EP3891773B1 - Bidirectional switching contactor comprising a z-shaped contact bridge - Google Patents

Bidirectional switching contactor comprising a z-shaped contact bridge Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3891773B1
EP3891773B1 EP20717871.6A EP20717871A EP3891773B1 EP 3891773 B1 EP3891773 B1 EP 3891773B1 EP 20717871 A EP20717871 A EP 20717871A EP 3891773 B1 EP3891773 B1 EP 3891773B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contact
arc
switching
blow
fixed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP20717871.6A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3891773A1 (en
Inventor
Korbinian KREUZPOINTER
Andrej Ignatov
Martin GESCHKE
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Schaltbau GmbH
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Schaltbau GmbH
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Publication of EP3891773A1 publication Critical patent/EP3891773A1/en
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Publication of EP3891773B1 publication Critical patent/EP3891773B1/en
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/54—Contact arrangements
    • H01H50/546—Contact arrangements for contactors having bridging contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/12—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
    • H01H1/14—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting
    • H01H1/20—Bridging contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/16—Magnetic circuit arrangements
    • H01H50/18—Movable parts of magnetic circuits, e.g. armature
    • H01H50/20—Movable parts of magnetic circuits, e.g. armature movable inside coil and substantially lengthwise with respect to axis thereof; movable coaxially with respect to coil
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H51/00—Electromagnetic relays
    • H01H51/02—Non-polarised relays
    • H01H51/04—Non-polarised relays with single armature; with single set of ganged armatures
    • H01H51/06—Armature is movable between two limit positions of rest and is moved in one direction due to energisation of an electromagnet and after the electromagnet is de-energised is returned by energy stored during the movement in the first direction, e.g. by using a spring, by using a permanent magnet, by gravity
    • H01H51/065—Relays having a pair of normally open contacts rigidly fixed to a magnetic core movable along the axis of a solenoid, e.g. relays for starting automobiles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/34—Stationary parts for restricting or subdividing the arc, e.g. barrier plate
    • H01H9/36—Metal parts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/44—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet
    • H01H9/443—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet using permanent magnets

