated timber (BSH), can be mounted on the face side, which frame the floor panel construction. Two lower supports 11uq running in the direction of the transverse axis are connected to the ones running in the direction of the transverse axis Front sides of the base plate 3, base side plates 5 and base extension plates 6 are mounted, and two lower supports 11ul running in the longitudinal direction are mounted on the front sides of the base extension plates 6 running in the longitudinal direction (see Fig Fig. 2d and 3e ).

In weiterer Folge kann mithilfe des Ladekrans und der Tragseile 2 die Deckenplatte 4 angehoben werden, wodurch auch die an der Deckenplatte 4 schwenkbar befestigten Seitenwandplatten 9a, 9b hochgezogen werden, bis sie schließlich eine stehende Anordnung erreichen (siehe Fig. 2e und 3f). Die Seitenwandplatten 9a, 9b sind hierfür jeweils entlang einer ersten Breitseite der jeweiligen Seitenwandplatte 9a, 9b an der Deckenplatte 4 mithilfe von Scharnieren um eine jeweilige Querschwenkachse Qa, Qb schwenkbar befestigt. Die Fig. 4 zeigt hierzu eine der Seitenwandplatten 9a in einer eingeklappten Lage gemäß des Transportzustands und einer annähernd vollständig hochgeklappten Lage. Die Deckenplatte 4 ist als Holzrippenplatte ausgeführt. An ihrer gegenüberliegenden, im Transportzustand einander zugewandten Breitseiten weisen die beiden Seitenwandplatten 9a, 9b jeweils Führungsrollen 12 auf, die in Schienen 13 der Bodenplatte 3 parallel zur Längsachse der Bodenplatte 3 verschiebbar und in Hubrichtung senkrecht zur Längsachse fixiert geführt sind, wie in den Fig. 3f, Fig. 5 und Fig. 6 ersichtlich ist. Die Führungsrollen 12 erleichtern einerseits das Hochziehen der Deckenplatte 4 und somit das Aufstellen der Seitenwandplatten 9a, 9b im Zuge des Aufbaus, verhindern aber auch ein Abheben der Seitenwandplatten 9a, 9b von der Bodenplatte 3, da sie in den Schienen 13 der Bodenplatte 3 in Hubrichtung senkrecht zur Längsachse fixiert geführt sind. Diese fixierte Führung kann etwa mithilfe von L-Winkel 14 erfolgen, die an der Führungsrollenachse befestigt sind und die seitlich an der Bodenplatte 3 montierte Schienen 13 untergreifen (siehe Fig. 6). Die Führungsrollen 12 erleichtern zudem den Rückbau des Hochbauelements, indem sie das Zusammenklappen des Hochbauelements erleichtern. Um die Seitenwandelemente 9a, 9b in ihrer aufrecht stehenden Position zu fixieren sind des Weiteren klappbare Aussteifungselemente 15 vorgesehen, wie in der Fig. 7 ersichtlich ist. Gemäß der Ausführungsform der Fig. 7 sind die Aussteifungselemente 15 jeweils als zwei Schenkel ausgeführt, die im Transportzustand aneinander geklappt sind, und im Aufbauzustand eine gestreckte Konfiguration einnehmen, sodass Stützkräfte entlang der nun gemeinsamen Längsachse der beiden Schenkel übertragen werden können, wie in der Fig. 3g ersichtlich ist. Die beiden Seitenwandplatten 9a, 9b sind somit in ihrer aufrechten Position gesichert.Subsequently, the ceiling panel 4 can be lifted with the aid of the loading crane and the support ropes 2, whereby the side wall panels 9a, 9b, which are pivotably attached to the ceiling panel 4, are also pulled up until they finally reach a standing arrangement (see Fig Figure 2e and 3f ). For this purpose, the side wall panels 9a, 9b are each fastened to the cover panel 4 by means of hinges along a first broad side of the respective side wall panel 9a, 9b so as to be pivotable about a respective transverse pivot axis Qa, Qb. The 4 1 shows one of the side wall panels 9a in a folded-in position according to the transport state and in an almost completely folded-up position. The ceiling panel 4 is designed as a ribbed wood panel. On their opposite broad sides, which face one another in the transport state, the two side wall panels 9a, 9b each have guide rollers 12, which are guided in rails 13 of the base plate 3 so that they can be displaced parallel to the longitudinal axis of the base plate 3 and are fixed in the lifting direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, as shown in FIGS Fig. 3f, Fig. 5 and 6 is evident. The guide rollers 12 make it easier to pull up the top panel 4 and thus raise the side wall panels 9a, 9b during assembly, but also prevent the side wall panels 9a, 9b from lifting off the base panel 3, since they are in the rails 13 of the base panel 3 in the lifting direction are fixed perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. This fixed guidance can be achieved, for example, with the help of L-angles 14, which are fastened to the guide roller axis and which grip underneath the rails 13 mounted laterally on the base plate 3 (see Fig 6 ). The guide rollers 12 also make it easier to dismantle the building element by facilitating the folding of the building element. In order to fix the side wall elements 9a, 9b in their upright position, foldable stiffening elements 15 are also provided, as shown in FIG the 7 is evident. According to the embodiment of 7 the stiffening elements 15 are each designed as two legs, which are folded onto one another in the transport state and assume a stretched configuration in the assembly state, so that supporting forces can be transmitted along the now common longitudinal axis of the two legs, as in FIG 3g is evident. The two side wall panels 9a, 9b are thus secured in their upright position.

