EP3904768B1 - Fluid nozzle - Google Patents
Fluid nozzle Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3904768B1 EP3904768B1 EP21170612.2A EP21170612A EP3904768B1 EP 3904768 B1 EP3904768 B1 EP 3904768B1 EP 21170612 A EP21170612 A EP 21170612A EP 3904768 B1 EP3904768 B1 EP 3904768B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fluid
- fuel
- circuit
- recited
- fluid nozzle
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims description 72
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 71
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011176 pooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009718 spray deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
- F23R3/286—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply having fuel-air premixing devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/22—Fuel supply systems
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D3/00—Burners using capillary action
- F23D3/40—Burners using capillary action the capillary action taking place in one or more rigid porous bodies
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/02—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the air-flow or gas-flow configuration
- F23R3/04—Air inlet arrangements
- F23R3/10—Air inlet arrangements for primary air
- F23R3/12—Air inlet arrangements for primary air inducing a vortex
- F23R3/14—Air inlet arrangements for primary air inducing a vortex by using swirl vanes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2240/00—Components
- F05D2240/35—Combustors or associated equipment
- F05D2240/36—Fuel vaporizer
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
- F23D11/36—Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
- F23D11/38—Nozzles; Cleaning devices therefor
- F23D11/383—Nozzles; Cleaning devices therefor with swirl means
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to air blast nozzles, and more particularly to fluid distributors for air blast nozzles in gas turbine engines operating at low flow rates.
- Gas turbine engines often use fluid nozzles, such as air-blast nozzles, with small features at high pressures in order to generate a liquid spray of fuel at low flow rates (e.g. when at low power).
- These nozzles generally have a high pressure spin chamber to produce a hollow liquid-fuel cone with high inertia which subsequently disintegrates into a spray upon encountering air in the combustor.
- the flow path geometry is conical which suits can-style combustors but does not necessarily suit annular combustors.
- Spinning fuel requires fluid nozzles with small features which can be prone to durability issues. Fuel also generally needs to travel a significant distance from the small injection orifice to get to the target zone where the air is available, which may cause evaporation in transit thereby making it more difficult to achieve certain mixtures.
- the pressure required for a given fluid nozzle varies as the square of the flow rate, meaning that pressures at high flows can be too high, while pressure at low flow can be too low.
- JP 2020 051665 A discloses a fuel nozzle according to the preamble of claim 1. US 5438834 A and KR 101 689 930 B1 each disclose known fuel nozzles.
- a larger fluid nozzle with larger fuel injection annulus would provide improved performance at low flow rates, among other things.
- One challenge in using larger fluid nozzles, however, is that they may not provide the desired fuel distribution about the annulus at low fluid flow rates due to gravity.
- a fluid nozzle according to claim 1.
- the ring-shaped permeable barrier includes a sintered metal distributor body.
- the ring-shaped permeable barrier can be produced by additive manufacturing.
- the first fluid circuit can be defined between a first annular swirler shell and second annular swirler shell.
- the first fluid circuit and/or the second fluid circuit can be a swirling air circuit.
- the first fluid circuit and/or the second fluid circuit can be a non-swirling air circuit.
- a fuel inlet can be in fluid communication with the fuel circuit.
- a combustion assembly includes a combustor housing, a combustor dome positioned at an upstream end of the combustor housing, and a fluid nozzle positioned adjacent to the combustor dome.
- the fluid nozzle can be similar to that described above where the fluid circuit is a fuel circuit.
- the ring-shaped permeable barrier can be similar to that described above.
- FIG. 1 a partial view of an embodiment of a combustion system in accordance with the disclosure is shown in Fig. 1 and is designated generally by reference character 100.
- FIGs. 2-6 Other embodiments of systems in accordance with the disclosure, or aspects thereof, are provided in Figs. 2-6 , as will be described.
- the systems and methods described herein can be used for providing a means of mixing air and fuel with much lower pressure fuel flow requirements by using a larger fluid nozzle with improved fluid distribution about its annulus.
- a combustion assembly 100 includes a combustor housing 102, a combustor dome 104 positioned at an upstream end of the combustor housing 102, and a fluid nozzle 101 positioned adjacent the combustor dome 104.
