EP3887603A1 - Method for treating soil - Google Patents

Method for treating soil

Info

Publication number
EP3887603A1
EP3887603A1 EP19835686.7A EP19835686A EP3887603A1 EP 3887603 A1 EP3887603 A1 EP 3887603A1 EP 19835686 A EP19835686 A EP 19835686A EP 3887603 A1 EP3887603 A1 EP 3887603A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tube
borehole
injection
drilling
treatment method
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP19835686.7A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3887603B1 (en
Inventor
Francisco DA COSTA
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Soletanche Freyssinet SA
Original Assignee
Soletanche Freyssinet SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Soletanche Freyssinet SA filed Critical Soletanche Freyssinet SA
Publication of EP3887603A1 publication Critical patent/EP3887603A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3887603B1 publication Critical patent/EP3887603B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02DFOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D3/00Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
    • E02D3/12Consolidating by placing solidifying or pore-filling substances in the soil

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of treatment of a soil in order to modify its physical properties such as, for example, the waterproofing or the solidity.
  • the invention relates more specifically to a method of treating such a soil.
  • a borehole is carried out and then the injection fluid is injected from an injection zone inside the borehole, towards the side wall of said borehole.
  • the injection fluid then spreads through the soil, so that a portion of the soil is then treated.
  • a tube is traditionally introduced into the borehole, above the injection zone, at the level of the unstable portions of soil.
  • This tube allows the lateral wall of the borehole to be maintained and the soil to be treated independently of the condition of the ground at the various depths considered along the borehole.
  • the tube is extracted from the borehole.
  • a disadvantage of this type of process is that during injection, the injection fluid is projected in part towards the tube so that it covers said tube and infiltrates between the tube and the wall of the borehole.
  • the injection fluid increases the friction between the tube and the ground, which greatly complicates the movement or extraction of the tube out of the borehole.
  • the injection fluid solidifies so that the tube is caught in the injection fluid, especially when it is a stiffening product.
  • the tube is then blocked in the borehole by the injection fluid, in which case it must be abandoned in the borehole, which is not desirable.
  • the injection fluid percolates and propagates gradually in the ground so that it bypasses the shutter.
  • the injection fluid possibly mixed with soil particles, then forms cuttings finally infiltrating between the tube and the side wall of the borehole.
  • the shutter is therefore insufficient to overcome the blockage of the tube in the borehole, caused by the injection fluid.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a method of treating a soil which remedies the aforementioned problems.
  • the invention relates to a method of treating a soil comprising the following steps: a tube is provided having a distal end; drilling is carried out in the ground, the drilling having a bottom, a side wall, a drilling depth and extending in a drilling direction;
  • At least one first closure element is introduced into the borehole at a second predetermined depth between the first predetermined depth and the borehole depth, so that it extends between the distal end of the tube and the bottom of the borehole , said at least one first obturation element being configured to obturate the drilling in order to define an injection zone situated between said at least one first obturation element, the bottom of the drilling and the side wall of the drilling; then injecting an injection fluid into the injection area while performing a step of evacuation of the cuttings located between the tube and the side wall of the borehole.
  • the method according to the invention makes it possible to treat one or more selected portions of soil using the injection fluid having physical properties adapted to the desired treatment.
  • the drilling is preferably carried out using a drilling machine comprising a soil cutting tool. It has substantially the shape of a cylinder having a diameter.
  • the drilling advantageously comprises a edge at the top, opening out of the borehole.
  • the drilling is preferably carried out so as to pass through the portion of soil to be treated, and the drilling depth is chosen so that the portion of soil to be treated is located between the bottom and the edge of the drilling.
  • the direction of drilling can be substantially vertical or inclined relative to the vertical.
  • the tube preferably has the shape of a cylinder having a diameter slightly smaller than the diameter of the borehole, so that it can easily be introduced into said borehole. It preferably has a length less than the drilling depth.
  • the tube is preferably configured to be placed in the borehole opposite a portion of unstable or fractured soil, liable to collapse. It then makes it possible to maintain the side wall of the borehole at a height equal to the first predetermined depth, in order to prevent said side wall from collapsing.
  • the distal end of the tube is configured to face the bottom of the borehole when the tube is introduced into the borehole.
  • the first predetermined depth is the depth to which said distal end of the tube extends when it is placed in the borehole.
  • the tube preferably includes a proximal end configured to extend outside the borehole.
  • the drill pipe can be moved in the borehole so as to successively support the side wall of the borehole at different depths.
  • the tube can be moved in a direction opposite to the bottom of the borehole, so as to gradually increase the height of the injection zone.
  • the injection fluid can be successively injected at different depths to treat a plurality of soil portions.
  • the method may include providing and positioning a plurality of tubes at different depths in order to consolidate the side wall of the borehole at said different depths.
  • the injection fluid is injected from the injection area, inside the borehole, preferably towards the side wall of the borehole.
  • the first obturation element advantageously has a cylindrical shape and a diameter substantially equal to the diameter of the borehole. When introduced into the borehole, it preferably forms a barrier hermetic in order to prevent the projection of fluid outside the projection area and therefore directly towards the tube.
  • the injection fluid risks infiltrating into the ground and propagating there by percolation. Also, the injection fluid, possibly mixed with soil particles, risks bypassing the first closure element and coming into contact with the drill pipe, via the soil. The injection fluid, possibly mixed with the soil particles, then forms cuttings seeping between the tube and the side wall of the borehole. These cuttings disturb the movement and the extraction of the tube in relation to the drilling.
  • the cuttings evacuation step then makes it possible to remove all or part of these cuttings and therefore of the injection fluid in contact with the tube.
  • One advantage is to prevent the tube from being caught in the injection fluid, in particular if it is a stiffening product such as a cement.
  • the cuttings evacuation stage also makes it possible to lighten the tube and reduce the friction between the tube and the side wall of the borehole, generated by said cuttings.
  • the cuttings evacuation step therefore facilitates the movement of the tube in the borehole as well as the extraction of said tube from the borehole.
  • the cuttings are evacuated outside the borehole and can be treated and reused later.
  • the removal of the cuttings can be carried out from the start of the injection of the injection fluid or in a deferred manner.
  • the cuttings evacuation step is preferably carried out before the injection fluid solidifies in contact with the tube, in particular when it is a grout, for example cement.
  • the step of removing the cuttings comprises cleaning the exterior surface of the tube.
  • the part of the tube which is arranged in the ground is preferably cleaned.
  • the step of cleaning the external surface of the tube can be carried out by suction of the cuttings, by injection of a washing fluid, by rubbing the external surface of the tube or by any other technique making it possible to reduce the quantity of cuttings covering said external surface of the tube.
  • the step of cleaning the external surface of the tube comprises rotating said tube around the direction of drilling. This rotation avoids solidification of the injection fluid in contact with the tube and therefore blockage of the tube in the borehole.
  • the rotation of the tube tends to move the cuttings towards the ends of the tube and therefore to clean the outer surface of the tube.
  • the rotation of the tube generates friction between the external surface of the tube and the side wall of the borehole making it possible to peel the cuttings covering said external surface of the tube.
  • the tube rotation speed is preferably relatively slow, of the order of a few revolutions per minute.
  • the tube rotation speed can advantageously be controlled, monitored and recorded.
  • the rotation of the tube can be controlled manually by an operator or triggered automatically in response to a trigger signal.
  • the tube rotation step is carried out using a displacement device configured to drive the tube in rotation around the direction of drilling.
  • the movement device can also be configured to move the tube in translation, in particular according to the direction of drilling. This makes it easy to introduce the tube into the borehole and to easily adjust the first determined depth to which the tube extends in the borehole, while rotating said tube.
  • the displacement device is advantageously disposed outside the borehole and cooperates with the tube so that the proximal end of the tube also extends outside the borehole.
  • the torque applied to the tube during its rotation can advantageously be controlled.
  • the distal end of the tube carries a cutting member, and the soil drilling step is carried out using the tube displaced in the soil in the direction of drilling to the depth of drilling.
  • One advantage is to carry out the drilling and the introduction of the tube into the drilling in a single step. This eliminates the use of a drilling tool separate from the tube and a step of introducing the tube subsequent to drilling. This saves time and reduces the number of tools necessary for the implementation of the treatment process.
  • the diameter of the tube is substantially equal to the diameter of the borehole, whereby the tube substantially matches the shape of the borehole.
  • One advantage is to minimize the sagging of the side wall of the borehole towards the interior of the borehole. The risk of the side wall of the borehole collapsing is further reduced.
  • the method comprises the steps according to which a torque sensor is provided, the resistive torque applied to the tube is measured using the torque sensor, and a possible presence of cuttings in contact with the tube is detected, thanks to the torque resistant measured.
  • said at least one first obturation element has a retracted position in which it can be moved in the borehole and a deployed position in which it cooperates with the side wall of the borehole to block the borehole in order to define said zone of injection.
  • One advantage is to be able to easily introduce the closure element into the borehole. It is preferably introduced into the drilling in the retracted position, moved to the second predetermined depth and then placed in the deployed position.
  • Another advantage is to be able to adjust the position of the first closure element at any time, for example when it is necessary to successively treat different portions of soil at different depths.
  • the first closure element is placed in the retracted position, moved, then again placed in the deployed position. This also makes it possible to adjust the dimensions of the injection zone.
  • said at least one first closure element is inflatable. In the retracted position, the closure element is deflated while it is inflated when it is placed in the deployed position.
  • An advantage is to be able to easily and quickly place the first filling element in the retracted position or in the deployed position.
  • Another advantage is that the first obturation element more effectively hugs the side wall of the borehole once inflated, which reduces the risk of leakage and therefore of infiltration of injection fluid between said side wall of the borehole and said first element. shutter.
  • the closure element can be connected to an inflation member disposed outside the borehole, making it possible to inflate or deflate it from outside the borehole.
  • the introduction of said at least one first obturation element into the borehole comprises the introduction of said first obturation element, in the retracted position, into the tube and the displacement of said first obturation element along the tube until at the second predetermined depth.
  • the tube is therefore placed in the borehole before introducing and positioning the first obturation element.
  • the injection of the injection fluid is carried out using an injection device comprising an injection channel extending inside the tube and opening into the injection zone.
  • the injection channel is preferably connected to a source of injection fluid supply located outside the borehole and makes it possible to bring the injection fluid from outside the borehole to the injection zone.
  • the tube protects the injection channel against the collapse of the side wall of the borehole and reduces the risk of damage to said injection channel.
  • the injection device comprises an injection nozzle disposed at the distal end of the injection channel and configured to be introduced into the injection zone, at a desired depth.
  • the injection device is preferably moved along the borehole, in the injection zone, in order to treat a plurality of soil portions at different depths.
  • the injection channel passes through said at least one first obturation element, whereby the injection fluid can be easily injected into the injection zone, between the first element shutter and the bottom of the borehole.
  • the first closure element therefore extends radially around the injection channel.
  • the first closure member When in the deployed position, substantially matches the shape of the injection channel, so as to reduce the risk of injection fluid infiltration between said first closure member and said delivery channel. injection.
  • the first obturation element and the injection channel are introduced simultaneously into the borehole.
  • the treatment method comprises a step according to which a second obturation element is introduced into the borehole at a third predetermined depth comprised between the second predetermined depth and the borehole depth, so that it lies between said at least a first obturation element and the bottom of the borehole, said second obturation element being configured to obturate the drilling so that the injection zone extends between the first obturation element, the second obturation element and the side wall of the borehole.
  • the second obturation element prevents the injection of fluid directly between the bottom of the borehole and said second obturation element.
  • One advantage is to delimit an injection area of reduced height, considered according to the direction of drilling. This makes it possible to treat a reduced and localized portion of soil. This avoids treating the soil to the bottom of the borehole, if this is not necessary.
  • the second closure element is preferably identical to the first closure element. It is preferably inflatable and can be easily moved inside the borehole.
  • the first and second closure elements are fixed relative to each other so that the distance between them remains constant and that they can be moved together.
  • the first and second closure elements can be movable relative to each other.
  • the height of the injection zone considered according to the direction of drilling, can be adjusted by moving the first and second obturation elements relative to each other, in order to modify the distance separating them.
  • the first and second sealing elements are introduced into the borehole at the same time. They are preferably both introduced into the tube in the retracted position, positioned in the borehole and then placed in the deployed position.
  • the injection fluid is chosen from a sealing product and a hardenable mud configured to consolidate the soil.
  • the waterproofing product is particularly suitable when it is necessary to treat the soil to reduce water infiltration, for example under a dam.
  • the use of curable mud is particularly suitable for strengthening the soil, when it is intended to support a building.
  • the injection fluid can be a grout or concrete.
  • the injection fluid is preferably a fluid capable of infiltrating and percolating into porous soil, in order to propagate therein to treat a portion of soil extended around the borehole.
  • the step of cleaning the external surface of the tube comprises injecting a washing fluid around the tube.
  • a washing fluid around the tube.
  • the washing fluid is advantageously sprayed homogeneously over the entire outer surface of the tube.
  • the injection of the washing fluid can be initiated as soon as the injection fluid is injected or in a delayed manner.
  • the step of cleaning the external surface of the tube may comprise only the rotation of the tube, only the injection of the washing fluid or the rotation of the tube simultaneously with the injection washing fluid.
  • the washing fluid is injected if the presence of cuttings in contact with the tube is detected using the torque sensor. It is advantageous not to inject the washing fluid unnecessarily, in the absence of cuttings in contact with the tube. This reduces the amount of washing fluid required and therefore the costs associated with cleaning the tubing.
  • the injection of the washing fluid can be triggered when the quantity of cuttings detected in contact with the tube is greater than a predetermined threshold.
  • the washing fluid is injected through the distal end of the tube towards the bottom of the borehole.
  • the tube is used as a pipe, so that the fluid is introduced into the tube from its proximal end, then brought to the distal end of the tube and finally injected into the borehole through its distal end.
  • Washing fluid fills then an upper part of the borehole situated above the first obturation element and infiltrates between the external surface of the tube and the side wall of the borehole.
  • the cuttings present in this upper part of the borehole then mix with the washing fluid and are entrained towards the upper end of the borehole.
  • the washing fluid then drives the cuttings out of the borehole. This step allows you to remove the cuttings and effectively clean the outside surface of the tube.
  • the step of injecting a washing fluid is carried out using an injection head configured to inject the washing fluid into the tube, the injection head comprising a fixed part and a pivoting part, the pivoting part being configured to cooperate with the tube.
  • the injection head is preferably configured to be connected to a source of washing fluid supply.
  • the injection head can advantageously be removably mounted at the proximal end of the tube, so that the pivoting part cooperates with said proximal end of the tube.
  • the fixed part may be integral with a device for moving the tube.
  • the injection head advantageously comprises a hole passing through the fixed and pivoting parts in the direction of drilling.
  • the hole therefore passes through the injection head, preferably right through.
  • Said hole is configured to receive an injection channel.
  • the first closure element can advantageously be introduced through said through hole and guided into the borehole via the injection head and then the tube.
