EP3883754A1 - Flux radial sur une base de construction - Google Patents

Flux radial sur une base de construction

Info

Publication number
EP3883754A1
EP3883754A1 EP19801291.6A EP19801291A EP3883754A1 EP 3883754 A1 EP3883754 A1 EP 3883754A1 EP 19801291 A EP19801291 A EP 19801291A EP 3883754 A1 EP3883754 A1 EP 3883754A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
flow
construction
gas
construction field
flow guide
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP19801291.6A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Georg Fey
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AMCM GmbH
Original Assignee
AMCM GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by AMCM GmbH filed Critical AMCM GmbH
Publication of EP3883754A1 publication Critical patent/EP3883754A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B29C64/364—Conditioning of environment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/32—Process control of the atmosphere, e.g. composition or pressure in a building chamber
    • B22F10/322—Process control of the atmosphere, e.g. composition or pressure in a building chamber of the gas flow, e.g. rate or direction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/38—Housings, e.g. machine housings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/40—Radiation means
    • B22F12/44—Radiation means characterised by the configuration of the radiation means
    • B22F12/45—Two or more
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/70—Gas flow means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
    • B29C64/124—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B29C64/35—Cleaning
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a flow system for flowing a construction field of a manufacturing device for additive manufacturing of three-dimensional components, a flow arrangement with such a flow system, a
  • Manufacturing device for additive manufacturing of three-dimensional components and a manufacturing method for additive manufacturing of three-dimensional components.
  • Additive manufacturing devices and associated manufacturing processes are generally characterized in that objects (components) are produced layer by layer by solidifying an informal construction material.
  • the solidification can be brought about by supplying thermal energy to the building material by irradiating it with electromagnetic radiation or particle radiation, for example during laser sintering (“SLS” or “DMLS”), laser melting or electron beam melting.
  • SLS laser sintering
  • laser melting the area of action of the laser beam (laser spot) on a layer of the build material is moved over those points of the layer that correspond to the component cross section of the component to be manufactured in this layer.
  • a thin layer of a powdery building material is repeatedly applied and the building material in each layer is selectively solidified locally by selective irradiation with a laser beam.
  • the applied building material can also be selectively solidified by 3D printing, for example by applying an adhesive or Binder.
  • Appropriate devices and methods are used, for example, in so-called rapid prototyping, rapid tooling or additives
  • the invention relates generally to the additive manufacturing of three-dimensional components by layer-by-layer application and locally selective solidification of a building material within a construction field.
  • Different types of building materials can be used, in particular powders such as metal powder, plastic powder, ceramic powder, sand and filled and / or mixed powders.
  • the construction fields of such production devices or 3D printers are generally flowed over from one edge to the other edge of the construction field in one direction in order to remove contaminants in the production process, such as spatter, smoke and vapors, by means of a gas.
  • a laminar flow is sought.
  • a laminar flow is said to prevent turbulence, i.e. Vortexes of the overflowing gas, which ideally affect the flat and uniform surface of the powder layer of the construction site. For example, turbulence could lead to the displacement of the powdery building material, that is to say local removal or local accumulation of the powder in the
  • the characteristic key figure for the fluid mechanical description of a flow as laminar or turbulent is the Reynolds number.
  • this indicator depends on the characteristic length of the flow. In the event of a construction site overflowing, this length is a
  • EP 2 862 651 A1 shows a flow device with two gas inlets and outlets arranged on the side of the construction oath on the walls of the process chamber and a gas outlet and inlet arranged centrally above the construction site.
  • the continuous construction field is divided into overlapping irradiation areas, each of which can be irradiated by an irradiation unit assigned to the irradiation area.
  • the construction area below the central gas outlet or inlet is shaded from above by the gas outlet or inlet. This area can only be reached from the side for rays of the radiation units directed obliquely downwards if a sufficient vertical distance of the central gas outlet or inlet from the construction site is maintained.
  • Opposed nozzles of the laser beam for moving the construction field with the laser beam and the application device.
