EP3738133B1 - Core for a transformer - Google Patents

Core for a transformer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3738133B1
EP3738133B1 EP19710339.3A EP19710339A EP3738133B1 EP 3738133 B1 EP3738133 B1 EP 3738133B1 EP 19710339 A EP19710339 A EP 19710339A EP 3738133 B1 EP3738133 B1 EP 3738133B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
core
metal
lacquer
transformer
metal sheets
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EP19710339.3A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3738133A1 (en
EP3738133C0 (en
Inventor
Stephan Voss
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
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Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
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Publication of EP3738133A1 publication Critical patent/EP3738133A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3738133B1 publication Critical patent/EP3738133B1/en
Publication of EP3738133C0 publication Critical patent/EP3738133C0/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F3/00—Cores, Yokes, or armatures
    • H01F3/10—Composite arrangements of magnetic circuits
    • H01F3/14—Constrictions; Gaps, e.g. air-gaps
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/24—Magnetic cores
    • H01F27/245—Magnetic cores made from sheets, e.g. grain-oriented
    • H01F27/2455—Magnetic cores made from sheets, e.g. grain-oriented using bent laminations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/24—Magnetic cores
    • H01F27/255—Magnetic cores made from particles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F3/00—Cores, Yokes, or armatures
    • H01F3/02—Cores, Yokes, or armatures made from sheets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
    • H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
    • H01F41/0206—Manufacturing of magnetic cores by mechanical means
    • H01F41/0233—Manufacturing of magnetic circuits made from sheets
    • H01F41/024—Manufacturing of magnetic circuits made from deformed sheets

