EP3754082B1 - Appareil de deposition de fibres pour la production de tissus non tissés par liage à la filature - Google Patents

Appareil de deposition de fibres pour la production de tissus non tissés par liage à la filature Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3754082B1
EP3754082B1 EP19180828.6A EP19180828A EP3754082B1 EP 3754082 B1 EP3754082 B1 EP 3754082B1 EP 19180828 A EP19180828 A EP 19180828A EP 3754082 B1 EP3754082 B1 EP 3754082B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
fibers
cylinders
deposition tool
tool according
distance
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EP19180828.6A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3754082A1 (fr
Inventor
Stefano Maria ZANARDI
Ivano Sergio DE PELLEGRIN
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Societa Italiana Costruzione Aeromeccaniche SICAM SRL
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Societa Italiana Costruzione Aeromeccaniche SICAM SRL
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/70—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/08—Melt spinning methods
    • D01D5/098—Melt spinning methods with simultaneous stretching
    • D01D5/0985—Melt spinning methods with simultaneous stretching by means of a flowing gas (e.g. melt-blowing)
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/02—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments
    • D04H3/03—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments at random
    • D04H3/033—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments at random reorientation immediately after yarn or filament formation
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/02—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments
    • D04H3/05—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments in another pattern, e.g. zig-zag, sinusoidal

