EP3755437B1 - Fire extinguisher - Google Patents

Fire extinguisher Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3755437B1
EP3755437B1 EP19710061.3A EP19710061A EP3755437B1 EP 3755437 B1 EP3755437 B1 EP 3755437B1 EP 19710061 A EP19710061 A EP 19710061A EP 3755437 B1 EP3755437 B1 EP 3755437B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
extinguishing agent
extinguishing
gas generator
fire
equal
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Application number
EP19710061.3A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3755437A1 (en
EP3755437C0 (en
Inventor
Gilles GONTHIER
Frédéric MARLIN
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ArianeGroup SAS
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ArianeGroup SAS
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Publication of EP3755437B1 publication Critical patent/EP3755437B1/en
Publication of EP3755437C0 publication Critical patent/EP3755437C0/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C13/00—Portable extinguishers which are permanently pressurised or pressurised immediately before use
    • A62C13/003—Extinguishers with spraying and projection of extinguishing agents by pressurised gas
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C35/00—Permanently-installed equipment
    • A62C35/02—Permanently-installed equipment with containers for delivering the extinguishing substance
    • A62C35/023—Permanently-installed equipment with containers for delivering the extinguishing substance the extinguishing material being expelled by compressed gas, taken from storage tanks, or by generating a pressure gas
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/002—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for warehouses, storage areas or other installations for storing goods
    • A62C3/004—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for warehouses, storage areas or other installations for storing goods for freezing warehouses and storages
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • A62C99/0009—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames
    • A62C99/0018—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames using gases or vapours that do not support combustion, e.g. steam, carbon dioxide
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/07—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in vehicles, e.g. in road vehicles
    • A62C3/08—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in vehicles, e.g. in road vehicles in aircraft