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a core for a transformer, which comprises a large number of bent laminations, all of which are connected to form a structure which runs around a core opening and forms the core, with the lamina ends of each lamina not touching one another within the core, so that the Sheets form at least one air gap with the core at their respective sheet ends within the core or at an edge of the core, the core being impregnated or coated at least at the sheet ends of the sheets with a lacquer which contains magnetic particles, and the impregnation or the Coating at least fills the air gaps at the sheet metal ends of the sheets.
  • Such a core is from the EP 2 529 380 B1 already known.
  • the core shown there has a core stack consisting of several layers, the layers consisting of flat sheets or strips.
  • the layers of one core stack face the end faces of the layers of another core stack with their end faces forming the gaps.
  • a free-flowing filling material containing magnetic particles penetrates into these interstices.
  • the filling material is hardened by heating.
  • the GB 1 173 447 A discloses a winding core composed of C-shaped structures.
  • the cores of the transformers are often designed as so-called winding cores, which consist of many layers of thin metal sheets that are offset against each other are placed around one another or pushed into one another and form sheet metal windings with at least one cut.
  • winding cores leads through the transformer windings.
  • Several winding cores can be arranged side by side or around one another.
  • the winding cores are first dismantled by hand into individual so-called “books” in order to then be laid by hand book by book through the prefabricated transformer windings. Such a manufacturing process runs manually and therefore cannot be carried out cost-effectively.
  • the complete core can be separated into two mostly U-shaped or V-shaped halves, each half can be performed from opposite directions through the prefabricated transformer windings, and then to a complete core to be assembled.
  • Such a core can be assembled automatically through the transformer windings.
  • winding cores of the "Unicore single" type have only one cut per sheet winding
  • a winding core of the "Unicore duo" type or a stacked core has two cuts per sheet winding. This leads to higher no-load losses with these types. These reduce the efficiency of the transformer.
  • the no-load losses are an important criterion for the selection of a transformer type, especially in energy distribution networks.
  • the problem solved by the invention is therefore to reduce the no-load losses in the transformers as much as possible to minimize low magnetic resistances and at the same time to protect the core against weather influences.
  • a core for a transformer includes a plurality of bent laminations.
  • the laminations are all connected to form a structure that runs around a core opening and forms the core, with the lamina ends of each lamina not touching each other within the core, so that the laminations have at least one at their respective lamina ends within the core or at an edge of the core Form an air gap with the core.
  • the core is impregnated or coated at least at the sheet metal ends of the sheets with a lacquer containing magnetic particles, with the impregnation or the coating filling at least the air gaps at the sheet metal ends of the sheets.
  • the impregnation thus fills out at least the area of the air gaps between the sheet metal ends. This means that the magnetic flux does not bulge as much during the transition from one end of the sheet through the air gap filled with magnetic paint to the next end of the sheet as it would be without a magnetically permeable filling, i.e. if it was filled with oil or air.
  • the magnetic resistance of a transformer is reduced. In other words, the no-load losses for a core according to the invention are reduced compared to those of prior art cores.
  • the entire core is impregnated or coated with the paint containing the magnetic particles.
  • the impregnation or coating is therefore applied to the entire core, which improves the core fill factor and thus the efficiency of the transformer.
  • the through the impregnation or Coating introduced magnetic particles reduce the magnetic resistance of the core.
  • the magnetic particles are superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles.
  • Such nanoparticles are so small that they form a suspension with the liquid paint and thus penetrate the narrow air gaps of a core with the liquid paint.
  • the paint is a polyurethane paint.
  • a polyurethane paint is characterized by its hardness and its resistance to corrosion. Suspension formation with the superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles is also possible with these paints.
  • the paint is a water-based paint.
  • Using a water-based paint also eliminates potential environmental problems from harmful solvents.
  • the core is preferably composed of essentially U-shaped metal sheets which are arranged one inside the other in such a way that the legs of one U-shaped metal sheet are at least partially in contact with one leg of another U-shaped metal sheet, the legs of these two Plates connecting portions are positioned opposite each other.
  • the core is preferably a core of the "Unicore duo" type or a core of the "Tranco” type.
  • the impregnation or coating of such types of cores with a paint containing magnetic particles is particularly preferred, since the no-load losses occurring through the two air gaps of a sheet metal winding can be largely compensated for here.
  • production can be better automated, in particular the core can be assembled in an automated manner. This eliminates a lot of manual work and larger series can be manufactured inexpensively. The manual insertion of "books", as with the "Unicore single” types, is not necessary here.
  • the laminations of the core are each bent around the core opening, with the laminations each being interrupted at one point by an air gap in such a way that the lamina ends are arranged opposite one another at this air gap.
  • the core is also preferably designed as a core of the “Unicore single” type. Impregnation also increases the efficiency of the transformer with a winding core of the "Unicore single” type, in which there is only one air gap per turn of sheet metal. The manufacturing advantages of this core type are retained.
  • the core is preferably a winding core.
  • the impregnation or coating with the paint containing the magnetic particles helps to significantly improve the efficiency of the transformer.
  • the core is preferably a stacked core.
  • the coating described above also leads to a reduction in no-load losses with stacked cores.
  • the impregnation or the coating can also be used on stacked cores that have a common air gap across the sheets. This is filled with paint containing magnetic particles, thereby increasing the efficiency of the transformer.
  • a transformer with a core according to the invention is advantageously made available.
  • a method for producing a transformer which comprises a large number of bent metal sheets, all of which can be connected to form a structure that runs around a core opening and forms the core, with the sheet metal ends of each sheet metal inside the connected core being mutually connected do not touch. Consequently, the laminations form at least one air gap with the bonded core at their respective lamina ends within the bonded core or at an edge of the bonded core.
  • the method according to the invention comprises the following steps: passing the individual metal sheets through at least one transformer winding of the transformer.
  • the lacquer is preferably sprayed onto the ends of the sheet metal.
  • the impregnation or coating of the core can be carried out particularly easily, quickly and inexpensively.
  • the impregnation or coating of the core according to the invention is preferably carried out by spraying the lacquer onto the sheets of the core.
  • a cup gun is preferably used for this purpose.
  • figure 1 shows an oblique view of a core 3 of the “Unicore single” type 7 which has been opened up and not fully assembled according to the invention.
  • the laminations 1 form the core 3 which winds around a core opening 4 for a transformer winding.
  • the two sheet metal ends 2 of a sheet metal 1 meet with a small air gap 5 .
  • Filling the air gap 5 with magnetic particles reduces the magnetic resistance in the respective sheet metal winding.
  • the laminations 1 of the core 3 are each bent around the core opening 4, with the laminations 1 each being interrupted at one point by an air gap 5 in such a way that the laminations 2 are aligned opposite one another at this air gap 5.
  • the metal sheets 1 are C-shaped in this exemplary embodiment. Described again in other words, the metal sheets 1 each have the shape of a loop that is interrupted at one point.
  • figure 2 shows an oblique view of an exploded core 3 of the "Unicore duo" type 8 according to the invention.
  • the sheets 1 form the halves of the core 3, which are plugged together around the core opening 4 for a transformer winding. Butt in the assembled state of the core 3 in each case the sheet metal ends 2 of a sheet metal 1 from one half with a small air gap 5 onto the sheet metal ends 2 of opposite metal sheets 1 from the other half (the in figure 2 Areas marked as air gap 5 designate those areas of the core halves in which the air gaps 5 result after the core halves have been joined together).
  • this type of core in the assembled state, there are two air gaps 5 in each sheet metal turn.
  • the core 3 is composed of essentially U-shaped metal sheets 1, which, when the core is fully assembled, are arranged one inside the other in such a way that the legs of a U-shaped metal sheet 1 are each connected to a leg of another U -shaped sheet 1 are at least partially in contact, the portions connecting the legs of these two sheets 1 being positioned opposite one another.
  • FIG 3 a stack core 9 according to the invention is shown schematically.
  • the core 3 consisting of two halves forms a core opening 4 for a transformer winding.
  • the core 3 has a multiplicity of sheets 1 stacked on top of one another, the sheet metal ends 2 of which each meet the sheet metal ends 2 of the other part of the core 3 .
  • two air gaps 5 are formed, which can be filled with magnetic particles (the figure 5 Areas marked as air gap 5 designate those areas of the core halves in which the air gaps 5 result after the core halves have been joined together).
  • the impregnation or coating described reduces the magnetic resistance of the transformer and increases the efficiency.
  • FIG 4 shows an oblique view of an assembled winding core combination, which is also called “Evans core”, ie referred to as the “Evans core” 10 .
  • the Evans core includes multiple Unicore cores.
  • the two inner winding cores have the core openings 4 for transformer windings.
  • the outer winding core 11 is wound around the two inner winding cores 12 . All winding cores in this core combination consist of one of the core types mentioned above, whose efficiency is increased by impregnation with magnetic particles.
  • FIG 5 different combinations of cores 3 are shown.
  • the transformer winding 13 on the core 3.
  • the transformer winding 13 wraps around two cores 3.
  • the third illustration shows a three-phase transformer with four cores 3, with each transformer winding 13 having two cores 3 wraps around.
  • the cores 3 can be impregnated in accordance with the embodiment described here, thus expanding the field of application of the respective transformer.
  • FIG 6 shows a schematic cross-sectional view through the in figure 1 core 3 according to the invention shown.
  • the air gap filling of this core 3 is shown.
  • the metal sheets 1 abut one another with their metal sheet ends 2, with an air gap 5 forming in each case.
  • These air gaps 5 are filled with paint 6 containing magnetic particles.
  • the filled air gaps 5 thus have a lower magnetic resistance and the no-load losses are also reduced as a result.
  • the outer side of the core 3 is impregnated with the varnish 6 (not shown in figure 6 ) and thus protects the core 3 against the weather.
  • Such a core 3 can therefore also be used advantageously, in particular, in dry-type transformer products.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Coils Or Transformers For Communication (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Cores, Coils, And Magnets (AREA)
  • Housings And Mounting Of Transformers (AREA)
  • Regulation Of General Use Transformers (AREA)

