EP3799934A1 - Safety system for public passenger transport vehicles comprising a plurality of emergency hammers - Google Patents

Safety system for public passenger transport vehicles comprising a plurality of emergency hammers Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3799934A1
EP3799934A1 EP20199632.9A EP20199632A EP3799934A1 EP 3799934 A1 EP3799934 A1 EP 3799934A1 EP 20199632 A EP20199632 A EP 20199632A EP 3799934 A1 EP3799934 A1 EP 3799934A1
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Prior art keywords
icebreakers
triggering
signal
state
local
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EP20199632.9A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3799934B1 (en
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Hubert Forgeot
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Aguila Technologie
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Aguila Technologie
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B3/00—Devices or single parts for facilitating escape from buildings or the like, e.g. protection shields, protection screens; Portable devices for preventing smoke penetrating into distinct parts of buildings
    • A62B3/005—Rescue tools with forcing action

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of fire safety for buses and coaches.
  • the VULCAN project funded by the European Union concerns a fire and smoke detection and extinguishing system for buses and coaches.
  • the general objective is to improve passenger safety and reduce the risk of fire.
  • the technology developed consists of an intelligent response system integrated into the vehicle's on-board controls. She operates smoke detectors and fire extinguishers.
  • the work also included the design of a smoke detection system for vehicles and a report proposing the most suitable fire detection parameters for the engines.
  • the coach In the upper part, the coach is fitted with two passenger escape hatches which also serve as smoke evacuation. Their use as an emergency exit is recommended when the coach is lying on its right side, the doors of the vehicle then being blocked.
  • the roof hatches are opened by ejection or by breaking them using pick hammers placed on each hatch.
  • the coach On the side, the coach is fitted with five windows serving as emergency exits, two on the right and three on the left. They are marked “Emergency exit” and are each fitted with a pick hammer located in the immediate vicinity. To use them, each pane must first be broken using one of the hammerheads.
  • Automatic icebreakers comprising a pyrotechnic or electromechanical trigger to facilitate the breaking of the ice and automatically release the emergency exit.
  • the detection unit includes an acceleration sensor, a temperature and smoke sensor fire detector and a water sensor, each of which is electrically connected to the control unit.
  • the control unit includes an algorithmic drive and control circuit for processing the data from the sensing unit and evaluating whether the trigger conditions are met.
  • the execution module includes an electrically connected control device and electrically triggered window breakers.
  • the control device sends current signals to control the operation of the electrically triggered window breakers as a function of the result of the evaluation of compliance with the triggering conditions by the control unit.
  • Chinese patent CN109229047 describes a vehicle security system comprising a main control module, an abnormality detection module, a window explosion module, a voice broadcast module and an independent power module.
  • the main control module controls the voice broadcast module to realize the voice broadcast and the window explosion module to start to realize the explosion of window.
  • the vehicle security system of the invention automatically breaks the vehicle window by detecting the abnormal state of the vehicle, thereby helping people escape quickly and improving safety.
  • the central control unit includes a control circuit and a control algorithm, configured to receive information from each WBCU and send a warning and control signal in a particular emergency situation.
  • Each WBCU unit comprises a window breaker control unit and a detection unit, and the control unit of said window breaker further comprises an electrically triggered window breaker.
  • the central control unit receives and processes the information from the detection unit of each WBCU unit, then determines which window should be broken and sends an activation request to the corresponding window breaker control unit.
  • the window breaker of the window breaker control unit activates the breaking of the window according to the received request.
  • the system can be used in a train and can include temperature, smoke and acceleration sensors, as well as a camera.
  • the patent application WO2016141502 describes another example of a glass break system for an emergency evacuation and automatic alarm system.
  • the system includes a glass breaker for breaking a window; an independent control apparatus for receiving a signal and controlling the detonation of the glass breaking apparatus, the independent control apparatus being connected to the glass breaking apparatus; a centralized control device connected to a plurality of independent control devices via a communication bus or a cable, the independent control devices and / or the centralized control device comprising a control system self-diagnosis of failure which can quickly carry out a diagnosis of failure on an electric ignition loop.
  • a fault self-diagnosis system can quickly diagnose a circuit fault so as to ensure that the system is in a functional state at all times and has a high safety factor.
  • said icebreakers each consist of a housing suitable for being glued to a window, having a manual release button.
  • each of said icebreakers comprises a radiofrequency communication module.
  • system further comprises a manually operated triggering means common to all of said icebreakers.
  • each of said icebreakers comprises a power supply as well as an electronic circuit periodically measuring the state of charge of said power supply, said system comprising a computer delivering an alert signal when the state of charge of at least one of said power supplies is below a threshold value and / or in the event of the absence of response from at least one of said icebreakers during transmission of a periodic control signal.
  • one of said sensors is a fire detector in the engine compartment of said vehicle.
  • one of said sensors is a smoke and / or temperature detector in the passenger compartment of said vehicle.
  • the invention also relates to an icebreaker characterized in that it comprises a local triggering means, and a radiofrequency communication module, the active / inactive state of said local triggering means is controlled by first an external signal and a means. communication for triggering by a second external signal.
  • said icebreaker further comprises an electric power supply and a circuit periodically determining a signal representative of the state of said power supply, said signal being periodically transmitted by said radiofrequency communication module.
  • the figures 1 and 2 illustrate an example of a coach equipped according to the invention.
  • the coach has a front windshield (8) and has several emergency exits formed by the side bays (1 to 7), and roof hatches (9, 10) allowing the evacuation of passengers when the coach is lying on its right side, the vehicle doors then being blocked, and also acting as a smoke evacuation. These emergency exits are opened by breaking using automatic window breakers (11) placed on each window.
  • the drive device comprises an explosive charge or an electromagnetic motor, for example an armed spring released by an electromagnetic actuator, or even any other means making it possible to ensure a displacement of a weight terminated by a needle with sufficient energy to ensure broken glass.
  • the figure 3 illustrates a non-limiting example of electronic architecture.
  • a computer (20) receives electrical signals transmitted by sensors (22, 23, 24) by wire links, and communicates with the window breakers (1) by radio frequency communication.
  • sensors 22, 23, 24
  • radio frequency communication a computer (20) receives electrical signals transmitted by sensors (22, 23, 24) by wire links, and communicates with the window breakers (1) by radio frequency communication.
  • sensors 22, 23, 24
  • radio frequency communication a computer (20) receives electrical signals transmitted by sensors (22, 23, 24) by wire links, and communicates with the window breakers (1) by radio frequency communication.
  • other variants are possible, either all wired, or all radio frequencies for example.
  • the sensors (22 to 24) provide signals representative of events likely to justify an emergency evacuation.
  • They can also be accelerometers (24) delivering a signal in the event of detection of an impact or a collision and or accelerometers detecting the overturning of the vehicle.
  • the computer (20) transmits an audible and / or light alarm signal to a module (26) placed near the driver of the vehicle.
  • This module (26) comprises an audio or visual interface (27) as well as a manual actuation button (21) allowing the driver or an accompanying person to trigger an icebreaker control signal via a module.
  • radio frequency (25) integrated into the module (26) and / or by a signal transmitted to the computer (20).
  • the module (26) also optionally contains a vigilance detector (28) or a presence detector, or a life detector, the signal of which is transmitted to the computer (20). This signal is used to recalculate the advisability of automatically controlling the triggering of the window breakers (1).
  • Each window breaker (1) contains an electronic circuit controlling the operation of the pyrotechnic or electromechanical release, as well as a power supply (32), for example an electric battery or a supercapacitor.
  • a battery management circuit (34) periodically determines the state of the battery (32) and transmits a signal via a computer (31) and a radio frequency module (30).
  • the computer (20) communicates warning information in the event of an insufficient load on the supply to one or more icebreakers.
  • the manual activation button (12) controls a contactor (33) delivering a digital signal to the computer (31).
  • the computer (31) inhibits the triggering when the central computer (20) transmits a neutralization signal.
  • the computer (31) authorizes local triggering of the window breaker when the local button (12) is pressed.
  • the system according to the invention has an architecture designed to allow different operating modes.
  • the first mode is automatic triggering, when the processing of the signals transmitted by the sensors (22 to 24) leads to a certainty of an emergency evacuation circumstance, the automatic triggering of the window breakers (1) is activated, and the The inhibition of manual triggering is deactivated.
  • the second mode is semi-automatic triggering, when the processing of the signals transmitted by the sensors (22 to 24) results in a probability of an emergency evacuation circumstance, but one or more sensors (22 to 24) provide inconsistent or uncertain or incomplete information, the computer (20) controls an alert signal transmitted to the driver's module (26).
  • the computer (20) controls the release by the local computers (31) of the local activation using the buttons (12) provided on each icebreaker (1).
  • the third mode is a manual mode which is activated by the local computer (31) in the absence of receipt of a life signal from the computer (20) for a predetermined period.
  • the automatic or semi-automatic trigger mode can also control the automatic opening of the emergency exits in the event of an accident (starting fire and / or smoke on board and a low speed (5 km / h, 3 km / h , or even none).
  • the second and third modes can also release manual opening of emergency exits and doors.