  • the present invention therefore has the task of providing a flow device, a manufacturing device and a corresponding manufacturing method for additive manufacturing, which are particularly suitable for large components, in particular for those components whose construction field has a recess area having.
  • An improved flow guidance over large building plots is to be achieved, in particular over building plots that unite
  • Manufacturing speed can be achieved with high component quality.
  • the flow system comprising:
  • At least one outer flow guide with at least one
  • outer flow guide for arrangement in a construction field outer area, which is arranged in the radial direction outwards outside the construction field, and the central flow guide for arrangement in a, preferably central, construction field recess area which is arranged in the radial direction inward outside the construction field is, are formed, in particular one in at least one in Generate essentially radial flow direction across the construction field gas flow.
  • An idea of the invention is to use the shape of the construction site or the component to be manufactured in order to provide a flow system or a
  • Flow arrangement to be carried out so that the characteristic length of the flow is reduced. This can prevent a transition from a laminar flow to a turbulent flow.
  • the flow path of a flow over the construction field is made as short as possible by means of an inventive flow system or flow arrangement.
  • Such a flow system or arrangement is also of simple construction.
  • the flow system, in particular the central flow guide can be arranged in the immediate vicinity of the construction field, as a result of which an improved flow guide is achieved with regard to the effect.
  • the additive manufacturing of the three-dimensional component takes place in particular by layer-by-layer application in a vertical direction and locally selective solidification of a (shapeless) building material, preferably powder, within the construction field.
  • the vertical direction is in particular (vertical) parallel to a longitudinal axis of the manufacturing device, one being Working plane preferably extends perpendicular to it (horizontally).
  • the longitudinal axis can be understood as an axis of symmetry of the (cylindrical) process chamber of the manufacturing device.
  • the working level and the construction site located therein remain at the same height (in the vertical direction) during the (entire) manufacturing process.
  • Several components can be manufactured in one construction area at the same time.
  • a construction field can be understood to mean a two-dimensional area (2D partial area) of the working plane of the manufacturing device for additive manufacturing, in which the rays of the irradiation units can strike the building material for selective solidification or in which a building container accommodating the component extends, which ( also) contains the (unconsolidated) building material.
  • the area of the construction site can be used for production.
  • the construction site can be understood as the top powder layer (2D surface).
  • the construction area recess can be understood as an area recessed from the construction area that do not reach the beams of the radiation units or over which the building container does not extend.
  • a construction site area can be understood as a three-dimensional area (directly) above the construction site, which has the same extent (cross-sectional area or base area) as the construction site.
  • the construction area recess area does not belong to the construction area.
  • the area of the construction area recess represents a cross-sectional area of the construction area recess area.
  • the construction area recess area can be understood as an area that is at least partially surrounded or enclosed by the construction area area.
  • the construction area recess area can also be designated as a central or inner area (in relation to the construction area area or the construction area).
  • Construction area recess area with the construction area area to the space that surrounds the construction container (and the construction area), both below and above the working level and at the same height as the working level.
  • the space above the working level and to the side of the construction container could be divided into the construction area outside area, the construction area area and the construction area recess area, the construction area being congruent with the base area of the construction area area.
  • the construction site area could be viewed as the gas-filled spatial area (3D space) above the construction site (2D area).
  • the parts of the construction area recess area and the construction area outside area above the working level taken together are the complementary space to the construction area area.
  • the construction field recess area can be connected to the construction field outer region, for example if the construction field has a U-shape.
  • the shape of a construction site or a construction site area that has a construction site recess area within the meaning of the invention could be defined such that the center of gravity of the construction site outside the contours (the edge) or the area of the
  • Construction site is, for example, in the case of an annular or U-shaped
  • the construction field could be defined by an outer (closed) circumferential line and an inner (closed) circumferential line, which in particular delimit a radially extending construction field, the inner circumferential line delimiting the construction field recess (2D surface) from construction field (2D surface).