- Combustion assembly 100 defines a longitudinal axis A.
- Fluid nozzle 101 includes a first fluid circuit 106, e.g. an inner air circuit, a second fluid circuit 108, e.g. an outer air circuit, spaced apart from the inner fluid circuit 106.
- a fuel distributor 103 is defined between the inner and outer fluid circuits 106 and 108, respectively, in a radial direction relative to longitudinal axis A.
- Inner fluid circuit 106 is defined in a space in an axial direction between a first annular swirler shell 109 and second annular swirler shell 111.
- Inner fluid circuit 106 is a swirling air circuit.
- Outer fluid circuit 108 is a non-swirling air circuit.
- the liquid In order to generate a liquid spray, the liquid typically first forms a thin, conical sheet that disintegrates into droplets once it enters the adjacent air. With traditional fuel nozzles, this means that to form an ignitable mixture at low fuel flows, the slots and exit orifice must be very small in order to generate sufficient pressure. As the flow-rate increases, the pressure drop required to inject the fuel increases as the square of the flow-rate. So if the flow-rate increases by 50 times, the pressure would rise by a factor of 2500. As such, with traditional smaller fluid nozzles, in order to limit the maximum pressure during high flowrates, the nozzle must reduce its pressure at low flow, which can cause performance issues at low power.
- fuel distributor 103 includes a first fuel circuit wall 112 and a second fuel circuit wall 114 spaced apart from the first fuel circuit wall 112 in an axial direction, e.g. the direction defined by longitudinal axis A.
- the fuel circuit walls 112 and 114 are metallic.
- An annular fuel circuit 110 is defined in the space between first and second fuel circuit walls 112 and 114, respectively.
- Fuel circuit 110 includes an annular distribution channel 124 and permeable barrier 116.
- fuel distributor 103 includes a fuel inlet 126 in fluid communication with fuel circuit 110.
- Fuel circuit 110 e.g. a liquid or gas circuit, is defined between the inner and outer air circuits 106 and 108, respectively, and is generally annular in shape. Fuel enters through inlet 126 and flows through the distribution channel 124 and through permeable barrier 116.
- Fuel distributor 103 defines an annular distributed fuel outlet 120 in fluid communication with the fuel circuit 110. The direction of fuel at the outlet 120 is indicated schematically by the radially pointing arrows. When the exiting fuel meets with the air from air circuits 106 and 108, the fuel is atomized and generates a fuel-air mixture suitable for combustion.
- Outer fluid circuit 108 is defined in a space in an axial direction between an outer shell 113 and second fuel circuit wall 114. Outer shell 113 is connected to combustor dome 104 by way of spacer 107. Outer shell 113 and combustor dome 104 are both components of combustor housing 102. The combustor housing 102 could also be used without outer shell 113. In that case, outer fluid circuit 108 would be defined between the second fuel circuit wall 114 and the combustor dome 104.
- fluid nozzle 101 includes a fuel distributor 103 with a larger diameter annulus as compared with traditional spin-style fuel distributors. Fluid nozzle 101 processes the fuel and air together within the nozzle 101 in a more intensive manner to produce more flammable mixtures, resulting in improved combustion performance.
- the larger diameter allows fluid nozzle 101 to handle more air.
- a ring-shaped, e.g. toroidal, annular, or the like, permeable barrier 116 is positioned between the first and second fuel circuit walls 112 and 114, respectively.
- the permeable barrier 116 is rigidly attached to the impervious adjacent first and second fuel circuit walls 112 and 114, respectively, by appropriate methods such as additive manufacturing or laser cladding thus ensuring all fuel must pass through the permeable barrier 116 only.
- Ring-shaped permeable barrier 116 is configured and adapted to provide a controlled resistance to fuel flow through fuel circuit 110 to annular distributed fuel outlet 120.
- Ring-shaped permeable barrier 116 is a flow distributor body, e.g. a sintered metal flow distributor body. Ring-shaped permeable barrier 116 can be formed from a variety of other suitable materials, such as plastic, composite materials, or the like.
- the permeability of a sintered metal flow distributor body is determined by pore size and void fraction.
