EP3817147B1 - Internal conductor device for a waveguide radiator - Google Patents

Internal conductor device for a waveguide radiator Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3817147B1
EP3817147B1 EP19206608.2A EP19206608A EP3817147B1 EP 3817147 B1 EP3817147 B1 EP 3817147B1 EP 19206608 A EP19206608 A EP 19206608A EP 3817147 B1 EP3817147 B1 EP 3817147B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
dielectric
elements
inner conductor
waveguide
unit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP19206608.2A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3817147A1 (en
Inventor
Olivier STRAUSS
Michael Korn
Alexander Herschlein
Hendrik Bayer
Catherine Haas
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Airbus Defence and Space GmbH
Airbus Defence and Space SAS
Original Assignee
Airbus Defence and Space GmbH
Airbus Defence and Space SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Airbus Defence and Space GmbH, Airbus Defence and Space SAS filed Critical Airbus Defence and Space GmbH
Priority to EP19206608.2A priority Critical patent/EP3817147B1/en
Priority to US17/773,473 priority patent/US20240186710A1/en
Priority to CA3156228A priority patent/CA3156228A1/en
Priority to KR1020227018484A priority patent/KR20220088498A/en
Priority to PCT/EP2020/078799 priority patent/WO2021083661A1/en
Publication of EP3817147A1 publication Critical patent/EP3817147A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3817147B1 publication Critical patent/EP3817147B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/20Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/22Longitudinal slot in boundary wall of waveguide or transmission line
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006Particular feeding systems
    • H01Q21/0037Particular feeding systems linear waveguide fed arrays
    • H01Q21/0043Slotted waveguides
    • H01Q21/005Slotted waveguides arrays
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/20Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/203Leaky coaxial lines
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/44Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the electric or magnetic characteristics of reflecting, refracting, or diffracting devices associated with the radiating element
    • H01Q3/443Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the electric or magnetic characteristics of reflecting, refracting, or diffracting devices associated with the radiating element varying the phase velocity along a leaky transmission line

