EP3851493A1 - Composition comprising a novolak - Google Patents
Composition comprising a novolak Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3851493A1 EP3851493A1 EP20152076.4A EP20152076A EP3851493A1 EP 3851493 A1 EP3851493 A1 EP 3851493A1 EP 20152076 A EP20152076 A EP 20152076A EP 3851493 A1 EP3851493 A1 EP 3851493A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- novolak
- water
- composition according
- composition
- weight
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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- 229920003986 novolac Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 106
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical class [H]C(*)=O 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 glycol ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphate Chemical group CCOP(=O)(OCC)OCC DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KVMPUXDNESXNOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(1-chloropropan-2-yl) phosphate Chemical compound ClCC(C)OP(=O)(OC(C)CCl)OC(C)CCl KVMPUXDNESXNOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-ZQBYOMGUSA-N phenyl(114C)methanol Chemical compound O[14CH2]C1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-ZQBYOMGUSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 11
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PXKLMJQFEQBVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol F Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 PXKLMJQFEQBVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
- YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N catechol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1O YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000006482 condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N resorcinol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical class CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004604 Blowing Agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019445 benzyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- YYTSGNJTASLUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloropropan-2-ol Chemical compound CC(O)CCl YYTSGNJTASLUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaldehyde Chemical compound CC=O IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930185605 Bisphenol Natural products 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 2
- VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylenetetramine Chemical compound C1N(C2)CN3CN1CN2C3 VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopentane Chemical compound CCC(C)C QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003739 xylenols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- BGJSXRVXTHVRSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-trioxane Chemical compound C1OCOCO1 BGJSXRVXTHVRSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJCVRFUGPWSIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 KJCVRFUGPWSIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTWJRLJHJPIABL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylphenol;3-methylphenol;4-methylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1.CC1=CC=CC(O)=C1.CC1=CC=CC=C1O QTWJRLJHJPIABL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VPWNQTHUCYMVMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-sulfonyldiphenol Chemical class C1=CC(O)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 VPWNQTHUCYMVMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004254 Ammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004971 Cross linker Substances 0.000 description 1
- VIZORQUEIQEFRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl adipate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CCCCC(=O)OCC VIZORQUEIQEFRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DKMROQRQHGEIOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl succinate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CCC(=O)OCC DKMROQRQHGEIOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UDSFAEKRVUSQDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl adipate Chemical compound COC(=O)CCCCC(=O)OC UDSFAEKRVUSQDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MUXOBHXGJLMRAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl succinate Chemical compound COC(=O)CCC(=O)OC MUXOBHXGJLMRAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930040373 Paraformaldehyde Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZOIORXHNWRGPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;zinc Chemical compound [Zn].CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O ZOIORXHNWRGPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- ZRIUUUJAJJNDSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium phosphates Chemical class [NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O ZRIUUUJAJJNDSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019289 ammonium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NTBYNMBEYCCFPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane boric acid Chemical class N.N.N.OB(O)O NTBYNMBEYCCFPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930003836 cresol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000001896 cresols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005442 diisocyanate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl butane Natural products CCCC(C)C AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002783 friction material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004312 hexamethylene tetramine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010299 hexamethylene tetramine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004780 naphthols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002866 paraformaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001228 polyisocyanate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000582 polyisocyanurate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011495 polyisocyanurate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005749 polyurethane resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trizinc;diborate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-] BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000214 vapour pressure osmometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- YZYKBQUWMPUVEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N zafuleptine Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCC(C(C)C)NCC1=CC=C(F)C=C1 YZYKBQUWMPUVEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004246 zinc acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G8/00—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with phenols only
- C08G8/04—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with phenols only of aldehydes
- C08G8/08—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with phenols only of aldehydes of formaldehyde, e.g. of formaldehyde formed in situ
- C08G8/10—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with phenols only of aldehydes of formaldehyde, e.g. of formaldehyde formed in situ with phenol
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L61/00—Compositions of condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L61/04—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with phenols only
- C08L61/06—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with phenols only of aldehydes with phenols
- C08L61/14—Modified phenol-aldehyde condensates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L61/00—Compositions of condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L61/04—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with phenols only
- C08L61/06—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with phenols only of aldehydes with phenols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/54—Polycondensates of aldehydes
- C08G18/542—Polycondensates of aldehydes with phenols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G8/00—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with phenols only
- C08G8/28—Chemically modified polycondensates
- C08G8/32—Chemically modified polycondensates by organic acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. fatty oils
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G8/00—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with phenols only
- C08G8/28—Chemically modified polycondensates
- C08G8/36—Chemically modified polycondensates by etherifying
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/02—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques
- C08J3/03—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques in aqueous media
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/02—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques
- C08J3/09—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques in organic liquids
- C08J3/091—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques in organic liquids characterised by the chemical constitution of the organic liquid
- C08J3/095—Oxygen containing compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/0061—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof characterized by the use of several polymeric components
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L75/00—Compositions of polyureas or polyurethanes; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L75/04—Polyurethanes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D175/00—Coating compositions based on polyureas or polyurethanes; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D175/04—Polyurethanes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J175/00—Adhesives based on polyureas or polyurethanes; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09J175/04—Polyurethanes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2101/00—Manufacture of cellular products
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2361/00—Characterised by the use of condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2361/04—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with phenols only
- C08J2361/06—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with phenols only of aldehydes with phenols
- C08J2361/08—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with phenols only of aldehydes with phenols with monohydric phenols
- C08J2361/10—Phenol-formaldehyde condensates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2201/00—Properties
- C08L2201/02—Flame or fire retardant/resistant
Definitions
- the invention relates to a composition containing a novolak and water.
- Novolaks are well known from the prior art. Thus they are produced by the condensation reaction of phenolic compounds such as phenol, cresols, xylenols, bisphenols, resorcinol, catechol, hydroquinone and / or naphthols and the like, including mixtures thereof with aldehydes such as e.g. B. formaldehyde or acetaldehyde in a ratio of 1: 0.2 to 1: 0.91 using an acidic catalyst. Depending on the reaction conditions and the catalyst, novolaks are formed with different numbers of linked phenol nuclei and with different isomer mixtures that influence the properties of the product.
- phenolic compounds such as phenol, cresols, xylenols, bisphenols, resorcinol, catechol, hydroquinone and / or naphthols and the like, including mixtures thereof with aldehydes such as e.g. B. formaldehyde or acetaldehy
- Novolaks are generally solid products with a softening point of 30 ° C. to 160 ° C. and a molecular mass M n of 220 to 1200 g / mol. According to their properties, novolaks are used for a wide variety of applications such as coatings, adhesives, abrasives, laminates, casting resins, friction materials, pressed materials, refractory materials and wood composites.
- the application is subject to limits due to the softening point of the novolak and the viscosity present.
- the processing of hot resin melts usually entails a complex process management in which, in particular, occupational safety requirements must be taken into account, so that the use of novolak melts is ultimately restricted.
- coupling agents and protective colloids is disadvantageous for many applications of aqueous novolak systems, since they can interfere with further processing.
- many additives with surface-active effects cause poor wetting of substrates or prevent optimal foaming of the composition with the addition of crosslinkers (e.g. diisocyanates, polyisocyanates, epoxy resins, phenol resols) and blowing agents (e.g. pentane, isopentane).
- crosslinkers e.g. diisocyanates, polyisocyanates, epoxy resins, phenol resols
- blowing agents e.g. pentane, isopentane
- the novolak used for the composition according to the invention has a percentage of the ortho linkages of the phenol nuclei of the novolak which is higher than that of the para linkages. As a rule, these novolaks are called "high-ortho-novolaks", in which the ortho content is between 50 and 100%.