  • several radiation units are distributed above the construction site or arranged around the construction site. In particular, they are
  • Irradiation units designed to irradiate the construction site simultaneously.
  • the construction site can be divided into segments, e.g. Circle segments or ring segments, can be subdivided, wherein each segment can be assigned an irradiation unit.
  • the flow according to the invention can also be used to overflow a
  • Coupling window and / or one or more radiation units can be used.
  • a radial direction can run from the central flow guide to the outer flow guide, or vice versa.
  • the runs preferentially
  • the gas flow can be away from a center of the construction field (on both sides), i.e. from the center outwards and inwards, or (from both sides) to the center of the construction site, i.e. from outside and inside to the middle.
  • the outer and central flow guides can be separated from each other, i.e. in particular not (directly) structurally connected to one another.
  • the outer and / or central flow guidance is stationary (immobile), i.e. especially immovable relative to the construction site.
  • a flow guide can comprise a channel, a line, or a channel or line section.
  • a flow opening can (depending on
  • Flow direction have the function of an outlet opening or inlet opening for gas.
  • a gas discharge can be used as an outlet opening for gas from a
  • Process chamber may be provided.
  • the construction area Due to the arrangement of the central flow guidance in a construction area recess area which does not belong to the construction area area and therefore does not have to be supplied with current during production, such as the inner area of an annular construction area area, on the one hand, the construction area is separated from the
  • Flow can be reached over the construction site. This will cause turbulence in the Avoid application material in the construction field, maintain a uniform layer thickness of the application material and thus enable a manufacturing process for high component quality at high production speed, especially for relatively large components.
  • Flow guidance and the central flow guidance designed for arrangement above the construction field.
  • the flow openings of the flow guides can be arranged directly above the construction field, whereby an improved flow guide can be achieved with regard to the effect.
  • the outer flow guidance and / or the central flow guidance in or below the level of the construction field
  • flow openings of the outer flow guide could be oriented upwards in order to draw off gas downwards.
  • Circumferential direction of the construction field immovable arrangement is formed.
  • the outer and / or inner central flow guidance is immovable relative to the construction field, i.e. stationary, arranged.
  • the outer and / or the central flow guide in the circumferential direction, preferably in the circumferential direction and in the radial direction, of the construction field are designed to be immovable or attached, preferably along the entire circumferential direction.
  • the circumferential direction can be understood to mean a boundary line (contour) of the construction field, in particular the course of the inner wall of the container or the
  • the outer flow guide and / or the central flow guide are not to be carried along with a
  • Irradiation zone of the construction site i.e. the flow guides are in particular not with the coater and / or one
  • Irradiation unit carried. This makes it possible to dispense with complex control, in particular coordination of the movement of the irradiation units with the movement of the flow guides. Collisions between different flow paths are excluded.
  • the outer contours of a housing are the central flow guide, in particular the orientation of the at least one flow opening adapted to contours of the construction field delimiting the construction field recess area.
  • the shape of the construction field recess follows the contour (contour line) of the construction field or conforms to these contours.
  • the shape of the construction field recess corresponds in particular to the shape of the inner wall of the container or the outer wall of the container.
  • the flow openings (at locations along the circumferential direction) are preferably oriented at least substantially perpendicular to the contours (contour line) of the construction field. In particular, the flow openings are aligned in the radial direction.
  • the construction site is shaped such that the center of gravity of the construction site outside the contours of the
  • the center of gravity of the construction site is in particular outside the area of the construction site, preferably within the (central) construction site recess area.
  • the arrangement of the central flow guide in the construction field recess area can significantly shorten the flow path over the construction field, i.e. in particular between the central flow guide and the outer flow guide.
  • Flow guidance and / or the central flow guidance each have at least one, preferably radially oriented, flow guiding element for influencing the flow direction of the gas flow over the construction field.
  • flow guiding element for influencing the flow direction of the gas flow over the construction field.
