EP3913317B1 - Sub-calibre projectile and method for neutralising a target implementing such a projectile - Google Patents

Sub-calibre projectile and method for neutralising a target implementing such a projectile Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3913317B1
EP3913317B1 EP21173987.5A EP21173987A EP3913317B1 EP 3913317 B1 EP3913317 B1 EP 3913317B1 EP 21173987 A EP21173987 A EP 21173987A EP 3913317 B1 EP3913317 B1 EP 3913317B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
projectile
sub
target
caliber
programming
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EP21173987.5A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3913317A1 (en
Inventor
Laurent Chauveau
Yann Quirion
Nathalie RAFFIN BARIL
Thomas CIBRARIO
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Knds Ammo France
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Nexter Munitions SA
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Publication of EP3913317A1 publication Critical patent/EP3913317A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/04—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type
    • F42B12/06—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type with hard or heavy core; Kinetic energy penetrators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B14/00—Projectiles or missiles characterised by arrangements for guiding or sealing them inside barrels, or for lubricating or cleaning barrels
    • F42B14/06—Sub-calibre projectiles having sabots; Sabots therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B10/00—Means for influencing, e.g. improving, the aerodynamic properties of projectiles or missiles; Arrangements on projectiles or missiles for stabilising, steering, range-reducing, range-increasing or fall-retarding
    • F42B10/02—Stabilising arrangements
    • F42B10/04—Stabilising arrangements using fixed fins
    • F42B10/06—Tail fins
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/20—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type
    • F42B12/201—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type characterised by target class
    • F42B12/204—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type characterised by target class for attacking structures, e.g. specific buildings or fortifications, ships or vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B14/00—Projectiles or missiles characterised by arrangements for guiding or sealing them inside barrels, or for lubricating or cleaning barrels
    • F42B14/06—Sub-calibre projectiles having sabots; Sabots therefor
    • F42B14/061—Sabots for long rod fin stabilised kinetic energy projectiles, i.e. multisegment sabots attached midway on the projectile
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B15/00—Self-propelled projectiles or missiles, e.g. rockets; Guided missiles
    • F42B15/01—Arrangements thereon for guidance or control
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C11/00—Electric fuzes
    • F42C11/06—Electric fuzes with time delay by electric circuitry
    • F42C11/065—Programmable electronic delay initiators in projectiles