- high-ortho-novolaks in which the ortho content is between 50 and 100%.
- the ortho component is now calculated from the normalized o, o'-BPF content plus half of the normalized o, p-BPF content.
- the para-proportion corresponds to the normalized p, p'-BPF content plus half of the normalized o, p-BPF content.
- ortho-novolaks are obtained, for example, when the condensation reaction is carried out under weakly acidic conditions (pH 3 to 7) in the presence of doubly charged metal cations.
- the proportion of ortho substitution increases when using metal hydroxides of the first and second main group in the following series: K ⁇ Na ⁇ Li ⁇ Ba ⁇ Sr ⁇ Ca ⁇ Mg.
- the effect is more pronounced with ions of the transition metals Fe, Cu, Cr, Ni, Co, Mn and Zn.
- Boric acid also shows a strong ortho-directing effect due to its ability to form complexes.
- the condensation reaction for producing the novolak used for the composition according to the invention takes place between a phenolic compound and an aldehyde in a molar ratio of 1: 0.2 to 1: 0.45.
- the phenolic compound is selected from phenol, cresol, xylenol, bisphenol, resorcinol, catechol, hydroquinone, naphthol and the like, including mixtures thereof.
- the aldehyde used is aqueous formaldehyde, paraformaldehyde and / or trioxane.
- the most common starting materials are phenol and aqueous formaldehyde. These starting materials are mostly chosen because of their good reactivity, availability and low cost.
- a novolak is used for the production of the composition according to the invention, in the production of which a molar ratio of the phenolic compound to the aldehyde is 1: 0.2 to 1: 0.45, preferably 1: 0.25 to 1: 0.4 , is chosen.
- This ratio leads to a low molecular weight novolak (M n of 210-400 g / mol (determined by GPC and vapor pressure osmometry), which is usually a sticky mass.
- the composition according to the invention contains 2 to 20% by weight of water based on the weight of the sum of novolak and water. If the water content is lower ( ⁇ 2% by weight), there is not a sufficient amount of liquid to dissolve the novolak and to achieve a reduced processing viscosity. With proportions greater than 20% by weight of water, the water settles on the novolak at the desired processing temperatures.
- a water content of 2 to 15% by weight is particularly preferred, in which a largely miscible and storage-stable composition is obtained, with 2 to 9% by weight of water again being preferred, which results in an optimal composition with regard to miscibility and storage stability.
- composition according to the invention can contain further components as further additives, for example ammonium borates, ammonium phosphates, ammonium sulfate, organophosphorus substances, zinc borate, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide would be conceivable as flame retardants.
- one or more solvents e.g. 1-10% by weight based on all components of the composition according to the invention
- the viscosity can be influenced over a broad spectrum as a function of the temperature, which considerably expands the scope of the composition according to the invention.
- a positive influence of the solvent and its amount on the storage stability of the composition was observed.
- the solvent is selected from, for example, triethyl phosphate; Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCPP); Benzyl alcohol; dibasic esters of acids such as diethyl adipate, dimethyl adipate, diethyl succinate or dimethyl succinate; Ethylene glycol; Diethylene glycol and other diols or glycol ethers and / or mixtures thereof.
- the use of diethylene glycol is particularly preferred because both the viscosity of the composition according to the invention at low temperatures and the storage stability over a relatively long period (4 months) were at the desired high level.
- the solvent can be added to the novolak, to the novolak / water mixture or to the water.
- the phenol and the catalyst are intimately mixed, for example in an amount of 0.15-1% based on the phenolic component.
- the formaldehyde is added in portions or continuously over a specified period of time at a temperature of 70 to 110.degree. C. in the specified ratio to the phenol.
- the reaction generates heat, so cooling is often required.
- the mixture is heated to complete the reaction of the two components.
- the reaction mixture is partially dehydrated under heat and vacuum and a further condensation takes place at approx. 130 ° C. for 1-3 h in order to isolate the o-novolak in the desired composition.
- the o-novolak produced in this way is a sticky solid at room temperature with a molar mass M n of 210 to 400 g / mol.
- composition according to the invention is produced in such a way that either the o-novolak is admixed with water with stirring immediately after its production between 80 and 100 ° C., preferably 90 ° C.
- composition of the invention can be used for many applications.
- a storage-stable in a temperature range from 20 to 80 ° C ie, im Aqueous novolak composition which does not tend to crystallize or phase separation and which has a corresponding viscosity are overcome in terms of processing technology.
- the composition according to the invention can be used directly and without additional distillation expenditure for the production of novolak polyols.
- These are produced by reacting the composition according to the invention with, for example, alkylene oxides, such as, for example, ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide and / or butylene oxide, and / or alkylene carbonates, such as, for example, ethylene carbonate and / or propylene carbonate and / or butylene carbonate and / or mixtures thereof.
- alkylene oxides such as, for example, ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide and / or butylene oxide
- alkylene carbonates such as, for example, ethylene carbonate and / or propylene carbonate and / or butylene carbonate and / or mixtures thereof.
- alkoxylating agents are also conceivable.
- composition according to the invention for the production of novolak polyols has the advantage that the water contained in the composition according to the invention also reacts in the alkoxylation reaction to form polyether diols, whereby the viscosity of the novolak polyol produced is advantageously reduced.
- the areas of application of these novolak polyols can be varied.
- polyurethane and phenolic resin foam applications are mentioned here by way of example.
- composition according to the invention per se and also already processed further as a novolak polyol, for example as a polyol component with di- or poly-isocyanates, can be used to produce polyurethanes or polyisocyanurate-based polymers.
- a novolak polyol for example as a polyol component with di- or poly-isocyanates
- polyurethanes or polyisocyanurate-based polymers can be used to produce polyurethanes or polyisocyanurate-based polymers.
- the composition according to the invention Due to the storage stability of the composition according to the invention, it can be made available for production as required. At the same time, storage and transport temperatures as well as a process control between 100 and 150 ° C - as has been customary with pure novolaks up to now - can be dispensed with, since the novolak component is melted by the use of an easily metered and pumpable aqueous novolak composition for e.g. B. 60 ° C is no longer required. This simplifies the handling and conduct of the reaction, which also significantly reduced problems with regard to health and environmental protection.
- the polyurethane materials produced by means of the composition according to the invention can be in the form of, for. B. prepolymers, foams (solid, flexible), coatings, varnishes, elastomers, adhesives, sealants and / or composite materials can be used. It is particularly advantageous if the composition according to the invention is used for the production of polyurethane foams, since the water contained in the composition according to the invention reacts with the isocyanate and carbon dioxide is released as a blowing agent, which means that the addition of further blowing agents can be dispensed with.
- composition according to the invention can generally be used for the production of coatings, lacquers, adhesives, insulating materials, grinding materials, shaped products, binders, laminates and / or refractory materials.
- the o-novolak-water mixtures were prepared in accordance with regulation b) using the amounts of water given in Tables 1 and 2.
- the viscosities were measured according to the plate cone method (ISO 2884-1).
- the molar mass was determined by means of gel permeation chromatography (GPC - commercially available, separating column set: 6 pieces in a row, column filling: cross-linked polystyrene, eluent: THF, detector: UV 280 nm, calibration substance: phenol novolak). Tab.
