EP3894314B1 - Faired towing cable - Google Patents
Faired towing cable Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3894314B1 EP3894314B1 EP19817297.5A EP19817297A EP3894314B1 EP 3894314 B1 EP3894314 B1 EP 3894314B1 EP 19817297 A EP19817297 A EP 19817297A EP 3894314 B1 EP3894314 B1 EP 3894314B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cable
- edges
- axis
- core
- leading
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
- B63B21/56—Towing or pushing equipment
- B63B21/66—Equipment specially adapted for towing underwater objects or vessels, e.g. fairings for tow-cables
- B63B21/663—Fairings
Definitions
- the present invention relates to ducted tractor cables implemented on a ship to tow a submersible body dropped at sea. It relates more particularly to ducted tractor cables by means of scales or sections hinged together.
- the invention can be implemented for any type of streamlined elongated element intended to be at least partially submerged.
- a cable according to the state of the art is shown in the document US3379161 .
- the context of the invention is that of a ship intended to tow a submersible object such as a variable depth sonar antenna integrated into a towed body.
- the submersible body in the non-operational phase, the submersible body is stored on board the ship and the cable is wound around the reel of a winch allowing the cable to be wound and unwound, in order to launch and recover the submersible object.
- the submersible body in the operational phase, the submersible body is submerged behind the vessel and towed by the latter by means of the cable, the end of which connected to the submersible body is submerged.
- the cable is wound/unwound by the winch through a cable guide device which guides the cable.
- the towing cable is streamlined, which makes it possible to reduce its hydrodynamic drag as well as the vibrations generated by the hydrodynamic flow around the cable.
- the cable is covered with a segmented fairing composed of fairings having shapes intended to reduce the hydrodynamic drag of the cable.
- the role of the hulls is to reduce the wake turbulence produced by the movement of the cable in the water, when it is immersed in the water and towed by the ship.
- the rigidity of the hulls is necessary for great immersions going hand in hand with high towing speeds which can exceed 20 knots. It is recalled that the knot is a unit of speed commonly used in the maritime and aeronautical fields. One knot is equal to 1.852 km/h.
- Flexible fairings are interesting only for economically profiling chains or buoy cables subjected to sea currents or towed at low speeds, typically less than 6 to 8 knots.
- segmentation of the fairing into fairings is necessary so that the cable can be wound on the reel of a winch and pass through the guide elements of the pulley type, and so as to be able to support a lateral deflection of the cable in the event of a change of course of the vessel.
- the hulls are rotatable around the longitudinal axis of the cable. It is in fact necessary for the hulls to be able to rotate freely around the cable in order to be correctly oriented with respect to the flow of the water. Except for the end hull, each hull is however linked to its two neighbors axially and in rotation around the cable. The link is ensured by intermediate mechanical parts called fishplates assembled between each of the hulls.
- the set of hulls and splints is called hull column.
- a functional clearance is present between each fishplate and the associated fairings, in particular in order to allow the streamlined cable to pass smoothly through all the guiding elements, such as pulleys or fairleads and to wrap around a reel for the storage of the cable on the deck of the ship.
- the rotation of a hull causes a rotation of its neighbors and gradually that of all the hulls. Consequently, both when the cable is deployed in the water and when it is wound around the reel, any change in orientation of one of the hulls gradually affects all of the hulls of the cable.
- the hulls are naturally oriented in the direction of the current generated by the movement of the vessel.
- the guiding device is conventionally configured to orient and guide the hulls which pass through it so that they have a predefined orientation with respect to the reel of the winch. As the cable rises, all the hulls adopt the same orientation relative to the reel, an orientation that allows the cable to be rolled up while keeping the hulls parallel to each other.
- Streamlined towing cables are subject to a random torsion phenomenon at their aerial part, that is to say between the surface of the water and the towing device arranged on the deck of the ship.
- This twist is not immediately dangerous but can easily become so if not detected in time and resolved.
- the minimal damage that can result is the crushing of part of the hull column. This crushing can lead to limited consequences but it can also deteriorate, tear the sheath of the cable, block the winch or damage it and thus lead to the unavailability of the entire submerged system.
- the torsion phenomenon can also appear on the submerged part of the cable. This phenomenon coupled with the speed of the cable in the water causes very strong torques on the hulls and on their links.
- the cable can be fitted with crimped rings allowing the hulls to be blocked longitudinally along the cable.
- the rings absorb the forces undergone by the hulls along the axis of the cable. These rings are regularly distributed along the cable with a pitch for example of several tens of hulls.
- the column of fairings which forms like a sheath not linked to the cable naturally adopts a running speed which is necessarily lower than that of the cable.
- the hull column is then progressively pushed against the crimped rings on the cable. This pressure caused by the passage on the pulley can lead to very high pressures and damage the faces of the hulls in contact with the rings.
- the Applicant has also observed damage to the hulls at their trailing edge forming the thinnest part of the hull and therefore the most fragile part. Despite all the precautions taken in the guide surfaces of the pulleys and the winch, the trailing edges are often damaged following violent contact or even jamming in slots or interstices.
- the invention aims to overcome all or part of the problems mentioned above by proposing a streamlined tractor cable intended to tow a submersible body, the cable comprising a core and a fairing assembled on the core, the fairing being profiled so as to reduce the hydrodynamic drag of the cable, the fairing comprising several leading edges and several trailing edges assembled on the leading edges. A trailing edge is directly maintained on two neighboring leading edges.
- the core extends mainly along an axis and the trailing edges are staggered relative to the leading edges along the axis.
- the core extends mainly along an axis.
- the leading edges form a folded shell around the core.
- the trailing edges are formed of a profile ensuring the hydrodynamic function of the trailing edge and of two arms each arranged inside one of the two neighboring leading edges. Each arm extends at least in a direction perpendicular to the axis. Each arm is held at the corresponding leading edge.
- each arm comprises two ends, a first of which is integral with the profile and a second of which is free.
- Each arm is held at the leading edge corresponding to the level of its second.
- each arm is held to the leading edge by a pivot link.
- the pivot connection is arranged at the level of the second free end of the corresponding arm and each leading edge comprises two stops each able to come into contact with one of the corresponding arms so as to limit the relative movement of the trailing edge and of the leading edge connected by the pivot link.
- the trailing edge comprises an intermediate arm connecting the two arms.
- the core extends mainly along an axis and for the various leading edges and trailing edges, perpendicular to the axis of the core, the fairing occupies a distance D with respect to the axis and a distance d occupied by the leading edges is at least equal to half the distance D.
- a projection of the leading edge is substantially rectangular, one side of which is limited by the distance d.
- the trailing edge comprises a profile ensuring the hydrodynamic function of the trailing edge.
- a projection of the profile is substantially rectangular, one of the sides of which is limited by the distance d and one of the sides of which is limited by the distance D.
- ends on the side of the leading edge have rounded corners and the profile is configured to follow the rounded corners.
- leading edges and the trailing edges are in one piece and made of homogeneous materials and a Young's modulus of the material forming the leading edges is greater than a Young's modulus of the material forming the trailing edges .
- rings fixed to the core are regularly distributed along the core, the leading edges being able to rest on the rings.
- the rings are arranged between two neighboring leading edges.
- the core extends mainly along an axis.
- Each leading edge comprises a channel extending essentially along an axis and in which the core is arranged.
- the channel flares out on either side of a section middle of the leading edge, the middle section being perpendicular to the axis of the channel.
- the figure 1 represents a ship 10 towing a submersible object 12 by means of a traction cable 14.
- the submersible object 12 is for example a sonar antenna, often called a fish, the depth of which can be variable.
- the invention is not limited to a sonar antenna. It can be implemented for any type of submersible object, such as seismic detectors or fishing gear.
- the submersible object 12 is secured to the cable 14.
- the launching and the exit from the water of the submersible object 12 is carried out by means of a winch 16 arranged on a deck 18 of the vessel 10.
- the winch 16 comprises a reel 20 sized to allow the winding of the cable 14.
- the cable 14 can be wound on the reel 20 passing through a guide device 22, such as for example a pulley or a fairlead.
- the reel 20 and the guide device 22 are dimensioned so as to limit the curvature of the cable 14.