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Kern für einen Transformator, der eine Vielzahl gebogener Bleche umfasst, die allesamt zu einer um eine Kernöffnung umlaufenden, den Kern bildenden Struktur verbunden sind, wobei sich jeweils die Blechenden eines jeden Blechs innerhalb des Kerns gegenseitig nicht berühren, sodass die Bleche an ihren jeweiligen Blechenden innerhalb des Kerns oder an einem Rand des Kerns mindestens einen Luftspalt mit dem Kern ausbilden, wobei der Kern zumindest an den Blechenden der Bleche mit einem Lack imprägniert oder beschichtet ist, welcher magnetische Partikel enthält, und wobei die Imprägnierung oder die Beschichtung zumindest die Luftspalte an den Blechenden der Bleche ausfüllt.The present invention relates to a core for a transformer, which comprises a large number of bent laminations, all of which are connected to form a structure which runs around a core opening and forms the core, with the lamina ends of each lamina not touching one another within the core, so that the Sheets form at least one air gap with the core at their respective sheet ends within the core or at an edge of the core, the core being impregnated or coated at least at the sheet ends of the sheets with a lacquer which contains magnetic particles, and the impregnation or the Coating at least fills the air gaps at the sheet metal ends of the sheets.

Ein solcher Kern ist aus der EP 2 529 380 B1 bereits bekannt. Der dort gezeigte Kern weist aus mehreren Schichten bestehende Kernstapel auf, wobei die Schichten aus flachen Blechen oder Bändern bestehen. Die Schichten eines Kernstapels liegen mit ihren Endseiten den Endseiten der Schichten eines anderen Kernstapels gegenüber, wobei die Zwischenräume ausgebildet werden. In diese Zwischenräume dringt ein fließfähiges Füllmaterial ein, das magnetische Partikel enthält. Das Füllmaterial wird durch Erhitzen gehärtet.Such a core is from the EP 2 529 380 B1 already known. The core shown there has a core stack consisting of several layers, the layers consisting of flat sheets or strips. The layers of one core stack face the end faces of the layers of another core stack with their end faces forming the gaps. A free-flowing filling material containing magnetic particles penetrates into these interstices. The filling material is hardened by heating.

Die GB 1 173 447 A offenbart einen aus C-förmigen Strukturen bestehenden Wickelkern.The GB 1 173 447 A discloses a winding core composed of C-shaped structures.

Weiterer Stand der Technik ist in der DE 10 2009 048659 B3 und der GB 965 741 A beschrieben.Further prior art is in DE 10 2009 048659 B3 and the GB 965 741A described.

Im Transformatorenbau werden die Kerne der Transformatoren oft als sogenannte Wickelkerne ausgebildet, die aus vielen Lagen von dünnen Blechen bestehen, die gegeneinander versetzt umeinander gelegt beziehungsweise ineinander geschoben werden und Blechwindungen mit mindestens einem Schnitt bilden.In transformer construction, the cores of the transformers are often designed as so-called winding cores, which consist of many layers of thin metal sheets that are offset against each other are placed around one another or pushed into one another and form sheet metal windings with at least one cut.

Ein Schenkel der Wickelkerne führt durch die Transformatorenwicklungen hindurch. Mehrere Wickelkerne können nebeneinander oder umeinander angeordnet werden. Bei einigen Typen der Kerne, beispielsweise den Typen "Unicore single", werden die Wickelkerne zunächst von Hand in einzelne sogenannte "Bücher" zerlegt, um dann Buch für Buch durch die vorgefertigten Transformatorenwicklungen von Hand hindurchgelegt zu werden. Ein solcher Fertigungsprozess läuft manuell ab und kann damit nicht kostengünstig durchgeführt werden.One leg of the winding cores leads through the transformer windings. Several winding cores can be arranged side by side or around one another. In the case of some types of cores, for example the "Unicore single" types, the winding cores are first dismantled by hand into individual so-called "books" in order to then be laid by hand book by book through the prefabricated transformer windings. Such a manufacturing process runs manually and therefore cannot be carried out cost-effectively.

Bei anderen Typen von Wickelkernen, wie z. B. bei Wickelkernen des Typs "Unicore duo", kann der vollständige Kern in zwei meist U-förmige oder V-förmige Hälften getrennt werden, wobei jede Hälfte für sich aus entgegengesetzten Richtungen durch die vorgefertigten Transformatorenwicklungen geführt werden kann, um dann zu einem vollständigen Kern zusammengefügt zu werden. Ein solcher Kern kann automatisiert durch die Transformatorenwicklungen montiert werden.With other types of winding cores, such as e.g. B. in winding cores of the type "Unicore duo", the complete core can be separated into two mostly U-shaped or V-shaped halves, each half can be performed from opposite directions through the prefabricated transformer windings, and then to a complete core to be assembled. Such a core can be assembled automatically through the transformer windings.

An den Schnitten der Bleche der Wickelkerne bilden sich jeweils mehr oder minder weite Luftspalte aus, die einen mit der Weite zunehmenden magnetischen Widerstand darstellen und damit entsprechende Leerlaufverluste bewirken. Während Wickelkerne vom Typ "Unicore single" je Blechwindung nur einen Schnitt haben, hat ein Wickelkern vom Typ "Unicore duo" oder ein Stapelkern zwei Schnitte je Blechwindung. Dies führt dazu, dass bei diesen Typen höhere Leerlaufverluste entstehen. Diese verringern den Wirkungsgrad des Transformators. Die Leerlaufverluste sind insbesondere in Energieverteilnetzen ein wichtiges Kriterium für die Auswahl eines Transformatorentyps.More or less wide air gaps form at the cuts of the laminations of the winding cores, which represent a magnetic resistance that increases with the width and thus cause corresponding no-load losses. While winding cores of the "Unicore single" type have only one cut per sheet winding, a winding core of the "Unicore duo" type or a stacked core has two cuts per sheet winding. This leads to higher no-load losses with these types. These reduce the efficiency of the transformer. The no-load losses are an important criterion for the selection of a transformer type, especially in energy distribution networks.