- Table 3 shows that the viscosity of the compositions according to the invention mixed with appropriate solvents (VII-XIV) are at the desired level, but at the same time, depending on the type and concentration of the solvent and the storage temperature, may also have a surprisingly satisfactory storage stability.
- Diethylene glycol appears to be the best solvent here, as shown in Table 3. Due to the consistency of the samples, a quantitative analysis of separated fractions was not possible, so that the degree of crystallization (measure of storage stability) was determined by visual comparison of the samples with one another.
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Abstract
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Zusammensetzung enthaltend einen Novolak und Wasser.Um Novolake in einer flüssigen Aufbereitung bereitzustellen, die aufgrund ihrer Viskosität eine unkomplizierte Verarbeitung bei Temperaturen < 100 °C ermöglichen, wird eine Zusammensetzung vorgeschlagen, die einen Novolak und Wasser enthält, wobeia) der prozentuale Anteil der ortho-Verknüpfungen der Phenolkerne des Novolaks größer ist als die der para-Verknüpfungen undb) der Novolak hergestellt ist aus einer phenolischen Verbindung und einem Aldehyd in einem molaren Verhältnis von 1 : 0,2 bis 1: 0,45 undc) die Zusammensetzung 2 bis 20 Gew.% Wasser bezogen auf das Gewicht der Summe aus Novolak und Wasser enthält.The invention relates to a composition containing a novolak and water. In order to provide novolaks in a liquid preparation which, due to their viscosity, allow uncomplicated processing at temperatures <100 ° C, a composition is proposed which contains a novolak and water, wherebyia) the percentage of ortho linkages of the phenolic nuclei of the novolak is greater than that of the para linkages and b) the novolak is made from a phenolic compound and an aldehyde in a molar ratio of 1: 0.2 to 1: 0.45 and c) the composition contains 2 to 20% by weight of water based on the weight of the sum of novolak and water.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Zusammensetzung enthaltend einen Novolak und Wasser.The invention relates to a composition containing a novolak and water.
Novolake sind aus dem Stand der Technik hinlänglich bekannt. So werden sie hergestellt durch Kondensationsreaktion von phenolischen Verbindungen wie z.B. Phenol, Kresolen, Xylenolen, Bisphenolen, Resorcin, Brenzcatechin, Hydrochinon und/oder Naphtholen und dergleichen, einschließlich Mischungen derselben mit Aldehyden, wie z. B. Formaldehyd oder Acetaldehyd in einem Verhältnis 1:0,2 bis 1:0,91 unter Verwendung eines sauren Katalysators. Je nach Reaktionsbedingungen und Katalysator entstehen Novolake mit unterschiedlicher Anzahl an verknüpften Phenolkernen sowie mit verschiedenen Isomerengemischen, die Einfluss auf die Eigenschaften des Produktes haben.Novolaks are well known from the prior art. Thus they are produced by the condensation reaction of phenolic compounds such as phenol, cresols, xylenols, bisphenols, resorcinol, catechol, hydroquinone and / or naphthols and the like, including mixtures thereof with aldehydes such as e.g. B. formaldehyde or acetaldehyde in a ratio of 1: 0.2 to 1: 0.91 using an acidic catalyst. Depending on the reaction conditions and the catalyst, novolaks are formed with different numbers of linked phenol nuclei and with different isomer mixtures that influence the properties of the product.
Novolake sind im allgemeinen feste Produkte mit einem Erweichungspunkt von 30 °C bis 160 °C und einer Molekularmasse Mn von 220 bis 1200 g/mol. Entsprechend ihren Eigenschaften werden Novolake für unterschiedlichste Anwendungen wie z.B. Beschichtungen, Klebstoffe, Schleifmittel, Laminate, Gießharze, Friktionsmaterialien, Pressmaterialien, feuerfeste Materialien und Holzverbundstoffe eingesetzt.Novolaks are generally solid products with a softening point of 30 ° C. to 160 ° C. and a molecular mass M n of 220 to 1200 g / mol. According to their properties, novolaks are used for a wide variety of applications such as coatings, adhesives, abrasives, laminates, casting resins, friction materials, pressed materials, refractory materials and wood composites.
Besteht allerdings die Anforderung, den Novolak in flüssigem Zustand einzusetzen, sind der Anwendung aufgrund des Erweichungspunktes des Novolaks und der vorliegenden Viskosität Grenzen gesetzt. So bringt die Verarbeitung von heißen Harzschmelzen in der Regel eine aufwendige Prozessführung, bei der insbesondere arbeitsschutztechnische Anforderungen berücksichtigt werden müssen, mit sich, so dass die Verwendung von Novolakenschmelzen letztendlich eingeschränkt ist.However, if there is a requirement to use the novolak in a liquid state, the application is subject to limits due to the softening point of the novolak and the viscosity present. The processing of hot resin melts, for example, usually entails a complex process management in which, in particular, occupational safety requirements must be taken into account, so that the use of novolak melts is ultimately restricted.
In der Vergangenheit gab es Bestrebungen, dieses Problem durch die Zugabe von Novolak in Form von Emulsionen oder Dispersionen zuzugeben. So ist aus der
Weiterhin beschreibt die
In der
Allerdings ist aber der Zusatz von Kupplungsmittel und Schutzkolloiden für viele Anwendungen von wässrigen Novolaksystemen nachteilig, da sie in weiteren Verarbeitungsprozessen stören können. So bewirken viele Additive mit oberflächenaktiver Wirkung z.B. eine schlechte Benetzung von Substraten oder verhindern eine optimale Aufschäumung der Zusammensetzung unter Zusatz von Vernetzern (z.B. Diisocyanaten, Polyisocyanaten, Epoxidharzen, Phenolresolen) und Treibmitteln (z.B. Pentan, Isopentan).However, the addition of coupling agents and protective colloids is disadvantageous for many applications of aqueous novolak systems, since they can interfere with further processing. For example, many additives with surface-active effects cause poor wetting of substrates or prevent optimal foaming of the composition with the addition of crosslinkers (e.g. diisocyanates, polyisocyanates, epoxy resins, phenol resols) and blowing agents (e.g. pentane, isopentane).
Es ist daher Aufgabe der hier vorliegenden Erfindung, Novolake in einer flüssigen Aufbereitung bereitzustellen, die aufgrund ihrer Viskosität eine unkomplizierte Verarbeitung bei Temperaturen < 100 °C ermöglichen.It is therefore the object of the present invention to provide novolaks in a liquid preparation which, due to their viscosity, allow uncomplicated processing at temperatures <100 ° C.
Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe erfindungsgemäß durch eine Zusammensetzung enthaltend einen Novolak und Wasser, wobei
- a) der prozentuale Anteil der ortho-Verknüpfungen der Phenolkerne des Novolaks größer ist als die der para-Verknüpfungen und
- b) der Novolak hergestellt ist aus einer phenolischen Verbindung und einem Aldehyd in einem molaren Verhältnis von 1 : 0,2 bis 1 : 0,45 und
- c) die Zusammensetzung 2 bis 20 Gew.% Wasser bezogen auf das Gewicht der Summe aus Novolak und Wasser enthält.
- a) the percentage of ortho linkages of the phenolic nuclei of the novolak is greater than that of the para links and
- b) the novolak is made from a phenolic compound and an aldehyde in a molar ratio of 1: 0.2 to 1: 0.45 and
- c) the composition contains 2 to 20% by weight of water based on the weight of the sum of novolak and water.