- the guide device 22 also makes it possible to limit the lateral movement of the cable 14 downstream, that is to say on the sea side, in order to to allow the use of the submersible object 12 in heavy sea conditions.
- the guiding device can also be equipped with a shearing upstream, that is to say on the reel 20 side, allowing the cable 14 to be stored on the reel 20.
- Cable 14 may only be a mechanical link between vessel 10 and submersible object 12.
- cable 14 may transmit power and signals between vessel 10 and submersible object 12.
- the cable may include a sheath formed of a strand of metal son ensuring a certain flexibility in particular to allow the cable 14 to bend. Inside the sheath conductors can ensure the transmission of signals and power. These conductors can be of any kind: electrical, optical, fluidic, etc.
- the sheath provides mechanical protection for the internal conductors.
- the outer sheath of the cable is generally of circular section.
- the sheath and any internal conductors are referred to as core 24 below.
- the core 24 is advantageously streamlined, in particular to limit its hydrodynamic drag.
- the fairing is at least partly rigid. To allow the curvature of the cable the fairing is segmented.
- the picture 2 represents a part of the cable 14.
- the core 24 and its fairing can be seen there.
- the fairing comprises several leading edges 26 and several trailing edges 28 assembled on the leading edges 26.
- leading edge 26 is meant a mechanical part surrounding the core 24 and intended to face the current prevailing in the water in which the cable 14 is immersed.
- trailing edge is a mechanical part located downstream of the leading edge with respect to the current.
- the leading edges 26 and the trailing edges 28 comprise external surfaces making it possible to reduce the drag of the cable 14 when the latter is subjected to the current.
- leading edges 26 and trailing edges 28 are advantageously identical to facilitate their production.
- the leading edges 26 can slide along the core 24 and as mentioned above, the core 24 can be equipped with crimped rings not shown on the picture 2 and making it possible to block the leading edges 26 longitudinally along the core 24.
- the rings absorb the forces undergone by the leading edges 26 along the longitudinal axis 30 of the core 24.
- the leading edges 26 intended to come into contact with the rings can be configured differently from the other leading edges.
- a trailing edge 28 is held directly on two neighboring leading edges 26 without any intermediate mechanical part.
- leading edges 26 and the trailing edges 28 between them makes it possible to ensure continuity of the hydrodynamic profile of the fairing parallel to the axis 30, making it possible to limit the effects of torsion of the cable around the axis 30.
- the direct maintenance of a trailing edge 28 on two adjacent leading edges 26 avoids the establishment of intermediate junction pieces often called fishplates.
- the trailing edges 28 are staggered with respect to the leading edges 26 along the axis 30.
- the downstream end of the trailing edges 28 form a substantially continuous line as depicted on the figure 3b .
- the downstream end of the trailing edges 28 takes a continuous helix shape.
- the continuous line has an advantage during the passage of the cable in the guide device 22. Indeed, in the event of strong twisting of the cable 14, the discontinuities appearing on the picture 3a risk of escaping the guide device 22 or of hitting and catching some imperfections when the winch 16 is in action.
- a trailing edge 28 can come into correct abutment in the guide device 22 and the next one can come out of the guide device 22 due to the presence of a discontinuity. Leaving the device, the risk of breaking the fairing is very high. On the other hand, the absence of discontinuity, as shown in the figure 3b allows the various trailing edges 28 to bear continuously against the guide device 22, in particular when passing from one trailing edge 28 to the next. The risk of a trailing edge 28 emerging from the guide device 22 is then much lower.
- the figure 4a represents the cable 14 in section in a plane perpendicular to the axis 30 and the figure 4b represents a portion of the cable 14 in section in a plane containing the axis 30.
- the leading edge 26 is in one piece. It is made of a homogeneous material. Leading edge 26 surrounds core 24. Leading edge 26 includes a channel 32 in which core 24 is disposed. A functional clearance is present between the core 24 and the channel 32 in order to allow the leading edge 26 to rotate freely around the core 24. The leading edge 26 is placed around the core 24 in folding it in order to close the channel 32. In other words, the leading edge 26 forms a folded shell around the core 24.
- the leading edge 26 comprises two faces 26a and 26b and a connecting part 26c joining the two faces 26a and 26b.
- the faces 26a and 26b as well as the connecting part 26c are substantially in the extension of one another during the manufacture of the leading edge 26.
- the leading edge 26 is for example made of molded plastic material. Any other manufacturing process is of course possible, such as machining or 3D printing.
- the connecting part 26c forms the surface of the channel 32 and the two faces 26a and 26b come into contact with one another.
- the two faces 26a and 26b are fixed to each other, for example by means of screws 34 or rivets.
- connection part 26c ensures the hydrodynamic function of the leading edge 26.
- connection part 26c is positioned the furthest upstream.
- the trailing edge 28 comprises a profile 28a ensuring the hydrodynamic function of the trailing edge 28 and two arms 28b and 28c each arranged inside two neighboring leading edges 26 .
- the fairing formed by the leading edges 26 and the trailing edges 28 occupy a distance D with respect to the axis 30.
- the distance d occupied by the leading edge is at least equal to half the distance D.
- the projection of the leading edge 26 is substantially rectangular, one side 36 of which is limited by the distance d.
- the projection of the profile 28a is also substantially rectangular.
- one of the sides 38 of the rectangle is limited by the distance d and another side 40 is limited by the distance D.
- the ends of side 36 may have rounded corners 42, in the form of chamfers or fillets.
- the profile 28a can follow the rounded corners 42.
- the leading edge 26 occupies the largest outer surface of the fairing. In other words, the leading edge 26 performs most of the hydrodynamic function of the fairing.
- the leading edge 26 and the trailing edge 28 can be made of the same material, which makes it possible to standardize the manufacture of the various mechanical parts forming the fairing.
- the different leading edges 26 and the different trailing edges 28 can be one-piece and made of materials homogeneous.
- the Young's modulus of the material (also called the longitudinal modulus of elasticity) forming the leading edges 26 is then greater than the Young's modulus of the material forming the trailing edges 28. This allows the fairing to better follow the movements of the cable 14 in the water, during bending or twisting.
- the trailing edges 28 have a smaller section than that of the leading edges 26.
- the trailing edges 28 are therefore more fragile than the leading edges 26.
- the risk of them breaking is reduced.
- leading edges 26 made by molding a plastic material formed from a mixture of polycarbonate (PC) and polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) having a Young's modulus of the order of 2150 MPa.
- PC polycarbonate
- PBT polybutylene terephthalate
- the trailing edges 28 were, for their part, produced by molding a material based on polyurethane having a Young's modulus of the order of 548 MPa.
- leading edges 26 having thicknesses, defined perpendicular to the plane of the figure 4b , larger than those of the trailing edges 28, a slight gap between the Young's moduli already allows greater deformation of a trailing edge 28 relative to a leading edge 26 under the same force.
- the Young's modulus can be determined by referring to the ISO 178 standard. In practice, the characterization of the Young's moduli of materials is relative. It is therefore sufficient to implement the same measurement conditions to compare the Young's moduli of the materials forming the leading edges 26 and the trailing edges 28.
- the arms 28b and 28c extend at least in a direction perpendicular to the axis 30.
- the trailing edge 28 has a general U-shape. specifically, the profile 28a forms the lower part of the U-shape and the arms 28b and 28c form the branches of the U-shape.
- the arms 28b and 28c allow the maintenance of the trailing edge 28 to two neighboring leading edges 26 .
- the arms 28b and 28c are anchored in the profile 28a.
- the arms 28b and 28c perform no hydrodynamic function.
- the arms 28b and 28c are each entirely arranged inside one of the leading edges 26.
- the definition of the arms 28b and 28c can be much freer, in particular to adapt their deformation as needed and in particular to allow the fairing to support the bending and twisting of the core 24.
- the definition of the shapes and dimensions of the arms 28b and 28c is not subject to the constraints of the hydrodynamic functions of the fairing.
- each of the arms 28b and 28c comprises two ends, 28b1, 28b2 for the arm 28b and 28c1, 28c2 for the arm 28c.
- the ends 28b1 and 28c1 are integral with the profile 28a.
