EP3764167A1 - Method for obtaining a timepiece component in which the surface is at least partially covered with a coloured layer - Google Patents

Method for obtaining a timepiece component in which the surface is at least partially covered with a coloured layer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3764167A1
EP3764167A1 EP19185373.8A EP19185373A EP3764167A1 EP 3764167 A1 EP3764167 A1 EP 3764167A1 EP 19185373 A EP19185373 A EP 19185373A EP 3764167 A1 EP3764167 A1 EP 3764167A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
obtaining
colored layer
covered
watch component
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EP19185373.8A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Laurent Guillot
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Patek Philippe SA Geneve
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Patek Philippe SA Geneve
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Priority to EP19185373.8A priority Critical patent/EP3764167A1/en
Publication of EP3764167A1 publication Critical patent/EP3764167A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B45/00—Time pieces of which the indicating means or cases provoke special effects, e.g. aesthetic effects
    • G04B45/0076—Decoration of the case and of parts thereof, e.g. as a method of manufacture thereof
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B19/00—Indicating the time by visual means
    • G04B19/04—Hands; Discs with a single mark or the like
    • G04B19/042—Construction and manufacture of the hands; arrangements for increasing reading accuracy
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B19/00—Indicating the time by visual means
    • G04B19/06—Dials
    • G04B19/12—Selection of materials for dials or graduations markings

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process for micro-manufacturing a watch component, and it relates more specifically to a process for obtaining surfaces coated with a colored layer at least in places of such a component, said surfaces being surfaces of silicon, of oxidized silicon or of glass (optionally of metallic glass).
  • This first aspect relates in particular to such a method in which said surfaces are different plots of the surface of a wafer in which it is planned to then micro-manufacture a batch of watch components.
  • said surfaces could also each be formed by the surface of one of the components of the batch of watch components, or alternatively by the surface of one of the blanks of a batch of blanks of watch components.
  • the present invention relates to a watch component whose surface is covered at least in places with a paint, a lacquer, or a varnish having a specific color.
  • a paint a lacquer, or a varnish having a specific color.
  • the expression “colored layer” will be used to designate generally all colored varnishes, paints, lacquers and the like. On the other hand, we will qualify as “colored” a thing "which has one or more colors”.
  • An aim of the present invention is to remedy the drawbacks of the prior art which have just been explained.
  • the present invention achieves this goal and others by providing, on the one hand, a process for obtaining a surface of silicon, silicon oxide or glass, covered with a colored layer at least in places, according to the appended claim 1, and further providing a component for a timepiece the surface of which is at least partially covered with a colored layer, and which is in accordance with the appended claim 9.
  • step b can be carried out using any technique that a person skilled in the art deems appropriate .
  • spraying spraying
  • dipping dipping
  • brush etc.
  • the layer of metal deposited during step (a) is a layer of titanium.
  • an oxygen source such as air or water
  • a passive oxide layer of a few nanometers is instantly formed. Then the oxide layer only grows very slowly. This layer is very adherent and resistant. It will protect the titanium from corrosion.
  • the layer is thin enough not to interfere with the adhesion of the colored layer.
  • the figure 1 attached is a schematic vertical sectional view of a minute hand made from mono- or poly-crystalline silicon.
  • the needle shown in figure 1 constitutes an exemplary embodiment of the horological component of the invention.
  • the silicon body 3 of the needle 1 is coated on all sides with a silicon oxide layer 5, the thickness of which is of the order of 1. micron.
  • the silicon could for example not be coated with oxide, or else, the body of the needle 1 could be made of another material. different from silicon.
  • the choice of material from which the body of the watch component is made is not decisive, provided that the surface covered by the bonding layer and the colored layer is made of silicon, oxidized silicon or glass, advantageously, in oxidized silicon.
  • the figure 2 is a cross section along 2-2 of the figure 1 .
  • the schematic representation of the figure 2 does not respect the proportions between the thicknesses of the different layers; the aim being to make the drawing easier to read.
  • a bonding layer 7 covers the SiO 2 surface of the upper face of the needle 1.
  • the layer 7 can be made of titanium, chromium, tantalum. , their oxides and nitrides, as well as in alloys of these metals.
  • Layer 7 can advantageously be made of titanium, chromium, tantalum and their oxides, and preferably titanium or titanium oxide.
  • An example of an alloy is titanium-tungsten.
  • the thickness of the tie layer is advantageously at least 5 nanometers, it is most advantageously between 10 and 50 nanometers, and it is preferably between 10 and 25 nanometers.
  • the choice of a bonding layer whose thickness does not exceed 50 nanometers makes it possible to prevent the presence of this from disturbing the thermal or mechanical behavior of the part.
  • the bonding layer 7 is covered by a colored layer referenced 9. Thanks to the characteristics of the invention, the coating based on paint, lacquer, or varnish having a specific color, adheres perfectly to the surface of the coating. watch component and normally no alteration is observed over the long term as long as the watch component is an internal component, for example a hand, a screw, a dial, a bridge, a plate, an oscillating weight, etc.
  • the hands like the minute hand 1 in particular, are very small. Indeed, their width rarely exceeds a few hundred microns.
  • the Applicant has observed that the colored layer formed on the upper face of the needle 1 sometimes has a circumferential bead (not shown).
  • This bead is an edge effect caused by the surface tension present in the liquid colored layer at the time of its application.
  • the circumferential bead is caused by an accumulation of liquid in the regions where the layer 9 straddles two surfaces which make an angle with each other.
  • the two surfaces in question may be the horizontal upper face and the vertical edge of the hand 1.
  • the Applicant has succeeded in preventing such edge effects from appearing by roughening. the surface which is intended to be coated with the colored layer.
  • the figures 3, 4 and 5 appended are three schematic diagrams similar to that of the figure 2 , and each illustrating the result of a separate step of a process for obtaining a surface coated with a colored layer at least in places and which is in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
  • the figures 3, 4 and 5 are schematic cross-sectional views showing the evolution of the blank of an hour hand 51 during production.
  • the needle 51 comprises a crystalline silicon body (referenced 53) coated on all sides with a layer of silicon oxide 55, the thickness of which is the order of 1 micron.
  • the rough surface consists of the layer of silicon oxide 55 which covers the upper face of the body of the needle 51. It will be understood, however, that according to other embodiments of the method of the invention, the silicon surface of the body of the needle 51 could have been roughened prior to the formation of the silicon oxide coating 55.
  • a bonding layer 57 covers the rough SiO 2 surface of the blank of the needle 51.
  • the layer 57 is made of titanium, chromium, tantalum, their oxides and nitrides, as well as alloys of these metals.
  • the tie layer 57 is formed by physical vapor deposition (PVD) or by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Physical vapor deposition is the preferred variant. Indeed, one advantage of PVD is that it is compatible with techniques such as photolithography (lift-off type), sparing or mechanical masking, which make it possible to protect certain selected parts of the surface from the deposit.
  • the bonding layer 57 is made of titanium.
  • a titanium bond coat has the advantage of withstanding long exposure to ambient air without losing its effectiveness. This option gives in particular the possibility of delaying for several days, if necessary, the application of paints, lacquers or varnishes having specific colors on the bond coat. It will be understood that this possibility can prove to be particularly useful in the case where it is desired to apply several different colors.
  • the techniques PVD and CVD deposition have the advantage of making it possible to produce very thin bond layers. In the present example, the thickness of the layer 57 is between 5 and 50 nanometers. It will be understood that this thickness is sufficiently low for the tie layer 57 to reproduce the reliefs of the surface that it covers without significantly attenuating them.
  • a colored layer 59 covers the bonding layer 57 with which the upper face of the blank of the needle 51 is coated.
  • the colored layer is a layer of paint.
  • the step of applying the paint can be carried out using any technique that a person skilled in the art deems appropriate. For example, spraying (spray), dipping (dipping), brush, etc.
  • spraying spraying
  • dipping dipping
  • brush etc.
  • the surface of the colored layer is flat.
  • the paint has filled in the unevenness of the substrate because of its surface tension, for example, the paint used can be opaque red paint from the Berluran® brand.
  • the deposition of the titanium layer by PVD or CVD can be preceded by a step consisting in protecting the surface, so that only certain places thereof, including the places to be colored, are exposed to the metal in phase. steam.
  • an additional step consisting in removing, or in chemically dissolving, the protection put in place at the start of the process is also interposed between the deposition of the titanium layer and the application of the colored layer.
  • At least one additional layer of metal can be deposited between the primer layer and the colored layer.
  • the metal in this additional layer may be chosen from noble metals or platinoids, as well as their alloys. These include gold, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, platinum and ruthenium.
  • the metal of this additional layer is advantageously gold.
  • This intermediate layer between the tack coat and the color layer can have an interesting aesthetic effect on the colored layer, in particular on a paint, such as improving the shine or the tint.
  • a layer of gold deposited by PVD or CVD on a titanium bonding layer will allow the color of the paint layer, or more generally of the colored layer, to have more brilliance.
  • the extent of the layer of paint, lacquer, or varnish having its own color will be included within the extent of the primer layer.
  • the colored layer only partially covers the tie layer. This particular embodiment makes it possible to play with the covering surfaces of the bonding layer, with at least one additional metal layer and / or at least one colored layer, in order to reveal different layers of colors. and thus create shapes and / or borders.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)