Definitions

  • the technical field of the invention is that of sub-caliber projectiles and in particular sub-caliber projectiles of the large caliber arrow shell type (caliber greater than 75 mm).
  • Under-caliber projectiles are well known. They are made of a bar of perforating material, equipped with a conical front part, and carrying a stabilizing tail.
  • the bar has a caliber much lower than that of the weapon which fires the projectile (bar with a diameter of 25 to 30 mm for a weapon caliber of 120 mm).
  • the shot is made possible thanks to a sabot in the caliber of the weapon which releases the bar at the exit of the weapon tube.
  • the high speed communicated to them as well as the mass of the bar give the bars a very high armor piercing capacity.
  • thermobaric grenades The action of these thermobaric grenades is mainly exerted on the tail of the arrow projectile, the span of which is practically three times the caliber of the bar.
  • the invention according to claim 8 also proposes a method of neutralizing an objective by using such a projectile.
  • the subject of the invention is an under-calibrated arrow-type projectile configured to neutralize an objective
  • a projectile comprising a perforating bar surrounded by a sabot made of light material and allowing the projectile to be fired into a weapon, a bar which is extended by a stabilizing tail, the tail being connected to the bar by a connecting means that can be broken, the break being initiated by a control means secured to the projectile, projectile characterized in that the control means comprises a chronometric module connected to a control interface programming and which is programmed before firing or during firing so as to ensure the rupture of the connecting means at a reference distance relative to the objective which is configured for the neutralization of the objective.
  • the reference distance may be less than 200 meters.
  • the reference distance could be less than 100 meters.
  • the programming interface is a wired programming interface.
  • the programming interface is an induction programming interface.
  • the programming interface is a radio frequency programming interface.
  • the projectile may include an explosive charge whose triggering will ensure the rupture of the connecting means and the projectile may also include a safety and arming device interposed between the explosive charge and the control means.
  • the reference distance can be modified.
  • FIG. 1 shows an arrow projectile 1 which conventionally comprises a shoe 2 made of light material (such as an aluminum alloy), shoe formed of several segments and which surrounds a sub-calibrated bar 3.
  • a shoe 2 made of light material (such as an aluminum alloy), shoe formed of several segments and which surrounds a sub-calibrated bar 3.
  • the bar is made of steel or a dense tungsten-based alloy.
  • the bar has a conical front part 3a and carries at its rear part 3b a tailplane 4 ensuring its stabilization on trajectory.
  • the sabot carries a belt 5, made of plastic, which ensures sealing against propellant gases when firing into the barrel of a weapon (not shown).
  • the gases of the propellant charge exert their thrust at a part rear 6 of the shoe which is in caliber and which constitutes what is called the thrust plate.
  • the sabot 2 is intended to allow the projectile to be fired into the weapon. It is made up of several segments (most often three) which surround the bar 3 and which are in contact two by two at the joint planes.
  • the segments of the sabot 2 move away from the bar 3 under the action of the aerodynamic pressure which is exerted at the level of the front part (AV) of the sabot 2.
  • Shape-matching means (not shown), for example a thread, are interposed between the shoe 2 and the bar 3 to ensure the driving of the latter.
  • FIG 2 shows in an enlarged manner the rear part 3b of the bar 3 carrying the tail 4.
  • the tail 4 comprises a tubular body 4a to which fins 4b are fixed.
  • connection means L which here is of the threading/tapping connection type.
  • the tubular body 4a of the tail 4 comprises a threaded housing 8 which engages on a threaded part 7 of the bar.
  • the body 4a of the tail also contains, behind the threaded housing 8, an explosive charge 9 which can be initiated by a primer (not shown) which is incorporated in a safety and arming device 10.
  • the security and arming device 10 is not shown in detail. Such components are classic and make it possible to ensure pyrotechnic safety during storage and handling of the projectile. They ensure misalignment of the pyrotechnic chain during these phases and cause alignment of the chain when the conditions for an effective shot are met.
  • the security and arming device 10 can advantageously be produced using micro-machined technologies.
  • the parts are micromachined or micro-etched on a wafer of a substrate, for example an insulating substrate.
  • MEMS Micro Electro Mechanical System
  • the safety and arming device 10 is connected to a control means 11 which is an electronic means comprising a chronometric module 11a which is programmed before firing or during firing.
  • Programming can be carried out via a programming interface 12 which is housed at the rear of the tail 4 and which is connected to the control means 11, for example by a wired connection 13.
  • the programming interface 12 could be constituted for example by a coil allowing remote programming, by induction, when loading the ammunition.
  • the programming interface 12 could alternatively be a simple conductive ring which is connected to the base of the ammunition (not shown) by a wire passing through the propellant charge to allow a programming by contact once the ammunition is in the chamber of the weapon.
  • the programming interface 12 could finally be a radio frequency sensor (or an antenna) configured to receive a programming signal over the air (for example in the frequency range from 2 GHz to 5 GHz).
  • the programming interface 12 when the programming interface 12 is inductive or by contact, the programming is done before firing, whereas when the interface 12 is formed by a radio frequency antenna, the programming can optionally be done before firing. or when shooting.
  • the control means 11 is kept at a distance from the rear of the tail 4 by a spacer 14.
  • a tracer T can be provided behind the spacer 14.
  • the control means 11 is defined so as to ensure the rupture of the connection means L at a distance, called reference distance Ref, from the target objective that we seek to neutralize.
  • the rupture is ensured by the triggering of the explosive charge 9.
  • This reference distance depends on the characteristics of the active protection system which equips the objective.
  • the reference distance could be chosen less than 200 meters and even preferably less than 100 meters. But advantageously we can modify this reference distance to take into account the characteristics of the active protection system of the objective encountered, a protection system whose reaction time could, for example, have been measured by an observer.
  • connection means L to break sufficiently late so that the stabilization of the bar is not disrupted and early enough so that the active protection system cannot act on the bar equipped with its tail.
  • a vehicle V1 which wishes to neutralize an objective which is here a vehicle V2 first carries out telemetry of the vehicle V2, for example by a laser rangefinder coupled to the fire control which equips the vehicle V1 (conventional fire control and not shown).
  • Fire control and telemetry means are classic means which equip all combat vehicles equipped with a weapon system S capable of firing under-calibrated projectiles (for example a smooth-bore cannon of 120mm to 140mm caliber).
  • the distance ⁇ between the two vehicles is therefore determined.
  • the fire control of the vehicle is then capable of calculating the flight time of the bar 3 to the vehicle V2, the ballistic characteristics of the projectile are in fact known and incorporated into shooting tables.
  • the fire control is capable of determining the instant T2 on the trajectory at which the bar 3 will enter a zone Z surrounding the vehicle V2, zone Z having a radius which is equal to the reference distance Ref chosen by the operator and which may possibly be modified by the latter.
  • the reference distance chosen is of the order of 100 meters.
  • the tail unit 4 then follows its own trajectory and moves away from the bar 3.
  • the V2 vehicle is equipped with an active defense means D projecting blast grenades. This means is ineffective against the bar 3 devoid of its tail which therefore reaches the vehicle without being deflected and with its maximum perforation capacities.
  • the means of defense D will only be effective against tailplane 4 alone.
  • thermobaric grenades will be projected towards the tail and not towards the bar itself.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Harvester Elements (AREA)

Description

Le domaine technique de l'invention est celui des projectiles sous-calibrés et en particulier des projectiles sous-calibrés de type obus flèches de gros calibre (calibre supérieur à 75 mm).The technical field of the invention is that of sub-caliber projectiles and in particular sub-caliber projectiles of the large caliber arrow shell type (caliber greater than 75 mm).