- the ends 28b2 and 28c2 are free and each held at a leading edge 26. Holding an arm 28b or 28c at a leading edge 26 can be achieved by means of a complete connection.
- the relative movements of the trailing edge 28 with respect to the two leading edges 26 on which the trailing edge 28 is fixed is ensured by the elasticity of the arms 28b and 28c.
- the free ends 28b2 and 28c2 are each connected to a leading edge 26 by means of a pivot connection 44.
- This pivot connection 44 makes it possible to less stress the elasticity of the arms 28b or 28c during the relative movements of the trailing edge 28 with respect to the leading edges 26 to which the trailing edge 28 is linked during twists or bends of the cable 14.
- the arms 28b and 28c extend at least in a direction perpendicular to the axis 30. More specifically, between their ends, the arms 28b and 28c can extend perpendicular to the axis 30 or be inclined with respect to a direction perpendicular to the axis 30 as shown in the figure 4b . However, it is important to keep in the projection of a direction connecting the ends of an arm, a component perpendicular to the axis 30. This component, and more generally the U-shape of the trailing edge 28, allows a better flexibility of the link between the trailing edge 28 and the two corresponding leading edges 26 during bending or twisting of the cable 14.
- the splints holding the fairings between them extend parallel to the axis 30 and are therefore subjected to traction or compression during bending and even during twisting of the cable.
- the arms 28b and 28c because of their orientation, undergo bending which allows greater deformation than traction, hence the better flexibility of the proposed links.
- the base of the U that is to say the profile 28a, undergoes both traction and bending.
- the proposed variant improves the flexibility of the fairing during bending of the cable 14, which facilitates the passage of the cable 14 through the guide means 22, such as a pulley, passage which tends to bend the cable 14.
- the proposed variant retains great stiffness with respect to twists of the cable 14, which makes it possible to limit these twists.
- the arms 28b or 28c can be independent of each other.
- the trailing edge 28 may comprise an intermediate arm 28d connecting the two arms 28b or 28c.
- the intermediate arm 28d is essentially arranged inside two neighboring leading edges 26 .
- the intermediate arm 28d can be secured to each of the arms 28b or 28c halfway between each of the ends of the arms 28b or 28c.
- the intermediate arm 28d forms with the free parts of the arms, extending as far as the free ends 28b2 and 28c2, a U-shape which has the same advantages as those described above.
- the presence of the intermediate arm 28d makes it possible to adjust the flexibility of the fairing, vis-à-vis the effects of curvatures of the cable 14 and its stiffness vis-à-vis twists of the cable 14.
- the figure 5 represents a section of cable 14, the direction of the axis 30 of which is deviated by a pulley 50 forming an example of a guide device 22.
- the cable 14 is shown schematically and only the core 24 and the leading edges 26 are shown. Trailing edges 28 are not shown.
- the cable 14 moves in the direction 52 carried by the axis 30. Upstream of the pulley 50, the speed of the cable 14 is denoted Vc. More precisely, when the cable 14 is straight, the speed of the core 24 and the speed of the leading edges 26 is the same, that is to say Vc.
- leading edge 26 surrounds the core 24.
- the part 26c of the leading edge 26, the closest to the center of the pulley, 50 and materialized by the arrow 54 has a speed lower than Vc. This lower speed tends to cause the leading edges 26 to slide in the direction of the upstream of the cable 14.
- the leading edges 26 are thus pressurized against each other, generating stresses in the leading edge 26 oriented along axis 30. This pressure is taken up by a ring 56 crimped onto core 24.
- Several rings are distributed along the core 24 in order to periodically take up the axial forces of the various fairings. It is possible to make a groove on a few leading edges 26 at the level of their respective channels, a groove perpendicular to the axis 30. Thus a leading edge includes a ring. This particular leading edge can then rest either on one side of the ring or on the other. In other words, a leading edge takes up the forces in both directions carried by the pin 30. However, such a configuration requires a leading edge to take up axial forces both in tension and in compression.
- the rings 56 are arranged between two adjacent leading edges.
- part 26c is pressurized by web 24 against pulley 50. This pressure against the pulley generates stresses in leading edge 26 oriented radially towards the center of pulley 50.
- the figure 6a and 6d represent a particular shape of the leading edges 26 making it possible to limit the effects of the reduction in speed of the part 26c of the leading edge 26.
- the figure 6a represents a leading edge 26 alone and the figure 6d represents a section of cable wound on a pulley 50.
- the channel 32 extends mainly along an axis 60 of the leading edge 26 and coincides with the axis 30 of the core 24 when the cable 14 is straight.
- the channel 32 widens on either side of a median section 62 of the leading edge 26, the section 62 being perpendicular to the axis 60. This makes it possible to better distribute the pressure exerted by the core 24 on the walls of the channel 32 during bends in the cable 14.
- the pressure is reduced in the sections furthest from the section 62.
- the sections can be defined so that for a given curvature of the cable 14, in particular depending on the diameter of the pulley 50, the core 24 is not in contact with the sections furthest from the section 62 but only with the sections closest to the section 62. This makes it possible to limit the risks creep of the material forming the leading edge 26 when it is pressurized by the web 24.
- the channel 32 may be formed of circular sections around the axis 30.
- the sections of the channel 32 are defined asymmetrically around the axis 60 as shown in them figures 6a and 6d . More specifically, in section 62, shown in section on the figure 6b , the channel 32 has a circular outline and in the sections 64 farthest from the section 62 and shown in section on the figure 6c , the channel 32 has an oblong contour extending towards the inside of the pulley 50. Between the sections 62 and 64, the walls of the channel 32 follow, for example, a circular curve of radius r centered on a point belonging to the middle section 62.
- the radius r is defined so that re is less than the radius R of the pulley 50, e being the thickness of the part 26a at the level of the middle section 62.
- the lower Young's modulus of the trailing edge 28 associated with the shape of the arms 28b and 28c allows this deformation.
- the relative movement of the two leading edges is greater than at the level of the pivot links 44.
- the possible movement of the leading edge 26 located on the right in the figure has been shown in dotted line.
- the two leading edges 26 come into abutment and move apart at the top.
- the arms 28b and 28c can slide in the plane of the figure 4b relative to the leading edges 26 corresponding.
- leading edges 26 and the trailing edges 28 are possible, in particular a twist as represented on the figure 3b .
- a torsion can cause a greater relative movement than a bending as shown in dotted lines on the figure 4b , the abutment of the leading edges 26 then being inoperative.
- the leading edge can comprise two abutments in the form of a boss 70 each intended to bear against an arm 28b or 28c.
- the bosses 70 can be used for the passage of the screws 34 as visible on the figure 4a .
- the bosses 70 form protrusions connecting the faces 26a and 26b of the leading edge 26.
- On the figure 4b one of the bosses 70 is also shown in dotted lines during bending of the core 24. In this position, the boss 70 is still at a distance from the arm 28c. During a greater relative movement, the boss 70 comes into abutment on the arm 28c. This is illustrated by a point 72 of the boss 70 and a point 74 of the arm 28c coming into contact with each other. These two points 72 and 74 are materialized by arrows in thick lines on the figure 4b . It is of course possible to do without a stop between two leading edges 26 and to keep only the stop 70. The position of this stop is in particular defined according to the diameter of the pulley 50 or that of a reel 20 and more generally of the maximum deformation authorized for the cable 14.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Laying Of Electric Cables Or Lines Outside (AREA)
- Electric Cable Arrangement Between Relatively Moving Parts (AREA)
- Insulated Conductors (AREA)
- Electric Cable Installation (AREA)
Description
La présente invention concerne les câbles tracteurs carénés mis en œuvre sur un navire pour tracter un corps submersible largué en mer. Elle concerne plus particulièrement les câbles tracteurs carénés au moyen d'écailles ou de tronçons articulés entre eux. L'invention peut être mise en œuvre pour tout type d'élément allongé caréné destiné à être au moins partiellement immergé. Un câble selon l'état de la technique est montré au document
Le contexte de l'invention est celui d'un navire destiné à tracter un objet submersible tel qu'une antenne sonar à immersion variable intégrée dans un corps remorqué. Dans un tel contexte, en phase non opérationnelle le corps submersible est stocké à bord du navire et le câble est enroulé autour du touret d'un treuil permettant d'enrouler et de dérouler le câble, afin de mettre à la mer et de récupérer l'objet submersible. En phase opérationnelle, le corps submersible est immergé derrière le navire et tracté par ce dernier au moyen du câble dont l'extrémité reliée au corps submersible est immergée. Le câble est enroulé/déroulé par le treuil au travers d'un dispositif de guidage du câble qui permet de guider le câble.The context of the invention is that of a ship intended to tow a submersible object such as a variable depth sonar antenna integrated into a towed body. In such a context, in the non-operational phase, the submersible body is stored on board the ship and the cable is wound around the reel of a winch allowing the cable to be wound and unwound, in order to launch and recover the submersible object. In the operational phase, the submersible body is submerged behind the vessel and towed by the latter by means of the cable, the end of which connected to the submersible body is submerged. The cable is wound/unwound by the winch through a cable guide device which guides the cable.