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a switching device for bidirectional operation according to the preamble of independent claim 1.
  • a generic switching device has a double break with a first contact point and a second contact point, an arc blowing device assigned to the contact points, and an arc extinguishing device also assigned to the contact points, the switching device having a first fixed contact with a first contact surface, a second fixed contact with a second contact surface, and a Contact bridge having a third contact surface and a fourth contact surface, the first contact surface and the third contact surface forming the first contact point, and the second contact surface and the fourth contact surface forming the second contact point, the arc blowing device having at least one first permanent magnet for generating a first magnetic Has blast field and a second magnetic blast field, wherein the first magnetic blast field and second magnetic blast field are aligned oppositely, so thatMagnetli Lines of the first blowout field run opposite to magnetic field lines of the second magnetic field, with the first contact point being arranged in the first blowout field and the second contact point being arranged in the second blowout field, so that both a first switching arc and a second switching arc occur when the
  • a switching device is, for example WO 2013014281 A1 and EP3048626 known.
  • the two switching arcs are blown into different sections of the arc quenching device or into different arc quenching devices.
  • the switching arc that is initially driven from the fixed contact to the other of the two fixed contacts must be guided through a recess in the contact bridge and then runs into a somewhat smaller quenching area than the other of the two switching arcs.
  • the construction of the switching device is relatively complex. Furthermore, a relatively large construction volume is required.
  • the object is achieved by the features of independent claim 1. Accordingly, in a switching device according to the preamble of independent claim 1, the object is achieved according to the invention if the first magnetic blowout field and the second magnetic blowout field are aligned in opposite directions in such a way that the magnetic field lines of the first blast field run directly opposite to the magnetic field lines of the second magnetic field, the first fixed contact having a first section with the first contact surface located within the first blast field and a second section located within the second blast field, and the second fixed contact having a section located within the second blast field having the first section with the second contact surface and a second section arranged within the first blowout field, the first fixed contact, the second fixed contact and the contact bridge being designed in such a way and in relation to the two Bla sfelds are arranged so that a base point of the first switching arc jumps from the contact bridge to the second section of that fixed contact to which the first switching arc is initially driven, so that the second switching arc is extinguished, with the first switching arc then due to the effect of
  • the solution according to the invention offers the advantage that the switching device has a particularly compact and simple design. Nevertheless, the switching device according to the invention is suitable for high switching loads.
  • the requirement that the magnetic field lines of the first blowout field run directly opposite to the magnetic field lines of the second magnetic field is to be understood within the scope of the present invention that the magnetic field lines are not opposite in parallel directions but are opposite and run in the same line.
  • the first magnetic blast field is preferably mirror-symmetrical to the second magnetic blast field with respect to a center plane arranged between the blast fields.
  • the first switching arc which first runs towards the other fixed contact and is then driven through the two fixed contacts into the arc quenching device, occurs either at the first contact point or at the second contact point, depending on the direction of the current.
  • a preferred embodiment of the present invention provides that the first section of the first fixed contact is directly opposite the second section of the second fixed contact, with the first section of the second fixed contact being directly opposite the second section of the first fixed contact. This encourages the foot point of the first switching arc to jump from the contact bridge to the second section of the opposite fixed contact.
  • the contact bridge has a planar shape.
  • the contact bridge preferably has a basic shape whose upper side is designed to be plane-parallel to the lower side.
  • the contact bridge can thus be produced from a flat sheet in a cost-effective manner, for example stamped out of the sheet or cut out by means of water jet cutting, without the flat sheet having to be reshaped.
  • the planar shape of the contact bridge does not preclude the fact that the contact surfaces can be formed by raised contact pills, which are soldered onto the contact bridge, for example, and have a height that is preferably significantly less than the material thickness of the contact bridge. At this point it should be mentioned that the contact surfaces of the fixed contacts can also be formed by such contact pills.
  • a first distance defined between the first section of one of the two fixed contacts and the respective opposite second section of the other of the two fixed contacts must not exceed 2.5 times the value of a second distance correspond to the open contacts both between the first contact surface and third contact surface and between the second contact surface and fourth contact surface.
  • the first distance is preferably measured in a direction that is orthogonal to the orientation of the two blast zones and parallel to the contact bridge.
  • the first distance is the minimum distance between the first section of one of the two fixed contacts and the opposite second section of the other of the two fixed contacts.
  • the second distance is measured between the respective contact surfaces when the contacts are fully open.
  • the ratio between the first distance and the second distance is in the range between 1.5 and 2.5. More preferably, the ratio between the first distance and the second distance is in the range between 1.8 and 2.2 and particularly preferably in Range between 1.9 and 2.1. A value of 2 for the ratio between the first distance and the second distance has proven particularly advantageous.
  • the contact bridge has a first section which runs from the first section of the first fixed contact to the second section of the second fixed contact, the contact bridge also having a second section which extends from the first section of the second fixed contact runs towards the second section of the first fixed contact.
  • This embodiment also encourages the switching arc to be skipped.
  • the contact bridge also has a central third section, which connects the first section of the contact bridge and the second section of the contact bridge to one another and extends from the first blowout zone to the second blowout zone, with the first section of the contact bridge and the second section of the contact bridge are each angled from the middle third section.
  • first section of the contact bridge and the second section of the contact bridge protrude in opposite directions from the central third section, with the central third section being aligned essentially parallel to the magnetic field lines of the first blast zone and the second blast zone.
  • essentially parallel should be understood to mean a deviation of at most 10°, preferably of at most 5°, and particularly preferably of at most 1°.
  • the first section of the contact bridge and the second section of the contact bridge are angled substantially 90° from the middle section of the contact bridge.
  • essentially means a deviation of at most 10°, preferably at most 5°, and particularly preferably at most 1°.
  • the contact bridge thus has a Z shape or S shape. It is also advantageous if all three sections of the contact bridge run in one plane.
  • the contact bridge can also have other shapes.
  • the contact bridge has a sharp edge between an upper side of the contact bridge and an adjacent one at the point at which the base point of the first switching arc is to jump from the contact bridge to the second section of the other fixed contact , Having over the material thickness of the contact bridge extending surface.
  • a sharp edge is understood to mean an edge with a radius of at most 0.5 mm, preferably at most 0.2 mm, more preferably at most 0.1 mm.
  • the contact bridge has a sharp edge between the top of the contact bridge and a front or longitudinal side at the point at which a base point of the second switching arc should stop before the second switching arc is extinguished the contact bridge has.
  • the effect of this embodiment is that the second switching arc is effectively prevented from migrating further to the longitudinal or front side of the contact bridge. It is thereby slowed down in its movement.
  • the above definition of a sharp edge also applies to this embodiment.
  • At least two magnets are provided to generate the two magnetic blast fields, namely at least one first magnet to generate the first magnetic blast field and at least one second magnet to generate the second magnetic blast field.
  • the magnets are more preferably permanent magnets.
  • the arc blowing device has a first lateral pole plate, a second lateral pole plate and a central pole plate arranged between them, with the first lateral pole plate being assigned the first permanent magnet, with the second lateral pole plate being assigned a second permanent magnet is assigned, and wherein the first permanent magnet and the second permanent magnet have opposite polarity, so that the first blowout field is spanned between the first lateral pole plate and the middle pole plate, and the second blowout field is spanned between the second lateral pole plate and the middle pole plate.
  • This embodiment ensures precise alignment of the two magnetic blowout fields while at the same time having a compact and simple construction of the switching device.
  • pole plates or sets of pole plates as well as further permanent magnets can be provided, in particular in order to build up several locally limited areas of the two blowout fields.
  • the pole plates in particular the central pole plate, are more preferably surrounded by insulation so that the switching arcs cannot jump to the pole plates and thereby damage the pole plates.
  • the permanent magnets can also be surrounded by insulation.
  • the insulation can be made of a suitable Plastic or ceramic. Suitable plastics are preferably resistant to high temperatures. Ceramic offers the advantage that it can withstand even the highest temperatures for a long time without being damaged.
  • the contact bridge and the arc extinguishing device are arranged on opposite sides of the two fixed contacts.
  • the contact bridge is located on that side which has the first contact area or the second contact area.
  • the arc extinguishing device is therefore on the opposite side.
  • the switching device has a first arc guide plate, a second arc guide plate, a third arc guide plate and a fourth arc guide plate, with the first arc guide plate extending from the first section of the first fixed contact to the arc quenching device, with the second arc conducting plate extends from the second section of the first fixed contact to the arc quenching device, wherein the third arc conducting plate extends from the first section of the second fixed contact to the arc quenching device, and wherein the fourth arc conducting plate extends from the second section of the second fixed contact to the arc quenching device.
  • the switching arc to be extinguished is guided reliably and safely into the arc extinguishing device.
  • the first arc guide plate and the fourth arc guide plate preferably diverge.
  • the same preferably also applies to the pairing of the second arc guide plate and the third arc guide plate.
  • the arc guide plates can more preferably be manufactured separately and more preferably have a lower material thickness than the fixed contacts.
  • the arc guide plates can alternatively be part of the fixed contacts or be formed by them.
  • the arc guide plates can, for example, be welded, screwed or otherwise electrically connected to the fixed contacts.
  • the middle pole plate according to the above-mentioned embodiment is arranged between the first arc guide plate and the second arc guide plate and between the third arc guide plate and the fourth arc guide plate.
  • a further preferred embodiment of the present invention provides that the ratio between a length of the contact bridge measured parallel to the alignment of the two blowout zones and the first distance between the two fixed contacts measured orthogonally thereto is at least 1.2. This embodiment contributes to the fact that the two switching arcs do not combine with one another.
  • the arc quenching chamber comprises only a single set of quenching elements for both exit areas of the two magnetic blowout fields.
  • An inner envelope of the quenching elements is preferably modeled on the curvature of the switching arc when it enters the quenching elements. This results in optimal extinguishing of the switching arc.
  • the quenching elements can be manufactured as separate components or can also be designed with corresponding housing contours or projections.
  • the invention is particularly useful for an electrical contactor.
  • figure 1 shows a perspective view of a switching device 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the switching device is a bidirectional switching contactor. Can be seen in figure 1 only the two assembled housing halves 29 and 30 of the switching device 1 according to the invention, the two connection contacts 5 and 6, which at the same time form the two fixed contacts of the switching device, and the arc quenching device 2 of the switching device with several quenching elements 3, which can consist of ceramic, for example.
  • figure 2 shows the same view of the electrical switching device 1, wherein in figure 2 the front housing half 29 is not shown.
  • a contact bridge 11 is arranged under the two fixed contacts 5 and 6, which is moved via an electromagnetic drive 4 from an open position, in which there is no contact between the contact bridge 11 and the two fixed contacts 5 and 6 a closed position can be transferred, in which the contact bridge 11 electrically connects the two fixed contacts 5 and 6 to one another.
  • figure 3 shows a detailed view of the two fixed contacts 5 and 6 and the contact bridge 11 diagonally from below.
  • the first fixed contact 5 has a first contact surface 7
  • the second fixed contact 6 having a second contact surface 8
  • a third contact surface 9 and a fourth contact surface 10 are located on the contact bridge 11.
  • the pairing of the first contact surface 7 and the third contact surface 9 forms a first contact point of the double break
  • the second pairing of a second contact surface 8 and fourth contact surface 10 forms the second contact point.
  • the two fixed contacts 5 and 6 are each Y-shaped or fork-shaped.
  • the first fixed contact thus has a first section 17, on which the first contact surface 7 is located, and a second section 18 running parallel thereto.
  • the second fixed contact 6 also has a first section 19, on which the second contact surface 8 is located, and a second section 20 running parallel thereto.
  • the contact bridge 11 has a flat shape and can therefore be produced from flat sheet metal in a cost-effective manner.
  • a first distance A which is defined between the first section of one of the two fixed contacts and the respective opposite second section of the other of the two fixed contacts, may be a maximum of 2.5 times
  • a second distance B which exists both between the first contact surface 7 and the third contact surface 9 and between the second contact surface 8 and the fourth contact surface 10 when the contacts are open.
  • the arc blowing device has a first lateral pole plate 31, a second lateral pole plate 32 and a central pole plate 33 arranged between them, with two first permanent magnets 13 being assigned to the first lateral pole plate and two second permanent magnets 14 being assigned to the second lateral pole plate.
  • the permanent magnets are each located between the associated lateral pole plate and the central pole plate.
  • a magnetic yoke between the pole plates is achieved by additional iron cores 12.
  • the iron cores 12 are not absolutely necessary, particularly if permanent magnets are used, which extend over the entire distance between the central pole plate and the respective outer pole plate.
  • the two first permanent magnets 13 have opposite polarity to the two second permanent magnets 14, so that there is a first magnetic blowout field between the first pole plate 31 and the middle pole plate 33, which is aligned opposite to a second magnetic blowout field that exists between the second lateral pole plate 32 and the middle pole plate 33 is built up.
  • the magnetic field lines 38 of the first blast field run directly opposite to the magnetic field lines 39 of the second magnetic blast field.
  • the pole plates 31, 32 and 33, the associated permanent magnets 13 and 14, and the iron cores 12 are each surrounded by a protective insulation that prevents the switching arcs that occur when the contact points are opened from jumping over to the components mentioned and/or the components mentioned either by direct impact or by the plasma that is created due to the switching arcs.
  • the insulation of the middle pole plate 33 consists of two insulation halves 27 and 28, which at the same time form a holder for the quenching elements 3 of the arc quenching device 2.
  • FIG. 4 shows that the first section 17 of the first fixed contact 5 and the second section 20 of the second fixed contact 6 are arranged within the first blast zone.
  • the contact bridge 11 is Z-shaped and has a central section 23, which extends from the first blast zone to the second blast zone and is aligned essentially parallel to the magnetic field lines of the two blast zones, as well as two sections 21 protruding from it at a 90° angle and 22.
  • the third contact surface 9 is located on the first section 21, the fourth contact surface 10 is located on the second section 22.
  • FIG 9 shows the operating principle of the switching device according to the invention.
  • two switching arcs are produced. In the current direction in the illustrated case, these are a first switching arc 15 at the first contact point and a second switching arc 16 at the second contact point. Since the two contact points are each located in one of the oppositely aligned magnetic blowout fields, the two switching arcs 15 and 16 are initially blown away from the respective contact point in the same direction. In the case shown, both switching arcs 15 and 16 initially move to the right.
  • the sequentially reached positions of the two switching arcs are represented by the reference numerals 15, 15', 15", 15"', 15"" and 16, 16', 16".
  • the switching arc 15 runs on the second section 20 of the second fixed contact 6. Due to the configuration of the contact bridge 11 according to the invention, the foot point of the first switching arc 15 existing on the contact bridge 11 jumps over to the second section 20 of the second fixed contact 6 after a short time (position 15′′′′).
  • the second switching arc 16 is extinguished.
  • the first switching arc 15 is subsequently blown between the two fixed contacts 5 and 6 into the arc extinguishing device 2 due to the effect of the first blowout field. On the way there, it is stretched by the two arc guide plates 34 and 37 .
  • the first switching arc 15 does not occur at the first contact point but rather at the second contact point. In this case, both switching arcs initially move to the left. After commutation of the first switching arc from the contact bridge 11 to the second section 18 of the first fixed contact 5, the second switching arc is extinguished at the first contact point. The switching arc 15 is subsequently driven into the arc extinguishing device 2 due to the effect of the second magnetic blowout field. In this case, on the way there it is stretched by the pairing of the two arc guide plates 35 and 36 .
  • the contact bridge 11 has a sharp edge 24 between the top of the contact bridge and a longitudinal side 26 of the contact bridge at the point at which the switching arc is to jump to the opposite fixed contact.
  • the sharp edge prevents the base point of the switching arc from migrating further to the long side 26.
  • the contact bridge 11 also has a sharp edge between the upper side 25 of the contact bridge 11 and a front or longitudinal side of the contact bridge 11 at the point at which a base point of the second switching arc 16 should remain before the second switching arc 16 is extinguished Contact bridge 11 has. As a result, the movement of the second switching arc 16 is effectively slowed down.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Schaltgerät für bidirektionalen Betrieb nach dem Oberbegriff des unabhängigen Anspruchs 1.The present invention relates to a switching device for bidirectional operation according to the preamble of independent claim 1.

