EP3901561A1 - Shotgun shells from natural plant fibers - Google Patents
Shotgun shells from natural plant fibers Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3901561A1 EP3901561A1 EP20172878.9A EP20172878A EP3901561A1 EP 3901561 A1 EP3901561 A1 EP 3901561A1 EP 20172878 A EP20172878 A EP 20172878A EP 3901561 A1 EP3901561 A1 EP 3901561A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- natural plant
- hull
- shotgun
- head
- plant fiber
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 241000609240 Ambelania acida Species 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000010905 bagasse Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 claims 3
- 241001133760 Acoelorraphe Species 0.000 abstract description 3
- 240000008790 Musa x paradisiaca Species 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000018290 Musa x paradisiaca Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 244000082204 Phyllostachys viridis Species 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 17
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920000704 biodegradable plastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001659 Renewable Polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 240000000111 Saccharum officinarum Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000007201 Saccharum officinarum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000005014 poly(hydroxyalkanoate) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000903 polyhydroxyalkanoate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001222 biopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002383 tung oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B5/00—Cartridge ammunition, e.g. separately-loaded propellant charges
- F42B5/26—Cartridge cases
Definitions
- the invention is in the field of firearms and more particularly in the field of shotgun ammunition.
- FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary shotgun shell 100 in cross-section.
- the shotgun shell 100 comprises a cylindrical hull 110 joined to a cylindrical base 120.
- the hull 110 is loaded with shot 130 and a wad 140.
- the base 120 includes a head 150, propellant 160, a base wad 170, and a primer 180.
- the propellant 160 can also extend into the hull 110.
- the hull 110 and base 120 are both sized to fit within a particular shotgun chamber, that is, both have the same outside diameter which is slightly less than the inside diameter of the shotgun chamber into which they must fit easily but without much excess space.
- the hull 110 is typically made from a petroleum-based plastic while the base 120 includes brass.
- the hull 110 is manufactured from wood pulp-based paper that is coated with a wax coating to prevent the paper from absorbing moisture and swelling.
- the waxed paper is wound to form a cylinder.
- paper hulls 110 are water resistant due to the wax, they are not waterproof. Accordingly, petroleum-based plastics generally have replaced paper as the preferred material for hulls 110 in order to avoid the problem of not being waterproof.
- the head 150 is a short cylinder with a capped end, and the end with the cap includes a circumferential lip that retains the shotgun shell 100 at the end of the shotgun's chamber.
- the base wad 170 is a ringshaped component that holds the primer 180 in its center and fits into the head 150 such that the primer 180 is held in position. At one time base wads 170 were made from horsehair.
- the primer 180 is a pre-manufactured component comprising a small, cylindrical metal can filled with a shock-sensitive explosive. The primer 180 is press fit into a circular opening in the capped end of the head 150.
- the shot 130 comprises a number of equally sized balls of a high-density material such as lead, tungsten, or bismuth.
- the wad 140 separates the shot 130 from the propellant 160 to prevent the shot 130 and propellant 160 from mixing, and keeps the propellant 160 packed tightly in place.
- the wad 140 also helps prevent the gas generated by the burning propellant 160 from blowing through the shot 140 rather than propelling it.
- shotgun shells 100 commonly include additional optional components, such as multiple wads, that have been omitted here for greater clarity.
- the head 150 is typically made of brass, or steel that has been brass plated.
- both the head 150 and the hull 110 are one integral brass piece, while the hull 110 and head 150 in other shotgun shells 100 are integrally made of plastic.
- a brass ring is cast into the head 150 to provide strength.
- the length of the head 150 along the length of the shotgun shell 100 can vary.
- the base 120 is partially assembled with the base wad 170 and primer 180 secured in the head 150.
- An end of the hull 110 is fit inside of the head 150 and the two are adhered together.
- the overlapping region of the hull 110 and head 150 is heated to soften or melt the plastic or wax coating which then sticks to the inside of the head 150 upon cooling.
- the propellant 160, wad 140, and shot 130 are added through the open end of the hull 110 and tamped down. Finally, the open end of the hull 110 is crimped to seal it.
- An exemplary shotgun shell hull of the present invention comprises a cylinder made of a natural plant fiber and sized to fit a shotgun chamber, the cylinder crimped at one end.
- Exemplary natural plant fibers include bagasse from the production of sugarcane, leaf fibers like banana and palm, and bamboo fibers.
- Exemplary shotgun shells of the present invention comprise a hull as just described adhered to a cylindrical head formed of brass or brass-coated steel and including a primer. When the shotgun shell is loaded, the head and hull includes a propellant and shot.