In weiterer Folge werden stirnseitig zwei in Querrichtung verlaufende, obere Träger 11oq, beispielsweise aus Brettschichtholz (BSH), montiert, und zwar an die in Querachsrichtung verlaufenden Stirnseiten der Deckenplatte 4, wie in den Fig. 2f und 3h ersichtlich ist. Diese in Querrichtung verlaufenden, oberen Träger 11oq dienen als Auflager für das nachfolgende Ausschwenken der Deckenseitenplatten 7a, 7b sowie der zunächst darauf aufliegenden Deckenverlängerungsplatten 8a, 8b.Subsequently, two upper beams 11oq running in the transverse direction, for example made of glued laminated timber (BSH), are mounted on the front side, namely on the front sides of the ceiling panel 4 running in the transverse axis direction, as in FIGS Fig. 2f and 3 hours is evident. These upper beams 110q running in the transverse direction serve as supports for the subsequent pivoting out of the ceiling side panels 7a, 7b and the ceiling extension panels 8a, 8b initially resting on them.

Die Deckenseitenplatten 7a, 7b sind hierfür jeweils entlang einer ersten Längsseite der jeweiligen Deckenseitenplatte 7a, 7b an der Deckenplatte 4 beispielsweise mithilfe eines Scharniers um eine jeweilige obere Längsschwenkachse Loa, Lob schwenkbar befestigt. An ihren gegenüberliegenden, im Transportzustand einander zugewandten Längsseiten der Deckenseitenplatten 7a, 7b sind jeweils Deckenverlängerungsplatten 8a, 8b schwenkbar befestigt, etwa ebenfalls mithilfe von Scharnieren. Die Deckenverlängerungsplatten 8a, 8b werden gemeinsam mit den Deckenseitenplatten 7a, 7b verschwenkt, wobei die Deckenseitenplatten 7a, 7b jeweils einen Ausschwenkwinkel von 180° beschreiben, und die Deckenverlängerungsplatten 8a, 8b zunächst einen Ausschwenkwinkel von 90° in einem ersten Drehsinn und in weiterer Folge einen Ausschwenkwinkel von 90° im entgegengesetzten Drehsinn, bis die Deckenseitenplatten 7a, 7b und die Deckenverlängerungsplatten 8a, 8b neben der Deckenplatte 4 zu liegen kommen und eine Ebene beschreiben (siehe Fig. 2g, Fig. 2h und Fig. 3i, 3j und Fig. 3k). Um diesen Ausschwenkvorgang im Bereich des Ausschwenkwinkels der beiden Deckenseitenplatten 7a, 7b von 90°-180° zu erleichtern, sind die Deckenverlängerungsplatten 8a, 8b an ihren im Transportzustand einander abgewandten Längsseiten jeweils mit Laufrollen 16 versehen (siehe Fig. 3h und 3i). Mithilfe dieser Laufrollen 16 rollt die jeweilige Deckenverlängerungsplatte 8a, 8b im Zuge des Ausschwenkvorganges an den in Querachsrichtung verlaufenden, oberen Trägern 11oq ab. Die Deckfläche der Deckenplattenanordnung bestehend aus Deckenplatte 4, Deckenseitenplatten 7 und Deckenverlängerungsplatten 8 wurde somit analog zur Bodenplattenanordnung verdreifacht.For this purpose, the top side panels 7a, 7b are fastened to the top panel 4 along a first longitudinal side of the respective top side panel 7a, 7b, for example by means of a hinge, such that they can pivot about a respective upper longitudinal pivot axis Loa, Lob. Cover extension panels 8a, 8b are pivotally attached to their opposite longitudinal sides of the cover side panels 7a, 7b, which face one another in the transport state, for example likewise with the aid of hinges. The ceiling extension panels 8a, 8b are pivoted together with the ceiling side panels 7a, 7b, with the ceiling side panels 7a, 7b each describing a pivoting angle of 180°, and the ceiling extension panels 8a, 8b initially a pivoting angle of 90° in a first direction of rotation and then one Swivel angle of 90° in the opposite direction of rotation until the ceiling side panels 7a, 7b and the ceiling extension panels 8a, 8b come to rest next to the ceiling panel 4 and describe a plane (see 2g , Fig. 2h and Figures 3i, 3j and 3k ). In order to facilitate this swing-out process in the area of the swing-out angle of the two ceiling side panels 7a, 7b of 90°-180°, the ceiling extension panels 8a, 8b are each provided with rollers 16 on their long sides which face away from one another in the transport state (see Figures 3h and 3i ). With the aid of these rollers 16, the respective ceiling extension plate 8a, 8b rolls off the upper supports 11oq running in the direction of the transverse axis in the course of the pivoting process. The top surface of the ceiling panel arrangement consisting of ceiling panel 4, ceiling side panels 7 and ceiling extension panels 8 has thus been tripled in analogy to the floor panel arrangement.