  • Flow guide grid and / or perforated plates are provided. There are preferably a plurality of flow guide elements over the entire circumferential direction of the central one
  • Flow guidance at least one connection opening for connection to the gas discharge or the gas supply and is designed to one
  • Flow guidance can have flow deflection sections, for example at least one curved channel or line section, preferably with a steering angle of approximately 90 °.
  • gas can be supplied to the construction field from above (axially) through the central flow guide and directed to the construction field in the radial direction or upwards (axially) from the radial direction via the construction field be dissipated.
  • the supply or discharge of gas from or upwards through the central flow guide arranged in the construction area recess area does not produce any shading of the construction field and enables the irradiation units to have unrestricted irradiation of the construction field.
  • Flow guide and / or the outer flow guide each have a plurality of openable and closable flow openings, in particular openable and closable nozzles with flow openings, wherein flow openings assigned to a specific radial segment of the construction field can preferably be opened and closed.
  • a radial segment can be understood to mean a partial area of the construction field extending in the radial direction of the construction field, in particular a circular sector or a sector over a specific one
  • Flow opening of the central flow guide can be connected to the gas supply and at least one flow opening of the outer flow guide can be connected to the gas discharge, in particular one which runs essentially outward in a radial flow direction over the construction field
  • Gas flow can be generated.
  • the flow opening of the central flow guide can be connected to the gas discharge, so that an essentially radial flow occurs from the outside through the construction field to the inside.
  • gas is preferably blown in via the central flow guide and via the outer flow guide
  • a first flow opening of the central flow guide can be connected to the gas supply and a second flow opening of the central flow guide can be connected to the gas discharge and / or a first flow opening of the outer flow guide can be connected to the gas supply and a second
  • Flow opening of the outer flow guide can be connected to the gas discharge.
  • the respective flow openings of a central and / or outer flow guide are arranged one above the other.
  • gas is supplied from above in a central region of the construction field and flows to both radial sides (inwards and outwards) or is suctioned off from both radial sides.
  • gas is supplied on both radial sides (from the inside and outside) and flows upward in a central region of the construction field. In this way, the flow path in a flow direction above the construction field can be further reduced.
  • the flow system according to the invention can also be applied to the flow arrangement or can be implemented by a corresponding arrangement of the flow system.
  • Flow arrangement is a vertical distance between the construction field and a flow opening, in particular a central axis of one
  • Flow opening less than an opening height, preferably less than half an opening height, more preferably less than a quarter of the
  • Flow openings can be designed as (elongated) flow slots or round flow openings, in particular as nozzle openings. Through the smallest possible (vertical) distance between the flow openings and the construction field, an overflow as close as possible to the construction field and thus an effective removal of impurities.
  • a flow system or a flow arrangement which have an outer flow guide with at least one flow opening and a central flow guide with at least one flow opening, for flow flow through a, in particular annular, construction field of a manufacturing device for additive production of three-dimensional components, especially through
  • Streaming arrangement used to be one in at least one essentially to produce a radial flow direction across the construction field.
  • Manufacturing device for additive manufacturing of three-dimensional components by layer-by-layer application and locally selective solidification of a building material by means of a plurality of radiation units, comprising:
  • At least one gas supply for supplying gas to the
  • Construction material and at least one component to be manufactured the, in particular annular, construction container at least partially surrounding a, preferably central, container recess,
  • a, in particular annular, construction field that can be used to manufacture the component is provided above the construction container, which extends in a radial direction and delimits a, preferably central, construction field recess that cannot be used to manufacture the component,
  • a, preferably central, construction field recess area which is arranged in the radial direction inwards outside the construction field, corresponds to a cross-sectional area of the container recess;
  • outer flow guide in a construction field outer area which is arranged in the radial direction outward of the construction field, and the central flow guide are arranged in the construction oath recess area, in particular one in at least one in
  • a cross-sectional area of the container recess lies in particular in a (horizontal) cross-sectional plane through the building container, which preferably runs parallel to or coincides with the working plane of the manufacturing device.
