EP3754172B1 - Method for controlling a combustion engine - Google Patents
Method for controlling a combustion engine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3754172B1 EP3754172B1 EP20155837.6A EP20155837A EP3754172B1 EP 3754172 B1 EP3754172 B1 EP 3754172B1 EP 20155837 A EP20155837 A EP 20155837A EP 3754172 B1 EP3754172 B1 EP 3754172B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- combustion engine
- operating characteristic
- speed
- internal combustion
- power output
- Prior art date
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 82
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims 5
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001124569 Lycaenidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004459 forage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1497—With detection of the mechanical response of the engine
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
- F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
- F02D2200/10—Parameters related to the engine output, e.g. engine torque or engine speed
- F02D2200/1002—Output torque
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
- F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
- F02D2200/10—Parameters related to the engine output, e.g. engine torque or engine speed
- F02D2200/101—Engine speed
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
- F02D2200/60—Input parameters for engine control said parameters being related to the driver demands or status
- F02D2200/604—Engine control mode selected by driver, e.g. to manually start particle filter regeneration or to select driving style
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D2250/00—Engine control related to specific problems or objectives
- F02D2250/18—Control of the engine output torque
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D2250/00—Engine control related to specific problems or objectives
- F02D2250/18—Control of the engine output torque
- F02D2250/21—Control of the engine output torque during a transition between engine operation modes or states
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D31/00—Use of speed-sensing governors to control combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
- F02D31/001—Electric control of rotation speed
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/24—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means
- F02D41/2406—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means using essentially read only memories
- F02D41/2409—Addressing techniques specially adapted therefor
- F02D41/2422—Selective use of one or more tables
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for controlling an internal combustion engine, wherein the internal combustion engine is operated along a predetermined operating characteristic curve,
- a control of an internal combustion engine is from the DE102008020497A1 known.
- the internal combustion engine is operated along the full-load characteristic curve and load fluctuations are compensated for with an auxiliary unit in order to keep the internal combustion engine at a selected operating point.
- Further examples of such control of an internal combustion engine can be found in WO 2011/026807 A1 , the EP 3 257 353 A1 , the EP 2 223 588 A2 and the US 2004/088103 A1 .
- the problem with the control is that the combustion engine is constantly operated at the full load characteristic.
- the object of the invention is to provide an improved control method for an internal combustion engine, in particular for an internal combustion engine in a self-propelled harvester.
- the problem is solved by a method for controlling an internal combustion engine, wherein the internal combustion engine is operated along a predetermined operating characteristic curve, the power output of the internal combustion engine increasing monotonically with the speed along the operating characteristic curve, the operating characteristic curve being below the full-load characteristic curve, with the exception of the operating point with maximum power output .
- the power output of the internal combustion engine increases monotonically with the speed along the operating characteristic curve, the power output at a first speed is at least as high as at a second speed if the first speed is higher than the second speed. As the speed increases, the power output never drops. At the lowest possible power output, the speed is no greater than at the highest possible power output. Preferably, at the lowest possible power output, the speed is lower than at the highest possible power output.
- the Power output can increase or decrease even at constant speed, which corresponds to an infinite slope of the operating characteristic.
- Operating along a predetermined operating characteristic curve does not mean that the internal combustion engine never reaches operating points outside the predetermined operating characteristic curve. Due to external influences, the operating point of the internal combustion engine can move away from the predetermined operating characteristic curve, but the internal combustion engine is always regulated back to the predetermined operating characteristic curve. For example, a sudden increase in load can slow down the internal combustion engine, then the power output of the engine is increased and the internal combustion engine is thereby accelerated until the operating point is again on the predetermined operating characteristic curve. As the load decreases, the speed of the internal combustion engine will increase, then the power output of the engine is throttled so that the speed of the internal combustion engine drops again until the operating point is again on the predetermined operating characteristic curve.
- a monotonically increasing operating characteristic curve enables comfortable operation.
- An operating characteristic curve that is largely below the full-load characteristic curve enables efficient operation of the internal combustion engine.
- the predetermined operating characteristic curve preferably runs linearly, at least in sections.
- a linear operating characteristic curve enables particularly simple control.
- the predetermined operating characteristic curve preferably runs vertically at least in sections.
- a vertical operating characteristic curve means a constant speed with fluctuating power output. This enables particularly comfortable operation, especially for self-propelled harvesters.
- the operating characteristic curve has a vertical section at the highest speed of the operating characteristic curve. In the area of the highest power output and thus the highest speed, since the operating characteristic increases monotonically, comfortable operation and thus a constant speed with fluctuating power output is particularly desirable.
- the predetermined operating characteristic curve increases strictly monotonically below the highest speed.
- a strictly monotonically increasing operating characteristic means that the power output at a first speed is higher than at a second speed if the first speed is higher than the second speed.
- a strictly monotonically increasing operating characteristic curve enables simple and efficient control, especially with strongly fluctuating performance requirements.
- the predetermined operating characteristic curve is preferably selected from a large number of operating characteristic curves.
