EP3723991B1 - Method for producing a component having at least two colour layers for a motor vehicle - Google Patents

Method for producing a component having at least two colour layers for a motor vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3723991B1
EP3723991B1 EP18830142.8A EP18830142A EP3723991B1 EP 3723991 B1 EP3723991 B1 EP 3723991B1 EP 18830142 A EP18830142 A EP 18830142A EP 3723991 B1 EP3723991 B1 EP 3723991B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
carrier structure
colour layer
rear side
colour
regions
Prior art date
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Application number
EP18830142.8A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3723991A1 (en
Inventor
Andreas LÖFFLER
Hans-Joachim Ludwig
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rehau Automotive SE and Co KG
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Rehau Automotive SE and Co KG
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Publication of EP3723991A1 publication Critical patent/EP3723991A1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J3/00—Typewriters or selective printing or marking mechanisms characterised by the purpose for which they are constructed
    • B41J3/407—Typewriters or selective printing or marking mechanisms characterised by the purpose for which they are constructed for marking on special material
    • B41J3/4073—Printing on three-dimensional objects not being in sheet or web form, e.g. spherical or cubic objects
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
    • B05D5/06—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain multicolour or other optical effects
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B13/00—Machines or plants for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces of objects or other work by spraying, not covered by groups B05B1/00 - B05B11/00
    • B05B13/02—Means for supporting work; Arrangement or mounting of spray heads; Adaptation or arrangement of means for feeding work
    • B05B13/04—Means for supporting work; Arrangement or mounting of spray heads; Adaptation or arrangement of means for feeding work the spray heads being moved during spraying operation
    • B05B13/0431—Means for supporting work; Arrangement or mounting of spray heads; Adaptation or arrangement of means for feeding work the spray heads being moved during spraying operation with spray heads moved by robots or articulated arms, e.g. for applying liquid or other fluent material to 3D-surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D3/06—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to radiation
    • B05D3/061—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to radiation using U.V.
    • B05D3/065—After-treatment
    • B05D3/067—Curing or cross-linking the coating