Abstract

Le procédé d'obtention d'une surface recouverte d'une couche colorée au moins par endroits d'un composant horloger comporte les étapes suivantes :a) Déposer une couche de métal sur l'étendue exposée de ladite surface par PVD ou CVD, le métal étant choisi parmi le titane, le chrome, le tantale, leurs oxydes et nitrures, ainsi que les alliages de ces métaux.b) Appliquer une peinture, une laque, ou un vernis possédant sa propre couleur sur la couche de métal.Ladite surface est une surface en silicium, en silicium oxydé, en verre ou en verre métallique.The process for obtaining a surface covered with a colored layer at least in places of a watch component comprises the following steps: a) depositing a metal layer on the exposed extent of said surface by PVD or CVD, the metal being chosen from titanium, chromium, tantalum, their oxides and nitrides, as well as the alloys of these metals. b) Apply a paint, a lacquer or a varnish having its own color on the metal layer. is a silicon, oxidized silicon, glass or metallic glass surface.

Description

Conformément à un premier aspect, la présente invention concerne un procédé de micro-fabrication d'un composant horloger, et elle concerne plus spécifiquement un procédé d'obtention de surfaces revêtues d'une couche colorée au moins par endroits d'un tel composant, lesdites surfaces étant des surfaces en silicium, en silicium oxydé ou en verre (éventuellement en verre métallique). Ce premier aspect concerne notamment un tel procédé dans lequel lesdites surfaces sont différentes parcelles de la surface d'un wafer dans lequel il est prévu de micro-fabriquer ensuite un lot de composants horlogers. Alternativement lesdites surfaces pourraient également être constituées chacune par la surface d'un des composants du lot de composants horlogers, ou encore par la surface d'une des ébauches d'un lot d'ébauches de composants horlogers. Conformément à un second aspect, la présente invention concerne un composant horloger dont la surface est recouverte au moins par endroits d'une peinture, d'une laque, ou d'un vernis possédant une couleur propre. Dans la suite du présent document, on utilisera l'expression « couche colorée » pour désigner globalement tous les vernis colorés, peintures, laques et analogues. D'autre part, on qualifiera de « colorée » une chose « qui a une ou plusieurs couleurs ».According to a first aspect, the present invention relates to a process for micro-manufacturing a watch component, and it relates more specifically to a process for obtaining surfaces coated with a colored layer at least in places of such a component, said surfaces being surfaces of silicon, of oxidized silicon or of glass (optionally of metallic glass). This first aspect relates in particular to such a method in which said surfaces are different plots of the surface of a wafer in which it is planned to then micro-manufacture a batch of watch components. Alternatively, said surfaces could also each be formed by the surface of one of the components of the batch of watch components, or alternatively by the surface of one of the blanks of a batch of blanks of watch components. In accordance with a second aspect, the present invention relates to a watch component whose surface is covered at least in places with a paint, a lacquer, or a varnish having a specific color. In the remainder of this document, the expression “colored layer” will be used to designate generally all colored varnishes, paints, lacquers and the like. On the other hand, we will qualify as "colored" a thing "which has one or more colors".