Les projectiles sous-calibrés (ou projectiles flèches) sont bien connus. Ils sont constitués d'un barreau en matériau perforant, doté d'une partie avant conique, et portant un empennage de stabilisation.Under-caliber projectiles (or arrow projectiles) are well known. They are made of a bar of perforating material, equipped with a conical front part, and carrying a stabilizing tail.

Le barreau a un calibre bien inférieur à celui de l'arme qui tire le projectile (barreau de diamètre 25 à 30 mm pour un calibre d'arme de 120 mm).The bar has a caliber much lower than that of the weapon which fires the projectile (bar with a diameter of 25 to 30 mm for a weapon caliber of 120 mm).

Le tir est rendu possible grâce à un sabot au calibre de l'arme qui libère le barreau à la sortie du tube de l'arme.The shot is made possible thanks to a sabot in the caliber of the weapon which releases the bar at the exit of the weapon tube.

Cette configuration classique permet d'obtenir une vitesse de barreau particulièrement importante (de l'ordre de 1700 mètres par seconde pour un barreau flèche tiré par une arme de 120mm de calibre). Les brevets US4724769 et FR2842897 décrivent à titre d'exemple des projectiles flèches connus.This classic configuration makes it possible to obtain a particularly high bar speed (of the order of 1700 meters per second for an arrow bar fired by a 120mm caliber weapon). Licences US4724769 And FR2842897 describe by way of example known arrow projectiles.

La vitesse importante qui leur est communiquée ainsi que la masse du barreau donnent aux barreaux une très grande capacité de perforation des blindages.The high speed communicated to them as well as the mass of the bar give the bars a very high armor piercing capacity.

Cependant les barreaux des flèches sont aujourd'hui confrontés à des systèmes de protection active qui agissent par effet de souffle. Les véhicules équipés de tels systèmes de protection projettent ainsi vers le barreau une grenade qui incorpore un explosif de type thermobarique.However, the boom bars are today faced with active protection systems which act by blast effect. Vehicles equipped with such protection systems thus project a grenade which incorporates a thermobaric type explosive towards the bar.

Le souffle intense qu'engendre une telle grenade va agir sur le projectile cinétique et le dévier de sa trajectoire, réduisant ainsi son efficacité perforante.The intense blast generated by such a grenade will act on the kinetic projectile and deflect it from its trajectory, thus reducing its piercing effectiveness.

L'action de ces grenades thermobariques s'exerce essentiellement sur l'empennage du projectile flèche dont l'envergure est pratiquement le triple du calibre du barreau.The action of these thermobaric grenades is mainly exerted on the tail of the arrow projectile, the span of which is practically three times the caliber of the bar.

On connaît par ailleurs par le brevet FR2390703 un projectile sous calibré d'exercice dont l'empennage est éjecté sur trajectoire, à un instant fixe peu de temps après le tir, dans le but de réduire la trajectoire du projectile. Ce projectile a une trajectoire très raccourcie (de l'ordre de quelques centaines de mètres) par rapport à la trajectoire d'un projectile perforant (supérieure à 6500 mètres). Ce projectile n'est pas conçu pour avoir des performances de perforation de cible et il est inadapté à la résolution du problème visé.We also know from the patent FR2390703 a sub-calibrated exercise projectile whose tail is ejected on trajectory, at a fixed instant shortly after firing, with the aim of reducing the trajectory of the projectile. This projectile has a very shortened trajectory (of the order of a few hundred meters) compared to the trajectory of an armor-piercing projectile (greater than 6500 meters). This projectile is not designed to have target perforation performance and it is unsuitable for solving the targeted problem.

Un tel projectile sous calibré d'exercice dans lequel l'empennage est séparé du barreau sur trajectoire est également décrit par le brevet US2002/0088897 .Such an under-calibrated exercise projectile in which the tail is separated from the bar on the trajectory is also described by the patent US2002/0088897 .

On connaît aussi par le brevet DE3933442 un projectile perforant dont l'empennage se sépare du barreau à l'impact sur une cible. Le but visé est d'empêcher que l'empennage ne vienne réduire la perforation de la cible. Un tel projectile est perturbé par les grenades à effet de souffle. Il ne peut pas non plus résoudre le problème de la résistance du projectile aux protections thermobariques.We also know from the patent DE3933442 an armor-piercing projectile whose tail separates from the bar upon impact on a target. The aim is to prevent the tail from reducing the perforation of the target. Such a projectile is disrupted by blast grenades. It also cannot solve the problem of the projectile's resistance to thermobaric protections.

C'est le but de l'invention selon la revendication 1 que de proposer un projectile sous calibré qui n'est pas ou peu perturbé par les protections modernes à effet de souffle.It is the aim of the invention according to claim 1 to propose an under-calibrated projectile which is not or only slightly disturbed by modern blast protection.

L'invention selon la revendication 8 propose également un procédé de neutralisation d'un objectif en mettant en oeuvre un tel projectile.The invention according to claim 8 also proposes a method of neutralizing an objective by using such a projectile.