Pour obtenir une forte immersion à des vitesses de remorquage importantes, le câble de remorquage est caréné ce qui permet de réduire sa traînée hydrodynamique ainsi que les vibrations engendrées par l'écoulement hydrodynamique autour du câble. Le câble est revêtu d'un carénage segmenté composé de carènes présentant des formes destinées à réduire la traînée hydrodynamique du câble. Le rôle des carènes est de réduire les turbulences de sillage produites par le mouvement du câble dans l'eau, lorsque celui-ci est plongé dans l'eau et tracté par le navire. La rigidité des carènes est nécessaire pour de grandes immersions allant de pair avec de grandes vitesses de remorquage pouvant dépasser les 20 nœuds. On rappelle que le nœud est une unité de vitesse couramment utilisée dans les domaines maritime et aéronautique. Un nœud est égal à 1,852 km/h. Les carénages souples sont intéressants uniquement pour profiler économiquement des chaînes ou des câbles de bouées soumis à des courants marins ou tractés à des vitesses faibles, typiquement inférieures à 6 à 8 nœuds. Dans le cas de l'utilisation d'éléments de carénage rigides, la segmentation du carénage en carènes est nécessaire pour que le câble puisse être enroulé sur le touret d'un treuil et passer au travers des éléments de guidage du type poulie, et de façon à pouvoir supporter un débattement latéral du câble en cas de changement de cap du navire.To obtain deep immersion at high towing speeds, the towing cable is streamlined, which makes it possible to reduce its hydrodynamic drag as well as the vibrations generated by the hydrodynamic flow around the cable. The cable is covered with a segmented fairing composed of fairings having shapes intended to reduce the hydrodynamic drag of the cable. The role of the hulls is to reduce the wake turbulence produced by the movement of the cable in the water, when it is immersed in the water and towed by the ship. The rigidity of the hulls is necessary for great immersions going hand in hand with high towing speeds which can exceed 20 knots. It is recalled that the knot is a unit of speed commonly used in the maritime and aeronautical fields. One knot is equal to 1.852 km/h. Flexible fairings are interesting only for economically profiling chains or buoy cables subjected to sea currents or towed at low speeds, typically less than 6 to 8 knots. In the case of the use of rigid fairing elements, the segmentation of the fairing into fairings is necessary so that the cable can be wound on the reel of a winch and pass through the guide elements of the pulley type, and so as to be able to support a lateral deflection of the cable in the event of a change of course of the vessel.
En état de fonctionnement normal, les carènes sont mobiles en rotation autour de l'axe longitudinal du câble. Il est en effet nécessaire que les carènes puissent tourner librement autour du câble afin d'être correctement orientées par rapport au flux de l'eau. Hors carène d'extrémité, chaque carène est cependant liée à ses deux voisines axialement et en rotation autour du câble. Le lien est assuré par des pièces mécaniques intermédiaires appelées éclisses assemblées entre chacune des carènes. L'ensemble des carènes et des éclisses est appelé colonne de carène.In normal operating condition, the hulls are rotatable around the longitudinal axis of the cable. It is in fact necessary for the hulls to be able to rotate freely around the cable in order to be correctly oriented with respect to the flow of the water. Except for the end hull, each hull is however linked to its two neighbors axially and in rotation around the cable. The link is ensured by intermediate mechanical parts called fishplates assembled between each of the hulls. The set of hulls and splints is called hull column.
Un jeu fonctionnel est présent entre chaque éclisse et les carènes associées notamment afin de permettre au câble caréné de passer avec fluidité dans tous les éléments de guidage, comme des poulies ou des chaumards et de s'enrouler autour d'un touret pour le rangement du câble sur le pont du navire. La rotation d'une carène entraîne une rotation de ses voisines et de proche en proche celle de l'ensemble des carènes. Dès lors, aussi bien lorsque le câble est déployé dans l'eau que lorsqu'il est enroulé autour du touret, tout changement d'orientation d'une des carènes, affecte de proche en proche l'ensemble des carènes du câble. Ainsi lorsque le câble est déployé en mer les carènes s'orientent naturellement dans le sens du courant engendré par le mouvement du bâtiment. De la même façon, le dispositif de guidage est classiquement configuré pour orienter et guider les carènes qui le traversent de façon qu'elles présentent une orientation prédéfinie par rapport au touret du treuil. Toutes les carènes adoptent au fil de la remontée du câble une même orientation relativement au touret, orientation qui permet d'enrouler le câble en maintenant les carènes parallèles les unes aux autres.A functional clearance is present between each fishplate and the associated fairings, in particular in order to allow the streamlined cable to pass smoothly through all the guiding elements, such as pulleys or fairleads and to wrap around a reel for the storage of the cable on the deck of the ship. The rotation of a hull causes a rotation of its neighbors and gradually that of all the hulls. Consequently, both when the cable is deployed in the water and when it is wound around the reel, any change in orientation of one of the hulls gradually affects all of the hulls of the cable. Thus, when the cable is deployed at sea, the hulls are naturally oriented in the direction of the current generated by the movement of the vessel. In the same way, the guiding device is conventionally configured to orient and guide the hulls which pass through it so that they have a predefined orientation with respect to the reel of the winch. As the cable rises, all the hulls adopt the same orientation relative to the reel, an orientation that allows the cable to be rolled up while keeping the hulls parallel to each other.
La demanderesse s'est rendu compte de plusieurs difficultés lors de l'utilisation des câbles carénés.The applicant has become aware of several difficulties when using streamlined cables.
Les câbles de remorquages carénés sont sujets à un phénomène aléatoire de torsion au niveau de leur partie aérienne, c'est-à-dire entre la surface de l'eau et le dispositif de remorquage disposé sur le pont du navire. Cette torsion n'est pas dangereuse immédiatement mais peut facilement le devenir si elle n'est pas détectée à temps et résorbée. Le dommage minimal qui peut en résulter est le broyage d'une partie de la colonne de carène. Ce broyage peut conduire à des conséquences limitées mais il peut aussi dégénérer, déchirer la gaine du câble, bloquer le treuil ou l'endommager et conduire ainsi à l'indisponibilité de tout le système immergé.Streamlined towing cables are subject to a random torsion phenomenon at their aerial part, that is to say between the surface of the water and the towing device arranged on the deck of the ship. This twist is not immediately dangerous but can easily become so if not detected in time and resolved. The minimal damage that can result is the crushing of part of the hull column. This crushing can lead to limited consequences but it can also deteriorate, tear the sheath of the cable, block the winch or damage it and thus lead to the unavailability of the entire submerged system.
Le phénomène de torsion peut aussi apparaitre sur la partie immergée du câble. Ce phénomène couplé à la vitesse du câble dans l'eau provoque de très forts couples de torsion sur les carènes et sur leurs liens.The torsion phenomenon can also appear on the submerged part of the cable. This phenomenon coupled with the speed of the cable in the water causes very strong torques on the hulls and on their links.