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an inner conductor device for a waveguide radiator, a waveguide radiator with the inner conductor device, a synthetic aperture radar system with at least one waveguide radiator and a method for producing the inner conductor device.
  • an inner conductor device for a waveguide radiator in particular for a waveguide radiator with at least one slotted waveguide, has already been proposed, with at least one carrier rail, with at least one dielectric unit which is arranged on the at least one carrier rail and has at least one dielectric element, and with at least one inner conductor arranged on the at least one dielectric unit.
  • the slotted waveguide radiators require a high level of manufacturing accuracy.
  • the EP 2 830 156 B1 discloses, for example, assembly by means of adhesive bonding.
  • the HF performance can already be influenced by the thickness of the adhesive, which can lead to scattering or performance changes. Uneven application of adhesive quantities during production can therefore lead to a scattering of the HF performance.
  • costly and time-consuming bonding processes are necessary because of the curing, if appropriate under pressure and temperature.
  • the object of the invention is in particular to provide a generic device with good properties in terms of accuracy, in particular positional accuracy, reproducibility and disassembly.
  • the object is achieved according to the invention by the features of Solved patent claim 1, while advantageous embodiments and developments of the invention can be found in the dependent claims.
  • the invention is based on a waveguide radiator with at least one slotted waveguide, which has at least one surface with a plurality of slots, and with the inner conductor device arranged in the waveguide with at least one carrier rail, with at least one dielectric unit arranged on the at least one carrier rail , which has at least one dielectric element, and having at least one inner conductor arranged on the at least one dielectric unit.
  • the at least one inner conductor is at least essentially mechanically fixed on the at least one dielectric element and/or that the at least one dielectric element is at least essentially mechanically fixed on the at least one carrier rail.
  • the at least one inner conductor is preferably fixed completely mechanically on the at least one dielectric element and/or the at least one dielectric element is fixed completely mechanically on the at least one carrier rail.
  • the inner conductor is shaped, depending on the orientation of the slots, in such a way that feeding results according to the traveling wave principle, with all slots of the waveguide being able to be excited in phase.
  • an “inner conductor device” is to be understood in particular as a device which comprises an inner conductor and is intended to be arranged in a waveguide, in particular a slotted waveguide, of a waveguide radiator.
  • Waveguide radiators or antenna array radiators also called radiators or subarrays in the literature, are used, for example, in phased array antennas of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems with single and dual polarization.
  • SAR synthetic aperture radar
  • so-called microstrip patch antennas or slotted waveguide antennas have been used as radiators. If the waveguide has transverse slots, the direction of the radiated polarization of the waveguide corresponds to the longitudinal direction of the waveguide.
  • the direction of the radiated polarization of the waveguide corresponds to the transverse direction of the waveguide.
  • either horizontally or vertically polarized waves can be emitted.
  • the additional inner conductor fitted in the waveguide is shaped, depending on the orientation of the slots, in such a way that the slots of the waveguide can be excited in phase.
  • the waveguide emitter can in particular be designed both as a resonant emitter or according to the traveling wave principle.
  • TEM mode Through the slotted in the interior Inside the waveguide, a dispersion-free, transverse electromagnetic propagation mode is supported (TEM mode).
  • TEM mode transverse electromagnetic propagation mode
  • the inner conductor is Specially shaped depending on polarization in order to be able to excite either longitudinal or transverse slits.
  • the carrier rail forms a base body of the inner conductor device, which is provided for receiving and/or aligning the dielectric unit and/or the inner conductor.
  • the carrier rail extends along a
  • Main extension direction of the inner conductor in particular at least over a large part of an extension, in particular over an entire extension, of the inner conductor.
  • a "main extension direction" of an object is to be understood in particular as a direction which runs parallel to a longest edge of a smallest geometric cuboid which just about completely encloses the object.
  • a “dielectric unit” is to be understood in particular as meaning a unit which consists at least partially, in particular for the most part and particularly preferably completely, of a dielectric material, in particular of an electrically weakly or non-conductive material.
  • the dielectric unit comprises at least one dielectric element, which is designed as a dielectric.
  • the dielectric unit comprises at least one dielectric element in some examples described herein, but according to the invention the dielectric unit comprises at least three dielectric elements.
  • the dielectric unit preferably forms a dielectric layer between the inner conductor and the carrier rail.
  • the dielectric unit is provided in particular for shielding the inner conductor.
  • the height or thickness of the dielectric layer formed by the dielectric unit is constant along the carrier rail, in particular for resonant emitters, or non-uniform with an individually shaped height profile, in particular for emitters based on the traveling wave principle.
  • the amplitude and phase of the electric field strength in the slots along the waveguide can be specifically influenced by a height profile and shape of the inner conductor, so that any aperture assignments can be implemented, for example to suppress secondary maxima in the antenna diagram below a predetermined value. In the same way, a homogeneous amplitude and phase assignment can be achieved along the waveguide, for example in order to maximize the antenna gain and minimize the FWHM.
  • At least essentially mechanically is to be understood in particular as meaning that a holding force between the at least one inner conductor and the at least one dielectric element and/or the at least one dielectric element and the at least one carrier rail at least 50% preferably at least 70% and particularly preferably at least 90% is produced mechanically. It is in particular also conceivable that at least a proportion of the holding force is generated mechanically, while a further proportion is generated magnetically.
  • Mechanismally fixed is to be understood in particular as meaning that at least two components are connected by means of a, in particular detachable, non-positive and/or positive connection, with a holding force between the two components preferably being achieved by a geometric engagement of the components into each other and/or a frictional force is transmitted between the components.
  • a connection can be realized, for example, by means of a snap-in connection, a rivet connection, a plug-in connection and/or a screw connection.
  • the mechanical connection is in particular free of an adhesive connection.
  • Force-fitting is to be understood in particular as meaning that surfaces of components that are connected to one another in a form-fitting manner that lie against one another exert a holding force on one another that acts in the normal direction of the surfaces.
  • the components are in a geometric engagement with one another.
  • “Provided” should be understood to mean, in particular, specially programmed, designed and/or equipped.
  • the fact that an object is provided for a specific function is to be understood in particular to mean that the object fulfills and/or executes this specific function in at least one application and/or operating state.
  • the configuration of the inner conductor device according to the invention makes it possible in particular to provide an inner conductor device that is advantageously easy to assemble.
  • the device can be assembled very easily and quickly. This is achieved in particular by fixing the components only at certain points and thus simultaneously positioning them, which are preferably implemented by mechanical, detachable connections. This means that even if a component is defective, individual components can be repaired, which ensures very little waste in series production. In particular, the individual components can be dismantled and reused.
  • high precision of the inner conductor device and high reproducibility can be achieved.
  • a high degree of accuracy, in particular a positional accuracy, of the components of the inner conductor device relative to one another can be achieved.
  • an advantageous reproducibility and positional accuracy of the parts of the inner conductor device can be achieved cost-effectively and efficiently be guaranteed.
  • production without an adhesive process can be achieved with elements that can be joined quickly and have a high degree of accuracy of fit.
  • an efficient and cost-effective assembly of the inner conductor device can be achieved independently of an assembly device.
  • a waveguide emitter that can advantageously be produced quickly and easily can be provided.
  • an advantageous repairability can be achieved.
  • individual elements can be exchanged in a targeted manner.
  • the inner conductor device has at least one positive and/or non-positive connection element, which is provided for mechanically fixing the at least one inner conductor on the at least one dielectric element.
  • the form-fitting and/or force-fitting element is in particular formed by a separate element which is provided for a direct connection to the inner conductor and/or the dielectric element.
  • a “positive and/or non-positive locking element” is to be understood in particular as an element which is provided for producing a positive and/or non-positive connection between at least two components.
  • this is to be understood in particular as a connecting element which is intended to directly enter into a positive and/or non-positive connection with at least one, in particular with at least two, of the at least two components to be connected.
  • a connecting element which is intended to directly enter into a positive and/or non-positive connection with at least one, in particular with at least two, of the at least two components to be connected.
  • Various configurations of the positive and/or non-positive locking element that appear sensible to a person skilled in the art are conceivable, such as a pin, a wedge, a locking pin, a clip and/or a screw.
  • the positive and/or force-fitting element preferably has a latching means formed on it.
  • a “latching means” is to be understood in particular as meaning a spring-elastic means for producing a latching connection, which is intended to be elastically deflected during assembly.
  • an advantageous connection can be provided between the at least one inner conductor and the at least one dielectric element.
  • an advantageously secure connection that is easy to produce can be provided between the at least one inner conductor and the at least one dielectric element.
  • a fixation can be achieved via a separate element, so that an adaptation of the inner conductor is advantageously small.
  • a The parts can be dismantled in the event of repairs or rework. Furthermore, this allows the expensive milled parts to be reused when repairing or dismantling. In particular, a loss of time by replacing the part can be avoided.
  • the at least one dielectric element has at least one cutout and that the at least one positive and/or non-positive fit element is provided to latch in the cutout of the dielectric element.
  • the dielectric element preferably forms a snap-in connection with the positive and/or non-positive locking element, with the positive and/or non-positive locking element being preferably elastically deflected during a fastening process, in order to then be deflected behind a corresponding locking element, in particular the recess of the dielectric element, by an internal clamping force , snap into place.
  • the cutout of the dielectric element is formed in particular by a latching cutout.
  • the dielectric element preferably has, in particular, a circumferential latching collar on a surface delimiting the cutout.
  • the recess is preferably formed by a through hole.
  • the recess it would also be conceivable for the recess to be formed by a blind hole. In this way, in particular, a connection that is advantageously easy to produce can be achieved. Furthermore, in particular a direct connection can be implemented as a result.
  • the at least one positive and/or frictional element is formed by a fixing pin.
  • the positive and/or non-positive locking element is preferably formed by a pin.
  • the positive and/or non-positive locking element has a plate-shaped head and a latching pin formed onto the head.
  • the form-fitting and/or force-fitting element is preferably provided to extend through a cutout in the inner conductor into the cutout of the dielectric element. In this way, in particular, a mechanical connection that is advantageously easy to produce can be achieved. Furthermore, in particular an advantageously secure and uniform connection can be achieved in this way, which has an advantageously low interference effect.
  • Another advantage of the concept mentioned is the possibility of partial or complete automation, e.g. by means of an automatic placement machine or the use of robots.
  • the at least one carrier rail has at least one fixing element, which is provided to at least partially fix the at least one dielectric element of the dielectric unit relative to the carrier rail.
  • the support rail has two of each other Facing away sides each have a locking edge running along the main extension direction of the carrier rail.
  • the latching edges preferably run along the entire extent of the carrier rail.
  • the at least one dielectric element is preferably provided to latch with the latching edges.
  • the at least one dielectric element is particularly preferably fixed transversely to a main extension direction by means of the latching edges.
  • the fixing element is provided in particular to fix the at least one dielectric element at least along a longitudinal direction of the carrier rail, in particular without play.
  • the fixing element is preferably formed by a pin, in particular a dowel pin, which is intended to engage in a recess in the at least one dielectric element.
  • a pin in particular a dowel pin
  • the fixing element is preferably provided for positioning and fixing the at least one dielectric element in a defined position relative to the carrier rail on the carrier rail. In this way, in particular, the device can be assembled very easily and quickly. Furthermore, high precision of the inner conductor device and high reproducibility can be achieved. The last degree of freedom of the dielectric unit in the carrier rail direction can be fixed via the fixing element.
  • the at least one dielectric unit has at least three dielectric elements.
  • the at least three dielectric elements are preferably designed to be different from one another, at least in part. At least two of the at least three dielectric elements preferably have different heights from one another.
  • the dielectric unit has in particular at least four, preferably at least eight, preferably at least 12 and particularly preferably at least 16 dielectric elements.
  • the number of dielectric elements is freely selected, in particular depending on the antenna size. More preferably, the number of dielectric elements of the dielectric unit is an even number.
  • the dielectric unit has different dielectric Elements on, always two dielectric elements are formed identically or mirrored.
  • the dielectric elements are arranged in a form-fitting manner on the carrier rail, at least in one row.
  • the dielectric elements are preferably pushed, plugged and/or clicked onto the carrier rail one behind the other.
  • the dielectric elements it would also be conceivable for the dielectric elements to be applied to the carrier rail in a number of rows.
  • the dielectric unit comprises two groups of dielectric elements, each arranged on opposite sides of the support rail.
  • the dielectric elements are in particular arranged in a row, with the dielectric unit being interrupted in a central area of the carrier rail.
  • the height of the dielectric elements increases towards both end regions of the carrier rail from the middle region of the carrier rail.
  • the dielectric elements of the dielectric unit at least partially have different heights and/or different material thicknesses.
  • the dielectric unit preferably has dielectric elements with different heights and/or different material thicknesses, with two dielectric elements in particular always having the same height and/or material thickness.
  • the dielectric unit preferably has a plurality of pairs of dielectric elements, each of which has the same height and/or material thickness.
  • the dielectric elements of a pair are arranged on opposite sides of the inner conductor device.
  • a pair of dielectric elements are arranged on opposite sides of the inner conductor device relative to a geometric center point of the inner conductor device.
  • the pairs of dielectric elements are all arranged symmetrically with respect to a geometric center point of the inner conductor device.
  • a feeding point of the inner conductor device must be included in particular not be arranged in the geometric center of the inner conductor device.
  • a “height” of a dielectric element is to be understood in particular as an extension of the dielectric element perpendicular to the main extension direction, in particular a main extension plane, of the carrier rail.
  • a “main extension plane” of a structural unit is to be understood in particular as a plane which is parallel to a largest side surface of an imaginary cuboid which just completely encloses the structural unit and in particular runs through the center point of the cuboid.
  • the amplitude and phase of the electric field strength in the slots along the waveguide can be specifically influenced by the height profile and in particular the shape of the inner conductor, so that any aperture assignments can be implemented, for example to suppress secondary maxima in the antenna diagram below a specified value.
  • the dielectric In particular, elements have different effective permittivities, the different effective permittivities of the dielectric elements being achieved in particular by different heights and/or different material thicknesses. In this way, in particular, an advantageously modular design of the inner conductor device can be achieved.
  • the at least one dielectric element of the dielectric unit is designed as an open or closed hollow body.
  • the at least one dielectric element preferably at least partially delimits a cavity.
  • the cavity can be both closed and open to the environment.
  • the cavity is preferably delimited by the dielectric element on at least two, preferably on at least three, sides.
  • the cavity is preferably formed by a rectangular volume.
  • the at least one dielectric element preferably has an at least approximately U-shaped cross section.
  • the at least one dielectric element preferably has an at least approximately U-shaped cross section in a sectional plane perpendicular to a main extension direction of the dielectric element.
  • the dielectric element consists in particular of a plastic.
  • the inner conductor device has a positioning unit which is provided for positioning at least one of the dielectric elements of the dielectric unit in a floating manner relative to the carrier rail.
  • the positioning unit preferably has at least one first positioning means which is fixed, in particular in one piece, with the carrier rail and at least one second positioning means which is fixed, in particular in one piece, with at least one of the dielectric elements.
  • the at least one first positioning means and the at least one second positioning means preferably interact in a mounted state of the dielectric elements on the carrier rail to position the at least one dielectric element of the dielectric unit relative to the carrier rail.
  • the at least one first positioning means and the at least one second positioning means particularly preferably interact in particular in such a way that the dielectric element is fixed to the carrier rail with a defined play.
  • the fixing element of the carrier rail is intended to fix at least a first of the dielectric elements rigidly on the carrier rail, wherein at least one dielectric element of the dielectric elements of the dielectric unit, which is adjacent to the first dielectric element, is intended to be floating by means of the positioning unit relative to the To be positioned carrier rail.
  • a system that is stable from a thermoelastic point of view can be constructed. Length expansions of the dielectric elements can be compensated for in a particularly advantageous manner.
  • gaps between the dielectric elements are preferably provided for this purpose; these compensate in particular for the different linear expansions.
  • an inner conductor device that is stable from a thermoelastic point of view can be constructed.
  • the fixing of the inner conductor in each dielectric element of the dielectric unit lies exactly above the fixing of the dielectric element, in particular with the carrier rail
  • the linear expansion of the dielectric elements within the system of the inner conductor device is irrelevant. This is due to the gaps between the dielectric elements.
  • gaps are arranged between the dielectric elements, which corresponds to a maximum intended thermal linear expansion of the dielectric elements. The gaps compensate for the different linear expansions. Only the difference in the coefficient of linear expansion between the inner conductor and the carrier rail plays a role in the thermoelastic stability of the inner conductor device.
  • the inner conductor device can be installed very easily and quickly. This is achieved by only selectively fixing and thus simultaneously positioning the components, which are preferably implemented using detachable connections. This means that even if a component is defective, individual components can be repaired, which ensures very little waste in series production.
  • radiators based on slotted coaxial conductors can be manufactured with high reproducibility and accuracy in order to ensure the desired HF properties. In particular, no additional or new tools are required for integration, even if the geometry is modified or tests are carried out.
  • the invention is based on a synthetic aperture radar system, in particular a high-resolution synthetic aperture radar system, with the at least one waveguide radiator.
  • the invention is based on a method for producing the waveguide radiator with the inner conductor device. It is preferably proposed that in at least one Coupling step, the dielectric elements of the dielectric unit are mechanically mounted in a defined order, at least in one row, on the carrier rail.
  • the dielectric elements are preferably plugged and/or slid onto the carrier rail one behind the other.
  • the dielectric elements it would also be conceivable for the dielectric elements to be applied to the carrier rail in a plurality of rows.
  • the dielectric unit comprises two sets of dielectric elements mechanically mounted in a row on the support rail, respectively on opposite sides of the support rail.
  • an advantageously modular design of the inner conductor device can be achieved.
  • an advantageously variable arrangement of the dielectric elements on the carrier rail can be achieved.
  • an efficient and cost-effective production of the inner conductor device can be achieved independently of an assembly device.
  • the inner conductor is positioned on the dielectric unit and mechanically fixed on the dielectric unit by means of at least one positive and/or non-positive connection element.
  • the form-fitting and/or force-fitting element is in particular formed by a separate element which is connected to at least one dielectric element via the inner conductor.
  • the at least one dielectric element of the dielectric unit forms a locking connection with the positive and/or non-positive locking element, with the positive and/or non-positive locking element being elastically deflected during a fastening process, in order to then be locked behind a corresponding locking element, in particular the recess, by an internal clamping force of the dielectric element.
  • the form-fitting and/or force-fitting element preferably extends through a cutout in the inner conductor into the cutout in the dielectric element.
  • a connection that is advantageously easy to produce can be achieved.
  • a direct connection can be implemented as a result.
  • a cost-effective and reproducible production of the inner conductor device can be achieved, which achieves the required HF performance.
  • an advantageously short production time can be achieved in comparison to glued inner conductor devices, as a result of which there is a considerable potential for financial savings.
  • Another advantage is the possibility of partial or complete automation, such as by means of automatic placement machines or the use of robots.
  • the waveguide radiator according to the invention, the synthetic aperture radar system and the method should not be limited to the application and embodiment described above.
  • the waveguide emitter according to the invention, the synthetic aperture radar system and the method for fulfilling a function described herein can have a number of individual elements, components and units as well as method steps that differs from the number specified herein.
  • values lying within the specified limits should also be considered disclosed and can be used as desired.
  • FIG 1 shows a waveguide radiator 12a with a waveguide 14a and with an inner guide device 10a.
  • the waveguide radiator 12a is for a synthetic aperture radar system, in particular for a high-resolution synthetic aperture radar system.
  • the waveguide radiator 12a forms part of a synthetic aperture radar system.
  • the waveguide 14a is formed by a slotted waveguide 14a.
  • the waveguide 14a is formed by a rectangular profile which has a plurality of slots 30a along its main direction of extension.
  • the waveguide 14a has at least one surface with a plurality of slots 30a.
  • the slits 30a are preferably arranged in an evenly distributed manner.
  • the waveguide 14a has, for example, transverse slots 30a, which extend completely over an upper side and partially over two sides of the waveguide 14a.
  • the direction of the radiated polarization of the waveguide 14a corresponds to the longitudinal direction of the waveguide 14a.
  • the slotted waveguide 14a has longitudinal slots, the direction of the radiated polarization of the waveguide 14a corresponds to the transverse direction of the waveguide 14a.
  • either horizontally or vertically polarized waves can thus be radiated.
  • the waveguide 14a is provided to accommodate the inner conductor device 10a.
  • the inner conductor device 10a is arranged in the waveguide 14a.
  • the inner conductor device 10a is arranged in a fixed position in the waveguide 14a.
  • the inner conductor device 10a is not further visible via extensions 36a, in particular via extensions 36a on an underside of a carrier rail 16a of the inner conductor device 10a, arranged in a fixed position in the waveguide 14a.
  • the extensions 36a of the inner conductor device 10a engage in recesses of the waveguide 14a, in particular not further visible.
  • the inner conductor device 10a has a carrier rail 16a.
  • the carrier rail 16a is formed by an aluminum rail. In principle, however, another configuration of the carrier rail 16a that would appear sensible to a person skilled in the art would also be conceivable.
  • the carrier rail 16a forms a base body of the inner conductor device 10a from which is provided for receiving and/or aligning a dielectric unit 18a and/or an inner conductor 22a.
  • the carrier rail 16a extends along a main extension direction 38a of the inner conductor device 10a over the entire extension of the inner conductor device 10a.
  • the carrier rail 16a has an at least approximately rectangular cross section, with the carrier rail 16a on two sides facing away from one another running along the main extension direction 38a of the inner conductor device 10a Has latching edge 40a.
  • the latching edges 40a each run along an entire extension of the carrier rail 16a.
  • the carrier rail 16a has a plurality of extensions 36a on an underside, which are provided for connecting and positioning the inner conductor device
  • the inner conductor device 10a has a dielectric unit 18a arranged on the carrier rail 16a.
  • the dielectric unit 18a extends along the main extension direction 38a of the inner conductor device 10a over a substantial part of an extension of the carrier rail 16a.
  • the dielectric unit 18a is recessed in a central area of the support rail 16a.
  • the height or thickness of the dielectric layer formed by the dielectric unit 18a is not uniform along the carrier rail 16a, but has an individually shaped height profile.
  • the amplitude and phase of the electrical field strength in the slots 30a can be specifically influenced by the height profile and the shape of an inner conductor 22a, so that any aperture assignments can be implemented, for example to suppress secondary maxima in the antenna diagram below a predetermined value.
  • a homogeneous amplitude and phase allocation can be achieved in the same way, for example to maximize the antenna gain and minimize the FWHM.
  • the dielectric unit 18a has a multiplicity of dielectric elements 20a, 20a', 20a".
  • the dielectric unit 18a has at least four, preferably at least eight, preferably at least 12 and particularly preferably at least 16 dielectric elements 20a, 20a', 20a".
  • the dielectric elements 20a, 20a', 20a" are arranged in a row in a form-fitting manner on the carrier rail 16a.
  • the dielectric elements 20a, 20a', 20a" are placed one behind the other on the carrier rail 16a.
  • the dielectric elements 20a, 20a', 20a" are applied to the carrier rail 16a in several rows.
  • the dielectric unit 18a has two groups of dielectric elements 20a, 20a', 20a" which are each arranged on opposite sides of the carrier rail 16a.
  • the dielectric elements 20a, 20a′, 20a′′ are aligned.
  • the height of the dielectric elements 20a, 20a′, 20a′′ increases, for example, towards both end regions of the carrier rail 16a from the middle region of the carrier rail 16a.
  • the dielectric elements 20a, 20a', 20a" of a group are each formed differently from one another, with the groups of dielectric elements 20a, 20a', 20a" each having mutually corresponding dielectric elements 20a, 20a', 20a".
  • the dielectric elements 20a, 20a′, 20a′′ of the dielectric unit 18a have at least partially different heights and/or different material thicknesses.
  • the dielectric elements 20a, 20a', 20a" of a group of the dielectric unit 18a have different heights.
  • the dielectric unit 18a preferably has dielectric elements 20a, 20a', 20a" with different heights, with two dielectric elements 20a, 20a '20a" have the same height.
  • the groups of the dielectric unit 18a each have a first dielectric element 20a, which is arranged next to a center of the carrier rail 16a.
  • the two first dielectric elements 20a have in particular a smallest height of the dielectric elements 20a, 20a' , 20a" on.
  • the groups of the dielectric unit 18a each have a last dielectric element 20a", which is arranged next to one of the end regions of the carrier rail 16a.
  • the last two dielectric elements 20a" in particular have the greatest height of the dielectric elements 20a, 20a', 20a ".
  • the groups of the dielectric unit 18a each have a plurality of further dielectric elements 20a', which are each arranged between the first dielectric element 20a and the last dielectric element 20a".
  • the dielectric elements 20a, 20a', 20a" of the dielectric unit 18a are each designed as an open or closed hollow body.
  • the dielectric elements 20a, 20a', 20a" each delimit a cavity.
  • the cavity is in each case designed to be open to an environment.
  • the cavity of the dielectric elements 20a, 20a', 20a" of the dielectric unit 18a is formed by a rectangular volume.
  • the dielectric elements 20a, 20a', 20a" of the dielectric unit 18a each have an approximately U-shaped cross section.
  • the dielectric elements 20a, 20a', 20a" of the dielectric unit 18a each have an approximately U-shaped cross section in a sectional plane perpendicular to a main extension direction of the respective dielectric element 20a, 20a', 20a". 20a', 20a" conceivable.
  • the dielectric elements 20a, 20a′, 20a′′ are at least essentially mechanically fixed on the carrier rail 16a.
  • the dielectric elements 20a, 20a′, 20a′′ are snapped onto the carrier rail 16a.
  • the dielectric elements 20a, 20a', 20a" are intended to latch with the latching edges 40a of the carrier rail 16a.
  • the dielectric elements 20a, 20a', 20a" have latching recesses 42a corresponding to the latching edges 40a.
  • the latching recesses 42a are each arranged on the inside of the free ends of the U-shaped cross section of the dielectric elements 20a, 20a', 20a".
  • the dielectric elements 20a, 20a', 20a" are arranged by means of the latching connection transversely to the main direction of extension 38a of the inner conductor device 10a fixed.
  • the carrier rail 16a has at least one fixing element 27a, which is intended to at least partially fix at least one dielectric element 20a, 20a" of the dielectric unit 18a relative to the carrier rail 16a.
  • the carrier rail 16a has a plurality of, in particular four, fixing elements 27a , which are intended to partially fix the first and last dielectric elements 20a, 20a'' of the dielectric unit 18a relative to the carrier rail 16a.
  • the fixing elements 27a are intended to fix the first and last dielectric elements 20a, 20a" without play along a longitudinal direction of the carrier rail 16a.
  • the fixing elements 27a are each formed by a pin which is intended for insertion into a recess 26a in the respective dielectric element 20a, 20a".
  • the fixing elements 27a In principle, however, a different design of the fixing elements 27a that would appear sensible to a person skilled in the art would also be conceivable. Alternatively, it would also be conceivable for the fixing elements 27a to fix only the first or the last dielectric elements 20a, 20a" of the dielectric unit 18a. Furthermore, the fixing elements 27a are intended to fix the first and last dielectric elements 20a, 20a" of the dielectric unit 18a in to be positioned and fixed in a defined position relative to the carrier rail 16a on the carrier rail 16a. The fixing elements 27a can be detached from a base body 44a of the carrier rail 16a tied together. The fixing elements 27a are screwed into the base body 44a of the support rail 16a.
  • the fixing elements 27a are screwed into the base body 44a of the carrier rail 16a in a region of one of the latching edges 40a. In principle, however, it would also be conceivable for the fixing elements 27a to be connected in one piece to the base body 44a.
  • the inner conductor device 10a has a positioning unit 28a, which is provided for positioning at least one of the dielectric elements 20a′ of the dielectric unit 18a in a floating manner relative to the carrier rail 16a.
  • the positioning unit 28a is intended to position the further dielectric elements 20a′ of the dielectric unit 18a in a floating manner relative to the carrier rail 16a.
  • the positioning unit 28a has a plurality of first positioning means which are fixed, in particular in one piece, to the carrier rail 16a.
  • the positioning unit 28a has a plurality of second positioning means 46a, which are formed fixedly, in particular in one piece, with one of the further dielectric elements 20a′.
  • two of the second positioning means 46a are formed in one piece with in each case one of the further dielectric elements 20a′.
  • the positioning means 46a are each arranged on opposite sides in the latching recesses 42a of the respective further dielectric element 20a′.
  • the first positioning means and the second positioning means 46a cooperate in a mounted state of the further dielectric elements 20a' on the carrier rail 16a to position the further dielectric elements 20a' of the dielectric unit 18a relative to the carrier rail 16a.
  • the first positioning means and the second positioning means 46a interact with one another in such a way that the respective further dielectric element 20a′ is fixed to the carrier rail 16a with a defined play.
  • the fixing elements 27a of the carrier rail 16a are intended to fix the first and last dielectric elements 20a, 20a" rigidly on the carrier rail 16a, whereas the further dielectric elements 20a' are floating relative to the carrier rail 16a by means of the positioning unit 28a between the first and last dielectric elements 20a, 20a".
  • the first positioning means of the positioning unit 28a are formed, for example, by depressions in the latching edges 40a of the carrier rail 16a.
  • the second positioning means 46a of the positioning unit 28a are examples of elevations in the latching recesses 42a of the further dielectric elements 20a' educated.
  • the second positioning means 46a are preferably produced by interrupting the latching recesses 42a in sections.
  • the inner conductor device 10a has an inner conductor 22a arranged on the dielectric unit 18a.
  • the inner conductor 22a is formed by a copper conductor.
  • the inner conductor 22a fitted in the waveguide 14a is arranged facing the slots 30a of the waveguide 14a.
  • the inner conductor 22a is shaped in such a way that feeding results according to the traveling wave principle, it being possible for all the slots 30a of the waveguide 14a to be excited in phase.
  • the inner conductor 22a is specially shaped depending on the polarization in order to be able to excite either longitudinal or transverse slots 30a.
  • the inner conductor 22a is connected to the carrier rail 16a in a central region of the carrier rail 16a via a feed line 48a.
  • the inner conductor 22a is driven via the feed line 48a.
  • the feed line 48a is used for feeding and is electrically connected to the inner conductor 22a.
  • the feed line 48a is mechanically load-free.
  • the inner conductor 22a is mechanically fixed on the dielectric elements 20a, 20a′, 20a′′.
  • the inner conductor device 10a has a plurality of positive and/or frictional elements 24a which are provided for mechanically fixing the inner conductor 22a on the dielectric elements 20a, 20a′. , 20a".
  • the positive and/or non-positive locking elements 24a are formed by separate elements which are provided for a direct connection to the inner conductor 22a and/or the dielectric elements 20a, 20a′, 20a”.
  • the positive and/or non-positive locking elements 24a each have a molded latching means.
  • the dielectric elements 20a, 20a', 20a" each have a recess 26a.
  • the cutouts 26a are each arranged on a top side of the respective dielectric element 20a, 20a', 20a".
  • the cutouts 26a are each formed by a through hole.
  • the positive and/or non-positive locking elements 24a are provided in the cutouts 26a of the dielectric elements 20a, 20a', 20a" to lock.
  • the dielectric elements 20a, 20a', 20a" each form a snap-in connection with the form-locking and/or force-locking elements 24a, with the form-locking and/or force-locking elements 24a being partially elastically deflected during a fastening process and then being held back by an internal clamping force a corresponding latching element of the recess 26a of the respective dielectric element 20a, 20a', 20a''.
  • the recesses 26a of the dielectric elements 20a, 20a', 20a" are of a Locking recess formed.
  • the dielectric elements 20a, 20a′, 20a′′ have a peripheral locking collar on a surface delimiting the recess 26a of the respective dielectric element 20a, 20a′, 20a′′.
  • the positive and/or non-positive locking elements 24a are each formed by a fixing pin.
  • the positive and/or non-positive locking elements 24a are each formed by a pin.
  • the positive and/or non-positive locking elements 24a each have a plate-shaped head and a latching pin formed onto the head.
  • another embodiment of the form-fitting and/or force-fitting elements 24a that would appear sensible to a person skilled in the art would also be conceivable.
  • the positive and/or non-positive locking elements 24a are each intended to extend through a cutout in the inner conductor 22a into the cutout 26a of one of the dielectric elements 20a, 20a', 20a".
  • the inner conductor 22a has a plurality of cutouts 26a of the dielectric elements 20a, 20a', 20a" corresponding recesses.
  • the recesses of the inner conductor 22a are formed, for example, by elongated holes, in particular by punched elongated holes. Designing the recesses in the inner conductor 22a as a slot allows in particular a slight movement, in particular for example due to temperature expansions, of the dielectric elements 20a, 20a′, 20a′′ relative to the inner conductor 22a.
  • FIG. 1 shows a flowchart of a method for producing the inner conductor device 10a.
  • the inner conductor device 10a is produced in particular without adhesive connections.
  • the dielectric elements 20a, 20a', 20a" of the dielectric unit 18a are mechanically mounted in a defined order in a row on the carrier rail 16a.
  • the two first dielectric elements 20a are mounted on the carrier rail 16a pushed on, pushed on and/or clicked on and fixed by means of the fixing elements 27a.
  • the further dielectric elements 20a' are pushed onto the carrier rail 16a and positioned by means of the positioning unit 28a.
  • the last dielectric elements 20a" are then pushed onto the carrier rail 16a, pushed on and/or clicked on and fixed by means of the fixing elements 27a. Furthermore, in a further coupling step 34a, the inner conductor 22a is positioned on the dielectric unit 18a and fixed mechanically on the dielectric unit 18a by means of the form-fitting and/or force-fitting elements 24a.
  • the positive and / or frictional elements 24a inserted through the cutouts in the inner conductor 22a into the cutouts 26a of the dielectric elements 20a, 20a', 20a" and latched to the dielectric elements 20a, 20a', 20a".
  • the form-fitting and/or force-fitting elements 24a can be introduced, for example, with an automatic placement machine.
  • FIG. 6 another embodiment of the invention is shown.
  • the following descriptions are essentially limited to the differences between the exemplary embodiments, with regard to components, features and functions that remain the same on the description of the exemplary embodiment of FIG Figures 1 to 5 can be referred.
  • the letter a is in the reference numerals of the exemplary embodiment in FIGS Figures 1 to 5 by the letter b in the reference numerals of the embodiment of FIG figure 6 replaced.
  • figure 6 shows an alternative inner conductor device 10b with a carrier rail 16b, with a dielectric unit 18b and with an inner conductor 22b.
  • the dielectric unit 18b has a multiplicity of dielectric elements 20b".
  • the inner conductor 22b is mechanically fixed on the dielectric elements 20b.
  • the inner conductor device 10b has a plurality of form-fitting and/or force-fitting elements 24b, which are intended to mechanically fix the inner conductor 22b to be fixed on the dielectric elements 20b.
  • the positive and/or non-positive locking elements 24b are formed by separate elements which are provided for a direct connection to the inner conductor 22b and/or the dielectric elements 20b.
  • the positive and/or non-positive locking elements 24b have each has molded latching means.
  • the dielectric elements 20b each have two cutouts 26b.
  • the cutouts 26b are each arranged next to one another on an upper side of the respective dielectric element 20b.
  • the cutouts 26b are each formed by blind holes.
  • the positive and/or non-positive locking elements 24b are intended to snap into the recesses 26b of the dielectric elements 20b.
  • the dielectric elements 20b each form a latching connection with the positive and/or non-positive locking elements 24b, wherein the positive and/or non-positive locking elements 24b are each partially elastically deflected during a fastening process and then by an internal clamping force engage behind a corresponding latching element of the recess 26b of the respective dielectric element 20b.
  • the positive and/or non-positive locking elements 24b are each formed by a fixing clip.
  • the positive and/or non-positive locking elements 24b have a U-shape.
  • the positive and/or non-positive locking elements 24b are each provided to overlap the inner conductor 22b and to engage in the recesses 26b of one of the dielectric elements 20b on both sides of the inner conductor 22b.