- exemplary shotgun shells of the present invention comprise a cylindrical hull including a natural plant fiber and sized to fit a shotgun chamber, the hull crimped at one end, and a cylindrical head, integral with the hull and also including the natural plant fiber, the head including a primer.
- the head further comprises a brass or brass-coated steel band.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a shotgun shell of the prior art and of embodiments of the present invention.
- the present invention is directed to hulls 110 for shotgun shells 100, to shotgun shells 100 including such hulls 110, and to methods for manufacturing the same.
- Hulls 110 of the present invention are made of a natural plant fiber and optionally include some brass, but do not include plastics, or do not include petroleum-based plastics, or do not include petroleum-based plastics or bioplastics.
- shotgun shells of the present invention that might end up in ecologically sensitive areas like estuaries and marshes will degrade over time to natural organic debris, and optionally a small amount of brass. Shotgun shells 100 with hulls 110 made of petroleum-based plastics do not decay. Havens et al.
- Natural plant fibers expressly excludes plastics, including petroleumbased plastics and bioplastics, and also excludes papers made from wood pulp. Natural plant fibers are expressly limited to seed fibers, fruit fibers, stalk fibers, leaf fibers, and bast fibers. Particular examples of natural plant fibers include bagasse from the production of sugarcane, leaf fibers like banana and palm, and bamboo fibers.
- the natural plant fibers are molded into cylinders of appropriate wall thickness and diameter using sufficient heat and pressure.
- the hulls 110 are sized as appropriate for conventional shotgun shells 100 to fit conventional shotguns.
- a release agent such as cotton oil or tung oil can be used.
- the resulting cylinders can be trimmed to the desired length for a hull 110, or continuous lengths can be produced and cut into segments of appropriate length.
- Hulls 110 are optionally formed by mixing the natural plant fibers with a biodegradable binder such as any commonly available plant-based starch or equivalents thereof as disclosed in Lehmann (US 2018/0014668 published on January 8, 2018 ) which is incorporated herein by reference.
- Finished hulls 110 can be coated with a biopolymer such as biopolyethylene, also known as renewable polyethylene, polyethylene (PE) or polylactide (PLA) or a waterproof coating such as PVB resin as disclosed in Jiang (WO 1999050151 A1 published on October 7, 1999 ) which is also incorporated herein by reference.
- a biopolymer such as biopolyethylene, also known as renewable polyethylene, polyethylene (PE) or polylactide (PLA) or a waterproof coating such as PVB resin as disclosed in Jiang (WO 1999050151 A1 published on October 7, 1999 ) which is also incorporated herein by reference.
- both the hull 110 and the head 150 are integral and therefore both formed as one piece from natural plant fibers.
- the head 150 is molded to include a circumferential lip that retains the shotgun shell 100 at the end of the shotgun's chamber.
- the primer 180 will always include a small amount of metal so that the firing pin has something to strike.
- Other embodiments include a brass band, as generally illustrated by FIG. 1 .
- the brass band includes the circumferential lip, while in other embodiments the brass band is a simple cylinder and the circumferential lip is molded from the natural plant fiber as part of the head 150.
- Hulls 110 of the present invention can be made, for example, by mixing a natural plant fiber, or a combination of natural plant fibers from different sources, with a binder. The mixture is injected into a mold around a mandrel and cured. After release from the mold the hulls 110 can be coated and dried. Shotgun shells 100 can be assembled from the hulls 110 in the manner described above. It will be appreciated that the finished hulls 110 of the present invention include actual fibers of the natural plant fibers, and this is distinguished from plastic hulls 110 made from a plastic derived from natural plant fiber through a process that eliminates those fibers to yield an anisotropic material.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The invention is in the field of firearms and more particularly in the field of shotgun ammunition.
- Shotgun shells (or shotshells or shotgun cartridges) hold a number of pellets, or shot, that are propelled from the barrel of a shotgun when fired.