Comme les carènes sont souvent réalisées à base de matières plastiques et que les contraintes appliquées par le flux d'eau sont très importantes, une torsion peut entrainer des déformations permanentes des carènes apparentées au fluage. Peu à peu la torsion se resserre ce qui augmente d'autant les contraintes mécaniques entre les carènes. Avec le temps cela évolue inéluctablement vers la rupture de carènes ou de liens inter-carènes. Une fois cette rupture survenue, une discontinuité dans la colonne de carène peut bloquer le câble lors de son passage sur une poulie et lorsqu'il s'enroule sur son touret.As the hulls are often made from plastic materials and the stresses applied by the flow of water are very high, torsion can lead to permanent deformations of the hulls related to creep. Gradually the torsion tightens which increases the mechanical stresses between the hulls accordingly. Over time, this inevitably evolves towards the rupture of hulls or inter-hull links. Once this rupture has occurred, a discontinuity in the column of the hull can block the cable during its passage over a pulley and when it winds up on its reel.
D'autres déformations s'apparentant à du fluage peuvent également intervenir lorsque le câble caréné est enroulé sur son touret. Plus précisément, les liens, leurs fixations aux carènes ou les carènes elles-mêmes peuvent se détendre du fait du rayon de courbure subi par le câble. Cette élongation permanente contrarie le libre mouvement de toute la colonne de carènes lors du déroulement du câble.Other deformations similar to creep can also occur when the streamlined cable is wound on its reel. More specifically, the links, their attachments to the hulls or the hulls themselves can relax due to the radius of curvature undergone by the cable. This permanent elongation thwarts the free movement of the entire column of hulls during the unwinding of the cable.
Toujours lors de l'enroulement du câble, sur le touret ou au passage d'une poulie, les parties formant les bords d'attaque des carènes se rapprochent les unes des autres et sont susceptibles de se toucher et même d'exercer des efforts les unes sur les autres, efforts pouvant entrainer des déformations ou des ruptures.Always during the winding of the cable, on the reel or when passing a pulley, the parts forming the leading edges of the hulls approach each other and are likely to touch each other and even to exert forces against them. on top of each other, stresses that may cause deformation or breakage.
Le câble peut être équipé de bagues serties permettant de bloquer longitudinalement les carènes le long du câble. Les bagues reprennent les efforts subis par les carènes selon l'axe du câble. Ces bagues sont régulièrement réparties le long du câble avec un pas par exemple de plusieurs dizaines de carènes. Lors de la flexion longitudinale du câble, qui passe sur une poulie, la colonne de carènes qui forme comme une gaine non liée au câble adopte naturellement une vitesse de défilement qui est nécessairement plus faible que celle du câble. La colonne de carènes est alors progressivement poussée contre les bagues serties sur le câble. Cette pression occasionnée par le passage sur poulie peut conduire à des pressions très importantes et venir endommager les faces des carènes en contact avec les bagues.The cable can be fitted with crimped rings allowing the hulls to be blocked longitudinally along the cable. The rings absorb the forces undergone by the hulls along the axis of the cable. These rings are regularly distributed along the cable with a pitch for example of several tens of hulls. During the longitudinal bending of the cable, which passes over a pulley, the column of fairings which forms like a sheath not linked to the cable naturally adopts a running speed which is necessarily lower than that of the cable. The hull column is then progressively pushed against the crimped rings on the cable. This pressure caused by the passage on the pulley can lead to very high pressures and damage the faces of the hulls in contact with the rings.
La demanderesse a également constaté des détériorations des carènes au niveau de leur bord de fuite formant la partie la plus mince de la carène et donc la partie la plus fragile. Malgré toutes les précautions prises dans les surfaces de guidages des poulies et du treuil, les bords de fuite sont souvent endommagés suite à des contacts violents ou même des coincements dans des fentes ou des interstices.The Applicant has also observed damage to the hulls at their trailing edge forming the thinnest part of the hull and therefore the most fragile part. Despite all the precautions taken in the guide surfaces of the pulleys and the winch, the trailing edges are often damaged following violent contact or even jamming in slots or interstices.
L'invention vise à pallier tout ou partie des problèmes cités plus haut en proposant un câble tracteur caréné destiné à tracter un corps submersible, le câble comprenant une âme et un carénage assemblé sur l'âme, le carénage étant profilé de manière à réduire la trainée hydrodynamique du câble, le carénage comprenant plusieurs bords d'attaque et plusieurs bords de fuite assemblés sur les bords d'attaque. Un bord de fuite est directement maintenu sur deux bords d'attaque voisins.The invention aims to overcome all or part of the problems mentioned above by proposing a streamlined tractor cable intended to tow a submersible body, the cable comprising a core and a fairing assembled on the core, the fairing being profiled so as to reduce the hydrodynamic drag of the cable, the fairing comprising several leading edges and several trailing edges assembled on the leading edges. A trailing edge is directly maintained on two neighboring leading edges.
Avantageusement, l'âme s'étend principalement selon un axe et les bords de fuite sont disposés en quinconce par rapport aux bords d'attaques le long de l'axe.Advantageously, the core extends mainly along an axis and the trailing edges are staggered relative to the leading edges along the axis.
Avantageusement, l'âme s'étend principalement selon un axe. Les bords d'attaque forment une coque repliée autour de l'âme. Les bords de fuite sont formés d'un profil assurant la fonction hydrodynamique du bord de fuite et de deux bras disposés chacun à l'intérieur d'un des deux bords d'attaque voisins. Chaque bras s'étend au moins selon une direction perpendiculaire à l'axe. Chaque bras est maintenu au bord d'attaque correspondant.Advantageously, the core extends mainly along an axis. The leading edges form a folded shell around the core. The trailing edges are formed of a profile ensuring the hydrodynamic function of the trailing edge and of two arms each arranged inside one of the two neighboring leading edges. Each arm extends at least in a direction perpendicular to the axis. Each arm is held at the corresponding leading edge.
Avantageusement, chaque bras comprend deux extrémités dont une première est solidaire du profil et dont une seconde est libre. Chaque bras est maintenu au bord d'attaque correspondant au niveau de sa seconde.Advantageously, each arm comprises two ends, a first of which is integral with the profile and a second of which is free. Each arm is held at the leading edge corresponding to the level of its second.
Avantageusement, chaque bras est maintenu au bord d'attaque par une liaison pivot.Advantageously, each arm is held to the leading edge by a pivot link.
Avantageusement, la liaison pivot est disposée au niveau de la seconde extrémité libre du bras correspondant et chaque bord d'attaque comprend deux butées pouvant venir chacune au contact d'un des bras) correspondant de façon à limiter le mouvement relatif du bord de fuite et du bord d'attaque relié par la liaison pivot.Advantageously, the pivot connection is arranged at the level of the second free end of the corresponding arm and each leading edge comprises two stops each able to come into contact with one of the corresponding arms so as to limit the relative movement of the trailing edge and of the leading edge connected by the pivot link.
Avantageusement, le bord de fuite comprend un bras intermédiaire reliant les deux bras.Advantageously, the trailing edge comprises an intermediate arm connecting the two arms.
Avantageusement, l'âme s'étend principalement selon un axe et pour les différents bords d'attaque et bords de fuite, perpendiculairement à l'axe de l'âme, le carénage occupe une distance D par rapport à l'axe et une distance d occupée par les bords d'attaque est au moins égale à la moitié de la distance D.Advantageously, the core extends mainly along an axis and for the various leading edges and trailing edges, perpendicular to the axis of the core, the fairing occupies a distance D with respect to the axis and a distance d occupied by the leading edges is at least equal to half the distance D.
Avantageusement, dans un plan contenant l'axe, une projection du bord d'attaque est sensiblement rectangulaire dont un côté est limité par la distance d. Le bord de fuite comprend un profil assurant la fonction hydrodynamique du bord de fuite. Une projection du profil est sensiblement rectangulaire, dont un des côtés est limité par la distance d et dont un autre des cotés est limité par la distance D.Advantageously, in a plane containing the axis, a projection of the leading edge is substantially rectangular, one side of which is limited by the distance d. The trailing edge comprises a profile ensuring the hydrodynamic function of the trailing edge. A projection of the profile is substantially rectangular, one of the sides of which is limited by the distance d and one of the sides of which is limited by the distance D.