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  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Alarm Systems (AREA)
  • Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de sécurité pour des véhicules de transport collectif de passagers comprenant une pluralité de brise-glaces (1) commandés par un calculateur délivrant un signal de déclenchement en fonction de l'état d'une pluralité de capteurs reliés audit calculateur.Chacun desdits brise-glaces (1) comporteo un moyen local de déclenchement (12), l'état actif/inactif dudit moyen local de déclenchement est commandé par premier un signal extérieur,eto un moyen de communication pour un déclenchement par un second signal extérieur.The invention relates to a security system for collective passenger transport vehicles comprising a plurality of icebreakers (1) controlled by a computer delivering a trigger signal as a function of the state of a plurality of sensors connected to said computer. .Each of said icebreakers (1) comprises a local triggering means (12), the active / inactive state of said local triggering means is controlled by first an external signal, and a communication means for triggering by a second signal outside.

Description

Domaine de l'inventionField of the invention

La présente invention concerne le domaine de la sécurité incendie pour les bus et les autocars.The present invention relates to the field of fire safety for buses and coaches.

Environ 1 % de la flotte de transit mondiale est considérée comme impliquée dans des incidents liés à un incendie chaque année, mettant souvent les opérateurs, les passagers, les biens et les véhicules en danger. De nombreux autres incendies ne sont pas signalés.About 1% of the global transit fleet is considered to be involved in fire-related incidents each year, often putting operators, passengers, property and vehicles at risk. Many other fires go unreported.

Les systèmes de suppression incendie actuels ne peuvent pas identifier l'étendue et l'emplacement exact d'un incendie et fournissent un avertissement rapide pour les problèmes ou dysfonctionnements éventuels. En outre, ils ne sont liés à aucune commande électronique des véhicules, entraînant une incapacité à arrêter le déversement de carburant en cas d'incendie.Current fire suppression systems cannot identify the exact extent and location of a fire and provide early warning for possible problems or malfunctions. In addition, they are not linked to any electronic vehicle controls, resulting in an inability to stop the fuel spill in the event of a fire.

Le projet VULCAN financé par l'Union Européenne concerne un système de détection d'incendie et de fumée et d'extinction pour bus et autocars. L'objectif général est d'améliorer la sécurité des passagers et d'atténuer les risques d'incendie. La technologie développée consiste en un système de réponse intelligent intégré dans les commandes embarquées du véhicule. Elle actionne les détecteurs de fumée et les extincteurs. Les travaux comprenaient également la conception d'un système de détection de fumée pour les véhicules et d'un rapport proposant les paramètres de détection d'incendie les mieux adaptés pour les moteurs.The VULCAN project funded by the European Union concerns a fire and smoke detection and extinguishing system for buses and coaches. The general objective is to improve passenger safety and reduce the risk of fire. The technology developed consists of an intelligent response system integrated into the vehicle's on-board controls. She operates smoke detectors and fire extinguishers. The work also included the design of a smoke detection system for vehicles and a report proposing the most suitable fire detection parameters for the engines.

