EP3813192A1 - Ultra broad band dual polarized radiating element for a base station antenna - Google Patents
Ultra broad band dual polarized radiating element for a base station antenna Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3813192A1 EP3813192A1 EP20194951.8A EP20194951A EP3813192A1 EP 3813192 A1 EP3813192 A1 EP 3813192A1 EP 20194951 A EP20194951 A EP 20194951A EP 3813192 A1 EP3813192 A1 EP 3813192A1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- radiating element
- arms
- parasitic
- layer
- dipole
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
- H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
- H01Q1/246—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for base stations
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
- H01Q19/108—Combination of a dipole with a plane reflecting surface
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
- H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
- H01Q5/342—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes
- H01Q5/357—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes using a single feed point
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
- H01Q5/378—Combination of fed elements with parasitic elements
- H01Q5/385—Two or more parasitic elements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/06—Details
- H01Q9/065—Microstrip dipole antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/28—Combinations of substantially independent non-interacting antenna units or systems
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a radiating element for a base station antenna, a dual band radiating arrangement and a base station antenna.
- Ultra broad band base station antenna systems typically operate in the 690-960 MHz ("Low Band” - LB), 1.427-2.4 GHz (“Middle Band” - MB) and 1.7-2.7 GHz (“High Band” - HB) spectrum which includes most cellular network frequency bands used today.
- Radios e.g. Active Antenna Systems (AAS)
- AAS Active Antenna Systems
- the coexistence of multiple LB, MB and HB is preferred.
- the radiating elements design for the LB, MB and HB is the radiating elements design for the LB, MB and HB. Ideally they should be electrically invisible to each other. From this perspective the physical dimensions of the radiating elements are one of the dominating factors.
- the MB frequency range (1.427 GHz - 2.4 GHz) is approximately double the LB frequency range (690 - 960 MHz), therefore a dipole designed to work in the MB will probably resonate and behave as a monopole in the LB, generating unwanted effects and degrading the performance of the antenna in the LB frequency band.
- the objective of the present invention is to provide a radiating element for a base station antenna, a dual band radiating arrangement and a base station antenna, which overcome one or more of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art.
- a first aspect of the invention provides a radiating element for a base station antenna, the radiating element comprising: a support structure, at least a pair of dipole arms in a first layer of the support structure, and at least two parasitic arms in a second layer of the support structure, wherein the distance between the first and the second layer is between 0.0004 and 0.1, preferably between 0.002 and 0.02, of the minimum wavelength of the operating frequency band of the radiating element, wherein the area of the parasitic arms in a projection perpendicular from the second to the first layer cover at least 60% of the areas of the at least one pair of dipole arms.
- the parasitic arms which are formed of a conductive material, arranged in the determined distance with respect to the dipole arms have the technical effect that for the given operating frequency, the total length of the dipole arms can be reduced.
- the total dimension of the radiating element in the direction alongside to the dipole arms is decreased with respect to prior art devices. This, for instance, allows to arrange the radiating element in a second radiating element of a lower frequency band to provide a dual-band radiating arrangement in a reduced spatial configuration.
- the parasitic arms are arranged DC/galvanically isolated from the dipole arms. Each parasitic arms is capacitively coupled to at least one corresponding dipole arm.
- the first layer is parallel to the second layer.
- the distance between the first and second layer which defines the distance between the dipole arms and the parasitic arms in each location can vary within the limits provided according to the first aspect.
- keeping the first layer parallel to the second layer, i.e. the parasitic arms and the dipole arms have a constant vertical distance is preferred because this configuration can be easily manufactured.
- the first and second layer may be parallel layers in a continuous support structure of an isolating material.
- the support structure comprises a printed circuit board, PCB, and the dipole arms are disposed in a layer of the PCB, and the parasitic arms are disposed in another layer of the same PCB.
- the support structure is formed by a PCB which can be manufactured cost-efficiently.
- the first and second layers may be arranged on opposing sides of the PCB. Alternatively, one or more of the first and second layers may also be arranged in an intermediate layer of the PCB.
- the support structure comprises or is a molded interconnected device, MID, wherein the dipole arms are formed by a first metallization on the MID and the parasitic arms are formed by a second metallization on the MID, wherein the first metallization and the second metallization are opposite to each other.
- a support structure out of a MID can also be manufactured cost-efficiently.
- the metallization which forms the dipole arms and parasitic arms, respectively, may also be arranged in parallel layers such as the top and bottom side of a plan MID plate.
- the dipole arms are formed by a first set of metal sheets and the parasitic arms are formed by a second set of metal sheets arranged in the distance to the first set of metal sheets.
- the parasitic arms and dipole arms are made of metal sheets which may be separated by an insulating material. This construction also allows to arrange the parasitic arms and the dipole arms in parallel layers on a support structure which may include any insulating material. In this construction it is not necessary that the insulating material of the support structure is continuously between the parasitic arms and the dipole arms as far as the distance of the first and second layer is within the previously defined limits.