Ainsi l'invention a pour objet un projectile sous calibré de type flèche configuré pour neutraliser un objectif, projectile comportant un barreau perforant entouré par un sabot réalisé en matériau léger et permettant le tir du projectile dans une arme, barreau qui est prolongé par un empennage stabilisateur, l'empennage étant relié au barreau par un moyen de liaison pouvant être rompu, la rupture étant initiée par un moyen de commande solidaire du projectile, projectile caractérisé en ce que le moyen de commande comprend un module chronométrique relié à une interface de programmation et qui est programmé avant tir ou lors du tir de façon à assurer la rupture du moyen de liaison à une distance de référence par rapport à l'objectif qui est configurée pour la neutralisation de l'objectif.Thus the subject of the invention is an under-calibrated arrow-type projectile configured to neutralize an objective, a projectile comprising a perforating bar surrounded by a sabot made of light material and allowing the projectile to be fired into a weapon, a bar which is extended by a stabilizing tail, the tail being connected to the bar by a connecting means that can be broken, the break being initiated by a control means secured to the projectile, projectile characterized in that the control means comprises a chronometric module connected to a control interface programming and which is programmed before firing or during firing so as to ensure the rupture of the connecting means at a reference distance relative to the objective which is configured for the neutralization of the objective.

Selon un mode particulier de réalisation, la distance de référence pourra être inférieure à 200 mètres.According to a particular embodiment, the reference distance may be less than 200 meters.

Avantageusement la distance de référence pourra être inférieure à 100 mètres.Advantageously, the reference distance could be less than 100 meters.

Selon un mode particulier de réalisation, l'interface de programmation est une interface de programmation par fil.According to a particular embodiment, the programming interface is a wired programming interface.

Selon un mode particulier de réalisation, l'interface de programmation est une interface de programmation par induction.According to a particular embodiment, the programming interface is an induction programming interface.

Selon un mode particulier de réalisation, l'interface de programmation est une interface de programmation par radio fréquence.According to a particular embodiment, the programming interface is a radio frequency programming interface.

Selon une variante, le projectile pourra comporter une charge explosive dont le déclenchement assurera la rupture du moyen de liaison et le projectile pourra également comporter un dispositif de sécurité et d'armement interposé entre la charge explosive et le moyen de commande.According to a variant, the projectile may include an explosive charge whose triggering will ensure the rupture of the connecting means and the projectile may also include a safety and arming device interposed between the explosive charge and the control means.

L'invention a également pour objet un procédé de neutralisation d'un objectif en mettant en oeuvre un tel projectile sous calibré ainsi qu'un système d'arme pouvant tirer ce projectile et équipé d'une conduite de tir, procédé caractérisé par les étapes suivantes :

  • on réalise une télémétrie de l'objectif à partir du système d'arme équipé d'un moyen de télémétrie ;
  • on calcule un instant de déclenchement de la rupture du moyen de liaison tel que cette rupture intervienne à une distance de référence de l'objectif ;
  • on programme avant tir ou lors du tir le module chronométrique du moyen de commande du projectile avec cet instant de déclenchement.
The invention also relates to a method of neutralizing an objective by implementing such an under-calibrated projectile as well as a weapon system capable of firing this projectile and equipped with fire control, a method characterized by the steps following:
  • telemetry of the objective is carried out from the weapon system equipped with a telemetry means;
  • we calculate a triggering moment for the rupture of the connecting means such that this break occurs at a reference distance from the objective;
  • the chronometric module of the projectile control means is programmed before firing or during firing with this triggering instant.

Avantageusement, la distance de référence pourra être modifiable.Advantageously, the reference distance can be modified.

L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui va suivre d'un mode particulier de réalisation, description faite en référence aux dessins annexés et dans lesquels :

  • [Fig. 1] montre l'architecture générale d'un projectile sous calibré de type flèche ;
  • [Fig. 2] est une vue agrandie de la partie arrière du barreau portant l'empennage ;
  • [Fig. 3a] schématise un véhicule blindé engageant un autre véhicule blindé ;
  • [Fig. 3b] schématise la mise en oeuvre du projectile et du procédé selon l'invention.
The invention will be better understood on reading the following description of a particular embodiment, description made with reference to the appended drawings and in which:
  • [ Fig. 1 ] shows the general architecture of an under-calibrated arrow-type projectile;
  • [ Fig. 2 ] is an enlarged view of the rear part of the bar carrying the tail;
  • [ Fig. 3a ] diagrams an armored vehicle engaging another armored vehicle;
  • [ Fig. 3b ] schematizes the implementation of the projectile and the method according to the invention.

La figure 1 montre un projectile flèche 1 qui comporte d'une façon classique un sabot 2 réalisé en matériau léger (tel qu'un alliage d'aluminium), sabot formé de plusieurs segments et qui entoure un barreau 3 sous-calibré.There figure 1 shows an arrow projectile 1 which conventionally comprises a shoe 2 made of light material (such as an aluminum alloy), shoe formed of several segments and which surrounds a sub-calibrated bar 3.

Le barreau est en acier ou bien en un alliage dense à base de tungstène.The bar is made of steel or a dense tungsten-based alloy.