Die Fig. 3j zeigt eine Ausführungsform, bei der die Deckenplatte 4, die Deckenseitenplatten 7 und die Deckenverlängerungplatten 8 jeweils als Holzrippenplatten ausgeführt sind, die über Scharniere miteinander schwenkbar verbunden sind. Die Rippen der Holzrippenplatten zeigen dabei im Aufbauzustand jeweils nach oben. Auch die Bodenplatte 3, die Bodenseitenplatten 5 und die Bodenverlängerungplatten 6 sind jeweils als Holzrippenplatten ausgeführt, die über Scharniere miteinander schwenkbar verbunden sind, wobei die Rippen der Holzrippenplatten im Aufbauzustand jeweils nach unten zeigen.The Fig. 3j shows an embodiment in which the ceiling panel 4, the ceiling side panels 7 and the ceiling extension panels 8 are each designed as wooden rib panels which are pivotally connected to one another via hinges. The ribs of the wooden ribbed panels point upwards when assembled. The floor panel 3, the floor side panels 5 and the floor extension panels 6 are each designed as wooden rib panels which are pivotally connected to one another via hinges, the ribs of the wooden rib panels pointing downwards in the assembled state.

Zur weiteren Versteifung der Deckenplattenkonstruktion werden stirnseitig in Längsachsrichtung verlaufende, obere Träger 11ol, beispielsweise aus Brettschichtholz (BSH), an die in Längsachsrichtung verlaufenden Stirnseiten der Deckenverlängerungsplatten 8a, 8b montiert, sodass die Umrahmung der Deckenplattenkonstruktion gemeinsam mit den in Querachsrichtung verlaufenden, oberen Trägern 11oq komplettiert wird (siehe Fig. 2h). Die Fig. 8 zeigt hierzu das erfindungsgemäße Hochbauelement im Aufbauzustand von oben gesehen, wobei die Deckenplatte 4, die seitlich danebenliegenden Deckenseitenplatten 7 und die Deckenverlängerungsplatten 8 ersichtlich sind, sowie die umrahmenden oberen Träger 11o.To further stiffen the ceiling panel construction, upper beams 11ol, for example made of glued laminated timber (BSH), running in the longitudinal direction are mounted on the front sides of the ceiling extension panels 8a, 8b running in the longitudinal direction, so that the framing of the ceiling panel construction together with the upper beams 11oq running in the transverse direction is completed (see Fig. 2h ). The 8 shows the building element according to the invention in the assembled state viewed from above, with the ceiling panel 4, the laterally adjacent ceiling side panels 7 and the ceiling extension panels 8 being visible, as well as the framing upper beams 11o.