  • the injection head advantageously comprises a side wall in which an orifice is formed. Said orifice passes through the fixed part and the pivoting part and opens into the through hole.
  • the orifice is configured to be connected to a source of washing fluid supply. Also, the fluid is injected into the hole passing through the injection head, via the orifice provided in its side wall. The washing fluid is then guided into the tube. The washing fluid advantageously flows between the tube and the injection channel.
  • the invention also relates to a device for treating a soil in which a drilling is carried out having a bottom, a side wall, a drilling depth and extending in a drilling direction, the treatment device comprising: a tube having a distal end, said tube being configured to be positioned in the borehole at a first predetermined depth less than the borehole depth; at least one first obturation element configured to be introduced into the drilling at a second predetermined depth between the first predetermined depth and the drilling depth, said at least one first obturation element being configured to obturate the drilling in order to define an injection zone located between said at least one first obturation element, the bottom of the borehole and the side wall of the borehole;
  • an injection device configured to inject injection fluid into the borehole; and a cuttings evacuation device configured to evacuate the cuttings located between the tube and the side wall of the borehole during the injection of the injection fluid into the borehole.
  • the cuttings evacuation device comprises a displacement device configured to rotate the tube around the direction of drilling.
  • the cuttings evacuation device comprises an injection head for injecting a washing fluid around the tube.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a first step in a soil treatment method according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a second step in the soil treatment process according to the invention
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a third step in the process for treating a soil in accordance with the invention
  • Figure 4 illustrates a fourth step in the method of treating a soil according to the invention
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a fifth step of the process for treating a soil in accordance with the invention
  • Figure 6 illustrates a sixth step of the soil treatment method according to the invention
  • FIG. 7 illustrates a seventh step of the soil treatment process according to the invention
  • FIG. 8 Figure 8 illustrates an eighth step of the soil treatment process according to the invention
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a ninth step of the process for treating a soil in accordance with the invention
  • Figure 10 illustrates a variant of the ninth step of the soil treatment process of Figure 9;
  • FIG. 11 illustrates the soil treated following the step illustrated in Figure 10;
  • FIG. 12 illustrates an injection head of a treatment device according to the invention.
  • Figure 13 illustrates a sectional view of the injection head of Figure 12.
  • the invention relates to a method for treating a soil. This process makes it possible to modify the physical properties of a portion of soil to be treated, by injection of an injection fluid.
  • the ground S comprises in particular a first unstable part SI and a second unstable part S2 extending above the first unstable part SI.
  • a hollow and cylindrical tube 10 having a proximal end 10a and a distal end 10b, opposite the distal end 10a.
  • the distal end 10b corresponds to the lower end of the tube and the proximal end 10a corresponds to the upper end of the tube 10.
  • the tube 10 comprises at its distal end 10b a plurality of cutting teeth 12 forming a cutting member for cutting the ground S.
  • a drilling machine 14 provided with a mast 16 and a displacement device 18.
  • the displacement device 18 is slidably mounted along the mast 16.
  • the tube 10 cooperates with the displacement device 18 so that said displacement device 18 is configured to drive said tube 10 in rotation.
  • the speed of rotation of the tube 10 can advantageously be controlled and adjusted.
  • the displacement device 18 also comprises a torque sensor 19, making it possible to measure a resistive torque applied to the tube 10, opposing its rotation.
  • the method comprises a first step of making a borehole using the tube 10. As illustrated in FIG. 1, the displacement device 18 is translated along the mast 16, downwards, from so as to move the tube 10 substantially vertically downwards. In parallel, the displacement device 18 drives the tube 10 in rotation, in order to cut the ground using the cutting teeth 12, so as to carry out said drilling F. As a variant, it could be envisaged to vibrate the tube 10 in order to cut the soil S. The tube therefore constitutes a drilling tube.
  • drilling F could be carried out by means of a drilling tool independent of the tube.
  • the drilling F is carried out so as to cross at least partially the portions of soil Z1, Z2 to be treated.
  • the borehole comprises a bottom Fa and a side wall Fb.
  • said borehole F extends in a direction of drilling Y and to a drilling depth Pf.
  • the borehole also crosses the first and second parts of unstable soil S1, S2.
  • a second step is carried out according to which the displacement device 18 is translated along the mast 16, upwards.
  • the tube 10, cooperating with the displacement device 18, is therefore also moved upward and back up along the borehole F.
  • the tube is then positioned in the borehole at a first predetermined depth PI. More specifically, the tube is positioned so that its distal end 10b extends to said first predetermined depth PI.
  • Said predetermined depth PI is less than the drilling depth Pf and less than the depth to which the first portion of soil ZI to be treated extends. Also, the tube extends above the portion of soil to be treated and facing the first and second portions of unstable soil S1, S2, liable to collapse. The tube 10 extends in the borehole F, along the direction of borehole Y.
  • the tube then makes it possible to maintain the side wall Fb of the borehole at a height equal to the first predetermined depth PI, and therefore in particular at the level of the first and second parts of unstable soil S1, S2, in order to prevent said side wall Fb from s 'collapse.
  • the diameter of the tube 10 is very slightly less than the diameter of the borehole F so that it substantially matches the side wall Fb of the borehole F.
  • the tube 10 is provided at its proximal end 10a with an injection head 20.
  • An example of an injection head 20 is illustrated in FIGS. 12 and 13. It is preferably removably mounted at the proximal end 10a of the tube.
  • the injection head 20 comprises a fixed part 22 secured to the displacement device 18, by means of a rod 23.
  • the injection head 20 further comprises a pivoting part 24 configured to pivot relative to the fixed part 22.
  • the injection head 20 comprises a hole 26 passing through the fixed 22 and pivoting 24 parts and therefore passing through the injection head, from top to bottom along an axis. Said axis coincides with the drilling direction Y when the tube 10 extends in said drilling.
  • the fixed 22 and pivoting 24 parts have a substantially cylindrical shape.
  • the pivoting part 24 cooperates with the proximal end 10a of the tube 10, so that it pivots in the direction of drilling Y when the tube is rotated.
  • the injection head further comprises an orifice 25 passing through the fixed 22 and pivoting 24 radially.
  • the orifice 25 opens into the through hole 26. Said orifice 25 is configured to be connected to a source of supply of washing fluid.
  • the injection head also comprises pivoting seals 27 arranged between the pivoting part 24 and the fixed part 22.
  • a first obturation element 30 is then introduced into the borehole, as can be seen in FIG. 3.
  • the first obturation element 30 is inflatable and has a retracted position in which it is deflated, and a deployed position in which it is inflated. It is further mounted on an injection channel 32, so that said injection channel 32 passes through the first shutter member 30.
  • the first shutter member 30 is further connected to an inflation member disposed outside the drilling via an inflation line. For reasons of readability, said inflation member and said pipe are not shown.
  • the first obturation element 30 is initially placed in the retracted position, around the injection channel 32. Said injection channel and said first obturation element in the retracted position are then introduced jointly into the tube 10, via the hole 24 passing through the injection head 20, and translated towards the bottom Fa of the borehole F. They are moved until the first obturation element 30 comes out of the tube by its distal end 10b. The first obturation element is brought to a second depth predetermined P2, comprised between the first predetermined depth PI and the drilling depth Pf. The first obturation element 30 then extends between the tube 10 and the bottom of the drilling Fa. The inflation line and the injection channel 32 extend into the tube 10 and into the hole 26 passing through the injection head 20 and open out of said injection head through its upper end.
  • Air is then injected into the first obturation element 30, via the pipe, by means of the inflation member.
  • the first obturation element is then inflated and placed in the deployed position, illustrated in FIG. 4. It can therefore be deployed from outside the borehole.
  • the first obturation element 30 marries the side wall Fb of the borehole F so that it forms a plug between the drilling parts arranged above and below said first obturation element 30.
  • the first element shutter then defines an injection zone 34 located between said first shutter member 30, the bottom Fa of the borehole F and the side wall Fb of the borehole.
  • the injection zone 34 is arranged opposite the first portion of soil to be treated Zl.
  • the injection channel 32 is preferably connected to a source of injection fluid supply. As can be seen in FIG. 4, the injection channel 32 passes through the injection head 20 and also extends inside the tube 10. It comprises a proximal end 32a projecting from the proximal end 10a of the tube and from the upper end of the injection head 20. The proximal end 32a of the injection channel 32 is connected to the source of injection fluid supply. The injection channel 32 also comprises a distal end 32b then extending into the injection zone 34, below the first closure element 30. The distal end of the injection channel 32 is provided with a nozzle injection 36 configured to project an injection fluid. The injection channel 32 and the injection nozzle 36 are part of an injection device.
  • the injection fluid is then injected, illustrated in FIG. 5.
  • the injection fluid can consist of a sealant if it is necessary to seal the ground or a curable mud if appropriate to consolidate the soil. It can also be a grout.
  • the injection fluid is introduced into the injection channel 32, at the proximal end 32a of said injection channel and propagates in said injection channel from its proximal end to its distal end 32b. It is then injected into the injection zone 34 by means of the injection nozzle 36 which makes it possible to project it substantially radially towards the side wall Fb of the borehole F.
  • the injection fluid injected is represented by the arrows in solid lines.
  • the injection fluid then infiltrates the soil S and propagates in the first portion of soil ZI to be treated. The soil is thus treated.
  • the first obturation element 30 makes it possible to avoid direct projection of the injection fluid towards the tube 10.
  • the injection fluid is however capable of bypassing the first obturation element and to accumulate between said first closure element 30 and the tube 10 or to infiltrate between the tube 10 and the side wall Fb of the borehole.
  • the injection fluid possibly mixed with soil particles, forms cuttings liable to infiltrate between the side wall of the borehole and an external surface 11 of the tube. This is undesirable since these cuttings may disturb the movement of the tube 10 or even block the tube in the borehole.
  • a step of evacuating the cuttings located between the tube 10 and the side wall Fb of the borehole is carried out, simultaneously with the injection of the injection fluid into the injection zone 34, so as to remove the cuttings in contact with said tube. More specifically, a cleaning step is carried out on the outer surface 11 of the tube. Advantageously, only the part of the tube which is in the ground is cleaned.
  • the resistive torque applied to the tube is measured, using the torque sensor 19.
  • this resistive torque is greater than a predetermined threshold, it is deduces the presence of cuttings, and in particular of injection fluid, in contact with the tube 10 and the cleaning of the tube and the removal of the cuttings are then triggered.
  • the step of removing the cuttings could be triggered from the start of the injection of the injection fluid into the injection zone 34.
  • the tube 10 In order to clean the tube 10 and remove the cuttings, the tube 10 is rotated, using the displacement device 18, around an axis of rotation substantially coincident with the longitudinal direction Y of the borehole F. upon this rotation, the injection fluid in contact with the tube is not likely to dry out and solidify. The risk of the tube getting stuck in the ground is therefore greatly reduced.
  • the rotational movement of the tube 10 has the consequence of moving the cuttings located between said tube and the side wall Fb of the borehole towards the proximal end 10a of the tube. The rotation of the tube therefore makes it possible to effectively clean its outer surface 11 and quickly remove the cuttings.
  • the external surface 11 of the tube could comprise at least one propeller making it possible to convey the cuttings towards the proximal end 10a of the tube and therefore towards the outside of the tube, to facilitate its evacuation .
  • a washing fluid can comprise an aqueous solution and cleaning agents.
  • the washing fluid is introduced into the tube, at its proximal end 10a, via the orifice formed in the fixed 22 and pivoting 24 parts of the injection head 20.
  • the injection head 20 therefore makes it possible to inject the washing fluid into the tube 10.
  • the tube is then used as a pipe, so that the washing fluid flows between the injection channel 32 and the tube 10.
  • the washing fluid is brought up to at the distal end 10b of the tube where it is injected into the borehole F. Insofar as the tube 10 pivots, the pivoting part 24 of the injection head 20 is also rotated.
  • the washing fluid then gradually fills the upper part of the borehole situated above the first closure element and infiltrates between the external surface 11 of the tube 10 and the side wall Fb of the borehole.
  • the cuttings, including the injection fluid, present in this upper part of the borehole then mix with the washing fluid, so that the washing fluid drives the cuttings towards the upper end of the borehole and drives them out of the borehole. This step makes it possible to evacuate the cuttings and to clean more effectively the external surface 11 of the tube 10.
  • the coupled action of the washing fluid and the rotation of the tube makes it possible to detach the cuttings all the more effectively in contact with the tube.
  • the rotation of the tube in conjunction with the injection of the washing fluid therefore allows very effective cleaning of the external surface 11 of the tube 10, substantially reducing the risks of blockage of the tube 10 in the bore F.
  • the injection head 20 and the displacement device 18 form a device for cleaning the tube 10 and therefore a device for removing the cuttings situated between the tube 10 and the side wall Fb of the borehole F.
  • FIG. 6 it can be seen that the injection fluid has propagated in the first portion of soil Z1, from the injection zone, so that this first portion of ZI soil has been treated.
  • the dimensions of the first portion of ZI soil treated depend in particular on the injection time and the quantity of injection fluid injected.
  • FIGS. 7 to 10 illustrate the treatment of the second portion of soil Z2 distinct from the first portion of soil ZI treated.
  • the second portion of soil Z2 to be treated extends between the first part of unstable soil SI and the second part of unstable soil S2.
  • the tube 10 is moved upwards from the borehole F and positioned at a first secondary predetermined depth PI 'less than the first predetermined depth PI.
  • the tube 10 is then located opposite the second part of unstable soil S2 and makes it possible to maintain the side wall Fb of the borehole F at the level of this second part of unstable soil S2.
  • the first closure element 30 is deflated and placed in the retracted position. It is then moved up the borehole F to a second secondary predetermined depth P2 'less than the second predetermined depth P2.
  • the first obturation element 30 is inflated so as to be placed in the deployed position in which it marries the side wall Fb of the borehole.
  • the first obturation element then defines a secondary injection zone 34 ′ situated between the first obturation element 30, the bottom Fa of the borehole F and the side wall Fb of the borehole.
  • the secondary injection zone 34 ′ is arranged in particular opposite the second portion of soil Z2 to be treated, as can be seen in FIG. 9.
  • the injection channel 32 and the injection nozzle 36 are also raised in the borehole, facing the second portion of soil Z2 to be treated.
  • the injection fluid is injected into the secondary injection zone 34 'so as to treat the second portion of soil Z2.
  • the tube is cleaned and the cuttings located between the tube 10 and the side wall Fb of the borehole F are removed.
  • the tube 10 is rotated using the displacement device 18 and a washing fluid is injected into the borehole F and around the tube 10 using the injection head 20.
  • the circulation of the washing fluid makes it possible to prevent the cuttings, comprising the injection fluid, from blocking the tube in the borehole.
  • the injection fluid has infiltrated into the soil S so that the first portion of soil ZI and the second portion of soil Z2 are treated.