- the parasitic arms are floating. Floating means that the arms are isolated from the ground and also not connected any signal feed. In this way, the parasitic arms act effectively as an extension for the dipole arms which decreases the total length of the dipole arms for a given operating frequency.
- the radiating element comprises one or more additional parasitic elements outside the area of the dipole arms and galvanically isolated from the at least two parasitic arms, wherein the additional parasitic elements are arranged in the first, the second or any other layer of the radiating element. Additional parasitic elements outside the area of the dipole arms allow to further decrease the total length of the dipole arms. The additional parasitic elements are also floating and may therefore reduce the total length of the radiating element, i.e. the total length of the dipole arms plus the length added by of the additional parasitic elements arranged outside the dipole arms.
- the additional parasitic elements may be arranged on any layer of the radiating element, preferably, the parasitic elements are arranged in the first or second layer or on any intermediate layer between the first and second layer. With the additional parasitic elements, in a layer within the predefined distance of the first and second layer, the additional parasitic elements act most efficiently to reduce the length of the dipole arms.
- the at least two parasitic arms each includes a solid area of conductive material.
- the parasitic arms of a solid area of conductive material are most efficiently for reducing the total length of the dipole arms.
- the area of the conductive material of the parasitic arms may also include non-conductive interruptions. The non-conductive interruptions may affect the radiating characteristics of the radiating element only in a small amount such that the effect of reducing the length of the radiating elements is still provided.
- the support structure comprises a distance holder with a foot for connecting to a reflector of the base station antenna, wherein the distance holder is configured to hold the dipole arms and the parasitic arms at a further predefined distances from the reflector.
- the support structure including the foot for connecting to a reflector of a base station provides the effect that the dipole arms and the parasitic arms are arranged in a predefined distance to the reflector of the base station antenna.
- the preferred predefined distance from the reflector in order to keep low profile characteristics and still good RF performance should stay in the range of 0.15 to a quarter wavelength at the central operating frequency.
- the reflector may act as a reflector for multiple radiating elements in the base station antenna.
- the feet integrated in the support structure allows to easily connect the radiating elements to the reflector. Moreover, the feet may also include electrical circuitries, in particular a feeding system for the radiating element.
- the distance holder comprises or is a printed circuit board, PCB, perpendicular to the first and second layers of the radiating element, wherein the PCB comprises a balun and a microstrip line, whereas the balun is configured to galvanically connect each of the arms of the at least one pair of dipole arms to ground and whereas the microstrip line is configured to feed, i.e. provide with a signal to be radiated, the at least one pair of dipole arms.
- the microstrip line of this implementation acts as a feeding transmission line for the dipole arms.
- the balun may include a conductive surface on a side of the PCB opposite the microstrip line and its function is to convert the balanced signal of the dipole arms to the unbalanced signal in the feeding line, and vice versa.
- the operating frequency band is in a range from 1.4 GHz to 2.7 GHz. This operating frequency is preferred because it allows to arrange the radiating element of this implementation into a further radiating element which operates in the low band, i.e. in the range from 690 MHz to 960 MHz.
- a second aspect of the invention refers to a dual band radiating arrangement of at least first and second radiating elements, the first radiating element according to any implementation of the first aspect having an operating frequency band and the second radiating element having an operating frequency band lower than the operating frequency band of the first radiating element, wherein the first radiating element is arranged inside the second radiating element.
- the dual band radiating arrangement according to this aspect has the benefit that the two radiating elements of different bands can be arranged to occupy only a minimum space. This is a particular advantage for the construction of base station antennas which are typically operated in at least two frequency bands such as a first band is covered by the first radiating element and the second band is covered by the second radiating element. As the second radiating element for the lower frequency is necessarily bigger in size, it is an advantage that the radiating element for the upper band can be arranged inside the radiating element for the lower band.
- a third aspect of the invention refers to a base station antenna comprising: a reflector; at least a radiating element of any of the implementations of the first aspect and/or a dual band radiating element according to the second aspect; wherein the radiating element and/or dual band radiating element is arranged before the reflector so that the dipole arms and the parasitic arms are arranged at predefined distances to the reflector.
- the base station antenna of this aspect may include a plurality of radiating elements and/or dual band radiating elements which are all arranged in the predefined distance to a single reflector.
- FIGs 1 to 5 a first embodiment of a radiating element is described.
- the radiating element includes two pairs of dipole arms 2 which are capable of radiating in perpendicular polarizations.
- the dipole arms 2 are arranged on a top surface of a supporting structure which includes in this embodiment a printed circuit board, PCB, 4.
- the dipole arms 2 are electromagnetically coupled to (but galvanically/DC isolated from) parasitic arms 6 which include a layer of a conductive material and are arranged on the opposing side of the PCB 4.
- the shape of the parasitic arms is arbitrary but preferably covers the whole area of the respective dipole arms 2.
- the parasitic arms are arranged on the bottom layer of the PCB and the dipole arms 2 are arranged on the top layer of the PCB 4.