  • the construction site area extends above the construction site, the construction site recess area extending above the
  • Container recess (and the container inner wall) extends, In particular the volume of the container recess complements the volume of the receiving area
  • a manufacturing device comprises in particular a
  • Flow arrangement can be implemented in the manufacturing device according to the invention.
  • the construction container is shaped such that the center of gravity of a cross-sectional area of the
  • the center of gravity of the receiving area of the container is preferably in the
  • Irradiation units is not irradiated, is a radial gas flow over the Construction site accessible, which requires only a relatively short flow path compared to flow through the entire construction site from one side to the other.
  • the receiving area of the construction container has an annular, ring-segment-shaped, kidney-shaped, egg-shaped, L-shaped or rectangular frame-shaped cross-sectional area, the cross-sectional areas of the container recess, in particular, being different
  • the receiving area can in particular be circular, but can also be oval or elliptical in shape.
  • the construction container has an outer container wall and a container wall surrounding the container recess
  • Container inner wall wherein the container inner wall has in particular curved and / or straight wall sections, and is preferably designed as a hollow cylinder.
  • Annular components are, for example, in an annular building container with a cylindrical (inner or central)
  • Container recess added.
  • the inner wall of the container defines in particular the inner contours of the construction site.
  • the container recess (or the
  • Building container can have a rectangular, square, elliptical, oval, circular, or similar cross-section.
  • the inner wall of the container preferably has a small wall thickness (in comparison to the radial dimension of the construction field) and is in particular adapted to the shape of the outer wall of the construction container, which it delimits (towards the inside).
  • the construction field has an inner diameter of at least 0.2 m, preferably of at least 0.3 m, more preferably between 0.3 m and 1.4 m, with a radial dimension of the construction field in particular at least 0.02 m, preferably at least 0.05 m, more preferably maximum 0.7m.
  • the radial dimension can be defined as a distance between the
  • Container inner wall and the outer container wall are understood.
  • Container cutout can be, for example, a diameter or a
  • the invention Manufacturing device is used in particular for large components that can be manufactured in a construction container of the dimensions mentioned.
  • Flow guidance interchangeable in particular at least one holder for the central flow guidance being provided on a process chamber wall.
  • the holder can be connected to the process chamber wall and / or the central flow guide in a form-fitting manner, such as via a snap, clamp or bayonet lock connection, or via a screw connection.
  • the central flow guide can in particular have a housing which can be fastened to the holder.
  • the holder can be connected to the gas discharge and / or gas supply in a gas-conducting manner, the holder in particular having at least one first connection opening for connection to the gas discharge and / or the gas supply and at least a second
  • connection opening for connection to the connection opening of the central flow guide.
  • the holder can have a gas discharge and / or supply section (channel section), preferably one
  • Interchangeability of the central flow guide, the flow system or the flow arrangement for the production of a specific component, in particular to the building container receiving the component can be matched, for example for components of different inside and / or outside diameters.
  • the central one can be used for different external diameters of components
  • Manufacturing method for additive manufacturing of three-dimensional components by layer-by-layer application and locally selective solidification of a building material within a construction field by means of a plurality of radiation units comprising the following steps: a) supplying gas via a gas supply into a process chamber of a manufacturing device for the additive manufacturing of three-dimensional components, in particular one manufacturing device according to the invention; b) flow through the construction field, in particular through a flow system according to the invention or through a flow system according to the invention
  • At least one flow opening of at least one outer flow guide which is outside the construction field in a construction field outer region, which is arranged in the radial direction outwards outside the construction field
  • the production method according to the invention has similar advantages as have already been described in connection with the flow system according to the invention, the flow arrangement and the production device.
  • the manufacturing process is particularly easy to carry out and achieves high component quality.