In der Fig. 2i ist die zusätzliche Anordnung von Stahlrohraussteifungen 17 ersichtlich, die die im Aufbauzustand äußeren Längsseiten der Bodenverlängerungsplatten 6 und der Deckenverlängerungsplatten 8 miteinander verbinden.In the Figure 2i the additional arrangement of tubular steel reinforcements 17 can be seen, the outer longitudinal sides of the in the construction state Connect the floor extension panels 6 and the ceiling extension panels 8 to one another.

Die Fig. 9 zeigt das erfindungsgemäße Hochbauelement im Aufbauzustand in Querachsrichtung gesehen, wobei eine Stahlrohraussteifung 17 ersichtlich ist, sowie ein Versteifungselement 18, das in der Fig. 9 als Türelement ausgeführt ist. Das Versteifungselement 18 ist in der Fig. 9 im Aufbauzustand zwischen den ausgeschwenkten Deckenverlängerungsplatten 8 und den ausgeschwenkten Bodenverlängerungsplatten 6 angeordnet. Diese Versteifungselemente 18 werden nach erfolgtem Aufbau des Hochbauelements montiert und sind in ihren Abmessungen vorzugsweise so ausgeführt, dass sie exakt zwischen die Bodenverlängerungsplatten 6 und die Deckenverlängerungsplatten 8 sowie zwischen den Bodenseitenplatten 5 und den Deckenseitenplatten 7 eingefügt werden können, um einen raschen Aufbau zu ermöglichen. Mithilfe weiterer Versteifungselemente 18 in Form von Wand-, Fenster- und Türelementen wird das Hochbauelement in seinem gesamten Umfang geschlossen.The 9 shows the building element according to the invention in the construction state seen in the direction of the transverse axis, with a tubular steel stiffener 17 being visible, and a stiffening element 18 which is in FIG 9 designed as a door element. The stiffening element 18 is in the 9 arranged in the assembled state between the swung-out ceiling extension panels 8 and the swung-out floor extension panels 6. These stiffening elements 18 are installed after the building element has been assembled and are preferably dimensioned in such a way that they can be inserted exactly between the floor extension panels 6 and the ceiling extension panels 8 and between the floor side panels 5 and the ceiling side panels 7 in order to enable rapid assembly. With the help of further stiffening elements 18 in the form of wall, window and door elements, the building element is closed over its entire circumference.

Wie bereits ausgeführt wurde, lassen sich mehrere erfindungsgemäße Hochbauelemente zu einem Gebäude kombinieren, indem sie aneinander und/oder übereinander angeordnet werden. Die Fig. 10 zeigt hierfür eine schematische Ansicht mehrerer Hochbauelemente gemäß der Erfindung, die entlang der gezeigten Pfeilrichtungen nebeneinander und übereinander kombiniert werden. Auf diese Weise können Gebäude mit beliebiger Grundfläche und mehreren Geschossen verwirklicht werden.As has already been explained, several building elements according to the invention can be combined to form a building by being arranged next to one another and/or one above the other. The 10 shows a schematic view of several high-rise building elements according to the invention, which are combined next to one another and one above the other along the directions of the arrows shown. In this way, buildings with any floor area and several floors can be realized.