FIG. 1 illustrates anexemplary shotgun shell 100 in cross-section. Theshotgun shell 100 comprises acylindrical hull 110 joined to acylindrical base 120. Thehull 110 is loaded withshot 130 and awad 140. Thebase 120 includes ahead 150,propellant 160, abase wad 170, and aprimer 180. Thepropellant 160 can also extend into thehull 110. Thehull 110 andbase 120 are both sized to fit within a particular shotgun chamber, that is, both have the same outside diameter which is slightly less than the inside diameter of the shotgun chamber into which they must fit easily but without much excess space. - The
hull 110 is typically made from a petroleum-based plastic while thebase 120 includes brass. In some designs, thehull 110 is manufactured from wood pulp-based paper that is coated with a wax coating to prevent the paper from absorbing moisture and swelling. The waxed paper is wound to form a cylinder. Whilepaper hulls 110 are water resistant due to the wax, they are not waterproof. Accordingly, petroleum-based plastics generally have replaced paper as the preferred material forhulls 110 in order to avoid the problem of not being waterproof. - In some prior
art shotgun shells 100, thehead 150 is a short cylinder with a capped end, and the end with the cap includes a circumferential lip that retains theshotgun shell 100 at the end of the shotgun's chamber. Thebase wad 170 is a ringshaped component that holds theprimer 180 in its center and fits into thehead 150 such that theprimer 180 is held in position. At onetime base wads 170 were made from horsehair. Theprimer 180 is a pre-manufactured component comprising a small, cylindrical metal can filled with a shock-sensitive explosive. Theprimer 180 is press fit into a circular opening in the capped end of thehead 150. - The
shot 130 comprises a number of equally sized balls of a high-density material such as lead, tungsten, or bismuth. Thewad 140 separates theshot 130 from thepropellant 160 to prevent theshot 130 andpropellant 160 from mixing, and keeps thepropellant 160 packed tightly in place. Thewad 140 also helps prevent the gas generated by theburning propellant 160 from blowing through theshot 140 rather than propelling it. It will be appreciated thatshotgun shells 100 commonly include additional optional components, such as multiple wads, that have been omitted here for greater clarity. - The
head 150 is typically made of brass, or steel that has been brass plated. For someshotgun shells 100, both thehead 150 and thehull 110 are one integral brass piece, while thehull 110 andhead 150 inother shotgun shells 100 are integrally made of plastic. In a variation of the all-plastic shell 100, a brass ring is cast into thehead 150 to provide strength. The length of thehead 150 along the length of theshotgun shell 100 can vary. - In a typical method of manufacturing a
shotgun shell 100, thebase 120 is partially assembled with thebase wad 170 andprimer 180 secured in thehead 150. An end of thehull 110 is fit inside of thehead 150 and the two are adhered together. With plastic orpaper hulls 110, the overlapping region of thehull 110 andhead 150 is heated to soften or melt the plastic or wax coating which then sticks to the inside of thehead 150 upon cooling. Next, thepropellant 160,wad 140, andshot 130 are added through the open end of thehull 110 and tamped down. Finally, the open end of thehull 110 is crimped to seal it. - The invention is defined in claims 1, 5 and 10, respectively. Particular embodiments are set out in the dependent claims.
An exemplary shotgun shell hull of the present invention comprises a cylinder made of a natural plant fiber and sized to fit a shotgun chamber, the cylinder crimped at one end. Exemplary natural plant fibers include bagasse from the production of sugarcane, leaf fibers like banana and palm, and bamboo fibers. Exemplary shotgun shells of the present invention comprise a hull as just described adhered to a cylindrical head formed of brass or brass-coated steel and including a primer. When the shotgun shell is loaded, the head and hull includes a propellant and shot. - Other exemplary shotgun shells of the present invention comprise a cylindrical hull including a natural plant fiber and sized to fit a shotgun chamber, the hull crimped at one end, and a cylindrical head, integral with the hull and also including the natural plant fiber, the head including a primer. In various embodiments the head further comprises a brass or brass-coated steel band.
-
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a shotgun shell of the prior art and of embodiments of the present invention. - The present invention is directed to
hulls 110 forshotgun shells 100, toshotgun shells 100 includingsuch hulls 110, and to methods for manufacturing the same.Hulls 110 of the present invention are made of a natural plant fiber and optionally include some brass, but do not include plastics, or do not include petroleum-based plastics, or do not include petroleum-based plastics or bioplastics. As such, shotgun shells of the present invention that might end up in ecologically sensitive areas like estuaries and marshes will degrade over time to natural organic debris, and optionally a small amount of brass.Shotgun shells 100 withhulls 110 made of petroleum-based plastics do not decay. Havens et al. (US 9,528,800 - Natural plant fibers, as used herein, expressly excludes plastics, including petroleumbased plastics and bioplastics, and also excludes papers made from wood pulp. Natural plant fibers are expressly limited to seed fibers, fruit fibers, stalk fibers, leaf fibers, and bast fibers. Particular examples of natural plant fibers include bagasse from the production of sugarcane, leaf fibers like banana and palm, and bamboo fibers.