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an improvement in an apparatus for the production of non-woven fabrics, in particular in the section of the apparatus dedicated to the production of the web of loose fibers that are subsequently bound with different techniques to produce a non-woven fabric.
  • Non-woven fabrics have replaced traditional fabrics in a number of applications and products, among which, to cite but a few, surgical masks and caps, disposable clothing, tea bags, vacuum bags, diapers, carpet backing and filters for gasoline, oil and air.
  • melt-blown, flashspun or spunbond the latter also referred to in the field as spunlaid.
  • these fabrics are made in one continuous process, in which the fibers are spun from a reservoir of the melt polymer (generally polypropylene, polyesters, polyamides or similar), cooled by a transverse air flow and, when still in a soft state (that is, not fully consolidated yet) aerodynamically stretched inside ejectors by a high-speed airflow parallel to the fibers; before entering the ejectors for stretching, the fibers are electrostatically charged by suitable devices operating in direct current; the surface charge of the fibers prevent them from sticking to each other in the ejectors.
  • the melt polymer generally polypropylene, polyesters, polyamides or similar
  • Stretching in the ejectors produces a bundle of loose fibers, which get entangled by air turbulence beneath the ejectors; this way, a web is formed and then collected on a collecting surface, which is usually a running belt.
  • the collecting surface is usually perforated to prevent the air stream from deflecting and carrying the fibers in an uncontrolled manner.
  • the thus formed web of fibers is later on consolidated by methods well known in the field, such as thermal bonding, hydro-entanglement, ultrasonic pattern bonding, needlepunching/needlefelting, or chemical bonding.
  • Fig. 1 schematically shows a common arrangement of a spunbond production machine; the figure only represents the phases of stretching in ejectors of the fibers and their deposition over a collecting belt.
  • Fig. 1.a is a top view of the ejectors and collecting belt (as well as of a frame carrying cylinders that are described later on), while Fig. 1.b is a side view of a portion of the machine which comprises a single ejector.
  • a series of ejectors are positioned in parallel over the collector of fibers, which in this case is a running belt (B).
  • the ejectors are aligned along a line perpendicular to the traveling direction of the belt (indicated by the arrow in the figure).
  • a series of equidistant cylinders Positioned between the outlet of the ejectors and the belt there are a series of equidistant cylinders (C) fixed to a frame (F).
  • the axes of the cylinders lay in a plane parallel to the plane of the belt; these axes may be at an angle with the traveling direction of the belt, but generally and preferably they are parallel to said direction.
  • the frame allows changing the setting of the machine, in particular as to the distance between the cylinders (actually, the plane in which the axes of the cylinders lay) from the outlet of the ejectors and the distance between the (plane of the axes of the) cylinders and the traveling belt, or the mutual distance between two next cylinders.
  • the projection of the axis of every ejector passes between, and is equidistant from, a pair of next cylinders.
  • a pair of next cylinders, between which the fibers released from the ejector pass before reaching the collector, will be referred to in this text and the annexed claims "lapper".
  • the frame is moved back-and-forth of a preset distance by a reciprocating motor; this movement is in the plane of the axes of the cylinders and in a direction perpendicular to said axes, between two limit points; the frequency of the reciprocating movement may vary between about 250 and about 1000 cycles per minute; the amplitude of the reciprocating movement may vary between about 4 and about 20 mm (that is, leftward and rightward strokes between about 2 mm and about 10 mm).
  • the fibers leaving the ejectors are stretched by the high-speed airflow between two next cylinders, and the rapid horizontal oscillation of the cylinders around their average position, interacting with this high-speed airflow, creates a turbulence that "opens" the bundle of fibers; the turbulence generated by the airflow passing between the cylinders is known in the field of aerodynamics as "Coand ⁇ effect", and has the result of spreading the fibers and increasing the width of the deposition area.
  • the fibers During the phase of stretching and deposition on the belt, the fibers have sufficient time and space to interlace and form a homogeneous web (W).
  • Patent US 3,293,718 discloses a fibers deposition apparatus comprising a plurality of jets for ejecting filaments of the kind described above, in which below each jet is present a pair of rotating devices each mounted on a drive shaft rotatably mounted on a support structure.
  • Each rotating device consists essentially of a disk-like element having a thickness corresponding to the width of the fluid stream and a peripheral circumferentially extending groove, and portions cut away from the periphery of the disk-like element.
  • the residual groove portion functions as a Coand ⁇ device causing filament deflection upon rotation of the rotating devices.
  • Patent US 3,903,569 aimed at improving air guidance, discloses a carriage with back and forth movement on a frame and calender rollers for cross-lapping.
  • Two deposition parameters which directly influence the structure and mechanical strength of the final fabric, are the width of the deposition zone and the speed of the airflow causing deposition of the fibers on the belt.
  • the deposition width varies from about 150 to about 250 mm.
  • the speed of the deposition air should not be lower than 50 m/s, and preferably around 55 m/s, to avoid that the fibers fall on the collection/transport belt too slowly, which has been observed to result in poor homogeneity of the web (areas with thick overlaps of fibers and empty areas).
  • Both the electrostatic charges and the diffusers in fact manage to increase the width of the deposition zone by at most 15 to 30 mm; besides, in the case of the diffusers, the undesired effect is also obtained of slowing the air speed well below the critical value of 50-55 m/s, leading to a worsening of the mechanical resistance of the finished product.
  • the invention consists in a modification of the deposition section of a kind of known apparatuses for the production of non-woven fabrics.