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of extinguishing using a fire extinguisher comprising an extinguishing agent with a low concentration of saturating vapor.
  • Extinguishing fires in a low temperature environment is a problem encountered in particular in the aeronautical field, for example when it is sought to extinguish a fire in the nacelle of an aircraft.
  • Halons are brominated halogenated chemical compounds. Halons have the advantage of having a high vapor pressure even when cold, making it possible to have a gas concentration higher than the extinguishing concentration even in low temperature conditions.
  • the extinguishing concentration constitutes a quantity indicated by the supplier of this extinguishing agent. It indicates the minimum volume concentration of extinguishing agent to be delivered into the atmosphere in order to extinguish a fire linked to the combustion of a given material.
  • the extinguishing concentration is commonly evaluated according to the ISO 14520 standard by cup-burner test. The extinction concentration is given as a quantity independent of temperature.
  • Halons are polluting products, sources of depletion of the ozone layer, the use of which is subject to increasingly strict regulatory bans. It is also expected that Halons will no longer be available in the 2030s.
  • the use of Halon as an extinguishing agent therefore constitutes an environmentally unsatisfactory provisional solution that is desirable to replace.
  • extinguishing agents that do not have the harmful effects of Halons have been developed.
  • extinguishing agents have low saturation vapor pressure and are more environmentally friendly than Halons.
  • An example of an existing low saturation vapor pressure extinguishing agent is FK-5-1-12. It also bears the trade name Novec TM 1230.
  • These extinguishing agents work, with known extinguishing devices, by gasifying at the outlet of the spray nozzle to reach a sufficient gas concentration to extinguish the fire.
  • the manufacturer specifies a minimum use temperature below which the agent condenses before reaching this effective concentration and can therefore no longer extinguish a fire.
  • the invention defined in claim 1, relates to a method of extinguishing a fire in an environment at a temperature less than or equal to - 10°C, comprising at least one step of distributing the extinguishing agent to using a fire extinguisher as described below.
  • the “saturating vapor concentration of the extinguishing agent taken at -10°C and 1 bar” is equal to the following ratio: [saturating vapor pressure of the extinguishing agent at -10°C ]/[1 bar].
  • the extinguishing concentration is determined according to the ISO 14520 standard, 3rd edition published in December 2015.
  • the invention uses, in its two embodiments described above, an extinguishing agent with a low concentration of saturated vapor, at low temperature, with regard to the need for extinguishing.
  • the embodiment of the invention targets extinguishing agents, at any saturated vapor pressure, for which the saturation vapor concentration at 1 bar and -10°C is lower than the extinction concentration.
  • the exemplary embodiment not forming part of the invention specifically targets extinguishing agents with low saturated vapor pressure at -10°C. These extinguishing agents actually have a low concentration of saturated vapor compared to the need for extinguishing at low temperatures.
  • an extinguishing agent is therefore used whose use in the gas phase only is insufficient to extinguish a fire at -10°C, or at temperatures below -10°C. vs.
  • the extinguisher uses a misting nozzle which makes it possible to generate a mist formed of fine liquid droplets of the extinguishing agent during use.
  • a misting nozzle constitutes a type of ejection nozzle known per se (designated in English by the expression “misting nozzle”).
  • the inventors noted that fine liquid droplets were adequately transported to the fire zone by the gas flow, at low temperature.
  • the invention makes it possible to extinguish below the limit temperature of use indicated by the manufacturer of the extinguishing agent because both the liquid phase (fine droplets) and the The gas phase of the extinguishing agent is transported to the fire zone and contributes to extinguishing. Unlike usual gas systems, extinguishing is ensured in the invention by a flow of two-phase extinguishing agent before its contact with the fire zone.
  • the invention therefore provides a solution for carrying out fire extinguishing at low temperature while using an extinguishing agent with a low concentration of saturating vapor. This is a problem for which no suitable solution is currently proposed in the state of the art, the use of extinguishing agents with a low concentration of saturated vapor at low temperature being even explicitly indicated as to be avoided. by some suppliers.
  • the inventors found that the extinguishing performance obtained at low temperature using the extinguisher according to the invention was particularly high, and in particular more higher even than those obtained at higher temperatures. This makes it possible in particular to use a lower concentration for the extinguishing agent in order to extinguish a fire at low temperature, and therefore to reduce the mass of the extinguisher.
  • an extinguishing agent with low saturating vapor pressure is advantageous because it is not very volatile, and therefore has a low impact on the environment.
  • the ratio, taken at a temperature of 20°C, [density of the extinguishing agent]/[surface tension of the extinguishing agent - air] is greater than or equal to 120,000 s 2 /m 3 .
  • Such a feature makes it possible to reduce the size of the droplets formed and to further increase the quantity of extinguishing agent transported by the flow towards the fire at low temperature, thus improving the extinguishing efficiency.
  • the extinguishing agent has a viscosity at -10°C less than or equal to 2 centistokes.
  • Such a characteristic is advantageous in order to reduce the pressure necessary to deliver a given flow rate of liquid agent, thus further facilitating the flow of the extinguishing agent towards the fire zone.
  • the gas generator is configured to impose a maximum pressure greater than or equal to 3 bar, for example greater than or equal to 7 bar, to the extinguishing agent.
  • Such a feature makes it possible to reduce the size of the droplets formed and to further increase the quantity of extinguishing agent transported by the flow towards the fire at low temperature, thus improving the extinguishing efficiency.
  • the misting nozzle is capable of generating liquid droplets of extinguishing agent of size less than or equal to 50 ⁇ m at -10°C.
  • Such a characteristic advantageously makes it possible, by using particularly fine droplets, to further improve the extinguishing efficiency at low temperatures and therefore to limit the effective concentration for extinguishing the fire.
  • the misting nozzle is capable of generating liquid droplets of extinguishing agent of size less than or equal to 10 ⁇ m at -10°C.
  • the gas generator comprises a pyrotechnic gas generator.
  • a pyrotechnic gas generator is advantageous compared to the use of a pressurized gas cylinder in order, on the one hand, to limit the sensitivity to the temperature of the pressure generated and, on the other hand, , to obtain a pressure profile imposed on the extinguishing agent that is almost constant as a function of time, thus further improving the extinguishing efficiency at low temperatures.
  • the gas generator comprises a pressurized gas cylinder.
  • the gas generator is present in a pressurization chamber separated from the storage chamber by a movable wall, the gas generator being configured to set the movable wall in motion in order to distribute the gas agent. extinction outside the body.
  • the gas generator may be present in the storage chamber.
  • the present disclosure also relates to an aircraft equipped with a fire extinguisher as described above.
  • the device 1 comprises a body 2 extending along a longitudinal axis X and defining a storage chamber 4 in which an extinguishing agent (not shown) is present.
  • the extinguishing agent may be present in liquid state. In the case where the fire extinguisher is used at high temperature, the extinguishing agent may be in the gaseous state.
  • the storage chamber 4 may have a non-zero free volume (i.e. a non-zero volume not occupied by the liquid medium containing the extinguishing agent). Alternatively, the entire volume of the storage chamber is occupied by the liquid medium containing the extinguishing agent before distribution begins.
  • extinguishing agent As an example of a extinguishing agent that can be used, we can for example cite FK-5-1-12 or Novec TM 1230 (perfluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pentanone).
  • the extinguishing agent may have a saturated vapor pressure less than or equal to 70 mbar at -10°C.
  • the FK-5-1-12 checks this condition in particular.
  • the extinguishing agent has a solidification temperature below -10°C. It is thus in liquid state when distributed at -10°C.
  • the solidification temperature of the extinguishing agent may in particular be less than or equal to -55°C in certain extreme cases.
  • the extinguishing agent may have a viscosity at -10°C less than or equal to 2 centistokes.
  • the body 2 further defines, in the example illustrated, a pressurization chamber 5 comprising a gas generator 20.
  • the gas generator 20 is a pyrotechnic gas generator.
  • the gas generator can be a pressurized gas cartridge.
  • the gas generator includes at least one housing in which a pyrotechnic charge is present. More precisely, in the example illustrated in figure 1 , the gas generator 20 includes an initiator 26 making it possible to initiate the combustion of the relay charge 27 which will trigger the combustion of the pyrotechnic charge 23 in order to generate the pressurizing gas.
  • the pyrotechnic charge 23 can be in the form of a monolithic block or a granular material.
  • the pyrotechnic charge 23 may have the same composition as the pyrotechnic charges typically used in gas generators for airbags.
  • the gas generator may include one or more pyrotechnic charges.
  • the gas generator 20 can be electrically triggered by applying an electric current to the terminals of the initiator or mechanical (percussive triggering). In the case of mechanical triggering, a striker strikes the ignition device. In all cases, the initiation of the ignition device leads to the combustion of the pyrotechnic charge 23 and the release of the gases resulting from the combustion.
  • the gas generator When activated in an environment at a temperature less than or equal to -10°C, the gas generator can be configured to impose on the extinguishing agent a maximum pressure greater than or equal to 3 bar, for example 7 bar .
  • This maximum pressure can be understood between 3 bar and 30 bar, for example between 7 bar and 30 bar. It is within the general knowledge of those skilled in the art to design a gas generator in order to enable the application of the desired maximum pressure value.
  • the pressurization chamber 5 is separated from the storage chamber 4 by a movable wall 7 in the example illustrated.
  • Body 2 has, in the example illustrated, a symmetrical shape of revolution, here cylindrical. Of course, the invention is not limited to such shapes for the body 2.
  • the body 2 comprises a side wall 2a extending along the longitudinal axis X of the body 2 and surrounding the storage chamber 4.
  • the side wall 2a of the body 2 further surrounds the pressurization chamber 5.
  • the body 2 further comprises a first bottom wall 2b as well as a second bottom wall 2c.
  • the first and second bottom walls 2b and 2c longitudinally delimit the body 2.
  • the first bottom wall 2b delimits the storage chamber 4.
  • the first bottom wall 2b has at least one outlet 10 configured to deliver the agent d extinction outside the body 2 during actuation of the gas generator 20.
  • the second bottom wall 2c delimits the pressurization chamber 5.
  • the pressurization chamber 5 is located between the movable wall 7 and the second bottom wall 2c.
  • the storage chamber 4 is located between the first bottom wall 2b and the movable wall 7, the latter delimiting storage chamber 4.
  • the movable wall 7 can be formed of a metallic material, for example aluminum.
  • the movable wall 7 is made of a single material in order to further simplify the manufacturing process of the device 1.
  • the movable wall 7 is configured to sealtightly separate the storage chamber 4 from the pressurization chamber. 5.
  • the movable wall 7 is configured to communicate to the extinguishing agent present in the storage chamber 4 the pressure imposed by the gas generated in the pressurization chamber 5.
  • the direction of application of the pressure by the movable wall 7 on the extinguishing agent to be distributed is substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis body 2.
  • the movable wall 7 extends over the entire internal diameter D s of the storage chamber 4.
  • the movable wall 7 is configured so as not to be ruptured under the effect of the pressure imposed by the gas generated in the pressurizing chamber 5.
  • the device 1 may further comprise a shutter 15 sealing the outlet orifice 10 and configured to allow the exit of the extinguishing agent outside the body 2 when the pressure in the storage chamber 4 exceeds a predefined value.
  • the shutter 15 is configured to prevent, when it is in a first configuration, the exit of the extinguishing agent outside the body 2, the shutter 15 is further configured to pass into a second configuration when the pressure in the storage chamber 4 exceeds a predefined value, this second configuration of the shutter 15 authorizing the exit of the extinguishing agent outside the body 2.
  • the shutter 15 can , for example, be in the form of a membrane configured to give way when the pressure in the storage chamber 4 exceeds a predefined value.
  • the shutter 15 can, for example, be a membrane made of aluminum or an Inconel ® type alloy.
  • a misting nozzle 18 is attached to the device 1 at the outlet 10 of said device.
  • the misting nozzles constitute nozzles known per se. These are nozzles making it possible to generate fine droplets, for example of a size less than or equal to 50 ⁇ m, or even 10 ⁇ m.
  • the misting nozzle 18 makes it possible to generate a mist comprising liquid droplets of the extinguishing agent.
  • An example of a usable misting nozzle is the nozzle sold under the reference “DFN Misting Nozzle” by the company IC Spray. This example of nozzle makes it possible to generate liquid droplets of extinguishing agent of size less than or equal to 50 ⁇ m at -10°C.
  • the gas generator 20 is first activated in order to pressurize the chamber 5. This excess pressure created in the chamber 5 is transmitted by the movable wall 7 to the extinguishing agent. present in the storage chamber 4. Once a predefined value has been reached for the pressure in the storage chamber 4, the shutter 15 passes into a second configuration allowing the exit of the extinguishing agent outside the body 2 through the outlet 10.
  • the movable wall 7 is moved towards the first bottom wall 2b in order to cause the distribution of the extinguishing agent.
  • the movable wall 7 is set in motion along the longitudinal axis X.
  • the extinguishing agent is distributed outside the extinguisher by the misting nozzle 18 to obtain a mist 19 of fine liquid droplets of extinguishing agent.
  • the fire extinguisher according to the invention is specially adapted to extinguish a fire at low temperature.
  • the agent can be conventionally transported in gaseous form and it also extinguishes the fire in its gaseous form.
  • the fire extinguisher can be used in an environment at a pressure equal to 1 bar, or less than 1 bar.
  • the movable wall 7 is configured to move without deforming during the distribution of the extinguishing agent.
  • the movable wall 7 has a piston effect.
  • the face of the movable wall 7 located on the side of the pressurizing chamber 5 is subjected to the pressure of the gas generated, this pressure is communicated to the face of the movable wall 7 located on the side of the storage chamber 4 in order to allow the distribution of the extinguishing agent outside the body 2.
  • the movable wall 7 causes, during its movement, the distribution of the extinguishing agent outside the body 2 in the manner of a syringe in the example illustrated.
  • the invention can also be implemented with a pressurized gas cylinder, although the use of a pyrotechnic generator is preferential.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Operations Research (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)
  • Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)

Description

La présente invention concerne un un procédé d'extinction à l'aide d'un extincteur d'incendie comprenant un agent d'extinction à faible concentration de vapeur saturante.The present invention relates to a method of extinguishing using a fire extinguisher comprising an extinguishing agent with a low concentration of saturating vapor.