Es war überraschend festzustellen, dass eine solche Zusammensetzung bei Temperaturen < 100 °C eine Viskosität von ca. 1000-5000 mPa*s (bei 60 °C) aufweist, die für viele Anwendungsgebiete geeignet ist, wobei auf den Zusatz von stabilisierenden Substanzen, wie z.B. Schutzkolloide, verzichtet werden kann. Besonders unerwartet war, dass die Zusammensetzung in Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur fast nahezu eine homogene und - besonders überraschend - eine lagerstabile Lösung bei Temperaturen zwischen 20 °C und 60 °C ist, die im Wesentlichen nicht zur Kristallisation oder Phasentrennung neigt. Durch die Bereitstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Zusammensetzung kann der Anwendungsbereich flüssiger Novolak-enthaltender wässriger Systeme bedeutend erweitert werden.It was surprising to find that such a composition has a viscosity of approx. 1000-5000 mPa * s (at 60 ° C.) at temperatures <100 ° C., which is suitable for many areas of application is suitable, the addition of stabilizing substances, such as protective colloids, can be dispensed with. It was particularly unexpected that, depending on the temperature, the composition is almost almost a homogeneous and - particularly surprisingly - a storage-stable solution at temperatures between 20 ° C. and 60 ° C. which essentially does not tend to crystallize or phase separate. By providing the composition according to the invention, the field of application of liquid novolak-containing aqueous systems can be expanded significantly.
Der für die erfindungsgemäße Zusammensetzung verwendete Novolak weist einen prozentualen Anteil der ortho-Verknüpfungen der Phenolkerne des Novolaks auf, der höher ist als die der para-Verknüpfungen. In der Regel werden diese Novolake "high-ortho-Novolake" genannt, bei denen der ortho-Anteil zwischen 50 und 100 % beträgt.
Am Beispiel eines Phenol-Novolaks soll die Ermittlung des ortho-Anteils über die quantitative Untersuchung der Bisphenol F (BPF) Isomere näher erläutert werden:
Für die Ermittlung des ortho-Anteils einer Novolakes wird der Gehalt der drei Bisphenol F Isomere per HPLC bestimmt. Die einzelnen Gehalte werden auf 100 % normalisiert, so dass die Summe aller drei Isomeren 100 % beträgt. Der ortho-Anteil errechnet sich nun aus dem normalisierten o,o'-BPF Gehalt plus der Hälfte des normalisierten o,p-BPF Gehaltes. Der para-Anteil entsprechend aus dem normalisierten p,p'-BPF Gehalt plus der Hälfte des normalisierten o,p-BPF Gehaltes.The novolak used for the composition according to the invention has a percentage of the ortho linkages of the phenol nuclei of the novolak which is higher than that of the para linkages. As a rule, these novolaks are called "high-ortho-novolaks", in which the ortho content is between 50 and 100%.
Using the example of a phenol novolak, the determination of the ortho component through the quantitative analysis of the bisphenol F (BPF) isomers will be explained in more detail:
To determine the ortho content of a novolak, the content of the three bisphenol F isomers is determined by HPLC. The individual contents are normalized to 100% so that the sum of all three isomers is 100%. The ortho component is now calculated from the normalized o, o'-BPF content plus half of the normalized o, p-BPF content. The para-proportion corresponds to the normalized p, p'-BPF content plus half of the normalized o, p-BPF content.
Diese ortho-Novolake werden z.B. erhalten, wenn die Kondensationsreaktion unter schwach sauren Bedingungen (pH 3 bis 7) in Gegenwart zweifach geladener Metallkationen durchgeführt wird. Der Anteil der ortho-Substitution steigt bei Verwendung von Metallhydroxiden der ersten und zweiten Hauptgruppe in folgender Reihe: K < Na < Li < Ba < Sr < Ca < Mg. Ausgeprägter ist der Effekt mit Ionen der Übergangsmetalle Fe, Cu, Cr, Ni, Co, Mn und Zn. Je größer die Neigung des Metallions zur Bildung von stabilen Chelat-Komplexen ist, desto größer ist auch der Grad an ortho-Substitution. Auch Borsäure zeigt aufgrund der Fähigkeit zur Komplexbildung einen stark ortho-dirigierenden Effekt. Üblicherweise werden Ca, Mg, Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu, Co, Ni -Salze der Essigsäure als Katalysator zur Herstellung von ortho-Novolaken verwendet. Diese ortho-kondensierten Novolake weisen u.a. eine erhöhte Reaktivität gegenüber Hexamethylentetramin auf.These ortho-novolaks are obtained, for example, when the condensation reaction is carried out under weakly acidic conditions (pH 3 to 7) in the presence of doubly charged metal cations. The proportion of ortho substitution increases when using metal hydroxides of the first and second main group in the following series: K <Na <Li <Ba <Sr <Ca <Mg. The effect is more pronounced with ions of the transition metals Fe, Cu, Cr, Ni, Co, Mn and Zn. The greater the tendency of the metal ion to form stable chelate complexes, the greater the degree of ortho substitution. Boric acid also shows a strong ortho-directing effect due to its ability to form complexes. Usually Ca, Mg, Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu, Co, Ni salts of acetic acid are used as a catalyst for the production of ortho-novolaks. These ortho-condensed novolaks show, among other things, an increased reactivity towards hexamethylenetetramine.
Verfahren zur Herstellung von ortho-Novolaken sind aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt. So beschreibt die
Eine andere Variante zur Bereitstellung von Novolaken mit hohem ortho-Anteil ist in der
Die Kondensationsreaktion zur Herstellung des für die erfindungsgemäße Zusammensetzung verwendeten Novolak findet zwischen einer phenolischen Verbindung und einem Aldehyd in einem molaren Verhältnis von 1 : 0,2 bis 1: 0,45 statt. Im Allgemeinen wird die phenolische Verbindung ausgewählt aus Phenol, Kresol, Xylenol, Bisphenol, Resorcin, Brenzcatechin, Hydrochinon, Naphthol und dergleichen, einschließlich Mischungen derselben. In der Regel wird als Aldehyd wässriges Formaldehyd, Paraformaldehyd und/oder Trioxan verwendet.The condensation reaction for producing the novolak used for the composition according to the invention takes place between a phenolic compound and an aldehyde in a molar ratio of 1: 0.2 to 1: 0.45. In general, the phenolic compound is selected from phenol, cresol, xylenol, bisphenol, resorcinol, catechol, hydroquinone, naphthol and the like, including mixtures thereof. As a rule, the aldehyde used is aqueous formaldehyde, paraformaldehyde and / or trioxane.
Die gebräuchlichsten Ausgangsmaterialien sind Phenol und wässriges Formaldehyd. Diese Ausgangsmaterialien werden meist wegen ihrer guten Reaktionsfähigkeit, der Verfügbarkeit und der geringen Kosten ausgewählt.The most common starting materials are phenol and aqueous formaldehyde. These starting materials are mostly chosen because of their good reactivity, availability and low cost.
Wie bereits erwähnt, wird für die Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Zusammensetzung ein Novolak verwendet, bei dessen Herstellung ein molares Verhältnis der phenolischen Verbindung zum Aldehyd 1 : 0,2 bis 1 : 0,45, bevorzugt 1 : 0,25 bis 1: 0,4, gewählt wird. Dieses Verhältnis führt zu einem niedermolekularen Novolak (Mn von 210 - 400 g/mol (ermittelt per GPC und Dampfdruckosmometrie), der in seiner Eigenschaft meist eine klebrige Masse darstellt. Werden höhere Anteile an Aldehyd verwendet, wird die Viskosität des erhaltenen Novolaks zu hoch und die Wasserverträglichkeit reduziert, so dass keine weitgehend homogene und lagerstabile Mischung erhalten wird, wobei jedes für sich genommen, nachteilig für die weitere Verarbeitung ist.As already mentioned, a novolak is used for the production of the composition according to the invention, in the production of which a molar ratio of the phenolic compound to the aldehyde is 1: 0.2 to 1: 0.45, preferably 1: 0.25 to 1: 0.4 , is chosen. This ratio leads to a low molecular weight novolak (M n of 210-400 g / mol (determined by GPC and vapor pressure osmometry), which is usually a sticky mass. If higher proportions of aldehyde are used, the viscosity of the novolak obtained becomes too high and the water compatibility is reduced, so that a largely homogeneous and storage-stable mixture is not obtained, each of which, taken individually, is disadvantageous for further processing.