- the operating characteristics can meet different requirements. Depending on the operating situation, the most suitable one can be selected from the large number of operating characteristics.
- the selection is preferably made depending on an input from the operator.
- the operator directly selects the desired operating characteristic.
- the operator selects the desired requirements and a control device then selects the appropriate operating characteristic.
- the selection is particularly preferably carried out automatically depending on an operating situation.
- the operating situation can be determined from various sensor values. For example, the amount of crop to be processed can be detected using a layer height sensor. If there is a large amount of crop, it is preferred to choose an operating characteristic that ensures consistent work quality. For a small amount of crop, an operating characteristic curve is selected that ensures particularly efficient operation.
- the invention further relates to a self-propelled harvester with an internal combustion engine and a control device, the control device being intended and set up to operate the internal combustion engine according to one of the methods described above.
- a self-propelled harvester is operated particularly comfortably and efficiently thanks to the method for controlling the combustion engine.
- the self-propelled harvester preferably includes at least one working element and a travel drive and the internal combustion engine is intended and set up for this purpose to supply both the drive and the working organ with energy.
- the combustion engine is connected to both the traction drive and the working element and is able to supply both the traction drive and the working element with energy. This means that only the combustion engine is required as an energy source for both consumers.
- the self-propelled harvester comprises an electric motor, the electric motor being intended and set up to support or load the internal combustion engine depending on the control of the electric motor.
- the electric motor is advantageously connected to an energy storage device.
- the electric motor can take energy from the energy storage and deliver energy to the energy storage. If the power requirement increases, the electric motor is able to generate the additional power until the internal combustion engine is set to an operating point at which it can cover the power requirement.
- the electric motor can also advantageously introduce energy into the energy storage. If the power requirement drops, the electric motor is able to convert energy emitted by the combustion engine but not required by the drive and working element and store it in the energy storage device.
- the energy storage can be designed, for example, as a capacitor, accumulator or kinetic energy storage. The electric motor is therefore able to improve the control of the internal combustion engine.
- the working speed of the at least one working element is coupled to the speed of the internal combustion engine.
- a coupling of the working speed of the at least one working element to the speed of the internal combustion engine can be achieved, for example, via a mechanical connection between the internal combustion engine and the working element. Such a connection is often very efficient in energy transfer. However, a fluctuating working speed of the work organ is often bad for the work result.
- a constant speed causes a constant working speed of the working element and thus a consistently good work result.
- a constant speed is achieved in particular by a high slope of the operating characteristic curve or a vertical operating characteristic curve.
- a constant working speed and therefore a constant speed of the internal combustion engine particularly advantageous when there is a high power requirement and thus a high power output from the internal combustion engine.
- the driving speed of the self-propelled harvester is preferably independent of the speed of the internal combustion engine.
- Independence of the driving speed from the speed of the combustion engine can be achieved, for example, using an adjustable hydraulic clutch.
- the power transmitted from the combustion engine to the traction drive can be adjusted independently of the speed and power output of the combustion engine.
- the driving speed generally determines how much crop is picked up by the harvester and has to be processed by the work organs and thus the power requirements of the work organs.
- the required power output of the internal combustion engine can be influenced by the driving speed, which can be set independently of the speed of the internal combustion engine.
- FIG. 1 a simplified consumption diagram of an exemplary internal combustion engine is shown.
- the speed 4 of the internal combustion engine is plotted on the horizontal axis.
- the speed 4 increases from left to right.
- the power output 3 of the internal combustion engine is plotted on the vertical axis.
- the power output 3 increases from bottom to top.
- the possible ones Operating points of the internal combustion engine are limited by the full load characteristic curve 6.
- the full-load characteristic curve 6 indicates the maximum power output 3 of the internal combustion engine can be at a certain speed 4.
- the consumption characteristics 12, 13, 14 connect operating points with the same specific fuel consumption.
- the specific fuel consumption is generally greater near the full-load characteristic curve 3 than in the inner area of the consumption diagram.
- the internal combustion engine works most efficiently in the inner area of the innermost consumption characteristic curve 12, since the specific fuel consumption of the internal combustion engine is lowest there.
- FIG 2 a monotonically increasing operating characteristic curve 2 is shown in a consumption diagram.
- the operating characteristic curve 2 along which the internal combustion engine is operated extends from the first operating point 5 at a first speed with maximum power output 3 to a second operating point 15 at a second speed with minimum power output 3.
- the operating characteristic curve is continuously linear and strictly monotonically increasing .
- the first speed is smaller than the second speed and the power output 3 increases linearly with the speed 4.
- the operating characteristic curve 2 goes through the area of the innermost consumption characteristic curve 12 in which the specific fuel consumption is particularly low. This operating characteristic curve 2 enables particularly efficient operation of the internal combustion engine.
- FIG 3 is a vertical operating characteristic curve 2 shown in a consumption diagram. Below are just the differences Figure 1 explained.
- the operating characteristic curve 2 along which the internal combustion engine is operated extends from a third operating point 16 at the first speed with minimum power output to the first operating point 5 at the first speed with maximum power output.
- the operating characteristic curve 2 is vertical in this example.