Arrière-plan de l'inventionBackground of the invention

L'extinction d'incendies dans un environnement à basse température, c'est-à-dire à température inférieure ou égale à -10°C, est une problématique rencontrée notamment le domaine aéronautique, par exemple lorsqu'il est recherché d'éteindre un feu au niveau de la nacelle d'un aéronef.Extinguishing fires in a low temperature environment, that is to say at a temperature less than or equal to -10°C, is a problem encountered in particular in the aeronautical field, for example when it is sought to extinguish a fire in the nacelle of an aircraft.

L'extinction d'incendies à ces températures utilise actuellement des Halons (particulièrement le Halon 1301 - CBrF3) comme agent d'extinction. Les Halons sont des composés chimiques halogénés bromés. Les Halons présentent comme avantage d'avoir une forte tension de vapeur même à froid permettant de disposer même dans les conditions de basse température d'une concentration gazeuse supérieure à la concentration d'extinction. Pour chaque agent d'extinction, la concentration d'extinction constitue une grandeur indiquée par le fournisseur de cet agent d'extinction. Elle indique la concentration volumique minimale en agent d'extinction à délivrer dans l'atmosphère afin d'éteindre un incendie lié à la combustion d'un matériau donné. La concentration d'extinction est communément évaluée selon la norme ISO 14520 par essai au brûleur à coupelle (« cup-burner »). La concentration d'extinction est donnée comme une grandeur indépendante de la température.Extinguishing fires at these temperatures currently uses Halons (particularly Halon 1301 - CBrF 3 ) as an extinguishing agent. Halons are brominated halogenated chemical compounds. Halons have the advantage of having a high vapor pressure even when cold, making it possible to have a gas concentration higher than the extinguishing concentration even in low temperature conditions. For each extinguishing agent, the extinguishing concentration constitutes a quantity indicated by the supplier of this extinguishing agent. It indicates the minimum volume concentration of extinguishing agent to be delivered into the atmosphere in order to extinguish a fire linked to the combustion of a given material. The extinguishing concentration is commonly evaluated according to the ISO 14520 standard by cup-burner test. The extinction concentration is given as a quantity independent of temperature.

Les Halons sont en revanche des produits polluants, sources de la déplétion de la couche d'ozone dont l'utilisation fait l'objet d'interdictions réglementaires de plus en plus strictes. Il est par ailleurs attendu que les Halons ne soient plus disponibles dans le courant des années 2030. L'utilisation d'un Halon comme agent d'extinction constitue donc une solution provisoire non satisfaisante sur le plan environnemental qu'il est souhaitable de remplacer.Halons, on the other hand, are polluting products, sources of depletion of the ozone layer, the use of which is subject to increasingly strict regulatory bans. It is also expected that Halons will no longer be available in the 2030s. The use of Halon as an extinguishing agent therefore constitutes an environmentally unsatisfactory provisional solution that is desirable to replace.

A ce titre, différents agents d'extinction n'ayant pas les effets néfastes des Halons ont été développés. De tels agents d'extinction présentent une faible pression de vapeur saturante et sont plus respectueux de l'environnement que les Halons. Un exemple d'agent d'extinction à faible pression de vapeur saturante existant est le FK-5-1-12. Il porte aussi le nom commercial de Novec™ 1230. Ces agents d'extinction fonctionnent, avec les dispositifs d'extinction connus, en se gazéifiant en sortie de buse de pulvérisation pour atteindre une concentration gazeuse suffisante pour permettre d'éteindre l'incendie. A l'heure actuelle, le fabricant spécifie une température minimale d'utilisation au-dessous de laquelle l'agent condense avant d'atteindre cette concentration efficace et ne peut donc plus éteindre un incendie. Par exemple, pour le Novec™ 1230 le fournisseur indique explicitement que son produit n'est pas utilisable à des températures inférieures ou égales à -10°C. En dessous de cette température limite d'utilisation, la concentration de vapeur saturante de ces agents d'extinction est inférieure à leur concentration d'extinction. Dans ce cas, l'agent d'extinction pulvérisé à l'état gazeux avec les dispositifs connus n'est pas présent en concentration suffisante pour éteindre l'incendie lorsque la température est trop basse, d'où l'existence de cette température limite d'utilisation. Des procédés d'extinction et des extincteurs pour l'extinction dans un environnement froid sont connus des documents WO 2009/056574 A1 et WO 2014/007862 A2 .As such, different extinguishing agents that do not have the harmful effects of Halons have been developed. Such extinguishing agents have low saturation vapor pressure and are more environmentally friendly than Halons. An example of an existing low saturation vapor pressure extinguishing agent is FK-5-1-12. It also bears the trade name Novec ™ 1230. These extinguishing agents work, with known extinguishing devices, by gasifying at the outlet of the spray nozzle to reach a sufficient gas concentration to extinguish the fire. Currently, the manufacturer specifies a minimum use temperature below which the agent condenses before reaching this effective concentration and can therefore no longer extinguish a fire. For example, for Novec ™ 1230 the supplier explicitly indicates that its product cannot be used at temperatures lower than or equal to -10°C. Below this use limit temperature, the saturated vapor concentration of these extinguishing agents is lower than their extinguishing concentration. In this case, the extinguishing agent sprayed in the gaseous state with known devices is not present in sufficient concentration to extinguish the fire when the temperature is too low, hence the existence of this limiting temperature. of use. Extinguishing methods and extinguishers for extinguishing in a cold environment are known from the documents WO 2009/056574 A1 And WO 2014/007862 A2 .

Il serait donc souhaitable de disposer d'une solution permettant d'éteindre un incendie à basse température avec un agent d'extinction dont la concentration de vapeur saturante est inférieure à sa concentration d'extinction annoncée par le fabricant.It would therefore be desirable to have a solution making it possible to extinguish a fire at low temperature with an extinguishing agent whose saturating vapor concentration is lower than its extinguishing concentration announced by the manufacturer.

Il serait en outre souhaitable de disposer d'une solution d'extinction d'un incendie à basse température plus respectueuse de l'environnement que les solutions mettant en oeuvre les Halons.It would also be desirable to have a low temperature fire extinguishing solution that is more environmentally friendly than solutions using Halons.

Objet et résumé de l'inventionObject and summary of the invention

L'invention, définie dans la revendication 1, vise un procédé d'extinction d'un incendie dans un environnement à une température inférieure ou égale à - 10°C, comprenant au moins une étape de distribution de l'agent d'extinction à l'aide d'un extincteur tel que décrit plus bas.The invention, defined in claim 1, relates to a method of extinguishing a fire in an environment at a temperature less than or equal to - 10°C, comprising at least one step of distributing the extinguishing agent to using a fire extinguisher as described below.