- the dipole arms and the parasitic arms may also be arranged in other layers (top layer, bottom layer or intermediate layer) of a support structure such as a PCB or a modelled interconnected device, MID.
- the dipole arms 2 have a curved profile as shown in FIG. 1 .
- Other geometries are possible.
- the parasitic arms 6 are floating, i.e. they are galvanically disconnected from the ground and also from any other signal feed.
- the dipole arms 2 are dipole feet 8 which in the present embodiment are formed by two PCBs stacked together.
- the dipole feet 8 of each PCB includes a microstrip line 10 which capacitvely feeds the respective pair of dipole arms 2. Moreover, on the side opposing the side of the microstrip line 10 of the PCB of the dipole foot 8, the surface is metallized to form a balun structure 12.
- the electrical balun structure 12 is realized by capacitively or as shown in the embodiment galvanically connecting the metallized surface in two points to the dipole arms 2. This allows an additional tuning of the resonance frequency of the dipole arms 2.
- the dipole feet 8 provides a capacitive feeding to the dipole arms 2 and furthermore a galvanic connection of the dipole arms 2 to ground.
- a further feeding PCB 4 is arranged to serve as an interface between the microstrip lines 10 and antenna feeding network and to provide a mechanical support for the radiating element.
- the relationship between the dipole arms 2 and the coupled parasitic arms 6 are defined as follows: the projection of the dipole arm 2 over the parasitic arm 6 should overlap at least 60% of the surface of the dipole arm 2.
- the parasitic arm layer should be below the dipole arms at a distance between 0.0004 and 0.1 of the minimum wavelength of the operating frequency band of the radiating element, preferably between 0.002 and 0.02 of the minimum wavelength.
- the distance may be constant as shown in the first embodiment as the layer of the dipole arms and the layer of the parasitic arms are parallel. However, in other embodiments, the distance may also vary within the given limits.
- the length and area of the parasitic arms 6 determines the bandwidth and the resonance frequency of the radiating element.
- the parasitic arms 6 can have an arbitrary shape, but preferably the parasitic arms are solid. There are at least two parasitic arms 6 per dipole but other embodiments are not limited to only two parasitic arms per dipole. Additional parasitic arms can be used for further increasing the operational bandwidth of the dipole.
- the radiating element as described above is intended to work in a multiband architecture
- FIGs 5 and 6 depict of a multiband arrangement of a second embodiment which includes as one part the radiating element of the first embodiment.
- the first radiating element is arranged inside a cup-shaped radiating element 20 of a lower frequency.
- the radiating element of the first embodiment may operate in the middle band while the second radiating element 20 of the dual band radiating arrangement operates in the low band. Further details regarding the second radiating element 20 of the low band are described in the parallel pending PCT patent application PCT/EP2016/057963 which is fully incorporated by reference.
- the dual band radiating arrangement of the second embodiment is optimized for the available space as the radiating element for the middle band is arranged inside the radiating element 20 of the low band.
- the lower frequency radiating element 20 acts as a sub reflector for the first radiating element arranged inside the lower frequency radiating element.
- an orthogonal PCB of the lower band radiating element is capacitively coupled to a lower plane of the lower frequency radiating element 20.
- the combined radiating element is fed also through the crossed PCBs 8 which also forms the feet of the first radiating element. Further details are described in the mentioned parallel pending PCT patent application PCT/EP2016/057963
- the base station antenna includes a reflector 30 and a plurality of radiating elements. Along a centreline of the reflector 30, first radiating elements and dual band radiating elements according to the second embodiments are arranged. Moreover, a third type of radiating elements are arranged on the longitudinal sides of the reflector 30. The third type of radiating elements have an operating band of the high band, i.e. from 1710 to 2690 Mhz.
- the total arrangement of the base station antenna is spatially optimized as the radiating elements of the low band and the middle band are embodied in part by dual band radiating elements as described before. All radiating elements act with the same reflector 30.
- FIG. 8a shows a radiating element similar to the first embodiment but the parasitic element includes a non-conductive interruption 40 within the solid area of conductive material.
- the embodiment of FIG. 8b includes two parasitic arms 42 for each dipole arm. The amount of the area of the two parasitic arms 42 cover at least 60% of the area of the dipole arm.
- the embodiment of FIG. 8c includes additional parasitic elements 44.
- the additional parasitic elements 44 are arranged on the top side of the PCB in the same layer of the dipole arms 2.
- the additional parasitic elements 42 further increase the operational band frequency of the dipole.
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Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to a radiating element for a base station antenna, a dual band radiating arrangement and a base station antenna.
- Ultra broad band base station antenna systems typically operate in the 690-960 MHz ("Low Band" - LB), 1.427-2.4 GHz ("Middle Band" - MB) and 1.7-2.7 GHz ("High Band" - HB) spectrum which includes most cellular network frequency bands used today. With the growing demand for a deeper integration of antennas with Radios, e.g. Active Antenna Systems (AAS), new ways of designing ultra compact ultra broadband multiple arrays base antenna architectures by reducing the depth are being requested without compromising the antenna key points.