ART ANTERIEURPRIOR ART

Reflet à la fois de la mode et de la technique, le monde de l'horlogerie accorde une place toute particulière à l'esthétique. C'est probablement la raison pour laquelle l'emploi de couleurs, notamment pour les aiguilles et les cadrans, est répandu depuis longtemps.A reflection of both fashion and technique, the world of watchmaking gives a very special place to aesthetics. This is probably the reason why the use of colors, especially for hands and dials, has long been in use.

Aujourd'hui, de plus en plus de composants horlogers sont réalisés en verre, en silicium et/ou en silicium oxydé. Or ce type de matériau ne permet pas une bonne adhésion des laques ou peintures qui sont actuellement disponibles sur le marché. Dans le but de remédier à ce problème, on a proposé de prétraiter la surface à peindre avec un plasma oxygène. Cette solution atteint son but. Toutefois, un inconvénient est que le traitement au plasma ne modifie que temporairement l'était de surface du substrat à peindre. L'application de la laque ou de la peinture doit donc ensuite être effectuée sans tarder.Today, more and more watch components are made of glass, silicon and / or oxidized silicon. However, this type of material does not allow good adhesion of lacquers or paints which are currently available on the market. In order to remedy this problem, it has been proposed to pretreat the surface to be painted with an oxygen plasma. This solution achieves its goal. However, a drawback is that the plasma treatment only temporarily modifies the surface condition of the substrate to be painted. The application of lacquer or paint must therefore be carried out without delay.

Il est connu également d'utiliser un promoteur d'adhésion chimique qui favorise la formation de liaisons chimiques entre le substrat et la laque. Il s'avère toutefois que, même si la tenue des promoteurs chimiques est supérieure à la durée des effets du plasma, elle est limitée dans le temps également. Un autre inconvénient des techniques connues est qu'elles agissent de manière sensiblement isotrope, et ne permettent donc pas de ne traiter qu'une partie de la surface d'un composant.It is also known to use a chemical adhesion promoter which promotes the formation of chemical bonds between the substrate and the lacquer. It turns out, however, that, even if the resistance of the chemical promoters is greater than the duration of the effects of the plasma, it is also limited in time. Another drawback of the known techniques is that they act in a substantially isotropic manner, and therefore do not make it possible to treat only part of the surface of a component.

BREF EXPOSE DE L'INVENTIONBRIEF PRESENTATION OF THE INVENTION

Un but de la présente invention est de remédier aux inconvénients de l'art antérieur qui viennent d'être expliqués. La présente invention atteint ce but ainsi que d'autres en fournissant, d'une part, un procédé d'obtention d'une surface en silicium, en oxyde de silicium ou en verre, recouverte d'une couche colorée au moins par endroits, conformément à la revendication 1 annexée, et en fournissant, d'autre part, un composant pour pièce d'horlogerie dont la surface est au moins partiellement recouverte d'une couche colorée, et qui est conforme à la revendication 9 annexée.An aim of the present invention is to remedy the drawbacks of the prior art which have just been explained. The present invention achieves this goal and others by providing, on the one hand, a process for obtaining a surface of silicon, silicon oxide or glass, covered with a colored layer at least in places, according to the appended claim 1, and further providing a component for a timepiece the surface of which is at least partially covered with a colored layer, and which is in accordance with the appended claim 9.

On comprendra notamment que l'étape d'application de la peinture, de la laque, ou du vernis possédant une couleur propre, (étape b) peut être mise en oeuvre à l'aide de toute technique que l'homme du métier jugera adéquate. Par exemple, pulvérisation (spray), trempe (dipping), pinceau, etc.It will be understood in particular that the step of applying the paint, the lacquer, or the varnish having a specific color (step b) can be carried out using any technique that a person skilled in the art deems appropriate . For example, spraying (spray), dipping (dipping), brush, etc.

Conformément à un mode de mise en oeuvre avantageux de l'invention, la couche de métal déposée durant l'étape (a) est une couche de titane. Dès que le titane se trouve en contact avec une source d'oxygène telle que l'air ou l'eau, une couche passive d'oxyde de quelques nanomètres se forme instantanément. Ensuite, la couche d'oxyde ne croît que très lentement. Cette couche est très adhérente et résistante. Elle va protéger le titane de la corrosion. De plus, la couche est suffisamment fine pour ne pas nuire à l'adhérence de la couche colorée.In accordance with an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the layer of metal deposited during step (a) is a layer of titanium. As soon as the titanium comes into contact with an oxygen source such as air or water, a passive oxide layer of a few nanometers is instantly formed. Then the oxide layer only grows very slowly. This layer is very adherent and resistant. It will protect the titanium from corrosion. In addition, the layer is thin enough not to interfere with the adhesion of the colored layer.