En particulier, l'incendie traité peut être dans un environnement à une température inférieure ou égale à -55°C. Selon l'invention, l'extincteur comprend au moins :

  • un corps définissant une chambre de stockage contenant un agent d'extinction,
  • un générateur de gaz configuré pour mettre sous pression l'agent d'extinction afin de le distribuer à l'extérieur du corps au travers d'un orifice de sortie,
l'extincteur d'incendie étant caractérisé en ce que l'orifice de sortie est muni d'une buse de brumisation, et en ce que l'agent d'extinction présente une température de solidification inférieure à -10°C, la concentration de vapeur saturante de l'agent d'extinction prise à -10°C et à 1 bar étant inférieure à la concentration d'extinction de l'agent d'extinction déterminée selon la norme ISO 14520 pour un feu d'heptane à 1 bar.In particular, the fire being treated may be in an environment at a temperature less than or equal to -55°C. According to the invention, the fire extinguisher comprises at least:
  • a body defining a storage chamber containing an extinguishing agent,
  • a gas generator configured to pressurize the extinguishing agent in order to distribute it outside the body through an outlet orifice,
the fire extinguisher being characterized in that the outlet orifice is provided with a misting nozzle, and in that the extinguishing agent has a solidification temperature lower than -10°C, the concentration of saturating vapor of the extinguishing agent taken at -10°C and at 1 bar being lower than the extinguishing concentration of the extinguishing agent determined according to standard ISO 14520 for a heptane fire at 1 bar.

Par définition, la « concentration de vapeur saturante de l'agent d'extinction prise à -10°C et à 1 bar » est égale au rapport suivant : [pression de vapeur saturante de l'agent d'extinction à -10°C]/[1 bar].By definition, the “saturating vapor concentration of the extinguishing agent taken at -10°C and 1 bar” is equal to the following ratio: [saturating vapor pressure of the extinguishing agent at -10°C ]/[1 bar].

La concentration d'extinction est déterminée selon la norme ISO 14520, 3ème édition publiée en décembre 2015.The extinguishing concentration is determined according to the ISO 14520 standard, 3rd edition published in December 2015.

Selon un exemple ne faisant pas partie de l'invention, l'extincteur comprend au moins :

  • un corps définissant une chambre de stockage contenant un agent d'extinction,
  • un générateur de gaz configuré pour mettre sous pression l'agent d'extinction afin de le distribuer à l'extérieur du corps au travers d'un orifice de sortie,
l'extincteur d'incendie étant caractérisé en ce que l'orifice de sortie est muni d'une buse de brumisation, et en ce que l'agent d'extinction présente une température de solidification inférieure à -10°C et une pression de vapeur saturante inférieure ou égale à 70 mbar à -10°C.According to an example not part of the invention, the fire extinguisher comprises at least:
  • a body defining a storage chamber containing an extinguishing agent,
  • a gas generator configured to pressurize the extinguishing agent in order to distribute it outside the body through an outlet orifice,
the fire extinguisher being characterized in that the outlet orifice is provided with a misting nozzle, and in that the extinguishing agent has a solidification temperature of less than -10°C and a pressure of saturated steam less than or equal to 70 mbar at -10°C.

Dans la suite, l'expression « température inférieure ou égale à - 10°C » sera sauf mention contraire désignée par « basse température ».In the following, the expression “temperature less than or equal to - 10°C” will be referred to as “low temperature” unless otherwise stated.

L'invention met en oeuvre, dans ses deux modes de réalisation décrits plus haut, un agent d'extinction à faible concentration de vapeur saturante, à basse température, au regard du besoin d'extinction.The invention uses, in its two embodiments described above, an extinguishing agent with a low concentration of saturated vapor, at low temperature, with regard to the need for extinguishing.

Le mode de réalisation de l'invention vise des agents d'extinction, à pression de vapeur saturante quelconque, pour lesquels la concentration de vapeur saturante à 1 bar et à -10°C est inférieure à la concentration d'extinction.The embodiment of the invention targets extinguishing agents, at any saturated vapor pressure, for which the saturation vapor concentration at 1 bar and -10°C is lower than the extinction concentration.

L'exemple de réalisation ne faisant pas partie de l'invention vise spécifiquement des agents d'extinction à faible pression de vapeur saturante à -10°C. Ces agents d'extinction présentent de fait une faible concentration de vapeur saturante au regard du besoin d'extinction à basse température.The exemplary embodiment not forming part of the invention specifically targets extinguishing agents with low saturated vapor pressure at -10°C. These extinguishing agents actually have a low concentration of saturated vapor compared to the need for extinguishing at low temperatures.

Dans ces deux modes de réalisation, il est donc utilisé un agent d'extinction dont l'emploi en phase gazeuse uniquement est insuffisant pour réaliser l'extinction d'un incendie à -10°C, ou à des températures inférieures à -10°C.In these two embodiments, an extinguishing agent is therefore used whose use in the gas phase only is insufficient to extinguish a fire at -10°C, or at temperatures below -10°C. vs.

A la différence des dispositifs d'extinction connus, l'extincteur selon l'invention met en oeuvre une buse de brumisation qui permet de générer un brouillard formé de fines gouttelettes liquides de l'agent d'extinction lors de l'utilisation. Une buse de brumisation constitue un type de buse d'éjection connu en soi (désigné en anglais par l'expression « misting nozzle »). En présence d'un flux d'air (cas du brûleur à coupelle ou des nacelles d'avions), les inventeurs ont constaté que de fines gouttelettes liquides étaient convenablement transportées vers la zone de feu par le débit de gaz, à basse température. Il est avantageux que ces gouttelettes de l'agent d'extinction soient fines, et donc d'utiliser une buse de brumisation, car de trop grosses gouttes seraient difficilement transportables jusqu'à la zone de feu à basse température, et risqueraient même de former une flaque à la sortie même de l'orifice de sortie. Ainsi en utilisant une buse de brumisation, l'invention permet de réaliser l'extinction en dessous de la température limite d'utilisation indiquée par le fabricant de l'agent d'extinction car à la fois la phase liquide (fines gouttelettes) et la phase gazeuse de l'agent d'extinction sont transportées vers la zone de feu et participent à l'extinction. Contrairement aux systèmes gazeux usuels, l'extinction est assurée dans l'invention par un flux d'agent d'extinction diphasique avant son contact avec la zone de feu.Unlike known extinguishing devices, the extinguisher according to the invention uses a misting nozzle which makes it possible to generate a mist formed of fine liquid droplets of the extinguishing agent during use. A misting nozzle constitutes a type of ejection nozzle known per se (designated in English by the expression “misting nozzle”). In the presence of an air flow (case of the cup burner or aircraft nacelles), the inventors noted that fine liquid droplets were adequately transported to the fire zone by the gas flow, at low temperature. It is advantageous for these droplets of the extinguishing agent to be fine, and therefore to use a misting nozzle, because too large drops would be difficult to transport to the fire zone at low temperature, and would even risk forming a puddle at the very exit of the outlet port. Thus by using a misting nozzle, the invention makes it possible to extinguish below the limit temperature of use indicated by the manufacturer of the extinguishing agent because both the liquid phase (fine droplets) and the The gas phase of the extinguishing agent is transported to the fire zone and contributes to extinguishing. Unlike usual gas systems, extinguishing is ensured in the invention by a flow of two-phase extinguishing agent before its contact with the fire zone.

L'invention fournit donc une solution pour réaliser l'extinction d'incendie à basse température tout en employant un agent d'extinction à faible concentration de vapeur saturante. Il s'agit d'un problème dont aucune solution convenable n'est actuellement proposée dans l'état de la technique, l'utilisation d'agents d'extinction à faible concentration de vapeur saturante à basse température étant même explicitement indiquée comme à éviter par certains fournisseurs.The invention therefore provides a solution for carrying out fire extinguishing at low temperature while using an extinguishing agent with a low concentration of saturating vapor. This is a problem for which no suitable solution is currently proposed in the state of the art, the use of extinguishing agents with a low concentration of saturated vapor at low temperature being even explicitly indicated as to be avoided. by some suppliers.