- Speed 4 is identical at all points on operating characteristic curve 2. This operating characteristic curve 2 enables particularly comfortable operation of the internal combustion engine and ensures consistent work quality thanks to the constant speed.
- FIG 4 a monotonically increasing operating characteristic curve 2 with a vertical section is shown in a consumption diagram.
- the operating characteristic curve 2 combines a vertical section in the area of high power output with a linearly increasing section in the area of low power output.
- the operating characteristic curve 2 extends from the first operating point 5 at the first speed with maximum power output via a fourth operating point 17 at the first speed with average power output to the second operating point 15 at the second speed with minimum power output.
- FIG. 5 a monotonically increasing operating characteristic curve 2 with several vertical sections is shown in a consumption diagram.
- the operating characteristic curve 2 extends from the first operating point 5 at the first speed with maximum power output over the fourth operating point 17 at the first speed and the average power output, a fifth operating point 18 at a third speed and the same power output as at the fourth operating point 17, one sixth operating point 19 at the third speed with low power output, a seventh operating point 20 at the second speed and the same power output as at the sixth operating point 19 to the second operating point 15 at the second speed with minimal power output.
- the third speed is lower than the first speed and higher than the second speed.
- This operating characteristic curve 2 combines comfort on the vertical sections with an efficient progression through the area of lowest specific consumption.
- FIG 6 a monotonically increasing operating characteristic curve 2 with several vertical sections and an obliquely increasing section is shown in a consumption diagram.
- the operating characteristic curve extends from the first operating point 5 at the first speed with maximum power output to the fourth operating point 17 at the first speed and the average power output, the fifth operating point 18 at the third speed and the same power output as at the fourth operating point 17, the sixth Operating point 19 at the third speed with low power output to the second operating point 15 at the second speed with minimal power output.
- This operating characteristic combines comfort on the vertical Sections with an efficient progression through the area of lowest specific consumption.
- a self-propelled harvester 7 is shown in the form of a forage harvester.
- the self-propelled harvester 7 is driven through a field 21, for example a corn field.
- a crop flow 22 made of plant parts is drawn in during operation through a feed channel 23 and fed to a working element 9, here a chopper drum, for the purpose of further shredding.
- the self-propelled harvester 7 includes a travel drive 10 with a drive axle for drive wheels (not shown).
- the self-propelled harvester 7 has an internal combustion engine 1.
- the internal combustion engine 1 serves both to drive the traction drive 10 and, at the same time, to drive various working elements 9.
- a drive train 24 is provided, which is divided into at least two partial drive trains 25, 26 divides.
- the first partial drive train 25 is intended for transmitting drive power from the internal combustion engine 1 to the working element 9.
- the second partial drive train 26 is intended for transmitting drive power to the traction drive 10.
- FIG 7 A control device 8 is also shown. At least one operating characteristic curve 2 is stored in the control unit 8.
- the stored operating characteristic curve 2 can, for example, be one of the ones in the Figures 2 to 6 operating characteristics shown can be 2.
- the control unit 8 controls the internal combustion engine 1 along the stored operating characteristic curve 2.
- a speed and/or torque sensor is provided on the drive train 24.
- the operator can select one of the operating characteristics via an input device 28.
- the self-propelled harvester includes an electric motor 11 in addition to the internal combustion engine 1.
- the electric motor 11 is connected to the drive train 12 via a third partial drive train 27 and can support or load the internal combustion engine 1.
- the electric motor 11 is connected to an energy storage device 29.
- the electric motor 11 can take energy from the energy storage 29 to support the internal combustion engine 1 and under load of the internal combustion engine 1 store energy in the energy storage 29.
- the control unit 8 is connected to the electric motor 11 and regulates whether and to what extent the electric motor 11 supports or loads the internal combustion engine 1.
- the electric motor 11 delivers torque to the drive train 12 and thus supports the internal combustion engine 1 until the internal combustion engine 1 has reached an operating point in which the power output of the internal combustion engine 1 corresponds to the power requirement. If the power requirement drops and the speed 4 on the drive train 12 increases as a result, since the power output of the internal combustion engine 1 is greater, i.e. the power requirement, the electric motor 11 loads the drive train 12 until the internal combustion engine 1 has reached an operating point in which the power output of the internal combustion engine 1 corresponds to the power requirement.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)
- Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Ansteuerung eines Verbrennungsmotors, wobei der Verbrennungsmotor entlang einer vorbestimmten Betriebskennlinie betrieben wird,The invention relates to a method for controlling an internal combustion engine, wherein the internal combustion engine is operated along a predetermined operating characteristic curve,
Eine Ansteuerung eines Verbrennungsmotors ist aus der
Problematisch an der Ansteuerung ist, dass der Verbrennungsmotor dauerhaft auf der Volllastkennlinie betrieben wird.The problem with the control is that the combustion engine is constantly operated at the full load characteristic.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es ein verbessertes Ansteuerungsverfahren für einen Verbrennungsmotor, insbesondere für einen Verbrennungsmotor in einer Selbstfahrenden Erntemaschine, anzugeben.The object of the invention is to provide an improved control method for an internal combustion engine, in particular for an internal combustion engine in a self-propelled harvester.