- The natural plant fibers are molded into cylinders of appropriate wall thickness and diameter using sufficient heat and pressure. The
hulls 110 are sized as appropriate forconventional shotgun shells 100 to fit conventional shotguns. A release agent, such as cotton oil or tung oil can be used. The resulting cylinders can be trimmed to the desired length for ahull 110, or continuous lengths can be produced and cut into segments of appropriate length.Hulls 110 are optionally formed by mixing the natural plant fibers with a biodegradable binder such as any commonly available plant-based starch or equivalents thereof as disclosed inLehmann (US 2018/0014668 published on January 8, 2018 ) which is incorporated herein by reference. Finishedhulls 110 can be coated with a biopolymer such as biopolyethylene, also known as renewable polyethylene, polyethylene (PE) or polylactide (PLA) or a waterproof coating such as PVB resin as disclosed inJiang (WO 1999050151 A1 published on October 7, 1999 ) which is also incorporated herein by reference. - In some embodiments of the invention both the
hull 110 and thehead 150 are integral and therefore both formed as one piece from natural plant fibers. In embodiments made without brass, thehead 150 is molded to include a circumferential lip that retains theshotgun shell 100 at the end of the shotgun's chamber. In those embodiments in which thehull 110 andhead 150 are integral, theprimer 180 will always include a small amount of metal so that the firing pin has something to strike. Other embodiments include a brass band, as generally illustrated byFIG. 1 . In some of these embodiments, the brass band includes the circumferential lip, while in other embodiments the brass band is a simple cylinder and the circumferential lip is molded from the natural plant fiber as part of thehead 150. -
Hulls 110 of the present invention can be made, for example, by mixing a natural plant fiber, or a combination of natural plant fibers from different sources, with a binder. The mixture is injected into a mold around a mandrel and cured. After release from the mold thehulls 110 can be coated and dried.Shotgun shells 100 can be assembled from thehulls 110 in the manner described above. It will be appreciated that thefinished hulls 110 of the present invention include actual fibers of the natural plant fibers, and this is distinguished fromplastic hulls 110 made from a plastic derived from natural plant fiber through a process that eliminates those fibers to yield an anisotropic material. - The embodiments discussed herein are illustrative of the present invention. As these embodiments of the present invention are described with reference to illustrations, various modifications or adaptations of the methods and or specific structures described may become apparent to those skilled in the art. All such modifications, adaptations, or variations that rely upon the teachings of the present invention, and through which these teachings have advanced the art, are considered to be within the spirit and scope of the present invention. Hence, these descriptions and drawings should not be considered in a limiting sense, as it is understood that the present invention is in no way limited to only the embodiments illustrated.
Claims (15)
- A shotgun shell hull comprising:
a cylinder comprising a natural plant fiber and sized to fit a shotgun chamber, the cylinder crimped at one end. - The shotgun shell hull of claim 1, wherein the natural plant fiber comprises bagasse.
- The shotgun shell hull of claim 1, wherein the natural plant fiber comprises a leaf fiber.
- The shotgun shell hull of claim 1, wherein the natural plant fiber comprises bamboo fiber.
- A shotgun shell comprising:a cylindrical hull including a natural plant fiber and sized to fit a shotgun chamber, the hull crimped at one end; anda cylindrical head formed of brass or brass-coated steel and including a primer, the hull being adhered to the head.
- The shotgun shell of claim 5, wherein the head and hull include a propellant and shot.
- The shotgun shell of claim 5 or 6, wherein the natural plant fiber comprises bagasse.
- The shotgun shell of claim 5 or 6, wherein the natural plant fiber comprises a leaf fiber.
- The shotgun shell of claim 5 or 6, wherein the natural plant fiber comprises bamboo fiber.
- A shotgun shell comprising:a cylindrical hull including a natural plant fiber and sized to fit a shotgun chamber, the hull crimped at one end; anda cylindrical head, integral with the hull and also including the natural plant fiber, the head including a primer.
- The shotgun shell of claim 10, wherein the head and hull include a propellant and shot.
- The shotgun shell of claim 10 or 11, wherein the natural plant fiber comprises bagasse.
- The shotgun shell of claim 10 or 11, wherein the natural plant fiber comprises a leaf fiber.
- The shotgun shell of claim 10 or 11, wherein the natural plant fiber comprises bamboo fiber.