BREVE DESCRIPTION DES FIGURESBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description qui va suivre, donnée uniquement à titre d'exemple non limitatif, et faite en référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue schématique en coupe longitudinale d'une aiguille des minutes en silicium mono- ou poly-cristallin qui constitue un mode de réalisation particulier d'un composant horloger conforme à l'invention;
  • la figure 2 est une vue en coupe transversale selon 2-2 de la figure 1 ;
  • les figures 3, 4 et 5 sont trois schémas de principe illustrant respectivement trois étapes d'un mode particulier de mise en oeuvre du procédé de l'invention.
Other characteristics and advantages of the present invention will become apparent on reading the description which follows, given solely by way of non-limiting example, and made with reference to the appended drawings in which:
  • the figure 1 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a monocrystalline or polycrystalline silicon minute hand which constitutes a particular embodiment of a horological component in accordance with the invention;
  • the figure 2 is a cross-sectional view along 2-2 of the figure 1 ;
  • the figures 3, 4 and 5 are three block diagrams respectively illustrating three steps of a particular embodiment of the method of the invention.

DESCRIPTION DETAILLEE DE MODES DE REALISATIONDETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

La figure 1 annexée est une vue schématique en coupe verticale d'une aiguille des minutes réalisée à partir de silicium mono- ou poly-cristallin. On comprendra que l'aiguille représentée dans la figure 1 constitue un mode de réalisation exemplaire du composant horloger de l'invention. On peut voir dans cette figure que, conformément à une pratique répandue, le corps en silicium 3 de l'aiguille 1 est revêtu sur tous les côtés par une couche d'oxyde de silicium 5 dont l'épaisseur est de l'ordre de 1 micron. On comprendra toutefois que selon des variantes du mode de réalisation qui fait l'objet du présent exemple, le silicium pourrait par exemple ne pas être revêtu d'oxyde, ou alors, le corps de l'aiguille 1 pourrait être réalisé dans un autre matériau différent du silicium. Selon l'invention, en effet, le choix du matériau à partir duquel est réalisé le corps du composant horloger n'est pas déterminant, pour autant que la surface recouverte par la couche d'accrochage et la couche colorée soit en silicium, en silicium oxydé ou en verre, avantageusement, en silicium oxydé.The figure 1 attached is a schematic vertical sectional view of a minute hand made from mono- or poly-crystalline silicon. It will be understood that the needle shown in figure 1 constitutes an exemplary embodiment of the horological component of the invention. It can be seen in this figure that, according to a widespread practice, the silicon body 3 of the needle 1 is coated on all sides with a silicon oxide layer 5, the thickness of which is of the order of 1. micron. It will however be understood that according to variants of the embodiment which is the subject of the present example, the silicon could for example not be coated with oxide, or else, the body of the needle 1 could be made of another material. different from silicon. According to the invention, in fact, the choice of material from which the body of the watch component is made is not decisive, provided that the surface covered by the bonding layer and the colored layer is made of silicon, oxidized silicon or glass, advantageously, in oxidized silicon.

La figure 2 est une coupe transversale selon 2-2 de la figure 1. On remarquera que la représentation schématique de la figure 2 ne respecte pas les proportions entre les épaisseurs des différentes couches ; le but étant de faciliter la lecture du dessin. Conformément à ce que montrent les figures, une couche d'accrochage 7 recouvre la surface en SiO2 de la face supérieure de l'aiguille 1. Conformément à l'invention, la couche 7 peut être réalisée en titane, en chrome, en tantale, leurs oxydes et nitrures, ainsi qu'en alliages de ces métaux. La couche 7 peut avantageusement être réalisée en titane, en chrome, en tantale et leurs oxydes, et de préférence en titane ou en oxyde de titane. Un exemple d'alliage est le titane-tungstène. L'épaisseur de la couche d'accrochage est avantageusement d'au moins 5 nanomètres, elle est le plus avantageusement comprise entre 10 et 50 nanomètres, et elle est de préférence comprise entre 10 et 25 nanomètres. Le choix d'une couche d'accrochage dont l'épaisseur ne dépasse pas 50 nanomètres permet d'éviter que la présence de celle-ci ne perturbe le comportement thermique ou mécanique de la pièce. On peut voir encore que la couche d'accrochage 7 est recouverte par une couche colorée référencée 9. Grâce aux caractéristiques de l'invention, le revêtement à base de peinture, laque, ou vernis possédant une couleur propre, adhère parfaitement à la surface du composant horloger et on n'observe normalement pas d'altération sur le long terme pour autant que le composant horloger soit un composant interne, par exemple une aiguille, une vis, un cadran, un pont, une platine, une masse oscillante, etc.The figure 2 is a cross section along 2-2 of the figure 1 . Note that the schematic representation of the figure 2 does not respect the proportions between the thicknesses of the different layers; the aim being to make the drawing easier to read. According to what the figures show, a bonding layer 7 covers the SiO 2 surface of the upper face of the needle 1. According to the invention, the layer 7 can be made of titanium, chromium, tantalum. , their oxides and nitrides, as well as in alloys of these metals. Layer 7 can advantageously be made of titanium, chromium, tantalum and their oxides, and preferably titanium or titanium oxide. An example of an alloy is titanium-tungsten. The thickness of the tie layer is advantageously at least 5 nanometers, it is most advantageously between 10 and 50 nanometers, and it is preferably between 10 and 25 nanometers. The choice of a bonding layer whose thickness does not exceed 50 nanometers makes it possible to prevent the presence of this from disturbing the thermal or mechanical behavior of the part. It can also be seen that the bonding layer 7 is covered by a colored layer referenced 9. Thanks to the characteristics of the invention, the coating based on paint, lacquer, or varnish having a specific color, adheres perfectly to the surface of the coating. watch component and normally no alteration is observed over the long term as long as the watch component is an internal component, for example a hand, a screw, a dial, a bridge, a plate, an oscillating weight, etc.