Landscapes

  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)

Description

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Innenleitervorrichtung für einen Hohlleiter-Strahler, einen Hohlleiter-Strahler mit der Innenleitervorrichtung, ein Synthetic-Apertur-Radar-System mit zumindest einem Hohlleiter-Strahler und ein Verfahren zur Herstellung der Innenleitervorrichtung.The invention relates to an inner conductor device for a waveguide radiator, a waveguide radiator with the inner conductor device, a synthetic aperture radar system with at least one waveguide radiator and a method for producing the inner conductor device.

In der EP 2 830 156 B1 ist bereits eine Innenleitervorrichtung für einen Hohlleiter-Strahler, insbesondere für einen Hohlleiter-Strahler mit zumindest einem geschlitzten Hohlleiter, vorgeschlagen worden, mit zumindest einer Trägerschiene, mit zumindest einer auf der zumindest einen Trägerschiene angeordneten dielektrischen Einheit, die zumindest ein dielektrisches Element aufweist, und mit zumindest einem auf der zumindest einen dielektrischen Einheit angeordneten Innenleiter.In the EP 2 830 156 B1 an inner conductor device for a waveguide radiator, in particular for a waveguide radiator with at least one slotted waveguide, has already been proposed, with at least one carrier rail, with at least one dielectric unit which is arranged on the at least one carrier rail and has at least one dielectric element, and with at least one inner conductor arranged on the at least one dielectric unit.

Die geschlitzten Hohlleiter-Strahler erfordern insbesondere eine hohe Fertigungsgenauigkeit. Die EP 2 830 156 B1 offenbart hierzu beispielsweise eine Montage mittels Klebung. Hierbei kann bereits durch eine Kleberdicke die HF-Performance beeinflusst werden, wodurch es zu Streuungen oder Performance-Änderungen kommen kann. Ungleichmäßiger Auftrag von Klebermengen in der Fertigung können daher zu einer Streuung der HF-Performance führen. Es sind insbesondere kosten- und zeitaufwendige Klebeprozesse aufgrund der Aushärtung gegebenenfalls unter Druck und Temperatur notwendig.In particular, the slotted waveguide radiators require a high level of manufacturing accuracy. The EP 2 830 156 B1 discloses, for example, assembly by means of adhesive bonding. The HF performance can already be influenced by the thickness of the adhesive, which can lead to scattering or performance changes. Uneven application of adhesive quantities during production can therefore lead to a scattering of the HF performance. In particular, costly and time-consuming bonding processes are necessary because of the curing, if appropriate under pressure and temperature.

Ferner sind aus der US 2019/044226 A1 und der US 3 524 190 A ebenfalls Innenleitervorrichtungen für einen Hohlleiter-Strahler bekannt.Furthermore, from the U.S. 2019/044226 A1 and the U.S. 3,524,190 A also known inner conductor devices for a waveguide radiator.

Die Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht insbesondere darin, eine gattungsgemäße Vorrichtung mit guten Eigenschaften hinsichtlich einer Genauigkeit, insbesondere einer Positionsgenauigkeit, einer Reproduzierbarkeit sowie einer Demontierbarkeit bereitzustellen. Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die Merkmale des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst, während vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung den Unteransprüchen entnommen werden können.The object of the invention is in particular to provide a generic device with good properties in terms of accuracy, in particular positional accuracy, reproducibility and disassembly. The object is achieved according to the invention by the features of Solved patent claim 1, while advantageous embodiments and developments of the invention can be found in the dependent claims.

Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the Invention

Die Erfindung geht aus von einem Hohlleiter-Strahler mit zumindest einem geschlitzten Hohlleiter, welcher zumindest eine Fläche mit einer Mehrzahl von Schlitzen aufweist, und mit der in dem Hohlleiter angeordneten Innenleitervorrichtung mit zumindest einer Trägerschiene, mit zumindest einer auf der zumindest einen Trägerschiene angeordneten dielektrischen Einheit, die zumindest ein dielektrisches Element aufweist, und mit zumindest einem auf der zumindest einen dielektrischen Einheit angeordneten Innenleiter.The invention is based on a waveguide radiator with at least one slotted waveguide, which has at least one surface with a plurality of slots, and with the inner conductor device arranged in the waveguide with at least one carrier rail, with at least one dielectric unit arranged on the at least one carrier rail , which has at least one dielectric element, and having at least one inner conductor arranged on the at least one dielectric unit.

Es wird vorgeschlagen, dass der zumindest eine Innenleiter zumindest im Wesentlichen mechanisch auf dem zumindest einen dielektrischen Element und/oder dass das zumindest eine dielektrische Element zumindest im Wesentlichen mechanisch auf der zumindest einen Trägerschiene fixiert ist. Vorzugsweise ist der zumindest eine Innenleiter vollständig mechanisch auf dem zumindest einen dielektrischen Element und/oder das zumindest eine dielektrische Element vollständig mechanisch auf der zumindest einen Trägerschiene fixiert.It is proposed that the at least one inner conductor is at least essentially mechanically fixed on the at least one dielectric element and/or that the at least one dielectric element is at least essentially mechanically fixed on the at least one carrier rail. The at least one inner conductor is preferably fixed completely mechanically on the at least one dielectric element and/or the at least one dielectric element is fixed completely mechanically on the at least one carrier rail.

Erfindungsgemäß ist der Innenleiter abhängig von der Ausrichtung der Schlitze derart geformt, dass sich eine Speisung nach dem Wanderwellenprinzip ergibt, wobei alle Schlitze des Hohlleiters phasengleich angeregt werden können.According to the invention, the inner conductor is shaped, depending on the orientation of the slots, in such a way that feeding results according to the traveling wave principle, with all slots of the waveguide being able to be excited in phase.

Unter einer "Innenleitervorrichtung" soll in diesem Zusammenhang insbesondere eine einen Innenleiter umfassende Vorrichtung verstanden werden, die zu einer Anordnung in einem Hohlleiter, insbesondere einem geschlitzten Hohlleiter, eines Hohlleiterstrahlers vorgesehen ist. Hohlleiter-Strahler oder Gruppenantennen-Strahler, in der Literatur insbesondere auch Radiatoren oder Subarrays genannt, werden beispielsweise in Phased-Array-Antennen von Synthetic-Apertur-Radar (SAR)-Systemen mit einfacher und dualer Polarisation eingesetzt. Bisher werden als Strahler sogenannte Microstrip-Patch-Antennen oder geschlitzte Hohlleiterantennen verwendet. Weist der Hohlleiter transversale Schlitze auf, entspricht die Richtung der abgestrahlten Polarisation des Hohlleiters der Längsrichtung des Hohlleiters. Weist der geschlitzte Hohlleiter longitudinale Schlitze auf, entspricht die Richtung der abgestrahlten Polarisation des Hohlleiters der Querrichtung des Hohlleiters. Je nach Ausrichtung der Schlitze können somit entweder horizontal oder vertikal polarisierte Wellen abgestrahlt werden. Der in dem Hohlleiter angebrachte zusätzliche Innenleiter ist abhängig von der Ausrichtung der Schlitze derart geformt, dass die Schlitze des Hohlleiters phasengleich angeregt werden können. Der Hohlleiter-Strahler kann dabei insbesondere sowohl als resonanter Strahler oder im Wanderwellenprinzip ausgeführt sein. Durch den im Innenraum des geschlitzten Hohlleiters befindlichen Innenleiter, wird ein dispersionsfreier, transversal elektromagnetischer Ausbreitungsmodus unterstützt (TEM-Mode). Der Innenleiter ist polarisationsabhängig speziell geformt, um entweder longitudinale oder transversale Schlitze anregen zu können.In this context, an “inner conductor device” is to be understood in particular as a device which comprises an inner conductor and is intended to be arranged in a waveguide, in particular a slotted waveguide, of a waveguide radiator. Waveguide radiators or antenna array radiators, also called radiators or subarrays in the literature, are used, for example, in phased array antennas of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems with single and dual polarization. To date, so-called microstrip patch antennas or slotted waveguide antennas have been used as radiators. If the waveguide has transverse slots, the direction of the radiated polarization of the waveguide corresponds to the longitudinal direction of the waveguide. If the slotted waveguide has longitudinal slots, the direction of the radiated polarization of the waveguide corresponds to the transverse direction of the waveguide. Depending on the orientation of the slits, either horizontally or vertically polarized waves can be emitted. The additional inner conductor fitted in the waveguide is shaped, depending on the orientation of the slots, in such a way that the slots of the waveguide can be excited in phase. The waveguide emitter can in particular be designed both as a resonant emitter or according to the traveling wave principle. Through the slotted in the interior Inside the waveguide, a dispersion-free, transverse electromagnetic propagation mode is supported (TEM mode). The inner conductor is Specially shaped depending on polarization in order to be able to excite either longitudinal or transverse slits.

Die Trägerschiene bildet insbesondere einen Grundkörper der Innenleitervorrichtung aus, welcher zu einer Aufnahme und/oder Ausrichtung der dielektrischen Einheit und/oder des Innenleiters vorgesehen ist. Die Trägerschiene erstreckt sich entlang einerIn particular, the carrier rail forms a base body of the inner conductor device, which is provided for receiving and/or aligning the dielectric unit and/or the inner conductor. The carrier rail extends along a

Haupterstreckungsrichtung des Innenleiters insbesondere zumindest über einen Großteil einer Erstreckung, insbesondere über eine gesamte Erstreckung, des Innenleiters. Unter einer "Haupterstreckungsrichtung" eines Objekts soll dabei insbesondere eine Richtung verstanden werden, welche parallel zu einer längsten Kante eines kleinsten geometrischen Quaders verläuft, welcher das Objekt gerade noch vollständig umschließt. Unter einer "dielektrischen Einheit" soll in diesem Zusammenhang insbesondere eine Einheit verstanden werden, die zumindest teilweise, insbesondere zu einem Großteil und besonders bevorzugt vollständig, aus einem dielektrischen, insbesondere aus einem elektrisch schwach- oder nichtleitenden, Material besteht. Die dielektrische Einheit umfasst zumindest ein dielektrisches Element, welches als ein Dielektrikum ausgebildet ist. Die dielektrische Einheit umfasst in einigen hier beschriebenen Beispielen zumindest ein dielektrisches Element, aber erfindungsgemäß umfasst die dielektrische Einheit zumindest drei dielektrische Elemente.Main extension direction of the inner conductor, in particular at least over a large part of an extension, in particular over an entire extension, of the inner conductor. A "main extension direction" of an object is to be understood in particular as a direction which runs parallel to a longest edge of a smallest geometric cuboid which just about completely encloses the object. In this context, a “dielectric unit” is to be understood in particular as meaning a unit which consists at least partially, in particular for the most part and particularly preferably completely, of a dielectric material, in particular of an electrically weakly or non-conductive material. The dielectric unit comprises at least one dielectric element, which is designed as a dielectric. The dielectric unit comprises at least one dielectric element in some examples described herein, but according to the invention the dielectric unit comprises at least three dielectric elements.

Vorzugsweise bildet die dielektrische Einheit eine dielektrische Schicht zwischen dem Innenleiter und der Trägerschiene aus. Die dielektrische Einheit ist insbesondere zu einer Abschirmung des Innenleiters vorgesehen. Die Höhe bzw. Dicke der durch die dielektrische Einheit ausgebildeten dielektrischen Schicht ist entlang der Trägerschiene konstant, insbesondere für resonante Strahler, oder ungleichmäßig mit einem individuell geformten Höhenverlauf, insbesondere für Strahler nach dem Wanderwellenprinzip. Durch einen Höhenverlauf und eine Form des Innenleiters kann die Amplitude und Phase der elektrischen Feldstärke in den Schlitzen entlang des Wellenleiters gezielt beeinflusst werden, so dass sich beliebige Aperturbelegungen realisieren lassen, beispielsweise um Nebenmaxima im Antennendiagramm unterhalb eines vorgegebenen Werts zu unterdrücken. Auf gleiche Weise lässt sich auch eine homogene Amplituden- und Phasenbelegung entlang des Wellenleiters erzielen, beispielsweise um den Antennengewinn zu maximieren und die Halbwertsbreite zu minimieren.The dielectric unit preferably forms a dielectric layer between the inner conductor and the carrier rail. The dielectric unit is provided in particular for shielding the inner conductor. The height or thickness of the dielectric layer formed by the dielectric unit is constant along the carrier rail, in particular for resonant emitters, or non-uniform with an individually shaped height profile, in particular for emitters based on the traveling wave principle. The amplitude and phase of the electric field strength in the slots along the waveguide can be specifically influenced by a height profile and shape of the inner conductor, so that any aperture assignments can be implemented, for example to suppress secondary maxima in the antenna diagram below a predetermined value. In the same way, a homogeneous amplitude and phase assignment can be achieved along the waveguide, for example in order to maximize the antenna gain and minimize the FWHM.

Unter "zumindest im Wesentlichen mechanisch [...] fixiert" soll in diesem Zusammenhang insbesondere verstanden werden, dass eine Haltekraft zwischen dem zumindest einen Innenleiter und dem zumindest einen dielektrischen Element und/oder dem zumindest einen dielektrischen Element und der zumindest einen Trägerschiene zumindest zu 50%, vorzugsweise zumindest zu 70% und besonders bevorzugt zumindest zu 90% mechanisch erzeugt wird. Dabei ist insbesondere auch denkbar, dass zumindest ein Anteil der Haltekraft mechanisch erzeugt wird, während ein weiterer Anteil magnetisch erzeugt wird. Dabei soll unter "mechanisch [...] fixiert" insbesondere verstanden werden, dass zumindest zwei Bauteile mittels einer, insbesondere lösbaren, kraft- und/oder formschlüssigen Verbindung verbunden sind, wobei eine Haltekraft zwischen den zwei Bauteilen vorzugsweise durch einen geometrischen Eingriff der Bauteile ineinander und/oder eine Reibkraft zwischen den Bauteilen übertragen wird. Eine Verbindung kann dabei beispielsweise mittels einer Rastverbindung, einer Nietverbindung, einer Steckverbindung und/oder einer Schraubverbindung realisiert sein. Die mechanische Verbindung ist dabei insbesondere frei von einer Klebeverbindung. Unter "formschlüssig" soll insbesondere verstanden werden, dass aneinanderliegende Flächen von miteinander formschlüssig verbundenen Bauteilen eine in Normalenrichtung der Flächen wirkende Haltekraft aufeinander ausüben. Insbesondere befinden sich die Bauteile in einem geometrischen Eingriff miteinander. Unter "vorgesehen" soll insbesondere speziell programmiert, ausgelegt und/oder ausgestattet verstanden werden. Darunter, dass ein Objekt zu einer bestimmten Funktion vorgesehen ist, soll insbesondere verstanden werden, dass das Objekt diese bestimmte Funktion in zumindest einem Anwendungs- und/oder Betriebszustand erfüllt und/oder ausführt.In this context, "at least essentially mechanically [...] fixed" is to be understood in particular as meaning that a holding force between the at least one inner conductor and the at least one dielectric element and/or the at least one dielectric element and the at least one carrier rail at least 50% preferably at least 70% and particularly preferably at least 90% is produced mechanically. It is in particular also conceivable that at least a proportion of the holding force is generated mechanically, while a further proportion is generated magnetically. "Mechanically fixed" is to be understood in particular as meaning that at least two components are connected by means of a, in particular detachable, non-positive and/or positive connection, with a holding force between the two components preferably being achieved by a geometric engagement of the components into each other and/or a frictional force is transmitted between the components. A connection can be realized, for example, by means of a snap-in connection, a rivet connection, a plug-in connection and/or a screw connection. The mechanical connection is in particular free of an adhesive connection. “Form-fitting” is to be understood in particular as meaning that surfaces of components that are connected to one another in a form-fitting manner that lie against one another exert a holding force on one another that acts in the normal direction of the surfaces. In particular, the components are in a geometric engagement with one another. “Provided” should be understood to mean, in particular, specially programmed, designed and/or equipped. The fact that an object is provided for a specific function is to be understood in particular to mean that the object fulfills and/or executes this specific function in at least one application and/or operating state.