Ein gattungsgemäßes Schaltgerät weist eine Doppelunterbrechung mit einer ersten Kontaktstelle und einer zweiten Kontaktstelle, eine den Kontaktstellen zugeordnete Lichtbogenblaseinrichtung sowie eine ebenfalls den Kontaktstellen zugeordnete Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung auf, wobei das Schaltgerät einen ersten Festkontakt mit einer ersten Kontaktfläche, einen zweiten Festkontakt mit einer zweiten Kontaktfläche, sowie eine Kontaktbrücke mit einer dritten Kontaktfläche und einer vierten Kontaktfläche aufweist, wobei die erste Kontaktfläche und die dritte Kontaktfläche die erste Kontaktstelle bilden, und wobei die zweite Kontaktfläche und die vierte Kontaktfläche die zweite Kontaktstelle bilden, wobei die Lichtbogenblaseinrichtung zumindest einen ersten Permanentmagneten zur Erzeugung eines ersten magnetischen Blasfelds und eines zweiten magnetischen Blasfelds aufweist, wobei erstes magnetisches Blasfeld und zweites magnetisches Blasfeld entgegengesetzt ausgerichtet sind, so dass Magnetfeldlinien des ersten Blasfelds entgegengesetzt zu Magnetfeldlinien des zweiten Magnetfelds verlaufen, wobei die erste Kontaktstelle im ersten Blasfeld angeordnet ist, und die zweite Kontaktstelle im zweiten Blasfeld angeordnet ist, sodass sowohl ein erster Schaltlichtbogen als auch ein zweiter Schaltlichtbogen, die beim Öffnen der beiden Kontaktstellen an den beiden Kontaktstellen entstehen, aufgrund der Wirkung des jeweiligen Blasfelds zunächst in gleicher Richtung von der jeweiligen Kontaktstelle weggeblasen werden, wobei der erste Schaltlichtbogen dabei von dem Festkontakt seiner Entstehung in einer Richtung zu dem jeweils anderen der beiden Festkontakte getrieben wird, und der zweite Schaltlichtbogen dabei von dem Festkontakt seiner Entstehung in einer Richtung von dem jeweils anderen der beiden Festkontakte weg getrieben wird.A generic switching device has a double break with a first contact point and a second contact point, an arc blowing device assigned to the contact points, and an arc extinguishing device also assigned to the contact points, the switching device having a first fixed contact with a first contact surface, a second fixed contact with a second contact surface, and a Contact bridge having a third contact surface and a fourth contact surface, the first contact surface and the third contact surface forming the first contact point, and the second contact surface and the fourth contact surface forming the second contact point, the arc blowing device having at least one first permanent magnet for generating a first magnetic Has blast field and a second magnetic blast field, wherein the first magnetic blast field and second magnetic blast field are aligned oppositely, so thatMagnetli Lines of the first blowout field run opposite to magnetic field lines of the second magnetic field, with the first contact point being arranged in the first blowout field and the second contact point being arranged in the second blowout field, so that both a first switching arc and a second switching arc occur when the two contact points open occur at the two contact points are initially blown away from the respective contact point in the same direction due to the effect of the respective blowout field, with the first switching arc being driven by the fixed contact in which it was created in one direction towards the other of the two fixed contacts, and the second switching arc being driven in the process is driven away from the fixed contact of its origin in a direction away from the other of the two fixed contacts.

Ein Schaltgerät nach dem Oberbegriff des unabhängigen Anspruchs 1 ist beispielsweise aus WO 2013014281 A1 und EP3048626 bekannt. Bei diesem Schaltgerät werden die beiden Schaltlichtbögen in unterschiedliche Abschnitte der Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung bzw. in unterschiedliche Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtungen geblasen. Derjenige Schaltlichtbogen, der von dem Festkontakt seiner Entstehung zunächst zu dem anderen der beiden Festkontakte getrieben wird, muss durch eine Aussparung der Kontaktbrücke hindurch geleitet werden und läuft anschließend in einen etwas kleineren Löschbereich als der andere der beiden Schaltlichtbögen. Der Aufbau des Schaltgeräts ist relativ aufwendig. Ferner wird ein relativ großes Bauvolumen benötigt.A switching device according to the preamble of independent claim 1 is, for example WO 2013014281 A1 and EP3048626 known. In this switching device, the two switching arcs are blown into different sections of the arc quenching device or into different arc quenching devices. The switching arc that is initially driven from the fixed contact to the other of the two fixed contacts must be guided through a recess in the contact bridge and then runs into a somewhat smaller quenching area than the other of the two switching arcs. The construction of the switching device is relatively complex. Furthermore, a relatively large construction volume is required.

Es ist Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein Schaltgerät der gattungsgemäßen Art anzugeben, das einfach und kompakt gebaut ist und trotz kompakter Größe besonders hohe Schaltlasten erlaubt.It is the object of the present invention to specify a switching device of the generic type which has a simple and compact design and which, despite its compact size, allows particularly high switching loads.

Die Aufgabe wird gelöst durch die Merkmale des unabhängigen Anspruchs 1. Demnach besteht bei einem Schaltgerät nach dem Oberbegriff des unabhängigen Anspruchs 1 dann eine erfindungsgemäße Lösung der Aufgabe, wenn das erste magnetische Blasfeld und das zweite magnetisches Blasfeld derart entgegengesetzt ausgerichtet sind, dass die Magnetfeldlinien des ersten Blasfelds direkt entgegengesetzt zu den Magnetfeldlinien des zweiten Magnetfelds verlaufen, wobei der erste Festkontakt einen innerhalb des ersten Blasfelds angeordneten ersten Abschnitt mit der ersten Kontaktfläche sowie einen innerhalb des zweiten Blasfelds angeordneten zweiten Abschnitt aufweist, und wobei der zweite Festkontakt einen innerhalb des zweiten Blasfelds angeordneten ersten Abschnitt mit der zweiten Kontaktfläche sowie einen innerhalb des ersten Blasfelds angeordneten zweiten Abschnitt aufweist, wobei der erste Festkontakt, der zweite Festkontakt und die Kontaktbrücke derart ausgebildet und in Bezug auf die beiden Blasfelder angeordnet sind, dass ein Fußpunkt des ersten Schaltlichtbogens von der Kontaktbrücke auf den zweiten Abschnitt desjenigen Festkontakts überspringt, zu welchem der erste Schaltlichtbogen zunächst getrieben wird, sodass der zweite Schaltlichtbogen erlischt, wobei der erste Schaltlichtbogen aufgrund der Wirkung des jeweiligen Blasfelds in weiterer Folge zwischen den beiden Festkontakten hindurch in die Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung geblasen wird.The object is achieved by the features of independent claim 1. Accordingly, in a switching device according to the preamble of independent claim 1, the object is achieved according to the invention if the first magnetic blowout field and the second magnetic blowout field are aligned in opposite directions in such a way that the magnetic field lines of the first blast field run directly opposite to the magnetic field lines of the second magnetic field, the first fixed contact having a first section with the first contact surface located within the first blast field and a second section located within the second blast field, and the second fixed contact having a section located within the second blast field having the first section with the second contact surface and a second section arranged within the first blowout field, the first fixed contact, the second fixed contact and the contact bridge being designed in such a way and in relation to the two Bla sfelds are arranged so that a base point of the first switching arc jumps from the contact bridge to the second section of that fixed contact to which the first switching arc is initially driven, so that the second switching arc is extinguished, with the first switching arc then due to the effect of the respective blowout field between is blown through the two fixed contacts into the arc extinguishing device.

Die erfindungsgemäße Lösung bietet den Vorteil, dass das Schaltgerät besonders kompakt und einfach aufgebaut ist. Trotzdem eignet sich das erfindungsgemäße Schaltgerät für hohe Schaltlasten. Unter der Forderung, dass die Magnetfeldlinien des ersten Blasfelds direkt entgegengesetzt zu den Magnetfeldlinien des zweiten Magnetfelds verlaufen, ist im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung zu verstehen, dass die Magnetfeldlinien nicht in parallelen Richtungen entgegengesetzt sondern in gleicher Linie verlaufend entgegengesetzt sind. Das erste magnetische Blasfeld ist in Bezug auf eine zwischen den Blasfeldern angeordnete Mittelebene vorzugsweise spiegelsymmetrisch zu dem zweiten magnetischen Blasfeld. Der erste Schaltlichtbogen, welcher zunächst auf den jeweils anderen Festkontakt zuläuft und in weiterer Folge durch die beiden Festkontakte hindurch in die Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung getrieben wird, entsteht je nach Stromrichtung entweder an der ersten Kontaktstelle oder an der zweiten Kontaktstelle.The solution according to the invention offers the advantage that the switching device has a particularly compact and simple design. Nevertheless, the switching device according to the invention is suitable for high switching loads. The requirement that the magnetic field lines of the first blowout field run directly opposite to the magnetic field lines of the second magnetic field is to be understood within the scope of the present invention that the magnetic field lines are not opposite in parallel directions but are opposite and run in the same line. The first magnetic blast field is preferably mirror-symmetrical to the second magnetic blast field with respect to a center plane arranged between the blast fields. The first switching arc, which first runs towards the other fixed contact and is then driven through the two fixed contacts into the arc quenching device, occurs either at the first contact point or at the second contact point, depending on the direction of the current.

Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen der vorliegenden Erfindung sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.Advantageous embodiments of the present invention are the subject matter of the dependent claims.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass der erste Abschnitt des ersten Festkontakts dem zweiten Abschnitt des zweiten Festkontakts unmittelbar gegenüber liegt, wobei der erste Abschnitt des zweiten Festkontakts dem zweiten Abschnitt des ersten Festkontakts unmittelbar gegenüber liegt. Dadurch wird das Überspringen des Fußpunkts des ersten Schaltlichtbogens von der Kontaktbrücke auf den zweiten Abschnitt des gegenüberliegenden Festkontakts begünstigt.A preferred embodiment of the present invention provides that the first section of the first fixed contact is directly opposite the second section of the second fixed contact, with the first section of the second fixed contact being directly opposite the second section of the first fixed contact. This encourages the foot point of the first switching arc to jump from the contact bridge to the second section of the opposite fixed contact.