- pressure drop for conventional-style fuel distributors is parabolic with mass flow rate.
- the spin features of the fuel distributor of a conventional nozzle would have to be enlarged to reduce the pressure required at the max flow rate, thereby reducing the pressure drop available at low flow for atomization.
- ring-shaped permeable barrier 116 has an outer diameter inlet 118 and an inner diameter outlet 120.
- the inner diameter outlet 120 includes a beveled surface 122 which allows for a fluid lip at the inner diameter outlet 120 to intermix with air from inner and outer fluid circuits 106 and 108.
- Beveled surface 122 is positioned such that it diverges from longitudinal axis A in the downstream direction.
- Ring-shaped permeable barrier 116 is configured and adapted to resist flow causing the fluid to completely fill the distribution channel 124 (e.g. the portion of annular fuel circuit 110 not filled with permeable barrier 116) before significantly flowing out of the exit annulus. Fluid, e.g.
- ring-shaped permeable barrier 116 is produced by additive manufacturing, such as powder bed processes, e.g. sintering, or laser cladding, or three-dimensional printing, e.g. laying down thin layers of heated material on top of each other to form the 3D object, cold spray deposition.
- additive manufacturing such as powder bed processes, e.g. sintering, or laser cladding, or three-dimensional printing, e.g. laying down thin layers of heated material on top of each other to form the 3D object, cold spray deposition.
- embodiments shown and described have the first and second fluid circuits and the fuel circuit spaced apart radially and axially with a radial flow direction
- some embodiments can include geometry where fluid in the air circuits and/or fluid circuits flow primarily axially flowing axially or even to conical geometries with the flow flowing both axially and radially.
- fluid nozzles of the present disclosure provide for improved and more uniform fuel distribution in annular fuel distributors for air blast fuel nozzles in gas turbine engines. While the fluid nozzles have been shown and described with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that changes and/or modifications may be made thereto without departing from the scope of the subject disclosure as defined by the claims.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Spray-Type Burners (AREA)
- Nozzles For Spraying Of Liquid Fuel (AREA)
Description
- The present disclosure relates to air blast nozzles, and more particularly to fluid distributors for air blast nozzles in gas turbine engines operating at low flow rates.
- Gas turbine engines often use fluid nozzles, such as air-blast nozzles, with small features at high pressures in order to generate a liquid spray of fuel at low flow rates (e.g. when at low power). These nozzles generally have a high pressure spin chamber to produce a hollow liquid-fuel cone with high inertia which subsequently disintegrates into a spray upon encountering air in the combustor. Generally, the flow path geometry is conical which suits can-style combustors but does not necessarily suit annular combustors.
- Spinning fuel requires fluid nozzles with small features which can be prone to durability issues. Fuel also generally needs to travel a significant distance from the small injection orifice to get to the target zone where the air is available, which may cause evaporation in transit thereby making it more difficult to achieve certain mixtures. The pressure required for a given fluid nozzle varies as the square of the flow rate, meaning that pressures at high flows can be too high, while pressure at low flow can be too low.
JP 2020 051665 A US 5438834 A andKR 101 689 930 B1 - A larger fluid nozzle with larger fuel injection annulus would provide improved performance at low flow rates, among other things. One challenge in using larger fluid nozzles, however, is that they may not provide the desired fuel distribution about the annulus at low fluid flow rates due to gravity.
- The conventional techniques have been considered satisfactory for their intended purpose. However, there is an ever present need for improved systems and methods for using larger fluid nozzles. This disclosure provides a solution for this need.
- According to a first aspect, there is provided a fluid nozzle according to claim 1.
- In some embodiments, the ring-shaped permeable barrier includes a sintered metal distributor body. The ring-shaped permeable barrier can be produced by additive manufacturing. The first fluid circuit can be defined between a first annular swirler shell and second annular swirler shell. The first fluid circuit and/or the second fluid circuit can be a swirling air circuit. The first fluid circuit and/or the second fluid circuit can be a non-swirling air circuit. A fuel inlet can be in fluid communication with the fuel circuit.