  • the second closure element 31 is similar to the first closure element 30 and can also be placed in a deployed position. It therefore makes it possible to reduce the secondary injection zone 34 ', so that said secondary injection zone 34' therefore extends between the first obturation element 30, the second obturation element 31 and the wall lateral Fb of the borehole. An advantage is not to project the injection fluid towards the bottom Fa of the borehole and therefore to locate the injection more precisely.
  • the second closure element 31 may have been introduced at the same time as the first closure element 30 or after.
  • the treatment of the first and second portions of soil Z1, Z2 was therefore carried out by going back, in two successive injection stages, to the top of the borehole F.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

Method for treating soil (S), characterised in that it comprises the steps in which: a tube (10) is provided, a borehole (F) is made which has a drilling depth, the tube is positioned in the borehole at a first predetermined depth (P1) which is less than the depth of the borehole, at least one first sealing element (30) is introduced into the borehole at a second predetermined depth (P2) between the first predetermined depth and the depth of the borehole, the at least one first sealing element being configured to seal the borehole in order to define an injection zone (34), then an injection fluid is injected into the injection zone while performing a step of removing the debris located between the tube and the side wall of the borehole.

Description

PROCEDE DE TRAITEMENT D'UN SOL PROCESS FOR TREATING SOIL
Domaine Technique Technical area
La présente invention concerne le domaine du traitement d'un sol afin d'en modifier les propriétés physiques telles que par exemple l'étanchéité ou la solidité. L'invention porte plus précisément sur un procédé de traitement d'un tel sol. The present invention relates to the field of treatment of a soil in order to modify its physical properties such as, for example, the waterproofing or the solidity. The invention relates more specifically to a method of treating such a soil.
Technique antérieure Prior art
Il est connu d'injecter dans un sol des fluides d'injection tel que des produits d'étanchéification ou de rigidification. En particulier, lorsqu'un produit de rigidification est injecté dans un sol, il comble les aspérités dudit sol ou les fissures présentes en cas de sol rocheux, afin de consolider ce dernier. It is known practice to inject injection fluids such as sealing or stiffening products into soil. In particular, when a stiffening product is injected into a soil, it fills the roughness of said soil or the cracks present in the case of rocky soil, in order to consolidate the latter.
Pour traiter un sol en profondeur, il est connu des procédés dans lesquels on réalise un forage puis on injecte le fluide d'injection depuis une zone d'injection à l'intérieur du forage, vers la paroi latérale dudit forage. Le fluide d'injection se répand alors dans le sol, de sorte qu'une portion de sol est alors traitée. En présence de terrain fortement fracturé ou très instable, il peut toutefois être nécessaire de renforcer la paroi latérale du forage. Aussi, pour éviter que cette paroi ne s'effondre et bouche le forage, on introduit traditionnellement un tube dans le forage, au-dessus de la zone d'injection, au niveau des portions de sol instables. To treat soil in depth, methods are known in which a borehole is carried out and then the injection fluid is injected from an injection zone inside the borehole, towards the side wall of said borehole. The injection fluid then spreads through the soil, so that a portion of the soil is then treated. In the presence of highly fractured or very unstable ground, it may however be necessary to reinforce the side wall of the borehole. Also, to prevent this wall from collapsing and blocking the borehole, a tube is traditionally introduced into the borehole, above the injection zone, at the level of the unstable portions of soil.
Ce tube permet de maintenir la paroi latérale du forage et de procéder au traitement du sol indépendamment de l'état du sol aux différentes profondeurs considérées le long du forage. Lorsque l'injection du fluide est terminée, le tube est extrait du forage. This tube allows the lateral wall of the borehole to be maintained and the soil to be treated independently of the condition of the ground at the various depths considered along the borehole. When the injection of the fluid is finished, the tube is extracted from the borehole.
Un inconvénient de ce type de procédé est que lors de l'injection, le fluide d'injection est projeté en partie vers le tube de sorte qu'il couvre ledit tube et s'infiltre entre le tube et la paroi du forage. Le fluide d'injection augmente les frottements entre le tube et le sol, ce qui complique fortement le déplacement ou l'extraction du tube hors du forage. Dans le pire des cas, le fluide d'injection se solidifie de sorte que le tube est pris dans le fluide d'injection, notamment lorsqu'il s'agit d'un produit de rigidification. Le tube est alors bloqué dans le forage par le fluide d'injection, auquel cas il doit être abandonné dans le forage, ce qui n'est pas souhaitable. Il est connu d'utiliser un obturateur disposé entre le fond du forage et le tube, afin de délimiter une zone d'injection. L'obturateur permet d'empêcher la projection du fluide d'injection directement sur le tube et donc de limiter le risque de blocage du tube dans le forage. A disadvantage of this type of process is that during injection, the injection fluid is projected in part towards the tube so that it covers said tube and infiltrates between the tube and the wall of the borehole. The injection fluid increases the friction between the tube and the ground, which greatly complicates the movement or extraction of the tube out of the borehole. In the worst case, the injection fluid solidifies so that the tube is caught in the injection fluid, especially when it is a stiffening product. The tube is then blocked in the borehole by the injection fluid, in which case it must be abandoned in the borehole, which is not desirable. It is known to use a shutter disposed between the bottom of the borehole and the tube, in order to delimit an injection zone. The shutter prevents spraying of the injection fluid directly on the tube and therefore limits the risk of blockage of the tube in the borehole.
On comprend toutefois qu'une fois injecté, le fluide d'injection percole et se propage de proche en proche dans le sol de sorte qu'il contourne l'obturateur. Le fluide d'injection, éventuellement mélangé à des particules de sol, forme alors des déblais s'infiltrant finalement entre le tube et la paroi latérale du forage. L'obturateur est donc insuffisant pour s'affranchir du blocage du tube dans le forage, causé par le fluide d'injection. However, it is understood that once injected, the injection fluid percolates and propagates gradually in the ground so that it bypasses the shutter. The injection fluid, possibly mixed with soil particles, then forms cuttings finally infiltrating between the tube and the side wall of the borehole. The shutter is therefore insufficient to overcome the blockage of the tube in the borehole, caused by the injection fluid.
Exposé de l’invention Statement of the invention
Un but de la présente invention est de proposer un procédé de traitement d'un sol remédiant aux problèmes précités. An object of the present invention is to provide a method of treating a soil which remedies the aforementioned problems.
Pour ce faire, l'invention porte sur un procédé de traitement d'un sol comprenant les étapes suivantes : on fournit un tube ayant une extrémité distale ; on réalise un forage dans le sol, le forage ayant un fond, une paroi latérale, une profondeur de forage et s'étendant selon une direction de forage; To do this, the invention relates to a method of treating a soil comprising the following steps: a tube is provided having a distal end; drilling is carried out in the ground, the drilling having a bottom, a side wall, a drilling depth and extending in a drilling direction;
on positionne le tube dans le forage à une première profondeur prédéterminée inférieure à la profondeur de forage ; on introduit au moins un premier élément d'obturation dans le forage à une deuxième profondeur prédéterminée comprise entre la première profondeur prédéterminée et la profondeur de forage, de sorte qu'il s'étend entre l'extrémité distale du tube et le fond du forage, ledit au moins un premier élément d'obturation étant configuré pour obturer le forage afin de définir une zone d'injection située entre ledit au moins un premier élément d'obturation, le fond du forage et la paroi latérale du forage ; puis on injecte un fluide d'injection dans la zone d'injection tout en réalisant une étape d'évacuation des déblais situés entre le tube et la paroi latérale du forage. positioning the tube in the borehole at a first predetermined depth less than the drilling depth; at least one first closure element is introduced into the borehole at a second predetermined depth between the first predetermined depth and the borehole depth, so that it extends between the distal end of the tube and the bottom of the borehole , said at least one first obturation element being configured to obturate the drilling in order to define an injection zone situated between said at least one first obturation element, the bottom of the drilling and the side wall of the drilling; then injecting an injection fluid into the injection area while performing a step of evacuation of the cuttings located between the tube and the side wall of the borehole.
Le procédé selon l'invention permet de traiter une ou plusieurs portions de sol choisies à l'aide du fluide d'injection ayant des propriétés physiques adaptées au traitement souhaité. The method according to the invention makes it possible to treat one or more selected portions of soil using the injection fluid having physical properties adapted to the desired treatment.
Le forage est de préférence réalisé à l'aide d'une machine de forage comprenant un outil de découpe du sol. Il présente sensiblement la forme d'un cylindre ayant un diamètre. Le forage comprend avantageusement un bord en partie supérieure, débouchant hors du forage. Le forage est préférentiellement réalisé de manière à traverser la portion de sol à traiter, et la profondeur de forage est choisie de sorte que la portion de sol à traiter est située entre le fond et le bord du forage. The drilling is preferably carried out using a drilling machine comprising a soil cutting tool. It has substantially the shape of a cylinder having a diameter. The drilling advantageously comprises a edge at the top, opening out of the borehole. The drilling is preferably carried out so as to pass through the portion of soil to be treated, and the drilling depth is chosen so that the portion of soil to be treated is located between the bottom and the edge of the drilling.
La direction de forage peut être sensiblement verticale ou inclinée par rapport à la verticale. The direction of drilling can be substantially vertical or inclined relative to the vertical.
Le tube présente de préférence la forme d'un cylindre ayant un diamètre légèrement inférieur au diamètre du forage, de sorte qu'il peut aisément être introduit dans ledit forage. Il présente de préférence une longueur inférieure à la profondeur de forage. The tube preferably has the shape of a cylinder having a diameter slightly smaller than the diameter of the borehole, so that it can easily be introduced into said borehole. It preferably has a length less than the drilling depth.
Le tube est de préférence configuré pour être disposé dans le forage en regard d'une portion de sol instable ou fracturée, susceptible de s'effondrer. Il permet alors de maintenir la paroi latérale du forage sur une hauteur égale à la première profondeur prédéterminée, afin d'empêcher ladite paroi latérale de s'effondrer. The tube is preferably configured to be placed in the borehole opposite a portion of unstable or fractured soil, liable to collapse. It then makes it possible to maintain the side wall of the borehole at a height equal to the first predetermined depth, in order to prevent said side wall from collapsing.
L'extrémité distale du tube est configurée pour être orientée vers le fond du forage lorsque le tube est introduit dans le forage. La première profondeur prédéterminée est la profondeur à laquelle s'étend ladite extrémité distale du tube lorsqu'il est placé dans le forage. The distal end of the tube is configured to face the bottom of the borehole when the tube is introduced into the borehole. The first predetermined depth is the depth to which said distal end of the tube extends when it is placed in the borehole.
De plus, le tube comprend de préférence une extrémité proximale configurée pour s'étendre à l'extérieur du forage. In addition, the tube preferably includes a proximal end configured to extend outside the borehole.
Préférentiellement, le tube de forage peut être déplacé dans le forage de manière à soutenir successivement la paroi latérale du forage à différentes profondeurs. En particulier, le tube peut être déplacé dans une direction opposée au fond du forage, de manière à augmenter progressivement la hauteur de la zone d'injection. Preferably, the drill pipe can be moved in the borehole so as to successively support the side wall of the borehole at different depths. In particular, the tube can be moved in a direction opposite to the bottom of the borehole, so as to gradually increase the height of the injection zone.
Le fluide d'injection peut être injecté successivement à différentes profondeurs afin de traiter une pluralité de portions de sols. The injection fluid can be successively injected at different depths to treat a plurality of soil portions.
Sans sortir du cadre de l'invention, le procédé peut comprendre la fourniture et le positionnement d'une pluralité de tubes à différentes profondeurs afin de consolider la paroi latérale du forage auxdites différentes profondeurs. Without departing from the scope of the invention, the method may include providing and positioning a plurality of tubes at different depths in order to consolidate the side wall of the borehole at said different depths.
On injecte le fluide d'injection depuis la zone d'injection, à l'intérieur du forage, de préférence vers la paroi latérale du forage. The injection fluid is injected from the injection area, inside the borehole, preferably towards the side wall of the borehole.
Le premier élément d'obturation présente avantageusement une forme cylindrique et un diamètre sensiblement égal au diamètre du forage. Lorsqu'il est introduit dans le forage, il forme de préférence une barrière hermétique afin d'empêcher la projection de fluide hors de la zone de projection et donc directement vers le tube. The first obturation element advantageously has a cylindrical shape and a diameter substantially equal to the diameter of the borehole. When introduced into the borehole, it preferably forms a barrier hermetic in order to prevent the projection of fluid outside the projection area and therefore directly towards the tube.
On comprend toutefois que le fluide d'injection risque de s'infiltrer dans le sol et de s'y propager par percolation. Aussi, le fluide d'injection, éventuellement mélangé avec des particules de sol, risque de contourner le premier élément d'obturation et de venir en contact avec le tube de forage, via le sol. Le fluide d'injection, éventuellement mélangé avec les particules de sol, forme alors des déblais s'infiltrant entre le tube et la paroi latérale du forage. Ces déblais perturbent le déplacement et l'extraction du tube par rapport au forage. It is understood, however, that the injection fluid risks infiltrating into the ground and propagating there by percolation. Also, the injection fluid, possibly mixed with soil particles, risks bypassing the first closure element and coming into contact with the drill pipe, via the soil. The injection fluid, possibly mixed with the soil particles, then forms cuttings seeping between the tube and the side wall of the borehole. These cuttings disturb the movement and the extraction of the tube in relation to the drilling.
L'étape d'évacuation des déblais permet alors d'ôter tout ou partie de ces déblais et donc du fluide d'injection en contact avec le tube. Un intérêt est d'empêcher que le tube ne soit pris dans le fluide d'injection, notamment s'il s'agit d'un produit de rigidification tel un ciment. L'étape d'évacuation des déblais permet également d'alléger le tube et de réduire les frottements entre le tube et la paroi latérale du forage, générés par lesdits déblais. The cuttings evacuation step then makes it possible to remove all or part of these cuttings and therefore of the injection fluid in contact with the tube. One advantage is to prevent the tube from being caught in the injection fluid, in particular if it is a stiffening product such as a cement. The cuttings evacuation stage also makes it possible to lighten the tube and reduce the friction between the tube and the side wall of the borehole, generated by said cuttings.
L'étape d'évacuation des déblais facilite donc le déplacement du tube dans le forage ainsi que l'extraction dudit tube hors du forage. Les déblais sont évacués vers l'extérieur du forage et peuvent être traités et réutilisés ultérieurement. The cuttings evacuation step therefore facilitates the movement of the tube in the borehole as well as the extraction of said tube from the borehole. The cuttings are evacuated outside the borehole and can be treated and reused later.
De manière non limitative, l'évacuation des déblais peut être réalisée dès le début de l'injection du fluide d'injection ou de manière différée. L'étape d'évacuation des déblais est de préférence réalisée avant solidification du fluide d'injection en contact avec le tube, notamment lorsqu'il s'agit d'un coulis, par exemple de ciment. In a nonlimiting manner, the removal of the cuttings can be carried out from the start of the injection of the injection fluid or in a deferred manner. The cuttings evacuation step is preferably carried out before the injection fluid solidifies in contact with the tube, in particular when it is a grout, for example cement.