  • the basic unit of the apparatus is the combination of an ejector and a pair of cylinders, positioned as described above over the collector, generally a running belt; each pair of cylinders associated to an ejector forms a lapper of the fibers released by the outlet of the ejector.
  • the modification consists in the fact that, different from the systems of the prior art in which the cylinders making up a lapper are smooth, in the present invention each of the two cylinders of the lapper present at least a part of the lateral surface (as better described in the following) zones presenting indentations.
  • FIGs. 2 and 3 This condition is represented in Figs. 2 and 3 , in which details of the basic unit of the deposition tool of the invention are shown; the part of the apparatus upstream said unit, comprising tools for charging a solid polymer, means for melting the polymer, spinnerets for extruding filaments of liquid polymers and means for cooling said filaments to form solid polymers fibers to be stretched in the ejectors, are the same as in installations of the prior art and are not represented in the drawings.
  • a basic unit for stretching and depositing fibers comprises an ejector, 20, and two modified cylinders, 21 and 21', fixed to a frame 22; the pair of cylinders 21 and 21' forms the lapper of the invention.
  • an electrostatically charging device 23 Upstream the ejector, just before the inlet point of the fibers, is positioned an electrostatically charging device 23 for charging the surface of the fibers in order to avoid that these stick to each other during the stretching in the ejector. Stretching of the fibers is caused by a high-speed airflow in the ejector, schematically represented by the arrows in Fig. 2 .
  • Stretched fibers, 24, leave the ejector from outlet 25, and are projected in the space between cylinders 21 and 21' by the speed acquired in the ejector due to said high-speed airflow; another contribution to the projection of the fibers in said space is the parallel, secondary flow of air from around the ejector, pulled in said space by the low pressure created beneath the outlet by the primary airflow.
  • Beneath the lapper is present the collector, in Fig. 2 represented by transporting belt 26 moving to the left, in the direction of the arrow.
  • Belt 26 is air permeable and an air intake system, schematically represented as element 27, is placed below it to retain the forming web of fibers on the belt itself.
  • the dimensional characteristics of basic deposition unit of the invention, and its position with respect to the collector, are the following: minimum distance between two cylinders of a lapper (that is, the distance between the nearest points on the surfaces of the two cylindrical) between 10 and 20 mm, preferably between 15 and 16 mm; distance between the outlet of the ejector and the inlet and plane p 1 of the axes of the cylinders between 40 and 120 mm, preferably between 55 and 90 mm; distance between the plane p 1 of the axes of the cylinders and the plane p 2 of the collector between 100 and 600 mm, preferably between 330 and 580 mm.
  • the cylinders that constitute the lapper(s) of the invention may be completely made of metal, for instance stainless steel or aluminum; of alloys, such as the alloys known as Anticorodal (aluminum-based alloys of the 6000 series, containing 0.4-1.7 wt% magnesium, 0.5-1 wt% manganese and 1-5 wt% silicon); of other materials, such as carbon fibers, polymers or copolymers; or they can have the inner, supporting part, of metal, and the surface covered with a layer of polymer.
  • the cylinders are made of, or coated with, polymers, the latter may be loaded with conductive particles (e.g., of metals or graphite).
  • the cylinders are preferably as light as possible, in order to facilitate in particular the reciprocating movement of the frame holding them during operation of the system.
  • Indentations 31 have circular shape, a diameter ranging between 4 and 6 mm, a depth between 1 and 2 mm, and a distance between the centers of two next indentations between 5.5 and 7.5 mm; the depth of the indentations is preferably higher, in said range, the higher their diameter.
  • FIG. 4 shows a section view of a preferred cylinder (21 or 21').
  • the lateral surface of the cylinder is subdivided into four zones, separated by generator segments C, D, E and F, spaced apart along the circumference of the cylinder 1/4 of said circumference.
  • four zones 40, 41, 42 and 43, of same area, are defined on the lateral surface of the cylinder; two opposed (non-adjacent) zones, 40 and 42, present indentations, while the other two opposed zones 41 and 43 are smooth; zone 40 present a series of indentations 44, and zone 42 presents indentations 45.
  • Indentations 44 and 45 are different in size, distance and depth.
  • indentations 44 may have diameter 6 mm, depth 2 mm and distance between centers of two next indentations 7.5 mm, while indentations 45 may have diameter 4 mm, depth 1 mm and distance between centers of two next indentations 5.5 mm.
  • the cylinder shown in Fig. 4 may be modified with a further series of indentations on surface 43, with size and distance different from indentations 44 and 45, to further increase the possible operating configurations of the apparatus; other possible modifications, for instance defining more zones on the surface of the cylinders, said zones smooth or with different indentations, will be apparent to the skilled person.
  • the maximum number of zones on the surface of each cylinder of the lapper is 6: a higher number would give rise to too narrow zones, with loss of control of the indentations actually involved in the turbulence effect in the space between the cylinders.
  • Frame 22 is connected to a reciprocating motor (not shown in the figures) adapted to apply to the frame a motion with strokes of amplitude between 2 and 10 mm in plane p 1 in a direction perpendicular to the axes of cylinders 21 and 21'.
  • stretched fibers 24 are ejected in the space between cylinders 21 and 21'; these are reciprocated between two limit positions, which correspond to strokes between 2 and 10 mm, while the reciprocating motion frequency can vary from 250 to 800 cycles per minute; the combined effect of air coming from inside the ejector, air pulled between the cylinders from outside the ejector, reciprocating motion of the lapper and the enhanced turbulence caused by the indentations on the cylinders give rise a particularly intense Coand ⁇ effect which dramatically increase the width of the area over belt 26 on which the fibers are distributed.