- In accordance with another aspect, a combustion assembly includes a combustor housing, a combustor dome positioned at an upstream end of the combustor housing, and a fluid nozzle positioned adjacent to the combustor dome. The fluid nozzle can be similar to that described above where the fluid circuit is a fuel circuit. The ring-shaped permeable barrier can be similar to that described above.
- These and other features of the systems and methods of the subject disclosure will become more readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments taken in conjunction with the drawings.
- So that those skilled in the art to which the subject disclosure appertains will readily understand how to make and use the devices and methods of the subject disclosure without undue experimentation, preferred embodiments thereof will be described in detail herein below with reference to certain figures, wherein:
-
Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional side elevation view of an embodiment of a combustion assembly constructed in accordance with the present invention, showing the combustion dome and the fluid nozzle; -
Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional side elevation view of the fluid nozzle ofFig. 1 , showing inner and outer air circuits and the fuel circuit therebetween; -
Fig. 3 is a schematic front elevation view of a portion of the fluid nozzle ofFig. 1 , showing a fuel distributor; -
Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional side elevation view of a portion of the fuel distributorFig. 3 , showing the sintered permeable metallic flow distributor body; -
Fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional perspective view of a portion of the fluid nozzle ofFig. 1 , showing the sintered permeable metallic flow distributor body; and -
Fig. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional side elevation view of a portion of the fuel distributor ofFig. 1 , showing the sintered permeable metallic flow distributor body. - Reference will now be made to the drawings wherein like reference numerals identify similar structural features or aspects of the subject disclosure. For purposes of explanation and illustration, and not limitation, a partial view of an embodiment of a combustion system in accordance with the disclosure is shown in
Fig. 1 and is designated generally byreference character 100. Other embodiments of systems in accordance with the disclosure, or aspects thereof, are provided inFigs. 2-6 , as will be described. The systems and methods described herein can be used for providing a means of mixing air and fuel with much lower pressure fuel flow requirements by using a larger fluid nozzle with improved fluid distribution about its annulus. - As shown in
Figs. 1-2 , acombustion assembly 100 includes acombustor housing 102, acombustor dome 104 positioned at an upstream end of thecombustor housing 102, and afluid nozzle 101 positioned adjacent thecombustor dome 104.Combustion assembly 100 defines a longitudinal axisA. Fluid nozzle 101 includes afirst fluid circuit 106, e.g. an inner air circuit, asecond fluid circuit 108, e.g. an outer air circuit, spaced apart from theinner fluid circuit 106. Afuel distributor 103 is defined between the inner andouter fluid circuits Inner fluid circuit 106 is defined in a space in an axial direction between a firstannular swirler shell 109 and secondannular swirler shell 111.Inner fluid circuit 106 is a swirling air circuit.Outer fluid circuit 108 is a non-swirling air circuit. - With traditional fluid nozzles, in order to generate a liquid spray, the liquid typically first forms a thin, conical sheet that disintegrates into droplets once it enters the adjacent air. With traditional fuel nozzles, this means that to form an ignitable mixture at low fuel flows, the slots and exit orifice must be very small in order to generate sufficient pressure. As the flow-rate increases, the pressure drop required to inject the fuel increases as the square of the flow-rate. So if the flow-rate increases by 50 times, the pressure would rise by a factor of 2500. As such, with traditional smaller fluid nozzles, in order to limit the maximum pressure during high flowrates, the nozzle must reduce its pressure at low flow, which can cause performance issues at low power.