De préférence, l'étape d'évacuation des déblais comprend le nettoyage de la surface extérieure du tube. Un intérêt est d'enlever tout ou partie du fluide d'injection s'étant infiltré entre la paroi latérale du forage et ladite surface extérieure du tube. Le nettoyage de la surface extérieure du tube permet de décoller et évacuer les déblais jusqu'à ce que la surface extérieure du tube soit sensiblement allégée en fluide d'injection et en déblais. Ceci permet encore de réduire les frottements entre le tube et ladite paroi latérale du forage de manière à faciliter d'autant plus le déplacement ou l'extraction du tube hors du forage. Preferably, the step of removing the cuttings comprises cleaning the exterior surface of the tube. An advantage is to remove all or part of the injection fluid which has infiltrated between the side wall of the borehole and said external surface of the tube. The cleaning of the external surface of the tube makes it possible to take off and evacuate the cuttings until the external surface of the tube is substantially reduced in injection fluid and in cuttings. This also makes it possible to reduce the friction between the tube and said side wall of the borehole so as to facilitate all the more the displacement or the extraction of the tube out of the borehole.
On nettoie de préférence la partie du tube qui est disposée dans le sol. The part of the tube which is arranged in the ground is preferably cleaned.
De manière non limitative, l'étape de nettoyage de la surface extérieure du tube peut être réalisée par aspiration des déblais, par injection d'un fluide de lavage, en frottant la surface extérieure du tube ou par toute autre technique permettant de réduire la quantité de déblais couvrant ladite surface extérieure du tube. In a nonlimiting manner, the step of cleaning the external surface of the tube can be carried out by suction of the cuttings, by injection of a washing fluid, by rubbing the external surface of the tube or by any other technique making it possible to reduce the quantity of cuttings covering said external surface of the tube.
Avantageusement, l'étape de nettoyage de la surface extérieure du tube comprend la mise en rotation dudit tube autour de la direction de forage. Cette mise en rotation permet d'éviter la solidification du fluide d'injection en contact avec le tube et donc le blocage du tube dans le forage. En outre, la mise en rotation du tube à pour tendance de déplacer les déblais vers les extrémités du tube et donc de nettoyer la surface extérieure du tube. Par ailleurs, la mise en rotation du tube génère des frottements entre la surface extérieure du tube et la paroi latérale du forage permettant de décoller les déblais couvrant ladite surface extérieure du tube. Advantageously, the step of cleaning the external surface of the tube comprises rotating said tube around the direction of drilling. This rotation avoids solidification of the injection fluid in contact with the tube and therefore blockage of the tube in the borehole. In addition, the rotation of the tube tends to move the cuttings towards the ends of the tube and therefore to clean the outer surface of the tube. Furthermore, the rotation of the tube generates friction between the external surface of the tube and the side wall of the borehole making it possible to peel the cuttings covering said external surface of the tube.
La vitesse de rotation du tube est de préférence relativement lente, de l'ordre de quelques tours par minute. La vitesse de rotation du tube peut avantageusement être contrôlée, surveillée et enregistrée. The tube rotation speed is preferably relatively slow, of the order of a few revolutions per minute. The tube rotation speed can advantageously be controlled, monitored and recorded.
La mise en rotation du tube peut être commandée manuellement par un opérateur ou déclenchée automatiquement en réponse à un signal de déclenchement. Préférentiellement, l'étape de mise en rotation du tube est réalisée à l'aide d'un dispositif de déplacement configuré pour entraîner le tube en rotation autour de la direction de forage. The rotation of the tube can be controlled manually by an operator or triggered automatically in response to a trigger signal. Preferably, the tube rotation step is carried out using a displacement device configured to drive the tube in rotation around the direction of drilling.
De manière non limitative, le dispositif de déplacement peut être également configuré pour déplacer le tube en translation, notamment selon la direction de forage. Ceci permet d'introduire facilement le tube dans le forage et d'ajuster aisément la première profondeur déterminée à laquelle s'étend le tube dans le forage, tout en mettant ledit tube en rotation. Without limitation, the movement device can also be configured to move the tube in translation, in particular according to the direction of drilling. This makes it easy to introduce the tube into the borehole and to easily adjust the first determined depth to which the tube extends in the borehole, while rotating said tube.
Le dispositif de déplacement est disposé avantageusement hors du forage et coopère avec le tube de sorte que l'extrémité proximale du tube s'étend également hors du forage. Le couple appliqué au tube lors de sa mise en rotation peut avantageusement être contrôlé. The displacement device is advantageously disposed outside the borehole and cooperates with the tube so that the proximal end of the tube also extends outside the borehole. The torque applied to the tube during its rotation can advantageously be controlled.
De manière avantageuse, l'extrémité distale du tube porte un organe de coupe, et l'étape de forage du sol est réalisée à l'aide du tube déplacé dans le sol selon la direction de forage jusqu'à la profondeur de forage. Un intérêt est de réaliser le forage et l'introduction du tube dans le forage en une seule étape. On s'affranchit de l'utilisation d'un outil de forage distinct du tube et d'une étape d'introduction du tube ultérieure au forage. Ceci permet de gagner du temps et de réduire le nombre d'outils nécessaires pour la mise en œuvre du procédé de traitement. Avantageusement, le diamètre du tube est sensiblement égal au diamètre du forage, grâce à quoi le tube épouse sensiblement la forme du forage. Un intérêt est de réduire au maximum l'affaissement de la paroi latérale du forage vers l'intérieur du forage. Le risque d'effondrement de la paroi latérale du forage est d'autant plus réduit. Advantageously, the distal end of the tube carries a cutting member, and the soil drilling step is carried out using the tube displaced in the soil in the direction of drilling to the depth of drilling. One advantage is to carry out the drilling and the introduction of the tube into the drilling in a single step. This eliminates the use of a drilling tool separate from the tube and a step of introducing the tube subsequent to drilling. This saves time and reduces the number of tools necessary for the implementation of the treatment process. Advantageously, the diameter of the tube is substantially equal to the diameter of the borehole, whereby the tube substantially matches the shape of the borehole. One advantage is to minimize the sagging of the side wall of the borehole towards the interior of the borehole. The risk of the side wall of the borehole collapsing is further reduced.
Préférentiellement, le procédé comprend les étapes selon lesquelles on fournit un capteur de couple, on mesure le couple résistant appliqué au tube à l'aide du capteur de couple, et on détecte une éventuelle présence de déblais en contact avec le tube, grâce au couple résistant mesuré. Preferably, the method comprises the steps according to which a torque sensor is provided, the resistive torque applied to the tube is measured using the torque sensor, and a possible presence of cuttings in contact with the tube is detected, thanks to the torque resistant measured.
La présence de déblais, et notamment de fluide d'injection, au contact du tube induit des frottements s'opposant à la mise en rotation dudit tube. Ceci génère un couple résistant s'opposant à l'entrainement du tube en rotation. Aussi, en détectant la présence d'un tel couple résistant, ou d'un couple résistant supérieur à un seuil prédéterminé, appliqué au tube, à l'aide du capteur de couple, on peut déduire la présence de déblais perturbant la rotation du tube. The presence of cuttings, and in particular of injection fluid, in contact with the tube induces friction opposing the rotation of said tube. This generates a resistant torque opposing the drive of the rotating tube. Also, by detecting the presence of such a resisting torque, or of a resisting torque greater than a predetermined threshold, applied to the tube, using the torque sensor, it is possible to deduce the presence of cuttings disturbing the rotation of the tube .
Un intérêt et de pouvoir déclencher la mise en rotation du tube uniquement en présence de déblais au contact dudit tube. Ceci permet de réduire l'usure du tube ainsi que les coûts en carburant nécessaires à sa mise en rotation. An interest and to be able to trigger the rotation of the tube only in the presence of cuttings in contact with said tube. This makes it possible to reduce the wear of the tube as well as the fuel costs necessary for its rotation.
De préférence, ledit au moins un premier élément d'obturation présente une position rétractée dans laquelle il peut être déplacé dans le forage et une position déployée dans laquelle il coopère avec la paroi latérale du forage pour obturer le forage afin de définir ladite zone d'injection. Un intérêt est de pouvoir introduire facilement l'élément d'obturation dans le forage. Il est préférentiellement introduit dans le forage en position rétractée, déplacé jusqu'à la deuxième profondeur prédéterminée puis placé en position déployée. Preferably, said at least one first obturation element has a retracted position in which it can be moved in the borehole and a deployed position in which it cooperates with the side wall of the borehole to block the borehole in order to define said zone of injection. One advantage is to be able to easily introduce the closure element into the borehole. It is preferably introduced into the drilling in the retracted position, moved to the second predetermined depth and then placed in the deployed position.
Un autre intérêt est de pouvoir ajuster la position du premier élément d'obturation à tout moment, par exemple lorsqu'il est nécessaire de traiter successivement différentes portions de sols à différentes profondeurs. Dans ce cas, le premier élément d'obturation est placé en position rétractée, déplacé, puis de nouveau placé en position déployée. Ceci permet également d'ajuster les dimensions de la zone d'injection. Another advantage is to be able to adjust the position of the first closure element at any time, for example when it is necessary to successively treat different portions of soil at different depths. In this case, the first closure element is placed in the retracted position, moved, then again placed in the deployed position. This also makes it possible to adjust the dimensions of the injection zone.
Avantageusement, ledit au moins un premier élément d'obturation est gonflable. En position rétractée, l'élément d'obturation est dégonflé tandis qu'il est gonflé lorsqu'il est placé en position déployée. Un intérêt est de pouvoir placer facilement et rapidement le premier élément d'obturation en position rétractée ou en position déployée. Un autre intérêt est que le premier élément d'obturation épouse plus efficacement la paroi latérale du forage une fois gonflé, ce qui réduit le risque de fuite et donc d'infiltration de fluide d'injection entre ladite paroi latérale du forage et ledit premier élément d'obturation. Advantageously, said at least one first closure element is inflatable. In the retracted position, the closure element is deflated while it is inflated when it is placed in the deployed position. An advantage is to be able to easily and quickly place the first filling element in the retracted position or in the deployed position. Another advantage is that the first obturation element more effectively hugs the side wall of the borehole once inflated, which reduces the risk of leakage and therefore of infiltration of injection fluid between said side wall of the borehole and said first element. shutter.
De manière non limitative, l'élément d'obturation peut être relié à un organe de gonflage disposé hors du forage, permettant de le gonfler ou le dégonfler depuis l'extérieur du forage. Without limitation, the closure element can be connected to an inflation member disposed outside the borehole, making it possible to inflate or deflate it from outside the borehole.
Préférentiellement, l'introduction dudit au moins un premier élément d'obturation dans le forage comprend l'introduction dudit premier élément d'obturation, en position rétractée, dans le tube et le déplacement dudit premier élément d'obturation le long du tube jusqu'à la deuxième profondeur prédéterminée. Le tube est donc mis en place dans le forage avant d'introduire et de positionner le premier élément d'obturation. Un intérêt est de réduire le risque que ledit premier élément d'obturation ne soit endommagé à cause d'un effondrement de la paroi latérale du forage. En outre, le tube permet de guider le déplacement du premier élément d'obturation dans le forage. Les dimensions transversales du premier élément d'obturation en position rétractée sont inférieures au diamètre du tube. Preferably, the introduction of said at least one first obturation element into the borehole comprises the introduction of said first obturation element, in the retracted position, into the tube and the displacement of said first obturation element along the tube until at the second predetermined depth. The tube is therefore placed in the borehole before introducing and positioning the first obturation element. An advantage is to reduce the risk that said first obturation element is damaged due to a collapse of the side wall of the borehole. In addition, the tube makes it possible to guide the movement of the first closure element in the borehole. The transverse dimensions of the first closure element in the retracted position are less than the diameter of the tube.
De manière avantageuse, l'injection du fluide d'injection est réalisée à l'aide d'un dispositif d'injection comprenant un canal d'injection s'étendant à l'intérieur du tube et débouchant dans la zone d'injection. Advantageously, the injection of the injection fluid is carried out using an injection device comprising an injection channel extending inside the tube and opening into the injection zone.
Le canal d'injection est de préférence connecté à une source d'alimentation en fluide d'injection située hors du forage et permet d'amener le fluide d'injection depuis l'extérieur du forage jusque dans la zone d'injection. Le tube permet de protéger le canal d'injection contre l'effondrement de la paroi latérale du forage et réduit les risques d'endommagement dudit canal d'injection. The injection channel is preferably connected to a source of injection fluid supply located outside the borehole and makes it possible to bring the injection fluid from outside the borehole to the injection zone. The tube protects the injection channel against the collapse of the side wall of the borehole and reduces the risk of damage to said injection channel.
De préférence, le dispositif d'injection comprend une buse d'injection disposée à l'extrémité distale du canal d'injection et configurée pour être introduite dans la zone d'injection, à une profondeur voulue. Le dispositif d'injection est de préférence déplacé le long du forage, dans la zone d'injection, afin de traiter une pluralité de portions de sol à des profondeurs différentes. Preferably, the injection device comprises an injection nozzle disposed at the distal end of the injection channel and configured to be introduced into the injection zone, at a desired depth. The injection device is preferably moved along the borehole, in the injection zone, in order to treat a plurality of soil portions at different depths.
Avantageusement, le canal d'injection traverse ledit au moins un premier élément d'obturation, grâce à quoi le fluide d'injection peut être aisément injecté dans la zone d'injection, entre le premier élément d'obturation et le fond du forage. Le premier élément d'obturation s'étend donc radialement autour du canal d'injection. Lorsqu'il est en position déployée, le premier élément d'obturation épouse sensiblement la forme du canal d'injection, de manière à réduire le risque d'infiltration de fluide d'injection entre ledit premier élément d'obturation et ledit canal d'injection. Advantageously, the injection channel passes through said at least one first obturation element, whereby the injection fluid can be easily injected into the injection zone, between the first element shutter and the bottom of the borehole. The first closure element therefore extends radially around the injection channel. When in the deployed position, the first closure member substantially matches the shape of the injection channel, so as to reduce the risk of injection fluid infiltration between said first closure member and said delivery channel. injection.
De préférence, le premier élément d'obturation et le canal d'injection sont introduits simultanément dans le forage. Preferably, the first obturation element and the injection channel are introduced simultaneously into the borehole.
Préférentiellement, le procédé de traitement comprend une étape selon laquelle on introduit un deuxième élément d'obturation dans le forage à une troisième profondeur prédéterminée comprise entre la deuxième profondeur prédéterminée et la profondeur de forage, de sorte qu'il se trouve entre ledit au moins un premier élément d'obturation et le fond du forage, ledit deuxième élément d'obturation étant configuré pour obturer le forage de sorte que la zone d'injection s'étend entre le premier élément d'obturation, le deuxième élément d'obturation et la paroi latérale du forage. Preferably, the treatment method comprises a step according to which a second obturation element is introduced into the borehole at a third predetermined depth comprised between the second predetermined depth and the borehole depth, so that it lies between said at least a first obturation element and the bottom of the borehole, said second obturation element being configured to obturate the drilling so that the injection zone extends between the first obturation element, the second obturation element and the side wall of the borehole.