Lors de la collision suivie d'un incendie survenue entre un autocar et un poids lourd le 23 octobre 2015 sur la RD 17 à Puisseguin (33), les experts ont dénoncé la difficulté pour les passagers d'actionner les dispositifs de désenfumage équipant l'autocar ainsi que la difficulté pour les passagers d'utiliser les deux accès et les sorties de secours de l'autocar.During the collision followed by a fire between a bus and a heavy goods vehicle on October 23, 2015 on the RD 17 in Puisseguin (33), the experts denounced the difficulty for the passengers to operate the smoke extraction devices fitted to the coach as well as the difficulty for the passengers to use the coach's two entrances and emergency exits.

Concernant les issues de secours, celles-ci sont situées en parties haute et latérale de l'autocar.Regarding the emergency exits, these are located in the upper and lateral parts of the coach.

En partie haute, l'autocar est équipé de deux trappes d'évacuation des passagers faisant également office d'évacuation des fumées. Leur utilisation comme sortie de secours est recommandée lorsque l'autocar est couché sur son flanc droit, les portes du véhicule étant alors bloquées. L'ouverture des trappes de toit s'effectue par éjection ou par bris à l'aide de marteaux-pics placés sur chaque trappe.In the upper part, the coach is fitted with two passenger escape hatches which also serve as smoke evacuation. Their use as an emergency exit is recommended when the coach is lying on its right side, the doors of the vehicle then being blocked. The roof hatches are opened by ejection or by breaking them using pick hammers placed on each hatch.

En partie latérale, l'autocar est équipé de cinq vitres tenant lieu d'issues de secours, deux à droite et trois à gauche. Elles portent la mention « Issue de secours » et sont munies chacune d'un marteau-pic situé à proximité immédiate. Pour les utiliser, il est nécessaire de briser préalablement chaque vitre à l'aide d'un des marteaux-pics.On the side, the coach is fitted with five windows serving as emergency exits, two on the right and three on the left. They are marked "Emergency exit" and are each fitted with a pick hammer located in the immediate vicinity. To use them, each pane must first be broken using one of the hammerheads.

L'expérience montre qu'en cas d'incendie, d'immersion ou de renversement du véhicule, les personnes sont souvent trop paniquées ou blessées pour casser la vitre à temps, de sorte que les personnes dans le véhicule ne sont pas en mesure de s'échapper dudit véhicule. Lors de l'accident de Puisseguin susvisé, sur une cinquantaine de personnes, 8 seulement ont réussi à s'extraire de l'autocar, dont une seule par une de ces issues de secours.Experience shows that in the event of fire, submersion or overturning of the vehicle, people are often too panicked or injured to break the window in time, so that the people in the vehicle are not able to escape from said vehicle. During the aforementioned Puisseguin accident, out of about fifty people, only 8 managed to get out of the bus, only one of them through one of these emergency exits.

On a ainsi proposé des brise-glaces automatiques comportant un déclencheur pyrotechnique ou électromécanique pour faciliter le bris de la glace et libérer automatiquement l'issue de secours.Automatic icebreakers have thus been proposed comprising a pyrotechnic or electromechanical trigger to facilitate the breaking of the ice and automatically release the emergency exit.

Etat de la techniqueState of the art

On connaît dans l'état de la technique la demande de brevet WO2016/102115 décrivant un système de bris de vitre automatique comprenant une unité de détection connectée électriquement, une unité de commande et une unité d'exécution.The patent application is known in the state of the art WO2016 / 102115 disclosing an automatic glass breaker system comprising an electrically connected sensing unit, a control unit and an execution unit.

L'unité de détection comprend un capteur d'accélération, un détecteur d'incendie à capteur de température et de fumée et un capteur d'eau, chacun étant relié électriquement à l'unité de commande.The detection unit includes an acceleration sensor, a temperature and smoke sensor fire detector and a water sensor, each of which is electrically connected to the control unit.

L'unité de commande comprend un circuit d'entraînement et de commande algorithmique destiné à traiter les données provenant de l'unité de détection et évaluer si les conditions de déclenchement sont respectées.The control unit includes an algorithmic drive and control circuit for processing the data from the sensing unit and evaluating whether the trigger conditions are met.

Le module d'exécution comprend un dispositif de commande connecté électriquement et des brise-vitres à déclenchement électrique.The execution module includes an electrically connected control device and electrically triggered window breakers.

Le dispositif de commande envoie des signaux de courant pour commander le fonctionnement des brise-vitres à déclenchement électrique en fonction du résultat de l'évaluation du respect des conditions de déclenchement par l'unité de commande. Cette solution de l'art antérieur permet de réaliser un bris de vitre automatique dans des cas d'urgence, tels qu'une collision, un incendie et une inondation, ce qui augmente les chances des conducteurs et des passagers de parvenir à s'échapper en cas d'urgence.The control device sends current signals to control the operation of the electrically triggered window breakers as a function of the result of the evaluation of compliance with the triggering conditions by the control unit. This prior art solution makes it possible to achieve automatic glass breakage in emergency cases, such as a collision, fire and flood, which increases the chances of drivers and passengers to manage to escape. in case of emergency.

Le brevet européen EP2552720B1 décrit un autre exemple de véhicule comportant un dispositif de sécurité, le dispositif de sécurité comprenant un brise-vitre comprenant

  • un dispositif d'entraînement
  • une broche entraînée par le dispositif d'entraînement afin de briser une vitre ainsi que
  • des moyens d'activation couplés de manière opérationnelle au dispositif d'entraînement afin d'assurer sa commande. Un moyen d'activation est prévu pour activer manuellement et/ou à désactiver le moyen d'activation.
European patent EP2552720B1 describes another example of a vehicle comprising a safety device, the safety device comprising a window breaker comprising
  • a training device
  • a spindle driven by the drive device in order to break a window as well as
  • activation means operatively coupled to the drive device in order to ensure its control. An activation means is provided for manually activating and / or deactivating the activation means.