Des Weiteren enthält die erfindungsgemäße Zusammensetzung 2 bis 20 Gew.% Wasser bezogen auf das Gewicht der Summe aus Novolak und Wasser. Bei geringeren Wasseranteilen (< 2 Gew.%) ist keine ausreichende Flüssigkeitsmenge vorhanden, um den Novolak in Lösung zu bringen und eine reduzierte Verarbeitungsviskosität zu erzielen. Bei Anteilen größer 20 Gew.% Wasser setzt sich das Wasser über den Novolak bei den gewünschten Verarbeitungstemperaturen ab. Besonders bevorzugt ist ein Wasseranteil von 2 bis 15 Gew.%, bei dem eine weitgehend mischbare und lagerstabile Zusammensetzung erhalten wird, wobei wiederum 2 bis 9 Gew.% Wasser bevorzugt ist, die ein optimale Zusammensetzung hinsichtlich Mischbarkeit und Lagerstabilität ergibt.Furthermore, the composition according to the invention contains 2 to 20% by weight of water based on the weight of the sum of novolak and water. If the water content is lower (<2% by weight), there is not a sufficient amount of liquid to dissolve the novolak and to achieve a reduced processing viscosity. With proportions greater than 20% by weight of water, the water settles on the novolak at the desired processing temperatures. A water content of 2 to 15% by weight is particularly preferred, in which a largely miscible and storage-stable composition is obtained, with 2 to 9% by weight of water again being preferred, which results in an optimal composition with regard to miscibility and storage stability.
Überraschend bei der Verwendung der angegebenen Wassermengen ist, dass die Zugabe eines Schutzkolloides (wie z.B. hochmolekulare Substanzen, wie z.B. Polysaccharide, Proteine, Polyacrylate), das ein Zusammenklumpen fester Partikel in einer flüssigen homogenen Phase vermeiden soll, nicht erforderlich ist. Insbesondere bei höheren Wasseranteilen (> ca. 10 Gew.%) war dies nicht zu erwarten, was auf die Verwendung des speziellen Novolaks in der erfindungsgemäßen Zusammensetzung, zurückzuführen ist.When using the specified amounts of water, it is surprising that the addition of a protective colloid (such as high molecular weight substances such as polysaccharides, proteins, polyacrylates), which is intended to prevent solid particles from clumping together in a liquid homogeneous phase, is not necessary. This was not to be expected in particular with higher proportions of water (> approx. 10% by weight), which can be attributed to the use of the special novolak in the composition according to the invention.
Als weitere Zusatzstoffe kann die erfindungsgemäße Zusammensetzung weitere Komponenten enthalten, beispielweise wären Ammoniumborate, Ammoniumphosphate, Ammoniumsulfat, Organophosphor-Substanzen, Zinkborat, Aluminiumhydroxid, Magnesiumhydroxid als Flammschutzmittel denkbar.The composition according to the invention can contain further components as further additives, for example ammonium borates, ammonium phosphates, ammonium sulfate, organophosphorus substances, zinc borate, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide would be conceivable as flame retardants.
Insbesondere ist es von Vorteil, der erfindungsgemäßen Zusammensetzung als weitere Komponente ein oder mehrere Lösungsmittel (z.B. 1-10 Gew. % bezogen auf alle Komponenten der erfindungsgemäßen Zusammensetzung) zuzusetzen, wodurch die Viskosität über ein breites Spektrum in Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur beeinflusst werden kann, was den Anwendungsbereich der erfindungsgemäßen Zusammensetzung erheblich erweitert. Gleichzeitig wurde ein positiver Einfluss des Lösungsmittels und dessen Menge auf die Lagerstabilität der Zusammensetzung beobachtet. Besonders bevorzugt ist, wenn das Lösungsmittel ausgewählt ist aus z.B. Triethylphosphat; Tris(2-chlorisopropyl)phosphat (TCPP); Benzylalkohol; dibasische Ester von Säuren wie Diethyladipat, Dimethyladipat, Diethylsuccinat oder Dimethylsuccinat; Ethylenglykol; Diethylenglykol und weiteren Diolen oder Glykolethern und/oder Mischungen hieraus. Besonders bevorzugt ist die Verwendung von Diethylenglykol, weil sowohl die Viskosität der erfindungsgemäßen Zusammensetzung bereits bei niedrigen Temperaturen als auch die Lagerstabilität über einen längeren Zeitraum (4 Monate) auf dem gewünschten hohen Niveau lagen. Die Zugabe des Lösungsmittels kann zum Novolak, zum Novolak/Wasser-Gemisch oder auch zum Wasser erfolgen.In particular, it is advantageous to add one or more solvents (e.g. 1-10% by weight based on all components of the composition according to the invention) to the composition according to the invention as a further component, whereby the viscosity can be influenced over a broad spectrum as a function of the temperature, which considerably expands the scope of the composition according to the invention. At the same time, a positive influence of the solvent and its amount on the storage stability of the composition was observed. It is particularly preferred if the solvent is selected from, for example, triethyl phosphate; Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCPP); Benzyl alcohol; dibasic esters of acids such as diethyl adipate, dimethyl adipate, diethyl succinate or dimethyl succinate; Ethylene glycol; Diethylene glycol and other diols or glycol ethers and / or mixtures thereof. The use of diethylene glycol is particularly preferred because both the viscosity of the composition according to the invention at low temperatures and the storage stability over a relatively long period (4 months) were at the desired high level. The solvent can be added to the novolak, to the novolak / water mixture or to the water.
Die erfindungsgemäße Zusammensetzung enthaltend einen Novolak und Wasser kann durch ein Verfahren folgende Schritte enthaltend, hergestellt werden:
- a) Herstellung eines Novolaks bei dem der prozentuale Anteil der ortho-Verknüpfungen der Phenolkerne größer ist als die der para-Verknüpfung durch Kondensation einer phenolischen Verbindung und einem Aldehyd in einem Verhältnis 1 : 0,2 bis 1: 0,45
- b) Vermischen des unter a) hergestellten Kondensates mit 2 bis 20 Gew.% Wasser bezogen auf das Gewicht der Summe aus Novolak und Wasser bei Temperaturen zwischen 80 und 100 °C zur Herstellung der Zusammensetzung.
- a) Production of a novolak in which the percentage of ortho linkages of the phenol nuclei is greater than that of the para linkage by condensation of a phenolic compound and an aldehyde in a ratio of 1: 0.2 to 1: 0.45
- b) Mixing the condensate produced under a) with 2 to 20% by weight of water based on the weight of the sum of novolak and water at temperatures between 80 and 100 ° C. to produce the composition.