Die Fig. 11 zeigt hierfür zunächst einen Querschnitt eines Hochbauplans einer Deckenkonstruktion mit auskragendem Dachelement 19 und einer Warmdachkonstruktion 20, und die Fig. 12 einen Querschnitt eines Hochbauplans des Bodenbereiches eines Hochbauelements gemäß der Erfindung, sowie des Deckenbereiches eines darunter liegenden Hochbauelements gemäß der Erfindung. Die Warmdachkonstruktion 20 umfasst eine Abdeckung in Form einer Brettsperrholzplatte, die die nach oben ragenden Rippen der als Holzrippenplatten ausgeführten Deckenplatte 4, der Deckenseitenplatten 7 und der Deckenverlängerungsplatten 8 abdecken und mit einer bituminösen Dampfsperre abgedichtet wird, sowie allfällige zusätzliche Dachaufbauten. Zudem können zusätzliche Beschattungselemente 21 als äußerste Gebäudehülle vorgesehen sein. In der Fig. 12 ist ein zusätzlich angeordnetes Balkonelement 25 ersichtlich. Die sich zwischen den Rippen der Holzrippenplatten ergebenden Zwischenräume können mit Dämmmaterial 23 zur thermischen Isolierung sowie zur Luft- und Trittschallisolierung versehen sein. Diese Zwischenräume können aber auch als Installationsbereiche für haustechnische Einrichtungen für Lüftung und Heizung benutzt werden. Die in Längsachsrichtung verlaufenden Freiräume zwischen der Bodenplatte 3, den Bodenseitenplatten 5 und den Bodenverlängerungsplatten 6, sowie zwischen der Deckenplatte 4, den Deckenseitenplatten 7 und den Deckenverlängerungsplatten 8 können als Installationskanäle 22 beispielsweise für elektrische Leitungen genutzt werden.The 11 shows this first a cross section of a structural plan of a ceiling structure with cantilevered roof element 19 and a warm roof structure 20, and the 12 a cross-section of a building plan of the floor area of a building element according to the invention, as well as the ceiling area of an underlying building element according to the invention. The warm roof structure 20 includes a cover in the form of a cross-laminated timber panel, the ribs designed as wooden rib panels up the ceiling panel 4, the ceiling side panels 7 and the cover the ceiling extension panels 8 and seal them with a bituminous vapor barrier, as well as any additional roof structures. In addition, additional shading elements 21 can be provided as the outermost building shell. In the 12 an additionally arranged balcony element 25 can be seen. The gaps between the ribs of the wooden ribbed panels can be provided with insulating material 23 for thermal insulation and for airborne and impact sound insulation. However, these gaps can also be used as installation areas for building services equipment for ventilation and heating. The free spaces running in the longitudinal direction between the floor panel 3, the floor side panels 5 and the floor extension panels 6, and between the ceiling panel 4, the ceiling side panels 7 and the ceiling extension panels 8 can be used as installation ducts 22, for example for electrical lines.

Die Hochbauelemente sind in sich steif und werden sowohl vertikal wie auch horizontal gekoppelt. Die horizontale Kopplung erfolge mithilfe von Kopplungselementen 24 (siehe Fig. 12). Die Holzrippenplatten sind so konzipiert, dass große Spannweiten erreicht werden können. Auf diese Weise kann auf tragende Elemente innerhalb der Hochbauelemente verzichtet werden. Freilich ist es aber möglich, innerhalb der Hochbauelemente Versteifungselemente 18 in Form von Gipskartonplatten als Raumteiler vorzusehen. Diese nichttragenden Trennwände können frei positioniert und an planerische Konzepte angepasst werden. Die Spannrichtung der Holzrippenplatten gibt vor, welche Wände tragend werden. Bei jenen Wänden, die nicht die Last der Platten zu tragen haben, besteht mehr Spielraum bei der Anzahl und Größe möglicher Öffnungen. Bei größeren Grundflächen und im mehrgeschoßigen Bau ist es zweckmäßig mehrere Hochbauelemente um einen gemeinsamen inneren Kern anzuordnen, der als Installationsschacht dient und in dessen Nähe in weiterer Folge Nassbereiche wie Bäder, Toiletten und Küchen angeordnet werden können. Auch geschoßverbindende Stiegen können im Bereich dieses inneren Kerns angeordnet werden.The structural elements are inherently rigid and are coupled both vertically and horizontally. The horizontal coupling takes place with the help of coupling elements 24 (see 12 ). The wooden ribbed panels are designed in such a way that large spans can be achieved. In this way, load-bearing elements within the building elements can be dispensed with. However, it is of course possible to provide stiffening elements 18 in the form of plasterboard as room dividers within the structural elements. These non-load-bearing partition walls can be freely positioned and adapted to planning concepts. The direction in which the wooden ribbed panels are stretched determines which walls are to be load-bearing. For those walls that do not have to bear the load of the panels, there is more leeway in the number and size of possible openings. With larger floor areas and in multi-storey buildings, it makes sense to arrange several building elements around a common inner core, which serves as an installation shaft and in the vicinity of which wet areas such as bathrooms, toilets and kitchens can subsequently be arranged. Floor-connecting staircases can also be arranged in the area of this inner core.

