EP3824107A1 - Method of colorizing stainless steel using strip anneal processing - Google Patents
Method of colorizing stainless steel using strip anneal processingInfo
- Publication number
- EP3824107A1 EP3824107A1 EP19749896.7A EP19749896A EP3824107A1 EP 3824107 A1 EP3824107 A1 EP 3824107A1 EP 19749896 A EP19749896 A EP 19749896A EP 3824107 A1 EP3824107 A1 EP 3824107A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- stainless steel
- annealing
- rare earth
- steel strip
- continuous
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 title description 8
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- -1 rare earth nitrate Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 77
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 53
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005261 decarburization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001256 stainless steel alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000872198 Serjania polyphylla Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000963 austenitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009500 colour coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004320 controlled atmosphere Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000000383 hazardous chemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005468 ion implantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021110 pickles Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002381 plasma Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium(III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Y+3].[Y+3] RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
- C21D8/0273—Final recrystallisation annealing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D3/02—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by baking
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
- B05D5/06—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain multicolour or other optical effects
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D7/14—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials to metal, e.g. car bodies
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
- C21D1/76—Adjusting the composition of the atmosphere
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/002—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
- C21D7/02—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working
- C21D7/04—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface
- C21D7/06—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface by shot-peening or the like
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0236—Cold rolling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0278—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips involving a particular surface treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
- C21D9/54—Furnaces for treating strips or wire
- C21D9/56—Continuous furnaces for strip or wire
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/02—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition
- C23C18/12—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition characterised by the deposition of inorganic material other than metallic material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/02—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition
- C23C18/12—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition characterised by the deposition of inorganic material other than metallic material
- C23C18/1204—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition characterised by the deposition of inorganic material other than metallic material inorganic material, e.g. non-oxide and non-metallic such as sulfides, nitrides based compounds
- C23C18/1208—Oxides, e.g. ceramics
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/02—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition
- C23C18/12—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition characterised by the deposition of inorganic material other than metallic material
- C23C18/1204—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition characterised by the deposition of inorganic material other than metallic material inorganic material, e.g. non-oxide and non-metallic such as sulfides, nitrides based compounds
- C23C18/1208—Oxides, e.g. ceramics
- C23C18/1216—Metal oxides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/40—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions
- C23C8/42—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions only one element being applied
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D2202/00—Metallic substrate
- B05D2202/10—Metallic substrate based on Fe
- B05D2202/15—Stainless steel
Definitions
- stainless steel can be colorized using chemical treatments or paint.
- Stainless steel surfaces can be hardened by nitriding processes involving exposure to gasses, salt baths, or plasmas. Oxidation performance has been reported to be improved by alloying stainless steel with rare earth elements or by using ion implantation or sol-gel type coating techniques. All of these surface modification procedures are time consuming, involve the use of hazardous materials, and/or add substantial cost to the final material.
- the stainless steel material is first treated with a suspension containing up to 5% by weight nano- or micro- particles of a rare earth oxide, such as yttrium oxide.
- a rare earth oxide such as yttrium oxide.
- An aqueous nitrate rare earth solution can also be utilized.
- the oxide appears to impart various colors as well as superior corrosion resistance, each of which can be an important factor in exterior applications.
- the novel process involves the continuous surface treatment of
- stainless steel coils with aqueous suspensions of rare earth oxide nano or micro particles or aqueous rare earth nitrate solutions.
- the surface treatment can be applied by roll coating, spraying or other conventional application techniques.
- the coated strip is then heated using a continuous annealing process to develop a surface oxide that alters the surface appearance of stainless steel.
- Fig. 1 depicts the color analysis per ASTM D2244 for Steel A of
- Fig. 2 depicts the color analysis per ASTM D2244 for Steel B of
- Fig. 3 depicts the color analysis per ASTM D2244 for Steels C-E of
- Fig. 4 depicts the gloss evaluation of an open coil anneal vs.
- Colorized stainless steel can be produced by growing a surface oxide during heating of strip in a controlled atmosphere on a steel continuous annealing line. Growth of such thin film oxides, and the colors resulting from the various oxides and the various thickness of such oxides is well-known.
- This process is more economical than the typical chemical-based colorizing processes that involve treating individual panels/sheets. It also eliminates the need for the use of hazardous/environmentally unfriendly chemicals. Continuous strip processing can be more efficient than lengthy heat treatment of coils in a batch type box anneal process and provide better control over the critical variables. [0015] Colorized stainless steel produced using this technique can be used for building panels, exhaust systems or other applications requiring an appearance different than the typical reflective metallic stainless steel. The processed material still retains the corrosion advantages of stainless steel when compared to traditional painted products with carbon steel substrates. Colors produced with this process are also less susceptible to color change due to the stability of the oxide created by the processing and the absence of organic bonds.
- Coils of various grades of stainless steel strip including steels with austenitic or ferritic microstructures can be colorized by subjecting the strip to various combinations of heat and atmosphere using a continuous strip anneal line typically utilized to modify the steel microstructure and mechanical properties of the materials after cold rolling. These continuous process lines allow a uniform oxide to develop on the surface. The oxide can exhibit various colors depending on the annealing process parameters such as temperature, atmosphere, time, and dew point, as well as the chemistry of the stainless steel alloy and any pre-annealing coating applied to the strip.
- one or more surfaces of the continuous strip may be given a rare earth-based coating treatment prior to the annealing step.
- Such rare earth treatments can be comprised of elements such as yttrium, cerium or lanthanum.