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for producing a component for a motor vehicle that has at least two color layers, the color layers being applied to a thin-walled support structure that at least partially defines the geometry of the component, the support structure consisting of a transparent or translucent polymer material and already before the Application of the color layers has a three-dimensional geometry with at least one spatial curvature, the support structure having an outside that is visible in the intended use and a rear side opposite the outside, the at least two color layers being applied to the back of the support structure and consequently through the support structure are at least partially visible or recognizable on the outside, the support structure having a first area or first areas in which on the outside only one e The first color layer or only parts of a first color layer can be seen, and the carrier structure also has a second area or second areas in which only the at least one further color layer or only parts of the at least one further color layer can be seen on the outside.
  • the color layers are applied to the carrier structures before these carrier structures are brought into a three-dimensional form. Due to the subsequent reshaping or deformation of the carrier structure, however, it is not possible to clearly distinguish complex structures from one another through the layers of paint, since the reshaping or deformation process means that a complex structure (e.g. a color grid or parallel lines) can be manufactured precisely and, in particular, with repeat accuracy ) not possible is.
  • a masking template is therefore placed on the support structure in order to apply the first color layer, and this first color layer is then applied using a coating process (eg by spray painting).
  • this method step is time-consuming, the positioning is imprecise and sometimes it does not reliably prevent a partial co-coating (so-called overspray) of the second area.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to specify a method with the features described at the outset which, compared to the prior art, enables a component for a motor vehicle which has at least two layers of paint to be produced more quickly and reliably.
  • an inkjet printer and thus the inkjet printing method, for the coating and simultaneous masking of the first area makes it possible, in comparison to prior art methods, to apply a very precise masking with a high spatial resolution to the three-dimensionally preformed carrier structure.
  • a print head of the inkjet printer can be moved by means of a manipulator (e.g. by means of a robot or a traversing unit) are moved over the back of the support structure.
  • the support structure itself can be moved in relation to the print head by means of a manipulator.
  • the distance of the inkjet printer or the print head of the inkjet printer from the surface of the back is preferably between 3 mm and 50 mm.
  • the back of the component's carrier structure is also called the "second-surface" or B-side.
  • the support structure preferably has a three-dimensional geometry with at least two spatial curvatures.
  • the at least one further color layer can be applied to the second area or to the second areas on the rear side of the carrier structure by means of a coating process that differs from inkjet printing. Due to the fact that the first color layer applied by means of the inkjet printer already forms the masking on the carrier structure, a coating process can be selected for the at least one further color layer which has a greater area output (i.e. painted area per time) compared to inkjet printing.
  • the combination of very precise inkjet printing with a coating process with a larger surface area makes it possible to implement a process with high precision and high speed at the same time.
  • the different coating method can include a spray painting method or a spray painting method or a brush coating or a dip coating or a roller coating or a plating method, in particular a PVD method or a CVD method, or an electroplating method.
  • the curing and/or hardening of the first color layer can be enabled and/or accelerated at least partially by supplying energy.
  • UV-curing lacquers ie lacquers that harden with ultraviolet light
  • the first colored layer is preferably printed onto the back of the carrier structure with at least 100 dpi, preferably with at least 200 dpi, more preferably with at least 300 dpi.
  • dpi means "dots per inch”.
  • the second area or the second areas can be defined by a local surface irregularity or by local surface irregularities on the outside and/or on the back of the carrier structure. This surface irregularity or these surface irregularities can then be additionally highlighted visually by means of the at least one further color layer.
  • the method according to the invention with its exact and precise masking of the second area or areas (in particularly suitable in this case of surface irregularity(s) due to the first layer of paint or masking applied by means of an inkjet printer.
  • the local surface irregularity can be formed by an indentation or a bead or a groove or lettering sunk into the material of the support structure or a satin finish or a grain or a raised pattern and/or a pattern sunk into the material of the support structure, or the local surface irregularities can be formed by Beading and/or grooves and/or lettering sunk into the material of the support structure and/or satin finishes and/or Graining and/or raised patterns and/or patterns embedded in the material of the support structure can be formed.
  • the respective tolerance deviations in the real dimensions of the carrier structure from the ideal dimensions of the carrier structure are determined, and the printed image stored for the ideal dimensions of the carrier structure is converted using these determined tolerance deviations and adapted to these real dimensions, so that the first Color layer is applied in a manner corresponding to the ideal dimensions of the support structure on the intended first area or on the intended first areas.
  • the ideal dimensions of the carrier structure are preferably stored in a controller of the inkjet printer. More preferably, the print image for the ideal dimensions of the carrier structure is stored in or in a controller of the inkjet printer.
  • the tolerance deviations in the real dimensions of the carrier structure that cannot be ruled out due to the production process can be compensated for in this way.
  • this ensures that the masking (i.e. the first layer of paint) is in the right place or in the right places (e.g. around the surface irregularity/s ) is applied by the inkjet printer.
  • the tolerance deviation can be determined using an optical measuring method, in particular by means of an optical image acquisition and image evaluation and/or by means of a triangulation method and/or by means of a confocal measuring method.
  • the first colored layer and/or the at least one further colored layer can be or can be built up by a large number of individual layers. That means the first The colored layer and/or the at least one further colored layer can in particular be made up of at least two or more individual layers.
  • the at least one further colored layer can be formed by a metal coating, in particular by a chrome coating. Consequently, the at least one further color layer does not necessarily mean a lacquer layer, but can also mean a coating by a metal.
  • the first color layer and/or the at least one further color layer can be applied in several adjacent strips. Consequently, the first colored layer and/or the at least one further colored layer does not necessarily have to be applied to the carrier structure in one pass, but can also be applied in several tracks.
  • the adjacent webs can also overlap in their edge areas.
  • the webs can preferably have a width of between 5 mm and 300 mm.
  • the component can be an exterior component of a motor vehicle, in particular a bumper cladding or a radiator grille cladding or a fender cladding or an A, B, C or D pillar cladding or a spoiler outer skin or a sill cladding or a door outer cladding or a door flap outer cladding.
  • the component can be part of an exterior component of a motor vehicle, in particular a part of a bumper trim or a radiator grille trim or a fender trim or an A, B, C or D pillar trim or a spoiler outer skin or a rocker panel or a door outer trim or a door flap outer trim form.
  • the carrier structure can be produced or has been produced by means of a generative process (eg 3D printing) or in an injection molding process or by thermoforming.
  • the transparent or translucent polymer material of the support structure can include in particular polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene (e.g. PS, ABS, ASA), thermoplastic polyester (e.g. PET, PBT) or a biopolymer (e.g. cellulose acetate, polyhydroxybutyrate, polylactic acid, polyhydroxyalkaonate).
  • polycarbonate polymethyl methacrylate
  • polystyrene e.g. PS, ABS, ASA
  • thermoplastic polyester e.g. PET, PBT
  • a biopolymer e.g. cellulose acetate, polyhydroxybutyrate, polylactic acid, polyhydroxyalkaonate
  • Also part of the invention is a component that is produced using the method described above.
  • FIG. 1 to 5 describes a method for producing a component for a motor vehicle that has at least two color layers 1, 2.
  • the color layers 1, 2 are applied to a thin-walled carrier structure 3 that at least partially defines the geometry of the component.
  • the carrier structure 3 consists of a transparent or translucent polymer material and, even before the application of the colored layers 1, 2, has a three-dimensional geometry with at least one spatial curvature (cf. in particular Figures 1 to 4 ) on.
  • the carrier structure 3 has an outer side A that is visible when used as intended and a rear side B that is opposite the outer side A (cf. in particular 3 and 4 ) on.
  • the carrier structure 3 has a first region 6 or first regions 6, in which only a first color layer 1 or only parts of a first color layer 1 can be seen on the outside A (cf. in particular 3 ).
  • the carrier structure 3 also has a second region 8 or second regions 8 in which only the at least one further color layer 2 or only parts of the at least one further color layer 2 can be seen on the outside A (cf. in particular 4 ).
  • the at least one additional color layer 2 can also be additionally applied to the first color layer 1 , since this masks the first area 6 or the first areas 6 in front of the at least one additional color layer 2 .
  • an inkjet printer 10 which, to form the first color layer 1, uses a liquid or powdered pigment ink or a applies liquid or powdered dye ink to the back B of the support structure 3, a print head of the inkjet printer 10 can be moved over the back B of the support structure 3 by means of a manipulator (eg by means of a robot or a traversing unit).
  • a manipulator eg by means of a robot or a traversing unit.
  • the support structure 3 itself can be moved in relation to the print head by means of a manipulator.
  • the at least one further color layer 2 is applied to the second area 8 or to the second areas 8 on the rear side B of the carrier structure 3 by means of a coating process that differs from inkjet printing.
  • the different coating method can include a spray painting method or a spray painting method or a brush coating or a dip coating or a roller coating or a plating method, in particular a PVD method or a CVD method, or an electroplating method.
  • the hardening and/or hardening is at least partially made possible and/or accelerated by the supply of energy.
  • a UV curing material is preferably used for the pigment ink or for the dye ink.
  • the first color layer 1 is printed onto the rear side B of the carrier structure 3 with at least 100 dpi, preferably with at least 200 dpi, more preferably with at least 300 dpi.
  • the second area 8 is or the second areas 8 are defined by a local surface irregularity 12 or by local surface irregularities 12 on the outside A and/or on the back B of the carrier structure 3 (cf. 3 and 4 ).
  • the local surface irregularity 12 is formed by an indentation or a bead or a groove or lettering sunk into the material of the support structure or a satin finish or a grain or a raised pattern and/or a pattern sunk into the material of the support structure 3, or the local surface irregularities 12 are formed by beads and/or grooves and/or lettering and/or satin finishes and/or graining and/or raised patterns and/or patterns embedded in the material of the support structure.
  • the respective tolerance deviations in the real dimensions of the carrier structure 3 from the ideal dimensions of the carrier structure 3, preferably stored in a controller of the inkjet printer 10, are determined, and that for the ideal dimensions the carrier structure 3, preferably in the controller, stored print image converted based on these determined tolerance deviations and adapted to these real dimensions, so that the first color layer 1 in a manner corresponding to the ideal dimensions of the carrier structure 3 on the provided first area 6 or applied to the first areas 6 provided.
  • the tolerance deviation can be determined using an optical measuring method, in particular by means of an optical image acquisition and image evaluation and/or by means of a triangulation method and/or by means of a confocal measuring method.
  • the first colored layer 1 and/or the at least one further colored layer 2 can be made up of a large number of individual layers (i.e. in particular of at least two individual layers).
  • the at least one further color layer 2 can be formed by a metal coating, in particular by a chrome coating.
  • the first color layer 1 is applied in several adjacent strips T (cf. figure 5 ).
  • the component can be an exterior component of a motor vehicle, in particular a bumper cladding or a radiator grille cladding or a fender cladding or an A, B, C or D pillar cladding or a spoiler outer skin or a sill cladding or a door outer cladding or a door flap outer cladding, or a Form part of the aforementioned components.
  • the carrier structure 3 can be produced or has been produced by means of a generative process (e.g. 3D printing) or in an injection molding process or by thermoforming.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines wenigstens zwei Farbschichten aufweisenden Bauteils für ein Kraftfahrzeug, wobei die Farbschichten auf einer dünnwandigen, die Geometrie des Bauteils zumindest teilweise definierenden Trägerstruktur aufgebracht werden, wobei die Trägerstruktur aus einem transparenten oder transluzenten Polymermaterial besteht und bereits vor dem Auftragen der Farbschichten eine dreidimensional ausgebildete Geometrie mit wenigstens einer Raumkrümmung aufweist, wobei die Trägerstruktur eine in der bestimmungsgemäßen Verwendung sichtbare Außenseite und eine der Außenseite gegenüberliegende Rückseite aufweist, wobei die wenigstens zwei Farbschichten auf die Rückseite der Trägerstruktur aufgebracht werden und infolge durch die Trägerstruktur hindurch auf der Außenseite zumindest abschnittsweise sichtbar oder erkennbar sind, wobei die Trägerstruktur einen ersten Bereich oder erste Bereiche aufweist, bei denen auf der Außenseite nur eine erste Farbschicht oder nur Teile einer ersten Farbschicht erkennbar sind, und wobei die Trägerstruktur ferner einen zweiten Bereich oder zweite Bereiche aufweist bei denen auf der Außenseite nur die wenigstens eine weitere Farbschicht oder nur Teile der wenigstens einen weiteren Farbschicht erkennbar sind.The present invention relates to a method for producing a component for a motor vehicle that has at least two color layers, the color layers being applied to a thin-walled support structure that at least partially defines the geometry of the component, the support structure consisting of a transparent or translucent polymer material and already before the Application of the color layers has a three-dimensional geometry with at least one spatial curvature, the support structure having an outside that is visible in the intended use and a rear side opposite the outside, the at least two color layers being applied to the back of the support structure and consequently through the support structure are at least partially visible or recognizable on the outside, the support structure having a first area or first areas in which on the outside only one e The first color layer or only parts of a first color layer can be seen, and the carrier structure also has a second area or second areas in which only the at least one further color layer or only parts of the at least one further color layer can be seen on the outside.