Le brevet chinois CN109229047 décrit un système de sécurité de véhicule comprenant un module de contrôle principal, un module de détection d'anomalie, un module d'explosion de vitre, un module de diffusion vocale et un module d'alimentation indépendant. Lorsque le signal de détection d'anomalie est supérieur au signal de référence d'anomalie, le module de contrôle principal commande le module de diffusion vocale pour réaliser la diffusion vocale et le module d'explosion de vitre pour commencer à réaliser l'explosion de vitre. Le système de sécurité du véhicule de l'invention casse automatiquement la vitre du véhicule en détectant l'état anormal du véhicule, aidant ainsi les personnes à s'échapper rapidement et améliorant la sécurité.Chinese patent CN109229047 describes a vehicle security system comprising a main control module, an abnormality detection module, a window explosion module, a voice broadcast module and an independent power module. When the abnormality detection signal is greater than the abnormality reference signal, the main control module controls the voice broadcast module to realize the voice broadcast and the window explosion module to start to realize the explosion of window. The vehicle security system of the invention automatically breaks the vehicle window by detecting the abnormal state of the vehicle, thereby helping people escape quickly and improving safety.

La demande de brevet britannique GB2552255 décrit un système de rupture de vitre de secours comprend une unité de commande centrale et au moins deux unités de commande de brise-vitre (WBCU) qui sont connectées à l'aide d'un bus de terrain, l'unité de commande centrale contrôlant chaque WBCU. L'unité de commande centrale comprend un circuit de commande et un algorithme de pilotage, configuré pour recevoir des informations de chaque unité WBCU et envoyer un signal d'avertissement et de commande dans une situation d'urgence particulière. Chaque unité WBCU comprend une unité de commande de brise-vitre et une unité de détection, et l'unité de commande dudit brise-vitre comprend en outre un brise-vitre déclenché électriquement. L'unité de commande centrale reçoit et traite les informations provenant de l'unité de détection de chaque unité WBCU, puis détermine quelle vitre doit être brisée et envoie une demande d'activation à l'unité de commande du brise-vitre correspondant. Le brise-vitre de l'unité de commande de brise-vitre actionne la rupture de la vitre en fonction de la demande reçue. Le système peut être utilisé dans un train et peut inclure des capteurs de température, de fumée et d'accélération, ainsi qu'un appareil de prise de vues.British patent application GB2552255 describes an emergency window breaking system comprises a central control unit and at least two window breaker control units (WBCU) which are connected using a field bus, the central control unit controlling each WBCU. The central control unit includes a control circuit and a control algorithm, configured to receive information from each WBCU and send a warning and control signal in a particular emergency situation. Each WBCU unit comprises a window breaker control unit and a detection unit, and the control unit of said window breaker further comprises an electrically triggered window breaker. The central control unit receives and processes the information from the detection unit of each WBCU unit, then determines which window should be broken and sends an activation request to the corresponding window breaker control unit. The window breaker of the window breaker control unit activates the breaking of the window according to the received request. The system can be used in a train and can include temperature, smoke and acceleration sensors, as well as a camera.

La demande de brevet WO2016141502 décrit un autre exemple de système de bris de vitre pour un système d'évacuation d'urgence et d'alarme automatique.The patent application WO2016141502 describes another example of a glass break system for an emergency evacuation and automatic alarm system.

Le système comprend un appareil de bris de vitre permettant de casser une vitre; un appareil de commande indépendant permettant de recevoir un signal et de commander la détonation de l'appareil de bris de vitre, l'appareil de commande indépendant étant connecté à l'appareil de bris de vitre; un appareil de commande centralisé connecté à une pluralité d'appareils de commande indépendants par l'intermédiaire d'un bus de communication ou d'un câble, les appareils de commande indépendants et/ou l'appareil de commande centralisé comprenant un système d'auto-diagnostic de défaillance qui peut rapidement effectuer un diagnostic de défaillance sur une boucle d'allumage électrique.The system includes a glass breaker for breaking a window; an independent control apparatus for receiving a signal and controlling the detonation of the glass breaking apparatus, the independent control apparatus being connected to the glass breaking apparatus; a centralized control device connected to a plurality of independent control devices via a communication bus or a cable, the independent control devices and / or the centralized control device comprising a control system self-diagnosis of failure which can quickly carry out a diagnosis of failure on an electric ignition loop.

Un système d'auto-diagnostic de défaillance peut diagnostiquer rapidement une défaillance de circuit de manière à garantir que le système est dans un état fonctionnel à tout moment et présente un facteur de sécurité élevé.A fault self-diagnosis system can quickly diagnose a circuit fault so as to ensure that the system is in a functional state at all times and has a high safety factor.

Inconvénients de l'art antérieurDisadvantages of the prior art

Les solutions de l'art antérieur ne sont pas totalement satisfaisantes. Les brise-glaces manuels sont parfois utilisés à mauvais escient, par des vandales.The solutions of the prior art are not completely satisfactory. Manual icebreakers are sometimes misused by vandals.

Les solutions automatiques sont très délicates à mettre au point : elles doivent garantir un déclenchement immédiat et certain lorsque la situation nécessite une évacuation, mais il est également impératif d'éviter tout faux déclenchement qui se traduirait par une dégradation inutile de la vitre. La difficulté est d'arbitrer entre un déclenchement inopiné, et une absence de déclenchement en cas d'incident. Aucune tolérance n'est envisageable. Or il peut se produire des situations ambiguës, par exemple apparition de fumées dues à un fumeur, ou une élévation de température due à des conditions climatiques, etc...Automatic solutions are very difficult to develop: they must guarantee immediate and certain triggering when the situation requires evacuation, but it is also imperative to avoid any false triggering which would result in unnecessary degradation of the window. The difficulty is to arbitrate between an unexpected triggering, and a lack of triggering in the event of an incident. No tolerance is possible. However, ambiguous situations may arise, for example the appearance of smoke due to to a smoker, or a rise in temperature due to climatic conditions, etc.