  • Figure 1A is a schematic representation of an embodiment of the
  • Figure 1B shows the embodiment of Figure 1A in a plan view of the section YY;
  • Figure 2A is a schematic representation of an embodiment of the
  • Figure 2B shows the embodiment of Figure 2A in a plan view of the
  • Figure 3 is a schematic representation of an embodiment of the
  • Figure 4 is a schematic representation of an embodiment of the
  • Figure 5 is a schematic representation of an embodiment of the
  • Figure 6 is a schematic representation of an embodiment of the
  • Figure 7 is a schematic representation of an embodiment of the
  • Figure 8 is a schematic representation of an embodiment of the
  • FIG. 1A shows a manufacturing device 1 according to the invention for additive
  • Process chamber 10 Below the process chamber 10 there is an upwardly open construction container 20 with a container wall 23, in which a component 2 is built up in layers.
  • the container wall 23 includes one
  • a construction field 30 is defined through the upper opening of the construction container 20 and can be used for the additive manufacturing of a three-dimensional component 2.
  • a carrier 71 which can be moved in a vertical direction B by means of an adjusting mechanism 70 and which forms the bottom of the building container 20 and carries the component 2.
  • the coater 50 for applying the building material is arranged above the construction field 30 and is controllably movable. In the present exemplary embodiment, the coater 50 can be moved in the circumferential direction over the construction field 30 in order to produce an annular component 2.
  • the carrier 71 is first lowered to a height which corresponds to the thickness of the layer to be applied.
  • a layer of the powdery building material is then applied.
  • the powdery building material is applied at least over the entire cross section of the component 2 to be produced, preferably over the entire area of the building field 30
  • Irradiation units 60 include lasers that are laser beams
  • the irradiation units 60 can be controlled in such a way that they irradiate the construction site 30 in such a way that layers within the construction site
  • the applied building material is locally selectively solidified so that the desired structure of component 2 is formed.
  • the construction site 30 remains at a fixed same level in a working plane during the manufacturing process.
  • the building material melts locally, thereby contaminating the
  • Process atmosphere e.g. Splashes, smoke or condensate can arise.
  • gas process gas
  • impurities can be removed from the construction site 30 on the one hand.
  • oxidation of the building material at the process point can be largely prevented.
  • Process chamber 10 (horizontal) over the construction field 30 comprises the
  • Manufacturing device 1 a gas supply 12 and a gas discharge 11, each with an outer flow guide 41 and a central one
  • Flow guide 42 of an inventive flow system 40 or an inventive flow arrangement are connected.
  • the outer and central flow guides 41, 42 have flow openings 43, 43a, 43b and 44, 44a, 44b, which can each serve as a gas outlet or gas inlet.
  • the gas drawn off from the process chamber 10 via the gas discharge 11 can be supplied in a filter device (not shown) and can be returned to the process chamber 10 via the gas supply 12, thereby forming a circulating air system with a closed gas circuit.
  • the central flow guide 42 is fastened to the process chamber wall 14 via the holder 13, here on the upper side of the process chamber 10.
  • the outer flow guide 41 is arranged in the construction area outer area 33 and the central flow guide 42 in the construction area recess area 31.
  • the construction site outer area 33 is located outside of the construction site 30 in the radial direction R to the outside of the construction site 30 or the construction site area 32 lying congruently above the construction site 30.
  • the construction site recess area likewise lying outside (in the radial direction R inward) of the construction site 30 31 is delimited from the construction site area 32, the construction site recess area 31 being enclosed by the construction site area 32.
  • the geometry of the construction field recess area 31 is ultimately predetermined by the geometry of the container recess 21 of the construction container 20.
  • the construction area 30 is not shaded and can be covered by the Irradiation units 60 are irradiated unhindered.
  • the central flow guide 42 can thereby be positioned at a very small vertical distance from the construction site 30, in particular in the immediate vicinity, preferably immediately above, the working level. As a result, the gas flow is guided as close as possible over the construction field 30 and can effectively remove process exhaust gases.