In einem typischen Verfahren zur Herstellung eines herkömmlichen o-Novolaks werden das Phenol und der Katalysator (z.B. Zinkacetat) z.B. in einer Menge von 0,15 - 1 % bezogen auf phenolische Komponente innig gemischt. Der Formaldehyd wird im angegebenen Verhältnis zum Phenol portionsweise oder kontinuierlich über einen festgelegten Zeitraum bei einer Temperatur von 70 bis 110 °C hinzugegeben. Die Umsetzung erzeugt Wärme, so ist oftmals Kühlen erforderlich. Sobald die anfängliche Exothermie abgeschlossen ist, wird das Gemisch erwärmt, um die Umsetzung der beiden Komponenten zu vervollständigen. Das Reaktionsgemisch wird unter Wärme und Vakuum teilentwässert und es erfolgt eine weitere Kondensation bei ca. 130 °C für 1-3 h, um den o-Novolak in der gewünschten Zusammensetzung zu isolieren. Der so hergestellte o-Novolak ist bei Raumtemperatur ein klebriger Feststoff mit einer molaren Masse Mn von 210 bis 400 g/mol.In a typical process for producing a conventional o-novolak, the phenol and the catalyst (eg zinc acetate) are intimately mixed, for example in an amount of 0.15-1% based on the phenolic component. The formaldehyde is added in portions or continuously over a specified period of time at a temperature of 70 to 110.degree. C. in the specified ratio to the phenol. The reaction generates heat, so cooling is often required. Once the initial exotherm is over, the mixture is heated to complete the reaction of the two components. The reaction mixture is partially dehydrated under heat and vacuum and a further condensation takes place at approx. 130 ° C. for 1-3 h in order to isolate the o-novolak in the desired composition. The o-novolak produced in this way is a sticky solid at room temperature with a molar mass M n of 210 to 400 g / mol.
Die Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Zusammensetzung erfolgt in der Art, dass entweder der o-Novolak sofort nach dessen Herstellung zwischen 80 und 100 °C, bevorzugt 90 °C, mit Wasser unter Rühren versetzt wird. Es ist aber auch möglich den o-Novolak nach der Herstellung zu lagern und bedarfsgerecht zur Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Zusammensetzung aufzuschmelzen und unter Rühren die erforderliche Menge Wasser (2 bis 20 Gew.% bezogen auf das Gewicht der Summe aus Novolak und Wasser) zuzutropfen.The composition according to the invention is produced in such a way that either the o-novolak is admixed with water with stirring immediately after its production between 80 and 100 ° C., preferably 90 ° C. However, it is also possible to store the o-novolak after production and to melt it as required to produce the composition according to the invention and to add dropwise the required amount of water (2 to 20% by weight based on the weight of the sum of novolak and water) with stirring.
Die Zugabe weiterer Komponenten, wie z.B. Lösungsmittel oder Flammschutzmittel kann zum Novolak, zum Novolak/Wasser-Gemisch oder auch zum Wasser erfolgen.Additional components such as solvents or flame retardants can be added to the novolak, to the novolak / water mixture or to the water.
Die erfindungsgemäße Zusammensetzung kann für viele Anwendungen verwendet werden. Durch die Bereitstellung einer in einem Temperaturbereich von 20 bis 80 °C lagerstabilen, d.h., im Wesentlichen nicht zur Kristallisation oder Phasentrennung neigende, und eine entsprechende Viskosität aufweisende wässrige Novolakzusammensetzung, werden verarbeitungstechnische Schranken überwunden.The composition of the invention can be used for many applications. By providing a storage-stable in a temperature range from 20 to 80 ° C, ie, im Aqueous novolak composition which does not tend to crystallize or phase separation and which has a corresponding viscosity are overcome in terms of processing technology.
Beispielsweise kann die erfindungsgemäße Zusammensetzung direkt und ohne zusätzlichen Destillationsaufwand zur Herstellung von Novolak-Poiyolen verwendet werden. Diese werden durch Umsetzung der erfindungsgemäßen Zusammensetzung mit z.B. Alkylenoxiden, wie z.B. Ethylenoxid und/oder Propylenoxid und/oder Butylenoxid, und/oder Alkylencarbonaten, wie z.B. Ethylencarbonat und/oder Propylencarbonat und/oder Butylencarbonat und/oder deren Mischungen, erzeugt. Denkbar sind aber auch andere Alkoxylierungsmittel. Die Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Zusammensetzung zur Herstellung von Novolak-Polyolen hat den Vorteil, dass das in der erfindungsgemäßen Zusammensetzung enthaltene Wasser bei der Alkoxylierungsreaktion zu Polyetherdiolen mitreagiert, wodurch die Viskosität des hergestellten Novolak-Polyols vorteilhaft reduziert wird.
Die Anwendungsbereiche dieser Novolak-Polyole können vielfältig sein. Insbesondere Polyurethan- und Phenolharz-Schaumanwendungen seien hier beispielhaft genannt.For example, the composition according to the invention can be used directly and without additional distillation expenditure for the production of novolak polyols. These are produced by reacting the composition according to the invention with, for example, alkylene oxides, such as, for example, ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide and / or butylene oxide, and / or alkylene carbonates, such as, for example, ethylene carbonate and / or propylene carbonate and / or butylene carbonate and / or mixtures thereof. However, other alkoxylating agents are also conceivable. The use of the composition according to the invention for the production of novolak polyols has the advantage that the water contained in the composition according to the invention also reacts in the alkoxylation reaction to form polyether diols, whereby the viscosity of the novolak polyol produced is advantageously reduced.
The areas of application of these novolak polyols can be varied. In particular, polyurethane and phenolic resin foam applications are mentioned here by way of example.
So kann die erfindungsgemäße Zusammensetzung an sich und auch bereits weiterverarbeitet als Novolak-Polyol beispielsweise als Polyolkomponente mit Di- oder Poly-Isocyanaten zur Herstellung von Polyurethanen oder Polyisocyanurat basierten Polymeren dienen. Durch die Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Zusammensetzung werden Polymere mit erhöhter Flammfestigkeit, erhöhter Dimensionsstabilität, mit verbessertem Schaumbildungsprofil und reduzierter Exothermie erhalten.Thus, the composition according to the invention per se and also already processed further as a novolak polyol, for example as a polyol component with di- or poly-isocyanates, can be used to produce polyurethanes or polyisocyanurate-based polymers. By using the composition according to the invention, polymers with increased flame resistance, increased dimensional stability, with an improved foam formation profile and reduced exothermicity are obtained.
Aufgrund der Lagerstabilität der erfindungsgemäßen Zusammensetzung kann sie der Produktion bedarfsgerecht zur Verfügung gestellt werden. Gleichzeitig kann auf Lager- und Transporttemperaturen sowie auf eine Prozessführung zwischen 100 und 150 °C - wie bei reinen Novolaken bisher üblich - verzichtet werden, da ein Aufschmelzen der Novolak-Komponente durch die Verwendung einer einfach dosierbaren und pumpfähigen wässrigen Novolakzusammensetzung bei z. B. 60 °C nicht mehr erforderlich ist. Damit wird die Handhabung und Reaktionsführung vereinfacht, wodurch auch Probleme hinsichtlich Gesundheits- und Umweltschutz deutlich reduziert werden konnten.Due to the storage stability of the composition according to the invention, it can be made available for production as required. At the same time, storage and transport temperatures as well as a process control between 100 and 150 ° C - as has been customary with pure novolaks up to now - can be dispensed with, since the novolak component is melted by the use of an easily metered and pumpable aqueous novolak composition for e.g. B. 60 ° C is no longer required. This simplifies the handling and conduct of the reaction, which also significantly reduced problems with regard to health and environmental protection.