Durch die erfindungsgemäße Ausgestaltung der Innenleitervorrichtung kann insbesondere eine vorteilhaft leicht zu montierende Innenleitervorrichtung bereitgestellt werden. Es kann insbesondere eine sehr einfache und schnelle Montierbarkeit der Vorrichtung erreicht werden. Dies wird insbesondere durch eine nur punktuelle Fixierung und damit gleichzeitige Positionierung der Komponenten erreicht, welche bevorzugt durch mechanische, lösbare Verbindungen realisiert werden. Dadurch wird auch bei einem Defekt eines Bauteils eine Reparatur einzelner Komponenten möglich, was bei einer Serienfertigung für sehr geringen Ausschuss sorgt. Es kann insbesondere eine Demontierbarkeit und Wiederverwendbarkeit der einzelnen Bauteile erreicht werden. Ferner kann eine hohe Präzision der Innenleitervorrichtung sowie eine hohe Reproduzierbarkeit erreicht werden. Zudem kann eine hohe Genauigkeit, insbesondere eine Positionsgenauigkeit, der Bauteile der Innenleitervorrichtung relativ zueinander erreicht werden. Es kann insbesondere eine vorteilhafte Reproduzierbarkeit und Positionsgenauigkeit der Teile der Innenleitervorrichtung kostengünstig und effizient gewährleistet werden. Es kann insbesondere eine Fertigung ohne Klebeprozess mit schnell zu fügenden Elementen erreicht werden, die eine hohe Passgenauigkeit haben. Es kann insbesondere eine effiziente und kostengünstige Montage der Innenleitervorrichtung unabhängig von einer Montagevorrichtung erreicht werden. Dadurch kann insbesondere ein vorteilhaft schnell und einfach herstellbarer Hohlleiter-Strahler bereitgestellt werden. Ferner kann insbesondere eine vorteilhafte Reparierbarkeit erreicht werden. Es können insbesondere gezielt einzelne Elemente ausgetauscht werden.The configuration of the inner conductor device according to the invention makes it possible in particular to provide an inner conductor device that is advantageously easy to assemble. In particular, the device can be assembled very easily and quickly. This is achieved in particular by fixing the components only at certain points and thus simultaneously positioning them, which are preferably implemented by mechanical, detachable connections. This means that even if a component is defective, individual components can be repaired, which ensures very little waste in series production. In particular, the individual components can be dismantled and reused. Furthermore, high precision of the inner conductor device and high reproducibility can be achieved. In addition, a high degree of accuracy, in particular a positional accuracy, of the components of the inner conductor device relative to one another can be achieved. In particular, an advantageous reproducibility and positional accuracy of the parts of the inner conductor device can be achieved cost-effectively and efficiently be guaranteed. In particular, production without an adhesive process can be achieved with elements that can be joined quickly and have a high degree of accuracy of fit. In particular, an efficient and cost-effective assembly of the inner conductor device can be achieved independently of an assembly device. In this way, in particular, a waveguide emitter that can advantageously be produced quickly and easily can be provided. Furthermore, in particular, an advantageous repairability can be achieved. In particular, individual elements can be exchanged in a targeted manner.

Ferner wird vorgeschlagen, dass die Innenleitervorrichtung zumindest ein Form- und/oder Kraftschlusselement aufweist, welches dazu vorgesehen ist, den zumindest einen Innenleiter mechanisch auf dem zumindest einen dielektrischen Element zu fixieren. Das Form- und/oder Kraftschlusselement ist insbesondere von einem separaten Element gebildet, welches zu einer direkten Verbindung mit dem Innenleiter und/oder dem dielektrischen Element vorgesehen ist. Unter einem "Form- und/oder Kraftschlusselement" soll in diesem Zusammenhang insbesondere ein Element verstanden werden, welches zur Herstellung einer form- und/oder kraftschlüssigen Verbindung zwischen zumindest zwei Bauteilen vorgesehen ist. Vorzugsweise soll darunter insbesondere ein Verbindungselement verstanden werden, welches dazu vorgesehen ist, mit zumindest einem, insbesondere mit zumindest zwei, der zumindest zwei zu verbindenden Bauteile direkt eine form- und/oder kraftschlüssige Verbindung einzugehen. Es sind verschiedene, einem Fachmann als sinnvoll erscheinende Ausgestaltungen des Form- und/oder Kraftschlusselements denkbar, wie beispielsweise als ein Pin, als ein Keil, als ein Raststift, als eine Klammer und/oder als eine Schraube. Vorzugsweise weist das Form- und/oder Kraftschlusselement ein angeformtes Rastmittel auf. Unter einem "Rastmittel" soll in diesem Zusammenhang insbesondere ein federelastisches Mittel zur Herstellung einer Rastverbindung verstanden werden, das dazu vorgesehen ist, bei einer Montage elastisch ausgelenkt zu werden. Dadurch kann insbesondere eine vorteilhafte Verbindung zwischen dem zumindest einen Innenleiter und dem zumindest einen dielektrischen Element bereitgestellt werden. Es kann insbesondere eine vorteilhaft sichere und leicht herzustellende Verbindung zwischen dem zumindest einen Innenleiter und dem zumindest einen dielektrischen Element bereitgestellt werden. Insbesondere kann dadurch eine Fixierung über ein separates Element erreicht werden, sodass eine Anpassung des Innenleiters vorteilhaft gering ist. Ferner kann eine Demontierbarkeit der Teile für den Fall einer Reparatur oder Nacharbeit gewährleistet werden. Ferner kann hierdurch eine Wiederverwendbarkeit der teuren Frästeile bei einer Reparatur oder Demontage erreicht werden. Es kann insbesondere ein Zeitverlust durch eine Wiederbeschaffung des Teils vermieden werden.Furthermore, it is proposed that the inner conductor device has at least one positive and/or non-positive connection element, which is provided for mechanically fixing the at least one inner conductor on the at least one dielectric element. The form-fitting and/or force-fitting element is in particular formed by a separate element which is provided for a direct connection to the inner conductor and/or the dielectric element. In this context, a “positive and/or non-positive locking element” is to be understood in particular as an element which is provided for producing a positive and/or non-positive connection between at least two components. Preferably, this is to be understood in particular as a connecting element which is intended to directly enter into a positive and/or non-positive connection with at least one, in particular with at least two, of the at least two components to be connected. Various configurations of the positive and/or non-positive locking element that appear sensible to a person skilled in the art are conceivable, such as a pin, a wedge, a locking pin, a clip and/or a screw. The positive and/or force-fitting element preferably has a latching means formed on it. In this context, a “latching means” is to be understood in particular as meaning a spring-elastic means for producing a latching connection, which is intended to be elastically deflected during assembly. In this way, in particular, an advantageous connection can be provided between the at least one inner conductor and the at least one dielectric element. In particular, an advantageously secure connection that is easy to produce can be provided between the at least one inner conductor and the at least one dielectric element. In this way, in particular, a fixation can be achieved via a separate element, so that an adaptation of the inner conductor is advantageously small. Furthermore, a The parts can be dismantled in the event of repairs or rework. Furthermore, this allows the expensive milled parts to be reused when repairing or dismantling. In particular, a loss of time by replacing the part can be avoided.

Des Weiteren wird vorgeschlagen, dass das zumindest eine dielektrische Element zumindest eine Aussparung aufweist und das zumindest eine Form- und/oder Kraftschlusselement dazu vorgesehen ist, in der Aussparung des dielektrischen Elements zu verrasten. Vorzugsweise bildet das dielektrische Element mit dem Form- und/oder Kraftschlusselement eine Rastverbindung aus, wobei das Form- und/oder Kraftschlusselement bei einem Befestigungsvorgang vorzugsweise elastisch ausgelenkt wird, um anschließend durch eine innere Spannkraft hinter einem korrespondierenden Rastelement, insbesondere der Aussparung des dielektrischen Elements, einzurasten. Die Aussparung des dielektrischen Elements ist insbesondere von einer Rastaussparung gebildet. Vorzugsweise weist das dielektrische Element an einer die Aussparung begrenzenden Fläche insbesondere einen umlaufenden Rastkragen auf. Bevorzugt ist die Aussparung von einer Durchgangsbohrung gebildet. Es wäre jedoch auch denkbar, dass die Aussparung von einem Sackloch gebildet ist. Dadurch kann insbesondere eine vorteilhaft einfach herzustellende Verbindung erreicht werden. Ferner kann dadurch insbesondere eine direkte Verbindung realisiert werden.Furthermore, it is proposed that the at least one dielectric element has at least one cutout and that the at least one positive and/or non-positive fit element is provided to latch in the cutout of the dielectric element. The dielectric element preferably forms a snap-in connection with the positive and/or non-positive locking element, with the positive and/or non-positive locking element being preferably elastically deflected during a fastening process, in order to then be deflected behind a corresponding locking element, in particular the recess of the dielectric element, by an internal clamping force , snap into place. The cutout of the dielectric element is formed in particular by a latching cutout. The dielectric element preferably has, in particular, a circumferential latching collar on a surface delimiting the cutout. The recess is preferably formed by a through hole. However, it would also be conceivable for the recess to be formed by a blind hole. In this way, in particular, a connection that is advantageously easy to produce can be achieved. Furthermore, in particular a direct connection can be implemented as a result.

Es wird ferner vorgeschlagen, dass das zumindest eine Form- und/oder Kraftschlusselement von einem Fixierstift gebildet ist. Vorzugsweise ist das Form- und/oder Kraftschlusselement von einem Pin gebildet. Besonders bevorzugt weist das Form- und/oder Kraftschlusselement einen tellerförmigen Kopf sowie einen an den Kopf angeformten Raststift auf. Grundsätzlich wäre jedoch auch eine andere, einem Fachmann als sinnvoll erscheinende Ausgestaltung des Form- und/oder Kraftschlusselements denkbar. Vorzugsweise ist das Form- und/oder Kraftschlusselement dazu vorgesehen, sich durch eine Aussparung in dem Innenleiter in die Aussparung des dielektrischen Elements zu erstrecken. Dadurch kann insbesondere eine vorteilhaft einfach herzustellende, mechanische Verbindung erreicht werden. Ferner kann dadurch insbesondere eine vorteilhaft sichere und gleichmäßige Verbindung erreicht werden, welche einen vorteilhaft geringen Störeinfluss aufweist. Ein weiterer Vorteil des genannten Konzepts ist die Möglichkeit einer teilweisen oder vollständigen Automatisierbarkeit, z.B. mittels Bestückungsautomat oder Robotereinsatz.It is also proposed that the at least one positive and/or frictional element is formed by a fixing pin. The positive and/or non-positive locking element is preferably formed by a pin. Particularly preferably, the positive and/or non-positive locking element has a plate-shaped head and a latching pin formed onto the head. In principle, however, a different configuration of the positive and/or non-positive locking element that would appear sensible to a person skilled in the art would also be conceivable. The form-fitting and/or force-fitting element is preferably provided to extend through a cutout in the inner conductor into the cutout of the dielectric element. In this way, in particular, a mechanical connection that is advantageously easy to produce can be achieved. Furthermore, in particular an advantageously secure and uniform connection can be achieved in this way, which has an advantageously low interference effect. Another advantage of the concept mentioned is the possibility of partial or complete automation, e.g. by means of an automatic placement machine or the use of robots.

Es wird weiter vorgeschlagen, dass die zumindest eine Trägerschiene zumindest ein Fixierungselement aufweist, welches dazu vorgesehen ist, das zumindest eine dielektrische Element der dielektrischen Einheit zumindest teilweise relativ zu der Trägerschiene zu fixieren. Vorzugsweise weist die Trägerschiene auf zwei voneinander abgewandten Seiten jeweils eine entlang der Haupterstreckungsrichtung der Trägerschiene verlaufende Rastkante auf. Bevorzugt verlaufen die Rastkanten entlang einer gesamten Erstreckung der Trägerschiene. Vorzugsweise ist das zumindest eine dielektrische Element dazu vorgesehen, mit den Rastkanten zu verrasten. Besonders bevorzugt ist das zumindest eine dielektrische Element mittels der Rastkanten quer zu einer Haupterstreckungsrichtung fixiert. Das Fixierungselement ist insbesondere dazu vorgesehen, das zumindest eine dielektrische Element zumindest entlang einer Längsrichtung der Trägerschiene, insbesondere spielfrei zu fixieren. Es sind verschiedene, einem Fachmann als sinnvoll erscheinende Ausgestaltungen des Fixierungselements denkbar. Vorzugsweise ist das Fixierungselement von einem Stift, insbesondere einem Passstift, gebildet, welcher dazu vorgesehen ist, in eine Aussparung des zumindest einen dielektrischen Elements einzugreifen. Grundsätzlich wäre jedoch auch eine andere, einem Fachmann als sinnvoll erscheinende Ausgestaltung des Fixierungselements denkbar, wie insbesondere als eine integrierte Rastmarke. Bevorzugt ist das Fixierungselement dazu vorgesehen, das zumindest eine dielektrische Element in einer definierten Position relativ zu der Trägerschiene auf der Trägerschiene zu positionieren und zu fixieren. Dadurch kann insbesondere eine sehr einfache und schnelle Montierbarkeit der Vorrichtung erreicht werden. Ferner kann eine hohe Präzision der Innenleitervorrichtung sowie eine hohe Reproduzierbarkeit erreicht werden. Der letzte Freiheitsgrad der dielektrischen Einheit in Trägerschienenrichtung kann über das Fixierungselement fixiert werden.It is further proposed that the at least one carrier rail has at least one fixing element, which is provided to at least partially fix the at least one dielectric element of the dielectric unit relative to the carrier rail. Preferably, the support rail has two of each other Facing away sides each have a locking edge running along the main extension direction of the carrier rail. The latching edges preferably run along the entire extent of the carrier rail. The at least one dielectric element is preferably provided to latch with the latching edges. The at least one dielectric element is particularly preferably fixed transversely to a main extension direction by means of the latching edges. The fixing element is provided in particular to fix the at least one dielectric element at least along a longitudinal direction of the carrier rail, in particular without play. Various configurations of the fixing element which appear sensible to a person skilled in the art are conceivable. The fixing element is preferably formed by a pin, in particular a dowel pin, which is intended to engage in a recess in the at least one dielectric element. In principle, however, another configuration of the fixing element that would appear sensible to a person skilled in the art would also be conceivable, such as in particular as an integrated locking mark. The fixing element is preferably provided for positioning and fixing the at least one dielectric element in a defined position relative to the carrier rail on the carrier rail. In this way, in particular, the device can be assembled very easily and quickly. Furthermore, high precision of the inner conductor device and high reproducibility can be achieved. The last degree of freedom of the dielectric unit in the carrier rail direction can be fixed via the fixing element.

Erfindungsgemäß wird vorgeschlagen, dass die zumindest eine dielektrische Einheit zumindest drei dielektrische Elemente aufweist. Vorzugsweise sind die zumindest drei dielektrischen Elemente zumindest teilweise verschieden zueinander ausgebildet. Bevorzugt weisen zumindest zwei der zumindest drei dielektrischen Elemente voneinander verschiedene Höhen auf. Die dielektrische Einheit weist insbesondere zumindest vier, vorzugsweise zumindest acht, bevorzugt zumindest 12 und besonders bevorzugt zumindest 16 dielektrische Elemente auf. Die Anzahl der dielektrischen Elemente wird insbesondere je nach Antennengröße frei gewählt. Besonders bevorzugt ist die Anzahl der dielektrischen Elemente der dielektrischen Einheit von einer geraden Zahl gebildet. Insbesondere weist die dielektrische Einheit verschiedene dielektrische Elemente auf, wobei immer jeweils zwei dielektrische Elemente identisch oder spiegelverkehrt ausgebildet sind. Dadurch kann insbesondere ein vorteilhaft modularer Aufbau der Innenleitervorrichtung erreicht werden.According to the invention, it is proposed that the at least one dielectric unit has at least three dielectric elements. The at least three dielectric elements are preferably designed to be different from one another, at least in part. At least two of the at least three dielectric elements preferably have different heights from one another. The dielectric unit has in particular at least four, preferably at least eight, preferably at least 12 and particularly preferably at least 16 dielectric elements. The number of dielectric elements is freely selected, in particular depending on the antenna size. More preferably, the number of dielectric elements of the dielectric unit is an even number. In particular, the dielectric unit has different dielectric Elements on, always two dielectric elements are formed identically or mirrored. Through this In particular, an advantageously modular design of the inner conductor device can be achieved.

Erfindungsgemäß wird vorgeschlagen, dass die dielektrischen Elemente zumindest in einer Reihe formschlüssig auf der Trägerschiene angeordnet sind. Vorzugsweise sind die dielektrischen Elemente hintereinander auf die Trägerschiene aufgeschoben, aufgesteckt und/oder aufgeklickt. Es wäre jedoch auch denkbar, dass die dielektrischen Elemente in mehreren Reihen auf die Trägerschiene aufgebracht sind. Vorzugsweise weist die dielektrische Einheit zwei Gruppen von dielektrischen Elementen auf, die jeweils auf gegenüberliegenden Seiten der Trägerschiene angeordnet sind. Die dielektrischen Elemente sind insbesondere in einer Flucht angeordnet, wobei die dielektrische Einheit in einem Mittelbereich der Trägerschiene unterbrochen ist. Vorzugsweise, insbesondere bei Strahlern nach dem Wanderwellenprinzip nimmt eine Höhe der dielektrischen Elemente zu beiden Endbereich der Trägerschiene von dem Mittelbereich der Trägerschiene her zu. Grundsätzlich wäre jedoch auch ein anderer, einem Fachmann als sinnvoll erscheinender Höhenverlauf denkbar. Dadurch kann insbesondere ein vorteilhaft modularer Aufbau der Innenleitervorrichtung erreicht werden. Es kann insbesondere eine vorteilhaft variable Anordnung der dielektrischen Elemente auf die Trägerschiene erreicht werden. Ferner kann eine Demontierbarkeit der Teile für den Fall einer Reparatur oder einer Nacharbeit gewährleistet werden.According to the invention, it is proposed that the dielectric elements are arranged in a form-fitting manner on the carrier rail, at least in one row. The dielectric elements are preferably pushed, plugged and/or clicked onto the carrier rail one behind the other. However, it would also be conceivable for the dielectric elements to be applied to the carrier rail in a number of rows. Preferably, the dielectric unit comprises two groups of dielectric elements, each arranged on opposite sides of the support rail. The dielectric elements are in particular arranged in a row, with the dielectric unit being interrupted in a central area of the carrier rail. Preferably, in particular in the case of emitters based on the traveling wave principle, the height of the dielectric elements increases towards both end regions of the carrier rail from the middle region of the carrier rail. In principle, however, a different height curve that would appear sensible to a person skilled in the art would also be conceivable. In this way, in particular, an advantageously modular design of the inner conductor device can be achieved. In particular, an advantageously variable arrangement of the dielectric elements on the carrier rail can be achieved. Furthermore, the ability to dismantle the parts in the event of repairs or rework can be guaranteed.