Le barreau comporte une partie avant 3a conique et porte à sa partie arrière 3b un empennage 4 assurant sa stabilisation sur trajectoire.The bar has a conical front part 3a and carries at its rear part 3b a tailplane 4 ensuring its stabilization on trajectory.

Le sabot porte une ceinture 5, réalisée en matière plastique, et qui assure l'étanchéité aux gaz propulsifs lors du tir dans le tube d'une arme (non représenté).The sabot carries a belt 5, made of plastic, which ensures sealing against propellant gases when firing into the barrel of a weapon (not shown).

Lors du tir, les gaz du chargement propulsif (non représenté) exercent leur poussée au niveau d'une partie arrière 6 du sabot qui est au calibre et qui constitue ce qu'on appelle la plaque de poussée.When firing, the gases of the propellant charge (not shown) exert their thrust at a part rear 6 of the shoe which is in caliber and which constitutes what is called the thrust plate.

Une telle configuration générale d'un projectile sous calibré stabilisé par empennage (projectile flèche) est bien connue. On pourra notamment considérer les brevets FR2521717 et FR2661739 qui décrivent des projectiles flèches connus.Such a general configuration of an under-calibrated projectile stabilized by tailing (arrow projectile) is well known. In particular, we can consider patents FR2521717 And FR2661739 which describe known arrow projectiles.

Le sabot 2 est destiné à permettre le tir du projectile dans l'arme. Il est constitué de plusieurs segments (le plus souvent trois) qui entourent le barreau 3 et qui sont en contact deux à deux au niveau de plans de joints.The sabot 2 is intended to allow the projectile to be fired into the weapon. It is made up of several segments (most often three) which surround the bar 3 and which are in contact two by two at the joint planes.

A la sortie du tube de l'arme les segments du sabot 2 s'écartent du barreau 3 sous l'action de la pression aérodynamique qui s'exerce au niveau de la partie avant (AV) du sabot 2.At the exit of the weapon tube, the segments of the sabot 2 move away from the bar 3 under the action of the aerodynamic pressure which is exerted at the level of the front part (AV) of the sabot 2.

L'écartement des segments conduit à la rupture de la ceinture 5 et le sabot libère donc le barreau 3 qui poursuit sa trajectoire.The spacing of the segments leads to the rupture of the belt 5 and the shoe therefore releases the bar 3 which continues its trajectory.

Des moyens à concordance de forme (non représentés), par exemple un filetage, sont interposés entre le sabot 2 et le barreau 3 pour assurer l'entraînement de ce dernier.Shape-matching means (not shown), for example a thread, are interposed between the shoe 2 and the bar 3 to ensure the driving of the latter.

La figure 2 montre de façon agrandie la partie arrière 3b du barreau 3 portant l'empennage 4. L'empennage 4 comporte un corps 4a tubulaire sur lequel sont fixées des ailettes 4b.There figure 2 shows in an enlarged manner the rear part 3b of the bar 3 carrying the tail 4. The tail 4 comprises a tubular body 4a to which fins 4b are fixed.

On voit que l'empennage 4 est lié au barreau 3 par un moyen de liaison L qui est ici de type liaison filetage/taraudage. A cet effet le corps tubulaire 4a de l'empennage 4 comporte un logement taraudé 8 qui s'engage sur une partie filetée 7 du barreau.We see that the tail 4 is linked to the bar 3 by a connection means L which here is of the threading/tapping connection type. For this purpose the tubular body 4a of the tail 4 comprises a threaded housing 8 which engages on a threaded part 7 of the bar.

Le corps 4a de l'empennage renferme également, en arrière du logement taraudé 8, une charge explosive 9 qui peut être initiée par une amorce (non représentée) qui est incorporée dans un dispositif de sécurité et d'armement 10.The body 4a of the tail also contains, behind the threaded housing 8, an explosive charge 9 which can be initiated by a primer (not shown) which is incorporated in a safety and arming device 10.

Le dispositif de sécurité et d'armement 10 n'est pas représenté en détails. De tels composants sont classiques et permettent d'assurer les sécurités pyrotechniques lors des stockages et manipulations du projectile. Ils assurent un désalignement de la chaîne pyrotechnique au cours de ces phases et provoquent l'alignement de la chaîne lorsque les conditions d'un tir effectif sont réunies.The security and arming device 10 is not shown in detail. Such components are classic and make it possible to ensure pyrotechnic safety during storage and handling of the projectile. They ensure misalignment of the pyrotechnic chain during these phases and cause alignment of the chain when the conditions for an effective shot are met.

Compte tenu des dimensions réduites du corps tubulaire 4a, on pourra avantageusement réaliser le dispositif de sécurité et d'armement 10 suivant les technologies micro usinées. Dans de tels dispositifs les pièces sont microusinées ou micro gravées sur une plaquette d'un substrat, par exemple d'un substrat isolant. Cette technologie connue sous le nom de MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical System) permet aujourd'hui de réaliser des micro mécanismes en mettant en oeuvre une technique proche de celle permettant de réaliser les circuits intégrés électroniques.Taking into account the reduced dimensions of the tubular body 4a, the security and arming device 10 can advantageously be produced using micro-machined technologies. In such devices the parts are micromachined or micro-etched on a wafer of a substrate, for example an insulating substrate. This technology, known as MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical System), now makes it possible to produce micro mechanisms by implementing a technique close to that used to produce electronic integrated circuits.