In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung weist die Kontaktbrücke eine ebene Form auf. Vorzugsweise weist die Kontaktbrücke dabei eine Grundform auf, deren Oberseite planparallel zur Unterseite ausgebildet ist. Die Kontaktbrücke kann somit auf kostengünstige Weise aus einem flachen Blech hergestellt, beispielsweise aus dem Blech ausgestanzt oder mittels Wasserstrahlschneiden ausgeschnitten werden, ohne dass eine Umformung des flachen Blechs stattfinden muss. Der ebenen Form der Kontaktbrücke steht nicht entgegen, dass die Kontaktflächen durch erhabene Kontaktpillen gebildet sein können, die beispielsweise auf die Kontaktbrücke aufgelötet werden und eine Höhe aufweisen, die vorzugsweise deutlich geringer ist als die Materialstärke der Kontaktbrücke. An dieser Stelle sei erwähnt, dass auch die Kontaktflächen der Festkontakte durch derartige Kontaktpillen gebildet sein können. Um bei dieser Ausführungsform eine zuverlässige Lichtbogenlöschung zu gewährleisten, darf ein erster Abstand, der zwischen dem ersten Abschnitt des einen der beiden Festkontakte und dem jeweils gegenüberliegenden zweiten Abschnitt des anderen der beiden Festkontakte definiert ist, maximal dem 2,5-fachen Wert eines zweiten Abstands entsprechen, der bei geöffneten Kontakten sowohl zwischen erster Kontaktfläche und dritter Kontaktfläche als auch zwischen zweiter Kontaktfläche und vierter Kontaktfläche besteht. Der erste Abstand wird vorzugsweise in einer Richtung gemessen, die orthogonal zur Ausrichtung der beiden Blasfelder und parallel zur Kontaktbrücke verläuft. Bei dem ersten Abstand handelt sich um den minimalen Abstand zwischen dem ersten Abschnitt des einen der beiden Festkontakte und dem jeweils gegenüberliegenden zweiten Abschnitt des anderen der beiden Festkontakte. Der zweite Abstand wird bei vollständig geöffneten Kontakten zwischen den jeweiligen Kontaktflächen gemessen.In a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, the contact bridge has a planar shape. The contact bridge preferably has a basic shape whose upper side is designed to be plane-parallel to the lower side. The contact bridge can thus be produced from a flat sheet in a cost-effective manner, for example stamped out of the sheet or cut out by means of water jet cutting, without the flat sheet having to be reshaped. The planar shape of the contact bridge does not preclude the fact that the contact surfaces can be formed by raised contact pills, which are soldered onto the contact bridge, for example, and have a height that is preferably significantly less than the material thickness of the contact bridge. At this point it should be mentioned that the contact surfaces of the fixed contacts can also be formed by such contact pills. In order to ensure reliable arc quenching in this embodiment, a first distance defined between the first section of one of the two fixed contacts and the respective opposite second section of the other of the two fixed contacts must not exceed 2.5 times the value of a second distance correspond to the open contacts both between the first contact surface and third contact surface and between the second contact surface and fourth contact surface. The first distance is preferably measured in a direction that is orthogonal to the orientation of the two blast zones and parallel to the contact bridge. The first distance is the minimum distance between the first section of one of the two fixed contacts and the opposite second section of the other of the two fixed contacts. The second distance is measured between the respective contact surfaces when the contacts are fully open.

Vorzugsweise liegt das Verhältnis zwischen erstem Abstand und zweitem Abstand im Bereich zwischen 1,5 und 2,5. Weiter vorzugsweise liegt das Verhältnis zwischen erstem Abstand und zweitem Abstand im Bereich zwischen 1,8 und 2,2 und besonders bevorzugt im Bereich zwischen 1,9 und 2,1. Als ganz besonders vorteilhaft hat sich für das Verhältnis zwischen erstem Abstand und zweitem Abstand ein Wert von 2 herausgestellt.Preferably, the ratio between the first distance and the second distance is in the range between 1.5 and 2.5. More preferably, the ratio between the first distance and the second distance is in the range between 1.8 and 2.2 and particularly preferably in Range between 1.9 and 2.1. A value of 2 for the ratio between the first distance and the second distance has proven particularly advantageous.

In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass die Kontaktbrücke einen ersten Abschnitt aufweist, der von dem ersten Abschnitt des ersten Festkontakts auf den zweiten Abschnitt des zweiten Festkontakts zuläuft, wobei die Kontaktbrücke ferner einen zweiten Abschnitt aufweist, der von dem ersten Abschnitt des zweiten Festkontakts auf den zweiten Abschnitt des ersten Festkontakts zuläuft. Auch diese Ausführungsform begünstigt das Überspringen des Schaltlichtbogens. Besonders bevorzugt ist dabei vorgesehen, dass die Kontaktbrücke ferner einen mittleren dritten Abschnitt aufweist, der den ersten Abschnitt der Kontaktbrücke und den zweiten Abschnitt der Kontaktbrücke miteinander verbindet und sich von dem ersten Blasfeld zu dem zweiten Blasfeld erstreckt, wobei der erste Abschnitt der Kontaktbrücke und der zweite Abschnitt der Kontaktbrücke jeweils von dem mittleren dritten Abschnitt abgewinkelt sind.In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention it is provided that the contact bridge has a first section which runs from the first section of the first fixed contact to the second section of the second fixed contact, the contact bridge also having a second section which extends from the first section of the second fixed contact runs towards the second section of the first fixed contact. This embodiment also encourages the switching arc to be skipped. It is particularly preferably provided that the contact bridge also has a central third section, which connects the first section of the contact bridge and the second section of the contact bridge to one another and extends from the first blowout zone to the second blowout zone, with the first section of the contact bridge and the second section of the contact bridge are each angled from the middle third section.

Von besonderem Vorteil ist es ferner, wenn der erste Abschnitt der Kontaktbrücke und der zweite Abschnitt der Kontaktbrücke in entgegengesetzten Richtungen von dem mittleren dritten Abschnitt abstehen, wobei der mittlere dritte Abschnitt im Wesentlichen parallel zu den Magnetfeldlinien des ersten Blasfelds und des zweiten Blasfelds ausgerichtet ist. Unter im Wesentlichen parallel soll im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung eine Abweichung von maximal 10°, vorzugsweise von maximal 5°, und besonders bevorzugt von maximal 1° verstanden werden. Der erste Abschnitt der Kontaktbrücke und der zweite Abschnitt der Kontaktbrücke sind im Wesentlichen 90° vom mittleren Abschnitt der Kontaktbrücke abgewinkelt. Auch hier wird unter im Wesentlichen eine Abweichung von maximal 10°, vorzugsweise von maximal 5°, und besonders bevorzugt von maximal 1° verstanden. Die Kontaktbrücke weist in dieser Ausführungsform somit eine Z-Form bzw. S-Form auf. Weiter ist es von Vorteil, wenn alle drei Abschnitte der Kontaktbrücke in einer Ebene verlaufen. Die Kontaktbrücke kann auch andere Formen aufweisen.It is also particularly advantageous if the first section of the contact bridge and the second section of the contact bridge protrude in opposite directions from the central third section, with the central third section being aligned essentially parallel to the magnetic field lines of the first blast zone and the second blast zone. In the context of the present invention, essentially parallel should be understood to mean a deviation of at most 10°, preferably of at most 5°, and particularly preferably of at most 1°. The first section of the contact bridge and the second section of the contact bridge are angled substantially 90° from the middle section of the contact bridge. Here, too, essentially means a deviation of at most 10°, preferably at most 5°, and particularly preferably at most 1°. In this embodiment, the contact bridge thus has a Z shape or S shape. It is also advantageous if all three sections of the contact bridge run in one plane. The contact bridge can also have other shapes.

In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass die Kontaktbrücke an der Stelle, an welcher der Fußpunkt des ersten Schaltlichtbogens von der Kontaktbrücke auf den zweiten Abschnitt des jeweils anderen Festkontakts überspringen soll, eine scharfe Kante zwischen einer Oberseite der Kontaktbrücke und einer angrenzenden, sich über die Materialstärke der Kontaktbrücke erstreckenden Fläche aufweist.In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is provided that the contact bridge has a sharp edge between an upper side of the contact bridge and an adjacent one at the point at which the base point of the first switching arc is to jump from the contact bridge to the second section of the other fixed contact , Having over the material thickness of the contact bridge extending surface.

Diese Ausführungsform hat den Vorteil, dass der Fußpunkt an der scharfen Kante stehen bleibt und nicht auf die Stirn- bzw. Längsseite der Kontaktbrücke weiter wandert. Dadurch wird das Überspringen des Schaltlichtbogens weiter begünstigt. Unter einer scharfen Kante wird im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung eine Kante mit einem Radius von höchstens 0,5 mm, vorzugsweise von höchstens 0,2 mm, weiter vorzugsweise von höchstens 0,1 mm verstanden.This embodiment has the advantage that the base point stops at the sharp edge and does not move further to the front or longitudinal side of the contact bridge. Through this the skipping of the switching arc is further promoted. In the context of the present invention, a sharp edge is understood to mean an edge with a radius of at most 0.5 mm, preferably at most 0.2 mm, more preferably at most 0.1 mm.

In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass die Kontaktbrücke an der Stelle, an welcher ein Fußpunkt des zweiten Schaltlichtbogens stehen bleiben soll, bevor der zweite Schaltlichtbogen erlischt, eine scharfe Kante zwischen der Oberseite der Kontaktbrücke und einer Stirn- bzw. Längsseite der Kontaktbrücke aufweist. Diese Ausführungsform bewirkt, dass der zweite Schaltlichtbogen wirksam daran gehindert wird, auf die Längs- bzw. Stirnseite der Kontaktbrücke weiterzuwandern. Er wird dadurch in seiner Bewegung gebremst. Auch für diese Ausführungsform gilt die obige Definition einer scharfen Kante.In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is provided that the contact bridge has a sharp edge between the top of the contact bridge and a front or longitudinal side at the point at which a base point of the second switching arc should stop before the second switching arc is extinguished the contact bridge has. The effect of this embodiment is that the second switching arc is effectively prevented from migrating further to the longitudinal or front side of the contact bridge. It is thereby slowed down in its movement. The above definition of a sharp edge also applies to this embodiment.

Weiter vorzugsweise sind zur Erzeugung der beiden magnetischen Blasfelder zumindest zwei Magneten vorgesehen, nämlich zumindest ein erster Magnet zur Erzeugung des ersten magnetischen Blasfelds und zumindest ein zweiter Magnet zur Erzeugung des zweiten magnetischen Blasfelds. Zu einer kompakten, leichten und günstigen Bauweise trägt bei, wenn es sich bei den Magneten weiter vorzugsweise um Permanentmagneten handelt.More preferably, at least two magnets are provided to generate the two magnetic blast fields, namely at least one first magnet to generate the first magnetic blast field and at least one second magnet to generate the second magnetic blast field. A contribution to a compact, light and economical construction is made if the magnets are more preferably permanent magnets.