- With reference now to
Figs. 3-4 ,fuel distributor 103 includes a firstfuel circuit wall 112 and a secondfuel circuit wall 114 spaced apart from the firstfuel circuit wall 112 in an axial direction, e.g. the direction defined by longitudinal axis A. Thefuel circuit walls annular fuel circuit 110 is defined in the space between first and secondfuel circuit walls Fuel circuit 110 includes anannular distribution channel 124 andpermeable barrier 116. - As shown in
Fig. 3 ,fuel distributor 103 includes afuel inlet 126 in fluid communication withfuel circuit 110.Fuel circuit 110, e.g. a liquid or gas circuit, is defined between the inner andouter air circuits inlet 126 and flows through thedistribution channel 124 and throughpermeable barrier 116.Fuel distributor 103 defines an annulardistributed fuel outlet 120 in fluid communication with thefuel circuit 110. The direction of fuel at theoutlet 120 is indicated schematically by the radially pointing arrows. When the exiting fuel meets with the air fromair circuits Outer fluid circuit 108 is defined in a space in an axial direction between anouter shell 113 and secondfuel circuit wall 114.Outer shell 113 is connected tocombustor dome 104 by way ofspacer 107.Outer shell 113 andcombustor dome 104 are both components ofcombustor housing 102. Thecombustor housing 102 could also be used withoutouter shell 113. In that case, outerfluid circuit 108 would be defined between the secondfuel circuit wall 114 and thecombustor dome 104. - As shown in
Figs. 5-6 ,fluid nozzle 101 includes afuel distributor 103 with a larger diameter annulus as compared with traditional spin-style fuel distributors.Fluid nozzle 101 processes the fuel and air together within thenozzle 101 in a more intensive manner to produce more flammable mixtures, resulting in improved combustion performance. The larger diameter allowsfluid nozzle 101 to handle more air. In order to ensure that the liquid or gas, e.g. liquid fuel, is distributed evenly about the larger diameter of the fuel distributor to avoid pooling due to gravity, a ring-shaped, e.g. toroidal, annular, or the like,permeable barrier 116 is positioned between the first and secondfuel circuit walls permeable barrier 116 is rigidly attached to the impervious adjacent first and secondfuel circuit walls permeable barrier 116 only. Ring-shapedpermeable barrier 116 is configured and adapted to provide a controlled resistance to fuel flow throughfuel circuit 110 to annular distributedfuel outlet 120. Ring-shapedpermeable barrier 116 is a flow distributor body, e.g. a sintered metal flow distributor body. Ring-shapedpermeable barrier 116 can be formed from a variety of other suitable materials, such as plastic, composite materials, or the like. - As shown in
Fig. 6 , the permeability of a sintered metal flow distributor body is determined by pore size and void fraction. The pressure drop (ΔP) across a radial thickness (t) of the sintered metalflow distributor body 116 can have a relatively linear relationship with mass flow rate (ṁ), as the fuel mass flow rate increases, the pressure drop across the sintered metalflow distributor body 116 increases, as represented by Darcy's Law, equation 1 below, where A is the flow area of the sintered metalflow distributor body 116, v is the kinematic viscosity of the fluid and α is the viscous permeability coefficient of the fluid: -
- As already stated, pressure drop for conventional-style fuel distributors is parabolic with mass flow rate. As such, the spin features of the fuel distributor of a conventional nozzle would have to be enlarged to reduce the pressure required at the max flow rate, thereby reducing the pressure drop available at low flow for atomization.
- As shown in
Figs. 4-6 , ring-shapedpermeable barrier 116 has anouter diameter inlet 118 and aninner diameter outlet 120. Theinner diameter outlet 120 includes abeveled surface 122 which allows for a fluid lip at theinner diameter outlet 120 to intermix with air from inner and outerfluid circuits surface 122 is positioned such that it diverges from longitudinal axis A in the downstream direction. Ring-shapedpermeable barrier 116 is configured and adapted to resist flow causing the fluid to completely fill the distribution channel 124 (e.g. the portion ofannular fuel circuit 110 not filled with permeable barrier 116) before significantly flowing out of the exit annulus. Fluid, e.g. fuel, is then uniformly distributed around the entire annular diameter at much lower flow than possible in conventional spin chambers of the same diameter. The effusive flow is then exposed to high velocity air which shears the film from the surface of thedistributor 110, and accelerates it to simultaneously produce very fine atomization and a rapid level of mixing with the air. In some embodiments, ring-shapedpermeable barrier 116 is produced by additive manufacturing, such as powder bed processes, e.g. sintering, or laser cladding, or three-dimensional printing, e.g. laying down thin layers of heated material on top of each other to form the 3D object, cold spray deposition. However, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that a variety of suitable manufacturing methods can be utilized to generatebarrier 116. - Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that, while embodiments shown and described have the first and second fluid circuits and the fuel circuit spaced apart radially and axially with a radial flow direction, some embodiments can include geometry where fluid in the air circuits and/or fluid circuits flow primarily axially flowing axially or even to conical geometries with the flow flowing both axially and radially. There is an inner location relative to the swirling flow axis and an outer non swirling location which confines the swirling flow but this must not imply a strictly radial geometry.