Bei aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Verfahren erfolgt das Aufbringen der Farbschichten auf die Trägerstrukturen bevor diese Trägerstrukturen in eine dreidimensionale Form gebracht werden. Durch die nachträgliche Umformung bzw. Verformung der Trägerstruktur ist es jedoch nicht möglich komplexe Strukturen durch die Farbschichten scharf voneinander abzugrenzen, da durch den Umformungs- bzw. Verformungsvorgang eine genaue, und insbesondere wiederholgenaue, Fertigung einer komplexen Struktur (z.B. eines Farbgitters oder zueinander paralleler Linien) nicht möglich ist. Bei bereits dreidimensional vorgeformten Trägerstrukturen wird daher zum Aufbringen der ersten Farbschicht eine Maskierschablone auf der Trägerstruktur abgelegt und dann mit einem Beschichtungsverfahren (z.B. durch eine Sprühlackierung) diese erste Farbschicht aufgebracht. Dieser Verfahrensschritt ist jedoch zeitaufwendig, ungenau in der Positionierung und verhindert mitunter eine teilweise Mitbeschichtung (sog. Overspray) des zweiten Bereiches nicht zuverlässig.In the case of methods known from the prior art, the color layers are applied to the carrier structures before these carrier structures are brought into a three-dimensional form. Due to the subsequent reshaping or deformation of the carrier structure, however, it is not possible to clearly distinguish complex structures from one another through the layers of paint, since the reshaping or deformation process means that a complex structure (e.g. a color grid or parallel lines) can be manufactured precisely and, in particular, with repeat accuracy ) not possible is. In the case of support structures that are already three-dimensionally preformed, a masking template is therefore placed on the support structure in order to apply the first color layer, and this first color layer is then applied using a coating process (eg by spray painting). However, this method step is time-consuming, the positioning is imprecise and sometimes it does not reliably prevent a partial co-coating (so-called overspray) of the second area.

Weitere Dokumente, die derartige oder ähnliche Verfahren beschreiben, sind in den Schriften JP 2010 274754 A , WO 2013/083667 A2 , DE 20 2004 011153 U1 , WO 00/78520 A1 oder US 2009/169719 A1 offenbart.Other documents describing such or similar methods are in the documents JP 2010 274754A , WO 2013/083667 A2 , DE 20 2004 011153 U1 , WO 00/78520 A1 or U.S. 2009/169719 A1 disclosed.

Die Erfindung stellt sich daher die Aufgabe ein Verfahren mit den eingangs beschriebenen Merkmalen anzugeben, das gegenüber dem Stand der Technik die schnellere und zuverlässigere Herstellung eines wenigstens zwei Farbschichten aufweisenden Bauteils für ein Kraftfahrzeug ermöglicht.The object of the invention is therefore to specify a method with the features described at the outset which, compared to the prior art, enables a component for a motor vehicle which has at least two layers of paint to be produced more quickly and reliably.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch folgendes Verfahren gelöst:
Verfahren zur Herstellung eines wenigstens zwei Farbschichten aufweisenden Bauteils für ein Kraftfahrzeug, wobei die Farbschichten auf einer dünnwandigen, die Geometrie des Bauteils zumindest teilweise definierenden Trägerstruktur aufgebracht werden, wobei die Trägerstruktur aus einem transparenten oder transluzenten Polymermaterial besteht und bereits vor dem Auftragen der Farbschichten eine dreidimensional ausgebildete Geometrie mit wenigstens einer Raumkrümmung aufweist, wobei die Trägerstruktur eine in der bestimmungsgemäßen Verwendung sichtbare Außenseite und eine der Außenseite gegenüberliegende Rückseite aufweist, wobei die wenigstens zwei Farbschichten auf die Rückseite der Trägerstruktur aufgebracht werden und infolge durch die Trägerstruktur hindurch auf der Außenseite zumindest abschnittsweise sichtbar oder erkennbar sind, wobei die Trägerstruktur einen ersten Bereich oder erste Bereiche aufweist, bei denen auf der Außenseite nur eine erste Farbschicht oder nur Teile einer ersten Farbschicht erkennbar sind, und wobei die Trägerstruktur ferner einen zweiten Bereich oder zweite Bereiche aufweist bei denen auf der Außenseite nur die wenigstens eine weitere Farbschicht oder nur Teile der wenigstens einen weiteren Farbschicht erkennbar sind, wobei das Verfahren folgende Schrittreihenfolge aufweist:

  • Beschichten und gleichzeitiges Maskieren des ersten Bereichs oder der ersten Bereiche durch das Aufbringen der ersten Farbschicht auf der Rückseite der dreidimensional ausgebildeten Trägerstruktur mittels eines Tintenstrahldruckers, der zur Ausbildung der ersten Farbschicht eine flüssige oder pulverförmige Pigmenttinte oder eine flüssige oder pulverförmige Farbstofftinte auf die Rückseite der Trägerstruktur aufbringt,
  • zeitgleiches oder nachfolgendes Aushärten und/oder Verfestigen der ersten Farbschicht, wobei das Aushärten und/oder Verfestigen teilweise, partiell oder vollständig erfolgt,
  • Aufbringen der wenigstens einen weiteren Farbschicht zumindest auf den unmaskierten zweiten Bereich oder zumindest auf die unmaskierten zweiten Bereiche auf der Rückseite der Trägerstruktur.
This task is solved by the following procedure:
Process for producing a component for a motor vehicle that has at least two colored layers, the colored layers being applied to a thin-walled carrier structure that at least partially defines the geometry of the component, the carrier structure consisting of a transparent or translucent polymer material and having a three-dimensional shape even before the colored layers are applied formed geometry with at least one spatial curvature, wherein the carrier structure has an outside that is visible in the intended use and a rear side opposite the outside, the at least two color layers being applied to the rear side of the carrier structure and as a result being visible at least in sections through the carrier structure on the outside or are recognizable, the carrier structure having a first area or first areas in which on the outside only a first color layer or only parts of an e first layer of paint visible and wherein the carrier structure also has a second area or second areas in which only the at least one additional color layer or only parts of the at least one additional color layer can be seen on the outside, the method having the following sequence of steps:
  • Coating and simultaneous masking of the first area or areas by applying the first color layer to the back of the three-dimensionally formed support structure using an inkjet printer which, to form the first color layer, applies a liquid or powdered pigment ink or a liquid or powdered dye ink to the back of the support structure raises
  • Simultaneous or subsequent curing and/or solidification of the first paint layer, with the curing and/or solidification being partial, partial or complete,
  • Application of the at least one further color layer at least to the unmasked second area or at least to the unmasked second areas on the back of the carrier structure.