Solution apportée par l'inventionSolution provided by the invention

Afin de pallier ces inconvénients, l'invention concerne selon son acception la plus générale un système de sécurité pour des véhicules de transport collectif de passagers comprenant une pluralité de brise-glaces commandés par un calculateur délivrant un signal de déclenchement en fonction de l'état d'une pluralité de capteurs reliés audit calculateur, caractérisé en ce que

  • chacun desdits brise-glaces comporte
    • ∘ un moyen local de déclenchement, l'état actif/inactif dudit moyen local de déclenchement est commandé par premier un signal extérieur.
      et
    • ∘ un moyen de communication pour un déclenchement par un second signal extérieur.
In order to overcome these drawbacks, the invention relates in its most general sense to a security system for collective passenger transport vehicles comprising a plurality of icebreakers controlled by a computer delivering a trigger signal depending on the state. of a plurality of sensors connected to said computer, characterized in that
  • each of said icebreakers comprises
    • ∘ a local triggering means, the active / inactive state of said local triggering means is controlled by first an external signal.
      and
    • ∘ a means of communication for triggering by a second external signal.

De préférence, lesdits brise-glaces sont constitués chacun par un boîtier apte à être collé sur une vitre, présentant un bouton de déclenchement manuel.Preferably, said icebreakers each consist of a housing suitable for being glued to a window, having a manual release button.

Avantageusement, chacun desdits brise-glaces comporte un module de communication radiofréquence.Advantageously, each of said icebreakers comprises a radiofrequency communication module.

Selon un mode de réalisation particulier, le système comporte en outre un moyen de déclenchement à commande manuelle commune à l'ensemble desdits brise-glaces.According to a particular embodiment, the system further comprises a manually operated triggering means common to all of said icebreakers.

De préférence, chacun desdits brise-glaces comporte une alimentation électrique ainsi qu'un circuit électronique mesurant périodiquement l'état de charge de ladite alimentation électrique, ledit système comportant un calculateur délivrant un signal d'alerte lorsque l'état de charge de l'une au moins desdites alimentations est inférieur à une valeur-seuil et/ou dans le cas d'absence de réponse d'un au moins desdits brise-glaces lors de la transmission d'un signal périodique de contrôle.Preferably, each of said icebreakers comprises a power supply as well as an electronic circuit periodically measuring the state of charge of said power supply, said system comprising a computer delivering an alert signal when the state of charge of at least one of said power supplies is below a threshold value and / or in the event of the absence of response from at least one of said icebreakers during transmission of a periodic control signal.

Selon un mode de mise en œuvre préféré, l'un desdits capteurs est un détecteur de feu dans le compartiment moteur dudit véhicule.According to a preferred embodiment, one of said sensors is a fire detector in the engine compartment of said vehicle.

De préférence, l'un desdits capteurs est un détecteur de fumée et/ou de température dans l'habitacle dudit véhicule.Preferably, one of said sensors is a smoke and / or temperature detector in the passenger compartment of said vehicle.

L'invention concerne aussi un brise-glace caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un moyen local de déclenchement, et un module de communication radiofréquence, l'état actif/inactif dudit moyen local de déclenchement est commandé par premier un signal extérieur et un moyen de communication pour un déclenchement par un second signal extérieur.The invention also relates to an icebreaker characterized in that it comprises a local triggering means, and a radiofrequency communication module, the active / inactive state of said local triggering means is controlled by first an external signal and a means. communication for triggering by a second external signal.

De préférence, ledit brise-glace comporte en outre une alimentation électrique et un circuit déterminant périodiquement un signal représentatif de l'état de ladite alimentation, ledit signal étant périodiquement transmis par ledit module de communication radiofréquence.Preferably, said icebreaker further comprises an electric power supply and a circuit periodically determining a signal representative of the state of said power supply, said signal being periodically transmitted by said radiofrequency communication module.

L'invention concerne aussi un procédé de déclenchement d'une pluralité de brise-glaces équipant un véhicule de transport collectif de passagers caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte :

  • un mode de déclenchement manuel local commandé par un bouton équipant chacun desdits brise-glaces
  • un mode de déclenchement centralisé commandé par un calculateur associé à des capteurs physico-chimiques
  • un mode de déclenchement manuel centralisé commandé par un bouton de déclenchement manuel commun à l'ensemble desdits brise-glaces
le procédé consistant en outre à commander le passage d'un état « inactif » audit mode de déclenchement manuel local à un état « actif » en cas de détection d'une indisponibilité du conducteur dudit véhicule.The invention also relates to a method for triggering a plurality of icebreakers fitted to a collective passenger transport vehicle, characterized in that it comprises:
  • a local manual triggering mode controlled by a button fitted to each of said icebreakers
  • a centralized triggering mode controlled by a computer associated with physico-chemical sensors
  • a centralized manual release mode controlled by a manual release button common to all of said icebreakers
the method further comprising controlling the passage from an "inactive" state to said local manual triggering mode to an "active" state in the event of detection of an unavailability of the driver of said vehicle.

Description d'un exemple non limitatif de l'inventionDescription of a non-limiting example of the invention

La présente invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description détaillée d'un exemple non limitatif de l'invention qui suit, se référant aux dessins annexés où :

  • la figure 1 représente une vue schématique de côté d'un autocar selon l'invention,
  • la figure 2 représente une vue schématique de dessus d'un autocar selon l'invention,
  • la figure 3 représente une vue schématique de l'architecture électronique du système selon l'invention.
The present invention will be better understood on reading the detailed description of a non-limiting example of the invention which follows, with reference to the appended drawings where:
  • the figure 1 represents a schematic side view of a coach according to the invention,
  • the figure 2 represents a schematic top view of a coach according to the invention,
  • the figure 3 represents a schematic view of the electronic architecture of the system according to the invention.