- For those architectures the coexistence of multiple LB, MB and HB is preferred. However, this becomes even more challenging when trying to reduce the overall geometrical antenna dimensions (compact design) and keeping RF key performance. Among many other technical design strategies, one of the key points is the radiating elements design for the LB, MB and HB. Ideally they should be electrically invisible to each other. From this perspective the physical dimensions of the radiating elements are one of the dominating factors.
- In a typical scenario, the MB frequency range (1.427 GHz - 2.4 GHz) is approximately double the LB frequency range (690 - 960 MHz), therefore a dipole designed to work in the MB will probably resonate and behave as a monopole in the LB, generating unwanted effects and degrading the performance of the antenna in the LB frequency band.
- If the resonant behavior of the MB dipole is not shifted out of the LB frequency band, some unwanted consequences appear from in-band resonance such as peaks in the return loss and isolation, phase discontinuities, disturbances in the radiation pattern, gain drops, etc.
- Hence, there is need for a radiating element that provides a broadband characteristic while having a low profile and being invisible from the other bands coexisting in the antenna.
- The objective of the present invention is to provide a radiating element for a base station antenna, a dual band radiating arrangement and a base station antenna, which overcome one or more of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art.
- A first aspect of the invention provides a radiating element for a base station antenna, the radiating element comprising: a support structure, at least a pair of dipole arms in a first layer of the support structure, and at least two parasitic arms in a second layer of the support structure, wherein the distance between the first and the second layer is between 0.0004 and 0.1, preferably between 0.002 and 0.02, of the minimum wavelength of the operating frequency band of the radiating element, wherein the area of the parasitic arms in a projection perpendicular from the second to the first layer cover at least 60% of the areas of the at least one pair of dipole arms. The parasitic arms which are formed of a conductive material, arranged in the determined distance with respect to the dipole arms have the technical effect that for the given operating frequency, the total length of the dipole arms can be reduced. Thus, the total dimension of the radiating element in the direction alongside to the dipole arms is decreased with respect to prior art devices. This, for instance, allows to arrange the radiating element in a second radiating element of a lower frequency band to provide a dual-band radiating arrangement in a reduced spatial configuration. The parasitic arms are arranged DC/galvanically isolated from the dipole arms. Each parasitic arms is capacitively coupled to at least one corresponding dipole arm.
- In a first implementation of the radiating element according to the first aspect, the first layer is parallel to the second layer. In general, the distance between the first and second layer which defines the distance between the dipole arms and the parasitic arms in each location can vary within the limits provided according to the first aspect. However, keeping the first layer parallel to the second layer, i.e. the parasitic arms and the dipole arms have a constant vertical distance, is preferred because this configuration can be easily manufactured. For example, the first and second layer may be parallel layers in a continuous support structure of an isolating material.
- In a second implementation of the radiating element according to any implementation of the first aspect, the support structure comprises a printed circuit board, PCB, and the dipole arms are disposed in a layer of the PCB, and the parasitic arms are disposed in another layer of the same PCB. In this implementation, the support structure is formed by a PCB which can be manufactured cost-efficiently. The first and second layers may be arranged on opposing sides of the PCB. Alternatively, one or more of the first and second layers may also be arranged in an intermediate layer of the PCB.
- In a third implementation of the radiating element according to the first aspect or the first implementation of the first aspect, the support structure comprises or is a molded interconnected device, MID, wherein the dipole arms are formed by a first metallization on the MID and the parasitic arms are formed by a second metallization on the MID, wherein the first metallization and the second metallization are opposite to each other. A support structure out of a MID can also be manufactured cost-efficiently. The metallization which forms the dipole arms and parasitic arms, respectively, may also be arranged in parallel layers such as the top and bottom side of a plan MID plate.
- In a fourth implementation of the radiating element according to the first aspect or the first implementation of the first aspect, the dipole arms are formed by a first set of metal sheets and the parasitic arms are formed by a second set of metal sheets arranged in the distance to the first set of metal sheets. In this implementation, the parasitic arms and dipole arms are made of metal sheets which may be separated by an insulating material. This construction also allows to arrange the parasitic arms and the dipole arms in parallel layers on a support structure which may include any insulating material. In this construction it is not necessary that the insulating material of the support structure is continuously between the parasitic arms and the dipole arms as far as the distance of the first and second layer is within the previously defined limits.
- In a fifth implementation of the radiating element according to any implementation of the first aspect the parasitic arms are floating. Floating means that the arms are isolated from the ground and also not connected any signal feed. In this way, the parasitic arms act effectively as an extension for the dipole arms which decreases the total length of the dipole arms for a given operating frequency.