Gelöst wird die Aufgabe durch ein Verfahren zur Ansteuerung eines Verbrennungsmotors, wobei der Verbrennungsmotor entlang einer vorbestimmten Betriebskennlinie betrieben wird, wobei die Leistungsabgabe des Verbrennungsmotors entlang der Betriebskennlinie monoton mit der Drehzahl ansteigt, wobei die Betriebskennlinie mit Ausnahme des Betriebspunktes mit maximaler Leistungsabgabe unterhalb der Vollastkennlinie liegt.The problem is solved by a method for controlling an internal combustion engine, wherein the internal combustion engine is operated along a predetermined operating characteristic curve, the power output of the internal combustion engine increasing monotonically with the speed along the operating characteristic curve, the operating characteristic curve being below the full-load characteristic curve, with the exception of the operating point with maximum power output .
Da die Leistungsabgabe des Verbrennungsmotors entlang der Betriebskennlinie monoton mit der Drehzahl ansteigt, ist die Leistungsabgabe bei einer ersten Drehzahl mindestens so hoch wie bei einer zweiten Drehzahl, wenn die erste Drehzahl höher ist als die zweite Drehzahl. Bei steigender Drehzahl fällt die Leistungsabgabe also niemals ab. Bei der kleinstmöglichen Leistungsabgabe ist die Drehzahl damit nicht größer als bei der größtmöglichen Leistungsabgabe. Bevorzugt ist bei der kleinstmöglichen Leistungsabgabe die Drehzahl kleiner als bei der größtmöglichen Leistungsabgabe. Die Leistungsabgabe kann auch bei gleichbleibender Drehzahl steigen oder fallen, dies entspricht einer unendlichen Steigung der Betriebskennlinie.Since the power output of the internal combustion engine increases monotonically with the speed along the operating characteristic curve, the power output at a first speed is at least as high as at a second speed if the first speed is higher than the second speed. As the speed increases, the power output never drops. At the lowest possible power output, the speed is no greater than at the highest possible power output. Preferably, at the lowest possible power output, the speed is lower than at the highest possible power output. The Power output can increase or decrease even at constant speed, which corresponds to an infinite slope of the operating characteristic.
Der Betrieb entlang einer vorbestimmten Betriebskennlinie bedeutet nicht, dass der Verbrennungsmotor niemals Betriebspunkte außerhalb der vorbestimmten Betriebskennlinie erreicht. Durch äußere Einflüsse kann sich der Betriebspunkt des Verbrennungsmotors von der vorbestimmten Betriebskennlinie lösen, der Verbrennungsmotor wird jedoch immer wieder auf die vorbestimmte Betriebskennlinie zurück geregelt. Bspw. kann ein plötzlicher Lastanstieg den Verbrennungsmotor abbremsen, dann wird die Leistungsabgabe des Motors gesteigert und dadurch der Verbrennungsmotor beschleunigt bis der Betriebspunkt wieder auf der vorbestimmten Betriebskennlinie liegt. Bei sinkender Last wird die Drehzahl des Verbrennungsmotors steigen, dann wird die Leistungsabgabe des Motors gedrosselt, sodass die Drehzahl des Verbrennungsmotors wieder sinkt, bis der Betriebspunkt wieder auf der vorbestimmten Betriebskennlinie liegt.Operating along a predetermined operating characteristic curve does not mean that the internal combustion engine never reaches operating points outside the predetermined operating characteristic curve. Due to external influences, the operating point of the internal combustion engine can move away from the predetermined operating characteristic curve, but the internal combustion engine is always regulated back to the predetermined operating characteristic curve. For example, a sudden increase in load can slow down the internal combustion engine, then the power output of the engine is increased and the internal combustion engine is thereby accelerated until the operating point is again on the predetermined operating characteristic curve. As the load decreases, the speed of the internal combustion engine will increase, then the power output of the engine is throttled so that the speed of the internal combustion engine drops again until the operating point is again on the predetermined operating characteristic curve.
Eine monoton steigende Betriebskennlinie ermöglicht einen komfortablen Betrieb. Eine Betriebskennlinie, die zum größten Teil unterhalb der Volllastkennlinie liegt ermöglicht einen effizienten Betrieb des Verbrennungsmotors.A monotonically increasing operating characteristic curve enables comfortable operation. An operating characteristic curve that is largely below the full-load characteristic curve enables efficient operation of the internal combustion engine.
Bevorzugt verläuft die vorbestimmte Betriebskennlinie zumindest abschnittsweise linear. Eine lineare Betriebskennlinie ermöglicht eine besonders einfache Regelung. Bevorzugt verläuft die vorbestimmte Betriebskennlinie zumindest abschnittsweise senkrecht. Eine senkrechte Betriebskennlinie bedeutet eine gleichbleibende Drehzahl bei schwankender Leistungsabgabe. Dies ermöglicht einen besonders komfortablen Betrieb, insbesondere für selbstfahrende Erntemaschinen.The predetermined operating characteristic curve preferably runs linearly, at least in sections. A linear operating characteristic curve enables particularly simple control. The predetermined operating characteristic curve preferably runs vertically at least in sections. A vertical operating characteristic curve means a constant speed with fluctuating power output. This enables particularly comfortable operation, especially for self-propelled harvesters.