Die mittels der erfindungsgemäßen Zusammensetzung hergestellten Polyurethanwerkstoffe können in Form von z. B. Präpolymeren, Schäumen (fest, flexibel), Beschichtungen, Lacken, Elastomeren, Klebstoffen, Dichtmitteln und/oder Kompositwerkstoffen verwendet werden. Besonders von Vorteil ist, wenn die erfindungsgemäße Zusammensetzung zur Herstellung von Polyurethanschäumen zum Einsatz kommt, da das in der erfindungsgemäßen Zusammensetzung enthaltene Wasser mit dem Isocyanat reagiert und Kohlendioxid als Treibmittel frei wird, wodurch auf die Zugabe weiterer Treibmittel verzichtet werden kann.The polyurethane materials produced by means of the composition according to the invention can be in the form of, for. B. prepolymers, foams (solid, flexible), coatings, varnishes, elastomers, adhesives, sealants and / or composite materials can be used. It is particularly advantageous if the composition according to the invention is used for the production of polyurethane foams, since the water contained in the composition according to the invention reacts with the isocyanate and carbon dioxide is released as a blowing agent, which means that the addition of further blowing agents can be dispensed with.
Aufgrund ihrer genannten Vorteile kann die erfindungsgemäße Zusammensetzung generell zur Herstellung von Beschichtungen, Lacken, Klebstoffen, Isolierstoffen, Schleifmaterialien, geformten Produkten, Bindemitteln, Laminaten und/oder feuerfesten Materialien verwendet werden.Because of the advantages mentioned, the composition according to the invention can generally be used for the production of coatings, lacquers, adhesives, insulating materials, grinding materials, shaped products, binders, laminates and / or refractory materials.
Anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels soll die Erfindung näher erläutert werden:
- a) Herstellung des o-Novolaks (Verhältnis Phenol : Formaldehyd = 1 : 0,36)
- 1. 179,72 kg Phenol werden als Feststoff in einen Reaktor gegeben und bei Temperaturen zwischen 55-65 °C aufgeschmolzen.
- 2. 0,27 kg Zinkacetat-Dihydrat werden in 1,03 kg Wasser gelöst und anschließend unter Rühren zugegeben. Die Reaktionsmischung wird auf 100 °C-110 °C aufgeheizt.
- 3. Danach werden 45,9 kg Formalin 45 % in 1 h bei 100 °C-110 °C zugegeben, woran sich eine Nachreaktion von 3 h unter Rückfluss anschließt.
- 4. Es schließt sich eine Destillation unter Normaldruck bis 130 °C an.
- 5. Es kann anschließend eine Haltephase von 2 h bei 130 °C erfolgen.
- 6. Das Phenoldestillat wird unter weiteren Destillationsschritten wiedergewonnen.
- 7. Zur Reduzierung des freien Phenolgehaltes (< 0,1 %) und Wassergehaltes (max. 0,1 %) wird das Produkt unter Wasserdampf und Vakuum bei Temperaturen zwischen 170 °C und 180 °C erneut der Destillation unterzogen.
Stoffdaten des o-Novolaks:- Viskosität Platte-Kegel bei 75 °C: 25600 mPa*s
- Viskosität Platte-Kegel bei 100 °C: 1040 mPa*s
- Wassergehalt nach Karl-Fischer: 0,13 %
- Molmasse (Mn) mittels GPC: 298 g/mol
- Molmasse (Mw) mittels GPC: 432 g/mol
- b) Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Zusammensetzung (o-Novolak/Wasser-Gemisch mit 5,3 Gew.% Wasser)
- 7. Bei 90 °C werden 5,3 kg Wasser 94,7 kg des unter a) hergestellten o-Novolaks 1 h lang zugesetzt.
- 8. Das Produkt wird auf 60 ° C abgekühlt und über einen Filter abgelassen.
Stoffdaten des o-Novolak-Wasser-Gemisches:- Viskosität Platte-Kegel bei 50 °C: 20160 mPa*s
- Viskosität Platte-Kegel bei 60 °C: 4960 mPa*s
- Viskosität Platte-Kegel bei 75 °C: 920 mPa*s
- Wassergehalt nach Karl-Fischer: 5,47 %
- Molmasse (Mn) mittels GPC: 298 g/mol
- Molmasse (Mw) mittels GPC: 432 g/mol
- a) Production of the o-novolak (ratio phenol: formaldehyde = 1: 0.36)
- 1. 179.72 kg of phenol are placed in a reactor as a solid and melted at temperatures between 55-65 ° C.
- 2. 0.27 kg of zinc acetate dihydrate are dissolved in 1.03 kg of water and then added with stirring. The reaction mixture is heated to 100.degree. C.-110.degree.
- 3. 45.9 kg of formalin 45% are then added in 1 h at 100 ° C.-110 ° C., which is followed by a post-reaction of 3 h under reflux.
- 4. This is followed by a distillation under normal pressure up to 130 ° C.
- 5. A holding phase of 2 hours at 130 ° C can then take place.
- 6. The phenol distillate is recovered with further distillation steps.
- 7. To reduce the free phenol content (<0.1%) and water content (max. 0.1%), the product is again subjected to distillation under steam and vacuum at temperatures between 170 ° C and 180 ° C.
Material data of the o-novolak:- Viscosity plate-cone at 75 ° C: 25600 mPa * s
- Viscosity plate-cone at 100 ° C: 1040 mPa * s
- Water content according to Karl Fischer: 0.13%
- Molar mass (M n ) using GPC: 298 g / mol
- Molar mass (M w ) using GPC: 432 g / mol
- b) Production of the composition according to the invention (o-novolak / water mixture with 5.3% by weight of water)
- 7. At 90 ° C., 5.3 kg of water are added to 94.7 kg of the o-novolak prepared under a) for 1 hour.
- 8. The product is cooled to 60 ° C and drained through a filter.
Material data of the o-novolak-water mixture:- Viscosity plate-cone at 50 ° C: 20160 mPa * s
- Viscosity plate-cone at 60 ° C: 4960 mPa * s
- Viscosity plate-cone at 75 ° C: 920 mPa * s
- Water content according to Karl Fischer: 5.47%
- Molar mass (M n ) using GPC: 298 g / mol
- Molar mass (M w ) using GPC: 432 g / mol
In den Tabellen 1 und 2 wurde der Einfluss unterschiedlicher Wassermengen auf die Eigenschaften der erfindungsgemäßen Zusammensetzung untersucht, wobei in Tabelle 1 der o-Novolak entsprechend Vorschrift a) (Verhältnis Phenol : Formaldehyd = 1 : 0,36) hergestellt wurde und in Tabelle 2 das Verhältnis Phenol : Formaldehyd = 1 : 0,3 gewählt wurde. Die o-Novolak-Wasser - Gemische wurden entsprechend Vorschrift b) unter Verwendung der in der Tabelle 1 und 2 angegebenen Wassermengen bereitgestellt.In Tables 1 and 2, the influence of different amounts of water on the properties of the composition according to the invention was examined, whereby in Table 1 the o-novolak was produced according to regulation a) (ratio of phenol: formaldehyde = 1: 0.36) and in Table 2 the Phenol: formaldehyde ratio = 1: 0.3 was chosen. The o-novolak-water mixtures were prepared in accordance with regulation b) using the amounts of water given in Tables 1 and 2.
Die Viskositäten wurden nach der Platte Kegel Methode (ISO 2884-1) gemessen.