Autocar selon l'inventionCoach according to the invention

Les figures 1 et 2 illustrent un exemple d'autocar équipé selon l'invention.The figures 1 and 2 illustrate an example of a coach equipped according to the invention.

L'autocar présente un pare-brise avant (8) et comporte plusieurs issues de secours formées par les baies latérales (1 à 7), et les trappes de toit (9, 10) permettant l'évacuation des passagers lorsque l'autocar est couché sur son flanc droit, les portes du véhicule étant alors bloquées, et faisant également office d'évacuation des fumées. L'ouverture de ces issues de secours se fait par bris à l'aide de brise-vitres automatiques (11) placés sur chaque vitre.The coach has a front windshield (8) and has several emergency exits formed by the side bays (1 to 7), and roof hatches (9, 10) allowing the evacuation of passengers when the coach is lying on its right side, the vehicle doors then being blocked, and also acting as a smoke evacuation. These emergency exits are opened by breaking using automatic window breakers (11) placed on each window.

Ces brise-vitres automatiques (11) sont fixés sur les vitres par collage d'un socle (12).These automatic window breakers (11) are fixed to the windows by bonding a base (12).

Les brise-vitres automatiques (11) comportent de manière connue :

  • un boîtier présentant un socle (12) de collage sur une vitre
  • un dispositif d'entraînement
  • une broche entraînée par le dispositif d'entraînement afin de briser une vitre
  • des moyens d'activation couplés de manière opérationnelle au dispositif d'entraînement afin d'assurer sa commande.
Automatic window breakers (11) comprise in known manner:
  • a housing having a base (12) for bonding to a window
  • a training device
  • a spindle driven by the driving device in order to break a window
  • activation means operatively coupled to the drive device in order to ensure its control.

Le dispositif d'entraînement comprend une charge explosive ou un moteur électromagnétique, par exemple un ressort armé libéré par un actionneur électromagnétique, ou encore tout autre moyen permettant d'assurer un déplacement d'une masselotte terminée par un pointeau avec une énergie suffisante pour assurer le bris d'une vitre.The drive device comprises an explosive charge or an electromagnetic motor, for example an armed spring released by an electromagnetic actuator, or even any other means making it possible to ensure a displacement of a weight terminated by a needle with sufficient energy to ensure broken glass.

Architecture électroniqueElectronic architecture

La figure 3 illustre un exemple non limitatif de l'architecture électronique.The figure 3 illustrates a non-limiting example of electronic architecture.

Dans cet exemple, un calculateur (20) reçoit des signaux électriques transmis par des capteurs (22, 23, 24) par des liaisons filaires, et communique avec les brise-vitres (1) par une communication radiofréquence. Bien entendu, d'autres variantes sont possibles, soit tout filaire, soit tout radiofréquence par exemple.In this example, a computer (20) receives electrical signals transmitted by sensors (22, 23, 24) by wire links, and communicates with the window breakers (1) by radio frequency communication. Of course, other variants are possible, either all wired, or all radio frequencies for example.

Les capteurs (22 à 24) fournissent des signaux représentatifs d'événements susceptibles de justifier une évacuation d'urgence.The sensors (22 to 24) provide signals representative of events likely to justify an emergency evacuation.

Il s'agit par exemple d'un capteur de température (22) ou d'un détecteur de flamme placé dans le compartiment moteur, un tel événement étant à l'origine de beaucoup d'accidents graves avec inflammation rapide de l'habitacle du véhicule.This is for example a temperature sensor (22) or a flame detector placed in the engine compartment, such an event being the cause of many serious accidents with rapid ignition of the passenger compartment of the vehicle. vehicle.

Il s'agit aussi de détecteur de fumées (23) ou de capteurs physico-chimiques délivrant un signal lors de l'apparition de fumées dans l'habitacles.It is also a smoke detector (23) or physicochemical sensors delivering a signal when smoke appears in the passenger compartment.

Il peut aussi s'agir d'accéléromètres (24) délivrant un signal en cas de détection d'un choc ou d'une collision et ou d'accéléromètres détectant le renversement du véhicule.They can also be accelerometers (24) delivering a signal in the event of detection of an impact or a collision and or accelerometers detecting the overturning of the vehicle.

Ces différents signaux sont exploités par le calculateur (20) pour transmettre au module de communication (25) un signal de déclenchement automatique des brise-vitres (1) lorsque le traitement des signaux provenant des capteurs (22 à 24) détermine une certitude de nécessité d'une évacuation d'urgence.These various signals are used by the computer (20) to transmit to the communication module (25) an automatic triggering signal for the window breakers (1) when the processing of the signals coming from the sensors (22 to 24) determines a certainty of necessity. emergency evacuation.

Lorsque le traitement des signaux (22 à 24) aboutit à une probabilité forte de nécessité d'évacuation, le calculateur (20) transmet un signal d'alarme sonore et/ou lumineux à un module (26) placé à proximité du conducteur du véhicule. Ce module (26) comporte une interface sonore ou visuelle (27) ainsi qu'un bouton d'actionnement manuel (21) permettant au conducteur ou un accompagnant de déclencher un signal de commande des brise-glaces par l'intermédiaire d'un module radiofréquence (25) intégré au module (26) et/ou par un signal transmis au calculateur (20).When the processing of the signals (22 to 24) results in a high probability of the need for evacuation, the computer (20) transmits an audible and / or light alarm signal to a module (26) placed near the driver of the vehicle. . This module (26) comprises an audio or visual interface (27) as well as a manual actuation button (21) allowing the driver or an accompanying person to trigger an icebreaker control signal via a module. radio frequency (25) integrated into the module (26) and / or by a signal transmitted to the computer (20).

Le module (26) contient en outre optionnellement un détecteur de vigilance (28) ou un détecteur de présence, ou un détecteur de vie, dont le signal est transmis au calculateur (20). Ce signal est exploité pour recalculer l'opportunité de commander automatiquement le déclenchement des brise-vitres (1).The module (26) also optionally contains a vigilance detector (28) or a presence detector, or a life detector, the signal of which is transmitted to the computer (20). This signal is used to recalculate the advisability of automatically controlling the triggering of the window breakers (1).