Mithilfe der Erfindung wird somit ein Hochbauelement bereitgestellt, das einerseits einen hohen Vorfertigungsgrad aufweist und eine rasche Herstellung variabler, gut kombinierbarer aber auch leicht rückbaubarer Raumstrukturen am Ort des Aufbaus zulässt, und andererseits auch leichter transportierbar ist als herkömmliche Hochbauelemente.With the help of the invention, a building element is thus provided which, on the one hand, has a high degree of prefabrication and allows rapid production of variable, easily combinable but also easily dismantled spatial structures at the construction site, and on the other hand is also easier to transport than conventional building elements.

Bezugszeichenliste:Reference list:

11
Transportpakettransport package
22
Tragseilesupport ropes
33
Bodenplattebottom plate
44
Deckenplatteceiling panel
55
Bodenseitenplattenbottom side panels
66
Bodenverlängerungsplattenfloor extension plates
77
Deckenseitenplattenceiling side panels
88th
Deckenverlängerungsplattenceiling extension panels
99
Seitenwandplattensidewall panels
1010
Rollenroll
11ul11ul
untere Träger in Längsachsrichtunglower beams in the longitudinal direction
11uq11uq
untere Träger in Querachsrichtunglower beams in the transverse axis direction
11ol11ol
obere Träger in Längsachsrichtungupper beams in the longitudinal direction
11oq11oq
obere Träger in Querachsrichtungupper beams in the transverse axis direction
1212
Führungsrollenguide rollers
1313
Schienenrails
1414
L-WinkelL angle
1515
Aussteifungselementebracing elements
1616
Laufrollencasters
1717
Stahlrohraussteifungentubular steel reinforcements
1818
Versteifungselementstiffening element
1919
Dachelementroof element
2020
Warmdachkonstruktionwarm roof construction
2121
Beschattungselementeshading elements
2222
Installationskanalinstallation channel
2323
Dämmmaterialinsulation material
2424
Kopplungselementcoupling element
2525
Balkonelementbalcony element
LuLu
untere Längsschwenkachsenlower longitudinal pivot axes
LoLo
obere Längsschwenkachsenupper longitudinal pivot axes
QQ
Querschwenkachsencross pivot axes
SS
Schwenkachsenpivot axes

Claims (10)