On pourra par exemple consulter les brevets : EP1780495 , EP1780496 , EP2482027 et EP2482028 qui décrivent de tels dispositifs de sécurité et d'armement micro usinés.For example, we can consult the patents: EP1780495 , EP1780496 , EP2482027 And EP2482028 which describe such micro-machined security and weaponry devices.

Le dispositif de sécurité et d'armement 10 est relié à un moyen de commande 11 qui est un moyen électronique comprenant un module chronométrique 11a qui est programmé avant tir ou lors du tir.The safety and arming device 10 is connected to a control means 11 which is an electronic means comprising a chronometric module 11a which is programmed before firing or during firing.

La programmation pourra être réalisée par l'intermédiaire d'une interface de programmation 12 qui est logée à l'arrière de l'empennage 4 et qui est reliée au moyen de commande 11, par exemple par une liaison filaire 13.Programming can be carried out via a programming interface 12 which is housed at the rear of the tail 4 and which is connected to the control means 11, for example by a wired connection 13.

L'interface de programmation 12 pourra être constituée par exemple par une bobine permettant une programmation à distance, par induction, lors du chargement de la munition.The programming interface 12 could be constituted for example by a coil allowing remote programming, by induction, when loading the ammunition.

L'interface de programmation 12 pourra être alternativement une simple bague conductrice qui est reliée au culot de la munition (non représenté) par un fil traversant la charge propulsive pour permettre une programmation par contact une fois la munition dans la chambre de l'arme.The programming interface 12 could alternatively be a simple conductive ring which is connected to the base of the ammunition (not shown) by a wire passing through the propellant charge to allow a programming by contact once the ammunition is in the chamber of the weapon.

L'interface de programmation 12 pourra enfin être un capteur radio fréquence (ou une antenne) configuré pour recevoir un signal de programmation par voie hertzienne (par exemple dans la gamme des fréquences de 2 GHz à 5 GHz).The programming interface 12 could finally be a radio frequency sensor (or an antenna) configured to receive a programming signal over the air (for example in the frequency range from 2 GHz to 5 GHz).

On notera que, lorsque l'interface de programmation 12 est inductive ou par contact, la programmation se fait avant le tir, alors que lorsque l'interface 12 est formée par une antenne radio fréquence, la programmation peut au choix être faite avant le tir ou lors du tir.It will be noted that, when the programming interface 12 is inductive or by contact, the programming is done before firing, whereas when the interface 12 is formed by a radio frequency antenna, the programming can optionally be done before firing. or when shooting.

Le moyen de commande 11 est maintenu à distance de l'arrière de l'empennage 4 par une entretoise 14. On pourra prévoir un traceur T logé en arrière de l'entretoise 14.The control means 11 is kept at a distance from the rear of the tail 4 by a spacer 14. A tracer T can be provided behind the spacer 14.

Le moyen de commande 11 est défini de façon à assurer la rupture du moyen de liaison L à une distance, dite de référence Ref, de l'objectif visé que l'on cherche à neutraliser. La rupture est assurée par le déclenchement de la charge explosive 9. Cette distance de référence dépend des caractéristiques du système de protection active qui équipe l'objectif.The control means 11 is defined so as to ensure the rupture of the connection means L at a distance, called reference distance Ref, from the target objective that we seek to neutralize. The rupture is ensured by the triggering of the explosive charge 9. This reference distance depends on the characteristics of the active protection system which equips the objective.

D'une façon générale la distance de référence pourra être choisie inférieure à 200 mètres et encore préférentiellement inférieure à 100 mètres. Mais avantageusement on pourra modifier cette distance de référence pour tenir compte des caractéristiques du système de protection active de l'objectif rencontré, système de protection dont le temps de réaction aura pu par exemple être mesuré par un observateur.Generally speaking, the reference distance could be chosen less than 200 meters and even preferably less than 100 meters. But advantageously we can modify this reference distance to take into account the characteristics of the active protection system of the objective encountered, a protection system whose reaction time could, for example, have been measured by an observer.

Le but est de provoquer la rupture du moyen de liaison L suffisamment tard pour que la stabilisation du barreau ne soit pas perturbée et suffisamment tôt pour que le système de protection active ne puisse agir sur le barreau équipé de son empennage.The aim is to cause the connection means L to break sufficiently late so that the stabilization of the bar is not disrupted and early enough so that the active protection system cannot act on the bar equipped with its tail.

Les figures 3a et 3b schématisent le mode de fonctionnement du projectile et le procédé selon l'invention.THE figures 3a And 3b schematize the mode of operation of the projectile and the method according to the invention.