Erfindungsgemäß weist die Betriebskennlinie bei der höchsten Drehzahl der Betriebskennlinie einen senkrechten Abschnitt auf. Im Bereich der höchsten Leistungsabgabe und damit der höchsten Drehzahl, da die Betriebskennlinie monoton ansteigt, ist ein komfortabler Betrieb und damit eine gleichbleibende Drehzahl bei schwankender Leistungsabgabe besonders wünschenswert.According to the invention, the operating characteristic curve has a vertical section at the highest speed of the operating characteristic curve. In the area of the highest power output and thus the highest speed, since the operating characteristic increases monotonically, comfortable operation and thus a constant speed with fluctuating power output is particularly desirable.
Bevorzugt steigt die vorbestimmte Betriebskennlinie unterhalb der höchsten Drehzahl streng monoton an. Eine streng monoton ansteigende Betriebskennlinie bedeutet, dass die Leistungsabgabe bei einer ersten Drehzahl höher ist als bei einer zweiten Drehzahl, wenn die erste Drehzahl höher ist als die zweite Drehzahl. Eine streng monoton steigende Betriebskennlinie ermöglicht insbesondere bei stark schwankenden Leistungsanforderungen eine einfache und effiziente Regelung.Preferably, the predetermined operating characteristic curve increases strictly monotonically below the highest speed. A strictly monotonically increasing operating characteristic means that the power output at a first speed is higher than at a second speed if the first speed is higher than the second speed. A strictly monotonically increasing operating characteristic curve enables simple and efficient control, especially with strongly fluctuating performance requirements.
Bevorzugt wird die vorbestimmte Betriebskennlinie aus einer Vielzahl an Betriebskennlinien ausgewählt. Die Betriebskennlinien können unterschiedliche Anforderungen erfüllen. Je nach Betriebssituation kann aus der Vielzahl an Betriebskennlinien die passende ausgewählt werden.The predetermined operating characteristic curve is preferably selected from a large number of operating characteristic curves. The operating characteristics can meet different requirements. Depending on the operating situation, the most suitable one can be selected from the large number of operating characteristics.
Bevorzugt erfolgt die Auswahl in Abhängigkeit einer Eingabe vom Bediener. In einer Ausgestaltung wählt der Bediener direkt die gewünschte Betriebskennlinie aus. In einer alternativen Ausgestaltung wählt der Bediener gewünschte Anforderungen ein Steuergerät wählt daraufhin die passende Betriebskennlinie aus.The selection is preferably made depending on an input from the operator. In one embodiment, the operator directly selects the desired operating characteristic. In an alternative embodiment, the operator selects the desired requirements and a control device then selects the appropriate operating characteristic.
Besonders bevorzugt erfolgt die Auswahl automatisch in Abhängigkeit einer Betriebssituation. Bei der Auswahl kann die Betriebssituation aus verschiedenen Sensorwerten bestimmt werden. Bspw. kann über einen Schichthöhensensor die Menge des zu verarbeitenden Ernteguts erkannt werden. Bei einer großen Menge Erntegut wird bevorzugt eine Betriebskennlinie gewählt, die für eine gleichbleibende Arbeitsqualität sorgt. Bei einer kleinen Menge Erntegut wird eine Betriebskennlinie gewählt, die für einen besonders effizienten Betrieb sorgt.The selection is particularly preferably carried out automatically depending on an operating situation. When making the selection, the operating situation can be determined from various sensor values. For example, the amount of crop to be processed can be detected using a layer height sensor. If there is a large amount of crop, it is preferred to choose an operating characteristic that ensures consistent work quality. For a small amount of crop, an operating characteristic curve is selected that ensures particularly efficient operation.
Die Erfindung betrifft ferner eine selbstfahrende Erntemaschine mit einem Verbrennungsmotor und einem Steuergerät, wobei das Steuergerät dazu vorgesehen und eingerichtet ist den Verbrennungsmotor gemäß einem der vorstehend beschriebenen Verfahren zu betreiben. Eine selbstfahrende Erntemaschine wird durch das Verfahren zur Ansteuerung des Verbrennungsmotors besonders komfortabel und effizient betrieben.The invention further relates to a self-propelled harvester with an internal combustion engine and a control device, the control device being intended and set up to operate the internal combustion engine according to one of the methods described above. A self-propelled harvester is operated particularly comfortably and efficiently thanks to the method for controlling the combustion engine.