  • An essential advantage of the arrangement of the central flow guide 42 according to the invention is that a radial gas flow can be generated via the construction field 30 and the flow path of the gas flow via the construction field 30 is thereby reduced, in particular in comparison to a flow which is customary from the prior art in a uniform manner Direction from one side of the construction site to the other. It can thereby be achieved that the flow remains laminar even with large components 2 and does not become turbulent.
  • the flow guide elements 45, 46 of the outer flow guide 41 and the central flow guide 42 are visible, the component 2 not being shown.
  • the flow guide elements 46 are designed as radial lamellae which conduct gas in the radial direction R over the construction field 30.
  • the flow guide elements 45 are also aligned in the radial direction R.
  • the flow guide elements 45, 46 can be designed to divert an axial flow into a radial flow, or vice versa. Alternatively, the flow guiding elements 45,
  • Flow openings 43, 44 are arranged uniformly distributed over the circumference of the manufacturing device 1 and can be openable and closable. By closing the flow openings 43, 44, a certain radial segment of the construction field 30 can (temporarily) be excluded from the flow, for example when no radiation of this radial sector is currently taking place. In this way, a larger gas flow can be provided for the remaining radial segments with open flow openings 43, 44.
  • Flow openings 43, 44 can be opened and closed, for example, via controllable flaps or adjustable slats.
  • FIG. 2A functions essentially the same as the embodiment according to FIG. 1A.
  • the construction site outside area 33, the Construction area area 32 and construction area recess area 31 are schematically indicated in FIG. 2A by dashed lines. Beams of the irradiation units 60 that strike the construction site 30 are also shown.
  • the component 2 is shown in the construction container 20 on the carrier 71 in an intermediate production state in which a multiplicity of applied layers has already been solidified and the component 2 is surrounded by construction material which has not yet been solidified.
  • the ring-shaped component 2 is already largely finished and has, for example, a Z-shaped cross section.
  • the vertical direction B is drawn vertically upwards.
  • the process chamber 10 has a process chamber wall 14 on the outer
  • Flow guides 41 are arranged, which can be connected in a gas-conducting manner via connection openings 47 to gas feeds 12 or gas discharges 11. Via a connection opening 48 in a cover of the process chamber 10, the housing 49 of the central flow guide 42 can be connected in a gas-conducting manner to a gas discharge 11 or a gas feed 12. It is possible to supply gas to the construction field via the central flow guide 42 and to discharge it via the outer flow guide 41, or vice versa (see FIGS. 3 to 6). It is also possible to supply and remove gas via the central flow guide 42 and / or to supply and remove gas via the outer flow guide 41 (see FIGS. 7 and 8),
  • Outer and central flow guides 41, 42 are immovably arranged in the circumferential direction U and radial direction R of the construction site 30, i.e. stationary. 2B shows the radial direction R, which runs from the inside to the outside, or vice versa, in particular at any point perpendicular to the
  • Contours of the construction site 30 Contours of the construction site 30.
  • the contours of the construction site 30 here are an inner and an outer circle which delimit the ring-shaped construction site 30.
  • the circumferential direction U runs around the building site 30.
  • the construction field 30 consists of a first (outer) radial region 30a and an (inner) radial region 30b.
  • FIG. 3 to 8 show schematic representations of various
  • each gas in at least one radial direction flows over the construction site 30.
  • the respective flow directions are illustrated by arrows.
  • FIGS. 3 to 6 each show gas flows in one of the two radial flow directions S1, S2.
  • gas is supplied via the central flow guide 42 and discharged via the outer flow guide 41.
  • the gas flow is directed outward over the construction field 30 in the radial flow direction S1.
  • gas is supplied via the outer flow guides 41 and via the central one
  • the gas flow is directed inward over the construction field 30 in the radial flow direction $ 2.
  • the outer flow guide 41 is designed to deflect the gas flow from the radial to the axial direction, or vice versa.
  • process gas is blown in through the central flow guide in 42 and extracted through the outer flow guides 41 (see FIGS. 3 and 5).
  • the construction area area 32 located above the construction area 30 is delimited from the construction area recess area 31 and the construction area outer area 33, as shown by dashed lines.