En plus de fournir une solution au problème d'éteindre un feu à basse température, les inventeurs ont constaté que les performances d'extinction obtenues à basse température à l'aide de l'extincteur selon l'invention étaient particulièrement élevées, et notamment plus élevées encore que celles obtenues à plus haute température. Cela permet notamment d'utiliser une concentration plus faible pour l'agent d'extinction afin d'éteindre un feu à basse température, et donc de réduire la masse de l'extincteur.In addition to providing a solution to the problem of extinguishing a fire at low temperature, the inventors found that the extinguishing performance obtained at low temperature using the extinguisher according to the invention was particularly high, and in particular more higher even than those obtained at higher temperatures. This makes it possible in particular to use a lower concentration for the extinguishing agent in order to extinguish a fire at low temperature, and therefore to reduce the mass of the extinguisher.

En outre, concernant spécifiquement l'exemple de réalisation ne faisant pas partie de l'invention, l'emploi d'un agent d'extinction à faible pression de vapeur saturante est avantageux car il est peu volatil, et présente donc un faible impact sur l'environnement.Furthermore, specifically concerning the exemplary embodiment not forming part of the invention, the use of an extinguishing agent with low saturating vapor pressure is advantageous because it is not very volatile, and therefore has a low impact on the environment.

Dans un exemple de réalisation, le rapport, pris à la température de 20°C, [densité de l'agent d'extinction]/[tension de surface agent d'extinction - air] est supérieur ou égal à 120000 s2/m3.In an exemplary embodiment, the ratio, taken at a temperature of 20°C, [density of the extinguishing agent]/[surface tension of the extinguishing agent - air] is greater than or equal to 120,000 s 2 /m 3 .

Une telle caractéristique permet de réduire la taille des gouttelettes formées et d'augmenter davantage encore la quantité d'agent d'extinction transportée par l'écoulement vers l'incendie à basse température, améliorant ainsi l'efficacité d'extinction.Such a feature makes it possible to reduce the size of the droplets formed and to further increase the quantity of extinguishing agent transported by the flow towards the fire at low temperature, thus improving the extinguishing efficiency.

Dans un exemple de réalisation, l'agent d'extinction présente une viscosité à -10°C inférieure ou égale à 2 centistokes.In an exemplary embodiment, the extinguishing agent has a viscosity at -10°C less than or equal to 2 centistokes.

Une telle caractéristique est avantageuse afin de diminuer la pression nécessaire pour délivrer un débit d'agent liquide donné, facilitant ainsi davantage encore l'écoulement de l'agent d'extinction vers la zone de feu.Such a characteristic is advantageous in order to reduce the pressure necessary to deliver a given flow rate of liquid agent, thus further facilitating the flow of the extinguishing agent towards the fire zone.

Dans un exemple de réalisation, le générateur de gaz est configuré pour imposer une pression maximale supérieure ou égale à 3 bar, par exemple supérieure ou égale à 7 bar, à l'agent d'extinction.In an exemplary embodiment, the gas generator is configured to impose a maximum pressure greater than or equal to 3 bar, for example greater than or equal to 7 bar, to the extinguishing agent.

Une telle caractéristique permet de réduire la taille des gouttelettes formées et d'augmenter davantage encore la quantité d'agent d'extinction transportée par l'écoulement vers l'incendie à basse température, améliorant ainsi l'efficacité d'extinction.Such a feature makes it possible to reduce the size of the droplets formed and to further increase the quantity of extinguishing agent transported by the flow towards the fire at low temperature, thus improving the extinguishing efficiency.

Selon l'invention, la buse de brumisation est apte à générer des gouttelettes liquides d'agent d'extinction de taille inférieure ou égale à 50 µm à -10°C.According to the invention, the misting nozzle is capable of generating liquid droplets of extinguishing agent of size less than or equal to 50 µm at -10°C.

Une telle caractéristique permet avantageusement, en utilisant des gouttelettes particulièrement fines, d'améliorer davantage encore l'efficacité d'extinction à basse température et donc de limiter la concentration efficace pour éteindre l'incendie.Such a characteristic advantageously makes it possible, by using particularly fine droplets, to further improve the extinguishing efficiency at low temperatures and therefore to limit the effective concentration for extinguishing the fire.

Selon l'invention, la buse de brumisation est apte à générer des gouttelettes liquides d'agent d'extinction de taille inférieure ou égale à 10 µm à -10°C.According to the invention, the misting nozzle is capable of generating liquid droplets of extinguishing agent of size less than or equal to 10 µm at -10°C.

Dans un exemple de réalisation, le générateur de gaz comprend un générateur de gaz pyrotechnique.In an exemplary embodiment, the gas generator comprises a pyrotechnic gas generator.

L'emploi d'un générateur de gaz pyrotechnique est avantageux par rapport à l'emploi d'une bouteille de gaz sous pression afin, d'une part, de limiter la sensibilité à la température de la pression générée et, d'autre part, d'obtenir un profil de pression imposée à l'agent d'extinction quasi-constant en fonction du temps, améliorant ainsi davantage encore l'efficacité d'extinction à basse température.The use of a pyrotechnic gas generator is advantageous compared to the use of a pressurized gas cylinder in order, on the one hand, to limit the sensitivity to the temperature of the pressure generated and, on the other hand, , to obtain a pressure profile imposed on the extinguishing agent that is almost constant as a function of time, thus further improving the extinguishing efficiency at low temperatures.

Bien que l'emploi d'un générateur de gaz pyrotechnique soit préférentiel, on ne sort toutefois pas du cadre de l'invention lorsque le générateur de gaz comprend une bouteille de gaz sous pression.Although the use of a pyrotechnic gas generator is preferential, it does not depart from the scope of the invention when the gas generator comprises a pressurized gas cylinder.

Dans un exemple de réalisation, le générateur de gaz est présent dans une chambre de mise sous pression séparée de la chambre de stockage par une paroi mobile, le générateur de gaz étant configuré pour mettre en mouvement la paroi mobile afin de distribuer l'agent d'extinction à l'extérieur du corps.In an exemplary embodiment, the gas generator is present in a pressurization chamber separated from the storage chamber by a movable wall, the gas generator being configured to set the movable wall in motion in order to distribute the gas agent. extinction outside the body.

En variante, le générateur de gaz peut être présent dans la chambre de stockage.Alternatively, the gas generator may be present in the storage chamber.

La présente divulgation vise également un aéronef équipé d'un extincteur tel que décrit plus haut.The present disclosure also relates to an aircraft equipped with a fire extinguisher as described above.

Brève description des dessinsBrief description of the drawings

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention ressortiront de la description suivante, donnée à titre non limitatif, en référence aux dessins annexés, sur lesquels :

  • la figure 1 représente, de manière schématique, en coupe longitudinale un exemple d'extincteur selon l'invention,
  • la figure 2 est une vue en perspective d'une partie de l'extincteur de la figure 1, et
  • les figures 3A et 3B montrent le déplacement de la paroi mobile dans l'exemple de l'extincteur de la figure 1 lors de la distribution de l'agent d'extinction.
Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge from the following description, given without limitation, with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
  • there figure 1 represents, schematically, in longitudinal section an example of a fire extinguisher according to the invention,
  • there figure 2 is a perspective view of part of the fire extinguisher figure 1 , And
  • THE Figures 3A and 3B show the movement of the movable wall in the example of the fire extinguisher of the figure 1 when dispensing the extinguishing agent.

Description détaillée de modes de réalisationDetailed description of embodiments

On a représenté à la figure 1 un exemple d'extincteur d'incendie selon l'invention.We represented at the figure 1 an example of a fire extinguisher according to the invention.