Zudem wird vorgeschlagen, dass die dielektrischen Elemente der dielektrischen Einheit zumindest teilweise unterschiedliche Höhen und/oder unterschiedliche Materialstärken aufweisen. Bevorzugt weist die dielektrische Einheit dielektrische Elemente mit verschiedenen Höhen und/oder unterschiedlichen Materialstärken auf, wobei insbesondere immer jeweils zwei dielektrische Elemente dieselbe Höhe und/oder Materialstärke aufweisen. Vorzugsweise weist die dielektrische Einheit mehrere Paare von dielektrischen Elementen auf, die jeweils dieselbe Höhe und/oder Materialstärke aufweisen. Die dielektrischen Elemente eines Paars sind insbesondere auf gegenüberliegenden Seiten der Innenleitervorrichtung angeordnet. Insbesondere sind dielektrischen Elemente eines Paars auf gegenüberliegenden Seiten der Innenleitervorrichtung relativ zu einem geometrischen Mittelpunkt der Innenleitervorrichtung angeordnet. Die Paare von dielektrischen Elementen sind insbesondere alle zu einem geometrischen Mittelpunkt der Innenleitervorrichtung symmetrisch angeordnet. Ein Speisepunkt der Innenleitervorrichtung muss dabei insbesondere nicht in dem geometrischen Mittelpunkt der Innenleitervorrichtung angeordnet sein. Unter einer "Höhe" eines dielektrischen Elements soll in diesem Zusammenhang insbesondere eine Erstreckung des dielektrischen Elements senkrecht zu der Haupterstreckungsrichtung, insbesondere einer Haupterstreckungsebene, der Trägerschiene verstanden werden. Unter einer "Haupterstreckungsebene" einer Baueinheit soll insbesondere eine Ebene verstanden werden, welche parallel zu einer größten Seitenfläche eines kleinsten gedachten Quaders ist, welcher die Baueinheit gerade noch vollständig umschließt, und insbesondere durch den Mittelpunkt des Quaders verläuft. Durch den Höhenverlauf und insbesondere auch eine Form des Innenleiters kann die Amplitude und Phase der elektrischen Feldstärke in den Schlitzen entlang des Wellenleiters gezielt beeinflusst werden, so dass sich beliebige Aperturbelegungen realisieren lassen, beispielsweise um Nebenmaxima im Antennendiagramm unterhalb eines vorgegebenen Werts zu unterdrücken.Die dielektrischen Elemente weisen insbesondere unterschiedliche effektive Permittivitäten auf, wobei die unterschiedlichen effektiven Permittivitäten der dielektrischen Elemente insbesondere durch unterschiedliche Höhen und/oder unterschiedliche Materialstärken erreicht werden. Dadurch kann insbesondere ein vorteilhaft modularer Aufbau der Innenleitervorrichtung erreicht werden.In addition, it is proposed that the dielectric elements of the dielectric unit at least partially have different heights and/or different material thicknesses. The dielectric unit preferably has dielectric elements with different heights and/or different material thicknesses, with two dielectric elements in particular always having the same height and/or material thickness. The dielectric unit preferably has a plurality of pairs of dielectric elements, each of which has the same height and/or material thickness. In particular, the dielectric elements of a pair are arranged on opposite sides of the inner conductor device. In particular, a pair of dielectric elements are arranged on opposite sides of the inner conductor device relative to a geometric center point of the inner conductor device. In particular, the pairs of dielectric elements are all arranged symmetrically with respect to a geometric center point of the inner conductor device. A feeding point of the inner conductor device must be included in particular not be arranged in the geometric center of the inner conductor device. In this context, a “height” of a dielectric element is to be understood in particular as an extension of the dielectric element perpendicular to the main extension direction, in particular a main extension plane, of the carrier rail. A "main extension plane" of a structural unit is to be understood in particular as a plane which is parallel to a largest side surface of an imaginary cuboid which just completely encloses the structural unit and in particular runs through the center point of the cuboid. The amplitude and phase of the electric field strength in the slots along the waveguide can be specifically influenced by the height profile and in particular the shape of the inner conductor, so that any aperture assignments can be implemented, for example to suppress secondary maxima in the antenna diagram below a specified value.The dielectric In particular, elements have different effective permittivities, the different effective permittivities of the dielectric elements being achieved in particular by different heights and/or different material thicknesses. In this way, in particular, an advantageously modular design of the inner conductor device can be achieved.

Es wird ferner vorgeschlagen, dass das zumindest eine dielektrische Element der dielektrischen Einheit als ein offener oder geschlossener Hohlkörper ausgebildet ist. Vorzugsweise begrenzt das zumindest eine dielektrische Element zumindest teilweise einen Hohlraum. Der Hohlraum kann dabei sowohl abgeschlossen als auch zu einer Umgebung geöffnet ausgebildet sein. Vorzugsweise ist der Hohlraum zu zumindest zwei, bevorzugt zu zumindest drei Seiten hin durch das dielektrische Element begrenzt. Bevorzugt ist der Hohlraum von einem rechteckigen Volumen gebildet. Das zumindest eine dielektrische Element weist vorzugsweise einen zumindest annähernd U-förmigen Querschnitt auf. Vorzugsweise weist das zumindest eine dielektrische Element in einer Schnittebene senkrecht zu einer Haupterstreckungsrichtung des dielektrischen Elements einen zumindest annähernd U-förmigen Querschnitt auf. Das dielektrische Element besteht insbesondere aus einem Kunststoff. Dadurch können insbesondere schnell und einfach zu beschaffende Materialien eingesetzt werden, wodurch die Vorrichtungskosten vorteilhaft gering gehalten werden können. Dadurch kann insbesondere vorteilhaft eine effektive Permittivität des dielektrischen Elements beeinflusst, insbesondere angepasst, werden. Ferner kann dadurch eine vorteilhafte Montage des dielektrischen Elements auf der Trägerschiene erreicht werden.It is further proposed that the at least one dielectric element of the dielectric unit is designed as an open or closed hollow body. The at least one dielectric element preferably at least partially delimits a cavity. The cavity can be both closed and open to the environment. The cavity is preferably delimited by the dielectric element on at least two, preferably on at least three, sides. The cavity is preferably formed by a rectangular volume. The at least one dielectric element preferably has an at least approximately U-shaped cross section. The at least one dielectric element preferably has an at least approximately U-shaped cross section in a sectional plane perpendicular to a main extension direction of the dielectric element. The dielectric element consists in particular of a plastic. As a result, in particular, materials that can be obtained quickly and easily can be used, as a result of which the device costs can advantageously be kept low. As a result, an effective permittivity of the dielectric element can be influenced, in particular adapted, in a particularly advantageous manner become. Furthermore, an advantageous mounting of the dielectric element on the carrier rail can be achieved as a result.

Es wird weiter vorgeschlagen, dass die Innenleitervorrichtung eine Positionierungseinheit aufweist, welche dazu vorgesehen ist, zumindest eines der dielektrischen Elemente der dielektrischen Einheit schwimmend relativ zu der Trägerschiene zu positionieren. Vorzugsweise weist die Positionierungseinheit zumindest ein erstes Positionierungsmittel, welches fest, insbesondere einstückig, mit der Trägerschiene ausgebildet ist und zumindest ein zweites Positionierungsmittel auf, welches fest, insbesondere einstückig, mit zumindest einem der dielektrischen Elemente ausgebildet ist. Bevorzugt wirken das zumindest eine erste Positionierungsmittel und das zumindest eine zweite Positionierungsmittel in einem montierten Zustand der dielektrischen Elemente auf der Trägerschiene zu einer Positionierung des zumindest einen dielektrischen Elements der dielektrischen Einheit relativ zu der Trägerschiene zusammen. Besonders bevorzugt wirken das zumindest eine erste Positionierungsmittel und das zumindest eine zweite Positionierungsmittel insbesondere derart zusammen, dass das dielektrische Element mit einem definierten Spiel an der Trägerschiene fixiert ist. Vorzugsweise ist das Fixierungselement der Trägerschiene dazu vorgesehen, zumindest ein erstes der dielektrischen Elemente starr auf der Trägerschiene zu fixieren, wobei zumindest ein an das erste dielektrische Element angrenzendes dielektrisches Element der dielektrischen Elemente der dielektrischen Einheit dazu vorgesehen ist, mittels der Positionierungseinheit schwimmend relativ zu der Trägerschiene positioniert zu werden. Durch die Segmentierung der dielektrischen Einheit und mittels der Positionierungseinheit und/oder des Fixierungselements der Trägerschiene kann ein aus thermoelastischer Sicht stabiles System aufgebaut werden. Es können insbesondere vorteilhaft Längenausdehnungen der dielektrischen Elemente ausgeglichen werden. Vorzugsweise sind dafür zudem Spalte zwischen den dielektrischen Elementen vorgesehen, diese kompensieren insbesondere die unterschiedlichen Längenausdehnungen. Nur der Unterschied des Längenausdehnungskoeffizienten zwischen dem Innenleiter und der Trägerschiene spielt eine Rolle für die thermoelastische Stabilität des Systems. Die eingesetzte segmentierte dielektrische Einheit ruft aufgrund ihres relativen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten im Vergleich zu der Trägerschiene im Betrieb unter Temperaturänderungen insbesondere keine unzulässige Variation der HF-Performance hervor.It is further proposed that the inner conductor device has a positioning unit which is provided for positioning at least one of the dielectric elements of the dielectric unit in a floating manner relative to the carrier rail. The positioning unit preferably has at least one first positioning means which is fixed, in particular in one piece, with the carrier rail and at least one second positioning means which is fixed, in particular in one piece, with at least one of the dielectric elements. The at least one first positioning means and the at least one second positioning means preferably interact in a mounted state of the dielectric elements on the carrier rail to position the at least one dielectric element of the dielectric unit relative to the carrier rail. The at least one first positioning means and the at least one second positioning means particularly preferably interact in particular in such a way that the dielectric element is fixed to the carrier rail with a defined play. Preferably, the fixing element of the carrier rail is intended to fix at least a first of the dielectric elements rigidly on the carrier rail, wherein at least one dielectric element of the dielectric elements of the dielectric unit, which is adjacent to the first dielectric element, is intended to be floating by means of the positioning unit relative to the To be positioned carrier rail. By segmenting the dielectric unit and by means of the positioning unit and/or the fixing element of the carrier rail, a system that is stable from a thermoelastic point of view can be constructed. Length expansions of the dielectric elements can be compensated for in a particularly advantageous manner. In addition, gaps between the dielectric elements are preferably provided for this purpose; these compensate in particular for the different linear expansions. Only the difference in the coefficient of linear expansion between the inner conductor and the carrier rail plays a role in the thermoelastic stability of the system. Due to its relative coefficient of expansion compared to the carrier rail, the segmented dielectric unit used does not in particular cause any impermissible variation in the HF performance during operation under temperature changes.

Durch die Segmentierung der dielektrischen Einheit und die Anordnung der Fixierungen kann eine aus thermoelastischer Sicht stabile Innenleitervorrichtung aufgebaut werden. Insbesondere wenn bei jedem dielektrischen Element der dielektrischen Einheit die Fixierung des Innenleiters genau über der Fixierung des dielektrischen Elements, insbesondere mit der Trägerschiene, liegt, spielt die Längenausdehnung der dielektrischen Elemente innerhalb des Systems der Innenleitervorrichtung keine Rolle. Grund hierfür sind die Spalte zwischen den dielektrischen Elementen. Zwischen den dielektrischen Elementen sind insbesondere Spalte angeordnet, welche einer maximal vorgesehenen thermischen Längenausdehnung der dielektrischen Elemente entspricht. Die Spalte kompensieren die unterschiedlichen Längenausdehnungen. Nur der Unterschied des Längenausdehnungskoeffizienten zwischen Innenleiter und Trägerschiene spielt eine Rolle für die thermoelastische Stabilität der Innenleitervorrichtung. Ein weiterer Vorteil ist die sehr einfache und schnelle Montierbarkeit der Innenleitervorrichtung. Dies wird durch die nur punktuelle Fixierung und damit gleichzeitige Positionierung der Komponenten erreicht, welche bevorzugt durch lösbare Verbindungen realisiert werden. Dadurch wird auch bei einem Defekt eines Bauteils eine Reparatur einzelner Komponenten möglich, was bei einer Serienfertigung für sehr geringen Ausschuss sorgt. Es lassen sich insbesondere Strahler auf Basis von geschlitzten Koaxialleitern mit hoher Reproduzierbarkeit und Genauigkeit fertigen, um die gewünschten HF-Eigenschaften zu gewährleisten. Auch bei Abwandlung der Geometrie oder Versuchen werden insbesondere keine zusätzlichen oder neuen Werkzeuge zur Integration benötigt.Through the segmentation of the dielectric unit and the arrangement of the fixings, an inner conductor device that is stable from a thermoelastic point of view can be constructed. In particular, when the fixing of the inner conductor in each dielectric element of the dielectric unit lies exactly above the fixing of the dielectric element, in particular with the carrier rail, the linear expansion of the dielectric elements within the system of the inner conductor device is irrelevant. This is due to the gaps between the dielectric elements. In particular, gaps are arranged between the dielectric elements, which corresponds to a maximum intended thermal linear expansion of the dielectric elements. The gaps compensate for the different linear expansions. Only the difference in the coefficient of linear expansion between the inner conductor and the carrier rail plays a role in the thermoelastic stability of the inner conductor device. Another advantage is that the inner conductor device can be installed very easily and quickly. This is achieved by only selectively fixing and thus simultaneously positioning the components, which are preferably implemented using detachable connections. This means that even if a component is defective, individual components can be repaired, which ensures very little waste in series production. In particular, radiators based on slotted coaxial conductors can be manufactured with high reproducibility and accuracy in order to ensure the desired HF properties. In particular, no additional or new tools are required for integration, even if the geometry is modified or tests are carried out.

Des Weiteren geht die Erfindung aus von einem Synthetic-Apertur-Radar-System, insbesondere hochauflösendem Synthetic-Apertur-Radar-System, mit dem zumindest einen Hohlleiter-Strahler.Furthermore, the invention is based on a synthetic aperture radar system, in particular a high-resolution synthetic aperture radar system, with the at least one waveguide radiator.

Ferner geht die Erfindung aus von einem Verfahren zur Herstellung des HohlleiterStrahlers mit der Innenleitervorrichtung. Es wird vorzugsweise vorgeschlagen, dass in zumindest einem Kopplungsschritt die dielektrischen Elemente der dielektrischen Einheit in einer definierten Reihenfolge zumindest in einer Reihe auf die Trägerschiene mechanisch montiert werden. Vorzugsweise werden die dielektrischen Elemente hintereinander auf die Trägerschiene aufgesteckt und/oder aufgeschoben. Es wäre jedoch auch denkbar, dass die dielektrischen Elemente in mehreren Reihen auf die Trägerschiene aufgebracht werden. Vorzugsweise weist die dielektrische Einheit zwei Gruppen von dielektrischen Elementen auf, die jeweils auf gegenüberliegenden Seiten der Trägerschiene in einer Reihe auf die Trägerschiene mechanisch montiert werden. Dadurch kann insbesondere ein vorteilhaft modularer Aufbau der Innenleitervorrichtung erreicht werden. Es kann insbesondere eine vorteilhaft variable Anordnung der dielektrischen Elemente auf die Trägerschiene erreicht werden. Es kann insbesondere eine effiziente und kostengünstige Herstellung der Innenleitervorrichtung unabhängig von einer Montagevorrichtung erreicht werden.Furthermore, the invention is based on a method for producing the waveguide radiator with the inner conductor device. It is preferably proposed that in at least one Coupling step, the dielectric elements of the dielectric unit are mechanically mounted in a defined order, at least in one row, on the carrier rail. The dielectric elements are preferably plugged and/or slid onto the carrier rail one behind the other. However, it would also be conceivable for the dielectric elements to be applied to the carrier rail in a plurality of rows. Preferably, the dielectric unit comprises two sets of dielectric elements mechanically mounted in a row on the support rail, respectively on opposite sides of the support rail. In this way, in particular, an advantageously modular design of the inner conductor device can be achieved. In particular, an advantageously variable arrangement of the dielectric elements on the carrier rail can be achieved. In particular, an efficient and cost-effective production of the inner conductor device can be achieved independently of an assembly device.