- The shotgun shell of any of claims 10 to 14, wherein the head further comprises a brass or brass-coated steel band.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US202016853661A | 2020-04-20 | 2020-04-20 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3901561A1 true EP3901561A1 (en) | 2021-10-27 |
Family
ID=70553834
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP20172878.9A Pending EP3901561A1 (en) | 2020-04-20 | 2020-05-05 | Shotgun shells from natural plant fibers |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3901561A1 (en) |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE35535C (en) * | 1885-10-06 | 1886-05-24 | M. P. E. GERARD in Paris, 4 Place de l'Opera | CARTRIDGE CASES PRESSED FROM ROLLED PAPER |
GB751686A (en) * | 1953-08-03 | 1956-07-04 | Gevelot S A | Improvements in or relating to cartridge cases |
FR2144008A5 (en) * | 1971-06-28 | 1973-02-09 | Gevelot Sa | |
WO1999050151A1 (en) | 1998-03-27 | 1999-10-07 | Jianguo Jiang | Dinner ware or packaging elements for foodstuff and articles made from plant fiber as well as a method for making them |
EP2078921A2 (en) * | 2008-01-09 | 2009-07-15 | Cheddite France | Method for manufacturing cylinders for cartridge shells and composition |
US20140060372A1 (en) * | 2011-01-14 | 2014-03-06 | Pcp Tactical, Llc | Variable inside shoulder polymer cartridge |
US9528800B2 (en) | 2013-06-14 | 2016-12-27 | College Of William And Mary | Degradable shotgun wad |
US20180014668A1 (en) | 2017-09-25 | 2018-01-18 | Terry Lehmann | Recyclable Disposable Tableware Fabricated From Rapidly Renewable Resources |
-
2020
- 2020-05-05 EP EP20172878.9A patent/EP3901561A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE35535C (en) * | 1885-10-06 | 1886-05-24 | M. P. E. GERARD in Paris, 4 Place de l'Opera | CARTRIDGE CASES PRESSED FROM ROLLED PAPER |
GB751686A (en) * | 1953-08-03 | 1956-07-04 | Gevelot S A | Improvements in or relating to cartridge cases |
FR2144008A5 (en) * | 1971-06-28 | 1973-02-09 | Gevelot Sa | |
WO1999050151A1 (en) | 1998-03-27 | 1999-10-07 | Jianguo Jiang | Dinner ware or packaging elements for foodstuff and articles made from plant fiber as well as a method for making them |
EP2078921A2 (en) * | 2008-01-09 | 2009-07-15 | Cheddite France | Method for manufacturing cylinders for cartridge shells and composition |
US20140060372A1 (en) * | 2011-01-14 | 2014-03-06 | Pcp Tactical, Llc | Variable inside shoulder polymer cartridge |
US9528800B2 (en) | 2013-06-14 | 2016-12-27 | College Of William And Mary | Degradable shotgun wad |
US20180014668A1 (en) | 2017-09-25 | 2018-01-18 | Terry Lehmann | Recyclable Disposable Tableware Fabricated From Rapidly Renewable Resources |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US11199384B2 (en) | Lightweight cartridge case | |
US20220214148A1 (en) | Polymer ammunition having a projectile made by metal injection molding | |
US10591260B2 (en) | Polymer ammunition having a projectile made by metal injection molding | |
CA1207185A (en) | Use of radiation cross-linked polyethylene for the production of cartridges | |
US2953990A (en) | Ammunition | |
US2983224A (en) | Plastics sabot | |
US9377277B1 (en) | Advanced muzzle loader ammunition | |
DK2859299T3 (en) | Practice projectile and exercise cartridge | |
US4208968A (en) | Projectile for practice ammunition | |
US8881634B1 (en) | Muzzle loader powder increment using celluloid combustible container | |
US3176617A (en) | Separate loading of artiliery propellant charges | |
EP4025862B1 (en) | A wad for a shotgun cartridge | |
EP3901561A1 (en) | Shotgun shells from natural plant fibers | |
US20060096485A1 (en) | Caseless, complete round and also a method of manufacturing such a caseless, complete round | |
EP0475279B1 (en) | Main propellant ignition liner for cased telescoped ammunition | |
US3628456A (en) | Propellant charge for telescoped caseless ammunition having a deterrent-coated aft-end | |
EP2965037B1 (en) | Wad for cartridge | |
US5063854A (en) | Propelling cage discarding sabot for a spin-stabilized subcaliber projectile | |
US20030192632A1 (en) | Method for production of nitrocellulose base for consolidated charges and consolidated propellant charge based thereon | |
EP4155659A1 (en) | Biodegradable shotshell components | |
EP4170278A1 (en) | Shotshell with a biodegradable wad | |
RU2096739C1 (en) | Subcaliber bullet | |
FR2485182A1 (en) | Combustible tube of nitrocellulose and cellulose fibres - prepd. by paper-making technique, used in ammunition | |
JP2008175464A (en) | Combustible container | |
Puri | Combustible cartridge cases: An account of the current technology and proposals for future development |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION HAS BEEN PUBLISHED |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
B565 | Issuance of search results under rule 164(2) epc |
Effective date: 20201001 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20220308 |
|
RBV | Designated contracting states (corrected) |
Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION HAS BEEN WITHDRAWN |