Chaque brise-vitre (1) contient un circuit électronique commandant le fonctionnement du déclencheur pyrotechnique ou électromécanique, ainsi qu'une alimentation électrique (32), par exemple une batterie électrique ou un supercondensateur. Un circuit de management de batterie (34) détermine périodiquement l'état de la batterie (32) et transmet un signal par l'intermédiaire d'un calculateur (31) et d'un module radiofréquence (30).Each window breaker (1) contains an electronic circuit controlling the operation of the pyrotechnic or electromechanical release, as well as a power supply (32), for example an electric battery or a supercapacitor. A battery management circuit (34) periodically determines the state of the battery (32) and transmits a signal via a computer (31) and a radio frequency module (30).

Le calculateur (20) communique une information d'alerte en cas d'insuffisance de charge de l'alimentation d'un ou de plusieurs brise-glaces.The computer (20) communicates warning information in the event of an insufficient load on the supply to one or more icebreakers.

Le bouton d'activation manuel (12) commande un contacteur (33) délivrant un signal numérique au calculateur (31).The manual activation button (12) controls a contactor (33) delivering a digital signal to the computer (31).

Le calculateur (31) inhibe le déclenchement lorsque le calculateur central (20) transmet un signal de neutralisation.The computer (31) inhibits the triggering when the central computer (20) transmits a neutralization signal.

Lorsque le module (26) du conducteur transmet un signal d'indisponibilité du conducteur et que le calculateur central (20) transmet un signal de risque non certain d'évacuation, ou ne transmet pas de signal de neutralisation, le calculateur (31) autorise le déclenchement local du brise-vitre en cas d'action sur le bouton local (12).When the driver's module (26) transmits a driver's unavailability signal and the central computer (20) transmits an uncertain evacuation risk signal, or does not transmit a neutralization signal, the computer (31) authorizes local triggering of the window breaker when the local button (12) is pressed.

Logique de fonctionnementOperating logic

Le système selon l'invention présente une architecture prévue pour permettre différents modes de fonctionnement.The system according to the invention has an architecture designed to allow different operating modes.

Le premier mode est le déclenchement automatique, lorsque le traitement des signaux transmis par les capteurs (22 à 24) aboutit à une certitude de circonstance d'évacuation d'urgence, le déclenchement automatique des brise-vitres (1) est activé, et l'inhibition du déclenchement manuel est désactivée.The first mode is automatic triggering, when the processing of the signals transmitted by the sensors (22 to 24) leads to a certainty of an emergency evacuation circumstance, the automatic triggering of the window breakers (1) is activated, and the The inhibition of manual triggering is deactivated.

Le second mode est le déclenchement semi-automatique, lorsque le traitement des signaux transmis par les capteurs (22 à 24) aboutit à une probabilité de circonstance d'évacuation d'urgence, mais qu'un ou plusieurs capteurs (22 à 24) fournit une information incohérente ou incertaine ou lacunaire, le calculateur (20) commande un signal d'alerte transmis au module (26) du conducteur.The second mode is semi-automatic triggering, when the processing of the signals transmitted by the sensors (22 to 24) results in a probability of an emergency evacuation circumstance, but one or more sensors (22 to 24) provide inconsistent or uncertain or incomplete information, the computer (20) controls an alert signal transmitted to the driver's module (26).

En l'absence de réaction et/ou à la réception d'un signal d'indisponibilité du conducteur, le calculateur (20) commande la libération par les calculateurs locaux (31) de l'activation locale par les boutons (12) prévus sur chaque brise-glace (1).In the absence of a reaction and / or upon receipt of an unavailability signal from the driver, the computer (20) controls the release by the local computers (31) of the local activation using the buttons (12) provided on each icebreaker (1).

Le troisième mode est un mode manuel qui est activé par le calculateur local (31) en l'absence de réception de signal de vie du calculateur (20) pendant une durée prédéterminée.The third mode is a manual mode which is activated by the local computer (31) in the absence of receipt of a life signal from the computer (20) for a predetermined period.

Le mode de déclenchement automatique ou semi-automatique peut aussi commander l'ouverture automatique des issues de secours en cas de situation d'accident (départ incendie et/ou fumée à bord et une vitesse faible (5 km/h, 3 km/h, voire nulle).The automatic or semi-automatic trigger mode can also control the automatic opening of the emergency exits in the event of an accident (starting fire and / or smoke on board and a low speed (5 km / h, 3 km / h , or even none).

Le deuxième et le troisième modes peuvent également libérer l'ouverture manuelle des issues de secours et des portes.The second and third modes can also release manual opening of emergency exits and doors.

Claims (10)