Die durch die Erfindung gelöste Aufgabe besteht daher darin, die Leerlaufverluste in den Transformatoren durch möglichst geringe magnetische Widerstände zu minimieren und gleichzeitig den Kern gegenüber Witterungseinflüssen zu schützen.The problem solved by the invention is therefore to reduce the no-load losses in the transformers as much as possible to minimize low magnetic resistances and at the same time to protect the core against weather influences.

Es wird ein Kern für einen Transformator zur Verfügung gestellt, der eine Vielzahl gebogener Bleche umfasst. Die Bleche sind allesamt zu einer um eine Kernöffnung umlaufenden, den Kern bildenden Struktur verbunden, wobei sich jeweils die Blechenden eines jeden Blechs innerhalb des Kerns gegenseitig nicht berühren, sodass die Bleche an ihren jeweiligen Blechenden innerhalb des Kerns oder an einem Rand des Kerns mindestens einen Luftspalt mit dem Kern ausbilden. Erfindungsgemäß ist der Kern zumindest an den Blechenden der Bleche mit einem Lack imprägniert oder beschichtet, welcher magnetische Partikel enthält, wobei die Imprägnierung oder die Beschichtung zumindest die Luftspalte an den Blechenden der Bleche ausfüllt.A core for a transformer is provided that includes a plurality of bent laminations. The laminations are all connected to form a structure that runs around a core opening and forms the core, with the lamina ends of each lamina not touching each other within the core, so that the laminations have at least one at their respective lamina ends within the core or at an edge of the core Form an air gap with the core. According to the invention, the core is impregnated or coated at least at the sheet metal ends of the sheets with a lacquer containing magnetic particles, with the impregnation or the coating filling at least the air gaps at the sheet metal ends of the sheets.

Die Imprägnierung füllt also zumindest den Bereich der Luftspalte zwischen den Blechenden aus. Dies führt dazu, dass der Magnetfluss beim Übergang von einem Blechende durch den mit magnetischen Lack gefüllten Luftspalt zum nächsten Blechende nicht so stark ausgebaucht wird, wie es ohne magnetisch permeable Füllung, also etwa bei einer Füllung mit Öl oder Luft, der Fall wäre. Bei Verwendung eines erfindungsgemäßen Kerns verringert sich also der magnetische Widerstand eines Transformators. Mit anderen Worten ausgedrückt sind die Leerlaufverluste bei einem erfindungsgemäßen Kern verglichen mit denen von Kernen des Standes der Technik reduziert.The impregnation thus fills out at least the area of the air gaps between the sheet metal ends. This means that the magnetic flux does not bulge as much during the transition from one end of the sheet through the air gap filled with magnetic paint to the next end of the sheet as it would be without a magnetically permeable filling, i.e. if it was filled with oil or air. When using a core according to the invention, the magnetic resistance of a transformer is reduced. In other words, the no-load losses for a core according to the invention are reduced compared to those of prior art cores.

Erfindungsgemäß ist der gesamte Kern mit dem die magnetischen Partikel enthaltenden Lack imprägniert oder beschichtet. Die Imprägnierung beziehungsweise die Beschichtung wird also auf den gesamten Kern angewendet, wodurch der Kernfüllfaktor und damit die Effizienz des Transformators verbessert wird. Die durch die Imprägnierung beziehungsweise Beschichtung eingebrachten magnetischen Partikel verringern den magnetischen Widerstand des Kerns.According to the invention, the entire core is impregnated or coated with the paint containing the magnetic particles. The impregnation or coating is therefore applied to the entire core, which improves the core fill factor and thus the efficiency of the transformer. The through the impregnation or Coating introduced magnetic particles reduce the magnetic resistance of the core.

Vorzugsweise sind die magnetischen Partikel superparamagnetische Eisenoxid-Nanopartikel. Solche Nanopartikel sind derart klein, dass sie mit dem flüssigen Lack eine Suspension bilden und so mit dem flüssigen Lack auch in schmale Luftspalte eines Kerns eindringen.Preferably, the magnetic particles are superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. Such nanoparticles are so small that they form a suspension with the liquid paint and thus penetrate the narrow air gaps of a core with the liquid paint.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist der Lack ein Polyurethanlack. Ein solcher Lack zeichnet sich durch seine Härte und seine Korrosionsfestigkeit aus. Auch ist bei diesen Lacken eine Suspensionsbildung mit den superparamagnetischen Eisenoxid-Nanopartikeln möglich.In a preferred embodiment, the paint is a polyurethane paint. Such a paint is characterized by its hardness and its resistance to corrosion. Suspension formation with the superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles is also possible with these paints.

Vorzugsweise ist der Lack ein Lack auf Wasserbasis. Bei Verwendung eines Lacks auf Wasserbasis entfallen auch mögliche Umweltprobleme durch schädliche Lösungsmittel.Preferably, the paint is a water-based paint. Using a water-based paint also eliminates potential environmental problems from harmful solvents.

Bevorzugt ist der Kern aus im Wesentlichen U-förmigen Blechen zusammengesetzt, die derart ineinander verschoben angeordnet sind, dass die Schenkel eines U-förmigen Blechs jeweils mit einem Schenkel eines anderen U-förmigen Blechs zumindest teilweise in Kontakt stehen, wobei die die Schenkel dieser beiden Bleche verbindenden Abschnitte einander gegenüberliegend positioniert sind. Mit anderen Worten ausgedrückt handelt es sich bei dem Kern bevorzugt um einen Kern des Typs "Unicore duo" beziehungsweise um einen Kern des Typs "Tranco". Die Imprägnierung beziehungsweise Beschichtung solcher Kerntypen mit einem magnetische Partikel enthaltenden Lack ist besonders bevorzugt, da hier die durch die beiden Luftspalte einer Blechwindung entstehenden Leerlaufverluste weitgehend kompensiert werden können. Ferner kann bei diesem Typ Kern die Fertigung besser automatisiert, insbesondere der Kern automatisiert zusammengesteckt werden. Damit entfällt viel Handarbeit und es können größere Serien kostengünstig gefertigt werden. Das manuelle Einlegen von "Büchern", wie bei den Typen "Unicore single", entfällt hier also.The core is preferably composed of essentially U-shaped metal sheets which are arranged one inside the other in such a way that the legs of one U-shaped metal sheet are at least partially in contact with one leg of another U-shaped metal sheet, the legs of these two Plates connecting portions are positioned opposite each other. In other words, the core is preferably a core of the "Unicore duo" type or a core of the "Tranco" type. The impregnation or coating of such types of cores with a paint containing magnetic particles is particularly preferred, since the no-load losses occurring through the two air gaps of a sheet metal winding can be largely compensated for here. Furthermore, with this type of core, production can be better automated, in particular the core can be assembled in an automated manner. This eliminates a lot of manual work and larger series can be manufactured inexpensively. The manual insertion of "books", as with the "Unicore single" types, is not necessary here.