Comme chacun le sait, les aiguilles, comme l'aiguille des minutes 1 notamment, sont de très petite dimension. En effet, leur largeur ne dépasse que rarement quelques centaines de microns. A cet égard, la demanderesse à observé que la couche colorée formée sur la face supérieure de l'aiguille 1 présente parfois un bourrelet circonférentiel (non représenté). Ce bourrelet est un effet de bord causé par la tension superficielle présente dans la couche colorée liquide au moment de son application. Le bourrelet circonférentiel est dû à une accumulation de liquide dans les régions où la couche 9 se trouve à cheval sur deux surfaces qui font un angle l'une avec l'autre. Dans le cas de l'aiguille des minutes 1, les deux surfaces en question peuvent être la face supérieure horizontale et le bord vertical de l'aiguille 1. La demanderesse est parvenue à empêcher que de tels effets de bord ne se manifestent en rendant rugueuse la surface qui est destinée à être revêtue de la couche colorée.As everyone knows, the hands, like the minute hand 1 in particular, are very small. Indeed, their width rarely exceeds a few hundred microns. In this regard, the Applicant has observed that the colored layer formed on the upper face of the needle 1 sometimes has a circumferential bead (not shown). This bead is an edge effect caused by the surface tension present in the liquid colored layer at the time of its application. The circumferential bead is caused by an accumulation of liquid in the regions where the layer 9 straddles two surfaces which make an angle with each other. In the case of the minute hand 1, the two surfaces in question may be the horizontal upper face and the vertical edge of the hand 1. The Applicant has succeeded in preventing such edge effects from appearing by roughening. the surface which is intended to be coated with the colored layer.

Les figures 3, 4 et 5 annexées sont trois schémas de principe semblables à celui de la figure 2, et illustrant chacun le résultat d'une étape distincte d'un procédé d'obtention d'une surface revêtue d'une couche colorée au moins par endroit et qui est conforme à un mode de mise en oeuvre exemplaire de l'invention. Les figures 3, 4 et 5 sont des vues schématiques en coupe transversale montrant l'évolution de l'ébauche d'une aiguille des heures 51 en cours de réalisation. A l'instar de ce qui était déjà le cas dans le premier exemple, l'aiguille 51 comporte un corps en silicium cristallin (référencé 53) revêtu sur tous les côtés par une couche d'oxyde de silicium 55 dont l'épaisseur est de l'ordre de 1 micron.The figures 3, 4 and 5 appended are three schematic diagrams similar to that of the figure 2 , and each illustrating the result of a separate step of a process for obtaining a surface coated with a colored layer at least in places and which is in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention. The figures 3, 4 and 5 are schematic cross-sectional views showing the evolution of the blank of an hour hand 51 during production. Like what was already the case in the first example, the needle 51 comprises a crystalline silicon body (referenced 53) coated on all sides with a layer of silicon oxide 55, the thickness of which is the order of 1 micron.

En se référant tout d'abord à la figure 3, on peut voir que, conformément au présent exemple, le procédé d'obtention d'une surface revêtue d'une couche colorée au moins par endroit commence par une étape qui consiste à rendre rugueuse la surface en silicium oxydé qui forme la face supérieure de l'ébauche de l'aiguille 51. L'homme du métier dispose déjà d'un certain nombre de méthodes de micro-usinage qui permettent de rendre une surface mate, ou autrement dit rugueuse. La demande de brevet EP19185364 de la demanderesse (non publiée à ce jour) décrit une méthode particulièrement avantageuse pour rendre une surface mate. Cette méthode comporte les étapes de :

  • déposer une couche sacrificielle de résine sur l'étendue de la surface à rendre mate, la couche sacrificielle étant réalisée sans exposition de la résine, ni recuit;
  • attaquer la couche de résine sacrificielle par gravure ionique réactive profonde (DRIE). Continuer la gravure assez longtemps pour transférer des inhomogénéités de la couche sacrificielle sur l'étendue à rendre mate de la surface en silicium, de façon à ce que ladite étendue soit rendue rugueuse.
Referring first to the figure 3 , it can be seen that, according to the present example, the process for obtaining a surface coated with a colored layer at least in places begins with a step which consists in roughening the oxidized silicon surface which forms the upper face of the blank for the needle 51. Those skilled in the art already have a certain number of micro-machining methods which make it possible to make a surface matt, or in other words rough. The patent application EP19185364 by the Applicant (not published to date) describes a particularly advantageous method for rendering a matt surface. This method comprises the steps of:
  • depositing a sacrificial layer of resin over the extent of the surface to be made matt, the sacrificial layer being produced without exposure of the resin, nor annealing;
  • attack the sacrificial resin layer by deep reactive ion etching (DRIE). Continue etching long enough to transfer inhomogeneities of the sacrificial layer to the area to be matted of the silicon surface, so that said area is roughened.

On notera que dans l'exemple illustré, la surface rugueuse est constituée par la couche d'oxyde de silicium 55 qui recouvre la face supérieure du corps de l'aiguille 51. On comprendra toutefois que selon d'autres modes de mise en oeuvre du procédé de l'invention, la surface en silicium du corps de l'aiguille 51 pourrait avoir été rendue rugueuse préalablement à la formation du revêtement en oxyde de silicium 55.It will be noted that in the example illustrated, the rough surface consists of the layer of silicon oxide 55 which covers the upper face of the body of the needle 51. It will be understood, however, that according to other embodiments of the method of the invention, the silicon surface of the body of the needle 51 could have been roughened prior to the formation of the silicon oxide coating 55.