Le deuxième élément d'obturation empêche l'injection de fluide directement entre le fond du forage et ledit deuxième élément d'obturation. Un intérêt est de délimiter une zone d'injection de hauteur réduite, considérée selon la direction de forage. Ceci permet de traiter une portion de sol réduite et localisée. On évite ainsi de traiter le sol jusqu'au fond du forage, si cela n'est pas nécessaire. The second obturation element prevents the injection of fluid directly between the bottom of the borehole and said second obturation element. One advantage is to delimit an injection area of reduced height, considered according to the direction of drilling. This makes it possible to treat a reduced and localized portion of soil. This avoids treating the soil to the bottom of the borehole, if this is not necessary.
Le deuxième élément d'obturation est de préférence identique au premier élément d'obturation. Il est préférentiellement gonflable et peut être déplacé aisément à l'intérieur du forage. De manière avantageuse, les premier et deuxième éléments d'obturation sont fixes l'un par rapport à l'autre de sorte que la distance les séparant reste constante et qu'ils peuvent être déplacés conjointement. The second closure element is preferably identical to the first closure element. It is preferably inflatable and can be easily moved inside the borehole. Advantageously, the first and second closure elements are fixed relative to each other so that the distance between them remains constant and that they can be moved together.
Selon une variante non limitative, les premier et deuxième éléments d'obturation peuvent être mobiles l'un par rapport à l'autre. Aussi, dans cette variante, la hauteur de la zone d'injection, considérée selon la direction de forage, peut être ajustée en déplaçant les premier et deuxième éléments d'obturation l'un par rapport à l'autre, afin de modifier la distance les séparant. According to a nonlimiting variant, the first and second closure elements can be movable relative to each other. Also, in this variant, the height of the injection zone, considered according to the direction of drilling, can be adjusted by moving the first and second obturation elements relative to each other, in order to modify the distance separating them.
De manière avantageuse, les premier et deuxième éléments d'obturation sont introduits dans le forage en même temps. Ils sont de préférence tous les deux introduits dans le tube en position rétractée, positionnés dans le forage puis placés en position déployée. De préférence, le fluide d'injection est choisi parmi un produit d'étanchéification et une boue durcissable configurée pour consolider le sol. Le produit d'étanchéification est particulièrement adapté lorsqu'il est nécessaire de traiter le sol pour réduire les infiltrations d'eau, par exemple sous un barrage. L'utilisation d'une boue durcissable est particulièrement adaptée pour renforcer le sol, lorsqu'il est destiné à soutenir un bâtiment. Advantageously, the first and second sealing elements are introduced into the borehole at the same time. They are preferably both introduced into the tube in the retracted position, positioned in the borehole and then placed in the deployed position. Preferably, the injection fluid is chosen from a sealing product and a hardenable mud configured to consolidate the soil. The waterproofing product is particularly suitable when it is necessary to treat the soil to reduce water infiltration, for example under a dam. The use of curable mud is particularly suitable for strengthening the soil, when it is intended to support a building.
En variante, le fluide d'injection peut être un coulis ou un béton. Alternatively, the injection fluid can be a grout or concrete.
Le fluide d'injection est de préférence un fluide apte à s'infiltrer et percoler dans un sol poreux, afin de s'y propager pour traiter une portion de sol étendue autour du forage. The injection fluid is preferably a fluid capable of infiltrating and percolating into porous soil, in order to propagate therein to treat a portion of soil extended around the borehole.
Avantageusement, l'étape de nettoyage de la surface extérieure du tube comprend l'injection d'un fluide de lavage autour du tube. Un intérêt est d'éliminer efficacement les déblais s'étant infiltrés entre le tube de forage et la paroi latérale du forage. Le fluide de lavage emporte les déblais situés entre le tube et la paroi latérale du forage et nettoie efficacement la surface extérieure du tube. Le risque que le tube reste coincé dans le forage est d'autant plus réduit. Advantageously, the step of cleaning the external surface of the tube comprises injecting a washing fluid around the tube. One advantage is to effectively remove the cuttings which have infiltrated between the drill pipe and the side wall of the borehole. The washing fluid carries away the cuttings located between the tube and the side wall of the borehole and effectively cleans the outside surface of the tube. The risk that the tube gets stuck in the drilling is all the more reduced.
Le fluide de lavage est avantageusement projeté de manière homogène sur toute la surface extérieure du tube. L'injection du fluide de lavage peut être déclenchée dès l'injection du fluide d'injection ou de manière différée. The washing fluid is advantageously sprayed homogeneously over the entire outer surface of the tube. The injection of the washing fluid can be initiated as soon as the injection fluid is injected or in a delayed manner.
Sans sortir du cadre de l'invention, l'étape de nettoyage de la surface extérieure du tube peut comprendre uniquement la mise en rotation du tube, uniquement l'injection du fluide de lavage ou la mise en rotation du tube simultanément à l'injection du fluide de lavage. Without departing from the scope of the invention, the step of cleaning the external surface of the tube may comprise only the rotation of the tube, only the injection of the washing fluid or the rotation of the tube simultaneously with the injection washing fluid.
Préférentiellement, Le fluide de lavage est injecté si une présence de déblais en contact avec le tube est détectée à l'aide du capteur de couple. Un intérêt est de ne pas injecter le fluide de lavage inutilement, en absence de déblais en contact avec le tube. Ceci réduit la quantité de fluide de lavage nécessaire et donc les coûts associés au nettoyage du tube. Preferably, the washing fluid is injected if the presence of cuttings in contact with the tube is detected using the torque sensor. It is advantageous not to inject the washing fluid unnecessarily, in the absence of cuttings in contact with the tube. This reduces the amount of washing fluid required and therefore the costs associated with cleaning the tubing.
De manière non limitative, l'injection du fluide de lavage peut être déclenchée lorsque la quantité de déblais détectée au contact du tube est supérieure à un seuil prédéterminé. In a nonlimiting manner, the injection of the washing fluid can be triggered when the quantity of cuttings detected in contact with the tube is greater than a predetermined threshold.
De manière avantageuse, le fluide de lavage est injecté par l'extrémité distale du tube vers le fond du forage. Le tube est utilisé comme une conduite, de sorte que le fluide est introduit dans le tube depuis son extrémité proximale, puis amené jusqu'à l'extrémité distale du tube et enfin injecté dans le forage par son extrémité distale. Le fluide de lavage remplit alors une partie supérieure du forage située au-dessus du premier élément d'obturation et s'infiltre entre la surface extérieure du tube et la paroi latérale du forage. Les déblais présents dans cette partie supérieure du forage se mélangent alors au fluide de lavage et sont entraînés vers l'extrémité supérieure du forage. Le fluide de lavage chasse ensuite les déblais hors du forage. Cette étape permet d'évacuer les déblais et de nettoyer efficacement la surface extérieure du tube. Advantageously, the washing fluid is injected through the distal end of the tube towards the bottom of the borehole. The tube is used as a pipe, so that the fluid is introduced into the tube from its proximal end, then brought to the distal end of the tube and finally injected into the borehole through its distal end. Washing fluid fills then an upper part of the borehole situated above the first obturation element and infiltrates between the external surface of the tube and the side wall of the borehole. The cuttings present in this upper part of the borehole then mix with the washing fluid and are entrained towards the upper end of the borehole. The washing fluid then drives the cuttings out of the borehole. This step allows you to remove the cuttings and effectively clean the outside surface of the tube.
De préférence, l'étape d'injection d'un fluide de lavage est réalisée à l'aide d'une tête d'injection configurée pour injecter le fluide de lavage dans le tube, la tête d'injection comprenant une partie fixe et une partie pivotante, la partie pivotante étant configurée pour coopérer avec le tube. La tête d'injection est de préférence configurée pour être connectée à une source d'alimentation en fluide de lavage. Preferably, the step of injecting a washing fluid is carried out using an injection head configured to inject the washing fluid into the tube, the injection head comprising a fixed part and a pivoting part, the pivoting part being configured to cooperate with the tube. The injection head is preferably configured to be connected to a source of washing fluid supply.
La tête d'injection peut avantageusement être montée de manière amovible à l'extrémité proximale du tube, de sorte que la partie pivotante coopère avec ladite extrémité proximale du tube. La partie fixe peut être solidaire d'un dispositif de déplacement du tube. The injection head can advantageously be removably mounted at the proximal end of the tube, so that the pivoting part cooperates with said proximal end of the tube. The fixed part may be integral with a device for moving the tube.
La tête d'injection comprend avantageusement un trou traversant les parties fixe et pivotante selon la direction de forage. Le trou traverse donc la tête d'injection, de préférence de part en part. Ledit trou est configuré pour recevoir un canal d'injection. En outre, le premier élément d'obturation peut avantageusement être introduit par ledit trou traversant et guidé jusque dans le forage via la tête d'injection puis le tube. The injection head advantageously comprises a hole passing through the fixed and pivoting parts in the direction of drilling. The hole therefore passes through the injection head, preferably right through. Said hole is configured to receive an injection channel. In addition, the first closure element can advantageously be introduced through said through hole and guided into the borehole via the injection head and then the tube.
La tête d'injection comprend avantageusement une paroi latérale dans laquelle est ménagé un orifice. Ledit orifice traverse la partie fixe et la partie pivotante et débouche dans le trou traversant. Ledit orifice est configuré pour être connecté à une source d'alimentation en fluide de lavage. Aussi, le fluide est injecté dans le trou traversant la tête d'injection, via l'orifice ménagé dans sa paroi latérale. Le fluide de lavage est alors guidé dans le tube. Le fluide de lavage s'écoule avantageusement entre le tube et le canal d'injection. The injection head advantageously comprises a side wall in which an orifice is formed. Said orifice passes through the fixed part and the pivoting part and opens into the through hole. The orifice is configured to be connected to a source of washing fluid supply. Also, the fluid is injected into the hole passing through the injection head, via the orifice provided in its side wall. The washing fluid is then guided into the tube. The washing fluid advantageously flows between the tube and the injection channel.
L'invention porte également sur un dispositif de traitement d'un sol dans lequel est réalisé un forage ayant un fond, une paroi latérale, une profondeur de forage et s'étendant selon une direction de forage, le dispositif de traitement comprenant : un tube ayant une extrémité distale, ledit tube étant configuré pour être positionné dans le forage à une première profondeur prédéterminée inférieure à la profondeur de forage ; au moins un premier élément d'obturation configuré pour être introduit dans le forage à une deuxième profondeur prédéterminée comprise entre la première profondeur prédéterminée et la profondeur de forage, ledit au moins un premier élément d'obturation étant configuré pour obturer le forage afin de définir une zone d'injection située entre ledit au moins un premier élément d'obturation, le fond du forage et la paroi latérale du forage ; The invention also relates to a device for treating a soil in which a drilling is carried out having a bottom, a side wall, a drilling depth and extending in a drilling direction, the treatment device comprising: a tube having a distal end, said tube being configured to be positioned in the borehole at a first predetermined depth less than the borehole depth; at least one first obturation element configured to be introduced into the drilling at a second predetermined depth between the first predetermined depth and the drilling depth, said at least one first obturation element being configured to obturate the drilling in order to define an injection zone located between said at least one first obturation element, the bottom of the borehole and the side wall of the borehole;
un dispositif d'injection configuré pour injecter un fluide d'injection dans le forage ; et un dispositif d'évacuation des déblais configuré pour évacuer les déblais situés entre le tube et la paroi latérale du forage lors de l'injection du fluide d'injection dans le forage. an injection device configured to inject injection fluid into the borehole; and a cuttings evacuation device configured to evacuate the cuttings located between the tube and the side wall of the borehole during the injection of the injection fluid into the borehole.
De préférence, le dispositif d'évacuation des déblais comprend un dispositif de déplacement configuré pour mettre en rotation le tube autour de la direction de forage. Preferably, the cuttings evacuation device comprises a displacement device configured to rotate the tube around the direction of drilling.
Avantageusement, le dispositif d'évacuation des déblais comprend une tête d'injection pour injecter un fluide de lavage autour du tube. Advantageously, the cuttings evacuation device comprises an injection head for injecting a washing fluid around the tube.
Brève description des dessins Brief description of the drawings
L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui suit de modes de réalisation de l'invention donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, en référence aux dessins annexés, sur lesquels : The invention will be better understood on reading the following description of embodiments of the invention given by way of nonlimiting examples, with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
[Fig. l]La figure 1 illustre une première étape d'un procédé de traitement d'un sol conforme à l'invention; [Fig. l] Figure 1 illustrates a first step in a soil treatment method according to the invention;
[Fig. 2]La figure 2 illustre une deuxième étape du procédé de traitement d'un sol conforme à l'invention; [Fig. 2] Figure 2 illustrates a second step in the soil treatment process according to the invention;
[Fig. 3]La figure 3 illustre une troisième étape du procédé de traitement d'un sol conforme à l'invention; [Fig. 3] FIG. 3 illustrates a third step in the process for treating a soil in accordance with the invention;
[Fig. 4]La figure 4 illustre une quatrième étape du procédé de traitement d'un sol conforme à l'invention; [Fig. 4] Figure 4 illustrates a fourth step in the method of treating a soil according to the invention;
[Fig. 5]la figure 5 illustre une cinquième étape du procédé de traitement d'un sol conforme à l'invention; [Fig. 5] FIG. 5 illustrates a fifth step of the process for treating a soil in accordance with the invention;
[Fig. 6]La figure 6 illustre une sixième étape du procédé de traitement d'un sol conforme à l'invention; [Fig. 6] Figure 6 illustrates a sixth step of the soil treatment method according to the invention;
[Fig. 7]La figure 7 illustre une septième étape du procédé de traitement d'un sol conforme à l'invention; [Fig. 7] Figure 7 illustrates a seventh step of the soil treatment process according to the invention;
[Fig. 8]La figure 8 illustre une huitième étape du procédé de traitement d'un sol conforme à l'invention; [Fig. 9]La figure 9 illustre une neuvième étape du procédé de traitement d'un sol conforme à l'invention; [Fig. 8] Figure 8 illustrates an eighth step of the soil treatment process according to the invention; [Fig. 9] FIG. 9 illustrates a ninth step of the process for treating a soil in accordance with the invention;
[Fig. 10]La figure 10 illustre une variante de la neuvième étape du procédé de traitement d'un sol de la figure 9; [Fig. 10] Figure 10 illustrates a variant of the ninth step of the soil treatment process of Figure 9;
[Fig. ll]La figure 11 illustre le sol traité suite à l'étape illustrée en figure 10; [Fig. ll] Figure 11 illustrates the soil treated following the step illustrated in Figure 10;
[Fig. 12]La figure 12 illustre une tête d'injection d'un dispositif de traitement selon l'invention ; et [Fig. 12] FIG. 12 illustrates an injection head of a treatment device according to the invention; and
[Fig. 13]La figure 13 illustre une vue en coupe de la tête d'injection de la figure 12. [Fig. 13] Figure 13 illustrates a sectional view of the injection head of Figure 12.