Es wird weiter vorgeschlagen, dass in zumindest einem Kopplungsschritt der Innenleiter auf der dielektrischen Einheit positioniert und mittels zumindest eines Form- und/oder Kraftschlusselements mechanisch auf der dielektrischen Einheit fixiert wird. Das Form- und/oder Kraftschlusselement ist insbesondere von einem separaten Element gebildet, welches über den Innenleiter mit zumindest einem dielektrischen Element verbunden wird. Das zumindest eine dielektrische Element der dielektrischen Einheit bildet mit dem Form- und/oder Kraftschlusselement eine Rastverbindung aus, wobei das Form- und/oder Kraftschlusselement bei einem Befestigungsvorgang elastisch ausgelenkt wird, um anschließend durch eine innere Spannkraft hinter einem korrespondierenden Rastelement, insbesondere der Aussparung des dielektrischen Elements, einzurasten. Vorzugsweise erstreckt sich das Form- und/oder Kraftschlusselement durch eine Aussparung in dem Innenleiter in die Aussparung des dielektrischen Elements. Dadurch kann insbesondere eine vorteilhaft einfach herzustellende Verbindung erreicht werden. Ferner kann dadurch insbesondere eine direkte Verbindung realisiert werden. So kann insbesondere eine kostengünstige und reproduzierbare Fertigung der Innenleitervorrichtung erreicht werden, welche die geforderte HF-Performance erreicht. Ferner kann eine vorteilhaft geringe Fertigungszeit erreicht werden, im Vergleich zu geklebten Innenleitervorrichtungen, wodurch ein erhebliches finanzielles Einsparpotential besteht. Ein weiterer Vorteil ist die Möglichkeit einer teilweisen oder vollständigen Automatisierbarkeit, wie beispielsweise mittels Bestückungsautomaten oder Robotereinsatz.It is further proposed that in at least one coupling step the inner conductor is positioned on the dielectric unit and mechanically fixed on the dielectric unit by means of at least one positive and/or non-positive connection element. The form-fitting and/or force-fitting element is in particular formed by a separate element which is connected to at least one dielectric element via the inner conductor. The at least one dielectric element of the dielectric unit forms a locking connection with the positive and/or non-positive locking element, with the positive and/or non-positive locking element being elastically deflected during a fastening process, in order to then be locked behind a corresponding locking element, in particular the recess, by an internal clamping force of the dielectric element. The form-fitting and/or force-fitting element preferably extends through a cutout in the inner conductor into the cutout in the dielectric element. In this way, in particular, a connection that is advantageously easy to produce can be achieved. Furthermore, in particular a direct connection can be implemented as a result. In this way, in particular, a cost-effective and reproducible production of the inner conductor device can be achieved, which achieves the required HF performance. Furthermore, an advantageously short production time can be achieved in comparison to glued inner conductor devices, as a result of which there is a considerable potential for financial savings. Another advantage is the possibility of partial or complete automation, such as by means of automatic placement machines or the use of robots.

Der erfindungsgemäße Hohlleiter-Strahler, das Synthetic-Apertur-Radar-System sowie das Verfahren sollen hierbei nicht auf die oben beschriebene Anwendung und Ausführungsform beschränkt sein. Insbesondere können der erfindungsgemäße Hohlleiter-Strahler, das Synthetic-Apertur-Radar-System sowie das Verfahren zu einer Erfüllung einer hierin beschriebenen Funktionsweise eine von einer hierin genannten Anzahl von einzelnen Elementen, Bauteilen und Einheiten sowie Verfahrensschritten abweichende Anzahl aufweisen. Zudem sollen bei den in dieser Offenbarung angegebenen Wertebereichen auch innerhalb der genannten Grenzen liegende Werte als offenbart und als beliebig einsetzbar gelten.The waveguide radiator according to the invention, the synthetic aperture radar system and the method should not be limited to the application and embodiment described above. In particular, the waveguide emitter according to the invention, the synthetic aperture radar system and the method for fulfilling a function described herein can have a number of individual elements, components and units as well as method steps that differs from the number specified herein. In addition, in the value ranges specified in this disclosure, values lying within the specified limits should also be considered disclosed and can be used as desired.

Zeichnungendrawings

Weitere Vorteile ergeben sich aus der folgenden Zeichnungsbeschreibung. In den Zeichnungen sind zwei Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung dargestellt. Die Zeichnungen, die Beschreibung und die Ansprüche enthalten zahlreiche Merkmale in Kombination. Der Fachmann wird die Merkmale zweckmäßigerweise auch einzeln betrachten und zu sinnvollen weiteren Kombinationen zusammenfassen.Further advantages result from the following description of the drawing. Two exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings. The drawings, the description and the claims contain numerous features in combination. The person skilled in the art will expediently also consider the features individually and combine them into further meaningful combinations.

Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
einen erfindungsgemäßen Hohlleiter-Strahler mit einem Hohlleiter und mit einer Innenleitervorrichtung in einer schematischen Darstellung,
Fig. 2
die Innenleitervorrichtung mit einer Trägerschiene, mit einer dielektrischen Einheit, welche mehrere dielektrische Elemente umfasst, und mit einem Innenleiter in einer schematischen Darstellung,
Fig. 3
die Innenleitervorrichtung mit der Trägerschiene, mit der dielektrischen Einheit und mit dem Innenleiter in einer schematischen Schnittdarstellung entlang der Schnittlinie III-III,
Fig. 4
ein dielektrisches Element der dielektrischen Einheit der Innenleitervorrichtung in einer schematischen Darstellung
Fig. 5
ein Ablaufdiagramm eines Verfahrens zu einer Herstellung des erfindungsgemäßen Hohlleiter-Strahlers und
Fig. 6
eine alternative Innenleitervorrichtung mit einer Trägerschiene, mit einer dielektrischen Einheit und mit einem Innenleiter in einer schematischen Darstellung.
Show it:
1
a waveguide radiator according to the invention with a waveguide and with an inner conductor device in a schematic representation,
2
the inner conductor device with a carrier rail, with a dielectric unit, which comprises a plurality of dielectric elements, and with an inner conductor in a schematic representation,
3
the inner conductor device with the carrier rail, with the dielectric unit and with the inner conductor in a schematic sectional view along the section line III-III,
4
a dielectric element of the dielectric unit of the inner conductor device in a schematic representation
figure 5
a flowchart of a method for producing the waveguide radiator according to the invention and
6
an alternative inner conductor device with a carrier rail, with a dielectric unit and with an inner conductor in a schematic representation.

Beschreibung der AusführungsbeispieleDescription of the exemplary embodiments

Figur 1 zeigt einen Hohlleiter-Strahler 12a mit einem Hohlleiter 14a und mit einer Innenleitervorrichtung 10a. Der Hohlleiter-Strahler 12a ist für ein Synthetic-Apertur-Radar-System, insbesondere für ein hochauflösendes Synthetic-Apertur-Radar-System. Der Hohlleiter-Strahler 12a bildet ein Teil eines Synthetic-Apertur-Radar-Systems. Der Hohlleiter 14a ist von einem geschlitzten Hohlleiter 14a gebildet. Der Hohlleiter 14a ist von einem rechteckigen Profil gebildet, welches entlang seiner Haupterstreckungsrichtung eine Mehrzahl von Schlitzen 30a aufweist. Der Hohlleiter 14a weist zumindest eine Fläche mit einer Mehrzahl von Schlitzen 30a auf. Vorzugsweise sind die Schlitze 30a gleichmäßig verteilt angeordnet. Der Hohlleiter 14a weist beispielhaft transversale Schlitze 30a auf, welche sich vollständig über eine Oberseite und teilweise über zwei Seiten des Hohlleiters 14a erstrecken. Weist der Hohlleiter 14a transversale Schlitze 30a auf, entspricht die Richtung der abgestrahlten Polarisation des Hohlleiters 14a der Längsrichtung des Hohlleiters 14a. Weist der geschlitzte Hohlleiter 14a alternativ longitudinale Schlitze auf, entspricht die Richtung der abgestrahlten Polarisation des Hohlleiters 14a der Querrichtung des Hohlleiters 14a. Je nach Ausrichtung der Schlitze 30a können somit entweder horizontal oder vertikal polarisierte Wellen abgestrahlt werden. figure 1 shows a waveguide radiator 12a with a waveguide 14a and with an inner guide device 10a. The waveguide radiator 12a is for a synthetic aperture radar system, in particular for a high-resolution synthetic aperture radar system. The waveguide radiator 12a forms part of a synthetic aperture radar system. The waveguide 14a is formed by a slotted waveguide 14a. The waveguide 14a is formed by a rectangular profile which has a plurality of slots 30a along its main direction of extension. The waveguide 14a has at least one surface with a plurality of slots 30a. The slits 30a are preferably arranged in an evenly distributed manner. The waveguide 14a has, for example, transverse slots 30a, which extend completely over an upper side and partially over two sides of the waveguide 14a. If the waveguide 14a has transverse slots 30a, the direction of the radiated polarization of the waveguide 14a corresponds to the longitudinal direction of the waveguide 14a. Alternatively, if the slotted waveguide 14a has longitudinal slots, the direction of the radiated polarization of the waveguide 14a corresponds to the transverse direction of the waveguide 14a. Depending on the alignment of the slits 30a, either horizontally or vertically polarized waves can thus be radiated.

Der Hohlleiter 14a ist zu einer Aufnahme der Innenleitervorrichtung 10a vorgesehen. Die Innenleitervorrichtung 10a ist in dem Hohlleiter 14a angeordnet. Die Innenleitervorrichtung 10a ist positionsfest in dem Hohlleiter 14a angeordnet. Die Innenleitervorrichtung 10a ist nicht weiter sichtbar über Fortsätze 36a, insbesondere über Fortsätze 36a an einer Unterseite einer Trägerschiene 16a der Innenleitervorrichtung 10a, positionsfest in dem Hohlleiter 14a angeordnet. Die Fortsätze 36a der Innenleitervorrichtung 10a greifen insbesondere nicht weiter sichtbar in Aussparungen des Hohlleiters 14a ein.The waveguide 14a is provided to accommodate the inner conductor device 10a. The inner conductor device 10a is arranged in the waveguide 14a. The inner conductor device 10a is arranged in a fixed position in the waveguide 14a. The inner conductor device 10a is not further visible via extensions 36a, in particular via extensions 36a on an underside of a carrier rail 16a of the inner conductor device 10a, arranged in a fixed position in the waveguide 14a. The extensions 36a of the inner conductor device 10a engage in recesses of the waveguide 14a, in particular not further visible.

Die Innenleitervorrichtung 10a weist eine Trägerschiene 16a auf. Die Trägerschiene 16a ist von einer Aluminiumschiene gebildet. Grundsätzlich wäre jedoch auch eine andere, einem Fachmann als sinnvoll erscheinende Ausgestaltung der Trägerschiene 16a denkbar. Die Trägerschiene 16a bildet einen Grundkörper der Innenleitervorrichtung 10a aus, welcher zu einer Aufnahme und/oder Ausrichtung einer dielektrischen Einheit 18a und/oder eines Innenleiters 22a vorgesehen ist. Die Trägerschiene 16a erstreckt sich entlang einer Haupterstreckungsrichtung 38a der Innenleitervorrichtung 10a über eine gesamte Erstreckung der Innenleitervorrichtung 10a.Die Trägerschiene 16a weist einen zumindest annähernd rechteckigen Querschnitt auf, wobei die Trägerschiene 16a auf zwei voneinander abgewandten Seiten jeweils eine entlang der Haupterstreckungsrichtung 38a der Innenleitervorrichtung 10a verlaufende Rastkante 40a aufweist. Die Rastkanten 40a verlaufen jeweils entlang einer gesamten Erstreckung der Trägerschiene 16a. Ferner weist die Trägerschiene 16a auf einer Unterseite mehrere Fortsätze 36a auf, welche zu einer Verbindung und Positionierung der Innenleitervorrichtung 10a mit und in dem Hohlleiter 14a vorgesehen sind.The inner conductor device 10a has a carrier rail 16a. The carrier rail 16a is formed by an aluminum rail. In principle, however, another configuration of the carrier rail 16a that would appear sensible to a person skilled in the art would also be conceivable. The carrier rail 16a forms a base body of the inner conductor device 10a from which is provided for receiving and/or aligning a dielectric unit 18a and/or an inner conductor 22a. The carrier rail 16a extends along a main extension direction 38a of the inner conductor device 10a over the entire extension of the inner conductor device 10a. The carrier rail 16a has an at least approximately rectangular cross section, with the carrier rail 16a on two sides facing away from one another running along the main extension direction 38a of the inner conductor device 10a Has latching edge 40a. The latching edges 40a each run along an entire extension of the carrier rail 16a. Furthermore, the carrier rail 16a has a plurality of extensions 36a on an underside, which are provided for connecting and positioning the inner conductor device 10a with and in the waveguide 14a.

Ferner weist die Innenleitervorrichtung 10a eine auf der Trägerschiene 16a angeordnete dielektrische Einheit 18a auf. Die dielektrische Einheit 18a erstreckt sich entlang der Haupterstreckungsrichtung 38a der Innenleitervorrichtung 10a über einen wesentlichen Teil einer Erstreckung der Trägerschiene 16a. Die dielektrische Einheit 18a ist in einem Mittelbereich der Trägerschiene 16a ausgespart. Die Höhe bzw. Dicke der durch die dielektrische Einheit 18a ausgebildeten dielektrischen Schicht ist entlang der Trägerschiene 16a nicht gleichmäßig, sondern weist einen individuell geformten Höhenverlauf auf. Durch den Höhenverlauf und eine Form eines Innenleiters 22a kann die Amplitude und Phase der elektrischen Feldstärke in den Schlitzen 30a gezielt beeinflusst werden, so dass sich beliebige Aperturbelegungen realisieren lassen, beispielsweise um Nebenmaxima im Antennendiagramm unterhalb eines vorgegebenen Werts zu unterdrücken. Auf gleiche Weise lässt sich auch eine homogene Amplituden- und Phasenbelegung erzielen, beispielsweise um den Antennengewinn zu maximieren und die Halbwertsbreite zu minimieren.Furthermore, the inner conductor device 10a has a dielectric unit 18a arranged on the carrier rail 16a. The dielectric unit 18a extends along the main extension direction 38a of the inner conductor device 10a over a substantial part of an extension of the carrier rail 16a. The dielectric unit 18a is recessed in a central area of the support rail 16a. The height or thickness of the dielectric layer formed by the dielectric unit 18a is not uniform along the carrier rail 16a, but has an individually shaped height profile. The amplitude and phase of the electrical field strength in the slots 30a can be specifically influenced by the height profile and the shape of an inner conductor 22a, so that any aperture assignments can be implemented, for example to suppress secondary maxima in the antenna diagram below a predetermined value. A homogeneous amplitude and phase allocation can be achieved in the same way, for example to maximize the antenna gain and minimize the FWHM.

Die dielektrische Einheit 18a weist eine Vielzahl von dielektrischen Elementen 20a, 20a', 20a" auf. Die dielektrische Einheit 18a weist zumindest vier, vorzugsweise zumindest acht, bevorzugt zumindest 12 und besonders bevorzugt zumindest 16 dielektrische Elemente 20a, 20a', 20a" auf. Die dielektrischen Elemente 20a, 20a', 20a" sind in einer Reihe formschlüssig auf der Trägerschiene 16a angeordnet. Die dielektrischen Elemente 20a, 20a', 20a" sind hintereinander auf die Trägerschiene 16a aufgesteckt. Es wäre jedoch auch denkbar, dass die dielektrischen Elemente 20a, 20a', 20a" in mehreren Reihen auf die Trägerschiene 16a aufgebracht sind. Die dielektrische Einheit 18a weist zwei Gruppen von dielektrischen Elementen 20a, 20a', 20a" auf, die jeweils auf gegenüberliegenden Seiten der Trägerschiene 16a angeordnet sind. Die dielektrischen Elemente 20a, 20a', 20a" sind in einer Flucht angeordnet. Die Höhe der dielektrischen Elemente 20a, 20a', 20a" nimmt beispielhaft zu beiden Endbereichen der Trägerschiene 16a von dem Mittelbereich der Trägerschiene 16a her zu. Die dielektrischen Elemente 20a, 20a', 20a" einer Gruppe sind jeweils verschieden zueinander ausgebildet, wobei die Gruppen von dielektrischen Elementen 20a, 20a', 20a" jeweils zueinander korrespondierende dielektrische Elemente 20a, 20a', 20a" aufweisen. Die dielektrischen Elemente 20a, 20a', 20a" der dielektrischen Einheit 18a weisen zumindest teilweise unterschiedliche Höhen und/oder unterschiedliche Materialstärken auf. Die dielektrischen Elemente 20a, 20a', 20a" einer Gruppe der dielektrischen Einheit 18a weisen unterschiedliche Höhen auf. Bevorzugt weist die dielektrische Einheit 18a dielektrische Elemente 20a, 20a', 20a" mit verschiedenen Höhen auf, wobei immer jeweils zwei dielektrische Elemente 20a, 20a' 20a" dieselbe Höhe aufweisen. Die Gruppen der dielektrischen Einheit 18a weisen jeweils ein erstes dielektrisches Element 20a auf, welches einer Mitte der Trägerschiene 16a nächstliegend angeordnet ist. Die beiden ersten dielektrischen Elemente 20a weisen insbesondere eine geringste Höhe der dielektrischen Elemente 20a, 20a', 20a" auf. Ferner weisen die Gruppen der dielektrischen Einheit 18a jeweils ein letztes dielektrisches Element 20a" auf, welches jeweils einem der Endbereiche der Trägerschiene 16a nächstliegend angeordnet ist. Die beiden letzten dielektrischen Elemente 20a" weisen insbesondere eine größte Höhe der dielektrischen Elemente 20a, 20a', 20a" auf. Des Weiteren weisen die Gruppen der dielektrischen Einheit 18a jeweils mehrere weitere dielektrische Elemente 20a' auf, welche jeweils zwischen dem ersten dielektrischen Element 20a und dem letzten dielektrischen Element 20a" angeordnet sind.The dielectric unit 18a has a multiplicity of dielectric elements 20a, 20a', 20a". The dielectric unit 18a has at least four, preferably at least eight, preferably at least 12 and particularly preferably at least 16 dielectric elements 20a, 20a', 20a". The dielectric elements 20a, 20a', 20a" are arranged in a row in a form-fitting manner on the carrier rail 16a. The dielectric elements 20a, 20a', 20a" are placed one behind the other on the carrier rail 16a. However, it would also be conceivable that the dielectric elements 20a, 20a', 20a" are applied to the carrier rail 16a in several rows. The dielectric unit 18a has two groups of dielectric elements 20a, 20a', 20a" which are each arranged on opposite sides of the carrier rail 16a. The dielectric elements 20a, 20a′, 20a″ are aligned. The height of the dielectric elements 20a, 20a′, 20a″ increases, for example, towards both end regions of the carrier rail 16a from the middle region of the carrier rail 16a. The dielectric elements 20a, 20a', 20a" of a group are each formed differently from one another, with the groups of dielectric elements 20a, 20a', 20a" each having mutually corresponding dielectric elements 20a, 20a', 20a". The dielectric elements 20a, 20a′, 20a″ of the dielectric unit 18a have at least partially different heights and/or different material thicknesses. The dielectric elements 20a, 20a', 20a" of a group of the dielectric unit 18a have different heights. The dielectric unit 18a preferably has dielectric elements 20a, 20a', 20a" with different heights, with two dielectric elements 20a, 20a '20a" have the same height. The groups of the dielectric unit 18a each have a first dielectric element 20a, which is arranged next to a center of the carrier rail 16a. The two first dielectric elements 20a have in particular a smallest height of the dielectric elements 20a, 20a' , 20a" on. Furthermore, the groups of the dielectric unit 18a each have a last dielectric element 20a", which is arranged next to one of the end regions of the carrier rail 16a. The last two dielectric elements 20a" in particular have the greatest height of the dielectric elements 20a, 20a', 20a ". Furthermore, the groups of the dielectric unit 18a each have a plurality of further dielectric elements 20a', which are each arranged between the first dielectric element 20a and the last dielectric element 20a".