En se référant maintenant à la figure 4, on peut voir qu'une couche d'accrochage 57 recouvre la surface rugueuse en SiO2 de l'ébauche de l'aiguille 51. Conformément à l'invention, la couche 57 est réalisée en titane, en chrome, en tantale, leurs oxydes et nitrures, ainsi qu'en alliage de ces métaux. On forme la couche d'accrochage 57 par dépôt physique en phase vapeur (PVD) ou par dépôt chimique en phase vapeur (CVD). Le dépôt physique en phase vapeur correspond à la variante préférée. En effet, un avantage du PVD est qu'il est compatible avec des techniques comme la photolithographie (type lift-off), l'épargne ou le masquage mécanique, qui permettent de protéger du dépôt certaines parties sélectionnées de la surface. Conformément au présent exemple, la couche d'accrochage 57 est en titane. Une couche d'accrochage en titane présente l'avantage de supporter une longue exposition à l'air ambiant sans perdre son efficacité. Cette faculté donne notamment la possibilité de retarder de plusieurs jours, si nécessaire, l'application de peintures, de laques ou de vernis possédant des couleurs propres sur la couche d'accrochage. On comprendra que cette possibilité peut s'avérer particulièrement utile dans le cas où on veut appliquer plusieurs couleurs différentes. Les techniques de dépôt PVD et CVD présentent l'avantage de permettre de réaliser des couches d'accrochage très minces. Dans le présent exemple, l'épaisseur de la couche 57 est comprise entre 5 et 50 nanomètres. On comprendra que cette épaisseur est suffisamment faible pour que la couche d'accrochage 57 reproduise les reliefs de la surface qu'elle recouvre sans les atténuer de manière significative.Referring now to the figure 4 , it can be seen that a bonding layer 57 covers the rough SiO 2 surface of the blank of the needle 51. According to the invention, the layer 57 is made of titanium, chromium, tantalum, their oxides and nitrides, as well as alloys of these metals. The tie layer 57 is formed by physical vapor deposition (PVD) or by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Physical vapor deposition is the preferred variant. Indeed, one advantage of PVD is that it is compatible with techniques such as photolithography (lift-off type), sparing or mechanical masking, which make it possible to protect certain selected parts of the surface from the deposit. In accordance with the present example, the bonding layer 57 is made of titanium. A titanium bond coat has the advantage of withstanding long exposure to ambient air without losing its effectiveness. This option gives in particular the possibility of delaying for several days, if necessary, the application of paints, lacquers or varnishes having specific colors on the bond coat. It will be understood that this possibility can prove to be particularly useful in the case where it is desired to apply several different colors. The techniques PVD and CVD deposition have the advantage of making it possible to produce very thin bond layers. In the present example, the thickness of the layer 57 is between 5 and 50 nanometers. It will be understood that this thickness is sufficiently low for the tie layer 57 to reproduce the reliefs of the surface that it covers without significantly attenuating them.

En se référant maintenant à la figure 5, on peut voir qu'une couche colorée 59 recouvre la couche d'accrochage 57 dont est revêtue la face supérieure de l'ébauche de l'aiguille 51. Dans le présent exemple, la couche colorée est une couche de peinture. Comme déjà mentionné, l'étape d'application de la peinture peut être mise en oeuvre à l'aide de toute technique que l'homme du métier jugera adéquate. Par exemple, pulvérisation (spray), trempe (dipping), pinceau, etc. On remarquera que la surface de la couche colorée est plane. En effet, la peinture a comblé les inégalités du substrat en raison de sa tension superficielle, à titre d'exemple, la peinture utilisée peut être de la peinture rouge opaque de la marque Berluran®.Referring now to the figure 5 it can be seen that a colored layer 59 covers the bonding layer 57 with which the upper face of the blank of the needle 51 is coated. In the present example, the colored layer is a layer of paint. As already mentioned, the step of applying the paint can be carried out using any technique that a person skilled in the art deems appropriate. For example, spraying (spray), dipping (dipping), brush, etc. It will be noted that the surface of the colored layer is flat. In fact, the paint has filled in the unevenness of the substrate because of its surface tension, for example, the paint used can be opaque red paint from the Berluran® brand.

On comprendra en outre que diverses modifications et/ou améliorations évidentes pour un homme du métier peuvent être apportées aux modes de réalisation et de mise en oeuvre qui font l'objet de la présente description sans sortir du cadre de la présente invention définie par les revendications annexées. En particulier, le dépôt de la couche de titane par PVD ou CVD peut être précédé d'une étape consistant à protéger la surface, de façon que seuls certains endroits de celle-ci, dont les endroits à colorer, soient exposés au métal en phase vapeur. Conformément à cette variante, de préférence, une étape additionnelle consistant à retirer, ou à dissoudre chimiquement, la protection mise en place au début du procédé est en outre intercalée entre le dépôt de la couche de titane et l'application de la couche colorée.It will also be understood that various modifications and / or improvements obvious to a person skilled in the art can be made to the embodiments and implementations which are the subject of the present description without departing from the scope of the present invention defined by the claims. annexed. In particular, the deposition of the titanium layer by PVD or CVD can be preceded by a step consisting in protecting the surface, so that only certain places thereof, including the places to be colored, are exposed to the metal in phase. steam. In accordance with this variant, preferably, an additional step consisting in removing, or in chemically dissolving, the protection put in place at the start of the process is also interposed between the deposition of the titanium layer and the application of the colored layer.