In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass die Lichtbogenblaseinrichtung eine erste seitliche Polplatte, eine zweite seitliche Polplatte und eine dazwischen angeordnete mittlere Polplatte aufweist, wobei der ersten seitlichen Polplatte der erste Permanentmagnet zugeordnet ist, wobei der zweiten seitlichen Polplatte ein zweiter Permanentmagnet zugeordnet ist, und wobei der erste Permanentmagnet und der zweite Permanentmagnet entgegengesetzt gepolt sind, sodass das erste Blasfeld zwischen der ersten seitlichen Polplatte und der mittleren Polplatte, und das zweite Blasfeld zwischen der zweiten seitlichen Polplatte und der mittleren Polplatte aufgespannt wird. Diese Ausführungsform gewährleistet eine genaue Ausrichtung der beiden magnetischen Blasfelder bei gleichzeitig kompakter und einfacher Bauweise des Schaltgeräts. Es können weitere Polplatten oder Polplattensätze sowie weitere Permanentmagneten vorgesehen sein, insbesondere um mehrere lokal begrenzte Bereiche der beiden Blasfelder aufzubauen. Bei dieser Ausführungsform sind die Polplatten, insbesondere die mittlere Polplatte, weiter vorzugsweise von einer Isolierung umgeben, damit die Schaltlichtbögen nicht auf die Polplatten überspringen und die Polplatten dadurch beschädigen können. Die Permanentmagneten können ebenfalls von einer Isolierung umgeben sein. Die Isolierung kann aus einem geeigneten Kunststoff oder aus Keramik bestehen. Geeignete Kunststoffe sind vorzugsweise hochtemperaturbeständig. Keramik bietet den Vorteil, dass es selbst höchsten Temperaturen längere Zeit unbeschadet standhält.In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is provided that the arc blowing device has a first lateral pole plate, a second lateral pole plate and a central pole plate arranged between them, with the first lateral pole plate being assigned the first permanent magnet, with the second lateral pole plate being assigned a second permanent magnet is assigned, and wherein the first permanent magnet and the second permanent magnet have opposite polarity, so that the first blowout field is spanned between the first lateral pole plate and the middle pole plate, and the second blowout field is spanned between the second lateral pole plate and the middle pole plate. This embodiment ensures precise alignment of the two magnetic blowout fields while at the same time having a compact and simple construction of the switching device. Further pole plates or sets of pole plates as well as further permanent magnets can be provided, in particular in order to build up several locally limited areas of the two blowout fields. In this embodiment, the pole plates, in particular the central pole plate, are more preferably surrounded by insulation so that the switching arcs cannot jump to the pole plates and thereby damage the pole plates. The permanent magnets can also be surrounded by insulation. The insulation can be made of a suitable Plastic or ceramic. Suitable plastics are preferably resistant to high temperatures. Ceramic offers the advantage that it can withstand even the highest temperatures for a long time without being damaged.

In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass die Kontaktbrücke und die Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung auf gegenüberliegenden Seiten der beiden Festkontakte angeordnet sind. Die Kontaktbrücke befindet sich dabei auf derjenigen Seite, welche die erste Kontaktfläche bzw. die zweite Kontaktfläche aufweist. Die Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung befindet sich somit auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite. Dadurch wird ein besonders einfacher Aufbau des erfindungsgemäßen Schaltgeräts erreicht.In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is provided that the contact bridge and the arc extinguishing device are arranged on opposite sides of the two fixed contacts. The contact bridge is located on that side which has the first contact area or the second contact area. The arc extinguishing device is therefore on the opposite side. A particularly simple construction of the switching device according to the invention is thereby achieved.

In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass das Schaltgerät ein erstes Lichtbogenleitblech, ein zweites Lichtbogenleitblech, ein drittes Lichtbogenleitblech und ein viertes Lichtbogenleitblech aufweist, wobei sich das erste Lichtbogenleitblech vom ersten Abschnitt des ersten Festkontakts ausgehend zur Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung erstreckt, wobei sich das zweite Lichtbogenleitblech vom zweiten Abschnitt des ersten Festkontakts ausgehend zur Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung erstreckt, wobei sich das dritte Lichtbogenleitblech vom ersten Abschnitt des zweiten Festkontakts ausgehend zur Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung erstreckt, und wobei sich das vierte Lichtbogenleitblech vom zweiten Abschnitt des zweiten Festkontakts ausgehend zur Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung erstreckt. Durch diese Ausführungsform wird der zu löschende Schaltlichtbogen zuverlässig und sicher in die Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung geleitet. Um den Schaltlichtbogen auf dem Weg in die Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung zu strecken, laufen das erste Lichtbogenleitblech und das vierte Lichtbogenleitblech vorzugsweise auseinander. Dasselbe gilt vorzugsweise auch für die Paarung aus zweitem Lichtbogenleitblech und drittem Lichtbogenleitblech. Die Lichtbogenleitbleche können weiter vorzugsweise separat gefertigt sein und weisen weiter vorzugsweise eine geringere Materialstärke auf als die Festkontakte. Selbstverständlich können die Lichtbogenleitbleche alternativ Teil der Festkontakte sein oder durch diese gebildet werden. Die Lichtbogenleitbleche können mit den Festkontakten beispielsweise verschweißt, verschraubt oder anderweitig elektrisch mit den Festkontakten verbunden sein. Bei dieser Ausführungsform ist es generell von Vorteil, wenn die mittlere Polplatte gemäß der oben erwähnten Ausführungsform zwischen dem ersten Lichtbogenleitblech und dem zweiten Lichtbogenleitblech sowie zwischen dem dritten Lichtbogenleitblech und dem vierten Lichtbogenleitblech angeordnet ist.In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is provided that the switching device has a first arc guide plate, a second arc guide plate, a third arc guide plate and a fourth arc guide plate, with the first arc guide plate extending from the first section of the first fixed contact to the arc quenching device, with the second arc conducting plate extends from the second section of the first fixed contact to the arc quenching device, wherein the third arc conducting plate extends from the first section of the second fixed contact to the arc quenching device, and wherein the fourth arc conducting plate extends from the second section of the second fixed contact to the arc quenching device. With this embodiment, the switching arc to be extinguished is guided reliably and safely into the arc extinguishing device. In order to stretch the switching arc on the way into the arc extinguishing device, the first arc guide plate and the fourth arc guide plate preferably diverge. The same preferably also applies to the pairing of the second arc guide plate and the third arc guide plate. The arc guide plates can more preferably be manufactured separately and more preferably have a lower material thickness than the fixed contacts. Of course, the arc guide plates can alternatively be part of the fixed contacts or be formed by them. The arc guide plates can, for example, be welded, screwed or otherwise electrically connected to the fixed contacts. In this embodiment, it is generally advantageous if the middle pole plate according to the above-mentioned embodiment is arranged between the first arc guide plate and the second arc guide plate and between the third arc guide plate and the fourth arc guide plate.

In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass das Verhältnis zwischen einer parallel zur Ausrichtung der beiden Blasfelder gemessenen Länge der Kontaktbrücke und dem orthogonal dazu gemessenen ersten Abstand zwischen den beiden Festkontakten zumindest 1,2 beträgt. Diese Ausführungsform trägt dazu bei, dass sich die beiden Schaltlichtbögen nicht miteinander vereinigen.A further preferred embodiment of the present invention provides that the ratio between a length of the contact bridge measured parallel to the alignment of the two blowout zones and the first distance between the two fixed contacts measured orthogonally thereto is at least 1.2. This embodiment contributes to the fact that the two switching arcs do not combine with one another.

Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung umfasst die Lichtbogenlöschkammer lediglich einen einzelnen Satz von Löschelementen für beide Austrittsbereiche der beiden magnetischen Blasfelder. Eine innere Hüllkurve der Löschelemente ist dabei vorzugsweise der Krümmung des Schaltlichtbogens beim Eintritt in die Löschelemente nachempfunden. Dadurch ergibt sich eine optimale Löschung des Schaltlichtbogen. Die Löschelemente können als separate Bauteile gefertigt oder auch durch entsprechende Gehäusekonturen bzw. -Vorsprünge ausgeführt sein.According to a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the arc quenching chamber comprises only a single set of quenching elements for both exit areas of the two magnetic blowout fields. An inner envelope of the quenching elements is preferably modeled on the curvature of the switching arc when it enters the quenching elements. This results in optimal extinguishing of the switching arc. The quenching elements can be manufactured as separate components or can also be designed with corresponding housing contours or projections.

Die Erfindung eignet sich insbesondere für ein elektrisches Schaltschütz.The invention is particularly useful for an electrical contactor.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der vorliegenden Erfindung wird im Folgenden anhand von Zeichnungen näher erläutert.An exemplary embodiment of the present invention is explained in more detail below with reference to drawings.