Bevorzugt umfasst die selbstfahrende Erntemaschine zumindest ein Arbeitsorgan und einen Fahrantrieb und der Verbrennungsmotor ist dazu vorgesehen und eingerichtet sowohl den Fahrantrieb als auch das Arbeitsorgan mit Energie zu versorgen. Der Verbrennungsmotor ist sowohl mit dem Fahrantrieb als auch mit dem Arbeitsorgan verbunden und in der Lage sowohl den Fahrantrieb als auch das Arbeitsorgan mit Energie zu versorgen. Dadurch wird nur der Verbrennungsmotor als Energiequelle für beide Verbraucher benötigt.The self-propelled harvester preferably includes at least one working element and a travel drive and the internal combustion engine is intended and set up for this purpose to supply both the drive and the working organ with energy. The combustion engine is connected to both the traction drive and the working element and is able to supply both the traction drive and the working element with energy. This means that only the combustion engine is required as an energy source for both consumers.
Erfindungsgemäß umfasst die selbstfahrende Erntemaschine einen Elektromotor, wobei der Elektromotor dazu vorgesehen und eingerichtet ist den Verbrennungsmotor je nach Ansteuerung des Elektromotors zu unterstützen oder zu belasten. Vorteilhaft ist der Elektromotor mit einem Energiespeicher verbunden. Der Elektromotor kann Energie aus dem Energiespeicher entnehmen und Energie an den Energiespeicher abgeben. Steigt der Leistungsbedarf, so ist der Elektromotor in der Lage die zusätzliche Leistung aufzubringen bis der Verbrennungsmotor auf einen Betriebspunkt eingestellt ist, in dem er den Leistungsbedarf decken kann. Vorteilhaft kann der Elektromotor auch Energie in den Energiespeicher einbringen. Sinkt der Leistungsbedarf, so ist der Elektromotor in der Lage vom Verbrennungsmotor abgegebene aber von Fahrantrieb und Arbeitsorgan nicht benötigte Energie umzuwandeln und in dem Energiespeicher zu lagern. Der Energiespeicher kann bspw. als Kondensator, Akkumulator oder kinetischer Energiespeicher ausgestaltet sein. Der Elektromotor ist dadurch in der Lage die Ansteuerung des Verbrennungsmotors zu verbessern.According to the invention, the self-propelled harvester comprises an electric motor, the electric motor being intended and set up to support or load the internal combustion engine depending on the control of the electric motor. The electric motor is advantageously connected to an energy storage device. The electric motor can take energy from the energy storage and deliver energy to the energy storage. If the power requirement increases, the electric motor is able to generate the additional power until the internal combustion engine is set to an operating point at which it can cover the power requirement. The electric motor can also advantageously introduce energy into the energy storage. If the power requirement drops, the electric motor is able to convert energy emitted by the combustion engine but not required by the drive and working element and store it in the energy storage device. The energy storage can be designed, for example, as a capacitor, accumulator or kinetic energy storage. The electric motor is therefore able to improve the control of the internal combustion engine.
In einer Ausgestaltung ist die Arbeitsgeschwindigkeit des zumindest einen Arbeitsorgans an die Drehzahl des Verbrennungsmotors gekoppelt. Eine Kopplung der Arbeitsgeschwindigkeit des zumindest einen Arbeitsorgans an die Drehzahl des Verbrennungsmotors kann bspw. über eine mechanische Verbindung zwischen Verbrennungsmotor und Arbeitsorgan gegeben sein. Eine solche Verbindung ist häufig sehr effizient in der Energieübertragung. Eine schwankende Arbeitsgeschwindigkeit des Arbeitsorgans ist allerdings häufig schlecht für das Arbeitsergebnis. Eine gleichbleibende Drehzahl bewirkt in dieser Ausgestaltung eine gleichbleibende Arbeitsgeschwindigkeit des Arbeitsorgans und damit ein gleichbleibend gutes Arbeitsergebnis. Eine gleichbleibende Drehzahl wird insbesondere durch eine hohe Steigung der Betriebskennlinie oder eine senkrechte Betriebskennlinie erreicht. Eine gleichbleibende Arbeitsgeschwindigkeit und damit eine gleichbleibende Drehzahl des Verbrennungsmotors ist insbesondere bei einer hohen Leistungsanforderung und damit einer hohen Leistungsabgabe des Verbrennungsmotors vorteilhaft.In one embodiment, the working speed of the at least one working element is coupled to the speed of the internal combustion engine. A coupling of the working speed of the at least one working element to the speed of the internal combustion engine can be achieved, for example, via a mechanical connection between the internal combustion engine and the working element. Such a connection is often very efficient in energy transfer. However, a fluctuating working speed of the work organ is often bad for the work result. In this embodiment, a constant speed causes a constant working speed of the working element and thus a consistently good work result. A constant speed is achieved in particular by a high slope of the operating characteristic curve or a vertical operating characteristic curve. A constant working speed and therefore a constant speed of the internal combustion engine particularly advantageous when there is a high power requirement and thus a high power output from the internal combustion engine.