- In a sixth implementation of the radiating element according to any implementation of the first aspect, the radiating element comprises one or more additional parasitic elements outside the area of the dipole arms and galvanically isolated from the at least two parasitic arms, wherein the additional parasitic elements are arranged in the first, the second or any other layer of the radiating element. Additional parasitic elements outside the area of the dipole arms allow to further decrease the total length of the dipole arms. The additional parasitic elements are also floating and may therefore reduce the total length of the radiating element, i.e. the total length of the dipole arms plus the length added by of the additional parasitic elements arranged outside the dipole arms. The additional parasitic elements may be arranged on any layer of the radiating element, preferably, the parasitic elements are arranged in the first or second layer or on any intermediate layer between the first and second layer. With the additional parasitic elements, in a layer within the predefined distance of the first and second layer, the additional parasitic elements act most efficiently to reduce the length of the dipole arms.
- In a seventh implementation of the radiating element according to any implementation of the first aspect, the at least two parasitic arms each includes a solid area of conductive material. The parasitic arms of a solid area of conductive material are most efficiently for reducing the total length of the dipole arms. However, in other preferred implementations, the area of the conductive material of the parasitic arms may also include non-conductive interruptions. The non-conductive interruptions may affect the radiating characteristics of the radiating element only in a small amount such that the effect of reducing the length of the radiating elements is still provided.
- In an eighth implementation of the radiating element according to any implementation of the first aspect, the support structure comprises a distance holder with a foot for connecting to a reflector of the base station antenna, wherein the distance holder is configured to hold the dipole arms and the parasitic arms at a further predefined distances from the reflector. The support structure including the foot for connecting to a reflector of a base station provides the effect that the dipole arms and the parasitic arms are arranged in a predefined distance to the reflector of the base station antenna. The preferred predefined distance from the reflector in order to keep low profile characteristics and still good RF performance should stay in the range of 0.15 to a quarter wavelength at the central operating frequency. The reflector may act as a reflector for multiple radiating elements in the base station antenna. The feet integrated in the support structure allows to easily connect the radiating elements to the reflector. Moreover, the feet may also include electrical circuitries, in particular a feeding system for the radiating element.
- In a ninth implementation of the radiating element according to any implementation of the first aspect, the distance holder comprises or is a printed circuit board, PCB, perpendicular to the first and second layers of the radiating element, wherein the PCB comprises a balun and a microstrip line, whereas the balun is configured to galvanically connect each of the arms of the at least one pair of dipole arms to ground and whereas the microstrip line is configured to feed, i.e. provide with a signal to be radiated, the at least one pair of dipole arms.. The microstrip line of this implementation acts as a feeding transmission line for the dipole arms. The balun may include a conductive surface on a side of the PCB opposite the microstrip line and its function is to convert the balanced signal of the dipole arms to the unbalanced signal in the feeding line, and vice versa.
- In a tenth implementation of the radiating element according to any implementation of the first aspect, the operating frequency band is in a range from 1.4 GHz to 2.7 GHz. This operating frequency is preferred because it allows to arrange the radiating element of this implementation into a further radiating element which operates in the low band, i.e. in the range from 690 MHz to 960 MHz.
- A second aspect of the invention refers to a dual band radiating arrangement of at least first and second radiating elements, the first radiating element according to any implementation of the first aspect having an operating frequency band and the second radiating element having an operating frequency band lower than the operating frequency band of the first radiating element, wherein the first radiating element is arranged inside the second radiating element. The dual band radiating arrangement according to this aspect has the benefit that the two radiating elements of different bands can be arranged to occupy only a minimum space. This is a particular advantage for the construction of base station antennas which are typically operated in at least two frequency bands such as a first band is covered by the first radiating element and the second band is covered by the second radiating element. As the second radiating element for the lower frequency is necessarily bigger in size, it is an advantage that the radiating element for the upper band can be arranged inside the radiating element for the lower band.
- A third aspect of the invention refers to a base station antenna comprising: a reflector; at least a radiating element of any of the implementations of the first aspect and/or a dual band radiating element according to the second aspect; wherein the radiating element and/or dual band radiating element is arranged before the reflector so that the dipole arms and the parasitic arms are arranged at predefined distances to the reflector. The base station antenna of this aspect may include a plurality of radiating elements and/or dual band radiating elements which are all arranged in the predefined distance to a single reflector. Thus, this construction allows to construct a base station having at least two or three radiating elements for different operating bands within a small spatial configuration.
- To illustrate the technical features of embodiments of the present invention more clearly, the accompanying drawings provided for describing the embodiments are introduced briefly in the following. The accompanying drawings in the following description are merely some embodiments of the present invention, but modifications on these embodiments are possible without departing from the scope of the present invention as defined in the claims.