Es zeigen:

Figur 1
eine perspektivische Ansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Schaltgeräts,
Figur 2
die perspektivische Ansicht des erfindungsgemäßen Schaltgeräts aus Figur 1 mit teilweise abgenommenem Gehäuse,
Figur 3
eine Detailansicht der beiden Festkontakte und der Kontaktbrücke des erfin-dungsgemäßen Schaltgeräts aus den Figuren 1 und 2 von schräg unten mit den zur Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung führenden Lichtbogenleitblechen und den Löschelementen der Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung,
Figur 4
eine weitere Detailansicht der beiden Festkontakte und der Kontaktbrücke des erfindungsgemäßen Schaltgeräts in einer perspektivischen Darstellung mit Per-manentmagneten und Polplatten zur Erzeugung der beiden magnetischen Blas-felder,
Figur 5
die Darstellung aus Figur 4 ohne Abbildung der vordersten der insgesamt drei Polplatten,
Figur 6
eine Unteransicht der in Figur 4 gezeigten Bauteile,
Figur 7
eine weitere Ansicht auf die in den Figuren 4 und 6 gezeigten Bauteile von schräg oben,
Figur 8
die Darstellung aus Figur 5 mit zusätzlich gezeigter Isolierung der mittleren Pol-platte, und
Figur 9
die Ansicht aus Figur 3 etwas vergrößert und ohne Darstellung der Löschelemente der Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung.
Show it:
figure 1
a perspective view of a switching device according to the invention,
figure 2
the perspective view of the switching device according to the invention figure 1 with partially removed housing,
figure 3
a detailed view of the two fixed contacts and the contact bridge of the inventive switching device from the figures 1 and 2 diagonally from below with the arc guide plates leading to the arc quenching device and the quenching elements of the arc quenching device,
figure 4
a further detailed view of the two fixed contacts and the contact bridge of the switching device according to the invention in a perspective view with permanent magnets and pole plates for generating the two magnetic blowout fields,
figure 5
the representation figure 4 without illustration of the foremost of the three pole plates,
figure 6
a bottom view of the in figure 4 shown components,
figure 7
another view on the in the figures 4 and 6 shown components from diagonally above,
figure 8
the representation figure 5 with additionally shown insulation of the middle pole plate, and
figure 9
the view off figure 3 Slightly enlarged and without depiction of the quenching elements of the arc quenching device.

Für die folgenden Ausführungen gilt, dass gleiche Teile durch gleiche Bezugszeichen bezeichnet sind. Sofern in einer Figur Bezugszeichen enthalten sind, auf die in der zugehörigen Figurenbeschreibung nicht näher eingegangen wird, so wird auf vorangehende oder nachfolgende Figurenbeschreibungen Bezug genommen.For the following explanations, the same parts are denoted by the same reference symbols. If a figure contains reference symbols that are not discussed in more detail in the associated description of the figures, reference is made to the preceding or following descriptions of the figures.

Figur 1 zeigt eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Schaltgeräts 1 gemäß eines Ausführungsbeispiels der vorliegenden Erfindung. Bei dem Schaltgerät handelt es sich um ein bidirektional schaltendes Schaltschütz. Zu erkennen sind in Figur 1 lediglich die beiden zusammengesetzten Gehäusehälften 29 und 30 des erfindungsgemäßen Schaltgeräts 1, die beiden Anschlusskontakte 5 und 6, welche gleichzeitig die beiden Festkontakte des Schaltgeräts bilden, sowie die Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung 2 des Schaltgeräts mit mehreren Löschelementen 3, die beispielsweise aus Keramik bestehen können. figure 1 shows a perspective view of a switching device 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The switching device is a bidirectional switching contactor. Can be seen in figure 1 only the two assembled housing halves 29 and 30 of the switching device 1 according to the invention, the two connection contacts 5 and 6, which at the same time form the two fixed contacts of the switching device, and the arc quenching device 2 of the switching device with several quenching elements 3, which can consist of ceramic, for example.

Figur 2 zeigt dieselbe Ansicht des elektrischen Schaltgeräts 1, wobei in Figur 2 die vordere Gehäusehälfte 29 nicht dargestellt ist. In dieser Darstellung ist zu erkennen, dass unter den beiden Festkontakten 5 und 6 eine Kontaktbrücke 11 angeordnet ist, die über einen elektromagnetischen Antrieb 4 von einer geöffneten Stellung, in welcher kein Kontakt zwischen der Kontaktbrücke 11 und den beiden Festkontakte 5 und 6 besteht, in eine geschlossene Stellung überführt werden kann, in der die Kontaktbrücke 11 die beiden Festkontakte 5 und 6 elektrisch miteinander verbindet. figure 2 shows the same view of the electrical switching device 1, wherein in figure 2 the front housing half 29 is not shown. In this representation it can be seen that a contact bridge 11 is arranged under the two fixed contacts 5 and 6, which is moved via an electromagnetic drive 4 from an open position, in which there is no contact between the contact bridge 11 and the two fixed contacts 5 and 6 a closed position can be transferred, in which the contact bridge 11 electrically connects the two fixed contacts 5 and 6 to one another.

Figur 3 zeigt eine Detailansicht auf die beiden Festkontakte 5 und 6 sowie die Kontaktbrücke 11 von schräg unten. Wie aus der Abbildung hervorgeht, weist der erste Festkontakt 5 eine erste Kontaktfläche 7 auf, wobei der zweite Festkontakt 6 eine zweite Kontaktfläche 8 aufweist. Auf der Kontaktbrücke 11 befinden sich eine dritte Kontaktfläche 9 sowie eine vierte Kontaktfläche 10. Die Paarung aus erster Kontaktfläche 7 und dritter Kontaktfläche 9 bildet eine erste Kontaktstelle der Doppelunterbrechung, die zweite Paarung aus zweiter Kontaktfläche 8 und vierter Kontaktfläche 10 bildet die zweite Kontaktstelle. In Figur 3 ist ferner zu erkennen, dass die beiden Festkontakte 5 und 6 jeweils Y-förmig bzw. gabelförmig ausgeführt sind. Der erste Festkontakt weist somit einen erste Abschnitt 17, auf welchem sich die erste Kontaktfläche 7 befindet, sowie einen parallel dazu verlaufenden zweiten Abschnitt 18 auf. Gleichermaßen weist der zweite Festkontakt 6 ebenfalls einen ersten Abschnitt 19, auf welchem sich die zweite Kontaktfläche 8 befindet, sowie einen parallel dazu verlaufenden zweiten Abschnitt 20 auf. Bei dem gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel weist die Kontaktbrücke 11 eine ebene Form auf und kann somit auf kostengünstige Weise aus einem flachen Blech hergestellt werden. Um bei dieser flachen Ausführungsform der Kontaktbrücke eine zuverlässige Lichtbogenlöschung zu gewährleisten, darf ein erster Abstand A, der zwischen dem ersten Abschnitt des einen der beiden Festkontakte und dem jeweils gegenüberliegenden zweiten Abschnitt des anderen der beiden Festkontakte definiert ist, maximal dem 2,5-fachen Wert eines zweiten Abstands B entsprechen, der bei geöffneten Kontakten sowohl zwischen erster Kontaktfläche 7 und dritter Kontaktfläche 9 als auch zwischen zweiter Kontaktfläche 8 und vierter Kontaktfläche 10 besteht. An dieser Stelle wird darauf hingewiesen, dass die Figuren lediglich schematischer Natur sind und dass der zweite Abstand B bei vollständig geöffneten Kontakten gemessen wird, weshalb sich das geforderte Verhältnis zwischen erstem Abstand A und zweitem Abstand B nicht zwingend aus der Figur 3 ableiten lässt. figure 3 shows a detailed view of the two fixed contacts 5 and 6 and the contact bridge 11 diagonally from below. As can be seen from the figure, the first fixed contact 5 has a first contact surface 7 , the second fixed contact 6 having a second contact surface 8 . A third contact surface 9 and a fourth contact surface 10 are located on the contact bridge 11. The pairing of the first contact surface 7 and the third contact surface 9 forms a first contact point of the double break, the second pairing of a second contact surface 8 and fourth contact surface 10 forms the second contact point. In figure 3 It can also be seen that the two fixed contacts 5 and 6 are each Y-shaped or fork-shaped. The first fixed contact thus has a first section 17, on which the first contact surface 7 is located, and a second section 18 running parallel thereto. Likewise, the second fixed contact 6 also has a first section 19, on which the second contact surface 8 is located, and a second section 20 running parallel thereto. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the contact bridge 11 has a flat shape and can therefore be produced from flat sheet metal in a cost-effective manner. In order to ensure reliable arc quenching with this flat embodiment of the contact bridge, a first distance A, which is defined between the first section of one of the two fixed contacts and the respective opposite second section of the other of the two fixed contacts, may be a maximum of 2.5 times Correspond to the value of a second distance B, which exists both between the first contact surface 7 and the third contact surface 9 and between the second contact surface 8 and the fourth contact surface 10 when the contacts are open. At this point it is pointed out that the figures are only of a schematic nature and that the second distance B is measured when the contacts are fully open, which is why the required ratio between the first distance A and the second distance B does not necessarily result from the figure 3 can be deduced.

In Figur 4 sind zusätzlich die wesentlichen Elemente der Lichtbogenblaseinrichtung des erfindungsgemäßen Schaltgeräts gezeigt. Die Lichtbogenblaseinrichtung weist eine erste seitliche Polplatte 31, eine zweite seitliche Polplatte 32 und eine dazwischen angeordnete mittlere Polplatte 33 auf, wobei der ersten seitlichen Polplatte zwei erste Permanentmagneten 13 zugeordnet sind, und wobei der zweiten seitlichen Polplatte zwei zweite Permanentmagneten 14 zugeordnet sind. Die Permanentmagneten befinden sich jeweils zwischen der zugehörigen seitlichen Polplatte und der mittleren Polplatte. Ein magnetischer Rückschluss zwischen den Polplatten wird durch zusätzliche Eisenkerne 12 erreicht. Die Eisenkerne 12 sind jedoch nicht zwingend erforderlich, insbesondere wenn Permanentmagneten verwendet werden, die sich über die gesamte Distanz zwischen der mittleren Polplatte und der jeweiligen äußeren Polplatte erstrecken. Die beiden ersten Permanentmagneten 13 sind entgegengesetzt zu den beiden zweiten Permanentmagneten 14 gepolt, sodass zwischen der ersten Polplatte 31 und der mittleren Polplatte 33 ein erstes magnetisches Blasfeld besteht, welches entgegengesetzt zu einem zweiten magnetischen Blasfeld ausgerichtet ist, das zwischen der zweiten seitlichen Polplatte 32 und der mittleren Polplatte 33 aufgebaut wird. Wie in Figur 7 gezeigt ist, verlaufen die Magnetfeldlinien 38 des ersten Blasfelds direkt entgegengesetzt zu den Magnetfeldlinien 39 des zweiten magnetischen Blasfelds.In figure 4 the essential elements of the arc blowing device of the switching device according to the invention are also shown. The arc blowing device has a first lateral pole plate 31, a second lateral pole plate 32 and a central pole plate 33 arranged between them, with two first permanent magnets 13 being assigned to the first lateral pole plate and two second permanent magnets 14 being assigned to the second lateral pole plate. The permanent magnets are each located between the associated lateral pole plate and the central pole plate. A magnetic yoke between the pole plates is achieved by additional iron cores 12. However, the iron cores 12 are not absolutely necessary, particularly if permanent magnets are used, which extend over the entire distance between the central pole plate and the respective outer pole plate. The two first permanent magnets 13 have opposite polarity to the two second permanent magnets 14, so that there is a first magnetic blowout field between the first pole plate 31 and the middle pole plate 33, which is aligned opposite to a second magnetic blowout field that exists between the second lateral pole plate 32 and the middle pole plate 33 is built up. As in figure 7 is shown, the magnetic field lines 38 of the first blast field run directly opposite to the magnetic field lines 39 of the second magnetic blast field.