Bevorzugt ist die Fahrgeschwindigkeit der selbstfahrenden Erntemaschine von der Drehzahl des Verbrennungsmotors unabhängig. Eine Unabhängigkeit der Fahrgeschwindigkeit von der Drehzahl des Verbrennungsmotors lässt sich bspw. über eine verstellbare hydraulische Kupplung erreichen. Über die verstellbare hydraulische Kupplung kann die vom Verbrennungsmotor an den Fahrantrieb übertragene Leistung unabhängig von der Drehzahl und der Leistungsabgabe des Verbrennungsmotors eingestellt werden. Bei einer selbstfahrenden Erntemaschine bestimmt die Fahrgeschwindigkeit im allgemeinen wie viel Erntegut von der Erntemaschine aufgenommen wird und von den Arbeitsorganen verarbeitet werden muss und damit den Leistungsbedarf der Arbeitsorgane. Durch die von der Drehzahl des Verbrennungsmotors unabhängig einstellbare Fahrgeschwindigkeit lässt sich also die benötigte Leistungsabgabe des Verbrennungsmotors beeinflussen.The driving speed of the self-propelled harvester is preferably independent of the speed of the internal combustion engine. Independence of the driving speed from the speed of the combustion engine can be achieved, for example, using an adjustable hydraulic clutch. Using the adjustable hydraulic clutch, the power transmitted from the combustion engine to the traction drive can be adjusted independently of the speed and power output of the combustion engine. In the case of a self-propelled harvester, the driving speed generally determines how much crop is picked up by the harvester and has to be processed by the work organs and thus the power requirements of the work organs. The required power output of the internal combustion engine can be influenced by the driving speed, which can be set independently of the speed of the internal combustion engine.
Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung an Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert. Dabei zeigt
-
Figur 1 ein Verbrauchsdiagramm eines Verbrennungsmotors, -
eine monoton steigende Betriebskennlinie in einem Verbrauchsdiagramm,Figur 2 -
Figur 3 eine vertikale Betriebskennlinie in einem Verbrauchsdiagramm, -
Figur 4 eine monoton steigende Betriebskennlinie mit einem vertikalen Abschnitt, -
Figur 5 eine selbstfahrende Erntemaschine.
-
Figure 1 a consumption diagram of an internal combustion engine, -
Figure 2 a monotonically increasing operating characteristic curve in a consumption diagram, -
Figure 3 a vertical operating characteristic curve in a consumption diagram, -
Figure 4 a monotonically increasing operating characteristic curve with a vertical section, -
Figure 5 a self-propelled harvester.
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
Außerdem verfügt die selbstfahrende Erntemaschine 7 über einen Verbrennungsmotor 1. Der Verbrennungsmotor 1 dient sowohl zum Antrieb des Fahrantriebs 10 als auch, und zwar gleichzeitig, zum Antrieb verschiedener Arbeitsorgane 9. Dazu ist ein Antriebsstrang 24 vorgesehen, der sich in zumindest zwei Teilantriebsstränge 25, 26 aufteilt. Der erste Teilantriebsstrang 25 ist zum Übertragen von Antriebsleistung des Verbrennungsmotors 1 an das Arbeitsorgan 9 vorgesehen. Der zweite Teilantriebsstrang 26 ist zum Übertragen von Antriebsleistung an den Fahrantrieb 10 vorgesehen.In addition, the self-propelled harvester 7 has an internal combustion engine 1. The internal combustion engine 1 serves both to drive the
In
Sind auf dem Steuergerät 8 mehrere Betriebskennlinien 2 hinterlegt, so kann der Bediener über ein Eingabgegerät 28 eine der Betriebskennlinien auswählen.If
In der dargestellten Ausführungsform umfasst die selbstfahrende Erntemaschine neben dem Verbrennungsmotor 1 einen Elektromotor 11. Der Elektromotor 11 ist über einen dritten Teilantriebsstrang 27 mit dem Antriebsstrang 12 verbunden und kann den Verbrennungsmotor 1 unterstützen oder belasten. Der Elektromotor 11 ist mit einem Energiespeicher 29 verbunden. Der Elektromotor 11 kann aus dem Energiespeicher 29 Energie entnehmen, um den Verbrennungsmotor 1 zu unterstützen und bei Belastung des Verbrennungsmotors 1 Energie im Energiespeicher 29 ablegen. Das Steuergerät 8 ist mit dem Elektromotor 11 verbunden und regelt ob und wie stark der Elektromotor 11 den Verbrennungsmotor 1 unterstützt oder belastet. Wenn der Leistungsbedarf steigt, bspw. weil der Feldbestand 21 dichter wird, und dadurch die Drehzahl 4 am Antriebsstrang 12 sinkt, da die Leistungsabgabe des Verbrennungsmotors 1 nicht ausreicht, so gibt der Elektromotor 11 Drehmoment an den Antriebsstrang 12 ab und unterstützt so den Verbrennungsmotor 1, bis der Verbrennungsmotor 1 einen Betriebspunkt erreicht hat, in dem die Leistungsabgabe des Verbrennungsmotors 1 dem Leistungsbedarf entspricht. Wenn der Leistungsbedarf sinkt und dadurch die Drehzahl 4 am Antriebsstrang 12 steigt, da die Leistungsabgabe des Verbrennungsmotors 1 größer ist also der Leistungsbedarf, so belastet der Elektromotor 11 den Antriebsstrang 12 bis der Verbrennungsmotor 1 einen Betriebspunkt erreicht hat, in dem die Leistungsabgabe des Verbrennungsmotors 1 dem Leistungsbedarf entspricht.In the illustrated embodiment, the self-propelled harvester includes an electric motor 11 in addition to the internal combustion engine 1. The electric motor 11 is connected to the
- 11
- VerbrennungsmotorInternal combustion engine
- 22