  • the distribution unit of the invention is capable of increasing the deposition area of fibers from values of about 150-250 mm that are typical of systems of the prior art, up to about 300-350 mm. This result is achieved without slowing down (indeed doubling) the air speed in the deposition zone as with the diffusers of the prior art, which led to inhomogeneities in the forming web of fibers; the deposition unit of the invention also operates without introducing turbulence or other disturbances to the air flow in the deposition area, thus being able to form a veil of improved mechanical strength and at the same time high visual quality, softness and homogeneity.
  • the current applied to charging device 23 is not direct current, but rather a pulsed current that generates a voltage periodic and constant over time.
  • the frequency of oscillation of the voltage is modulable and between 5 and 60 cycles per second, the value of maximum voltage being between 15 and 60 KV, preferably between 15 and 45 KV.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Outil de dépôt de fibres pour des bandes de tissus non tissés, comprenant :
    - au moins un éjecteur vertical (20) ayant une sortie (25) à partir de laquelle un faisceau de fibres polymères (24) est libéré ;
    - devant la sortie de l'au moins un éjecteur vertical, un collecteur (26) desdites fibres polymères ;
    - au moins deux cylindres (21, 21') parallèles fixés à un châssis (22), ayant leurs axes situés dans un plan p1 perpendiculaire à l'axe de l'au moins un éjecteur vertical, ledit plan p1 parallèle au plan p2 du collecteur et étant positionnés entre ladite sortie et ledit collecteur, avec une distance d1 comprise entre 40 et 120 mm de ladite sortie et une distance d2 comprise entre 100 et 600 mm dudit collecteur, et une distance minimale d3 entre les cylindres dans l'intervalle de 10 à 20mm ;
    - ledit cadre relié à un moteur apte à appliquer audit cadre un mouvement alternatif dans ledit plan p1 et dans la direction perpendiculaire aux axes des cylindres, avec des courses d'amplitude comprise entre 2 mm et 10 mm autour d'une position moyenne dans laquelle lesdits deux cylindres parallèles sont équidistants de la projection de l'axe de l'éjecteur ;
    caractérisé en ce que :
    au moins une zone (30 ; 40, 42) sur la surface latérale de chacun desdits cylindres parallèles, définie par deux segments (A, B ; C, D, E, F) parallèles à la génératrice de chaque cylindre espacés le long de la circonférence du cylindre d'au moins 1/6 de ladite circonférence, présente des indentations (31 ; 44, 45) disposées selon un réseau rhomboïdal, ayant une forme circulaire, un diamètre entre 4 et 6 mm, une profondeur entre 1 et 2 mm, et une distance entre les centres de deux indentations suivantes entre 5,5 et 7,5 mm.
  2. Outil de dépôt de fibres selon la revendication 1, comprenant en outre en amont dudit éjecteur (20), au point d'entrée des fibres, un dispositif de charge électrostatique (23) apte à appliquer un courant pulsé pour charger la surface des fibres.
  3. Outil de dépôt de fibres selon la revendication 1 ou 2, comprenant en outre un système d'admission d'air (27) sous ledit collecteur de fibres (26).
  4. Outil de dépôt de fibres selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ladite distance d1 est comprise entre 55 et 90 mm.
  5. Outil de dépôt de fibres selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ladite distance d2 est comprise entre 330 et 580 mm.
  6. Outil de dépôt de fibres selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ladite distance d3 est comprise entre 15 et 16 mm.
  7. Outil de dépôt de fibres selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel lesdits cylindres (21, 21') sont réalisés en métal, en alliages métalliques, en fibres de carbone, en polymères, en copolymères, ou ont une partie interne en métal et la partie externe en polymère.
  8. Outil de dépôt de fibres selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la surface latérale de chacun desdits cylindres (21, 21') a une seule zone (30) définie par des segments parallèles (A, B) où sont présentes une série d'indentations (31).
  9. Outil de dépôt de fibres selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, dans lequel la surface latérale de chacun desdits cylindres (21, 21') est subdivisée en quatre zones (40, 41, 42, 43) définies par des segments parallèles (B, C, D, F) espacés le long de la circonférence du cylindre d'1/4 de ladite circonférence, deux zones non adjacentes (41, 43) étant lisses, et les deux autres zones non adjacentes (40, 42) présentant des indentations (44, 45) qui sont différentes en taille, distance et profondeur dans ces deux dernières zones.
  10. Outil de dépôt de fibres selon la revendication 2, dans lequel ledit dispositif de charge électrostatique (23) applique un courant pulsé avec une fréquence comprise entre 5 et 60 Hz.
  11. Outil de dépôt de fibres selon la revendication 10, dans lequel ledit dispositif de charge électrostatique (23) applique aux fibres une tension comprise entre 15 et 60 kV.
  12. Outil de dépôt de fibres selon la revendication 11, dans lequel ledit dispositif de charge électrostatique (23) applique aux fibres une tension comprise entre 15 et 45 kV.
EP19180828.6A 2019-06-18 2019-06-18 Appareil de deposition de fibres pour la production de tissus non tissés par liage à la filature Active EP3754082B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19180828.6A EP3754082B1 (fr) 2019-06-18 2019-06-18 Appareil de deposition de fibres pour la production de tissus non tissés par liage à la filature

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EP19180828.6A EP3754082B1 (fr) 2019-06-18 2019-06-18 Appareil de deposition de fibres pour la production de tissus non tissés par liage à la filature

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EP3754082B1 true EP3754082B1 (fr) 2022-04-06

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Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116416314A (zh) * 2021-12-30 2023-07-11 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 井中光纤的深度标定方法及装置

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3293718A (en) * 1963-07-01 1966-12-27 Du Pont Apparatus for forming non-woven web structures
DE2245051A1 (de) * 1972-09-14 1974-03-21 Krupp Gmbh Kreuzleger zum vlieslegen
JPH0633360A (ja) * 1992-07-10 1994-02-08 Yoshikazu Yamaguchi 不織布の製造方法
DE10333784A1 (de) * 2003-07-24 2005-02-24 Yao-Chang Lin Kontinuierlicher Prozess zum Erzeugen eines Vliesstoffes aus Fäden, die durch Kalendrieren gedehnt wurden
PL2907909T3 (pl) * 2014-02-17 2018-01-31 Reifenhaeuser Masch Urządzenie do ciągłego wytwarzania wstęgi włókniny typu spunbond

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