- FIG. 1
- shows a perspective view of a radiating element of a first embodiment from the top side,
- FIG. 2
- shows a perspective view of the radiating element of the first embodiment from the bottom side,
- FIG. 3
- shows a side elevation view of the radiating element of the first embodiment,
- FIG. 4
- shows a side elevation view of a PCB including a feeding system of the first embodiment,
- FIG. 5
- shows a perspective view of a dual band radiating element of a second embodiment from the top side,
- FIG. 6
- shows a perspective view of the dual band radiating element of the second embodiment from the bottom side,
- FIG. 7
- shows a plan view on a base station antenna of a third embodiment,
- FIGs 8a-c
- show perspective top views and bottom views of further three embodiments of a radiating element.
- Referring to
FIGs 1 to 5 a first embodiment of a radiating element is described. - The radiating element includes two pairs of
dipole arms 2 which are capable of radiating in perpendicular polarizations. Thedipole arms 2 are arranged on a top surface of a supporting structure which includes in this embodiment a printed circuit board, PCB, 4. Thedipole arms 2 are electromagnetically coupled to (but galvanically/DC isolated from)parasitic arms 6 which include a layer of a conductive material and are arranged on the opposing side of thePCB 4. The shape of the parasitic arms is arbitrary but preferably covers the whole area of therespective dipole arms 2. In the shown embodiment, the parasitic arms are arranged on the bottom layer of the PCB and thedipole arms 2 are arranged on the top layer of thePCB 4. However, it should be understood that in other embodiments the dipole arms and the parasitic arms may also be arranged in other layers (top layer, bottom layer or intermediate layer) of a support structure such as a PCB or a modelled interconnected device, MID. - The
dipole arms 2 have a curved profile as shown inFIG. 1 . However, other geometries are possible. - The
parasitic arms 6 are floating, i.e. they are galvanically disconnected from the ground and also from any other signal feed. - The
dipole arms 2 aredipole feet 8 which in the present embodiment are formed by two PCBs stacked together. - With reference to
FIGs 3 and 4 more details of thedipole feet 8 are described. Thedipole feet 8 of each PCB includes amicrostrip line 10 which capacitvely feeds the respective pair ofdipole arms 2. Moreover, on the side opposing the side of themicrostrip line 10 of the PCB of thedipole foot 8, the surface is metallized to form abalun structure 12. Theelectrical balun structure 12 is realized by capacitively or as shown in the embodiment galvanically connecting the metallized surface in two points to thedipole arms 2. This allows an additional tuning of the resonance frequency of thedipole arms 2. In other words, thedipole feet 8 provides a capacitive feeding to thedipole arms 2 and furthermore a galvanic connection of thedipole arms 2 to ground. - Below the dipole feet a
further feeding PCB 4 is arranged to serve as an interface between themicrostrip lines 10 and antenna feeding network and to provide a mechanical support for the radiating element. - The relationship between the
dipole arms 2 and the coupledparasitic arms 6 are defined as follows: the projection of thedipole arm 2 over theparasitic arm 6 should overlap at least 60% of the surface of thedipole arm 2. The parasitic arm layer should be below the dipole arms at a distance between 0.0004 and 0.1 of the minimum wavelength of the operating frequency band of the radiating element, preferably between 0.002 and 0.02 of the minimum wavelength. The distance may be constant as shown in the first embodiment as the layer of the dipole arms and the layer of the parasitic arms are parallel. However, in other embodiments, the distance may also vary within the given limits. - The length and area of the
parasitic arms 6 determines the bandwidth and the resonance frequency of the radiating element. Theparasitic arms 6 can have an arbitrary shape, but preferably the parasitic arms are solid. There are at least twoparasitic arms 6 per dipole but other embodiments are not limited to only two parasitic arms per dipole. Additional parasitic arms can be used for further increasing the operational bandwidth of the dipole. - The radiating element as described above is intended to work in a multiband architecture
-
FIGs 5 and 6 depict of a multiband arrangement of a second embodiment which includes as one part the radiating element of the first embodiment. The first radiating element is arranged inside a cup-shapedradiating element 20 of a lower frequency. For example, the radiating element of the first embodiment may operate in the middle band while thesecond radiating element 20 of the dual band radiating arrangement operates in the low band. Further details regarding thesecond radiating element 20 of the low band are described in the parallel pending PCT patent applicationPCT/EP2016/057963 - It is obvious that the dual band radiating arrangement of the second embodiment is optimized for the available space as the radiating element for the middle band is arranged inside the radiating
element 20 of the low band. - The lower
frequency radiating element 20 acts as a sub reflector for the first radiating element arranged inside the lower frequency radiating element. To ground the first radiating element to a sub reflector, an orthogonal PCB of the lower band radiating element is capacitively coupled to a lower plane of the lowerfrequency radiating element 20. - As shown in
FIG. 6 , the combined radiating element is fed also through the crossedPCBs 8 which also forms the feet of the first radiating element. Further details are described in the mentioned parallel pending PCT patent applicationPCT/EP2016/057963 - Referring to
FIG. 7 , a base station antenna of a third embodiment is described. The base station antenna includes areflector 30 and a plurality of radiating elements. Along a centreline of thereflector 30, first radiating elements and dual band radiating elements according to the second embodiments are arranged. Moreover, a third type of radiating elements are arranged on the longitudinal sides of thereflector 30. The third type of radiating elements have an operating band of the high band, i.e. from 1710 to 2690 Mhz. - As shown in
FIG. 7 , the total arrangement of the base station antenna is spatially optimized as the radiating elements of the low band and the middle band are embodied in part by dual band radiating elements as described before. All radiating elements act with thesame reflector 30. - With reference to
FIGs 8a to 8c , further embodiments of radiating elements are described.FIG. 8a shows a radiating element similar to the first embodiment but the parasitic element includes anon-conductive interruption 40 within the solid area of conductive material. The embodiment ofFIG. 8b includes two parasitic arms 42 for each dipole arm. The amount of the area of the two parasitic arms 42 cover at least 60% of the area of the dipole arm. The embodiment ofFIG. 8c includes additionalparasitic elements 44. The additionalparasitic elements 44 are arranged on the top side of the PCB in the same layer of thedipole arms 2. The additional parasitic elements 42 further increase the operational band frequency of the dipole. - The foregoing descriptions are only implementation manners of the present invention, the scope of the present invention is not limited to this. Any variations or replacements can be easily made through person skilled in the art. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope of the attached claims.