Die Verwendung eines Tintenstrahldruckers, und somit des Tintenstrahldruckverfahrens, für die Beschichtung und gleichzeitige Maskierung des ersten Bereiches ermöglicht es, im Vergleich zu Verfahren des Stands der Technik, eine sehr präzise Maskierung mit einer hohen Ortsauflösung auf der dreidimensional vorgeformten Trägerstruktur aufzubringen. Bei dem Beschichten und gleichzeitigen Maskieren des ersten Bereichs oder der ersten Bereiche durch das Aufbringen der ersten Farbschicht auf der Rückseite der dreidimensional ausgebildeten Trägerstruktur mittels eines Tintenstrahldruckers, der zur Ausbildung der ersten Farbschicht eine flüssige oder pulverförmige Pigmenttinte oder eine flüssige oder pulverförmige Farbstofftinte auf die Rückseite der Trägerstruktur aufbringt, kann ein Druckkopf des Tintenstrahldruckers mittels eines Manipulators (z.B. mittels eines Roboters oder einer Verfahreinheit) über die Rückseite der Trägerstruktur bewegt werden. Alternativ oder in Kombination kann die Trägerstruktur selbst in Relation zu dem Druckkopf mittels eines Manipulators bewegt werden. Der Abstand des Tintenstrahldruckers bzw. des Druckkopfs des Tintenstrahldruckers von der Oberfläche der Rückseite liegt bevorzugt zwischen 3 mm und 50 mm.The use of an inkjet printer, and thus the inkjet printing method, for the coating and simultaneous masking of the first area makes it possible, in comparison to prior art methods, to apply a very precise masking with a high spatial resolution to the three-dimensionally preformed carrier structure. During the coating and simultaneous masking of the first area or the first areas by applying the first color layer to the back of the three-dimensional carrier structure using an inkjet printer, to form the first color layer, a liquid or powdered pigment ink or a liquid or powdered dye ink on the back of the support structure, a print head of the inkjet printer can be moved by means of a manipulator (e.g. by means of a robot or a traversing unit) are moved over the back of the support structure. Alternatively or in combination, the support structure itself can be moved in relation to the print head by means of a manipulator. The distance of the inkjet printer or the print head of the inkjet printer from the surface of the back is preferably between 3 mm and 50 mm.

Die Rückseite der Trägerstruktur des Bauteils wird auch "second-surface" oder B-Seite genannt. Die Trägerstruktur weist bevorzugt eine dreidimensional ausgebildete Geometrie mit wenigstens zwei Raumkrümmungen auf.The back of the component's carrier structure is also called the "second-surface" or B-side. The support structure preferably has a three-dimensional geometry with at least two spatial curvatures.

Das Aufbringen der wenigstens einen weiteren Farbschicht auf den zweiten Bereich oder auf die zweiten Bereiche auf der Rückseite der Trägerstruktur kann mittels eines sich vom Tintenstrahldrucken unterscheidenden Beschichtungsverfahren erfolgen. Aufgrund dessen, dass die mittels des Tintenstrahldruckers aufgebrachte erste Farbschicht bereits die Maskierung auf der Trägerstruktur ausbildet, kann für die wenigstens eine weitere Farbschicht ein Beschichtungsverfahren gewählt werden, welches eine im Vergleich zum Tintenstrahldruck größere Flächenleistung (also lackierte Fläche pro Zeit) aufweist. Durch die Kombination des sehr präzisen Tintenstrahldrucks mit einem Beschichtungsverfahren mit größerer Flächenleistung lässt sich ein Verfahren mit hoher Genauigkeit und gleichzeitig hoher Geschwindigkeit realisieren.The at least one further color layer can be applied to the second area or to the second areas on the rear side of the carrier structure by means of a coating process that differs from inkjet printing. Due to the fact that the first color layer applied by means of the inkjet printer already forms the masking on the carrier structure, a coating process can be selected for the at least one further color layer which has a greater area output (i.e. painted area per time) compared to inkjet printing. The combination of very precise inkjet printing with a coating process with a larger surface area makes it possible to implement a process with high precision and high speed at the same time.

Das abweichende Beschichtungsverfahren kann ein Spritzlackierverfahren oder ein Sprühlackierverfahren oder eine Streichlackierung oder eine Tauchlackierung oder eine Walzenlackierung oder ein Plattierungsverfahren, insbesondere ein PVD-Verfahren oder ein CVD-Verfahren, oder ein galvanisches Abscheidungsverfahren umfassen.The different coating method can include a spray painting method or a spray painting method or a brush coating or a dip coating or a roller coating or a plating method, in particular a PVD method or a CVD method, or an electroplating method.

Das Aushärten und/oder Verfestigen der ersten Farbschicht kann zumindest teilweise durch Energiezufuhr ermöglicht und/oder beschleunigt werden. Es können insbesondere UV härtende Lacke (also Lacke die durch ultraviolettes Licht aushärten) verwendet werden. Bevorzugt ist in diesem Fall wenigstens eine UV-Lichtquelle mit dem Tintenstahldrucker bzw. mit dem Druckkopf des Tintenstrahldruckers gekoppelt. Weiter bevorzugt befindet sich in jeder Bewegungsrichtung (insbesondere in der Vor- und Rückwärtsrichtung) des Druckkopfes eine in der jeweiligen Bewegungsrichtung vorlaufend angeordnete UV-Lichtquelle an dem Tintenstrahldrucker bzw. an dem Druckkopf.The curing and/or hardening of the first color layer can be enabled and/or accelerated at least partially by supplying energy. In particular, UV-curing lacquers (ie lacquers that harden with ultraviolet light) can be used. In this case, at least one UV light source with the ink jet printer or coupled to the printhead of the inkjet printer. More preferably, in each direction of movement (in particular in the forward and backward direction) of the print head, there is a UV light source arranged in advance in the respective direction of movement on the inkjet printer or on the print head.

Die erste Farbschicht wird bevorzugt mit wenigsten 100 dpi, bevorzugt mit wenigstens 200 dpi, weiter bevorzugt mit wenigsten 300 dpi auf die Rückseite der Trägerstruktur aufgedruckt.The first colored layer is preferably printed onto the back of the carrier structure with at least 100 dpi, preferably with at least 200 dpi, more preferably with at least 300 dpi.

Wobei dpi die Punktdichte "dots per inch", also "Punkte pro Zoll" bedeutet.Where dpi means "dots per inch".

Der zweite Bereich oder die zweiten Bereiche kann oder können durch eine lokale Oberflächenunregelmäßigkeit oder durch lokale Oberflächenunregelmäßigkeiten auf der Außenseite und/oder auf der Rückseite der Trägerstruktur vorgegeben sein. Diese Oberflächenunregelmäßigkeit oder diese Oberflächenunregelmäßigkeiten können dann mittels der wenigstens einen weiteren Farbschicht zusätzlich visuell hervorgehoben werden.The second area or the second areas can be defined by a local surface irregularity or by local surface irregularities on the outside and/or on the back of the carrier structure. This surface irregularity or these surface irregularities can then be additionally highlighted visually by means of the at least one further color layer.

Da hierbei die wenigstens eine weitere Farbschicht exakt auf die Oberflächenunregelmäßigkeit oder die Oberflächenunregelmäßigkeiten aufgebracht werden muss/müssen und das Druckbild nicht gegenüber der Oberflächenunregelmäßigkeit oder gegenüber den Oberflächenunregelmäßigkeiten verrutschen darf, ist das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren mit seiner exakten und präzisen Maskierung des oder dieser zweiten Bereiche (in diesem Fall der Oberflächenunregelmäßigkeit/en) durch die mittels eines Tintenstrahldruckers aufgebrachte erste Farbschicht bzw. Maskierung besonders geeignet.Since the at least one further color layer must be applied exactly to the surface irregularity or irregularities and the printed image must not slip in relation to the surface irregularity or irregularities, the method according to the invention with its exact and precise masking of the second area or areas (in particularly suitable in this case of surface irregularity(s) due to the first layer of paint or masking applied by means of an inkjet printer.

Die lokale Oberflächenunregelmäßigkeit kann durch eine Vertiefung oder eine Sicke oder eine Rille oder einen im Material der Trägerstruktur versenkten Schriftzug oder eine Satinierung oder eine Narbung oder ein erhabenes Muster und/oder ein im Material der Trägerstruktur versenktes Muster gebildet sein, oder die lokalen Oberflächenunregelmäßigkeiten können durch Sicken und/oder Rillen und/oder einen im Material der Trägerstruktur versenkten Schriftzug und/oder Satinierungen und/oder Narbungen und/oder erhabene Muster und/oder im Material der Trägerstruktur versenkte Muster gebildet sein.The local surface irregularity can be formed by an indentation or a bead or a groove or lettering sunk into the material of the support structure or a satin finish or a grain or a raised pattern and/or a pattern sunk into the material of the support structure, or the local surface irregularities can be formed by Beading and/or grooves and/or lettering sunk into the material of the support structure and/or satin finishes and/or Graining and/or raised patterns and/or patterns embedded in the material of the support structure can be formed.