Le dispositif 1 comporte un corps 2 s'étendant le long d'un axe longitudinal X et définissant une chambre de stockage 4 dans laquelle un agent d'extinction (non représenté) est présent. L'agent d'extinction peut être présent à l'état liquide. Dans le cas où l'extincteur est utilisé à haute température, l'agent d'extinction peut être à l'état gazeux. Avant le début de la distribution, la chambre de stockage 4 peut présenter un volume libre non nul (i.e. un volume non nul non occupé par le milieu liquide contenant l'agent d'extinction). En variante, l'intégralité du volume de la chambre de stockage est occupée par le milieu liquide contenant l'agent d'extinction avant le début de la distribution.The device 1 comprises a body 2 extending along a longitudinal axis X and defining a storage chamber 4 in which an extinguishing agent (not shown) is present. The extinguishing agent may be present in liquid state. In the case where the fire extinguisher is used at high temperature, the extinguishing agent may be in the gaseous state. Before the start of distribution, the storage chamber 4 may have a non-zero free volume (i.e. a non-zero volume not occupied by the liquid medium containing the extinguishing agent). Alternatively, the entire volume of the storage chamber is occupied by the liquid medium containing the extinguishing agent before distribution begins.

A titre d'exemple d'agent d'extinction utilisable, on peut par exemple citer le FK-5-1-12 ou Novec™ 1230 (perfluoro-4-(trifluorométhyl)-3-pentanone).As an example of a extinguishing agent that can be used, we can for example cite FK-5-1-12 or Novec ™ 1230 (perfluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pentanone).

Dans un exemple de réalisation, l'agent d'extinction peut présenter une pression de vapeur saturante inférieure ou égale à 70 mbar à -10°C. Le FK-5-1-12 vérifie en particulier cette condition.In an exemplary embodiment, the extinguishing agent may have a saturated vapor pressure less than or equal to 70 mbar at -10°C. The FK-5-1-12 checks this condition in particular.

L'agent d'extinction présente une température de solidification inférieure à -10°C. Il est ainsi à l'état liquide lorsqu'il est distribué à -10°C. La température de solidification de l'agent d'extinction peut en particulier être inférieure ou égale à -55°C dans certains cas extrêmes.The extinguishing agent has a solidification temperature below -10°C. It is thus in liquid state when distributed at -10°C. The solidification temperature of the extinguishing agent may in particular be less than or equal to -55°C in certain extreme cases.

L'agent d'extinction peut présenter une viscosité à -10°C inférieure ou égale à 2 centistokes.The extinguishing agent may have a viscosity at -10°C less than or equal to 2 centistokes.

Le corps 2 définit en outre, dans l'exemple illustré, une chambre de mise sous pression 5 comprenant un générateur de gaz 20. Dans l'exemple de la figure 1, le générateur de gaz 20 est un générateur de gaz pyrotechnique. Dans une variante non illustrée, le générateur de gaz peut être une cartouche de gaz sous pression. Le générateur de gaz comprend au moins un logement dans lequel un chargement pyrotechnique est présent. Plus précisément, dans l'exemple illustré à la figure 1, le générateur de gaz 20 comporte un initiateur 26 permettant d'initier la combustion de la charge relais 27 laquelle va enclencher la combustion du chargement pyrotechnique 23 afin de générer le gaz de mise sous pression. Le chargement pyrotechnique 23 peut être sous la forme d'un bloc monolithique ou d'un matériau granulaire. Le chargement pyrotechnique 23 peut avoir la même composition que les chargements pyrotechniques typiquement utilisés dans les générateurs de gaz pour airbags. Le chargement pyrotechnique 23 présente toutefois des dimensions adaptées à la durée de fonctionnement visée (i.e. plus importantes que celles des chargements pyrotechniques utilisés dans les générateurs de gaz pour airbags). Des compositions pyrotechniques susceptibles d'être utilisées dans le générateur de gaz 20, ont notamment été décrites dans les documents suivants : US 5 608 183 , US 6 143 102 , FR 2 975 097 , FR 2 964 656 , FR 2 950 624 , FR 2 915 746 , FR 2 902 783 , FR 2 899 227 , FR 2 892 117 , FR 2 891 822 , FR 2 866 022 , FR 2 772 370 et FR 2 714 374 . Le générateur de gaz peut comporter un ou plusieurs chargements pyrotechniques. Le générateur de gaz 20 peut être à déclenchement électrique par application d'un courant électrique aux bornes de l'initiateur ou mécanique (déclenchement par percussion). Dans le cas d'un déclenchement mécanique, un percuteur vient percuter le dispositif d'allumage. Dans tous les cas, l'initiation du dispositif d'allumage conduit à la combustion du chargement pyrotechnique 23 et à la libération des gaz issus de la combustion.The body 2 further defines, in the example illustrated, a pressurization chamber 5 comprising a gas generator 20. In the example of the figure 1 , the gas generator 20 is a pyrotechnic gas generator. In a variant not illustrated, the gas generator can be a pressurized gas cartridge. The gas generator includes at least one housing in which a pyrotechnic charge is present. More precisely, in the example illustrated in figure 1 , the gas generator 20 includes an initiator 26 making it possible to initiate the combustion of the relay charge 27 which will trigger the combustion of the pyrotechnic charge 23 in order to generate the pressurizing gas. The pyrotechnic charge 23 can be in the form of a monolithic block or a granular material. The pyrotechnic charge 23 may have the same composition as the pyrotechnic charges typically used in gas generators for airbags. The pyrotechnic charge 23, however, has dimensions adapted to the targeted operating time (ie larger than those of the pyrotechnic charges used in gas generators for airbags). Pyrotechnic compositions capable of being used in the gas generator 20 have been described in particular in the following documents: US 5,608,183 , US 6,143,102 , FR 2 975 097 , FR 2 964 656 , FR 2 950 624 , FR 2 915 746 , FR 2 902 783 , FR 2 899 227 , FR 2 892 117 , FR 2 891 822 , FR 2 866 022 , FR 2 772 370 And FR 2 714 374 . The gas generator may include one or more pyrotechnic charges. The gas generator 20 can be electrically triggered by applying an electric current to the terminals of the initiator or mechanical (percussive triggering). In the case of mechanical triggering, a striker strikes the ignition device. In all cases, the initiation of the ignition device leads to the combustion of the pyrotechnic charge 23 and the release of the gases resulting from the combustion.

Lors de son actionnement dans un milieu à une température inférieure ou égale à -10°C, le générateur de gaz peut être configuré pour imposer à l'agent d'extinction une pression maximale supérieure ou égale à 3 bar, par exemple à 7 bar. Cette pression maximale peut être comprise entre 3 bar et 30 bar, par exemple entre 7 bar et 30 bar. Il va des connaissances générales de l'homme du métier de concevoir un générateur de gaz afin de permettre l'application de la valeur de pression maximale souhaitée.When activated in an environment at a temperature less than or equal to -10°C, the gas generator can be configured to impose on the extinguishing agent a maximum pressure greater than or equal to 3 bar, for example 7 bar . This maximum pressure can be understood between 3 bar and 30 bar, for example between 7 bar and 30 bar. It is within the general knowledge of those skilled in the art to design a gas generator in order to enable the application of the desired maximum pressure value.