- Embodiment 1. A radiating element for a base station antenna, the radiating element comprising:
- a support structure,
- at least a pair of dipole arms (2) in a first layer of the support structure (4), and
- at least two parasitic arms (6) in a second layer of the support structure (4),
- wherein the distance between the first and the second layer is between 0.0004 and 0.1,
- preferably between 0.002 and 0.02, of the minimum wavelength of the operating frequency band of the radiating element,
- wherein the area of the parasitic arms in a projection perpendicular from the second to the first layer cover at least 60% of the areas of the at least one pair of dipole arms (2).
-
Embodiment 2. The radiating element according to embodiment 1, wherein the first layer is parallel to the second layer. - Embodiment 3. The radiating element according to any of the previous embodiments, wherein the support structure (4) comprises a printed circuit board, PCB, and wherein the dipole arms (2) are disposed in a layer of the PCB, and the parasitic arms (6) are disposed in another layer of the same PCB.
- 4. The radiating element according to
embodiment 1 or 2, wherein the support structure (4) comprises or is an molded interconnected device, MID, wherein the dipole arms (2) are formed by a first metallization on the MID and the parasitic arms are formed by a second metallization on the MID, wherein the first metallization and the second metallization are opposite to each other. - 5. The radiating element according to
embodiment 1 or 2, wherein the dipole arms (2) are formed by a first set of metal sheets and the parasitic arms (6) are formed by a second set of metal sheets arranged in the distance to the first set of metal sheets. - 6. The radiating element according to any of the previous embodiments, wherein the parasitic arms (6) are floating.
- 7. The radiating element according to any of the previous embodiments comprising one or more additional parasitic elements outside the area of the dipole arms (2) and galvanically isolated from the at least two parasitic arms (6), wherein the additional parasitic elements (44) are arranged in the first, the second or any other layer of the radiating element.
- 8. The radiating element according to any of the previous embodiments wherein the at least two parasitic arms (6) each includes a solid area of conductive material.
- 9. The radiating element of any previous embodiment, wherein the support structure comprises a distance holder with a foot for connecting to a reflector (30) of the base station antenna, wherein the distance holder is configured to hold the dipole arms (2) and the parasitic arms (6) at a further predefined distance from the reflector.
- 10. The radiating element of any of the previous embodiments wherein the distance holder comprises or is a printed circuit board, PCB, perpendicular to the first and second layers of the radiating element, wherein the PCB comprises a balun (12) and a microstrip line (10), whereas the balun (12) is configured to galvanically connect each of the arms of the at least one pair of dipole arms (2) to ground and whereas the microstrip line is configured to feed the at least one pair of dipole arms (2).
- 11. The radiating element according to any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the operating frequency band is in a range from 1.4 GHz to 2.7 Ghz.
- 12. A dual band radiating arrangement of at least first and second radiating elements (20), the first radiating element according to any of the previous embodiments having an operating frequency band and the second radiating element (20) having an operating frequency band lower than the operating frequency band of the first radiating element, wherein the first radiating element is arranged inside the second radiating element (20).
- 13. A base station antenna comprising:
- a reflector (30);
- at least a radiating element of any of the embodiments 1 to 11 and/or a dual band radiating element according to
embodiment 12; - wherein the radiating element and/or dual band radiating element is arranged before the reflector (30) so that the dipole arms (2) and the parasitic arms (6) are arranged at predefined distances to the reflector (30).