Die Polplatten 31, 32 und 33, die zugehörigen Permanentmagneten 13 und 14, sowie die Eisenkerne 12 sind jeweils von einer schützenden Isolierung umgeben, die verhindert, dass die beim Öffnen der Kontaktstellen entstehenden Schaltlichtbögen auf die genannten Bauteile überspringen und/oder die genannten Bauteile entweder durch direkte Einwirkung oder durch das Plasma, welches aufgrund der Schaltlichtbögen entsteht, beschädigen. In Figur 8 ist gezeigt, dass die Isolierung der mittleren Polplatte 33 aus zwei Isolierungshälften 27 und 28 besteht, die gleichzeitig eine Halterung für die Löschelemente 3 der Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung 2 bilden.The pole plates 31, 32 and 33, the associated permanent magnets 13 and 14, and the iron cores 12 are each surrounded by a protective insulation that prevents the switching arcs that occur when the contact points are opened from jumping over to the components mentioned and/or the components mentioned either by direct impact or by the plasma that is created due to the switching arcs. In figure 8 It is shown that the insulation of the middle pole plate 33 consists of two insulation halves 27 and 28, which at the same time form a holder for the quenching elements 3 of the arc quenching device 2.

Aus den Figuren 4 bis 8 geht hervor, dass der erste Abschnitt 17 des ersten Festkontakts 5 und der zweite Abschnitt 20 des zweiten Festkontakts 6 innerhalb des ersten Blasfelds angeordnet sind. Der zweite Abschnitt 18 des ersten Festkontakts 5 ist ebenso wie der erste Abschnitt 19 des zweiten Festkontakts 6 innerhalb des zweiten Blasfelds angeordnet. Insbe-sondere in Figur 6 ist gezeigt, dass die Kontaktbrücke 11 Z-förmig ausgeführt ist und einen mittleren Abschnitts 23, welcher sich vom ersten Blasfeld zum zweiten Blasfeld erstreckt und im Wesentlichen parallel zu den Magnetfeldlinien der beiden Blasfelder ausgerichtet ist, sowie zwei im 90° Winkel davon abstehende Abschnitte 21 und 22 aufweist. Die dritte Kontaktfläche 9 befindet sich dabei auf dem ersten Abschnitt 21, die vierte Kontaktfläche 10 befindet sich auf dem zweiten Abschnitt 22.From the Figures 4 to 8 shows that the first section 17 of the first fixed contact 5 and the second section 20 of the second fixed contact 6 are arranged within the first blast zone. The second section 18 of the first fixed contact 5, like the first section 19 of the second fixed contact 6, is arranged within the second blowout zone. Especially in figure 6 shows that the contact bridge 11 is Z-shaped and has a central section 23, which extends from the first blast zone to the second blast zone and is aligned essentially parallel to the magnetic field lines of the two blast zones, as well as two sections 21 protruding from it at a 90° angle and 22. The third contact surface 9 is located on the first section 21, the fourth contact surface 10 is located on the second section 22.

Figur 9 zeigt das Wirkprinzip des erfindungsgemäßen Schaltgeräts. Beim Öffnen der Kontaktstellen entstehen zwei Schaltlichtbögen, bei der im dargestellten Fall bestehenden Stromrichtung sind das ein erster Schaltlichtbogen 15 an der ersten Kontaktstelle und ein zweiter Schaltlichtbogen 16 an der zweiten Kontaktstelle. Da sich die beiden Kontaktstellen in jeweils einem der entgegengesetzt ausgerichteten magnetischen Blasfelder befinden, werden die beiden Schaltlichtbögen 15 und 16 zunächst in gleicher Richtung von der jeweiligen Kontaktstelle weggeblasen. Im dargestellten Fall bewegen sich beide Schaltlichtbögen 15 und 16 zunächst nach rechts. Die dabei der Reihe nach erreichten Positionen der beiden Schaltlichtbögen sind durch die Bezugszeichenfolgen 15, 15', 15", 15"', 15"" und 16, 16', 16" dargestellt. Der Schaltlichtbogen 15 läuft dabei auf den zweiten Abschnitt 20 des zweiten Festkontakts 6 zu. Durch die erfindungsgemäße Ausgestaltung der Kontaktbrücke 11 springt der auf der Kontaktbrücke 11 bestehende Fußpunkt des ersten Schaltlichtbogens 15 nach kurzer Zeit auf den zweiten Abschnitt 20 des zweiten Festkontakts 6 über (Position 15""). figure 9 shows the operating principle of the switching device according to the invention. When the contact points are opened, two switching arcs are produced. In the current direction in the illustrated case, these are a first switching arc 15 at the first contact point and a second switching arc 16 at the second contact point. Since the two contact points are each located in one of the oppositely aligned magnetic blowout fields, the two switching arcs 15 and 16 are initially blown away from the respective contact point in the same direction. In the case shown, both switching arcs 15 and 16 initially move to the right. The sequentially reached positions of the two switching arcs are represented by the reference numerals 15, 15', 15", 15"', 15"" and 16, 16', 16". The switching arc 15 runs on the second section 20 of the second fixed contact 6. Due to the configuration of the contact bridge 11 according to the invention, the foot point of the first switching arc 15 existing on the contact bridge 11 jumps over to the second section 20 of the second fixed contact 6 after a short time (position 15″″).

Dabei erlischt der zweite Schaltlichtbogen 16. Der erste Schaltlichtbogen 15 wird aufgrund der Wirkung des ersten Blasfelds in weiterer Folge zwischen den beiden Festkontakte 5 und 6 hindurch in die Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung 2 geblasen. Er wird auf dem Weg dorthin durch die beiden Lichtbogenleitbleche 34 und 37 gestreckt.In the process, the second switching arc 16 is extinguished. The first switching arc 15 is subsequently blown between the two fixed contacts 5 and 6 into the arc extinguishing device 2 due to the effect of the first blowout field. On the way there, it is stretched by the two arc guide plates 34 and 37 .

Bei umgekehrter Stromrichtung entsteht der erste Schaltlichtbogen 15 nicht an der ersten Kontaktstelle sondern an der zweiten Kontaktstelle. Beide Schaltlichtbögen bewegen sich in diesem Fall zunächst nach links. Nach Kommutierung des ersten Schaltlichtbogens von der Kontaktbrücke 11 auf den zweiten Abschnitt 18 des ersten Festkontakts 5 erlischt der zweite Schaltlichtbogen an der ersten Kontaktstelle. Der Schaltlichtbogen 15 wird in weiterer Folge aufgrund der Wirkung des zweiten magnetischen Blasfelds in die Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung 2 getrieben. Auf dem Weg dorthin wird er in diesem Fall durch die Paarung aus den beiden Lichtbogenleitblechen 35 und 36 gestreckt.If the current direction is reversed, the first switching arc 15 does not occur at the first contact point but rather at the second contact point. In this case, both switching arcs initially move to the left. After commutation of the first switching arc from the contact bridge 11 to the second section 18 of the first fixed contact 5, the second switching arc is extinguished at the first contact point. The switching arc 15 is subsequently driven into the arc extinguishing device 2 due to the effect of the second magnetic blowout field. In this case, on the way there it is stretched by the pairing of the two arc guide plates 35 and 36 .

Wie aus den Figuren 8 und 9 hervorgeht, weist die Kontaktbrücke 11 an der Stelle, an welcher der Schaltlichtbogen auf den gegenüberliegenden Festkontakt überspringen soll, eine scharfe Kante 24 zwischen der Oberseite der Kontaktbrücke und einer Längsseite 26 der Kontaktbrücke auf. Die scharfe Kante verhindert, dass der Fußpunkt des Schaltlichtbogens auf die Längsseite 26 weiter wandert. Weiter ist vorgesehen, dass die Kontaktbrücke 11 an der Stelle, an welcher ein Fußpunkt des zweiten Schaltlichtbogens 16 stehen bleiben soll, bevor der zweite Schaltlichtbogen 16 erlischt, ebenfalls eine scharfe Kante zwischen der Oberseite 25 der Kontaktbrücke 11 und einer Stirn- bzw. Längsseite der Kontaktbrücke 11 aufweist. Der zweite Schaltlichtbogen 16 wird dadurch wirksam in seiner Bewegung abgebremst.How from the Figures 8 and 9 shows that the contact bridge 11 has a sharp edge 24 between the top of the contact bridge and a longitudinal side 26 of the contact bridge at the point at which the switching arc is to jump to the opposite fixed contact. The sharp edge prevents the base point of the switching arc from migrating further to the long side 26. It is also provided that the contact bridge 11 also has a sharp edge between the upper side 25 of the contact bridge 11 and a front or longitudinal side of the contact bridge 11 at the point at which a base point of the second switching arc 16 should remain before the second switching arc 16 is extinguished Contact bridge 11 has. As a result, the movement of the second switching arc 16 is effectively slowed down.