  1. Structural element comprising a base panel (3), a ceiling panel (4), and two side wall panels (9a, 9b), wherein the base panel (3) and the ceiling panel (4) each have a longitudinal axis parallel to their longer sides and a transverse axis parallel to their shorter sides, and the base panel (3) and the ceiling panel (4) are arranged with their respective longitudinal and transverse axes aligned parallel to each other, wherein two base side panels (5a, 5b) are provided which are pivotably fastened to the base panel (3) about lower longitudinal pivot axes (Lua, Lub), which in each case extend parallel to the longitudinal axis of the base panel (3), and two ceiling side panels (7a, 7b) are provided, which are fastened to the ceiling panel (4) such that they can pivot about upper longitudinal pivot axes (Loa, Lob), which in each case extend parallel to the longitudinal axis of the ceiling panel (4), and the side wall panels (9a, 9b) are pivotably fastened to the ceiling panel (4) about transverse pivot axes (Qa, Qb), which in each case extend parallel to the transverse axis of the ceiling panel (4), wherein, in a transport state, the two base side panels (5a, 5b) are arranged pivoted to one another below the base panel (3), the two ceiling side panels (7a, 7b) are arranged pivoted to one another above the ceiling panel (4), and the two side wall panels (9a, 9b) are arranged lying adjacent to one another between the base panel (3) and the ceiling panel (4), and the base side panels (5a, 5b), the base panel (3), the side wall panels (9a, 9b), the ceiling panel (4) and the ceiling side panels (7a, 7b) form a cuboid transport package (1) which can be raised and lowered together by means of a fixing, and, in an assembled state after the fixing has been released, the two base side panels (5a, 5b) are arranged swung out to the side of the base panel (3), the two ceiling side panels (7a, 7b) are arranged swung out to the side of the ceiling panel (4), and the two side wall panels (9a, 9b) are arranged upright between the base panel (3) and the ceiling panel (4).
  2. Structural element according to claim 1, characterized in that the length and width of the base panel (3) substantially correspond to the length and width of the ceiling panel (4), the length of the base side panels (5a, 5b) and the ceiling side panels (7a, 7b) are substantially equal in each case to the length of the base panel (3) and the ceiling panel (4), and the width of the base side panels (5a, 5b) and the ceiling side panels (7a, 7b) are substantially equal in each case to half the width of the base panel (3) and the ceiling panel (4).
  3. Structural element according to claim 2, characterized in that the base side panels (5a, 5b) are each pivotably fastened to the base panel (3) along a first longitudinal side of the respective base side panel (5a, 5b) about the respective lower longitudinal pivot axis (Lua, Lub), and on their opposite longitudinal sides facing each other in the transport state each have a base extension panel (6a, 6b), which are pivotably fastened to the respective base side panel (5a, 5b) about pivot axes (Sa, Sb) which each extend parallel to the respective lower longitudinal pivot axis (Lua, Lub) and can be rotated about the respective longitudinal pivot axis (Lua, Lub), and the width of the base extension panels (6a, 6b) in each case essentially corresponds to the width of the base side panel (5a, 5b).
  4. Structural element according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the ceiling side panels (7a, 7b) are each pivotably fastened to the ceiling panel (4) along a first longitudinal side of the respective ceiling side panel (7a, 7b) about the respective upper longitudinal pivot axis (Loa, Lob), and on their opposite longitudinal sides facing each other in the transport state each have a ceiling extension panel (8a, 8b), which are pivotably fastened to the respective ceiling side panel (7a, 7b) about pivot axes which each extend parallel to the respective upper longitudinal pivot axis (Loa, Lob) and are rotatable about the respective longitudinal pivot axis (Loa, Lob), and the width of the ceiling extension panels (8a, 8b) substantially corresponds in each case to the width of the ceiling side panel (7a, 7b).
  5. Structural element according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the length and width of the base panel (3) substantially correspond to the length and width of the ceiling panel (4), the width of the side wall panels (9a, 9b) substantially corresponds in each case to the width of the ceiling panel (4), and the height of the side wall panels (9a, 9b) substantially corresponds to half the length of the ceiling panel (4).
  6. Structural element according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the side wall panels (9a, 9b) are pivotably fastened in each case to the ceiling panel (4) along a first broadside of the respective side wall panel (9a, 9b) about the respective transverse pivot axis (Qa, Qb), and, on their opposite broadsides facing one another in the transport state, each have guide rollers (12) which are guided in rails (13) of the base panel (3) such that they can be displaced parallel to the longitudinal axis of the base panel (3) and are fixed in the lifting direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis.
  7. Structural element according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the base side panels (5a, 5b) are provided with rollers (10) on their longitudinal sides facing each other in the transport state.
  8. Structural element according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the ceiling panel (4) is provided on its broadsides in the assembled state in each case with a carrier (11) as a support for the two swung-out ceiling side panels (7a, 7b).
  9. Structural element according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, in the assembled state, stiffening elements (18) in the form of wall elements, door elements or window elements are arranged between the swung-out ceiling side panels (7a, 7b) and the swung-out base side panels (5a, 5b).
  10. Building having a plurality of structural elements arranged against each other and/or one above the other according to one of claims 1 to 9.
EP21176156.4A 2020-06-03 2021-05-27 Structural element Active EP3919699B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ATA50482/2020A AT523868B1 (en) 2020-06-03 2020-06-03 building element

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EP3919699A1 EP3919699A1 (en) 2021-12-08
EP3919699C0 EP3919699C0 (en) 2023-06-21
EP3919699B1 true EP3919699B1 (en) 2023-06-21

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Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5596844A (en) * 1995-02-03 1997-01-28 Kalinowski; Juan R. Foldable portable building
JP3058646U (en) * 1998-10-22 1999-06-22 三協フロンテア株式会社 Folding unit house
CA2338404A1 (en) * 2001-02-21 2002-08-21 Daniel Laprise Flexible housing
ITPD20110131A1 (en) * 2011-04-26 2012-10-27 Vidal Caterina MODULAR LIVING UNIT
US9108758B2 (en) * 2013-03-13 2015-08-18 James F. Brennan, Jr. Collapsible stackable shipping container with self-contained attachment members
CN104452970A (en) * 2014-12-08 2015-03-25 郭中伍 Portable folding house

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EP3919699C0 (en) 2023-06-21
AT523868A1 (en) 2021-12-15
AT523868B1 (en) 2022-08-15

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