In einer ebenfalls bevorzugten Ausführungsform sind die Bleche des Kerns jeweils um die Kernöffnung herum verlaufend gebogen, wobei die Bleche jeweils an einer Stelle durch einen Luftspalt derart unterbrochen sind, dass an diesem Luftspalt die Blechenden einander gegenüberliegend ausgerichtet angeordnet sind. Mit anderen Worten ausgedrückt ist der Kern ebenfalls bevorzugt als Kern des Typs "Unicore single" ausgeführt. Auch bei einem Wickelkern des Typs "Unicore single", bei dem nur ein Luftspalt pro Blechwindung vorhanden ist, steigert eine Imprägnierung den Wirkungsgrad des Transformators. Die fertigungstechnischen Vorteile dieses Kerntyps bleiben erhalten.In a likewise preferred embodiment, the laminations of the core are each bent around the core opening, with the laminations each being interrupted at one point by an air gap in such a way that the lamina ends are arranged opposite one another at this air gap. In other words, the core is also preferably designed as a core of the “Unicore single” type. Impregnation also increases the efficiency of the transformer with a winding core of the "Unicore single" type, in which there is only one air gap per turn of sheet metal. The manufacturing advantages of this core type are retained.

Bevorzugt ist der Kern ein Wickelkern. Gerade bei einer Ausgestaltung als Wickelkern verhilft die Imprägnierung beziehungsweise Beschichtung mit dem die magnetischen Partikel aufweisenden Lack zu einer signifikanten Verbesserung der Effizienz des Transformators.The core is preferably a winding core. Particularly in the case of an embodiment as a winding core, the impregnation or coating with the paint containing the magnetic particles helps to significantly improve the efficiency of the transformer.

Bevorzugt ist der Kern ein Stapelkern. Auch bei Stapelkernen führt die oben beschriebene Lackierung zu einer Reduzierung der Leerlaufverluste. Mit anderen Worten ausgedrückt ist die Imprägnierung beziehungsweise die Beschichtung auch auf Stapelkerne anwendbar, die über die Bleche hinweg einen gemeinsamen Luftspalt besitzen. Dieser wird mit dem Lack, der magnetische Partikel enthält, gefüllt und damit der Wirkungsgrad des Transformators erhöht.The core is preferably a stacked core. The coating described above also leads to a reduction in no-load losses with stacked cores. In other words, the impregnation or the coating can also be used on stacked cores that have a common air gap across the sheets. This is filled with paint containing magnetic particles, thereby increasing the efficiency of the transformer.

Ferner wird vorteilhaft ein Transformator mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Kern zur Verfügung gestellt.Furthermore, a transformer with a core according to the invention is advantageously made available.

Des Weiteren wird ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Transformators zur Verfügung gestellt, welcher eine Vielzahl gebogener Bleche umfasst, die allesamt zu einer um eine Kernöffnung umlaufenden, den Kern bildenden Struktur verbindbar sind, wobei sich jeweils die Blechenden eines jeden Blechs innerhalb des verbundenen Kerns gegenseitig nicht berühren. Folglich bilden die Bleche an ihren jeweiligen Blechenden innerhalb des verbundenen Kerns oder an einem Rand des verbundenen Kerns mindestens einen Luftspalt mit dem verbundenen Kern aus. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren umfasst die folgenden Schritte: Hindurchführen der einzelnen Bleche durch mindestens eine Transformatorwicklung des Transformators. Verbinden der einzelnen Bleche zur Bereitstellung des verbundenen Kerns innerhalb des Transformators, sowie Imprägnieren oder Beschichten der Blechenden der Bleche mit einem Lack, welcher magnetische Partikel enthält, bis die Luftspalte an den Blechenden der Bleche mit dem Lack ausgefüllt sind. Imprägnieren oder Beschichten des gesamten Kerns mit dem die magnetischen Partikel enthaltenden Lack.Furthermore, a method for producing a transformer is provided, which comprises a large number of bent metal sheets, all of which can be connected to form a structure that runs around a core opening and forms the core, with the sheet metal ends of each sheet metal inside the connected core being mutually connected do not touch. Consequently, the laminations form at least one air gap with the bonded core at their respective lamina ends within the bonded core or at an edge of the bonded core. The method according to the invention comprises the following steps: passing the individual metal sheets through at least one transformer winding of the transformer. Connecting the individual laminations to provide the connected core within the transformer, and impregnating or coating the ends of the laminations with a lacquer containing magnetic particles until the air gaps at the ends of the laminations are filled with the lacquer. Impregnating or coating the entire core with the lacquer containing the magnetic particles.

Ferner bevorzugt wird der Lack auf die Blechenden aufgespritzt. In einer solchen Ausführung lässt sich die Imprägnierung beziehungsweise Beschichtung des Kerns besonders einfach, schnell und kostengünstig durchführen.Furthermore, the lacquer is preferably sprayed onto the ends of the sheet metal. In such an embodiment, the impregnation or coating of the core can be carried out particularly easily, quickly and inexpensively.

Des Weiteren bevorzugt erfolgt die Imprägnierung beziehungsweise Beschichtung des erfindungsgemäßen Kerns durch Aufspritzen des Lacks auf die Bleche des Kerns. Dazu wird bevorzugt eine Becherpistole benutzt.Furthermore, the impregnation or coating of the core according to the invention is preferably carried out by spraying the lacquer onto the sheets of the core. A cup gun is preferably used for this purpose.