- stainless steel can be colorized using this process. While any stainless steel can be colorized using the present process, to also obtain improved corrosion resistance, it is preferred to use low carbon stainless steels, including austenitic and ferritic stainless steels, containing no more than 0.03 wt% carbon.
- the stainless steel surface can be colorized by developing an oxide on various substrates prior to annealing such as cold-rolled, 2D, 2B, #4 polished, shot blast, or embossed finishes (e.g., AK Steel Corp.’ s GREYSTONE® MATTE finish). For the unannealed material, annealing and colorizing can occur simultaneously.
- the steel strip is pretreated with a rare earth element such as yttrium in order to maximize corrosion/ weathering performance.
- a rare earth element such as yttrium
- a surface treatment of stainless steel strip with aqueous suspensions of rare earth oxides or aqueous rare earth nitrate solutions, such as those containing yttrium, lanthanum, cerium, or zirconium provides a unique surface finish that provides both functional and aesthetic benefits.
- the aqueous suspensions contain microparticles of rare earth oxides; in other embodiments, the aqueous suspensions contain nanoparticles of rare earth oxides.
- Nanoparticles are defined as particles with dimensions from 0.1 - 100 nm and“microparticles” are defined as particles with dimensions from 0.1 - 100 pm.“Rare earth” materials include those containing yttrium, lanthanum, cerium, or zirconium.
- Minimox ® yttria nanoparticle suspension available from Materials Interface, Inc. of Hampshire, Wisconsin.
- the surface treatment can be applied to a coil of stainless steel by roll coating, spraying or other conventional application techniques.
- Subsequent drying in the range of 70-300°F (21 - l49°C) is only needed to remove the water component of the suspension or solution.
- the drying leaves a residue of the rare earth compound in the range of 300 to 3000 pg/m 2 , or in some embodiments 500-1000 pg/m 2 .
- the surface treatment promotes a more uniform color to the subsequently developed oxide formed during annealing.
- a nitrate-containing starting material is used as the surface treatment, it is changed to an oxide during the anneal process.
- the surface treatment, and resulting oxide coating on the stainless steel also improves corrosion resistance of the steel.
- the coated strip is annealed using a continuous annealing process. Annealing times and temperatures can vary, depending on the desired finished color. Surface finishes such as #4 Polish or other finish known in the art may be imparted to the strip prior to OCA.
- the annealing temperatures and atmospheres can vary depending on the use of reducing or oxidizing gases in the annealing furnace.
- an atmosphere of about 20-30% by weight hydrogen and about 70-80% by weight nitrogen blend of gases is used.
- 100% nitrogen, 100% hydrogen or 100% air is used.
- Other reactive gases such as dissociated ammonium or inert gases such as argon can be used by themselves or can be mixed into the hydrogen and/or nitrogen atmospheres.
- the atmospheres can be “dry” (with a dew point of approximately 0°F (-l7°C) or less, or in some embodiments with a dew point of approximately -40°F (-40°C) or less) or“wet” (with a dew point of +60°F (l5°C) or more, or in some embodiments with a dew point +80°F (26.7°C) or l00°F (37°C) or more). Dry atmospheres tend to develop duller, darker surfaces than wet atmospheres.
- Annealing times can vary from 60 seconds to 1 hour, in other embodiments the annealing time can range between 4 - 20 minutes, in still other embodiments the annealing time can range between 5-10 minutes, and in still other embodiments the annealing time can range between 2-4 minutes. Temperatures can vary from l000°F (537.7°C) to 2200°F (l204°C) depending on the capability of the annealing equipment, and in other embodiments the temperature can range between l500°F (815° C) and l900°F (l038°C). Annealing temperature, as well as time, can affect the resulting color of the finished surface treatment.
- Stainless steel is generally defined as a steel containing about 10.5% by weight chromium or more. Any ferritic or austenitic stainless steel can be used in the present process.
- the grade of stainless steel of a particular embodiment (such as Types 436, 409, or 439 stainless steel, or CHROMESHIELD ® 22 stainless steel (UNS S44330), which is available commercially from AK Steel Corporation, West Chester, Ohio) influences the colors developed under the same annealing conditions.
- the finish on the surface of the stainless steel also affects color and gloss of the finished processed material. Less reflective incoming substrates produce typically correspondingly less reflective finishes after continuous annealing.
- a process for colorizing the surface of stainless steel strip comprises:
- rare earth oxide comprises nanoparticles.
- Example 9 The process of any one or more of Examples 5 -8, or any one or more of the subsequent examples 12-23, wherein the dewpoint is less than about -40°F.
- Example 15 The process of any one or more of Examples 5 -14, or any one or more of the subsequent examples, wherein the continuous anneal process is performed at a temperature between l500°F and l870°F.
- Example 21 The process of any one or more of Examples 5 -20, or any one or more of the subsequent examples, wherein the stainless steel resides in the annealing furnace for a time of 4 minutes to 20 minutes.
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Abstract
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US201862699059P | 2018-07-17 | 2018-07-17 | |
PCT/US2019/042041 WO2020018564A1 (en) | 2018-07-17 | 2019-07-16 | Method of colorizing stainless steel using strip anneal processing |
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EP3529384B1 (en) * | 2016-10-19 | 2024-05-29 | Cleveland-Cliffs Steel Properties Inc. | Surface modification of stainless steels |
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- 2019-07-16 EP EP19749896.7A patent/EP3824107A1/en active Pending
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WO2020018564A8 (en) | 2020-02-20 |
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JP7297048B2 (en) | 2023-06-23 |
US20200024747A1 (en) | 2020-01-23 |
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