La chambre de mise sous pression 5 est séparée de la chambre de stockage 4 par une paroi mobile 7 dans l'exemple illustré. Le corps 2 présente, dans l'exemple illustré, une forme symétrique de révolution, ici cylindrique. Bien entendu, l'invention n'est pas limitée à de telles formes pour le corps 2. Le corps 2 comporte une paroi latérale 2a s'étendant le long de l'axe longitudinal X du corps 2 et entourant la chambre de stockage 4. La paroi latérale 2a du corps 2 entoure en outre la chambre de mise sous pression 5. Le corps 2 comporte en outre une première paroi de fond 2b ainsi qu'une deuxième paroi de fond 2c. Les première et deuxième parois de fond 2b et 2c délimitent longitudinalement le corps 2. La première paroi de fond 2b délimite la chambre de stockage 4. La première paroi de fond 2b présente au moins un orifice de sortie 10 configuré pour délivrer l'agent d'extinction à l'extérieur du corps 2 lors de l'actionnement du générateur de gaz 20. La deuxième paroi de fond 2c délimite la chambre de mise sous pression 5. La chambre de mise sous pression 5 est située entre la paroi mobile 7 et la deuxième paroi de fond 2c. La chambre de stockage 4 est quant à elle située entre la première paroi de fond 2b et la paroi mobile 7, cette dernière délimitant chambre de stockage 4.The pressurization chamber 5 is separated from the storage chamber 4 by a movable wall 7 in the example illustrated. Body 2 has, in the example illustrated, a symmetrical shape of revolution, here cylindrical. Of course, the invention is not limited to such shapes for the body 2. The body 2 comprises a side wall 2a extending along the longitudinal axis X of the body 2 and surrounding the storage chamber 4. The side wall 2a of the body 2 further surrounds the pressurization chamber 5. The body 2 further comprises a first bottom wall 2b as well as a second bottom wall 2c. The first and second bottom walls 2b and 2c longitudinally delimit the body 2. The first bottom wall 2b delimits the storage chamber 4. The first bottom wall 2b has at least one outlet 10 configured to deliver the agent d extinction outside the body 2 during actuation of the gas generator 20. The second bottom wall 2c delimits the pressurization chamber 5. The pressurization chamber 5 is located between the movable wall 7 and the second bottom wall 2c. The storage chamber 4 is located between the first bottom wall 2b and the movable wall 7, the latter delimiting storage chamber 4.

La paroi mobile 7 peut être formée d'un matériau métallique, par exemple d'aluminium. Avantageusement, la paroi mobile 7 est constituée d'un seul matériau et ce afin de simplifier davantage le procédé de fabrication du dispositif 1. La paroi mobile 7 est configurée pour séparer de manière étanche la chambre de stockage 4 de la chambre de mise sous pression 5. La paroi mobile 7 est configurée pour communiquer à l'agent d'extinction présent dans la chambre de stockage 4 la pression imposée par le gaz généré dans la chambre de mise sous pression 5. La direction d'application de la pression par la paroi mobile 7 sur l'agent d'extinction à distribuer est sensiblement parallèle à l'axe longitudinal X du corps 2. Comme illustré, la paroi mobile 7 s'étend transversalement, par exemple perpendiculairement, par rapport à l'axe longitudinal X du corps 2. La paroi mobile 7 s'étend sur l'intégralité du diamètre interne Ds de la chambre de stockage 4. La paroi mobile 7 est configurée pour ne pas être rompue sous l'effet de la pression imposée par le gaz généré dans la chambre de mise sous pression 5.The movable wall 7 can be formed of a metallic material, for example aluminum. Advantageously, the movable wall 7 is made of a single material in order to further simplify the manufacturing process of the device 1. The movable wall 7 is configured to sealtightly separate the storage chamber 4 from the pressurization chamber. 5. The movable wall 7 is configured to communicate to the extinguishing agent present in the storage chamber 4 the pressure imposed by the gas generated in the pressurization chamber 5. The direction of application of the pressure by the movable wall 7 on the extinguishing agent to be distributed is substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis body 2. The movable wall 7 extends over the entire internal diameter D s of the storage chamber 4. The movable wall 7 is configured so as not to be ruptured under the effect of the pressure imposed by the gas generated in the pressurizing chamber 5.

Le dispositif 1 peut en outre comprendre un obturateur 15 obturant de manière étanche l'orifice de sortie 10 et configuré pour permettre la sortie de l'agent d'extinction à l'extérieur du corps 2 lorsque la pression dans la chambre de stockage 4 dépasse une valeur prédéfinie. En d'autres termes, l'obturateur 15 est configuré pour empêcher, lorsqu'il est dans une première configuration, la sortie de l'agent d'extinction à l'extérieur du corps 2, l'obturateur 15 est en outre configuré pour passer dans une deuxième configuration lorsque la pression dans la chambre de stockage 4 dépasse une valeur prédéfinie, cette deuxième configuration de l'obturateur 15 autorisant la sortie de l'agent d'extinction à l'extérieur du corps 2. L'obturateur 15 peut, par exemple, être sous la forme d'une membrane configurée pour céder lorsque la pression dans la chambre de stockage 4 dépasse une valeur prédéfinie. Dans ce cas, l'obturateur 15 peut, par exemple, être une membrane en aluminium ou en alliage de type Inconel®.The device 1 may further comprise a shutter 15 sealing the outlet orifice 10 and configured to allow the exit of the extinguishing agent outside the body 2 when the pressure in the storage chamber 4 exceeds a predefined value. In other words, the shutter 15 is configured to prevent, when it is in a first configuration, the exit of the extinguishing agent outside the body 2, the shutter 15 is further configured to pass into a second configuration when the pressure in the storage chamber 4 exceeds a predefined value, this second configuration of the shutter 15 authorizing the exit of the extinguishing agent outside the body 2. The shutter 15 can , for example, be in the form of a membrane configured to give way when the pressure in the storage chamber 4 exceeds a predefined value. In this case, the shutter 15 can, for example, be a membrane made of aluminum or an Inconel ® type alloy.

Une buse de brumisation 18 est fixée au dispositif 1 au niveau de l'orifice de sortie 10 dudit dispositif.A misting nozzle 18 is attached to the device 1 at the outlet 10 of said device.

Les buses de brumisation constituent des buses connues en soi. Il s'agit de buses permettant de générer des gouttelettes fines, par exemple de taille inférieure ou égale à 50µm, voire à 10 µm.The misting nozzles constitute nozzles known per se. These are nozzles making it possible to generate fine droplets, for example of a size less than or equal to 50 µm, or even 10 µm.

La buse de brumisation 18 (en anglais « misting nozzle ») permet de générer un brouillard comprenant des gouttelettes liquides de l'agent d'extinction. Un exemple de buse de brumisation utilisable est la buse commercialisée sous la référence « DFN Misting Nozzle » par la société IC Spray. Cet exemple de buse permet de générer des gouttelettes liquides d'agent d'extinction de taille inférieure ou égale à 50 µm à -10°C.The misting nozzle 18 makes it possible to generate a mist comprising liquid droplets of the extinguishing agent. An example of a usable misting nozzle is the nozzle sold under the reference “DFN Misting Nozzle” by the company IC Spray. This example of nozzle makes it possible to generate liquid droplets of extinguishing agent of size less than or equal to 50 µm at -10°C.

Le procédé de distribution de l'agent d'extinction par l'exemple de dispositif illustré aux figures 1 et 2 va à présent être décrit en lien avec les figures 3A et 3B.The method of distributing the extinguishing agent by the example of a device illustrated in figures 1 and 2 will now be described in connection with the Figures 3A and 3B .

Le générateur de gaz 20 est tout d'abord actionné afin de mettre sous pression la chambre 5. Cette surpression créée dans la chambre 5 est transmise par la paroi mobile 7 à l'agent d'extinction présent dans la chambre de stockage 4. Une fois une valeur prédéfinie atteinte pour la pression dans la chambre de stockage 4, l'obturateur 15 passe dans une deuxième configuration permettant la sortie de l'agent d'extinction à l'extérieur du corps 2 au travers de l'orifice de sortie 10.The gas generator 20 is first activated in order to pressurize the chamber 5. This excess pressure created in the chamber 5 is transmitted by the movable wall 7 to the extinguishing agent. present in the storage chamber 4. Once a predefined value has been reached for the pressure in the storage chamber 4, the shutter 15 passes into a second configuration allowing the exit of the extinguishing agent outside the body 2 through the outlet 10.