- The fluid nozzles of the present disclosure, as described above and shown in the drawings, provide for improved and more uniform fuel distribution in annular fuel distributors for air blast fuel nozzles in gas turbine engines. While the fluid nozzles have been shown and described with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that changes and/or modifications may be made thereto without departing from the scope of the subject disclosure as defined by the claims.
Claims (10)
- A fluid nozzle (101) comprising:a first fluid circuit (106);a second fluid circuit (108) spaced apart from the first fluid circuit;a fuel circuit (110) defined between the first and second fluid circuits and between a first fuel circuit wall (112) and a second fuel circuit wall (114); anda permeable barrier (116) between the first and second fuel circuit walls configured and adapted to provide a controlled resistance to fuel flow;characterized in thatthe permeable barrier is ring-shaped and has an outer diameter fuel inlet (118) and an inner diameter fuel outlet (120), wherein the inner diameter outlet includes a beveled surface (122).
- The fluid nozzle as recited in claim 1, wherein the ring-shaped permeable barrier includes a sintered metal distributor body.
- The fluid nozzle as recited in any preceding claim, wherein the ring-shaped permeable barrier is produced by additive manufacturing.
- The fluid nozzle as recited in any preceding claim, wherein at least one of the first or second fluid circuits is a swirling air circuit.
- The fluid nozzle as recited in any preceding claim, wherein at least one of the first or second fluid circuits is a non-swirling air circuit.
- The fluid nozzle as recited in any preceding claim, wherein the first fluid circuit is defined between a first annular swirler shell (109) and second annular swirler shell (111).
- The fluid nozzle as recited in any preceding claim, further comprising a fuel inlet in fluid communication with the fuel circuit.
- A combustion assembly (100) comprising:a combustor housing (102);a combustor dome (104) positioned at an upstream end of the combustor housing; andthe fluid nozzle (101) according to any of claims 1 to 7 positioned adjacent to the combustor dome.
- The combustion assembly as recited in claim 8, wherein the first fluid circuit is a swirling air circuit.
- The combustion assembly as recited in claim 8 or 9, wherein the second fluid circuit is a non-swirling air circuit.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US202063016711P | 2020-04-28 | 2020-04-28 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3904768A1 EP3904768A1 (en) | 2021-11-03 |
EP3904768B1 true EP3904768B1 (en) | 2024-04-17 |
Family
ID=75690166
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP21170612.2A Active EP3904768B1 (en) | 2020-04-28 | 2021-04-27 | Fluid nozzle |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US11885496B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3904768B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN217152127U (en) * | 2022-05-05 | 2022-08-09 | 广东华控汽车科技有限公司 | Electric control throttle valve with improved structure |
Family Cites Families (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1317186A (en) | 1969-07-11 | 1973-05-16 | Dunlop Holdings Ltd | Fuel supply nozzles |
US4478045A (en) * | 1980-03-07 | 1984-10-23 | Solar Turbines Incorporated | Combustors and gas turbine engines employing same |
FR2699963B1 (en) * | 1992-12-24 | 1995-03-17 | Europ Propulsion | Close combustion gas generator. |
DE19926687C2 (en) * | 1999-06-11 | 2001-06-13 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Fuel delivery module with integrated fuel filter and potential connection |
US20130192243A1 (en) | 2012-01-31 | 2013-08-01 | Matthew Patrick Boespflug | Fuel nozzle for a gas turbine engine and method of operating the same |
KR101689930B1 (en) * | 2014-09-04 | 2016-12-27 | 한국기계연구원 | Fuel supplying apparatus for used in combuster and improved flow uniformity |
US10385809B2 (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2019-08-20 | Delavan Inc. | Fuel nozzles |
US9897321B2 (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2018-02-20 | Delavan Inc. | Fuel nozzles |
GB201511841D0 (en) * | 2015-07-07 | 2015-08-19 | Rolls Royce Plc | Fuel spray nozel for a gas turbine engine |