Bei einem Trockentrafo-Produkt, also bei einem sogenannten Trockentransformator, schützt weder ein Gehäuse noch eine selektive oder ganzheitliche Beschichtung mit Öl vor Korrosion. Die Imprägnierung beziehungsweise Beschichtung des gesamten Kerns eines derartigen Transformators mit dem die magnetischen Partikel aufweisenden Lacks führt insbesondere hier auch dazu, dass ein Korrosionsschutz erreicht wird, da hier der Transformator und auch sein Kern der Witterung ausgesetzt sein können.With a dry transformer product, i.e. a so-called dry transformer, neither a housing nor a selective or holistic coating with oil protects against corrosion. The impregnation or coating of the entire core of such a transformer with the paint containing the magnetic particles leads here in particular to protection against corrosion being achieved since the transformer and its core can be exposed to the weather here.

In den Figuren sind verschiedene Kerne von Transformatoren beispielhaft gezeigt. Die Füllung der Luftspalte ist schematisch dargestellt. So zeigen:

Figur 1
einen Wickelkern vom Typ "Unicore single";
Figur 2
einen Wickelkern vom Typ "Unicore duo";
Figur 3
einen Stapelkern;
Figur 4
eine Wickelkern-Kombination Evans-Kern aus UnicoreKernen;
Figur 5
Ein- und Mehrphasentransformatoren mit Wickelkernen;
Figur 6
eine schematische Darstellung der Luftspaltfüllung und Isolierung.
Various cores of transformers are shown as examples in the figures. The filling of the air gaps is shown schematically. Show like this:
figure 1
a winding core of the "Unicore single"type;
figure 2
a winding core of the "Unicore duo"type;
figure 3
a stack core;
figure 4
a wound core combination Evans core made of Unicore cores;
figure 5
Single and multi-phase transformers with winding cores;
figure 6
a schematic representation of the air gap filling and insulation.

Figur 1 zeigt eine Schrägansicht auf einen aufgeblätterten, nicht vollständig zusammengefügten erfindungsgemäßen Kern 3 vom Typ "Unicore single" 7. Die Bleche 1 bilden den Kern 3, der sich um eine Kernöffnung 4 für eine Transformatorwicklung windet. Im zusammengefügten Zustand des Kerns 3 stoßen jeweils die beiden Blechenden 2 eines Blechs 1 mit einem geringen Luftspalt 5 aufeinander. Eine Füllung des Luftspalts 5 mit magnetischen Partikeln verringert den magnetischen Widerstand in der jeweiligen Blechwindung. Die Bleche 1 des Kerns 3 sind also jeweils um die Kernöffnung 4 herum verlaufend gebogen, wobei die Bleche 1 jeweils an einer Stelle durch einen Luftspalt 5 derart unterbrochen sind, dass an diesem Luftspalt 5 die Blechenden 2 einander gegenüberliegend ausgerichtet angeordnet sind. Mit anderen Worten ausgedrückt sind die Bleche 1 in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel C-förmig. Abermals mit anderen Worten beschrieben haben die Bleche 1 jeweils die Form einer an einer Stelle unterbrochenen Schlaufe. figure 1 shows an oblique view of a core 3 of the “Unicore single” type 7 which has been opened up and not fully assembled according to the invention. The laminations 1 form the core 3 which winds around a core opening 4 for a transformer winding. When the core 3 is in the assembled state, the two sheet metal ends 2 of a sheet metal 1 meet with a small air gap 5 . Filling the air gap 5 with magnetic particles reduces the magnetic resistance in the respective sheet metal winding. The laminations 1 of the core 3 are each bent around the core opening 4, with the laminations 1 each being interrupted at one point by an air gap 5 in such a way that the laminations 2 are aligned opposite one another at this air gap 5. In other words, the metal sheets 1 are C-shaped in this exemplary embodiment. Described again in other words, the metal sheets 1 each have the shape of a loop that is interrupted at one point.

Figur 2 zeigt eine Schrägansicht auf einen auseinandergezogenen, erfindungsgemäßen Kern 3 vom Typ "Unicore duo" 8. Die Bleche 1 bilden die Hälften des Kerns 3, die um die Kernöffnung 4 für eine Transformatorwicklung zusammengesteckt werden. Im zusammengefügten Zustand des Kerns 3 stoßen jeweils die Blechenden 2 eines Blechs 1 aus einer Hälfte mit einem geringen Luftspalt 5 auf die Blechenden 2 gegenüberliegender Bleche 1 aus der anderen Hälfte (die in Figur 2 als Luftspalt 5 gekennzeichneten Bereiche bezeichnen diejenigen Bereiche der Kernhälften, in welchen sich die Luftspalte 5 nach einer Zusammenfügung der Kernhälften ergeben). Somit sind bei diesem Kerntyp im zusammengebauten Zustand jeweils zwei Luftpalte 5 bei einer Blechwindung vorhanden. Eine Füllung des Luftspalts 5 mit magnetischen Partikeln verringert den magnetischen Widerstand in der jeweiligen Blechwindung. Mit anderen Worten ausgedrückt ist der Kern 3 in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel aus im Wesentlichen U-förmigen Blechen 1 zusammengesetzt, die im vollständig zusammengebauten Zustand des Kerns derart ineinander verschoben angeordnet sind, dass die Schenkel eines U-förmigen Blechs 1 jeweils mit einem Schenkel eines anderen U-förmigen Blechs 1 zumindest teilweise in Kontakt stehen, wobei die die Schenkel dieser beiden Bleche 1 verbindenden Abschnitte einander gegenüberliegend positioniert sind. figure 2 shows an oblique view of an exploded core 3 of the "Unicore duo" type 8 according to the invention. The sheets 1 form the halves of the core 3, which are plugged together around the core opening 4 for a transformer winding. Butt in the assembled state of the core 3 in each case the sheet metal ends 2 of a sheet metal 1 from one half with a small air gap 5 onto the sheet metal ends 2 of opposite metal sheets 1 from the other half (the in figure 2 Areas marked as air gap 5 designate those areas of the core halves in which the air gaps 5 result after the core halves have been joined together). Thus, in this type of core, in the assembled state, there are two air gaps 5 in each sheet metal turn. Filling the air gap 5 with magnetic particles reduces the magnetic resistance in the respective sheet metal winding. In other words, in this exemplary embodiment, the core 3 is composed of essentially U-shaped metal sheets 1, which, when the core is fully assembled, are arranged one inside the other in such a way that the legs of a U-shaped metal sheet 1 are each connected to a leg of another U -shaped sheet 1 are at least partially in contact, the portions connecting the legs of these two sheets 1 being positioned opposite one another.