Avantageusement, des extrémités du côté du bord d'attaque possèdent des coins arrondis et le profil est configuré pour suivre les coins arrondis.Advantageously, ends on the side of the leading edge have rounded corners and the profile is configured to follow the rounded corners.
Avantageusement, les bords d'attaques et les bords de fuites sont monoblocs et constitués de matériaux homogènes et un module d'Young du matériau formant les bords d'attaque est plus grand qu'un module d'Young du matériau formant les bords de fuite.Advantageously, the leading edges and the trailing edges are in one piece and made of homogeneous materials and a Young's modulus of the material forming the leading edges is greater than a Young's modulus of the material forming the trailing edges .
Avantageusement, des bagues fixées à l'âme sont réparties régulièrement le long de l'âme, les bords d'attaque pouvant s'appuyer sur les bagues. Les bagues sont disposées entre deux bords d'attaques voisins.Advantageously, rings fixed to the core are regularly distributed along the core, the leading edges being able to rest on the rings. The rings are arranged between two neighboring leading edges.
Avantageusement, l'âme s'étend principalement selon un axe. Chaque bord d'attaque comprend un canal s'étendant essentiellement selon un axe et dans lequel l'âme est disposée. Le canal s'évase de part et d'autre d'une section médiane du bord d'attaque, la section médiane étant perpendiculaire à l'axe du canal.Advantageously, the core extends mainly along an axis. Each leading edge comprises a channel extending essentially along an axis and in which the core is arranged. The channel flares out on either side of a section middle of the leading edge, the middle section being perpendicular to the axis of the channel.
L'invention sera mieux comprise et d'autres avantages apparaîtront à la lecture de la description détaillée d'un mode de réalisation donné à titre d'exemple, description illustrée par le dessin joint dans lequel :
- la
figure 1 représente un navire tractant un objet remorqué au moyen d'un câble tracteur caréné selon l'invention ; - la
figure 2 représente une portion du câble caréné ; - les
figures 3a et 3b représentent en perspective deux variantes de câble caréné soumises à de la torsion ; - les
figures 4a et 4b représentent partiellement le câble suivant deux plans de coupe perpendiculaires ; - la
figure 5 représente le câble passant sur une poulie ; - les
figures 6a, 6b, 6c et6d illustrent une variante d'un bord d'attaque du câble.
- the
figure 1 shows a ship towing a towed object by means of a streamlined towing cable according to the invention; - the
picture 2 represents a portion of the shrouded cable; - them
figures 3a and 3b represent in perspective two variants of a streamlined cable subjected to torsion; - them
figures 4a and 4b partially represent the cable along two perpendicular cutting planes; - the
figure 5 represents the cable passing over a pulley; - them
Figures 6a, 6b, 6c and6d illustrate a variation of a leading edge of the cable.
Par souci de clarté, les mêmes éléments porteront les mêmes repères dans les différentes figures.For the sake of clarity, the same elements will bear the same references in the various figures.
La
L'objet submersible 12 est arrimé au câble 14. La mise à l'eau et la sortie de l'eau de l'objet submersible 12 est réalisée au moyen d'un treuil 16 disposé sur un pont 18 du navire 10. Le treuil 16 comprend un touret 20 dimensionné pour permettre l'enroulement du câble 14. Le câble 14 peut être enroulé sur le touret 20 en passant par un dispositif de guidage 22, comme par exemple une poulie ou un chaumard. Le touret 20 et le dispositif de guidage 22 sont dimensionnés de façon à limiter la courbure du câble 14. Le dispositif de guidage 22 permet également de limiter le débattement latéral du câble 14 en aval, c'est-à-dire côté mer, afin de permettre l'utilisation de l'objet submersible 12 en condition de mer formée. Le dispositif de guidage peut également être équipé d'un trancannage en amont, c'est-à-dire côté touret 20, permettant de ranger le câble 14 sur le touret 20.The
Le câble 14 peut être uniquement un lien mécanique entre le navire 10 et l'objet submersible 12. Alternativement, le câble 14 peut transmettre de la puissance et des signaux entre le navire 10 et l'objet submersible 12. Le câble peut comprendre une gaine formée d'un toron de fils métalliques assurant une certaine souplesse notamment pour permettre au câble 14 de se courber. A l'intérieur de la gaine des conducteurs peuvent assurer la transmission des signaux et de l'alimentation. Ces conducteurs peuvent être de toute nature : électrique, optique, fluidique... La gaine assure la protection mécanique des conducteurs internes.
La gaine extérieure du câble est généralement de section circulaire. La gaine et les éventuels conducteurs internes sont appelés âme 24 par la suite. Comme on l'a précisé dans l'introduction, l'âme 24 est avantageusement carénée, notamment pour limiter sa trainée hydrodynamique. Afin d'atteindre des vitesses de traction importantes, le carénage est au moins en partie rigide. Pour permettre la courbure du câble le carénage est segmenté.The outer sheath of the cable is generally of circular section. The sheath and any internal conductors are referred to as
La
On entend par bord d'attaque 26 une pièce mécanique entourant l'âme 24 et destinée à s'orienter face au courant régnant dans l'eau dans laquelle le câble 14 est immergé. De même, le bord de fuite est une pièce mécanique située en aval du bord d'attaque par rapport au courant. Les bords d'attaque 26 et les bords de fuite 28 comprennent des surfaces externes permettant de réduire la trainée du câble 14 lorsque celui-ci est soumis au courant.By leading
Les différents bords d'attaque 26 et bords de fuite 28 sont avantageusement identiques pour faciliter leur réalisation. Les bords d'attaque 26 peuvent coulisser le long de l'âme 24 et comme évoqué plus haut, l'âme 24 peut être équipée de bagues serties non représentées sur la
Le maintien des bords d'attaque 26 et des bords de fuite 28 entre eux permet d'assurer une continuité du profil hydrodynamique du carénage parallèlement à l'axe 30 permettant de limiter les effets de torsion du câble autour de l'axe 30. Le maintien direct d'un bord de fuite 28 sur deux bords d'attaque 26 voisins évite la mise en place de pièces de jonction intermédiaires souvent appelées éclisses.Maintaining the
Dans la segmentation du carénage, il est possible de disposer un bord de fuite 28 en regard de chaque bord d'attaque 26. Plus précisément, le long de l'axe 30, les surfaces extérieures d'un bord d'attaque 26 et d'un bord de fuite 28, assurant leur fonction hydrodynamique, occupent une même portion le long de l'axe 30. Le maintien d'un bord de fuite 28 sur deux bords d'attaque 26 voisins est alors assuré par des excroissances du bord de fuite liées à deux bords d'attaque voisins à l'intérieur de ceux-ci. Cependant, cette disposition en regard des bords d'attaque 26 et des bords de fuite 28 entraine, en cas de torsion du câble 24, une disposition en « marche d'escalier » des différents bords de fuite. Plus précisément l'extrémité aval des bords de fuites 28 forme une ligne discontinue, ce qui nuit à l'hydrodynamisme du câble. Cette disposition en marche d'escalier est représentée sur la
De façon préférée, comme représenté sur la
La
Plus précisément, le bord d'attaque 26 comprend deux faces 26a et 26b et une partie de raccordement 26c joignant les deux faces 26a et 26b. Les faces 26a et 26b ainsi que la partie de raccordement 26c sont sensiblement dans le prolongement l'une de l'autre lors de la fabrication du bord d'attaque 26. Le bord d'attaque 26 est par exemple réalisé en matière plastique moulée. Tout autre procédé de fabrication est bien entendu possible, comme l'usinage ou l'impression 3D.More precisely, the leading
Après repliement du bord d'attaque 26 autour de l'âme 24, la partie de raccordement 26c forme la surface du canal 32 et les deux faces 26a et 26b viennent au contact l'une de l'autre. Les deux faces 26a et 26b sont fixées l'une à l'autre, par exemple au moyen de vis 34 ou de rivets.After folding the leading
Les surfaces externes des faces 26a et 26b et de la partie de raccordement 26c assurent la fonction hydrodynamique du bord d'attaque 26. Lors de l'orientation de la carène dans le courant, la partie de raccordement 26c se positionne la plus en amont.The external surfaces of the
Le bord de fuite 28 comprend un profil 28a assurant la fonction hydrodynamique du bord de fuite 28 et deux bras 28b et 28c disposés chacun à l'intérieur de deux bords d'attaque 26 voisins.The trailing
Perpendiculairement à l'axe 30 de l'âme 24, le carénage formé par les bords d'attaque 26 et les bords de fuite 28 occupent une distance D par rapport à l'axe 30. La distance d occupée par le bord d'attaque est au moins égale à la moitié de la distance D.Perpendicular to the
Dans un plan contenant l'axe 30 et formant un plan de symétrie du carénage, la projection du bord d'attaque 26 est sensiblement rectangulaire dont un coté 36 est limité par la distance d. La projection du profil 28a est également sensiblement rectangulaire. Pour le profil 28a, un des côtés 38 du rectangle est limité par la distance d et un autre coté 40 est limité par la distance D.In a plane containing the