En outre, conformément à encore un autre mode de mise en oeuvre, au moins une couche supplémentaire de métal peut être déposée entre la couche d'accrochage et la couche colorée. Le métal de cette couche supplémentaire peut être choisi parmi les métaux nobles ou les platinoïdes, ainsi que leurs alliages. Il s'agit notamment de l'or, du ruthénium, du rhodium, du palladium, de l'osmium, de l'iridium, du platine et du ruthénium. Le métal de cette couche supplémentaire est avantageusement de l'or. Cette couche intermédiaire entre la couche d'accroché et la couche de couleur peut avoir un effet esthétique intéressant sur la couche colorée, en particulier sur une peinture, tel qu'améliorer l'éclat ou la teinte. Ainsi une couche d'or déposée par PVD ou CVD sur une couche d'accroché en titane permettra à la couleur de la couche de peinture, ou plus généralement de la couche colorée, d'avoir plus d'éclat.Furthermore, according to yet another embodiment, at least one additional layer of metal can be deposited between the primer layer and the colored layer. The metal in this additional layer may be chosen from noble metals or platinoids, as well as their alloys. These include gold, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, platinum and ruthenium. The metal of this additional layer is advantageously gold. This intermediate layer between the tack coat and the color layer can have an interesting aesthetic effect on the colored layer, in particular on a paint, such as improving the shine or the tint. Thus a layer of gold deposited by PVD or CVD on a titanium bonding layer will allow the color of the paint layer, or more generally of the colored layer, to have more brilliance.

On comprendra en outre que l'étendue de la couche de peinture, de laque, ou de vernis possédant une couleur propre sera comprise à l'intérieur de l'étendue de la couche d'accrochage. Conformément à encore un autre mode de mise en oeuvre, la couche colorée ne recouvre que partiellement la couche d'accrochage. Ce mode particulier de mise en oeuvre permet de jouer avec les surfaces de recouvrement de la couche d'accrochage, d'une couche de métal supplémentaire au moins et/ou d'au moins une couche colorée, afin de laisser apparaître différentes strates de couleurs et de créer ainsi des formes et/ou des bordures.It will further be understood that the extent of the layer of paint, lacquer, or varnish having its own color will be included within the extent of the primer layer. According to yet another embodiment, the colored layer only partially covers the tie layer. This particular embodiment makes it possible to play with the covering surfaces of the bonding layer, with at least one additional metal layer and / or at least one colored layer, in order to reveal different layers of colors. and thus create shapes and / or borders.

Claims (14)