Erfindungsgemäß wird vor oder während des Schritts des Aufbringens der ersten Farbschicht die jeweiligen Toleranzabweichungen in den Realabmessungen der Trägerstruktur zu den Idealabmessungen der Trägerstruktur ermittelt, und das zu den Idealabmessungen der Trägerstruktur hinterlegte Druckbild anhand dieser ermittelten Toleranzabweichungen umgerechnet und an diese Realabmessungen angepasst, sodass die erste Farbschicht in einer zu den Idealabmessungen der Trägerstruktur entsprechenden Weise auf dem vorgesehenen ersten Bereich oder auf den vorgesehenen ersten Bereichen aufgebracht wird. Vorzugsweise sind die Idealabmessungen der Trägerstruktur in einer Steuerung des Tintenstrahldruckers hinterlegten. Weiter vorzugsweise ist in der oder in einer Steuerung des Tintenstrahldruckers das Druckbild zu den Idealabmessungen der Trägerstruktur hinterlegt. Die aufgrund des Herstellungsprozesses (beispielsweise in einem generativen Verfahren oder im Spritzguß oder durch eine Thermoformung) nicht auszuschließenden Toleranzabweichungen in den Realabmessungen der Trägerstruktur lassen sich hierdurch kompensieren. Insbesondere für den Fall, dass eine vorstehend beschriebene Oberflächenunregelmäßigkeit oder vorstehend beschriebene Oberflächenunregelmäßigkeiten maskiert werden müssen, bleibt so gewährleistet, dass die Maskierung (also die erste Farbschicht) an der richtigen Stelle oder an den richtigen Stellen (also zum Beispiel um die Oberflächenunregelmäßigkeit/en herum) von dem Tintenstrahldrucker aufgebracht wird.According to the invention, before or during the step of applying the first color layer, the respective tolerance deviations in the real dimensions of the carrier structure from the ideal dimensions of the carrier structure are determined, and the printed image stored for the ideal dimensions of the carrier structure is converted using these determined tolerance deviations and adapted to these real dimensions, so that the first Color layer is applied in a manner corresponding to the ideal dimensions of the support structure on the intended first area or on the intended first areas. The ideal dimensions of the carrier structure are preferably stored in a controller of the inkjet printer. More preferably, the print image for the ideal dimensions of the carrier structure is stored in or in a controller of the inkjet printer. The tolerance deviations in the real dimensions of the carrier structure that cannot be ruled out due to the production process (for example in a generative process or in injection molding or by thermoforming) can be compensated for in this way. In particular, in the event that a surface irregularity or surface irregularities described above must be masked, this ensures that the masking (i.e. the first layer of paint) is in the right place or in the right places (e.g. around the surface irregularity/s ) is applied by the inkjet printer.

Die Toleranzabweichung kann anhand eines optischen Messverfahrens, insbesondere mittels einer optischen Bilderfassung und Bildauswertung und/oder mittels eines Triangulationsverfahrens und/oder mittels eines Konfokalmessverfahrens ermittelt werden.The tolerance deviation can be determined using an optical measuring method, in particular by means of an optical image acquisition and image evaluation and/or by means of a triangulation method and/or by means of a confocal measuring method.

Die erste Farbschicht und/oder die wenigstens eine weitere Farbschicht kann in sich durch eine Vielzahl von Einzelschichten aufgebaut werden oder aufgebaut sein. Das heißt die erste Farbschicht und/oder die wenigstens eine weitere Farbschicht kann insbesondere aus wenigstens zwei oder mehr Einzelschichten aufgebaut sein.The first colored layer and/or the at least one further colored layer can be or can be built up by a large number of individual layers. That means the first The colored layer and/or the at least one further colored layer can in particular be made up of at least two or more individual layers.

Die wenigsten eine weitere Farbschicht kann durch eine Metallbeschichtung, insbesondere durch eine Chrombeschichtung, gebildet werden. Unter der wenigstens einen weiteren Farbschicht ist folglich nicht zwingend eine Lackschicht zu verstehen, sondern kann auch eine Beschichtung durch ein Metall gemeint sein.The at least one further colored layer can be formed by a metal coating, in particular by a chrome coating. Consequently, the at least one further color layer does not necessarily mean a lacquer layer, but can also mean a coating by a metal.

Die erste Farbschicht und/oder die wenigstens eine weitere Farbschicht kann in mehreren, nebeneinanderliegenden Bahnen aufgebracht werden. Die erste Farbschicht und/oder die wenigstens eine weitere Farbschicht müssen folglich nicht zwingend in einem Durchlauf auf die Trägerstruktur aufgebracht werden, sondern können auch in mehreren Bahnen aufgebracht werden. Die nebeneinanderliegenden Bahnen können sich hierbei auch in ihren Randbereichen überlappen. Die Bahnen können bevorzugt eine Breite zwischen 5 mm bis 300 mm aufweisen.The first color layer and/or the at least one further color layer can be applied in several adjacent strips. Consequently, the first colored layer and/or the at least one further colored layer does not necessarily have to be applied to the carrier structure in one pass, but can also be applied in several tracks. The adjacent webs can also overlap in their edge areas. The webs can preferably have a width of between 5 mm and 300 mm.

Das Bauteil kann ein Exterieur-Bauteil eines Kraftfahrzeuges, insbesondere eine Stoßfängerverkleidung oder eine Kühlergrillverkleidung oder eine Kotflügelverkleidung oder eine A-, B-, C-, oder D-Säulenverkleidung oder eine Spoileraußenhaut oder eine Schwellerverkleidung oder eine Türaußenverkleidung oder eine Türklappenaußenverkleidung sein.The component can be an exterior component of a motor vehicle, in particular a bumper cladding or a radiator grille cladding or a fender cladding or an A, B, C or D pillar cladding or a spoiler outer skin or a sill cladding or a door outer cladding or a door flap outer cladding.

Das Bauteil kann einen Bestandteil eines Exterieur-Bauteils eines Kraftfahrzeuges, insbesondere einen Bestandteil einer Stoßfängerverkleidung oder einer Kühlergrillverkleidung oder einer Kotflügelverkleidung oder einer A-, B-, C-, oder D-Säulenverkleidung oder einer Spoileraußenhaut oder einer Schwellerverkleidung oder einer Türaußenverkleidung oder einer Türklappenaußenverkleidung bilden.The component can be part of an exterior component of a motor vehicle, in particular a part of a bumper trim or a radiator grille trim or a fender trim or an A, B, C or D pillar trim or a spoiler outer skin or a rocker panel or a door outer trim or a door flap outer trim form.

Die Trägerstruktur kann mittels eines generativen Verfahrens (z.B. 3D-Druck) oder im Spritzgußverfahren oder durch eine Thermoformung hergestellt werden oder hergestellt sein.The carrier structure can be produced or has been produced by means of a generative process (eg 3D printing) or in an injection molding process or by thermoforming.

Das transparente oder transluzente Polymermaterial der Trägerstruktur kann insbesondere Polycarbonat, Polymethylmethacrylat, Polystyrol (beispielsweise PS, ABS, ASA), thermoplastisches Polyester (beispielsweise PET, PBT) oder ein Bioplymer (beispielsweise Zelluloseacetat, Polyhydroxybutyrat, Polymilchsäure, Polyhydroxyalkaonat) umfassen.The transparent or translucent polymer material of the support structure can include in particular polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene (e.g. PS, ABS, ASA), thermoplastic polyester (e.g. PET, PBT) or a biopolymer (e.g. cellulose acetate, polyhydroxybutyrate, polylactic acid, polyhydroxyalkaonate).