Description des modes de réalisation Description of the embodiments
L'invention porte sur un procédé de traitement d'un sol. Ce procédé permet de modifier les propriétés physiques d'une portion de sol à traiter, par injection d'un fluide d'injection. The invention relates to a method for treating a soil. This process makes it possible to modify the physical properties of a portion of soil to be treated, by injection of an injection fluid.
A l'aide des figures 1 à 9, on va décrire un premier mode de réalisation du procédé, conforme à la présente invention, de traitement d'une première portion ZI d'un sol S et d'une seconde portion Z2 dudit sol. Dans cet exemple, le sol S comprend notamment une première partie instable SI et une seconde partie instable S2 s'étendant au-dessus de la première partie instable SI. With the aid of FIGS. 1 to 9, a first embodiment of the method, in accordance with the present invention, will be described, for treating a first portion ZI of a soil S and a second portion Z2 of said soil. In this example, the ground S comprises in particular a first unstable part SI and a second unstable part S2 extending above the first unstable part SI.
Conformément au procédé selon l'invention, on fournit un tube 10 creux et cylindrique, ayant une extrémité proximale 10a et une extrémité distale 10b, opposée à l'extrémité distale 10a. Dans cet exemple, l'extrémité distale 10b correspond à l'extrémité inférieure du tube et l'extrémité proximale 10a correspond à l'extrémité supérieure du tube 10. Le tube 10 comprend en son extrémité distale 10b une pluralité de dents de découpe 12 formant un organe de coupe pour découper le sol S. According to the method according to the invention, a hollow and cylindrical tube 10 is provided, having a proximal end 10a and a distal end 10b, opposite the distal end 10a. In this example, the distal end 10b corresponds to the lower end of the tube and the proximal end 10a corresponds to the upper end of the tube 10. The tube 10 comprises at its distal end 10b a plurality of cutting teeth 12 forming a cutting member for cutting the ground S.
De manière non limitative, on fournit également une machine de forage 14 munie d'un mât 16 et d'un dispositif de déplacement 18. Dans cet exemple non limitatif, le dispositif de déplacement 18 est monté coulissant le long du mât 16. Le tube 10 coopère avec le dispositif de déplacement 18 de sorte que ledit dispositif de déplacement 18 est configuré pour entraîner ledit tube 10 en rotation. In a nonlimiting manner, there is also provided a drilling machine 14 provided with a mast 16 and a displacement device 18. In this nonlimiting example, the displacement device 18 is slidably mounted along the mast 16. The tube 10 cooperates with the displacement device 18 so that said displacement device 18 is configured to drive said tube 10 in rotation.
La vitesse de rotation du tube 10 peut avantageusement être contrôlée et ajustée. Par ailleurs, le dispositif de déplacement 18 comprend également un capteur de couple 19, permettant de mesurer un couple résistant appliqué au tube 10, s'opposant à sa mise en rotation. Dans cet exemple non limitatif, le procédé comprend une première étape de réalisation d'un forage à l'aide du tube 10. Comme illustré en figure 1, le dispositif de déplacement 18 est translaté le long du mât 16, vers le bas, de manière à déplacer le tube 10 sensiblement verticalement vers le bas. En parallèle, le dispositif de déplacement 18 entraîne le tube 10 en rotation, afin de découper le sol à l'aide des dents de découpe 12, de manière à réaliser ledit forage F. En variante, il pourrait être envisagé de faire vibrer le tube 10 afin de découper le sol S. Le tube constitue donc un tube de forage. The speed of rotation of the tube 10 can advantageously be controlled and adjusted. Furthermore, the displacement device 18 also comprises a torque sensor 19, making it possible to measure a resistive torque applied to the tube 10, opposing its rotation. In this nonlimiting example, the method comprises a first step of making a borehole using the tube 10. As illustrated in FIG. 1, the displacement device 18 is translated along the mast 16, downwards, from so as to move the tube 10 substantially vertically downwards. In parallel, the displacement device 18 drives the tube 10 in rotation, in order to cut the ground using the cutting teeth 12, so as to carry out said drilling F. As a variant, it could be envisaged to vibrate the tube 10 in order to cut the soil S. The tube therefore constitutes a drilling tube.
Sans sortir du cadre de l'invention, le forage F pourrait être réalisé au moyen d'un outil de forage indépendant du tube. Without departing from the scope of the invention, drilling F could be carried out by means of a drilling tool independent of the tube.
Le forage F est réalisé de manière à traverser au moins partiellement les portions de sol Z1,Z2 à traiter. Comme on le constate sur la figure 2, le forage comprend un fond Fa et une paroi latérale Fb. En outre, ledit forage F s'étend selon une direction de forage Y et jusqu'à une profondeur de forage Pf. The drilling F is carried out so as to cross at least partially the portions of soil Z1, Z2 to be treated. As can be seen in FIG. 2, the borehole comprises a bottom Fa and a side wall Fb. In addition, said borehole F extends in a direction of drilling Y and to a drilling depth Pf.
Dans cet exemple, le forage traverse également les première et seconde parties de sol instables S1,S2. In this example, the borehole also crosses the first and second parts of unstable soil S1, S2.
Lorsque le tube 10 a atteint la profondeur de forage Pf souhaitée illustrée en figure 1, on réalise une deuxième étape selon laquelle le dispositif de déplacement 18 est translaté le long du mât 16, vers le haut. Le tube 10, coopérant avec le dispositif de déplacement 18, est donc également déplacé vers le haut et remonte le long du forage F. Le tube est alors positionné dans le forage à une première profondeur prédéterminée PI. Plus précisément, le tube est positionné de sorte que son extrémité distale 10b s'étende à ladite première profondeur prédéterminée PI. When the tube 10 has reached the desired drilling depth Pf illustrated in FIG. 1, a second step is carried out according to which the displacement device 18 is translated along the mast 16, upwards. The tube 10, cooperating with the displacement device 18, is therefore also moved upward and back up along the borehole F. The tube is then positioned in the borehole at a first predetermined depth PI. More specifically, the tube is positioned so that its distal end 10b extends to said first predetermined depth PI.
Ladite profondeur prédéterminée PI est inférieure à la profondeur de forage Pf et inférieure à la profondeur à laquelle s'étend la première portion de sol ZI à traiter. Aussi, le tube s'étend au-dessus de la portion de sol à traiter et en regard des première et seconde parties de sol instable S1,S2, susceptibles de s'effondrer. Le tube 10 s'étend dans le forage F, selon la direction de forage Y. Said predetermined depth PI is less than the drilling depth Pf and less than the depth to which the first portion of soil ZI to be treated extends. Also, the tube extends above the portion of soil to be treated and facing the first and second portions of unstable soil S1, S2, liable to collapse. The tube 10 extends in the borehole F, along the direction of borehole Y.
Le tube permet alors de maintenir la paroi latérale Fb du forage sur une hauteur égale à la première profondeur prédéterminée PI, et donc notamment au niveau des première et seconde parties de sol instable S1,S2, afin d'empêcher ladite paroi latérale Fb de s'effondrer. En outre, on constate que le diamètre du tube 10 est très légèrement inférieur au diamètre du forage F de sorte qu'il épouse sensiblement la paroi latérale Fb du forage F. Un intérêt est d'empêcher d'autant plus efficacement l'effondrement de la paroi latérale du forage vers l'intérieur dudit forage F. The tube then makes it possible to maintain the side wall Fb of the borehole at a height equal to the first predetermined depth PI, and therefore in particular at the level of the first and second parts of unstable soil S1, S2, in order to prevent said side wall Fb from s 'collapse. In addition, it can be seen that the diameter of the tube 10 is very slightly less than the diameter of the borehole F so that it substantially matches the side wall Fb of the borehole F. One advantage is to prevent all the more effectively the collapse of the side wall of the borehole towards the interior of said borehole F.
Le tube 10 est muni en son extrémité proximale 10a d'une tête d'injection 20. Un exemple de tête d'injection 20 est illustré en figures 12 et 13. Elle est de préférence montée de manière amovible à l'extrémité proximale 10a du tube. The tube 10 is provided at its proximal end 10a with an injection head 20. An example of an injection head 20 is illustrated in FIGS. 12 and 13. It is preferably removably mounted at the proximal end 10a of the tube.
La tête d'injection 20 comprend une partie fixe 22 solidaire du dispositif de déplacement 18, par l'intermédiaire d'une tige 23. La tête d'injection 20 comprend en outre une partie pivotante 24 configurée pour pivoter par rapport à la partie fixe 22. Par ailleurs, la tête d'injection 20 comprend un trou 26 traversant les parties fixe 22 et pivotante 24 et traversant donc la tête d'injection, de haut en bas selon un axe. Ledit axe est confondu avec la direction de forage Y lorsque le tube 10 s'étend dans ledit forage. Les parties fixe 22 et pivotante 24 présentent une forme sensiblement cylindrique. La partie pivotante 24 coopère avec l'extrémité proximale 10a du tube 10, de sorte qu'elle pivote selon la direction de forage Y lorsque le tube est entraîné en rotation. La tête d'injection comprend de plus un orifice 25 traversant les parties fixe 22 et pivotante 24 radialement. L'orifice 25 débouche dans le trou traversant 26. Ledit orifice 25 est configuré pour être connecté à une source d'alimentation en fluide de lavage. La tête d'injection comprend également des joints pivotants 27 disposés entre la partie pivotante 24 et la partie fixe 22. The injection head 20 comprises a fixed part 22 secured to the displacement device 18, by means of a rod 23. The injection head 20 further comprises a pivoting part 24 configured to pivot relative to the fixed part 22. Furthermore, the injection head 20 comprises a hole 26 passing through the fixed 22 and pivoting 24 parts and therefore passing through the injection head, from top to bottom along an axis. Said axis coincides with the drilling direction Y when the tube 10 extends in said drilling. The fixed 22 and pivoting 24 parts have a substantially cylindrical shape. The pivoting part 24 cooperates with the proximal end 10a of the tube 10, so that it pivots in the direction of drilling Y when the tube is rotated. The injection head further comprises an orifice 25 passing through the fixed 22 and pivoting 24 radially. The orifice 25 opens into the through hole 26. Said orifice 25 is configured to be connected to a source of supply of washing fluid. The injection head also comprises pivoting seals 27 arranged between the pivoting part 24 and the fixed part 22.
On introduit ensuite un premier élément d'obturation 30 dans le forage, comme on peut le voir sur la figure 3. Dans cet exemple non limitatif, le premier élément d'obturation 30 est gonflable et présente une position rétractée dans laquelle il est dégonflé, et une position déployée dans laquelle il est gonflé. Il est en outre monté sur un canal d'injection 32, de sorte que ledit canal d'injection 32 traverse le premier élément d'obturation 30. Le premier élément d'obturation 30 est en outre relié à un organe de gonflage disposé hors du forage via une conduite de gonflage. Pour des raisons de lisibilité, ledit organe de gonflage et ladite conduite ne sont pas représentés. A first obturation element 30 is then introduced into the borehole, as can be seen in FIG. 3. In this nonlimiting example, the first obturation element 30 is inflatable and has a retracted position in which it is deflated, and a deployed position in which it is inflated. It is further mounted on an injection channel 32, so that said injection channel 32 passes through the first shutter member 30. The first shutter member 30 is further connected to an inflation member disposed outside the drilling via an inflation line. For reasons of readability, said inflation member and said pipe are not shown.
Le premier élément d'obturation 30 est initialement placé en position rétractée, autour du canal d'injection 32. Ledit canal d'injection et ledit premier élément d'obturation en position rétractée sont alors introduits conjointement dans le tube 10, via le trou 24 traversant la tête d'injection 20, et translatés vers le fond Fa du forage F. Ils sont déplacés jusqu'à ce que le premier élément d'obturation 30 sorte du tube par son extrémité distale 10b. Le premier élément d'obturation est amené à une deuxième profondeur prédéterminée P2, comprise entre la première profondeur prédéterminée PI et la profondeur de forage Pf. Le premier élément d'obturation 30 s'étend alors entre le tube 10 et le fond du forage Fa. La conduite de gonflage et le canal d'injection 32 s'étendent dans le tube 10 et dans le trou 26 traversant de la tête d'injection 20 et débouchent hors de ladite tête d'injection par son extrémité supérieure. The first obturation element 30 is initially placed in the retracted position, around the injection channel 32. Said injection channel and said first obturation element in the retracted position are then introduced jointly into the tube 10, via the hole 24 passing through the injection head 20, and translated towards the bottom Fa of the borehole F. They are moved until the first obturation element 30 comes out of the tube by its distal end 10b. The first obturation element is brought to a second depth predetermined P2, comprised between the first predetermined depth PI and the drilling depth Pf. The first obturation element 30 then extends between the tube 10 and the bottom of the drilling Fa. The inflation line and the injection channel 32 extend into the tube 10 and into the hole 26 passing through the injection head 20 and open out of said injection head through its upper end.
On injecte alors de l'air dans le premier élément d'obturation 30, via la conduite, grâce à l'organe de gonflage. Le premier élément d'obturation est alors gonflé et placé en position déployée, illustrée en figure 4. Il peut donc être déployé depuis l'extérieur du forage. Air is then injected into the first obturation element 30, via the pipe, by means of the inflation member. The first obturation element is then inflated and placed in the deployed position, illustrated in FIG. 4. It can therefore be deployed from outside the borehole.
En position déployée, le premier élément d'obturation 30 épouse la paroi latérale Fb du forage F de sorte qu'il forme un bouchon entre les parties de forage disposées au-dessus et en dessous dudit premier élément d'obturation 30. Le premier élément d'obturation définit alors une zone d'injection 34 située entre ledit premier élément d'obturation 30, le fond Fa du forage F et la paroi latérale Fb du forage. La zone d'injection 34 est disposée en regard de la première portion de sol à traiter Zl. In the deployed position, the first obturation element 30 marries the side wall Fb of the borehole F so that it forms a plug between the drilling parts arranged above and below said first obturation element 30. The first element shutter then defines an injection zone 34 located between said first shutter member 30, the bottom Fa of the borehole F and the side wall Fb of the borehole. The injection zone 34 is arranged opposite the first portion of soil to be treated Zl.
Le canal d'injection 32 est de préférence connecté à une source d'alimentation en fluide d'injection. Comme on le constate sur la figure 4, le canal d'injection 32 traverse la tête d'injection 20 et s'étend également à l'intérieur du tube 10. Il comprend une extrémité proximale 32a faisant saillie depuis l'extrémité proximale 10a du tube et depuis l'extrémité supérieure de la tête d'injection 20. L'extrémité proximale 32a du canal d'injection 32 est reliée à la source d'alimentation en fluide d'injection. Le canal d'injection 32 comprend également une extrémité distale 32b s'étendant alors dans la zone d'injection 34, en dessous du premier élément d'obturation 30. L'extrémité distale du canal d'injection 32 est munie d'une buse d'injection 36 configurée pour projeter un fluide d'injection. Le canal d'injection 32 et la buse d'injection 36 font partie d'un dispositif d'injection. The injection channel 32 is preferably connected to a source of injection fluid supply. As can be seen in FIG. 4, the injection channel 32 passes through the injection head 20 and also extends inside the tube 10. It comprises a proximal end 32a projecting from the proximal end 10a of the tube and from the upper end of the injection head 20. The proximal end 32a of the injection channel 32 is connected to the source of injection fluid supply. The injection channel 32 also comprises a distal end 32b then extending into the injection zone 34, below the first closure element 30. The distal end of the injection channel 32 is provided with a nozzle injection 36 configured to project an injection fluid. The injection channel 32 and the injection nozzle 36 are part of an injection device.