In Figur 3 ist schematisch ein erfindungsgemäßer Stapelkern 9 dargestellt. Der aus zwei Hälften bestehende Kern 3 bildet eine Kernöffnung 4 für eine Transformatorwicklung. Der Kern 3 besitzt eine Vielzahl von aufeinandergestapelten Blechen 1, deren Blechenden 2 jeweils auf die Blechenden 2 des anderen Teils des Kerns 3 treffen. Damit bilden sich auch bei einem zusammengesetzten Kern 3 jeweils zwei Luftspalte 5 aus, die mit magnetischen Partikeln gefüllt werden können (die in Figur 5 als Luftspalt 5 gekennzeichneten Bereiche bezeichnen diejenigen Bereiche der Kernhälften, in welchen sich die Luftspalte 5 nach einer Zusammenfügung der Kernhälften ergeben). Auch bei diesem Kerntyp wird mit der beschriebenen Imprägnierung beziehungsweise Beschichtung der magnetische Widerstand des Transformators verringert und der Wirkungsgrad erhöht.In figure 3 a stack core 9 according to the invention is shown schematically. The core 3 consisting of two halves forms a core opening 4 for a transformer winding. The core 3 has a multiplicity of sheets 1 stacked on top of one another, the sheet metal ends 2 of which each meet the sheet metal ends 2 of the other part of the core 3 . Thus, even with a composite core 3, two air gaps 5 are formed, which can be filled with magnetic particles (the figure 5 Areas marked as air gap 5 designate those areas of the core halves in which the air gaps 5 result after the core halves have been joined together). With this core type, too, the impregnation or coating described reduces the magnetic resistance of the transformer and increases the efficiency.

Figur 4 zeigt eine Schrägansicht auf eine zusammengesetzte Wickelkern-Kombination, welche auch als "Evans-Core", also als "Evans-Kern" 10 bezeichnet wird. Der Evans-Kern umfasst mehrere Unicore-Kerne. Die beiden inneren Wickelkerne besitzen die Kernöffnungen 4 für Transformatorwicklungen. Der äußere Wickelkern 11 ist um die beiden inneren Wickelkerne 12 geschlungen. Alle Wickelkerne bei dieser Kern-Kombination bestehen aus einem der vorgenannten Kerntypen, deren Wirkungsgrad durch die Imprägnierung mit magnetischen Partikeln erhöht wird. figure 4 shows an oblique view of an assembled winding core combination, which is also called "Evans core", ie referred to as the "Evans core" 10 . The Evans core includes multiple Unicore cores. The two inner winding cores have the core openings 4 for transformer windings. The outer winding core 11 is wound around the two inner winding cores 12 . All winding cores in this core combination consist of one of the core types mentioned above, whose efficiency is increased by impregnation with magnetic particles.

In Figur 5 sind verschiedene Kombinationen von Kernen 3 gezeigt. In der ersten Darstellung befindet sich auf dem Kern 3 eine Transformatorwicklung 13. In der zweiten Darstellung umschlingt die Transformatorwicklung 13 zwei Kerne 3. In der dritten Darstellung ist ein Drei-Phasen-Transformator mit vier Kernen 3 gezeigt, wobei jede Transformatorwicklung 13 jeweils zwei Kerne 3 umschlingt.Bei allen Kombinationen können die Kerne 3 entsprechend der hier beschriebenen Ausführung imprägniert sein und damit das Einsatzgebiet des jeweiligen Transformators erweitert werden.In figure 5 different combinations of cores 3 are shown. In the first illustration, there is a transformer winding 13 on the core 3. In the second illustration, the transformer winding 13 wraps around two cores 3. The third illustration shows a three-phase transformer with four cores 3, with each transformer winding 13 having two cores 3 wraps around. In all combinations, the cores 3 can be impregnated in accordance with the embodiment described here, thus expanding the field of application of the respective transformer.

In Figur 6 zeigt eine schematische Querschnitts-Darstellung durch den in Figur 1 gezeigten erfindungsgemäßen Kern 3. Insbesondere ist in Figur 6 die Luftspaltfüllung dieses Kerns 3 gezeigt. Die Bleche 1 stoßen mit ihren Blechenden 2 aneinander, wobei sich jeweils ein Luftspalt 5 bildet. Diese Luftspalte 5 werden mit dem Lack 6 gefüllt, der magnetische Partikel enthält. Die gefüllten Luftspalte 5 besitzen so einen geringeren magnetischen Widerstand und damit verringern sich auch die Leerlaufverluste. Ferner ist die äußere Seite des Kerns 3 mit dem Lack 6 imprägniert (nicht dargestellt in Figur 6) und schützt damit den Kern 3 gegen Witterungseinflüsse. Ein solcher Kern 3 ist damit auch insbesondere bei Trockentrafo-Produkten vorteilhaft einsetzbar.In figure 6 shows a schematic cross-sectional view through the in figure 1 core 3 according to the invention shown. In particular, in figure 6 the air gap filling of this core 3 is shown. The metal sheets 1 abut one another with their metal sheet ends 2, with an air gap 5 forming in each case. These air gaps 5 are filled with paint 6 containing magnetic particles. The filled air gaps 5 thus have a lower magnetic resistance and the no-load losses are also reduced as a result. Furthermore, the outer side of the core 3 is impregnated with the varnish 6 (not shown in figure 6 ) and thus protects the core 3 against the weather. Such a core 3 can therefore also be used advantageously, in particular, in dry-type transformer products.