Die dielektrischen Elemente 20a, 20a', 20a" der dielektrischen Einheit 18a sind jeweils als ein offener oder geschlossener Hohlkörper ausgebildet. Die dielektrischen Elemente 20a, 20a', 20a" begrenzen jeweils einen Hohlraum. Der Hohlraum ist jeweils zu einer Umgebung geöffnet ausgebildet. Der Hohlraum der dielektrischen Elemente 20a, 20a', 20a" der dielektrischen Einheit 18a ist jeweils von einem rechteckigen Volumen gebildet. Die dielektrischen Elemente 20a, 20a', 20a" der dielektrischen Einheit 18a weisen jeweils einen annähernd U-förmigen Querschnitt auf. Die dielektrischen Elemente 20a, 20a', 20a" der dielektrischen Einheit 18a weisen jeweils in einer Schnittebene senkrecht zu einer Haupterstreckungsrichtung des jeweiligen dielektrischen Elements 20a, 20a', 20a" einen annähernd U-förmigen Querschnitt auf. Grundsätzlich wäre jedoch auch eine andere, einem Fachmann als sinnvoll erscheinende Formgebung der dielektrischen Elemente 20a, 20a', 20a" denkbar.The dielectric elements 20a, 20a', 20a" of the dielectric unit 18a are each designed as an open or closed hollow body. The dielectric elements 20a, 20a', 20a" each delimit a cavity. The cavity is in each case designed to be open to an environment. The cavity of the dielectric elements 20a, 20a', 20a" of the dielectric unit 18a is formed by a rectangular volume. The dielectric elements 20a, 20a', 20a" of the dielectric unit 18a each have an approximately U-shaped cross section. The dielectric elements 20a, 20a', 20a" of the dielectric unit 18a each have an approximately U-shaped cross section in a sectional plane perpendicular to a main extension direction of the respective dielectric element 20a, 20a', 20a". 20a', 20a" conceivable.

Die dielektrischen Elemente 20a, 20a', 20a" sind zumindest im Wesentlichen mechanisch auf der Trägerschiene 16a fixiert. Die dielektrischen Elemente 20a, 20a', 20a" sind auf der Trägerschiene 16a aufgerastet. Die dielektrischen Elemente 20a, 20a', 20a" sind dazu vorgesehen, mit den Rastkanten 40a der Trägerschiene 16a zu verrasten. Die dielektrischen Elemente 20a, 20a', 20a" weisen zu den Rastkanten 40a korrespondierende Rastaussparungen 42a auf. Die Rastaussparungen 42a sind jeweils auf der Innenseite der freien Enden des U-förmigen Querschnitts der dielektrischen Elemente 20a, 20a', 20a" angeordnet. Die dielektrischen Elemente 20a, 20a', 20a" werden mittels der Rastverbindung quer zu der Haupterstreckungsrichtung 38a der Innenleitervorrichtung 10a fixiert.The dielectric elements 20a, 20a′, 20a″ are at least essentially mechanically fixed on the carrier rail 16a. The dielectric elements 20a, 20a′, 20a″ are snapped onto the carrier rail 16a. The dielectric elements 20a, 20a', 20a" are intended to latch with the latching edges 40a of the carrier rail 16a. The dielectric elements 20a, 20a', 20a" have latching recesses 42a corresponding to the latching edges 40a. The latching recesses 42a are each arranged on the inside of the free ends of the U-shaped cross section of the dielectric elements 20a, 20a', 20a". The dielectric elements 20a, 20a', 20a" are arranged by means of the latching connection transversely to the main direction of extension 38a of the inner conductor device 10a fixed.

Ferner weist die Trägerschiene 16a zumindest ein Fixierungselement 27a auf, welches dazu vorgesehen ist, zumindest ein dielektrisches Element 20a, 20a" der dielektrischen Einheit 18a zumindest teilweise relativ zu der Trägerschiene 16a zu fixieren. Die Trägerschiene 16a weist mehrere, insbesondere vier, Fixierungselemente 27a auf, welche dazu vorgesehen sind, die ersten und letzten dielektrischen Elemente 20a, 20a" der dielektrischen Einheit 18a teilweise relativ zu der Trägerschiene 16a zu fixieren. Die Fixierungselemente 27a sind dazu vorgesehen, die ersten und letzten dielektrischen Elemente 20a, 20a"entlang einer Längsrichtung der Trägerschiene 16a spielfrei zu fixieren. Die Fixierungselemente 27a sind jeweils von einem Stift gebildet, welcher dazu vorgesehen ist, in eine Aussparung 26a das jeweiligen dielektrischen Elements 20a, 20a" einzugreifen. Grundsätzlich wäre jedoch auch eine andere, einem Fachmann als sinnvoll erscheinende Ausbildung der Fixierungselemente 27a denkbar. Alternativ wäre auch denkbar, dass die Fixierungselemente 27a lediglich die ersten oder die letzten dielektrischen Elemente 20a, 20a" der dielektrischen Einheit 18a fixieren. Ferner sind die Fixierungselemente 27a dazu vorgesehen, die ersten und letzten dielektrischen Elemente 20a, 20a" der dielektrischen Einheit 18a in einer definierten Position relativ zu der Trägerschiene 16a auf der Trägerschiene 16a zu positionieren und zu fixieren. Die Fixierungselemente 27a sind lösbar mit einem Grundkörper 44a der Trägerschiene 16a verbunden. Die Fixierungselemente 27a sind in den Grundkörper 44a der Trägerschiene 16a eingeschraubt. Die Fixierungselemente 27a sind in einem Bereich einer der Rastkanten 40a in den Grundkörper 44a der Trägerschiene 16a eingeschraubt. Grundsätzlich wäre jedoch auch denkbar, dass die Fixierungselemente 27a einstückig mit dem Grundkörper 44a verbunden sind.Furthermore, the carrier rail 16a has at least one fixing element 27a, which is intended to at least partially fix at least one dielectric element 20a, 20a" of the dielectric unit 18a relative to the carrier rail 16a. The carrier rail 16a has a plurality of, in particular four, fixing elements 27a , which are intended to partially fix the first and last dielectric elements 20a, 20a'' of the dielectric unit 18a relative to the carrier rail 16a. The fixing elements 27a are intended to fix the first and last dielectric elements 20a, 20a" without play along a longitudinal direction of the carrier rail 16a. The fixing elements 27a are each formed by a pin which is intended for insertion into a recess 26a in the respective dielectric element 20a, 20a". In principle, however, a different design of the fixing elements 27a that would appear sensible to a person skilled in the art would also be conceivable. Alternatively, it would also be conceivable for the fixing elements 27a to fix only the first or the last dielectric elements 20a, 20a" of the dielectric unit 18a. Furthermore, the fixing elements 27a are intended to fix the first and last dielectric elements 20a, 20a" of the dielectric unit 18a in to be positioned and fixed in a defined position relative to the carrier rail 16a on the carrier rail 16a. The fixing elements 27a can be detached from a base body 44a of the carrier rail 16a tied together. The fixing elements 27a are screwed into the base body 44a of the support rail 16a. The fixing elements 27a are screwed into the base body 44a of the carrier rail 16a in a region of one of the latching edges 40a. In principle, however, it would also be conceivable for the fixing elements 27a to be connected in one piece to the base body 44a.

Des Weiteren weist die Innenleitervorrichtung 10a eine Positionierungseinheit 28a auf, welche dazu vorgesehen ist, zumindest eines der dielektrischen Elemente 20a' der dielektrischen Einheit 18a schwimmend relativ zu der Trägerschiene 16a zu positionieren. Die Positionierungseinheit 28a ist dazu vorgesehen, die weiteren dielektrischen Elemente 20a' der dielektrischen Einheit 18a schwimmend relativ zu der Trägerschiene 16a zu positionieren. Die Positionierungseinheit 28a weist mehrere erste Positionierungsmittel auf, welche fest, insbesondere einstückig, mit der Trägerschiene 16a ausgebildet sind. Ferner weist die Positionierungseinheit 28a mehrere zweite Positionierungsmittel 46a auf, welche fest, insbesondere einstückig, mit jeweils einem der weiteren dielektrischen Elemente 20a' ausgebildet sind. Jeweils zwei der zweiten Positionierungsmittel 46a sind mit jeweils einem der weiteren dielektrischen Elemente 20a' einstückig ausgebildet. Die Positionierungsmittel 46a sind jeweils auf gegenüberliegenden Seiten in den Rastaussparungen 42a des jeweiligen weiteren dielektrischen Elements 20a' angeordnet. Die ersten Positionierungsmittel und die zweiten Positionierungsmittel 46a wirken in einem montierten Zustand der weiteren dielektrischen Elemente 20a' auf der Trägerschiene 16a zu einer Positionierung der weiteren dielektrischen Elemente 20a' der dielektrischen Einheit 18a relativ zu der Trägerschiene 16a zusammen. Die ersten Positionierungsmittel und die zweiten Positionierungsmittel 46a wirken derart miteinander zusammen, dass das jeweilige weitere dielektrische Element 20a' mit einem definierten Spiel an der Trägerschiene 16a fixiert ist. Die Fixierungselemente 27a der Trägerschiene 16a sind dazu vorgesehen, die ersten und letzten dielektrischen Elemente 20a, 20a" starr auf der Trägerschiene 16a zu fixieren, wohingegen die weiteren dielektrischen Elemente 20a' mittels der Positionierungseinheit 28a schwimmend relativ zu der Trägerschiene 16a zwischen den ersten und letzten dielektrischen Elementen 20a, 20a" positioniert sind. Die ersten Positionierungsmittel der Positionierungseinheit 28a sind beispielhaft von Vertiefungen in den Rastkanten 40a der Trägerschiene 16a gebildet. Die zweiten Positionierungsmittel 46a der Positionierungseinheit 28a sind beispielhaft von Erhebungen in den Rastaussparungen 42a der weiteren dielektrischen Elemente 20a' gebildet. Vorzugsweise sind die zweiten Positionierungsmittel 46a durch das abschnittsweise Unterbrechen der Rastaussparungen 42a hergestellt.Furthermore, the inner conductor device 10a has a positioning unit 28a, which is provided for positioning at least one of the dielectric elements 20a′ of the dielectric unit 18a in a floating manner relative to the carrier rail 16a. The positioning unit 28a is intended to position the further dielectric elements 20a′ of the dielectric unit 18a in a floating manner relative to the carrier rail 16a. The positioning unit 28a has a plurality of first positioning means which are fixed, in particular in one piece, to the carrier rail 16a. Furthermore, the positioning unit 28a has a plurality of second positioning means 46a, which are formed fixedly, in particular in one piece, with one of the further dielectric elements 20a′. In each case two of the second positioning means 46a are formed in one piece with in each case one of the further dielectric elements 20a′. The positioning means 46a are each arranged on opposite sides in the latching recesses 42a of the respective further dielectric element 20a′. The first positioning means and the second positioning means 46a cooperate in a mounted state of the further dielectric elements 20a' on the carrier rail 16a to position the further dielectric elements 20a' of the dielectric unit 18a relative to the carrier rail 16a. The first positioning means and the second positioning means 46a interact with one another in such a way that the respective further dielectric element 20a′ is fixed to the carrier rail 16a with a defined play. The fixing elements 27a of the carrier rail 16a are intended to fix the first and last dielectric elements 20a, 20a" rigidly on the carrier rail 16a, whereas the further dielectric elements 20a' are floating relative to the carrier rail 16a by means of the positioning unit 28a between the first and last dielectric elements 20a, 20a". The first positioning means of the positioning unit 28a are formed, for example, by depressions in the latching edges 40a of the carrier rail 16a. The second positioning means 46a of the positioning unit 28a are examples of elevations in the latching recesses 42a of the further dielectric elements 20a' educated. The second positioning means 46a are preferably produced by interrupting the latching recesses 42a in sections.

Des Weiteren weist die Innenleitervorrichtung 10a einen auf der dielektrischen Einheit 18a angeordneten Innenleiter 22a auf. Der Innenleiter 22a ist von einem Kupferleiter gebildet. Der in dem Hohlleiter 14a angebrachte Innenleiter 22a ist den Schlitzen 30a des Hohlleiters 14a zugewandt angeordnet. Der Innenleiter 22a ist abhängig von der Ausrichtung der Schlitze 30a derart geformt, dass sich eine Speisung nach dem Wanderwellenprinzip ergibt, wobei alle Schlitze 30a des Hohlleiters 14a phasengleich angeregt werden können. Der Innenleiter 22a ist polarisationsabhängig speziell geformt, um entweder longitudinale oder transversale Schlitze 30a anregen zu können. Der Innenleiter 22a ist in einem Mittelbereich des Trägerschiene 16a über eine Speiseleitung 48a mit der Trägerschiene 16a verbunden. Der Innenleiter 22a wird über die Speiseleitung 48a angesteuert. Die Speiseleitung 48a dient der Einspeisung und ist mit dem Innenleiter 22a elektrisch verbunden. Die Speiseleitung 48a ist mechanisch lastfrei. Ferner ist der Innenleiter 22a mechanisch auf den dielektrischen Elementen 20a, 20a', 20a" fixiert. Die Innenleitervorrichtung 10a weist mehrere Form- und/oder Kraftschlusselemente 24a auf, welche dazu vorgesehen sind, den Innenleiter 22a mechanisch auf den dielektrischen Elementen 20a, 20a', 20a" zu fixieren. Die Form- und/oder Kraftschlusselemente 24a sind von separaten Elementen gebildet, welche zu einer direkten Verbindung mit dem Innenleiter 22a und/oder den dielektrischen Elementen 20a, 20a', 20a" vorgesehen sind. Die Form- und/oder Kraftschlusselemente 24a weisen jeweils ein angeformtes Rastmittel auf. Die dielektrischen Elemente 20a, 20a', 20a" weisen jeweils eine Aussparung 26a auf. Die Aussparungen 26a sind jeweils auf einer Oberseite des jeweiligen dielektrischen Elements 20a, 20a', 20a" angeordnet. Die Aussparungen 26a sind jeweils von einer Durchgangsbohrung gebildet. Die Form- und/oder Kraftschlusselemente 24a sind dazu vorgesehen, in den Aussparungen 26a der dielektrischen Elemente 20a, 20a', 20a" zu verrasten. Die dielektrischen Elemente 20a, 20a', 20a" bilden mit den Form- und/oder Kraftschlusselementen 24a jeweils eine Rastverbindung aus, wobei die Form- und/oder Kraftschlusselemente 24a bei einem Befestigungsvorgang jeweils teilweise elastisch ausgelenkt werden, um anschließend durch eine innere Spannkraft hinter einem korrespondierenden Rastelement der Aussparung 26a des jeweiligen dielektrischen Elements 20a, 20a', 20a" einzurasten. Die Aussparungen 26a der dielektrischen Elemente 20a, 20a', 20a" sind von einer Rastaussparung gebildet. Die dielektrischen Elemente 20a, 20a', 20a" weisen an einer die Aussparung 26a des jeweiligen dielektrischen Elements 20a, 20a', 20a" begrenzenden Fläche einen umlaufenden Rastkragen auf. Die Form- und/oder Kraftschlusselemente 24a sind jeweils von einem Fixierstift gebildet. Die Form- und/oder Kraftschlusselemente 24a sind jeweils von einem Pin gebildet. Die Form- und/oder Kraftschlusselemente 24a weisen jeweils einen tellerförmigen Kopf sowie einen an den Kopf angeformten Raststift auf. Es wäre jedoch auch eine andere, einem Fachmann als sinnvoll erscheinende Ausgestaltung der Form- und/oder Kraftschlusselemente 24a denkbar. Die Form- und/oder Kraftschlusselemente 24a sind jeweils dazu vorgesehen, sich durch eine Aussparung in dem Innenleiter 22a in die Aussparung 26a eines der dielektrischen Elemente 20a, 20a', 20a" zu erstrecken. Der Innenleiter 22a weist eine Vielzahl von zu den Aussparungen 26a der dielektrischen Elemente 20a, 20a', 20a" korrespondierenden Aussparungen auf. Die Aussparungen des Innenleiters 22a sind beispielhaft von Langlöchern, insbesondere von gestanzten Langlöchern, gebildet. Durch eine Ausbildung der Aussparungen des Innenleiters 22a als Langloch kann insbesondere eine geringfügige Bewegung, insbesondere beispielsweise aufgrund von Temperaturausdehnungen, der dielektrischen Elemente 20a, 20a', 20a" relativ zu dem Innenleiter 22a ermöglicht werden.Furthermore, the inner conductor device 10a has an inner conductor 22a arranged on the dielectric unit 18a. The inner conductor 22a is formed by a copper conductor. The inner conductor 22a fitted in the waveguide 14a is arranged facing the slots 30a of the waveguide 14a. Depending on the orientation of the slots 30a, the inner conductor 22a is shaped in such a way that feeding results according to the traveling wave principle, it being possible for all the slots 30a of the waveguide 14a to be excited in phase. The inner conductor 22a is specially shaped depending on the polarization in order to be able to excite either longitudinal or transverse slots 30a. The inner conductor 22a is connected to the carrier rail 16a in a central region of the carrier rail 16a via a feed line 48a. The inner conductor 22a is driven via the feed line 48a. The feed line 48a is used for feeding and is electrically connected to the inner conductor 22a. The feed line 48a is mechanically load-free. Furthermore, the inner conductor 22a is mechanically fixed on the dielectric elements 20a, 20a′, 20a″. The inner conductor device 10a has a plurality of positive and/or frictional elements 24a which are provided for mechanically fixing the inner conductor 22a on the dielectric elements 20a, 20a′. , 20a". The positive and/or non-positive locking elements 24a are formed by separate elements which are provided for a direct connection to the inner conductor 22a and/or the dielectric elements 20a, 20a′, 20a”. The positive and/or non-positive locking elements 24a each have a molded latching means. The dielectric elements 20a, 20a', 20a" each have a recess 26a. The cutouts 26a are each arranged on a top side of the respective dielectric element 20a, 20a', 20a". The cutouts 26a are each formed by a through hole. The positive and/or non-positive locking elements 24a are provided in the cutouts 26a of the dielectric elements 20a, 20a', 20a" to lock. The dielectric elements 20a, 20a', 20a" each form a snap-in connection with the form-locking and/or force-locking elements 24a, with the form-locking and/or force-locking elements 24a being partially elastically deflected during a fastening process and then being held back by an internal clamping force a corresponding latching element of the recess 26a of the respective dielectric element 20a, 20a', 20a''. The recesses 26a of the dielectric elements 20a, 20a', 20a" are of a Locking recess formed. The dielectric elements 20a, 20a′, 20a″ have a peripheral locking collar on a surface delimiting the recess 26a of the respective dielectric element 20a, 20a′, 20a″. The positive and/or non-positive locking elements 24a are each formed by a fixing pin. The positive and/or non-positive locking elements 24a are each formed by a pin. The positive and/or non-positive locking elements 24a each have a plate-shaped head and a latching pin formed onto the head. However, another embodiment of the form-fitting and/or force-fitting elements 24a that would appear sensible to a person skilled in the art would also be conceivable. The positive and/or non-positive locking elements 24a are each intended to extend through a cutout in the inner conductor 22a into the cutout 26a of one of the dielectric elements 20a, 20a', 20a". The inner conductor 22a has a plurality of cutouts 26a of the dielectric elements 20a, 20a', 20a" corresponding recesses. The recesses of the inner conductor 22a are formed, for example, by elongated holes, in particular by punched elongated holes. Designing the recesses in the inner conductor 22a as a slot allows in particular a slight movement, in particular for example due to temperature expansions, of the dielectric elements 20a, 20a′, 20a″ relative to the inner conductor 22a.