  • the flow guides 41, 42 are each connected to a gas discharge 11 and a gas feed 12, the
  • Flow openings 43a, 43b and 44a, 44b are arranged one above the other in height. This creates oppositely circulating flows over the construction site 30.
  • the flow openings 43b and 44b are connected to the gas supply 12 and the flow openings 43a and 44a are connected to the gas discharge 11.
  • the gas flow in a first (outer) radial region 30a of construction field 30, the gas flow is directed outward in a radial flow direction S1, while in a second (inner) radial region 30b of construction field 30 it is directed inward in a radial flow direction $ 2 .
  • FIG. 7 in a first (outer) radial region 30a of construction field 30, the gas flow is directed outward in a radial flow direction S1, while in a second (inner) radial region 30b of construction field 30 it is directed inward in a radial flow direction $ 2 .
  • a gas flow is reversed in a first (outer) radial region 30a of the construction field 30 in a radial flow direction S2, while in a second (inner) radial region 30b of the construction field 30 it is directed in a radial flow direction S1 is.
  • the construction field area 32 lying above the construction field 30 is bordered by the
  • Construction area recess area 31 and the construction area outer area 33 as indicated by dashed lines. Reference list:

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système (40) de production d'un flux et un agencement de production d'un flux servant à produire un flux sur une zone de construction (30) d'un dispositif (1) de fabrication additive de composants tridimensionnels par application en couches successives et solidification sélective locale d'un matériau de départ à l'intérieur de la zone de construction (30) au moyen d'une pluralité d'unités d'exposition à un rayonnement. L'invention concerne également un dispositif de fabrication et un procédé de fabrication correspondants. Le système de production d'un flux comprend un élément extérieur (41) de guidage du flux et un élément central (42) de guidage du flux. Une première ouverture (43, 44) de production du flux comportant une évacuation de gaz (11) permettant d'évacuer le gaz hors d'une chambre de traitement (10) du dispositif de fabrication (1) et une seconde ouverture (44, 43) de production du flux comportant une alimentation en gaz (12) permettant d'alimenter la chambre de traitement (10) en gaz peuvent être raccordées de manière à conduire le gaz, l'élément extérieur (41) de guidage du flux et l'élément central (42) de guidage du flux sont conçus pour être agencés à l'extérieur de la zone de construction (30) utilisable pour la fabrication du composant (2), la zone de construction (30), en particulier annulaire, s'étend dans une direction radiale (R) et est délimitée par un évidement de zone de construction, l'élément extérieur (41) de guidage du flux est conçu pour être agencé dans une partie extérieure (33) de la zone de construction qui se trouve hors de la zone de construction (30) en direction radiale (R) vers l'extérieur, et l'élément central de guidage (42) du flux est conçu pour être agencé dans une partie évidement (31) de la zone de construction qui se trouve hors de la zone de construction (30) en direction radiale (R) vers l'intérieur, pour produire un flux de gaz orienté sur la zone de construction (30) en particulier en direction radiale (S1, S2) du flux.
EP19801291.6A 2018-11-19 2019-11-07 Flux radial sur une base de construction Pending EP3883754A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102018129022.5A DE102018129022A1 (de) 2018-11-19 2018-11-19 Radiale Strömung über ein Baufeld
PCT/EP2019/080516 WO2020104202A1 (fr) 2018-11-19 2019-11-07 Flux radial sur une base de construction

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EP3883754A1 true EP3883754A1 (fr) 2021-09-29

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EP19801291.6A Pending EP3883754A1 (fr) 2018-11-19 2019-11-07 Flux radial sur une base de construction

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US (1) US20220032545A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP3883754A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN113226715A (fr)
DE (1) DE102018129022A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2020104202A1 (fr)

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WO2020104202A1 (fr) 2020-05-28
CN113226715A (zh) 2021-08-06
US20220032545A1 (en) 2022-02-03

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