Tout d'abord (figure 3a) un véhicule V1 qui souhaite neutraliser un objectif qui est ici un véhicule V2 réalise tout d'abord une télémétrie du véhicule V2, par exemple par un télémètre laser couplé à la conduite de tir qui équipe le véhicule V1 (conduite de tir classique et non représentée).First of all ( figure 3a ) a vehicle V1 which wishes to neutralize an objective which is here a vehicle V2 first carries out telemetry of the vehicle V2, for example by a laser rangefinder coupled to the fire control which equips the vehicle V1 (conventional fire control and not shown).

Les conduites de tir et les moyens de télémétrie sont des moyens classiques qui équipent tous les véhicules de combat équipés d'un système d'arme S susceptible de tirer des projectiles sous calibrés (par exemple un canon lisse de 120mm à 140mm de calibre).Fire control and telemetry means are classic means which equip all combat vehicles equipped with a weapon system S capable of firing under-calibrated projectiles (for example a smooth-bore cannon of 120mm to 140mm caliber).

La distance Δ entre les deux véhicules est donc déterminée. La conduite de tir du véhicule est alors capable de calculer le temps de vol du barreau 3 jusqu'au véhicule V2, les caractéristiques de balistique du projectile sont en effet connues et incorporées dans des tables de tir.The distance Δ between the two vehicles is therefore determined. The fire control of the vehicle is then capable of calculating the flight time of the bar 3 to the vehicle V2, the ballistic characteristics of the projectile are in fact known and incorporated into shooting tables.

La conduite de tir est capable de déterminer l'instant T2 sur trajectoire auquel le barreau 3 va entrer dans une zone Z entourant le véhicule V2, zone Z ayant un rayon qui est égal à la distance de référence Ref choisie par l'opérateur et qui pourra éventuellement être modifiée par ce dernier. Ici la distance de référence choisie est de l'ordre de 100 mètres.The fire control is capable of determining the instant T2 on the trajectory at which the bar 3 will enter a zone Z surrounding the vehicle V2, zone Z having a radius which is equal to the reference distance Ref chosen by the operator and which may possibly be modified by the latter. Here the reference distance chosen is of the order of 100 meters.

C'est cet instant T2 qui est l'instant de déclenchement programmé avant tir ou lors du tir dans le module chronométrique 11a.It is this instant T2 which is the programmed trigger instant before firing or during firing in the chronometric module 11a.

La figure 3b montre le barreau 3 sur trajectoire à deux instants différents :

  • à l'instant T1 le barreau 3 est sur sa trajectoire normale et il comporte son empennage stabilisateur 4. Le dispositif de sécurité et d'armement 10 s'est armé comme suite au tir ;
  • à l'instant T2 le barreau 3 entre dans la zone Z. Le moyen de commande 11 commande la rupture du moyen de liaison L entre le barreau 3 et l'empennage 4.
There figure 3b shows bar 3 on trajectory at two different times:
  • at time T1 the bar 3 is on its normal trajectory and it includes its stabilizing tail 4. The safety and arming device 10 is armed following the shot;
  • at the instant T2 the bar 3 enters the zone Z. The control means 11 controls the rupture of the connecting means L between the bar 3 and the tail 4.

Après la rupture du moyen de liaison L, le barreau 3 poursuit sa trajectoire jusqu'au véhicule V2. La distance qui lui reste à couvrir est suffisamment réduite pour qu'il n'y ait pas de déstabilisation du barreau du fait de la perte de l'empennage 4.After the rupture of the connecting means L, the bar 3 continues its trajectory to the vehicle V2. The distance that remains to be covered is sufficiently reduced so that there is no destabilization of the bar due to the loss of tail 4.

L'empennage 4 suit alors sa trajectoire propre et s'éloigne du barreau 3.The tail unit 4 then follows its own trajectory and moves away from the bar 3.

Le véhicule V2 est équipé d'un moyen de défense active D projetant des grenades à effet de souffle. Ce moyen se trouve inefficace contre le barreau 3 dépourvu de son empennage qui atteint donc le véhicule sans être dévié et avec ses capacités de perforation maximales. Les moyens de défense D n'auront une efficacité que contre l'empennage 4 seul.The V2 vehicle is equipped with an active defense means D projecting blast grenades. This means is ineffective against the bar 3 devoid of its tail which therefore reaches the vehicle without being deflected and with its maximum perforation capacities. The means of defense D will only be effective against tailplane 4 alone.

On notera que, du fait de l'éjection de l'empennage, les capacités de perforation du barreau sont également augmentées.Note that, due to the ejection of the tail, the perforation capacities of the bar are also increased.

On notera également que l'éjection de l'empennage est assimilable à l'éjection d'un leurre susceptible d'attirer vers lui le dispositif de défense active D. Il est donc probable que les grenades thermobariques seront projetées vers l'empennage et non vers le barreau lui-même.It should also be noted that the ejection of the tail is comparable to the ejection of a decoy likely to attract the active defense device D towards it. It is therefore probable that the thermobaric grenades will be projected towards the tail and not towards the bar itself.