Procédé d'obtention d'une surface recouverte d'une couche colorée au moins par endroits d'un composant horloger, ladite surface étant une surface en silicium, en silicium oxydé, en verre ou en verre métallique, et le procédé comportant les étapes suivantes : a) déposer une couche d'accrochage (7 ; 57) en métal sur l'étendue exposée de ladite surface par PVD ou CVD, le métal étant choisi parmi le titane, le chrome, le tantale, les alliages desdits métaux, ainsi que leurs oxydes et nitrures ; b) appliquer une peinture, une laque ou un vernis possédant une couleur propre sur la couche d'accrochage (7 ; 57). Process for obtaining a surface covered with a colored layer at least in places of a watch component, said surface being a surface of silicon, of oxidized silicon, of glass or of metallic glass, and the process comprising the following steps : a) depositing a bonding layer (7; 57) of metal on the exposed extent of said surface by PVD or CVD, the metal being chosen from titanium, chromium, tantalum, alloys of said metals, as well as their oxides and nitrides; b) apply a paint, lacquer or varnish having its own color on the bond coat (7; 57). Procédé d'obtention d'une surface recouverte d'une couche colorée selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la couche d'accrochage (7 ; 57) déposée durant l'étape a) possède une épaisseur d'au moins 5 nanomètres, avantageusement une épaisseur comprise entre 10 et 50 nanomètres, et de préférence une épaisseur comprise entre 10 et 25 nanomètres.Process for obtaining a surface covered with a colored layer according to claim 1, characterized in that the bonding layer (7; 57) deposited during step a) has a thickness of at least 5 nanometers, advantageously a thickness between 10 and 50 nanometers, and preferably a thickness between 10 and 25 nanometers. Procédé d'obtention d'une surface recouverte d'une couche colorée selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la couche d'accrochage (7 ; 57) déposée durant l'étape a) est une couche de titane.Process for obtaining a surface covered with a colored layer according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the bonding layer (7; 57) deposited during step a) is a layer of titanium. Procédé d'obtention d'une surface recouverte d'une couche colorée selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1, 2 et 3, caractérisé en ce qu'une étape intermédiaire est intercalée entre l'étape (a) et l'étape (b), l'étape intermédiaire consistant à déposer au moins une couche supplémentaire de métal avant de passer à l'étape (b).Process for obtaining a surface covered with a colored layer according to any one of Claims 1, 2 and 3, characterized in that an intermediate stage is interposed between stage (a) and stage (b ), the intermediate step consisting in depositing at least one additional layer of metal before proceeding to step (b). Procédé d'obtention d'une surface recouverte d'une couche colorée selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1, 2 et 3, caractérisé en ce que l'étape (a) est précédée d'une étape préalable consistant à protéger ladite surface, de façon que seul certains endroits de celle-ci, dont les endroits à recouvrir d'une couche colorée, soient exposés ; et en ce qu'une étape intermédiaire est intercalée entre l'étape (a) et l'étape (b), l'étape intermédiaire consistant à retirer, ou à dissoudre chimiquement la protection mise en place durant l'étape préalable.Process for obtaining a surface covered with a colored layer according to any one of claims 1, 2 and 3, characterized in that that step (a) is preceded by a preliminary step consisting in protecting said surface, so that only certain places thereof, including the places to be covered with a colored layer, are exposed; and in that an intermediate step is interposed between step (a) and step (b), the intermediate step consisting in removing or chemically dissolving the protection put in place during the previous step. Procédé d'obtention d'une surface recouverte d'une couche colorée selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce qu'on protège ladite surface en ayant recours à la photolithographie (type lift-off), à l'épargne ou au masquage mécanique.Process for obtaining a surface covered with a colored layer according to Claim 5, characterized in that said surface is protected by having recourse to photolithography (lift-off type), to sparing or to mechanical masking. Procédé d'obtention d'une surface recouverte d'une couche colorée selon la revendication 5 ou 6, caractérisé en ce qu'une sous-étape est intercalée entre l'étape (a) et l'étape intermédiaire, la sous-étape consistant à déposer au moins une couche supplémentaire de métal.Process for obtaining a surface covered with a colored layer according to Claim 5 or 6, characterized in that a substep is interposed between step (a) and the intermediate step, the substep consisting to deposit at least an additional layer of metal. Procédé d'obtention d'une surface recouverte d'une couche colorée selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ladite surface est la surface d'un composant horloger (1 ; 51).Process for obtaining a surface covered with a colored layer according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said surface is the surface of a watch component (1; 51). Procédé d'obtention d'une surface recouverte d'une couche colorée selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que le composant horloger (1 ; 51) est une aiguille en silicium.Process for obtaining a surface covered with a colored layer according to Claim 8, characterized in that the watch component (1; 51) is a silicon needle. Procédé d'obtention d'une surface recouverte d'une couche colorée selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ladite surface sur laquelle on dépose une couche d'accrochage (7 ; 57) durant l'étape (a) est une surface dépolie (rugueuse).Process for obtaining a surface covered with a colored layer according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said surface on which a tie layer (7; 57) is deposited during step (a) is a frosted (rough) surface. Composant horloger (1 ; 51) comportant une surface en silicium, en silicium oxydé ou en verre (éventuellement en verre métallique), ladite surface étant recouverte au moins par endroits d'une couche de peinture, de laque, ou de vernis possédant une couleur propre, caractérisé en ce que la couche de peinture, de laque, ou de vernis possédant une couleur propre, est rendue solidaire de ladite surface par l'intermédiaire d'une couche d'accrochage (7 ; 57) en titane, en chrome, en tantale, leurs oxydes et nitrures, ou en un alliage desdits métaux.Watch component (1; 51) comprising a surface of silicon, oxidized silicon or glass (possibly metallic glass), said surface being covered at least in places with a layer of paint, lacquer, or varnish having its own color, characterized in that the layer of paint, lacquer, or varnish having its own color, is made integral with said surface by means of a bonding layer (7; 57) in titanium, in chromium, in tantalum, their oxides and nitrides, or in an alloy of said metals. Composant horloger (1 ; 51) selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce l'épaisseur de la couche d'accrochage est d'au moins 5 nanomètres.Watch component (1; 51) according to Claim 11, characterized in that the thickness of the bonding layer is at least 5 nanometers. Composant horloger (1; 51) selon la revendication 11 ou 12, caractérisé en ce qu'il est un composant horloger interne, par exemple une aiguille, une vis, un cadran, un pont, une platine, une masse oscillante, etc.Watch component (1; 51) according to Claim 11 or 12, characterized in that it is an internal watch component, for example a hand, a screw, a dial, a bridge, a plate, an oscillating mass, etc. Composant horloger (1 ; 51) selon la revendication 11 ou 13, caractérisé en ce que l'épaisseur de la couche d'accrochage (7 ; 57) est comprise entre 10 et 50 nanomètres.Watch component (1; 51) according to Claim 11 or 13, characterized in that the thickness of the bonding layer (7; 57) is between 10 and 50 nanometers.
EP19185373.8A 2019-07-10 2019-07-10 Method for obtaining a timepiece component in which the surface is at least partially covered with a coloured layer Pending EP3764167A1 (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4254078A1 (en) * 2022-03-29 2023-10-04 Seiko Epson Corporation Watch part, watch, and method for manufacturing watch part
EP4254077A1 (en) * 2022-03-29 2023-10-04 Seiko Epson Corporation Watch component, watch, and manufacturing method for watch component

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2425783A1 (en) * 1973-06-01 1974-12-19 Citizen Watch Co Ltd WATCH DIAL
EP0819995A1 (en) * 1995-04-07 1998-01-21 Citizen Watch Co., Ltd. Dial of solar-cell timepiece
EP2060534A1 (en) * 2007-11-16 2009-05-20 Nivarox-FAR S.A. Composite silicon-metal micromechanical component and method for manufacturing same
EP3339983A1 (en) * 2016-12-23 2018-06-27 The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd Mother-of-pearl substrate coated with a yellow layer
EP3375903A2 (en) * 2017-03-14 2018-09-19 Seiko Epson Corporation Timepiece part, and timepiece

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2425783A1 (en) * 1973-06-01 1974-12-19 Citizen Watch Co Ltd WATCH DIAL
EP0819995A1 (en) * 1995-04-07 1998-01-21 Citizen Watch Co., Ltd. Dial of solar-cell timepiece
EP2060534A1 (en) * 2007-11-16 2009-05-20 Nivarox-FAR S.A. Composite silicon-metal micromechanical component and method for manufacturing same
EP3339983A1 (en) * 2016-12-23 2018-06-27 The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd Mother-of-pearl substrate coated with a yellow layer
EP3375903A2 (en) * 2017-03-14 2018-09-19 Seiko Epson Corporation Timepiece part, and timepiece

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4254078A1 (en) * 2022-03-29 2023-10-04 Seiko Epson Corporation Watch part, watch, and method for manufacturing watch part
EP4254077A1 (en) * 2022-03-29 2023-10-04 Seiko Epson Corporation Watch component, watch, and manufacturing method for watch component

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