Weiterhin Teil der Erfindung ist ein Bauteil das mit dem vorstehend beschriebenen Verfahren hergestellt ist.Also part of the invention is a component that is produced using the method described above.

Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand lediglich Ausführungsbeispiele darstellender Zeichnungen erläutert. Es zeigen schematisch:

Fig. 1
den Verfahrensschritt des Beschichtens und gleichzeitigen Maskierens des ersten Bereichs durch das Aufbringen der ersten Farbschicht;
Fig. 2
Darstellung des Druckkopfes des Tintenstrahldruckers während des Beschichtens der Rückseite der Trägerstruktur;
Fig. 3
Querschnittsdarstellung der Trägerstruktur nach dem Aufbringen der ersten Farbschicht;
Fig. 4
Querschnittsdarstellung der Trägerstruktur nach dem Aufbringen der wenigstens einen weiteren Farbschicht;
Fig. 5
Aufbringung der erste Farbschicht in mehreren, nebeneinanderliegenden Bahnen.
The invention is explained below with reference to drawings that merely show exemplary embodiments. They show schematically:
1
the step of coating and simultaneously masking the first area by applying the first layer of paint;
2
Representation of the print head of the inkjet printer during the coating of the back of the support structure;
3
Cross-sectional representation of the carrier structure after the application of the first color layer;
4
Cross-sectional representation of the carrier structure after the application of the at least one further color layer;
figure 5
Application of the first layer of paint in several adjacent strips.

In den Figuren werden gleiche oder funktionsgleiche Elemente mit den gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen.Elements that are the same or have the same function are provided with the same reference symbols in the figures.

In den Fig. 1 bis 5 wird ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines wenigstens zwei Farbschichten 1, 2 aufweisenden Bauteils für ein Kraftfahrzeug beschrieben. Die Farbschichten 1, 2 werden hierbei auf einer dünnwandigen, die Geometrie des Bauteils zumindest teilweise definierenden Trägerstruktur 3 aufgebracht. Die Trägerstruktur 3 besteht aus einem transparenten oder transluzenten Polymermaterial und weist bereits vor dem Auftragen der Farbschichten 1, 2 eine dreidimensional ausgebildete Geometrie mit wenigstens einer Raumkrümmung (vgl. insbesondere Fig. 1 bis Fig. 4) auf. Die Trägerstruktur 3 weist eine in der bestimmungsgemäßen Verwendung sichtbare Außenseite A und eine der Außenseite A gegenüberliegende Rückseite B auf (vgl. insbesondere Fig. 3 und Fig. 4) auf. Die wenigstens zwei Farbschichten 1, 2 werden auf die Rückseite B der Trägerstruktur 3 aufgebracht und sind infolge (aufgrund des transparenten oder transluzenten Polymermaterials der Trägerstruktur) durch die Trägerstruktur 3 hindurch auf der Außenseite A zumindest abschnittsweise sichtbar oder erkennbar. Die Trägerstruktur 3 weist einen ersten Bereich 6 oder erste Bereiche 6 auf, bei denen auf der Außenseite A nur eine erste Farbschicht 1 oder nur Teile einer ersten Farbschicht 1 erkennbar sind (vgl. insbesondere Fig. 3). Die Trägerstruktur 3 weist ferner einen zweiten Bereich 8 oder zweite Bereiche 8 auf bei denen auf der Außenseite A nur die wenigstens eine weitere Farbschicht 2 oder nur Teile der wenigstens einen weiteren Farbschicht 2 erkennbar sind (vgl. insbesondere Fig. 4).In the Figures 1 to 5 describes a method for producing a component for a motor vehicle that has at least two color layers 1, 2. The color layers 1, 2 are applied to a thin-walled carrier structure 3 that at least partially defines the geometry of the component. The carrier structure 3 consists of a transparent or translucent polymer material and, even before the application of the colored layers 1, 2, has a three-dimensional geometry with at least one spatial curvature (cf. in particular Figures 1 to 4 ) on. The carrier structure 3 has an outer side A that is visible when used as intended and a rear side B that is opposite the outer side A (cf. in particular 3 and 4 ) on. At least that Two color layers 1, 2 are applied to the back B of the support structure 3 and are visible or recognizable through the support structure 3 on the outside A at least in sections as a result (due to the transparent or translucent polymer material of the support structure). The carrier structure 3 has a first region 6 or first regions 6, in which only a first color layer 1 or only parts of a first color layer 1 can be seen on the outside A (cf. in particular 3 ). The carrier structure 3 also has a second region 8 or second regions 8 in which only the at least one further color layer 2 or only parts of the at least one further color layer 2 can be seen on the outside A (cf. in particular 4 ).

Das Verfahren weist folgende Schrittreihenfolge auf:

  • Beschichten und gleichzeitiges Maskieren des ersten Bereichs 6 oder der ersten Bereiche 6 durch das Aufbringen der ersten Farbschicht 1 auf der Rückseite B der dreidimensional ausgebildeten Trägerstruktur 3 mittels eines Tintenstrahldruckers 10, der zur Ausbildung der ersten Farbschicht 1 eine flüssige oder pulverförmige Pigmenttinte oder eine flüssige oder pulverförmige Farbstofftinte auf die Rückseite B der Trägerstruktur 3 aufbringt (vgl. Fig. 1 und Fig. 2);
  • zeitgleiches oder nachfolgendes Aushärten und/oder Verfestigen der ersten Farbschicht 1, wobei das Aushärten und/oder Verfestigen teilweise, partiell oder vollständig erfolgt (vgl. insbesondere Fig. 3);
  • Aufbringen der wenigstens einen weiteren Farbschicht 2 zumindest auf den unmaskierten zweiten Bereich 8 oder zumindest auf die unmaskierten zweiten Bereiche 8 auf der Rückseite B der Trägerstruktur (vgl. Fig. 4).
The procedure has the following order of steps:
  • Coating and simultaneous masking of the first area 6 or the first areas 6 by applying the first color layer 1 to the rear side B of the three-dimensional carrier structure 3 using an inkjet printer 10, which, to form the first color layer 1, uses a liquid or powdered pigment ink or a liquid or applies powdered dye ink to the rear side B of the carrier structure 3 (cf. 1 and 2 );
  • Simultaneous or subsequent curing and/or solidification of the first color layer 1, with the curing and/or solidification being partial, partial or complete (cf. in particular 3 );
  • Application of the at least one further color layer 2 at least to the unmasked second area 8 or at least to the unmasked second areas 8 on the rear side B of the carrier structure (cf. 4 ).

Wie in Fig. 4 ersichtlich kann die wenigstens eine weitere Farbschicht 2 hierbei auch zusätzlich auf die erste Farbschicht 1 aufgetragen werden, da diese den ersten Bereich 6 oder die ersten Bereiche 6 vor der wenigsten einen weiteren Farbschicht 2 maskiert.As in 4 as can be seen, the at least one additional color layer 2 can also be additionally applied to the first color layer 1 , since this masks the first area 6 or the first areas 6 in front of the at least one additional color layer 2 .