Les extrémités du coté 36 peuvent posséder des coins arrondis 42, ayant la forme de chanfreins ou de congés de raccordement. Le profil 28a peut suivre les coins arrondis 42. Ces aménagements de forme permettant aux bords de fuite 28 de mieux suivre les mouvements relatifs des bords d'attaque 26 induits pas des courbures ou des torsions du câble 14.The ends of
Le bord d'attaque 26 occupe la plus grande surface externe du carénage. Autrement dit, bord d'attaque 26 remplit la majeure partie de la fonction hydrodynamique du carénage.The leading
Le bord d'attaque 26 et le bord de fuite 28 peuvent être constitués du même matériau ce qui permet de standardiser la fabrication des différentes pièces mécaniques formant le carénage. Alternativement, il est possible d'aménager la souplesse relative du bord d'attaque 26 et du bord de fuite 28, notamment, en conservant une rigidité importante au bord d'attaque 26 et en donnant une plus grande souplesse au bord de fuite 28. Les différents bords d'attaques 26 et les différents bords de fuites 28 peuvent être monoblocs et constitués de matériaux homogènes. Le module d'Young du matériau (encore appelé module d'élasticité longitudinal) formant les bords d'attaque 26 est alors plus grand que le module d'Young du matériau formant les bords de fuite 28. Cela permet au carénage de mieux suivre les mouvements du câble 14 dans l'eau, lors de courbures ou de torsions. De plus, les bords de fuite 28 ont une section plus faible que celle des bords d'attaque 26. Les bords de fuite 28 sont donc plus fragile que les bords d'attaque 26. En choisissant un matériau plus souple pour les bords de fuite 28, le risque de casse de ceux-ci est réduit. A titre d'exemple, des essais ont été réalisés en interne par le déposant avec des bords d'attaque 26 réalisés par moulage d'un matériau plastique formé d'un mélange de polycarbonate (PC) et de polybutylène téréphtalate (PBT) possédant un module d'Young de l'ordre de 2150 MPa. Les bords de fuite 28 ont été, quant à eux, réalisés par moulage d'un matériau à base de polyuréthane possédant un module d'Young de l'ordre de 548 MPa. De façon plus générale, dès que le module d'Young du matériau formant les bords d'attaque 26 est plus grand que celui du matériau formant les bords de fuite 28, le résultat est déjà intéressant. En effet, les bords d'attaque 26 ayant des épaisseurs, définies perpendiculairement au plan de la
Pour les matériaux plastiques, la détermination du module d'Young peut être faite en se référant à la norme ISO 178. En pratique, la caractérisation des modules d'Young des matériaux est relative. Il suffit donc de mette en œuvre les mêmes conditions de mesures pour comparer les modules d'Young des matériaux formant les bords d'attaque 26 et les bords de fuite 28.For plastic materials, the Young's modulus can be determined by referring to the ISO 178 standard. In practice, the characterization of the Young's moduli of materials is relative. It is therefore sufficient to implement the same measurement conditions to compare the Young's moduli of the materials forming the
Les bras 28b et 28c s'étendent au moins selon une direction perpendiculaire à l'axe 30. Ainsi, le bord de fuite 28 possède une forme générale en U. Plus précisément, le profil 28a forme la partie basse de la forme en U et les bras 28b et 28c forment les branches de la forme en U.The
Les bras 28b et 28c permettent le maintien du bord de fuite 28 à deux bords d'attaque 26 voisins. Les bras 28b et 28c sont ancrés dans le profil 28a. Les bras 28b et 28c n'assurent aucune fonction hydrodynamique. Les bras 28b et 28c sont chacun entièrement disposés à l'intérieur d'un des bords d'attaque 26. Ainsi, la définition des bras 28b et 28c peut être beaucoup plus libre, notamment pour adapter leur déformation au besoin et notamment pour permettre au carénage de supporter les flexions et les torsions de l'âme 24. La définition des formes et des dimensions des bras 28b et 28c n'est pas soumise aux contraintes des fonctions hydrodynamiques du carénage.The
Plus précisément, chacun des bras 28b et 28c comprend deux extrémités, 28b1, 28b2 pour le bras 28b et 28c1, 28c2 pour le bras 28c. Les extrémités 28b1 et 28c1 sont solidaires du profil 28a. Les extrémités 28b2 et 28c2 sont libres et maintenues chacune à un bord d'attaque 26. Le maintien d'un bras 28b ou 28c à un bord d'attaque 26 peut être réalisé au moyen d'une liaison complète. Les mouvements relatifs du bord de fuite 28 par rapport aux deux bords d'attaque 26 sur lesquels le bord de fuite 28 est fixé est assuré par l'élasticité des bras 28b et 28c.More precisely, each of the
Alternativement et comme représenté sur les
Les bras 28b et 28c s'étendent au moins selon une direction perpendiculaire à l'axe 30. Plus précisément, entre leurs extrémités, les bras 28b et 28c peuvent s'étendre perpendiculairement à l'axe 30 ou être inclinés par rapport à une direction perpendiculaire à l'axe 30 comme représenté sur la
Les bras 28b ou 28c peuvent être indépendant l'un de l'autre. Alternativement, comme représenté sur la
La
Plus précisément, on a vu précédemment, que le bord d'attaque 26 entoure l'âme 24. Lorsque le câble 14 est en contact avec la poulie 50, dans la zone où l'axe 30 suit une portion de cercle, la partie 26c du bord d'attaque 26, la plus proche du centre de la poulie, 50 et matérialisée par la flèche 54 possède une vitesse inférieure à Vc. Cette vitesse inférieure tend à faire glisser les bords d'attaque 26 en direction de l'amont du câble 14. Les bords d'attaque 26 sont ainsi mis en pression les uns contre les autres générant des contraintes dans le bord d'attaque 26 orientées selon l'axe 30. Cette pression est reprise par une bague 56 sertie sur l'âme 24.More specifically, we have seen previously that the leading
Plusieurs bagues sont réparties le long de l'âme 24 afin de reprendre périodiquement les efforts axiaux des différents carénages. Il est possible de réaliser une saignée sur quelques bords d'attaque 26 au niveau de leur canaux respectifs, saignée perpendiculaire à l'axe 30. Ainsi un bord d'attaque englobe une bague. Ce bord d'attaque particulier peut alors s'appuyer soit d'un côté de la bague soit de l'autre. Autrement dit, un bord d'attaque reprend les efforts dans les deux sens portés par l'axe 30. Cependant, une telle configuration impose à un bord d'attaque de reprendre des efforts axiaux aussi bien en traction qu'en compression.Several rings are distributed along the core 24 in order to periodically take up the axial forces of the various fairings. It is possible to make a groove on a few leading
Il est également possible de supprimer la reprise d'effort en traction afin de limiter le risque de fluage des bords d'attaque 26. Pour ce faire, comme représenté sur la
Par ailleurs, la partie 26c, est mise en pression par l'âme 24 contre la poulie 50. Cette pression contre la poulie génère des contraintes dans le bord d'attaque 26 orientées radialement vers le centre de la poulie 50.Furthermore,
Les
Le canal 32 peut être formé de sections circulaires autour de l'axe 30. Alternativement, afin d'améliorer la rigidité du bord d'attaque 26, les sections du canal 32 sont définies de façon dissymétrique autour de l'axe 60 comme représenté sur les
Lors de courbures du câble tracteur 14 autour d'une poulie 50, les parties des bords d'attaque 26 les plus éloignées du centre de la poulie 50 tendent à s'écarter les uns des autres. Les bords de fuite 28 correspondants doivent suivre cet écartement. La présence de la liaison pivot 44 en extrémité libre 28b2 et 28c2 de chacun des bras 28b et 28c permet la rotation du bord de fuite 28 par rapport à chacun des bords d'attaque 26 auquel le bord de fuite 28 est articulé. Les liaisons pivot 44 sont disposées au plus près possible de l'axe 30 afin de limiter l'écartement des liaisons pivot 44 entre elles. Pour le bord de fuite 28 cet écartement est absorbé par déformation élastique des bras 28b et 28c. Le module d'Young plus faible du bord de fuite 28 associé à la forme des bras 28b et 28c permet cette déformation. Au niveau des extrémités 28b1 et 28c1 des bras 28b et 28c, le mouvement relatif de deux bords d'attaque est plus important qu'au niveau des liaisons pivot 44. Sur la
D'autres mouvements relatifs des bords d'attaque 26 et des bords de fuite 28 sont possibles, notamment une torsion telle que représentée sur la
Claims (12)
- A faired towing cable intended to tow a submersible body (12), the cable (14) comprising a core (24) and a fairing (26, 28) assembled on the core (24), the fairing (26, 28) being profiled so as to reduce the hydrodynamic drag of the cable (14), the fairing comprising several leading edges (26) and several trailing edges (28) assembled on the leading edges (26), characterised in that a trailing edge (28) is directly held on two adjacent leading edges (26), in that the leading edges (26) and the trailing edges (28) are one piece and are made up of homogeneous materials, and in that a Young's modulus of the material forming the leading edges (26) is greater than a Young's modulus of the material forming the trailing edges (28).