Figur 5 zeigt ein Ablaufdiagramm eines Verfahrens zu einer Herstellung der Innenleitervorrichtung 10a. Die Innenleitervorrichtung 10a wird insbesondere frei von Klebeverbindungen hergestellt. Bei dem Verfahren werden in einem ersten Kopplungsschritt 32a die dielektrischen Elemente 20a, 20a', 20a" der dielektrischen Einheit 18a in einer definierten Reihenfolge in einer Reihe auf die Trägerschiene 16a mechanisch montiert. Dazu werden insbesondere die beiden ersten dielektrischen Elemente 20a auf die Trägerschiene 16a aufgeschoben, aufgesteckt und/oder aufgeklickt und mittels der Fixierungselemente 27a fixiert. Anschließend werden insbesondere die weiteren dielektrischen Elemente 20a' auf die Trägerschiene 16a aufgesteckt und mittels der Positionierungseinheit 28a positioniert. Darauffolgend werden die letzten dielektrischen Elemente 20a" auf die Trägerschiene 16a aufgeschoben, aufgesteckt und/oder aufgeklickt und mittels der Fixierungselemente 27a fixiert. Ferner wird in einem weiteren Kopplungsschritt 34a der Innenleiter 22a auf der dielektrischen Einheit 18a positioniert und mittels der Form- und/oder Kraftschlusselemente 24a mechanisch auf der dielektrischen Einheit 18a fixiert. Die Form- und/oder Kraftschlusselemente 24a werden durch die Aussparungen in dem Innenleiter 22a in die Aussparungen 26a der dielektrischen Elemente 20a, 20a', 20a" eingesteckt und mit den dielektrischen Elementen 20a, 20a', 20a" verrastet. Das Einbringen der Form- und/oder Kraftschlusselemente 24a kann beispielsweise mit einem Bestückungsautomaten erfolgen. figure 5 FIG. 1 shows a flowchart of a method for producing the inner conductor device 10a. The inner conductor device 10a is produced in particular without adhesive connections. In the method, in a first coupling step 32a, the dielectric elements 20a, 20a', 20a" of the dielectric unit 18a are mechanically mounted in a defined order in a row on the carrier rail 16a. For this purpose, in particular the two first dielectric elements 20a are mounted on the carrier rail 16a pushed on, pushed on and/or clicked on and fixed by means of the fixing elements 27a. Then, in particular, the further dielectric elements 20a' are pushed onto the carrier rail 16a and positioned by means of the positioning unit 28a. The last dielectric elements 20a" are then pushed onto the carrier rail 16a, pushed on and/or clicked on and fixed by means of the fixing elements 27a. Furthermore, in a further coupling step 34a, the inner conductor 22a is positioned on the dielectric unit 18a and fixed mechanically on the dielectric unit 18a by means of the form-fitting and/or force-fitting elements 24a. The positive and / or frictional elements 24a inserted through the cutouts in the inner conductor 22a into the cutouts 26a of the dielectric elements 20a, 20a', 20a" and latched to the dielectric elements 20a, 20a', 20a". The form-fitting and/or force-fitting elements 24a can be introduced, for example, with an automatic placement machine.

In der Figur 6 ist ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung gezeigt. Die nachfolgenden Beschreibungen beschränken sich im Wesentlichen auf die Unterschiede zwischen den Ausführungsbeispielen, wobei bezüglich gleich bleibender Bauteile, Merkmale und Funktionen auf die Beschreibung des Ausführungsbeispiels der Figuren 1 bis 5 verwiesen werden kann. Zur Unterscheidung der Ausführungsbeispiele ist der Buchstabe a in den Bezugszeichen des Ausführungsbeispiels in den Figuren 1 bis 5 durch den Buchstaben b in den Bezugszeichen des Ausführungsbeispiels der Figur 6 ersetzt. Bezüglich gleich bezeichneter Bauteile, insbesondere in Bezug auf Bauteile mit gleichen Bezugszeichen, kann grundsätzlich auch auf die Zeichnungen und/oder die Beschreibung des Ausführungsbeispiels der Figuren 1 bis 5 verwiesen werden.In the figure 6 another embodiment of the invention is shown. The following descriptions are essentially limited to the differences between the exemplary embodiments, with regard to components, features and functions that remain the same on the description of the exemplary embodiment of FIG Figures 1 to 5 can be referred. To distinguish between the exemplary embodiments, the letter a is in the reference numerals of the exemplary embodiment in FIGS Figures 1 to 5 by the letter b in the reference numerals of the embodiment of FIG figure 6 replaced. With regard to components with the same designation, in particular with regard to components with the same reference symbols, reference can in principle also be made to the drawings and/or the description of the exemplary embodiment of FIG Figures 1 to 5 to get expelled.

Figur 6 zeigt eine alternative Innenleitervorrichtung 10b mit einer Trägerschiene 16b, mit einer dielektrischen Einheit 18b und mit einem Innenleiter 22b. Die dielektrische Einheit 18b weist eine Vielzahl von dielektrischen Elementen 20b" auf. Ferner ist der Innenleiter 22b mechanisch auf den dielektrischen Elementen 20b fixiert. Die Innenleitervorrichtung 10b weist mehrere Form- und/oder Kraftschlusselemente 24b auf, welche dazu vorgesehen sind, den Innenleiter 22b mechanisch auf den dielektrischen Elementen 20b zu fixieren. Die Form- und/oder Kraftschlusselemente 24b sind von separaten Elementen gebildet, welche zu einer direkten Verbindung mit dem Innenleiter 22b und/oder den dielektrischen Elementen 20b vorgesehen sind. Die Form- und/oder Kraftschlusselemente 24b weisen jeweils angeformte Rastmittel auf. Die dielektrischen Elemente 20b weisen jeweils zwei Aussparungen 26b auf. Die Aussparungen 26b sind jeweils nebeneinander auf einer Oberseite des jeweiligen dielektrischen Elements 20b angeordnet. Die Aussparungen 26b sind jeweils von Sacklöchern gebildet. Die Form- und/oder Kraftschlusselemente 24b sind dazu vorgesehen, in den Aussparungen 26b der dielektrischen Elemente 20b zu verrasten. Die dielektrischen Elemente 20b bilden mit den Form- und/oder Kraftschlusselementen 24b jeweils eine Rastverbindung aus, wobei die Form- und/oder Kraftschlusselemente 24b bei einem Befestigungsvorgang jeweils teilweise elastisch ausgelenkt werden, um anschließend durch eine innere Spannkraft hinter einem korrespondierenden Rastelement der Aussparung 26b des jeweiligen dielektrischen Elements 20b einzurasten. Die Form- und/oder Kraftschlusselemente 24b sind jeweils von einer Fixierklammer gebildet. Die Form- und/oder Kraftschlusselemente 24b weisen eine U-Form auf. Die Form- und/oder Kraftschlusselemente 24b sind jeweils dazu vorgesehen, den Innenleiter 22b zu übergreifen und auf beiden Seiten des Innenleiters 22b in die Aussparungen 26b eines der dielektrischen Elemente 20b einzugreifen. figure 6 shows an alternative inner conductor device 10b with a carrier rail 16b, with a dielectric unit 18b and with an inner conductor 22b. The dielectric unit 18b has a multiplicity of dielectric elements 20b". Furthermore, the inner conductor 22b is mechanically fixed on the dielectric elements 20b. The inner conductor device 10b has a plurality of form-fitting and/or force-fitting elements 24b, which are intended to mechanically fix the inner conductor 22b to be fixed on the dielectric elements 20b. The positive and/or non-positive locking elements 24b are formed by separate elements which are provided for a direct connection to the inner conductor 22b and/or the dielectric elements 20b. The positive and/or non-positive locking elements 24b have each has molded latching means. The dielectric elements 20b each have two cutouts 26b. The cutouts 26b are each arranged next to one another on an upper side of the respective dielectric element 20b. The cutouts 26b are each formed by blind holes. The positive and/or non-positive locking elements 24b are intended to snap into the recesses 26b of the dielectric elements 20b. The dielectric elements 20b each form a latching connection with the positive and/or non-positive locking elements 24b, wherein the positive and/or non-positive locking elements 24b are each partially elastically deflected during a fastening process and then by an internal clamping force engage behind a corresponding latching element of the recess 26b of the respective dielectric element 20b. The positive and/or non-positive locking elements 24b are each formed by a fixing clip. The positive and/or non-positive locking elements 24b have a U-shape. The positive and/or non-positive locking elements 24b are each provided to overlap the inner conductor 22b and to engage in the recesses 26b of one of the dielectric elements 20b on both sides of the inner conductor 22b.

BezugszeichenReference sign

1010
Innenleitervorrichtunginner conductor device
1212
Hohlleiter-Strahlerwaveguide radiator
1414
Hohlleiterwaveguide
1616
Trägerschienecarrier rail
1818
dielektrische Einheitdielectric unit
2020
dielektrisches Elementdielectric element
2222
Innenleiterinner conductor
2424
Form- und/oder KraftschlusselementPositive and/or frictional element
2626
Aussparungrecess
2727
Fixierungselementfixation element
2828
Positionierungseinheitpositioning unit
3030
Schlitzslot
3232
Kopplungsschrittpairing step
3434
Kopplungsschrittpairing step
3636
Fortsatzextension
3838
Haupterstreckungsrichtungmain extension direction
4040
Rastkantelocking edge
4242
Rastaussparungnotch
4444
Grundkörperbody
4646
Positionierungsmittelpositioning means
4848
Speiseleitungfeed line

Claims (12)

  1. Waveguide radiator
    with at least one slotted waveguide (14a) comprising at least one surface having a plurality of slots (30a),
    and with an internal conductor device (10a; 10b) that is arranged in the waveguide (14a),
    with at least one support rail (16a; 16b),
    with at least one dielectric unit (18a; 18b) that is arranged on the at least one support rail (16a; 16b) and comprises at least one dielectric element (20a, 20a', 20a"; 20b)
    and with at least one internal conductor (22a; 22b) that is arranged on the at least one dielectric unit (18a; 18b),
    the at least one internal conductor (22a; 22b) being fixed at least substantially mechanically on the at least one dielectric element (20a, 20a', 20a"; 20b) and/or the at least one dielectric element (20a, 20a', 20a"; 20b) being fixed at least substantially mechanically on the at least one support rail (16a; 16b),
    wherein
    the at least one dielectric unit (18a; 18b) comprises at least three dielectric elements (20a, 20a', 20a"; 20b),
    the dielectric elements (20a, 20a', 20a"; 20b) being arranged in at least one row on the support rail (16a; 16b) in a form-fit fashion,
    and the internal conductor (22a; 22b) being formed, depending on the orientation of the slots (30a; 30b), so as to result in a feeding according to the travelling-wave principle, wherein all slots (30a; 30b) of the waveguide (14a; 14b) are excitable in phase.
  2. Waveguide radiator according to claim 1,
    characterised in that
    the internal conductor device (10a; 10b) comprises at least one form-fitting and/or force-fitting element (24a; 24b), which is configured to fix the at least one internal conductor (22a; 22b) mechanically on the at least one dielectric element (20a, 20a', 20a"; 20b).
  3. Waveguide radiator according to claim 2,
    characterised in that
    the at least one dielectric element (20a, 20a', 20a"; 20b) has at least one recess (26a; 26b) and the at least one form-fitting and/or force-fitting element (24a; 24b) is configured to latch in the recess (26a; 26b) of the dielectric element (20a, 20a', 20a"; 20b).
  4. Waveguide radiator according to claim 2 or 3,
    characterised in that
    the at least one form-fitting and/or force-fitting element (24a) is embodied by a fixing pin.
  5. Waveguide radiator according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    the at least one support rail (16a; 16b) comprises at least one fixing element (27a), which is configured to at least partly fix the at least one dielectric element (20a, 20a") of the dielectric unit (18a; 18b) relative to the support rail (16a; 16b).
  6. Waveguide radiator according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    the dielectric elements (20a, 20a', 20a"; 20b) of the dielectric unit (18a; 18b) at least partiy have different heights and/or different material thicknesses.
  7. Waveguide radiator at least according to claim 1,
    characterised in that
    the at least one dielectric element (20a, 20a', 20a") of the dielectric unit (18a; 18b) is embodied as an open or closed hollow body.
  8. Waveguide radiator at least according to claim 1,
    characterised in that
    the internal conductor device (10a; 10b) comprises a positioning unit (28a), which is configured for positioning at least one of the dielectric elements (20a, 20a', 20a"; 20b) of the dielectric unit (18a; 18b) so as to be floating with respect to the support rail (16a; 16b).
  9. Synthetic aperture radar system, in particular high-resolution synthetic aperture radar system, with at least one waveguide radiator (12a; 12b) according to one of the preceding claims.
  10. Method for producing the waveguide radiator (12a; 12b) according to one of claims 1 to 8.
  11. Method according to claim 10,
    characterised in that
    in at least one coupling step (32a) the dielectric elements (20a, 20a', 20a"; 20b) of the dielectric unit (18a; 18b) are mounted mechanically on the support rail (16a; 16b) in at least one row in a defined order.
  12. Method according to claim 10 or 11,
    characterised in that
    in at least one coupling step (34a) the internal conductor (22a; 22b) is positioned on the dielectric unit (18a; 18b) and is fixed mechanically on the dielectric unit (18a; 18b) by means of at least one form-fitting and/or force-fitting element (24a; 24b).
EP19206608.2A 2019-10-31 2019-10-31 Internal conductor device for a waveguide radiator Active EP3817147B1 (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19206608.2A EP3817147B1 (en) 2019-10-31 2019-10-31 Internal conductor device for a waveguide radiator
US17/773,473 US20240186710A1 (en) 2019-10-31 2020-10-13 Internal conductor device for a waveguide radiator
CA3156228A CA3156228A1 (en) 2019-10-31 2020-10-13 Internal conductor device for a waveguide radiator
KR1020227018484A KR20220088498A (en) 2019-10-31 2020-10-13 Inner conductor device for waveguide emitter
PCT/EP2020/078799 WO2021083661A1 (en) 2019-10-31 2020-10-13 Internal conductor device for a waveguide radiator

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19206608.2A EP3817147B1 (en) 2019-10-31 2019-10-31 Internal conductor device for a waveguide radiator

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3817147A1 EP3817147A1 (en) 2021-05-05
EP3817147B1 true EP3817147B1 (en) 2023-07-19

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US (1) US20240186710A1 (en)
EP (1) EP3817147B1 (en)
KR (1) KR20220088498A (en)
CA (1) CA3156228A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2021083661A1 (en)

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2830156A1 (en) * 2013-07-25 2015-01-28 Astrium GmbH Waveguide radiator, group antenna radiator and synthetic aperture radar radiator
US20190372237A1 (en) * 2015-09-15 2019-12-05 Cellmax Technologies Ab Antenna feeding network

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3524190A (en) * 1967-11-20 1970-08-11 Ryan Aeronautical Co Extendable radio frequency transmission line and antenna structure

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2830156A1 (en) * 2013-07-25 2015-01-28 Astrium GmbH Waveguide radiator, group antenna radiator and synthetic aperture radar radiator
US20190372237A1 (en) * 2015-09-15 2019-12-05 Cellmax Technologies Ab Antenna feeding network

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3817147A1 (en) 2021-05-05
KR20220088498A (en) 2022-06-27
US20240186710A1 (en) 2024-06-06
CA3156228A1 (en) 2021-05-06
WO2021083661A1 (en) 2021-05-06

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