On procède alors à l'injection du fluide d'injection, illustrée en figure 5. Le fluide d'injection peut consister en un produit d'étanchéification s'il est nécessaire d'étanchéifier le sol ou en une boue durcissable s'il convient de consolider le sol. Il peut également s'agir d'un coulis. The injection fluid is then injected, illustrated in FIG. 5. The injection fluid can consist of a sealant if it is necessary to seal the ground or a curable mud if appropriate to consolidate the soil. It can also be a grout.
Le fluide d'injection est introduit dans le canal d'injection 32, à l'extrémité proximale 32a dudit canal d'injection et se propage dans ledit canal d'injection depuis son extrémité proximale jusqu'à son extrémité distale 32b. Il est alors injecté dans la zone d'injection 34 grâce à la buse d'injection 36 qui permet de le projeter sensiblement radialement vers la paroi latérale Fb du forage F. Le fluide d'injection injecté est représenté par les flèches en traits pleins. Le fluide d'injection s'infiltre alors dans le sol S et se propage dans la première portion de sol ZI à traiter. On réalise ainsi le traitement du sol. The injection fluid is introduced into the injection channel 32, at the proximal end 32a of said injection channel and propagates in said injection channel from its proximal end to its distal end 32b. It is then injected into the injection zone 34 by means of the injection nozzle 36 which makes it possible to project it substantially radially towards the side wall Fb of the borehole F. The injection fluid injected is represented by the arrows in solid lines. The injection fluid then infiltrates the soil S and propagates in the first portion of soil ZI to be treated. The soil is thus treated.
Le premier élément d'obturation 30 permet d'éviter une projection directe du fluide d'injection vers le tube 10. Comme on le constate sur la figure 5, le fluide d'injection est toutefois susceptible de contourner le premier élément d'obturation et de s'accumuler entre ledit premier élément d'obturation 30 et le tube 10 ou encore de s'infiltrer entre le tube 10 et la paroi latérale Fb du forage. En particulier, le fluide d'injection éventuellement mélangé à des particules de sol, forme des déblais risquant de s'infiltrer entre la paroi latérale du forage et une surface extérieure 11 du tube. Ceci n'est pas souhaitable dans la mesure où ces déblais risquent de perturber le déplacement du tube 10 ou même de bloquer le tube dans le forage. The first obturation element 30 makes it possible to avoid direct projection of the injection fluid towards the tube 10. As can be seen in FIG. 5, the injection fluid is however capable of bypassing the first obturation element and to accumulate between said first closure element 30 and the tube 10 or to infiltrate between the tube 10 and the side wall Fb of the borehole. In particular, the injection fluid, possibly mixed with soil particles, forms cuttings liable to infiltrate between the side wall of the borehole and an external surface 11 of the tube. This is undesirable since these cuttings may disturb the movement of the tube 10 or even block the tube in the borehole.
Conformément à l'invention, on procède à une étape d'évacuation des déblais situés entre le tube 10 et la paroi latérale Fb du forage, simultanément à l'injection du fluide d'injection dans la zone d'injection 34, de manière à retirer les déblais au contact dudit tube. Plus précisément, on procède à une étape de nettoyage de la surface extérieure 11 du tube. Avantageusement, seule la partie du tube qui est dans le sol est nettoyée. According to the invention, a step of evacuating the cuttings located between the tube 10 and the side wall Fb of the borehole is carried out, simultaneously with the injection of the injection fluid into the injection zone 34, so as to remove the cuttings in contact with said tube. More specifically, a cleaning step is carried out on the outer surface 11 of the tube. Advantageously, only the part of the tube which is in the ground is cleaned.
Dans cet exemple non limitatif, en parallèle de l'injection du fluide d'injection, on mesure le couple résistant appliqué au tube, à l'aide du capteur de couple 19. Lorsque ce couple résistant est supérieur à un seuil prédéterminé, on en déduit la présence de déblais, et notamment de fluide d'injection, au contact du tube 10 et on déclenche alors le nettoyage du tube et l'évacuation des déblais. In this nonlimiting example, in parallel with the injection of the injection fluid, the resistive torque applied to the tube is measured, using the torque sensor 19. When this resistive torque is greater than a predetermined threshold, it is deduces the presence of cuttings, and in particular of injection fluid, in contact with the tube 10 and the cleaning of the tube and the removal of the cuttings are then triggered.
Sans sortir du cadre de l'invention, l'étape d'évacuation des déblais pourrait être déclenchée dès le début de l'injection du fluide d'injection dans la zone d'injection 34. Without departing from the scope of the invention, the step of removing the cuttings could be triggered from the start of the injection of the injection fluid into the injection zone 34.
Afin de nettoyer le tube 10 et d'évacuer les déblais, le tube 10 est mis en rotation, à l'aide du dispositif de déplacement 18, autour d'un axe de rotation sensiblement confondu avec la direction longitudinale Y du forage F. Grâce à cette mise en rotation, le fluide d'injection au contact du tube ne risque pas de sécher et de se solidifier. Le risque que le tube reste coincé dans le sol est donc fortement réduit. En outre, le mouvement de rotation du tube 10 a pour conséquence de déplacer les déblais situés entre ledit tube et la paroi latérale Fb du forage vers l'extrémité proximale 10a du tube. La mise en rotation du tube permet donc de nettoyer efficacement sa surface extérieure 11 et d'évacuer rapidement les déblais. In order to clean the tube 10 and remove the cuttings, the tube 10 is rotated, using the displacement device 18, around an axis of rotation substantially coincident with the longitudinal direction Y of the borehole F. upon this rotation, the injection fluid in contact with the tube is not likely to dry out and solidify. The risk of the tube getting stuck in the ground is therefore greatly reduced. In addition, the rotational movement of the tube 10 has the consequence of moving the cuttings located between said tube and the side wall Fb of the borehole towards the proximal end 10a of the tube. The rotation of the tube therefore makes it possible to effectively clean its outer surface 11 and quickly remove the cuttings.
Sans sortir du cadre de l'invention, la surface extérieure 11 du tube pourrait comprendre au moins une hélice permettant d'acheminer les déblais vers l'extrémité proximale 10a du tube et donc vers l'extérieur du tube, pour en faciliter l'évacuation. Without departing from the scope of the invention, the external surface 11 of the tube could comprise at least one propeller making it possible to convey the cuttings towards the proximal end 10a of the tube and therefore towards the outside of the tube, to facilitate its evacuation .
En parallèle, pour nettoyer la surface extérieure 11 du tube et évacuer les déblais, on réalise également une étape d'injection d'un fluide de lavage autour du tube 10. Le fluide de lavage peut comprendre une solution aqueuse et des agents nettoyants. Pour ce faire, le fluide de lavage est introduit dans le tube, à son extrémité proximale 10a, via l'orifice ménagé dans les parties fixe 22 et pivotante 24 de la tête d'injection 20. La tête d'injection 20 permet donc d'injecter le fluide de lavage dans le tube 10. Le tube est alors utilisé comme une conduite, de sorte que le fluide de lavage s'écoule entre le canal d'injection 32 et le tube 10. Le fluide de lavage est amené jusqu'à l'extrémité distale 10b du tube où il est injecté dans le forage F. Dans la mesure où le tube 10 pivote, la partie pivotante 24 de la tête d'injection 20 est également entraînée en rotation. In parallel, to clean the external surface 11 of the tube and to evacuate the cuttings, there is also carried out a step of injecting a washing fluid around the tube 10. The washing fluid can comprise an aqueous solution and cleaning agents. To do this, the washing fluid is introduced into the tube, at its proximal end 10a, via the orifice formed in the fixed 22 and pivoting 24 parts of the injection head 20. The injection head 20 therefore makes it possible to inject the washing fluid into the tube 10. The tube is then used as a pipe, so that the washing fluid flows between the injection channel 32 and the tube 10. The washing fluid is brought up to at the distal end 10b of the tube where it is injected into the borehole F. Insofar as the tube 10 pivots, the pivoting part 24 of the injection head 20 is also rotated.
Le fluide de lavage remplit alors progressivement la partie supérieure du forage située au-dessus du premier élément d'obturation et s'infiltre entre la surface extérieure 11 du tube 10 et la paroi latérale Fb du forage. Les déblais, comprenant le fluide d'injection, présents dans cette partie supérieure du forage se mélangent alors au fluide de lavage, de sorte que le fluide de lavage entraîne les déblais vers l'extrémité supérieure du forage et les chasse hors du forage. Cette étape permet d'évacuer les déblais et de nettoyer plus efficacement la surface extérieure 11 du tube 10. The washing fluid then gradually fills the upper part of the borehole situated above the first closure element and infiltrates between the external surface 11 of the tube 10 and the side wall Fb of the borehole. The cuttings, including the injection fluid, present in this upper part of the borehole then mix with the washing fluid, so that the washing fluid drives the cuttings towards the upper end of the borehole and drives them out of the borehole. This step makes it possible to evacuate the cuttings and to clean more effectively the external surface 11 of the tube 10.
Sur la figure 5, le trajet du fluide de lavage lors de son injection est représenté par des flèches en pointillés. In FIG. 5, the path of the washing fluid during its injection is represented by dotted arrows.
L'action couplée du fluide de lavage et de la mise en rotation du tube permet de détacher d'autant plus efficacement les déblais au contact du tube. La mise en rotation du tube conjointement à l'injection du fluide de lavage permet donc un nettoyage très efficace de la surface extérieure 11 du tube 10, réduisant sensiblement les risques de blocage du tube 10 dans le forage F. La tête d'injection 20 et le dispositif de déplacement 18 forment un dispositif de nettoyage du tube 10 et donc un dispositif d'évacuation des déblais situés entre le tube 10 et la paroi latérale Fb du forage F. The coupled action of the washing fluid and the rotation of the tube makes it possible to detach the cuttings all the more effectively in contact with the tube. The rotation of the tube in conjunction with the injection of the washing fluid therefore allows very effective cleaning of the external surface 11 of the tube 10, substantially reducing the risks of blockage of the tube 10 in the bore F. The injection head 20 and the displacement device 18 form a device for cleaning the tube 10 and therefore a device for removing the cuttings situated between the tube 10 and the side wall Fb of the borehole F.
Sur la figure 6, on constate que le fluide d'injection s'est propagé dans la première portion de sol Zl, depuis la zone d'injection, de sorte que cette première portion de sol ZI a été traitée. Les dimensions de la première portion de sol ZI traitée dépendent notamment du temps d'injection et de la quantité de fluide d'injection injectée. In FIG. 6, it can be seen that the injection fluid has propagated in the first portion of soil Z1, from the injection zone, so that this first portion of ZI soil has been treated. The dimensions of the first portion of ZI soil treated depend in particular on the injection time and the quantity of injection fluid injected.
Les figures 7 à 10 illustrent le traitement de la seconde portion de sol Z2 distincte de la première portion de sol ZI traitée. La seconde portion de sol Z2 à traiter s'étend entre la première partie de sol instable SI et la seconde partie de sol instable S2. FIGS. 7 to 10 illustrate the treatment of the second portion of soil Z2 distinct from the first portion of soil ZI treated. The second portion of soil Z2 to be treated extends between the first part of unstable soil SI and the second part of unstable soil S2.
Dans un premier temps, le tube 10 est déplacé vers le haut du forage F et positionné à une première profondeur prédéterminée secondaire PI' inférieure à la première profondeur prédéterminée PI. Le tube 10 est alors situé en regard de la seconde partie de sol instable S2 et permet de maintenir la paroi latérale Fb du forage F au niveau de cette seconde partie de sol instable S2. Firstly, the tube 10 is moved upwards from the borehole F and positioned at a first secondary predetermined depth PI 'less than the first predetermined depth PI. The tube 10 is then located opposite the second part of unstable soil S2 and makes it possible to maintain the side wall Fb of the borehole F at the level of this second part of unstable soil S2.
Comme illustré par le passage de la figure 7 à la figure 8, le premier élément d'obturation 30 est dégonflé et placé en position rétractée. Il est alors déplacé vers le haut du forage F jusqu'en une deuxième profondeur prédéterminée secondaire P2' inférieure à la deuxième profondeur prédéterminée P2. As illustrated by the passage from FIG. 7 to FIG. 8, the first closure element 30 is deflated and placed in the retracted position. It is then moved up the borehole F to a second secondary predetermined depth P2 'less than the second predetermined depth P2.
Comme précédemment, le premier élément d'obturation 30 est gonflé de manière à être placé en position déployée dans laquelle il épouse la paroi latérale Fb du forage. Le premier élément d'obturation définit alors une zone d'injection secondaire 34' située entre le premier élément d'obturation 30, le fond Fa du forage F et la paroi latérale Fb du forage. La zone d'injection secondaire 34' est disposée notamment en regard de la seconde portion de sol Z2 à traiter, comme on peut le voir en figure 9. As before, the first obturation element 30 is inflated so as to be placed in the deployed position in which it marries the side wall Fb of the borehole. The first obturation element then defines a secondary injection zone 34 ′ situated between the first obturation element 30, the bottom Fa of the borehole F and the side wall Fb of the borehole. The secondary injection zone 34 ′ is arranged in particular opposite the second portion of soil Z2 to be treated, as can be seen in FIG. 9.
Le canal d'injection 32 et la buse d'injection 36 sont également remontés dans le forage, en regard de la seconde portion de sol Z2 à traiter. Comme précédemment, le fluide d'injection est injecté dans la zone d'injection secondaire 34' de manière à traiter la seconde portion de sol Z2. En parallèle, le tube est nettoyé et les déblais situés entre le tube 10 et la paroi latérale Fb du forage F sont évacués. Pour ce faire, le tube 10 est mis en rotation à l'aide du dispositif de déplacement 18 et un fluide de lavage est injecté dans le forage F et autour du tube 10 à l'aide de la tête d'injection 20. Là-encore, la circulation du fluide de lavage permet d'éviter que les déblais, comprenant le fluide d'injection, ne bloquent le tube dans le forage. Comme on le constate sur la figure 9, le fluide d'injection s'est infiltré dans le sol S de sorte que la première portion de sol ZI et la seconde portion de sol Z2 sont traitées. The injection channel 32 and the injection nozzle 36 are also raised in the borehole, facing the second portion of soil Z2 to be treated. As before, the injection fluid is injected into the secondary injection zone 34 'so as to treat the second portion of soil Z2. In parallel, the tube is cleaned and the cuttings located between the tube 10 and the side wall Fb of the borehole F are removed. To do this, the tube 10 is rotated using the displacement device 18 and a washing fluid is injected into the borehole F and around the tube 10 using the injection head 20. still, the circulation of the washing fluid makes it possible to prevent the cuttings, comprising the injection fluid, from blocking the tube in the borehole. As can be seen in FIG. 9, the injection fluid has infiltrated into the soil S so that the first portion of soil ZI and the second portion of soil Z2 are treated.