Système de sécurité pour des véhicules de transport collectif de passagers comprenant une pluralité de brise-glaces (1) commandés par un calculateur (20) délivrant un signal de déclenchement en fonction de l'état d'une pluralité de capteurs (22 à 24) reliés audit calculateur (20), caractérisé en ce que - chacun desdits brise-glaces (1) comporte ∘ un moyen local de déclenchement (12), l'état actif/inactif dudit moyen local de déclenchement est commandé par premier un signal extérieur,
et ∘ un moyen de communication pour un déclenchement par un second signal extérieur. Safety system for collective passenger transport vehicles comprising a plurality of icebreakers (1) controlled by a computer (20) delivering a trigger signal depending on the state of a plurality of sensors (22 to 24) connected to said computer (20), characterized in that - each of said icebreakers (1) comprises ∘ a local triggering means (12), the active / inactive state of said local triggering means is controlled by first an external signal,
and ∘ a means of communication for triggering by a second external signal. Système de sécurité selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que lesdits brise-glaces sont constitués chacun par un boîtier apte à être collé sur une vitre, présentant un bouton de déclenchement manuel (12).Security system according to Claim 1, characterized in that the said ice-breakers each consist of a housing suitable for being stuck on a window, having a manual release button (12). Système de sécurité selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que chacun desdits brise-glaces comporte un module de communication radiofréquence (30).Security system according to Claim 1, characterized in that each of said icebreakers comprises a radiofrequency communication module (30). Système de sécurité selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte en outre un moyen de déclenchement à commande manuelle (21) commune à l'ensemble desdits brise-glaces.Security system according to Claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a manually operated triggering means (21) common to all of said icebreakers. Système de sécurité selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que chacun desdits brise-glaces (1) comporte une alimentation électrique (32) ainsi qu'un circuit électronique (34) mesurant périodiquement l'état de charge de ladite alimentation électrique (32), ledit système comportant un calculateur (20) délivrant un signal d'alerte lorsque l'état de charge de l'une au moins desdites alimentations est inférieur à une valeur-seuil et/ou dans le cas d'absence de réponse d'un au moins desdits brise-glaces lors de la transmission d'un signal périodique de contrôle.Security system according to Claim 1, characterized in that each of said icebreakers (1) comprises an electric power supply (32) as well as an electronic circuit (34) periodically measuring the state of charge of said electric power supply (32), said system comprising a computer (20) delivering an alert signal when the state of charge of at least one of said power supplies is below a threshold value and / or in the case of the absence of response from at least one of said breaks - ice when transmitting a periodic control signal. Système de sécurité selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que l'un desdits capteurs (22 à 24) est un détecteur de feu dans le compartiment moteur dudit véhicule.Security system according to Claim 1, characterized in that one of said sensors (22 to 24) is a fire detector in the engine compartment of said vehicle. Système de sécurité selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que l'un desdits capteurs (22 à 24) est un détecteur de fumée et/ou de température dans l'habitacle dudit véhicule.Security system according to Claim 1, characterized in that one of said sensors (22 to 24) is a smoke and / or temperature detector in the passenger compartment of said vehicle. Brise-glaces caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un moyen local de déclenchement, et un module de communication radiofréquence, l'état actif/inactif dudit moyen local de déclenchement est commandé par un premier signal extérieur et un moyen de communication pour un déclenchement par un second signal extérieur.Glass breaker characterized in that it comprises a local triggering means, and a radiofrequency communication module, the active / inactive state of said local triggering means is controlled by a first external signal and a communication means for triggering by a second external signal. Brise-glaces selon la revendication précédente caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte en outre une alimentation électrique et un circuit déterminant périodiquement un signal représentatif de l'état de ladite alimentation, ledit signal étant périodiquement transmis par ledit module de communication radiofréquence.Glass breaker according to the preceding claim, characterized in that it further comprises an electric power supply and a circuit periodically determining a signal representative of the state of said power supply, said signal being periodically transmitted by said radiofrequency communication module. Procédé de déclenchement d'une pluralité de brise-glaces équipant un véhicule de transport collectif de passagers caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte : - un mode de déclenchement manuel local commandé par un bouton équipant chacun desdits brise-glaces - un mode de déclenchement centralisé commandé par un calculateur associé à des capteurs physico-chimiques - un mode de déclenchement manuel centralisé commandé par un bouton de déclenchement manuel commun à l'ensemble desdits brise-glaces, Le procédé consistant en outre à commander le passage d'un état « inactif » audit mode de déclenchement manuel local à un état « actif » en cas de détection d'une indisponibilité du conducteur dudit véhicule.Method of triggering a plurality of icebreakers equipping a collective passenger transport vehicle, characterized in that it comprises: - a local manual triggering mode controlled by a button fitted to each of said icebreakers - a centralized trigger mode controlled by a computer associated with physico-chemical sensors - a centralized manual release mode controlled by a manual release button common to all of said icebreakers, The method further comprising controlling the passage from an "inactive" state to said local manual triggering mode to an "active" state in the event of detection of an unavailability of the driver of said vehicle.
EP20199632.9A 2019-10-01 2020-10-01 Safety system for public passenger transport vehicles comprising a plurality of emergency hammers Active EP3799934B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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FR1910860A FR3101299B1 (en) 2019-10-01 2019-10-01 Safety system for collective passenger transport vehicles comprising a plurality of icebreakers

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Citations (8)

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WO2016102115A1 (en) 2014-12-22 2016-06-30 Continental Automotive Gmbh Automatic window-breaking system and transportation facility having the same
WO2016141502A1 (en) 2015-03-06 2016-09-15 北京航天达盛电子技术有限公司 Automatic glass-breaking emergency escape and alarm system and traffic vehicle
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GB2552255A (en) 2016-06-13 2018-01-17 Continental Automotive Gmbh Window breaking system in an emergency
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Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20040050607A1 (en) * 2002-09-16 2004-03-18 Douglas Souther Body-mountable vehicle safety escape apparatus
EP2552720B1 (en) 2010-03-31 2017-05-10 A.S. Oosterhuis Beheer B.V. Vehicle provided with a safety system with window breaker
FR2973546A1 (en) * 2011-03-31 2012-10-05 Finsecur ALARM TRIGGER DEVICE FOR A SECURITY SYSTEM
DE102012021864A1 (en) * 2012-11-07 2013-05-29 Daimler Ag Emergency exit opening for motor vehicle, particularly bus, has disk and shattering device for controlled shattering of disk, where shattering device has housing with propellant and bolt for shattering disk displaced by propellant
WO2016102115A1 (en) 2014-12-22 2016-06-30 Continental Automotive Gmbh Automatic window-breaking system and transportation facility having the same
WO2016141502A1 (en) 2015-03-06 2016-09-15 北京航天达盛电子技术有限公司 Automatic glass-breaking emergency escape and alarm system and traffic vehicle
GB2552255A (en) 2016-06-13 2018-01-17 Continental Automotive Gmbh Window breaking system in an emergency
CN109229047A (en) 2018-09-29 2019-01-18 宁波丞展汽车零部件有限公司 A kind of automobile safety system

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FR3101299A1 (en) 2021-04-02
ES2927891T3 (en) 2022-11-11
FR3101299B1 (en) 2021-10-01
EP3799934B1 (en) 2022-08-24

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