Bei dem Beschichten und gleichzeitigen Maskieren des ersten Bereichs 6 oder der ersten Bereiche 6 durch das Aufbringen der ersten Farbschicht 1 auf der Rückseite B der dreidimensional ausgebildeten Trägerstruktur 3 mittels eines Tintenstrahldruckers 10, der zur Ausbildung der ersten Farbschicht 1 eine flüssige oder pulverförmige Pigmenttinte oder eine flüssige oder pulverförmige Farbstofftinte auf die Rückseite B der Trägerstruktur 3 aufbringt, kann ein Druckkopf des Tintenstrahldruckers 10 mittels eines Manipulators (z.B. mittels eines Roboters oder einer Verfahreinheit) über die Rückseite B der Trägerstruktur 3 bewegt werden. Alternativ oder in Kombination kann die Trägerstruktur 3 selbst in Relation zu dem Druckkopf mittels eines Manipulators bewegt werden.During the coating and simultaneous masking of the first area 6 or the first areas 6 by applying the first color layer 1 to the rear side B of the three-dimensional carrier structure 3 by means of an inkjet printer 10, which, to form the first color layer 1, uses a liquid or powdered pigment ink or a applies liquid or powdered dye ink to the back B of the support structure 3, a print head of the inkjet printer 10 can be moved over the back B of the support structure 3 by means of a manipulator (eg by means of a robot or a traversing unit). will. Alternatively or in combination, the support structure 3 itself can be moved in relation to the print head by means of a manipulator.

Das Aufbringen der wenigstens einen weiteren Farbschicht 2 auf den zweiten Bereich 8 oder auf die zweiten Bereiche 8 auf der Rückseite B der Trägerstruktur 3 erfolgt mittels eines sich vom Tintenstrahldrucken unterscheidenden Beschichtungsverfahren. Das abweichende Beschichtungsverfahren kann ein Spritzlackierverfahren oder ein Sprühlackierverfahren oder eine Streichlackierung oder eine Tauchlackierung oder eine Walzenlackierung oder ein Plattierungsverfahren, insbesondere ein PVD-Verfahren oder ein CVD-Verfahren, oder ein galvanisches Abscheidungsverfahren umfassen.The at least one further color layer 2 is applied to the second area 8 or to the second areas 8 on the rear side B of the carrier structure 3 by means of a coating process that differs from inkjet printing. The different coating method can include a spray painting method or a spray painting method or a brush coating or a dip coating or a roller coating or a plating method, in particular a PVD method or a CVD method, or an electroplating method.

Das Aushärten und/oder Verfestigen wird zumindest teilweise durch Energiezufuhr ermöglicht und/oder beschleunigt. Bevorzugt wird für die Pigmenttinte oder für die Farbstofftinte ein UV härtendes Material verwendet.The hardening and/or hardening is at least partially made possible and/or accelerated by the supply of energy. A UV curing material is preferably used for the pigment ink or for the dye ink.

Die erste Farbschicht 1 wird mit wenigsten 100 dpi, bevorzugt mit wenigstens 200 dpi, weiter bevorzugt mit wenigsten 300 dpi auf die Rückseite B der Trägerstruktur 3 aufgedruckt.The first color layer 1 is printed onto the rear side B of the carrier structure 3 with at least 100 dpi, preferably with at least 200 dpi, more preferably with at least 300 dpi.

Der zweite Bereich 8 ist oder die zweiten Bereiche 8 sind durch eine lokale Oberflächenunregelmäßigkeit 12 oder durch lokale Oberflächenunregelmäßigkeiten 12 auf der Außenseite A und/oder auf der Rückseite B der Trägerstruktur 3 vorgegeben (vgl. Fig. 3 und Fig. 4). Die lokale Oberflächenunregelmäßigkeit 12 ist durch eine Vertiefung oder eine Sicke oder eine Rille oder einen im Material der Trägerstruktur versenkten Schriftzug oder eine Satinierung oder eine Narbung oder ein erhabenes Muster und/oder ein im Material der Trägerstruktur 3 versenktes Muster gebildet, oder die lokalen Oberflächenunregelmäßigkeiten 12 sind durch Sicken und/oder Rillen und/oder einen im Material der Trägerstruktur versenkten Schriftzug und/oder Satinierungen und/oder Narbungen und/oder erhabene Muster und/oder im Material der Trägerstruktur versenkte Muster gebildet.The second area 8 is or the second areas 8 are defined by a local surface irregularity 12 or by local surface irregularities 12 on the outside A and/or on the back B of the carrier structure 3 (cf. 3 and 4 ). The local surface irregularity 12 is formed by an indentation or a bead or a groove or lettering sunk into the material of the support structure or a satin finish or a grain or a raised pattern and/or a pattern sunk into the material of the support structure 3, or the local surface irregularities 12 are formed by beads and/or grooves and/or lettering and/or satin finishes and/or graining and/or raised patterns and/or patterns embedded in the material of the support structure.

In einem nicht näher dargestellten Verfahrensschritt werden vor oder während des Schritts des Aufbringens der ersten Farbschicht 1 die jeweiligen Toleranzabweichungen in den Realabmessungen der Trägerstruktur 3 zu den, vorzugsweise in einer Steuerung des Tintenstrahldruckers 10 hinterlegten, Idealabmessungen der Trägerstruktur 3 ermittelt, und das zu den Idealabmessungen der Trägerstruktur 3, vorzugsweise in der Steuerung, hinterlegte Druckbild anhand dieser ermittelten Toleranzabweichungen umgerechnet und an diese Realabmessungen angepasst werden, sodass die erste Farbschicht 1 in einer zu den Idealabmessungen der Trägerstruktur 3 entsprechenden Weise auf dem vorgesehenen ersten Bereich 6 oder auf den vorgesehenen ersten Bereichen 6 aufgebracht werden. Die Toleranzabweichung kann anhand eines optischen Messverfahrens, insbesondere mittels einer optischen Bilderfassung und Bildauswertung und/oder mittels eines Triangulationsverfahrens und/oder mittels eines Konfokalmessverfahrens ermittelt werden.In a method step not shown in detail, before or during the step of applying the first color layer 1, the respective tolerance deviations in the real dimensions of the carrier structure 3 from the ideal dimensions of the carrier structure 3, preferably stored in a controller of the inkjet printer 10, are determined, and that for the ideal dimensions the carrier structure 3, preferably in the controller, stored print image converted based on these determined tolerance deviations and adapted to these real dimensions, so that the first color layer 1 in a manner corresponding to the ideal dimensions of the carrier structure 3 on the provided first area 6 or applied to the first areas 6 provided. The tolerance deviation can be determined using an optical measuring method, in particular by means of an optical image acquisition and image evaluation and/or by means of a triangulation method and/or by means of a confocal measuring method.

Die erste Farbschicht 1 und/oder die wenigstens eine weitere Farbschicht 2 kann in sich durch eine Vielzahl von Einzelschichten (d.h. insbesondere aus wenigstens zwei Einzelschichten) aufgebaut werden.The first colored layer 1 and/or the at least one further colored layer 2 can be made up of a large number of individual layers (i.e. in particular of at least two individual layers).

Die wenigsten eine weitere Farbschicht 2 kann durch eine Metallbeschichtung, insbesondere durch eine Chrombeschichtung, gebildet werden.The at least one further color layer 2 can be formed by a metal coating, in particular by a chrome coating.

Die erste Farbschicht 1 wird in mehreren, nebeneinanderliegenden Bahnen T aufgebracht (vgl. Fig. 5).The first color layer 1 is applied in several adjacent strips T (cf. figure 5 ).

Das Bauteil kann ein Exterieur-Bauteil eines Kraftfahrzeuges, insbesondere eine Stoßfängerverkleidung oder eine Kühlergrillverkleidung oder eine Kotflügelverkleidung oder eine A-, B-, C-, oder D-Säulenverkleidung oder eine Spoileraußenhaut oder eine Schwellerverkleidung oder eine Türaußenverkleidung oder eine Türklappenaußenverkleidung sein, oder einen Bestandteil der vorgenannten Bauteile bilden.The component can be an exterior component of a motor vehicle, in particular a bumper cladding or a radiator grille cladding or a fender cladding or an A, B, C or D pillar cladding or a spoiler outer skin or a sill cladding or a door outer cladding or a door flap outer cladding, or a Form part of the aforementioned components.