Claims (10)
- A radiating element for a base station antenna, the radiating element comprising:a support structure,at least a pair of dipole arms (2) in a first layer of the support structure (4), andat least two parasitic arms (6) in a second layer of the support structure (4),wherein the distance between the first and the second layer is between 0.0004 and 0.1 of the minimum wavelength of the operating frequency band of the radiating element,wherein the area of the parasitic arms in a projection perpendicular from the second to the first layer covers at least 60% of the areas of the at least one pair of dipole arms (2),each parasitic arm is capacitively coupled to at least one corresponding dipole arm,the parasitic arms (6) are floating, andthe support structure comprises a distance holder with a foot for connecting to a reflector (30) of the base station antenna, wherein the distance holder is configured to hold the dipole arms (2) and the parasitic arms (6) at a further predefined distance from the reflector,wherein the distance holder comprises crossed printed circuit boards, PCBs, (8) perpendicular to the first and second layers of the radiating element, wherein each PCB of the crossed PCBs comprises:a balun (12) configured to galvanically connect a respective pair of dipole arms (2) to ground, anda microstrip line (10) configured to feed the respective pair of dipole arms (2).
- The radiating element according to claim 1,
wherein the first layer is parallel to the second layer. - The radiating element according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the support structure (4) comprises a printed circuit board, PCB, and wherein the dipole arms (2) are disposed in a layer of the PCB, and the parasitic arms (6) are disposed in another layer of the same PCB.
- The radiating element according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the support structure (4) comprises or is an molded interconnected device, MID, wherein the dipole arms (2) are formed by a first metallization on the MID and the parasitic arms are formed by a second metallization on the MID, wherein the first metallization and the second metallization are opposite to each other.
- The radiating element according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the dipole arms (2) are formed by a first set of metal sheets and the parasitic arms (6) are formed by a second set of metal sheets arranged in the distance to the first set of metal sheets.
- The radiating element according to any of the preceding claims comprising one or more additional parasitic elements outside the area of the dipole arms (2) and galvanically isolated from the at least two parasitic arms (6), wherein the additional parasitic elements (44) are arranged in the first, the second or any other layer of the radiating element.
- The radiating element according to any of the preceding claims wherein the at least two parasitic arms (6) each includes a solid area of conductive material.
- The radiating element according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the operating frequency band is in a range from 1.4 GHz to 2.7 Ghz.
- A dual band radiating arrangement comprising a first radiating element according to any of the preceding claims and a second radiating element (20), wherein the first radiating element has an operating frequency band and the second radiating element (20) has an operating frequency band lower than the operating frequency band of the first radiating element, wherein the second radiating element (20) is cup-shaped and is configured to act as a sub reflector for the first radiating element, the first radiating element is arranged inside the second radiating element (20), and the second radiating element (20) is configured to be fed through the crossed PCBs (8).
- A base station antenna comprising:a reflector (30); andat least a radiating element of any of the claims 1 to 8 and/or a dual band radiating element according to claim 9;wherein the radiating element and/or dual band radiating element is arranged before the reflector (30) so that the dipole arms (2) and the parasitic arms (6) are arranged at predefined distances to the reflector (30).
Priority Applications (1)
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EP20194951.8A EP3813192B1 (en) | 2016-04-12 | 2016-04-12 | Ultra broad band dual polarized radiating element for a base station antenna |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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EP16164812.6A EP3232504B1 (en) | 2016-04-12 | 2016-04-12 | Ultra broad band dual polarized radiating element for a base station antenna |
EP20194951.8A EP3813192B1 (en) | 2016-04-12 | 2016-04-12 | Ultra broad band dual polarized radiating element for a base station antenna |
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EP16164812.6A Division EP3232504B1 (en) | 2016-04-12 | 2016-04-12 | Ultra broad band dual polarized radiating element for a base station antenna |
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EP3813192A1 true EP3813192A1 (en) | 2021-04-28 |
EP3813192B1 EP3813192B1 (en) | 2022-09-28 |
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EP16164812.6A Active EP3232504B1 (en) | 2016-04-12 | 2016-04-12 | Ultra broad band dual polarized radiating element for a base station antenna |
EP20194951.8A Active EP3813192B1 (en) | 2016-04-12 | 2016-04-12 | Ultra broad band dual polarized radiating element for a base station antenna |
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EP (2) | EP3232504B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN109075436B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2017177927A1 (en) |
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EP3692603B1 (en) * | 2017-10-12 | 2023-12-27 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Sub-reflector and feeding device for a dipole |
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CN111755806A (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2020-10-09 | 康普技术有限责任公司 | Radiator for antenna and base station antenna |
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CN110190382B (en) * | 2019-06-11 | 2020-08-04 | 武汉虹信通信技术有限责任公司 | Low-profile radiating element and base station antenna |
CN112216961B (en) * | 2019-07-10 | 2023-04-21 | 联发科技股份有限公司 | Antenna for multi-broadband and multi-polarized communications |
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Also Published As
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EP3813192B1 (en) | 2022-09-28 |
EP3232504A1 (en) | 2017-10-18 |
CN109075436A (en) | 2018-12-21 |
CN109075436B (en) | 2021-06-08 |
EP3232504B1 (en) | 2020-09-09 |
WO2017177927A1 (en) | 2017-10-19 |
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