Claims (9)

  1. - A sub-caliber projectile (1) of the kinetic energy type configured to neutralize a target (V2), the projectile comprising a perforating rod (3) surrounded by a sabot (2) made of light material and allowing the projectile to be fired from a weapon, the rod (3) being extended by a stabilizing tail (4), the tail being connected to the rod (3) by a connection means (L) which can be broken, the breaking being initiated by a control means (11) integral with the projectile, the projectile being characterised in that the control means (11) comprises a timing module (11a) connected to a programming interface (12) and which is configured to be programmed before firing or during firing so as to ensure the breaking of the connection means (L) at a reference distance (Ref) relative to the target (V2) that is configured for neutralization of the target.
  2. - The sub-caliber projectile according to claim 1, characterised in that the reference distance (Ref) is less than 200 meters.
  3. - The sub-caliber projectile according to claim 2, characterised in that the reference distance (Ref) is less than 100 meters.
  4. - The sub-caliber projectile according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the programming interface (12) is an interface (12) for programming by wire.
  5. - The sub-caliber projectile according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the programming interface (12) is an interface (12) for programming by induction.
  6. - The sub-caliber projectile according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the programming interface (12) is an interface (12) for programming by radio frequency.
  7. - The sub-caliber projectile according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that it comprises an explosive charge (9), the triggering of which ensures the breaking of the connection means (L) and in that it comprises a safety and arming device (10) interposed between the explosive charge (9) and the control means (11) .
  8. - A method of neutralizing a target using a sub-caliber projectile (1) according to any one of the preceding claims as well as a weapon system capable of firing this projectile and equipped with a fire control system, the method having the following steps:
    - a range finding of the target (V2) is carried out from the weapon system equipped with a range finding means;
    - a triggering instant for the breaking of the connection means (L) is calculated such that this breaking occurs at a reference distance (Ref) from the target;
    - the timing module (11a) of the projectile control means (11) is programmed with this triggering instant before firing or during firing.
  9. - The method of neutralizing a target according to claim 8, characterised in that the reference distance is modifiable.
EP21173987.5A 2020-05-20 2021-05-15 Sub-calibre projectile and method for neutralising a target implementing such a projectile Active EP3913317B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR2004741A FR3110687B1 (en) 2020-05-20 2020-05-20 Sub-caliber projectile and method for neutralizing a target using such a projectile.

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EP3913317A1 EP3913317A1 (en) 2021-11-24
EP3913317B1 true EP3913317B1 (en) 2023-11-15

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US (1) US20220026187A1 (en)
EP (1) EP3913317B1 (en)
KR (1) KR20210143674A (en)
ES (1) ES2969937T3 (en)
FR (1) FR3110687B1 (en)
IL (1) IL283227A (en)

Family Cites Families (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL7705239A (en) 1977-05-11 1978-11-14 Eurometaal Nv EXERCISE PROJECTILE OF THE TYPE WITH A LOOSE CUFF.
FR2521717B1 (en) 1982-02-16 1986-11-21 France Etat CINETIC ENERGY PROJECTILE AND LAUNCHING METHOD THEREOF
DE3209594A1 (en) 1982-03-17 1983-09-29 L'Etat Français représenté par le Délégué Général pour l'Armement, 75997 Paris TARGET-BREAKING RIFLE SHEET, IN PARTICULAR TO FIGHT MULTIPLE-PLATE TARGETS
DE3933442A1 (en) 1989-10-06 1991-04-18 Rheinmetall Gmbh Wing-stabilised impact projectile - with blast-off charge for guide wing system
FR2661739A1 (en) 1990-05-04 1991-11-08 Giat Ind Sa DEVICE FOR SEALING A BOOM PROJECTILE.
US6540176B2 (en) * 2001-01-08 2003-04-01 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Fin disengagement device for limiting projectile range
FR2829834B1 (en) * 2001-09-14 2004-01-30 Giat Ind Sa METHOD FOR DETERMINING A TRIGGER OF A PROJECTILE, PROGRAMMING DEVICE AND CHRONOMETRIC FUSE IMPLEMENTING SUCH A METHOD
FR2842897B1 (en) 2002-07-24 2004-09-03 Giat Ind Sa MULTI-PUSH CALIBER PROJECTILE
FR2892809B1 (en) 2005-10-27 2010-07-30 Giat Ind Sa PYROTECHNIC SAFETY DEVICE WITH REDUCED DIMENSIONS
FR2892810B1 (en) 2005-10-27 2010-05-14 Giat Ind Sa PYROTECHNIC SECURITY DEVICE WITH MICROSCREEN SCREEN
DE102007059397A1 (en) * 2007-12-10 2009-06-18 Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg swash detonator
FR2971048B1 (en) 2011-01-31 2013-01-11 Nexter Munitions SECURITY AND ARMING DEVICE WITH A CASSABLE LATCH
FR2971050B1 (en) 2011-01-31 2013-01-18 Nexter Munitions SECURITY AND ARMING DEVICE FOR A PYROTECHNIC CHAIN OF A PROJECTILE

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US20220026187A1 (en) 2022-01-27
FR3110687B1 (en) 2022-05-27
IL283227A (en) 2021-12-01
ES2969937T3 (en) 2024-05-23
FR3110687A1 (en) 2021-11-26
KR20210143674A (en) 2021-11-29
EP3913317A1 (en) 2021-11-24

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