Die molare Masse wurde mittels Gelpermeationschromatographie bestimmt (GPC - handelsüblich, Trennsäulensatz: 6 Stück in Reihe, Säulenfüllung: quervernetztes Polystyrol, Eluent: THF, Detektor: UV 280 nm, Kalibriersubstanz: Phenol-Novolak).
The molar mass was determined by means of gel permeation chromatography (GPC - commercially available, separating column set: 6 pieces in a row, column filling: cross-linked polystyrene, eluent: THF, detector: UV 280 nm, calibration substance: phenol novolak).
Werden beispielsweise die Viskositäten bei 60 °C der erfindungsgemäßen Zusammensetzungen (I) bis (VI) der Tabellen 1 und 2 mit dem reinen o-Novolak hergestellt in a) verglichen, so wird ersichtlich, dass bereits wenige Gewichtsprozent Wasser die Viskosität der erfindungsmäßen Zusammensetzungen in einem starken Maße senken.If, for example, the viscosities at 60 ° C. of the compositions (I) to (VI) according to the invention in Tables 1 and 2 are compared with the pure o-novolak produced in a), it can be seen that even a few percent by weight of water reduce the viscosity of the compositions according to the invention to a great extent.
Auch wurde festgestellt, dass bei 20 °C alle Zusammensetzungen (I) bis (VI) mind. 6 Monate stabil hinsichtlich ihres Kristallisationsverhaltens waren. Ebenso trat eine Wasserseparation nur sehr geringfügig auf, was die Einsatzfähigkeit und Handhabung der Zusammensetzungen nicht beeinträchtigte.It was also found that at 20 ° C. all compositions (I) to (VI) were stable for at least 6 months with regard to their crystallization behavior. Likewise, water separation occurred only very slightly, which did not impair the usability and handling of the compositions.
In der Tabelle 3 wurde der o-Novolak - wie unter a) dargestellt - hergestellt und mit 10 Gew.% Wasser sowie der angegebenen Menge (Gew.%) an entsprechendem Lösungsmittel bezogen auf das Gewicht der Summe aus Novolak, Wasser und Lösungsmittel (aller Komponenten) versetzt.
Gute, ausreichende Lagerstabilität: + (plus)
Good, adequate storage stability: + (plus)
Aus Tabelle 3 geht hervor, dass die Viskosität der erfindungsgemäßen Zusammensetzungen versetzt mit entsprechenden Lösungsmitteln (VII - XIV) auf dem gewünschten Niveau liegen, gleichzeitig aber auch, je nach Art und Konzentration des Lösungsmittels sowie der Lagertemperatur, gegebenenfalls eine überraschend ansprechende Lagerstabilität aufweisen. Diethylenglykol scheint hierbei das beste Lösungsmittel zu sein, wie in Tabelle 3 gezeigt wird. Aufgrund der Konsistenz der Proben war eine quantitative Analyse separierter Anteile nicht möglich, so dass eine Bestimmung des Kristallisationsgrades (Maß für Lagerstabilität) mittels visuellen Vergleichs der Proben untereinander erfolgte.Table 3 shows that the viscosity of the compositions according to the invention mixed with appropriate solvents (VII-XIV) are at the desired level, but at the same time, depending on the type and concentration of the solvent and the storage temperature, may also have a surprisingly satisfactory storage stability. Diethylene glycol appears to be the best solvent here, as shown in Table 3. Due to the consistency of the samples, a quantitative analysis of separated fractions was not possible, so that the degree of crystallization (measure of storage stability) was determined by visual comparison of the samples with one another.
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| CN202110037191.9A CN113121780B (en) | 2020-01-15 | 2021-01-12 | Composition comprising a novolac |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1645217A1 (en) | 1966-07-20 | 1970-09-17 | Ruetgerswerke Ag | Process for the production of fast curing novolaks |
| GB1505412A (en) * | 1974-03-23 | 1978-03-30 | Hoechst Ag | Phenolic resins |
| US4097463A (en) | 1977-01-10 | 1978-06-27 | Monsanto Company | Process for preparing high ortho novolac resins |
| DE2804362A1 (en) | 1977-02-03 | 1978-08-10 | Union Carbide Corp | PROCESS FOR PRODUCING DISPERSIONS |
| EP0084681B1 (en) | 1981-12-29 | 1985-10-23 | Union Carbide Corporation | Process for producing particulate novolac resins and aqueous dispersions |
| US4788236A (en) | 1981-12-29 | 1988-11-29 | Union Carbide Corporation | Process for producing particulate novolac resins and aqueous dispersions |
| EP0388145A1 (en) * | 1989-03-13 | 1990-09-19 | Borden (Uk) Limited | Phenolic resin compositions |
| US5670571A (en) | 1995-11-03 | 1997-09-23 | Georgia-Pacific Resins, Inc. | Process for producing a dispersed novolac resin and use in a binder system for thermal insulation |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5795933A (en) * | 1996-12-19 | 1998-08-18 | The Dexter Corporation | Waterborne coating compositions having ultra low formaldehyde concentration |
| JP4749621B2 (en) * | 2001-01-09 | 2011-08-17 | 三井化学株式会社 | Novolak aralkyl resin, process for producing the same, and resin composition |
| US6906130B2 (en) * | 2002-10-29 | 2005-06-14 | Georgia-Pacific Resins, Inc. | Inverted novolac resin-type insulation binder |
| JP2005075938A (en) * | 2003-09-01 | 2005-03-24 | Sumitomo Bakelite Co Ltd | Manufacturing process of high ortho novolac type phenolic resin |
| JP2006273899A (en) * | 2005-03-28 | 2006-10-12 | Sumitomo Bakelite Co Ltd | Phenol resin and method for producing the same |
| EP3209730B1 (en) * | 2014-10-21 | 2021-12-08 | Momentive Performance Materials Inc. | Rigid polyurethane foams comprising modified phenolic resins additives |
-
2020
- 2020-01-15 EP EP20152076.4A patent/EP3851493A1/en active Pending
- 2020-11-30 KR KR1020200163640A patent/KR20210092665A/en active Search and Examination
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2021
- 2021-01-12 CN CN202110037191.9A patent/CN113121780B/en active Active
- 2021-01-14 US US17/148,952 patent/US20210277167A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1645217A1 (en) | 1966-07-20 | 1970-09-17 | Ruetgerswerke Ag | Process for the production of fast curing novolaks |
| GB1505412A (en) * | 1974-03-23 | 1978-03-30 | Hoechst Ag | Phenolic resins |
| US4097463A (en) | 1977-01-10 | 1978-06-27 | Monsanto Company | Process for preparing high ortho novolac resins |
| DE2804362A1 (en) | 1977-02-03 | 1978-08-10 | Union Carbide Corp | PROCESS FOR PRODUCING DISPERSIONS |
| EP0084681B1 (en) | 1981-12-29 | 1985-10-23 | Union Carbide Corporation | Process for producing particulate novolac resins and aqueous dispersions |
| US4788236A (en) | 1981-12-29 | 1988-11-29 | Union Carbide Corporation | Process for producing particulate novolac resins and aqueous dispersions |
| EP0388145A1 (en) * | 1989-03-13 | 1990-09-19 | Borden (Uk) Limited | Phenolic resin compositions |
| US5670571A (en) | 1995-11-03 | 1997-09-23 | Georgia-Pacific Resins, Inc. | Process for producing a dispersed novolac resin and use in a binder system for thermal insulation |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20210277167A1 (en) | 2021-09-09 |
| KR20210092665A (en) | 2021-07-26 |
| CN113121780A (en) | 2021-07-16 |
| CN113121780B (en) | 2024-05-17 |
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