Comme illustré à la figure 3B, la paroi mobile 7 est mise en mouvement vers la première paroi de fond 2b afin de provoquer la distribution de l'agent d'extinction. La paroi mobile 7 est mise en mouvement selon l'axe longitudinal X.As illustrated in Figure 3B , the movable wall 7 is moved towards the first bottom wall 2b in order to cause the distribution of the extinguishing agent. The movable wall 7 is set in motion along the longitudinal axis X.

L'agent d'extinction est distribué à l'extérieur de l'extincteur par la buse de brumisation 18 afin d'obtenir un brouillard 19 de fines gouttelettes liquides d'agent d'extinction.The extinguishing agent is distributed outside the extinguisher by the misting nozzle 18 to obtain a mist 19 of fine liquid droplets of extinguishing agent.

Le fait de traiter l'incendie par des gouttelettes à l'état liquide permet un meilleur refroidissement du feu par la vaporisation des gouttelettes de l'agent d'extinction (la phase liquide de l'agent d'extinction présente à basse température une énergie de vaporisation élevée). On obtient ainsi une meilleure efficacité d'extinction à basse température qu'à plus haute température. Des essais conduits sur le FK-5-1-12 ont permis de mettre en évidence une diminution significative de la concentration nécessaire à l'extinction à basse température dès lors qu'une partie du produit est transportée sous forme de liquide dans la zone de feu.The fact of treating the fire with droplets in the liquid state allows better cooling of the fire by the vaporization of the droplets of the extinguishing agent (the liquid phase of the extinguishing agent presents an energy at low temperature high vaporization). We thus obtain better extinguishing efficiency at low temperatures than at higher temperatures. Tests carried out on FK-5-1-12 have revealed a significant reduction in the concentration necessary for extinction at low temperature when part of the product is transported in the form of liquid in the zone of fire.

Comme il a été décrit plus haut, l'extincteur selon l'invention est spécialement adapté pour éteindre un feu à basse température. Toutefois, il fonctionne parfaitement lorsqu'il est utilisé à des températures plus élevées. Dans ces conditions, l'agent peut être classiquement transporté sous forme gazeuse et il éteint le feu également sous sa forme gazeuse.As described above, the fire extinguisher according to the invention is specially adapted to extinguish a fire at low temperature. However, it works perfectly when used at higher temperatures. Under these conditions, the agent can be conventionally transported in gaseous form and it also extinguishes the fire in its gaseous form.

Par ailleurs, on peut utiliser l'extincteur dans un environnement à une pression égale à 1 bar, ou inférieure à 1 bar.Furthermore, the fire extinguisher can be used in an environment at a pressure equal to 1 bar, or less than 1 bar.

Durant la distribution de l'agent d'extinction, le volume de la chambre de mise sous pression 5 augmente et le volume de la chambre de stockage 4 diminue dans l'exemple illustré. La somme du volume de la chambre de mise sous pression 5 et du volume de la chambre de stockage 4 est constante durant la distribution de l'agent d'extinction. La paroi mobile 7 est configurée pour se déplacer sans se déformer lors de la distribution de l'agent d'extinction. La paroi mobile 7 a un effet de piston. La face de la paroi mobile 7 située du côté de la chambre de mise sous pression 5 subit la pression du gaz généré, cette pression est communiquée à la face de la paroi mobile 7 située du côté de la chambre de stockage 4 afin de permettre la distribution de l'agent d'extinction l'extérieur du corps 2. La paroi mobile 7 provoque, lors de son déplacement, la distribution de l'agent d'extinction à l'extérieur du corps 2 à la manière d'une seringue dans l'exemple illustré.During the distribution of the extinguishing agent, the volume of the pressurization chamber 5 increases and the volume of the storage chamber 4 decreases in the example illustrated. The sum of the volume of the pressurization chamber 5 and the volume of the storage chamber 4 is constant during the distribution of the extinguishing agent. The movable wall 7 is configured to move without deforming during the distribution of the extinguishing agent. The movable wall 7 has a piston effect. The face of the movable wall 7 located on the side of the pressurizing chamber 5 is subjected to the pressure of the gas generated, this pressure is communicated to the face of the movable wall 7 located on the side of the storage chamber 4 in order to allow the distribution of the extinguishing agent outside the body 2. The movable wall 7 causes, during its movement, the distribution of the extinguishing agent outside the body 2 in the manner of a syringe in the example illustrated.

On vient de décrire un exemple où l'on utilise un extincteur avec un piston permettant de distribuer l'agent d'extinction, on ne sort toutefois pas du cadre de l'invention lorsqu'un autre système d'extinction sans piston est utilisé, utilisant par exemple un tube plongeur reliant la sortie du générateur de gaz à l'agent d'extinction.We have just described an example where a fire extinguisher with a piston is used to distribute the extinguishing agent, however we do not depart from the scope of the invention when another extinguishing system without a piston is used, using for example a dip tube connecting the outlet of the gas generator to the extinguishing agent.

En outre, comme indiqué plus haut, l'invention peut aussi être mise en oeuvre avec une bouteille de gaz sous pression, bien que l'emploi d'un générateur pyrotechnique soit préférentiel.Furthermore, as indicated above, the invention can also be implemented with a pressurized gas cylinder, although the use of a pyrotechnic generator is preferential.

L'expression « compris(e) entre ... et ... » doit se comprendre comme incluant les bornes.The expression “between ... and ...” must be understood as including the limits.

Claims (5)

  1. A method for extinguishing a fire in an environment with a temperature less than or equal to -10°C, comprising at least one step of dispensing an extinguishing agent by means of a fire extinguisher (1) comprising at least:
    - one body (2) defining a storage chamber (4) containing the extinguishing agent,
    - one gas generator (20) configured to pressurize the extinguishing agent in order to dispense it outside the body through an exit opening (10),
    the exit opening being equipped with a misting nozzle (18), and the extinguishing agent having a solidification temperature less than -10°C, the saturating vapor concentration of the extinguishing agent taken at - 10°C and 1 bar being less than the extinguishing concentration of the extinguishing agent determined according to the ISO 14520 standard, 3rd edition published in december 2015, for a heptane fire at 1 bar,
    and wherein the misting nozzle generates liquid droplets of extinguishing agent with a size less than or equal to 50 µm at -10°C.
  2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the gas generator (20) is configured to impose a maximum pressure on the extinguishing agent greater than or equal to 3 bar.
  3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the gas generator (20) is configured to impose a maximum pressure on the extinguishing agent greater than or equal to 7 bar.
  4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the extinguishing agent is FK-5-1-12.
  5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the gas generator (20) comprises a pyrotechnic gas generator.
EP19710061.3A 2018-02-20 2019-02-18 Fire extinguisher Active EP3755437B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR1851428A FR3077989B1 (en) 2018-02-20 2018-02-20 FIRE EXTINGUISHER
PCT/FR2019/050363 WO2019162603A1 (en) 2018-02-20 2019-02-18 Fire extinguisher

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EP3755437A1 EP3755437A1 (en) 2020-12-30
EP3755437B1 true EP3755437B1 (en) 2024-04-03
EP3755437C0 EP3755437C0 (en) 2024-04-03

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JP (1) JP7308230B2 (en)
CN (1) CN112004580A (en)
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WO (1) WO2019162603A1 (en)

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US20210101036A1 (en) 2021-04-08
WO2019162603A1 (en) 2019-08-29
FR3077989B1 (en) 2021-11-19
US11383112B2 (en) 2022-07-12
CN112004580A (en) 2020-11-27
JP7308230B2 (en) 2023-07-13
FR3077989A1 (en) 2019-08-23
EP3755437A1 (en) 2020-12-30
JP2021514282A (en) 2021-06-10
EP3755437C0 (en) 2024-04-03

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