Obwohl die Erfindung im Detail durch bevorzugte Ausführungsbeispiele näher illustriert und beschrieben wurde, ist die Erfindung nicht durch die offenbarten Beispiele eingeschränkt und andere Variationen können vom Fachmann hieraus abgeleitet werden, ohne den Schutzumfang der Ansprüche zu verlassen.Although the invention has been illustrated and described in detail by way of preferred embodiments, the invention is not limited by the disclosed examples limited and other variations can be derived therefrom by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the claims.

BezugszeichenlisteReference List

11
Blechsheet
22
Blechendesheet end
33
Kerncore
44
Kernöffnungcore opening
55
Luftspaltair gap
66
Lackpaint
77
Unicore singleUnicore single
88th
Unicore duoUnicore duo
99
Stapelkernstack core
1010
Evans-KernEvans core
1111
äußerer Wickelkernouter winding core
1212
innerer Wickelkerninner winding core
1313
Transformatorwicklungtransformer winding

Claims (11)

  1. Core (3) for a transformer, which comprises a multiplicity of bent metal sheets (1) which are all bonded to form a structure, said structure running in an peripheral manner around a core opening (4) and forming the core (3), wherein there is no respective mutual contact of the metal-sheet ends (2) of each metal sheet (1) within the core (3), so that the metal sheets (1) form with the core (3) at least one air gap (5) at their respective metal-sheet ends (2) within the core (3) or at a border of the core (3), wherein, at least at the metal-sheet ends (2) of the metal sheets (1), the core (3) is impregnated or coated with a lacquer (6) that contains magnetic particles, and wherein the impregnation or the coating fills at least the air gaps (5) at the metal-sheet ends (2) of the metal sheets (1), characterized in that the entire core (3) is impregnated or coated with the lacquer (6) containing the magnetic particles.
  2. Core (3) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the magnetic particles are superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles.
  3. Core (3) according to either of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lacquer (6) is a polyurethane lacquer.
  4. Core (3) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lacquer (6) is a water-based lacquer.
  5. Core (3) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the core (3) is assembled from substantially U-shaped metal sheets (1) which are arranged so as to be displaced one inside the another in such a way that the limbs of a U-shaped metal sheet (1) are each at least partially in contact with a limb of another U-shaped metal sheet (1), wherein the portions connecting the limbs of these two metal sheets (1) are positioned so as to be situated opposite one another.
  6. Core (3) according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the metal sheets (1) of the core (3) are each bent so as to run around the core opening (4), wherein the metal sheets (1) are each interrupted at a position by an air gap (5) in such a way that, at said air gap (5), the metal-sheet ends (2) are arranged in a manner oriented so as to be situated opposite one another.
  7. Core (3) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the core (3) is a wound core.
  8. Core (3) according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the core (3) is a stacked core (9).
  9. Transformer having a core (3) according to one of Claims 1 to 8.
  10. Method for producing a transformer, which comprises a multiplicity of bent metal sheets (1) which are all able to be bonded to form a structure, said structure running in an peripheral manner around a core opening (4) and forming the core (3), wherein there is no respective mutual contact of the metal-sheet ends (2) of each metal sheet (1) within the bonded core (3), so that the metal sheets (1) form with the bonded core (3) at least one air gap (5) at their respective metal-sheet ends (2) within the bonded core (3) or at a border of the bonded core (3), wherein the method comprises the following steps:
    - passing the individual metal sheets (1) through at least one transformer winding (13) of the transformer;
    - bonding the individual metal sheets (1) for the purpose of providing the bonded core (3) within the transformer; and
    - impregnating or coating the metal-sheet ends (2) of the metal sheets (1) with a lacquer (6) that contains magnetic particles until the air gaps (5) at the metal-sheet ends (2) of the metal sheets (1) are filled with the lacquer (6);
    - impregnating or coating the entire core (3) with the lacquer (6) containing the magnetic particles.
  11. Method according to Claim 10, characterized in that the lacquer (6) is sprayed onto the metal-sheet ends (2).
EP19710339.3A 2018-03-01 2019-03-01 Core for a transformer Active EP3738133B1 (en)

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US2937351A (en) * 1956-02-13 1960-05-17 Palmer H Craig Magnetic amplifier
GB965741A (en) * 1962-03-02 1964-08-06 Core Mfg Company Transformer core
GB1173447A (en) * 1966-07-27 1969-12-10 Telcon Magnetic Cores Ltd Improvements in Magnetic Cores
JPS60245206A (en) * 1984-05-21 1985-12-05 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd Magnetic core
JP2897384B2 (en) * 1990-09-25 1999-05-31 松下電器産業株式会社 Electromagnetic device and method of manufacturing electromagnetic device
JP3312589B2 (en) * 1997-12-26 2002-08-12 日本鋼管株式会社 Manufacturing method of electrical steel sheet for bonded iron core with excellent adhesive strength, corrosion resistance and blocking resistance
CN101447312A (en) * 2008-05-30 2009-06-03 北京中机联供非晶科技股份有限公司 Gap-butt amorphous core with noise reduction function of epoxy coating
DE102009048659B3 (en) * 2009-09-29 2011-04-28 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft transformer core
WO2011091846A1 (en) * 2010-01-27 2011-08-04 Areva T&D Uk Limited Magnetic core
JP2012104725A (en) * 2010-11-12 2012-05-31 Panasonic Corp Dust core and coil component using it
US9601257B2 (en) * 2011-11-14 2017-03-21 Abb Schweiz Ag Wind-on core manufacturing method for split core configurations
JP2014072245A (en) * 2012-09-27 2014-04-21 Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd Powder magnetic core, electromagnetic component, and manufacturing method of powder magnetic core
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