- BetriebskennlinieOperating characteristic curve
- 33
- LeistungsabgabePower output
- 44
- Drehzahlnumber of revolutions
- 55
- Erster Betriebspunkt mit maximaler LeistungsabgabeFirst operating point with maximum power output
- 66
- VolllastkennlinieFull load characteristic
- 77
- Selbstfahrende ErntemaschineSelf-propelled harvester
- 88th
- SteuergerätControl unit
- 99
- ArbeitsorganWorking body
- 1010
- Fahrantriebtraction drive
- 1111
- ElektromotorElectric motor
- 12-1412-14
- VerbrauchskennlinienConsumption characteristics
- 1515
- Zweiter Betriebspunkt mit der minimaler LeistungsabgabeSecond operating point with the minimum power output
- 1616
- Dritter Betriebspunkt mit minimaler LeistungsabgabeThird operating point with minimal power output
- 17-2017-20
- BetriebspunkteOperating points
- 2121
- FeldbestandField stock
- 2222
- GutflussGood flow
- 2323
- Einzugskanalintake channel
- 2424
- AntriebsstrangDrivetrain
- 25-2725-27
- TeilantriebssträngePartial powertrains
- 2828
- EingabegerätInput device
- 2929
- EnergiespeicherEnergy storage
- 3030
- Sensorsensor
Claims (10)
- A method for controlling a combustion engine (1) and an electric motor (11), wherein the combustion engine (1) is operated along a predetermined operating characteristic (2), characterized in that the power output (3) of the combustion engine (1) increases monotonically with the rotational speed (4) along the operating characteristic (2), wherein the operating characteristic (2), with the exception of the operating point with the maximum power output (5), lies under the full load characteristic (6) and at the highest rotational speed of the operating characteristic, the predetermined operating characteristic (2) has a perpendicular section and the electric motor (11) is provided and configured to support or to load the combustion engine (1) depending on the control of the electric motor (11), wherein a control device (8) is provided and configured to connect the combustion engine (1) to the electric motor (11) in a manner such that the control unit (8) controls whether and to what extent the electric motor (11) supports or loads the combustion engine (1).
- The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the predetermined operating characteristic (2), at least in sections, is linear.
- The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the predetermined operating characteristic (2), at least in sections, is perpendicular.
- The method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that below the highest rotational speed, the predetermined operating characteristic (2) is strictly monotonically increasing.
- The method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the predetermined operating characteristic (2) is selected from a plurality of operating characteristics.
- The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the selection is carried out as a function of an input from the operator.
- The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the selection is carried out automatically as a function of an operating situation.
- A self-propelled harvesting machine (7) for carrying out the method according to claim 1, characterized in that the self-propelled harvesting machine (7) comprises at least one working unit (9) and a propulsion unit (10) and the combustion engine 91) is provided and configured to provide energy to both the propulsion unit (10) as well as the working unit (9).
- The self-propelled harvesting machine (7) according to claim 8, characterized in that the working speed of the at least one working unit (9) is coupled to the rotational speed (4) of the combustion engine (1).
- The self-propelled harvesting machine (7) according to one of claims 8 to 9, characterized in that the travel speed of the self-propelled harvesting machine (7) is independent of the rotational speed (4) of the combustion engine (1).
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DE102019116447.8A DE102019116447A1 (en) | 2019-06-18 | 2019-06-18 | Method for controlling an internal combustion engine |
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CN113586273B (en) * | 2021-08-17 | 2023-09-12 | 柳州柳工挖掘机有限公司 | Rotating speed control method of electric control engine and engineering machinery |
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EP2223588B1 (en) * | 2009-02-27 | 2011-11-23 | Deere & Company | Automotive harvesting machine |
EP3257353B1 (en) * | 2016-06-14 | 2019-09-25 | CLAAS Selbstfahrende Erntemaschinen GmbH | Agricultural machine and method for operating an agricultural machine |
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JP2004150304A (en) * | 2002-10-29 | 2004-05-27 | Komatsu Ltd | Controller of engine |
DE102008020497A1 (en) | 2008-04-23 | 2009-11-05 | Claas Selbstfahrende Erntemaschinen Gmbh | Operating method for an internal combustion engine |
BE1018875A3 (en) * | 2009-09-01 | 2011-10-04 | Cnh Belgium Nv | AGRICULTURAL MACHINE WITH VARIABLE SPEED CONTROL. |
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EP2223588B1 (en) * | 2009-02-27 | 2011-11-23 | Deere & Company | Automotive harvesting machine |
EP3257353B1 (en) * | 2016-06-14 | 2019-09-25 | CLAAS Selbstfahrende Erntemaschinen GmbH | Agricultural machine and method for operating an agricultural machine |
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