Selon une variante non-limitative, et comme illustré en figure 10, on aurait également pu introduire un deuxième élément d'obturation 31 dans le forage à une troisième profondeur prédéterminée P3 comprise entre la deuxième profondeur prédéterminée secondaire P2' et la profondeur de forage Pf. Le deuxième élément d'obturation 31 se trouve alors entre le premier élément d'obturation 30 et le fond du forage Fa. According to a non-limiting variant, and as illustrated in FIG. 10, it could also have been possible to introduce a second obturation element 31 in the drilling at a third predetermined depth P3 between the second secondary predetermined depth P2 'and the drilling depth Pf The second obturation element 31 is then located between the first obturation element 30 and the bottom of the borehole Fa.
Le deuxième élément d'obturation 31 est similaire au premier élément d'obturation 30 et peut également être placé dans une position déployée. Il permet par conséquent de réduire la zone d'injection secondaire 34', de sorte que ladite zone d'injection secondaire 34' s'étend dès lors entre le premier élément d'obturation 30, le deuxième élément d'obturation 31 et la paroi latérale Fb du forage. Un intérêt est de ne pas projeter le fluide d'injection vers le fond Fa du forage et donc de localiser plus précisément l'injection. The second closure element 31 is similar to the first closure element 30 and can also be placed in a deployed position. It therefore makes it possible to reduce the secondary injection zone 34 ', so that said secondary injection zone 34' therefore extends between the first obturation element 30, the second obturation element 31 and the wall lateral Fb of the borehole. An advantage is not to project the injection fluid towards the bottom Fa of the borehole and therefore to locate the injection more precisely.
Sans sortir du cadre de l'invention, le deuxième élément d'obturation 31 peut avoir été introduit en même temps que le premier élément d'obturation 30 ou après. Without departing from the scope of the invention, the second closure element 31 may have been introduced at the same time as the first closure element 30 or after.
Comme illustré en figure 11, on peut alors extraire le tube 10 hors du forage, toujours en déplaçant l'organe de guidage 18 le long du mât. On extrait également le premier élément d'obturation 30 après l'avoir placé en position rétractée et le canal d'injection 32. As illustrated in FIG. 11, it is then possible to extract the tube 10 from the borehole, still by moving the guide member 18 along the mast. The first obturation element 30 is also extracted after having placed it in the retracted position and the injection channel 32.
Le traitement des première et seconde portions de sol Z1,Z2 a donc été réalisé en remontant, en deux étapes d'injection successives, vers le haut du forage F. The treatment of the first and second portions of soil Z1, Z2 was therefore carried out by going back, in two successive injection stages, to the top of the borehole F.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Procédé de traitement d'un sol (S) caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend les étapes suivantes : on fournit un tube (10) ayant une extrémité distale (10b); on réalise un forage (F) dans le sol, le forage ayant un fond (Fa), une paroi latérale (Fb), une profondeur de forage (Pf) et s'étendant selon une direction de forage (Y); on positionne le tube dans le forage à une première profondeur prédéterminée (PI) inférieure à la profondeur de forage ; on introduit au moins un premier élément d'obturation (30) dans le forage à une deuxième profondeur prédéterminée (P2) comprise entre la première profondeur prédéterminée et la profondeur de forage, de sorte qu'il s'étend entre l'extrémité distale du tube et le fond du forage, ledit au moins un premier élément d'obturation étant configuré pour obturer le forage afin de définir une zone d'injection (34) située entre ledit au moins un premier élément d'obturation, le fond du forage et la paroi latérale du forage ; puis on injecte un fluide d'injection dans la zone d'injection tout en réalisant une étape d'évacuation des déblais situés entre le tube et la paroi latérale du forage. 1. A method of treating a soil (S) characterized in that it comprises the following steps: a tube (10) having a distal end (10b) is provided; drilling is carried out (F) in the ground, the drilling having a bottom (Fa), a side wall (Fb), a drilling depth (Pf) and extending in a drilling direction (Y); the tube is positioned in the borehole at a first predetermined depth (PI) less than the drilling depth; at least one first closure element (30) is introduced into the borehole at a second predetermined depth (P2) between the first predetermined depth and the borehole depth, so that it extends between the distal end of the tube and the bottom of the borehole, said at least one first obturation element being configured to seal the borehole in order to define an injection zone (34) situated between said at least one first obturation element, the bottom of the borehole and the side wall of the borehole; then injecting an injection fluid into the injection area while performing a step of evacuation of the cuttings located between the tube and the side wall of the borehole.
2. Procédé de traitement selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'étape d'évacuation des déblais comprend le nettoyage de la surface extérieure (11) du tube (10). 2. Treatment method according to claim 1, characterized in that the step of removing the cuttings comprises cleaning the outer surface (11) of the tube (10).
3. Procédé de traitement selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que l'étape de nettoyage de la surface extérieure (11) du tube (10) comprend la mise en rotation dudit tube autour de la direction de forage (Y). 3. Treatment method according to claim 2, characterized in that the step of cleaning the outer surface (11) of the tube (10) comprises rotating said tube around the drilling direction (Y).
4. Procédé de traitement selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que l'extrémité distale du tube (10) porte un organe de coupe (22), et en ce que l'étape de forage du sol (S) est réalisée à l'aide du tube déplacé dans le sol selon la direction de forage (Y) jusqu'à la profondeur de forage (PO- 4. Treatment method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the distal end of the tube (10) carries a cutting member (22), and in that the step of drilling the soil ( S) is carried out using the tube displaced in the ground in the direction of drilling (Y) up to the drilling depth (PO-
5. Procédé de traitement selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à5. Treatment method according to any one of claims 1 to
4, caractérisé en ce que le diamètre du tube (10) est sensiblement égal au diamètre du forage. 4, characterized in that the diameter of the tube (10) is substantially equal to the diameter of the borehole.
6. Procédé de traitement selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à6. Treatment method according to any one of claims 1 to
5, caractérisé en ce que l'on fournit un capteur de couple (19), en ce que l'on mesure un couple résistant appliqué au tube (10) à l'aide du capteur de couple, et en ce que l'on détecte une éventuelle présence de déblais en contact avec le tube, grâce au couple résistant mesuré. 5, characterized in that a torque sensor (19) is provided, in that a resistive torque applied to the tube (10) is measured using the torque sensor, and in that detects a possible presence of cuttings in contact with the tube, thanks to the measured resistance torque.
7. Procédé de traitement selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à7. Treatment method according to any one of claims 1 to
6, caractérisé en ce que ledit au moins un premier élément d'obturation (30) présente une position rétractée dans laquelle il peut être déplacé dans le forage (F) et une position déployée dans laquelle il coopère avec la paroi latérale (Fb) du forage pour obturer le forage afin de définir ladite zone d'injection (34). 6, characterized in that said at least one first closure element (30) has a retracted position in which it can be moved in the borehole (F) and a deployed position in which it cooperates with the side wall (Fb) of the drilling to seal the drilling to define said injection zone (34).
8. Procédé de traitement selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que ledit au moins un premier élément d'obturation (30) est gonflable. 8. Treatment method according to claim 7, characterized in that said at least one first closure element (30) is inflatable.
9. Procédé de traitement selon la revendication 7 ou 8, caractérisé en ce que l'introduction dudit au moins un premier élément d'obturation (30) dans le forage (F) comprend l'introduction dudit premier élément d'obturation, en position rétractée, dans le tube (10) et le déplacement dudit premier élément d'obturation le long du tube jusqu'à la deuxième profondeur prédéterminée (P2). 9. Treatment method according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the introduction of said at least one first obturation element (30) into the borehole (F) comprises the introduction of said first obturation element, in position retracted into the tube (10) and moving said first closure member along the tube to the second predetermined depth (P2).
10. Procédé de traitement selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que l'injection du fluide d'injection est réalisée à l'aide d'un dispositif d'injection comprenant un canal d'injection s'étendant à l'intérieur du tube (10) et débouchant dans la zone d'injection. 10. Treatment method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the injection of the injection fluid is carried out using an injection device comprising an injection channel extending inside the tube (10) and opening into the injection zone.
11. Procédé de traitement selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que le canal d'injection traverse ledit au moins un premier élément d'obturation (30). 11. Treatment method according to claim 10, characterized in that the injection channel passes through said at least one first closure element (30).
12. Procédé de traitement selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 11, dans lequel on introduit un deuxième élément d'obturation (31) dans le forage à une troisième profondeur prédéterminée (P3) comprise entre la deuxième profondeur prédéterminée (P2) et la profondeur de forage (Pf), de sorte qu'il se trouve entre ledit au moins un premier élément d'obturation (30) et le fond (Fa) du forage (F), ledit deuxième élément d'obturation étant configuré pour obturer le forage de sorte que la zone d'injection (34') s'étend entre le premier élément d'obturation (30), le deuxième élément d'obturation et la paroi latérale (Fb) du forage. 12. Treatment method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, in which a second sealing element (31) is introduced. in drilling at a third predetermined depth (P3) between the second predetermined depth (P2) and the drilling depth (Pf), so that it is located between said at least one first obturation element (30) and the bottom (Fa) of the borehole (F), said second shutter element being configured to shut off the borehole so that the injection zone (34 ') extends between the first shutter member (30), the second obturation element and the side wall (Fb) of the borehole.
13. Procédé de traitement selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que les premier et deuxième éléments d'obturation (30,31) sont introduits dans le forage (F) en même temps. 13. Treatment method according to claim 12, characterized in that the first and second sealing elements (30,31) are introduced into the borehole (F) at the same time.
14. Procédé de traitement selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 13, caractérisé en ce que le fluide d'injection est choisi parmi un produit d'étanchéification et une boue durcissable configurée pour consolider le sol (S). 14. Treatment method according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the injection fluid is chosen from a sealing product and a hardenable mud configured to consolidate the soil (S).
15. Procédé de traitement selon la revendication 2 en combinaison avec l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 14, caractérisé en ce l'étape de nettoyage de la surface extérieure (11) du tube (10) comprend l'injection d'un fluide de lavage autour du tube. 15. Treatment method according to claim 2 in combination with any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the step of cleaning the outer surface (11) of the tube (10) comprises injecting a fluid wash around the tube.
16. Procédé de traitement selon les revendications 6 et 15, caractérisé en ce que le fluide de lavage est injecté si une présence de déblais en contact avec le tube (10) est détectée à l'aide du capteur de couple (19). 16. Treatment method according to claims 6 and 15, characterized in that the washing fluid is injected if the presence of spoil in contact with the tube (10) is detected using the torque sensor (19).
17. Procédé de traitement selon la revendication 15 ou 16, caractérisé en ce que le fluide de lavage est injecté par l'extrémité distale (10b) du tube (10). 17. Treatment method according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that the washing fluid is injected through the distal end (10b) of the tube (10).
18. Procédé de traitement selon la revendication 17, caractérisé en ce que l'étape d'injection d'un fluide de lavage est réalisée à l'aide d'une tête d'injection (20) configurée pour injecter le fluide de lavage dans le tube (10), la tête d'injection comprenant une partie fixe (22) et une partie pivotante (24), la partie pivotante étant configurée pour coopérer avec le tube (10). 18. Treatment method according to claim 17, characterized in that the step of injecting a washing fluid is carried out using an injection head (20) configured to inject the washing fluid into the tube (10), the injection head comprising a fixed part (22) and a pivoting part (24), the pivoting part being configured to cooperate with the tube (10).
19. Dispositif de traitement d'un sol (S) dans lequel est réalisé un forage (F) ayant un fond (Fa), une paroi latérale (Fb), une profondeur de forage (Pf) et s'étendant selon une direction de forage (Y), le dispositif de traitement étant caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend : un tube (10) ayant une extrémité distale (10b), ledit tube étant configuré pour être positionné dans le forage à une première profondeur prédéterminée (PI) inférieure à la profondeur de forage ; au moins un premier élément d'obturation (30) configuré pour être introduit dans le forage à une deuxième profondeur prédéterminée (P2) comprise entre la première profondeur prédéterminée et la profondeur de forage, ledit au moins un premier élément d'obturation étant configuré pour obturer le forage afin de définir une zone d'injection (34) située entre ledit au moins un premier élément d'obturation, le fond du forage et la paroi latérale du forage ; 19. Device for treating a soil (S) in which a borehole (F) is carried out having a bottom (Fa), a side wall (Fb), a borehole depth (Pf) and extending in a direction of drilling (Y), the processing device being characterized in that it comprises: a tube (10) having a distal end (10b), said tube being configured to be positioned in the drilling at a first predetermined lower depth (PI) at the drilling depth; at least one first obturation element (30) configured to be introduced into the borehole at a second predetermined depth (P2) between the first predetermined depth and the drilling depth, said at least one first obturation element being configured for closing the borehole in order to define an injection zone (34) located between said at least one first obturation element, the bottom of the borehole and the side wall of the borehole;
un dispositif d'injection (32,36) configuré pour injecter un fluide d'injection dans le forage ; et un dispositif d'évacuation des déblais (18,20) configuré pour évacuer les déblais situés entre le tube et la paroi latérale du forage lors de l'injection du fluide d'injection dans le forage. an injection device (32,36) configured to inject an injection fluid into the borehole; and a cuttings evacuation device (18,20) configured to evacuate the cuttings situated between the tube and the side wall of the borehole during the injection of the injection fluid into the borehole.
20. Dispositif de traitement selon la revendication 19, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif d'évacuation des déblais comprend un dispositif de déplacement (18) configuré pour mettre en rotation le tube (10) autour de la direction de forage (Y). 20. Treatment device according to claim 19, characterized in that the cuttings evacuation device comprises a displacement device (18) configured to rotate the tube (10) around the drilling direction (Y).
21. Dispositif de traitement selon la revendication 19 ou 20, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif d'évacuation des déblais comprend une tête d'injection (20) pour injecter un fluide de lavage autour du tube (10). 21. Treatment device according to claim 19 or 20, characterized in that the cuttings evacuation device comprises an injection head (20) for injecting a washing fluid around the tube (10).
EP19835686.7A 2018-11-27 2019-11-04 Method for treating soil Active EP3887603B1 (en)

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FR1871928A FR3088942B1 (en) 2018-11-27 2018-11-27 Ground treatment process
PCT/FR2019/052597 WO2020109682A1 (en) 2018-11-27 2019-11-04 Method for treating soil

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FR3088942B1 (en) 2020-12-11
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PE20211536A1 (en) 2021-08-16
US20220025603A1 (en) 2022-01-27
EP3887603B1 (en) 2023-12-27
CL2021001324A1 (en) 2021-10-29

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