BezugszeichenlisteReference List

11
Schaltgerätswitching device
22
Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtungarc extinguishing device
33
Löschelementdelete element
44
Elektromagnetischer AntriebElectromagnetic drive
55
erster Festkontaktfirst fixed contact
66
zweiter Festkontaktsecond fixed contact
77
erste Kontaktflächefirst contact surface
88th
zweite Kontaktflächesecond contact surface
99
dritte Kontaktflächethird contact surface
1010
vierte Kontaktflächefourth contact surface
1111
Kontaktbrückecontact bridge
1212
Eisenkerniron core
1313
erster Permanentmagnetfirst permanent magnet
1414
zweiter Permanentmagnetsecond permanent magnet
1515
erster Schaltlichtbogenfirst switching arc
1616
zweiter Schaltlichtbogensecond switching arc
1717
erster Abschnitt des ersten Festkontaktsfirst section of the first fixed contact
1818
zweiter Abschnitt des ersten Festkontaktssecond section of the first fixed contact
1919
erster Abschnitt des zweiten Festkontaktsfirst section of the second fixed contact
2020
zweiter Abschnitt des zweiten Festkontaktssecond section of the second fixed contact
2121
erster Abschnitt der Kontaktbrückefirst section of the contact bridge
2222
zweiter Abschnitt der Kontaktbrückesecond section of the contact bridge
2323
dritter Abschnitt der Kontaktbrückethird section of the contact bridge
2424
scharfe Kantesharp edge
2525
Oberseite der Kontaktbrücketop of the contact bridge
2626
Längsseite der KontaktbrückeLong side of the contact bridge
2727
Isolierunginsulation
2828
Isolierunginsulation
2929
vordere Gehäusehälftefront half of the case
3030
hintere Gehäusehälfterear half of the case
3131
erste seitliche Polplattefirst lateral pole plate
3232
zweite seitliche Polplattesecond lateral pole plate
3333
mittlere Polplattemiddle pole plate
3434
erstes Lichtbogenleitblechfirst arc runner
3535
zweites Lichtbogenleitblechsecond arc runner
3636
drittes Lichtbogenleitblechthird arc runner
3737
viertes Lichtbogenleitblechfourth arc runner
3838
Magnetfeldlinie des ersten magnetischen BlasfeldsMagnetic field line of the first magnetic blast field
3939
Magnetfeldlinie des zweiten magnetischen BlasfeldsMagnetic field line of the second magnetic blast field
AA
erster Abstandfirst distance
BB
zweiter Abstandsecond distance

Claims (14)

  1. A switching apparatus (1) for bidirectional operation with double break comprising a first contact point and a second contact point, an arc blow-out device associated to the contact points, and an arc quenching device (2) also associated to the contact points, wherein the switching apparatus includes a first fixed contact (5) with a first contact surface (7), a second fixed contact (6) with a second contact surface (8) and a contact bridge (11) having a third contact surface (9) and a fourth contact surface (10), wherein the first contact surface (7) and the third contact surface (9) define the first contact point, and wherein the second contact surface (8) and the fourth contact surface (10) define the second contact point, wherein the arc blow-out device includes at least a first permanent magnet (13) for generating a first magnetic blow field and a second magnetic blow field wherein the first magnetic blow field and the second magnetic blow field are directed in opposite directions such that magnetic field lines (38) of the first blow field extend opposite to magnetic field lines (39) of the second magnetic field, wherein the first contact point is arranged in the first blow field, and the second contact point is arranged in the second blow field, so that both a first switching arc (15) and a second switching arc (16), which are generated at the two contact points when the two contact points are opened are initially blown away from the respective contact point in the same direction due to the action of the respective blow field, the first switching arc (15) thereby being driven by the fixed contact where it originated in one direction towards the respective other of the two fixed contacts, and the second switching arc (16) thereby being driven by the fixed contact where it originated in one direction away from the respective other of the two fixed contacts,
    characterized in that the first magnetic blow field and the second magnetic blow field are directed in opposite directions such that the magnetic field lines (38) of the first blow field extend directly opposite to the magnetic field lines (39) of the second magnetic field, wherein the first fixed contact (5) includes a first portion (17) disposed within the first blow field and having the first contact surface (7) and a second portion (18) disposed within the second blow field, and wherein the second fixed contact (6) includes a first portion (19) disposed within the second blow field and having the second contact surface (8) and a second portion (20) disposed within the first blow field, wherein the first fixed contact (5), the second fixed contact (6) and the contact bridge (11) are configured and arranged with respect to the two blow fields in such a way that a root of the first switching arc (15) jumps from the contact bridge (11) to the second portion of the fixed contact to which the first switching arc (15) is initially driven, so that the second switching arc (16) is quenched, wherein the first switching arc (15) is subsequently blown between the two fixed contacts (5, 6) into the arc quenching device (2) due to the action of the respective blow field.
  2. The switching apparatus (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the first portion (17) of the first fixed contact (5) is arranged directly opposite the second portion (20) of the second fixed contact (6), wherein the first portion (19) of the second fixed contact (6) is arranged directly opposite the second portion (18) of the first fixed contact (5).
  3. The switching apparatus (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that the contact bridge has a planar shape, wherein a first distance (A) is defined between the first portion (17, 19) of one of the two fixed contacts (5, 6) and the respective opposite second portion(18, 20) of the other of the two fixed contacts (5, 6), wherein, when the contacts are open, a second distance (B) is defined both between the first contact surface (7) and the third contact surface (9) and between the second contact surface (8) and the fourth contact surface (10), and wherein the first distance (A) corresponds at most to 2.5 times the second distance (B).
  4. The switching apparatus (1) according to claim 3, characterized in that the ratio between the first distance (A) and the second distance (B) is in the range between 1.5 and 2.5.
  5. The switching apparatus (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that the ratio between the first distance (A) and the second distance (B) is in the range between 1.8 and 2.2.
  6. The switching apparatus (1) according to claim 5, characterized in that the ratio between the first distance (A) and the second distance (B) is in the range between 1.9 and 2.1.
  7. The switching apparatus (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the contact bridge (11) includes a first portion (21) extending from the first portion (17) of the first fixed contact (5) towards the second portion (20) of the second fixed contact (6), wherein the contact bridge (11) further includes a second portion (22) extending from the first portion (19) of the second fixed contact (6) towards the second portion (18) of the first fixed contact (5).
  8. The switching apparatus (1) according to claim 7, characterized in that the contact bridge (11) further comprises a central third portion (23) that connects the first portion (21) of the contact bridge (11) and the second portion (22) of the contact bridge (11) and extends from the first blow field to the second blow field, wherein the first portion (21) of the contact bridge (11) and the second portion (22) of the contact bridge (11) are each angled with respect from the central third portion (23).
  9. The switching apparatus (1) according to claim 8, characterized in that the first portion (21) of the contact bridge (11) and the second portion (22) of the contact bridge (11) protrude in opposite directions from the central third portion (23), wherein the central third portion (23) is aligned substantially parallel to the magnetic field lines (38, 39) of the first blow field and the second blow field.
  10. The switching apparatus (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the contact bridge (11) has a sharp edge between the upper side (25) of the contact bridge (11) and an end or longitudinal side of the contact bridge (11) at the position where a root of the second switching arc (16) is to remain before the second switching arc (16) is quenched.
  11. The switching apparatus (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the arc blow-out device comprises a first lateral pole plate (31), a second lateral pole plate (32) and a central pole plate (33) arranged therebetween, wherein the first permanent magnet (13) is associated to the first lateral pole plate (31), wherein a second permanent magnet (14) is associated to the second lateral pole plate (32), and wherein the first permanent magnet (13) and the second permanent magnet (14) are oppositely poled such that the first blow field is established between the first lateral pole plate (31) and the central pole plate (33) and the second blow field is established between the second lateral pole plate (32) and the central pole plate (33).
  12. The switching apparatus (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the contact bridge (11) and the arc quenching device (2) are arranged on opposite sides of the two fixed contacts (5, 6).
  13. The switching apparatus (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the switching apparatus (1) comprises a first arc runner (34), a second arc runner (35), a third arc runner (36) and a fourth arc runner (37), wherein the first arc runner (34) extends from the first portion (17) of the first fixed contact (5) to the arc quenching device (2), wherein the second arc runner (35) extends from the second portion (18) of the first fixed contact (5) to the arc quenching device (2), wherein the third arc runner (36) extends from the first portion (19) of the second fixed contact (6) to the arc quenching device (2), and wherein the fourth arc runner (37) extends from the second portion (20) of the second fixed contact (6) to the arc quenching device (2).
  14. The switching apparatus (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the ratio between a length of the contact bridge (11) measured parallel to the direction of the two blow fields and the first distance between the two fixed contacts (5, 6) measured orthogonally thereto is at least 1.2.
EP20717871.6A 2019-04-09 2020-04-09 Bidirectional switching contactor comprising a z-shaped contact bridge Active EP3891773B1 (en)

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DE102019109257 2019-04-09
PCT/EP2020/060197 WO2020208159A1 (en) 2019-04-09 2020-04-09 Bidirectional switching contactor comprising a z-shaped contact bridge

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EP3891773B1 true EP3891773B1 (en) 2022-01-26

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EP2551867A1 (en) * 2011-07-28 2013-01-30 Eaton Industries GmbH Switch for direct current operation
KR200486815Y1 (en) * 2014-07-11 2018-07-03 엘에스산전 주식회사 Relay
DE102015000796B4 (en) * 2015-01-22 2017-03-02 Schaltbau Gmbh Switching device with permanent magnetic arc extinguishing

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EP3891773A1 (en) 2021-10-13
WO2020208159A1 (en) 2020-10-15

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