Die Trägerstruktur 3 kann mittels eines generativen Verfahrens (z.B. 3D-Druck) oder im Spritzgußverfahren oder durch eine Thermoformung hergestellt werden oder hergestellt sein.The carrier structure 3 can be produced or has been produced by means of a generative process (e.g. 3D printing) or in an injection molding process or by thermoforming.

Claims (12)

  1. A method for producing a component comprising at least two colour layers (1, 2) for a motor vehicle,
    wherein the colour layers (1, 2) are applied to a thin-walled carrier structure (3) that at least partially defines the geometry of the component,
    wherein the carrier structure (3) consists of a transparent or translucent polymer material and already has a three-dimensional geometry with at least one curved space before the colour layers (1, 2) are applied,
    wherein the carrier structure (3) has an outer side (A), which is visible when the component is used as intended, and a rear side (B) opposite the outer side (A),
    wherein the at least two colour layers (1, 2) are applied to the rear side (B) of the carrier structure (3) and as a result are visible or discernible at least in some portions from the outer side (A) through the carrier structure,
    wherein the carrier structure (3) comprises a first region (6) or first regions (6), in which only a first colour layer (1) or only parts of a first colour layer (1) are identifiable from the outer side (A), and
    wherein the carrier structure (3) further comprises a second region (8) or second regions (8) in which only the at least one further colour layer (2) or only parts of the at least one further colour layer (2) are identifiable from the outer side (A),
    wherein
    the method comprises the following sequence of steps:
    - coating and simultaneously masking the first region (6) or the first regions (6) by applying the first colour layer (1) to the rear side (B) of the three-dimensionally-configured carrier structure (3) by means of an inkjet printer (10) that applies a liquid or powdery pigment ink or a liquid or powdery dye ink to the rear side (B) of the carrier structure (3) in order to form the first colour layer (1),
    - simultaneously or subsequently curing and/or solidifying the first colour layer (1), wherein the curing and/or solidification is carried out to some extent, partially or completely;
    - applying the at least one further colour layer (2) to the rear side (B) of the carrier structure at least in the unmasked second region (8) or at least in the unmasked second regions (8),
    characterised in that
    before or during the step of applying the first colour layer (1), the respective tolerance deviations of the actual measurements of the carrier structure (3) from the ideal measurements of the carrier structure (2), preferably stored in a controller of the inkjet printer (10), are determined and the print image stored for the actual dimensions of the carrier structure (3), preferably in the controller, is recalculated on the basis of these determined tolerance deviations and adapted to these actual dimensions, so that the first colour layer (1) is applied to the intended first region (6) or to the intended first regions (6) in a manner corresponding to the ideal dimensions of the carrier structure (3).
  2. The method according to claim 1, characterised in that the tolerance deviation is determined on the basis of an optical measurement method, in particular by means of an optical image acquisition and image evaluation and/or by means of a triangulation process and/or by means of a confocal measurement process.
  3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the at least one further colour layer (2) is applied to the rear side (B) of the carrier structure (3) in the second region (8) or in the second regions (8) by means of a coating method that differs from inkjet printing.
  4. The method according to claim 3, characterised in that the different coating method comprises a spray painting method or an aerosol painting method or a brush painting or a dip painting or a roller painting or a plating method, in particular a PVD method or a CVD method, or a galvanic deposition method.
  5. The method according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the hardening and/or solidification is made possible and/or accelerated at least in part by an energy input.
  6. The method according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the first colour layer (1) is printed with at least 100 dpi, preferably with at least 200 dpi, more preferably with at least 300 dpi onto the rear side (B) of the carrier structure (3).
  7. The method according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the second region (8) or the second regions (8) is or are predefined by a local surface irregularity (12) or by local surface irregularities (12) on the outer side (A) and/or on the rear side (B) of the carrier structure (3).
  8. The method according to claim 7, characterised in that the local surface irregularity (12) is formed by an indentation or a bead or a groove or a lettering recessed in the material of the carrier structure or a satin finish or a graining or a raised pattern and/or a pattern recessed in the material of the carrier structure, or the local surface irregularities (12) are formed by beads and/or grooves and/or a lettering recessed in the material of the carrier structure and/or satin finishes and/or grainings and/or raised patterns and/or patterns recessed in the material of the carrier structure.
  9. The method according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the first colour layer (1) and/or the at least one further colour layer (2) are per se built up by multiple individual layers.
  10. The method according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the at least one further colour layer (2) is formed by a metal coating, in particular by a chromium coating.
  11. The method according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the first colour layer (1) and/or the at least one further colour layer (2) is applied in a plurality of adjacent tracks (T).
  12. The method according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the component is an exterior component of a motor vehicle, in particular a bumper covering or a radiator grille covering or a mudguard covering or an A-, B-, C- or D-pillar covering or a spoiler skin or a sill covering or an outer door covering or an outer door panel covering, or forms a part of the aforementioned components.
EP18830142.8A 2017-12-12 2018-12-07 Method for producing a component having at least two colour layers for a motor vehicle Active EP3723991B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102017129555.0A DE102017129555B4 (en) 2017-12-12 2017-12-12 Process for the production of a component for a motor vehicle having at least two layers of paint
PCT/EP2018/083907 WO2019115368A1 (en) 2017-12-12 2018-12-07 Method for producing a component having at least two colour layers for a motor vehicle

Publications (2)

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EP3723991A1 EP3723991A1 (en) 2020-10-21
EP3723991B1 true EP3723991B1 (en) 2022-11-30

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EP (1) EP3723991B1 (en)
DE (1) DE102017129555B4 (en)
WO (1) WO2019115368A1 (en)

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CN110846619B (en) * 2019-10-29 2021-09-10 宁波四维尔工业有限责任公司 Surface coloring process for plastic automobile label
DE202020104416U1 (en) 2020-07-30 2021-11-03 Rehau Ag + Co Component that is painted at least in sections
DE102020134941A1 (en) 2020-12-28 2022-06-30 Rehau Automotive Se & Co. Kg Outer paneling part for the front area of a motor vehicle and method for producing an outer paneling part
DE102021106232A1 (en) * 2021-03-15 2022-09-15 Airbus Operations Gmbh Painting method with printed mask and printing device
DE102021108273A1 (en) 2021-03-31 2022-10-06 Rehau Automotive Se & Co. Kg Process for the production of a component for a motor vehicle having at least two layers of paint

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DE10355448A1 (en) * 2003-11-27 2005-07-07 Glamaco Maschinenbau Gmbh Heatable three-dimensional glass pane used as a vehicle windscreen comprises a layer made from a semiconductor material and/or a metal oxide as heating layer, and an organic or inorganic protective layer
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CN101952126A (en) * 2007-12-31 2011-01-19 埃克阿泰克有限责任公司 Method for printing high quality images on curved substrates
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FR2973281B1 (en) * 2011-03-31 2013-04-26 Arkema France METHOD FOR OBTAINING AN OBJECT HAVING A PRINTED THREE-DIMENSIONAL SURFACE
DE202011110247U1 (en) * 2011-09-01 2013-03-20 Krones Ag Containers with printed surface contour and printing process
DE102011120581A1 (en) * 2011-12-07 2013-06-13 Leopold Kostal Gmbh & Co. Kg Method for producing a front-side galvanically coated control, decorative or display element with uncoated areas
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DE102017129555A1 (en) 2019-06-13
WO2019115368A1 (en) 2019-06-20
DE102017129555B4 (en) 2023-01-12
EP3723991A1 (en) 2020-10-21

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