US10876477B2 (en) * | 2016-09-16 | 2020-12-29 | Delavan Inc | Nozzles with internal manifolding |
US10527286B2 (en) * | 2016-12-16 | 2020-01-07 | Delavan, Inc | Staged radial air swirler with radial liquid fuel distributor |
US10344981B2 (en) * | 2016-12-16 | 2019-07-09 | Delavan Inc. | Staged dual fuel radial nozzle with radial liquid fuel distributor |
US10634355B2 (en) * | 2016-12-16 | 2020-04-28 | Delavan Inc. | Dual fuel radial flow nozzles |
JP6871214B2 (en) * | 2018-09-26 | 2021-05-12 | 株式会社東芝 | Turbine equipment and combustor nozzle |
US11280495B2 (en) * | 2020-03-04 | 2022-03-22 | General Electric Company | Gas turbine combustor fuel injector flow device including vanes |
-
2021
- 2021-04-27 EP EP21170612.2A patent/EP3904768B1/en active Active
- 2021-04-28 US US17/243,246 patent/US11885496B2/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP3904768A1 (en) | 2021-11-03 |
US20210332981A1 (en) | 2021-10-28 |
US11885496B2 (en) | 2024-01-30 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US10267515B2 (en) | Fractal fluid passages apparatus | |
US6460344B1 (en) | Fuel atomization method for turbine combustion engines having aerodynamic turning vanes | |
US7454914B2 (en) | Helical channel for distributor and method | |
Lee et al. | Spray characteristics of a pintle injector based on annular orifice area | |
CN106247404B (en) | Membranae praeformativa air blast (PAB) guiding device with annular splitter | |
EP2589867B1 (en) | Injectors for multipoint injection | |
WO2020134068A1 (en) | Gas-liquid two-phase flow atomizing nozzle and design method therefor | |
CN106247405B (en) | Membranae praeformativa air blast (PAB) guiding device for low emission combustor | |
US20030196440A1 (en) | Fuel nozzle for turbine combustion engines having aerodynamic turning vanes | |
US8938974B1 (en) | Method for determining optimum injector inlet geometry | |
US5438834A (en) | Close combustion gas generator | |
CN102272524A (en) | Two-component nozzle, bundle nozzle and method for atomizing fluids | |
EP3209392B1 (en) | Automatic nozzle for firefighting systems | |
EP3904768B1 (en) | Fluid nozzle | |
AU2022291560A1 (en) | Fuel nozzle for a gas turbine with radial swirler and axial swirler and gas turbine | |
US20070029408A1 (en) | Throttleable swirling injector for combustion chambers | |
KR101438511B1 (en) | coaxial injector | |
CN116697403A (en) | Flame stabilizer and flame stabilizing method based on plane jet | |
EP3465009B1 (en) | Fuel nozzle for a gas turbine with radial swirler and axial swirler and gas turbine | |
Kushari et al. | Internally mixed liquid injector for active control of atomization process | |
Park et al. | Measurement of film thickness in gas-centered swirl coaxial injectors | |
EP4067747A1 (en) | Turbine engine fuel injector with non-circular nozzle passage | |
이수지 | Spray Characteristics of a Pintle Injector with Geometric Parameters | |
Chaudhari et al. | Design and experimental investigation of 60 pressure swirl nozzle for penetration length and cone angle at different pressure | |
EP3499127A1 (en) | Tapered helical fuel distributor |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION HAS BEEN PUBLISHED |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
B565 | Issuance of search results under rule 164(2) epc |
Effective date: 20211004 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE |
|
RAP3 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: COLLINS ENGINE NOZZLES, INC. |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20220502 |
|
RBV | Designated contracting states (corrected) |
Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20230213 |
|
P01 | Opt-out of the competence of the unified patent court (upc) registered |
Effective date: 20230922 |
|
GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: GRANT OF PATENT IS INTENDED |
|
INTG | Intention to grant announced |
Effective date: 20231113 |
|
GRAS | Grant fee paid |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3 |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE PATENT HAS BEEN GRANTED |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: FG4D |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: EP |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R096 Ref document number: 602021011792 Country of ref document: DE |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: FG4D |