- The cable according to claim 1, characterised in that the core mainly extends along an axis (30), and in that the trailing edges (28) are arranged in a staggered manner relative to the leading edges (26) along the axis (30).
- The cable according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the core (24) mainly extends along an axis (30), in that the leading edges (26) form a shell folded around the core (24), in that the trailing edges (28) are formed by a profile (28a) ensuring the hydrodynamic function of the trailing edge (28) and of two arms (28b, 28c) that are each arranged inside one of the two adjacent leading edges (26), in that each arm (28b, 28c) extends at least in a direction perpendicular to the axis (30), and in that each arm (28b, 28c) is held on the corresponding leading edge (26).
- The cable according to claim 3, characterised in that each arm (28b, 28c) comprises two ends (28b1, 28b2, 28c1, 28c2), of which a first one (28b1, 28c1) is rigidly connected to the profile (28a) and a second one (28b2, 28c2) is free, in that each arm (28b, 28c) is held on the corresponding leading edge (26) at its second one (28b2, 28c2).
- The cable according to claim 4, characterised in that each arm (28b, 28c) is held on the leading edge (26) by a pivot link (44).
- The cable according to claim 5, characterised in that the pivot link (44) is arranged at the second free end (28b2, 28c2) of the corresponding arm (28b, 28c), and in that each leading edge (26) comprises two stops (70) that can each come into contact with one of the corresponding arms (28b, 28c) so as to limit the relative movement of the trailing edge (28) and of the leading edge (26) connected by the pivot link (44).
- The cable according to any of claims 3 to 5, characterised in that the trailing edge (28) comprises an intermediate arm (28d) connecting the two arms (28b or 28c).
- The cable according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the core (24) mainly extends along an axis (30), and in that, for the various leading edges (26) and trailing edges (28), perpendicular to the axis (30) of the core (24), the fairing (26, 28) covers a distance D relative to the axis (30), and in that a distance d covered by the leading edges (26) is at least equal to half the distance D.
- The cable according to claim 7, characterised in that, in a plane containing the axis (30), a projection of the leading edge (26) is substantially rectangular, one side (36) of which is limited by the distance d, in that the trailing edge (28) comprises a profile (28a) ensuring the hydrodynamic function of the trailing edge (28), and in that a projection of the profile (28a) is substantially rectangular, one of the sides (38) of which is limited by the distance d and another one of the sides (40) of which is limited by the distance D.
- The cable according to claim 8, characterised in that ends of the side (36) of the leading edge (26) have rounded corners (42), and in that the profile (28a) is configured to follow the rounded corners (42).
- The cable according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that rings (56) fastened to the core (24) are evenly distributed along the core (24), with the leading edges (26) being able to bear on the rings, and in that the rings (56) are arranged between two adjacent leading edges (26).
- The cable according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the core (24) mainly extends along an axis (30), in that each leading edge (26) comprises a channel (32) substantially extending along an axis (60) and in which the core (24) is arranged, and in that the channel (32) flares out on either side of a median section (62) of the leading edge (26), with the median section (62) being perpendicular to the axis (60) of the channel (32).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1872638A FR3089488B1 (en) | 2018-12-11 | 2018-12-11 | Streamlined Tractor Cable |
PCT/EP2019/084583 WO2020120544A2 (en) | 2018-12-11 | 2019-12-11 | Faired towing cable |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3894314A2 EP3894314A2 (en) | 2021-10-20 |
EP3894314B1 true EP3894314B1 (en) | 2022-11-09 |
Family
ID=67185095
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19817297.5A Active EP3894314B1 (en) | 2018-12-11 | 2019-12-11 | Faired towing cable |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US12005998B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3894314B1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2019396568A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA3121379A1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK3894314T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2932007T3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR3089488B1 (en) |
PL (1) | PL3894314T3 (en) |
SG (1) | SG11202105205PA (en) |
WO (1) | WO2020120544A2 (en) |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3343516A (en) * | 1966-08-31 | 1967-09-26 | Donald A Nichols | Minimum width towlines with stretchable electrical cable and improved clamping means |
US3379161A (en) * | 1966-08-31 | 1968-04-23 | Navy Usa | Towlines with minimum width fairings |
CA1206383A (en) * | 1983-01-18 | 1986-06-24 | Neville Hale | Fairing assembly for towed underwater cables |
GB2192015B (en) * | 1986-06-25 | 1990-03-21 | Secr Defence | A towed cable fairing |
US5050445A (en) * | 1990-03-15 | 1991-09-24 | Duffy Niall J | Streamlined guide wire cover apparatus |
US6189475B1 (en) * | 2000-06-22 | 2001-02-20 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Propelled cable fairing |
US6416369B1 (en) * | 2000-06-22 | 2002-07-09 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Underwater towing of marine vessels |
-
2018
- 2018-12-11 FR FR1872638A patent/FR3089488B1/en active Active
-
2019
- 2019-12-11 ES ES19817297T patent/ES2932007T3/en active Active
- 2019-12-11 WO PCT/EP2019/084583 patent/WO2020120544A2/en unknown
- 2019-12-11 US US17/311,253 patent/US12005998B2/en active Active
- 2019-12-11 CA CA3121379A patent/CA3121379A1/en active Pending
- 2019-12-11 DK DK19817297.5T patent/DK3894314T3/en active
- 2019-12-11 EP EP19817297.5A patent/EP3894314B1/en active Active
- 2019-12-11 SG SG11202105205PA patent/SG11202105205PA/en unknown
- 2019-12-11 PL PL19817297.5T patent/PL3894314T3/en unknown
- 2019-12-11 AU AU2019396568A patent/AU2019396568A1/en active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2019396568A1 (en) | 2021-06-17 |
PL3894314T3 (en) | 2022-12-27 |
DK3894314T3 (en) | 2022-12-19 |
CA3121379A1 (en) | 2020-06-18 |
ES2932007T3 (en) | 2023-01-09 |
FR3089488A1 (en) | 2020-06-12 |
WO2020120544A2 (en) | 2020-06-18 |
US20220024545A1 (en) | 2022-01-27 |
FR3089488B1 (en) | 2022-02-18 |
SG11202105205PA (en) | 2021-06-29 |
US12005998B2 (en) | 2024-06-11 |
WO2020120544A3 (en) | 2020-08-06 |
EP3894314A2 (en) | 2021-10-20 |
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