EP3721071A1 - Method and device for characterizing the injection behavior of an injection valve for liquids - Google Patents
Method and device for characterizing the injection behavior of an injection valve for liquidsInfo
- Publication number
- EP3721071A1 EP3721071A1 EP18789061.1A EP18789061A EP3721071A1 EP 3721071 A1 EP3721071 A1 EP 3721071A1 EP 18789061 A EP18789061 A EP 18789061A EP 3721071 A1 EP3721071 A1 EP 3721071A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- image
- injection
- spray pattern
- measuring chamber
- matrix elements
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 120
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 117
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 117
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 51
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- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M65/00—Testing fuel-injection apparatus, e.g. testing injection timing ; Cleaning of fuel-injection apparatus
- F02M65/001—Measuring fuel delivery of a fuel injector
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B12/00—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area
- B05B12/08—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area responsive to condition of liquid or other fluent material to be discharged, of ambient medium or of target ; responsive to condition of spray devices or of supply means, e.g. pipes, pumps or their drive means
- B05B12/082—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area responsive to condition of liquid or other fluent material to be discharged, of ambient medium or of target ; responsive to condition of spray devices or of supply means, e.g. pipes, pumps or their drive means responsive to a condition of the discharged jet or spray, e.g. to jet shape, spray pattern or droplet size
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for characterizing the injection behavior of an injection valve for liquids and to an apparatus for carrying out such a method.
- the injection rate for single or multiple injections neces sary to be able to recognize, for example, start of injection and injection end of an injection process.
- z.T. different measurement techniques is set, under which the detection of primary parameters such as the injection rate based on the measurement of pressure and sound velocity in a measuring chamber is used relatively frequently.
- a relatively complex pressure sensor signal conditioning by means of a low-pass filtering is necessary to compensate for interference signal due to natural oscillations of the measuring chamber.
- DE 10 2011 007 611 A1 discloses an apparatus and a method for determining at least the spray quantity and / or the spray rate of a liquid sprayed with a valve.
- the device has a measuring chamber and an interface for receiving the valve, at least one sensor for measuring a prevailing in the measuring chamber state, and an interconnected with the sensor evaluation for determining the spray rate and / or the spray rate at least in dependence on the measured to stand on ,
- the device and the method for determining the spray quantity and / or the spray rate make it possible to simultaneously determine and evaluate a further parameter of the liquid.
- This further parameter is the spray pattern of the sprayed liquid and is recorded by a device for beam imaging of the sprayed liquid.
- an opti- used see chamber wherein the jet pattern is determined and evaluated simultaneously to the spray rate and / or the injection rate of the evaluation.
- the method with the features of claim 1 has the advantage that it is relatively easy and inexpensive to implement and also provides quantitative Re results.
- the method comprises the steps of injecting liquid through the injection valve into a measuring chamber, injecting light into the measuring chamber onto liquid ejected from the injection valve as a spray pattern, detecting and scanning temporally successive jet images coming from at interfaces of the Injection valve ejected spray patterns reflected and to a recording device gebil detem light are generated to th spatially resolved intensity distributions, the evaluation of the detected and scanned beam images depending Weil associated intensity distributions, wherein in the respective intensity distributions such image matrix elements are identified, which the contained image information associated with the spray pattern, and a measure of the injection behavior is determined on the basis of the respectively identified image matrix elements or pixels and their time evolution.
- the invention is therefore based on the finding that, with a suitable measuring chamber pressure at a phase boundary between a gas phase representing an injection process
- n (t) is the relative injection rate in function of time t, with G a threshold between high and significantly lower intensity values
- l (P j , t) the intensity of a j th image element matrix j is a summation index extending from 1 to m, where m represents the total number of evaluated image matrix elements and K j denotes a respective correlation factor
- wel cher one in each associated one image matrix element detected light intensity information value l (P j, t) taken into account, with only such image matrix elements P j are taken into account in the summation, the light intensity values are greater than the threshold value G or equal to the threshold value G, to identifi associated with the spray pattern contained in the respective beam image-forming matrix elements adorn.
- the receiving device is adjusted so that a cross-sectional plane of the ejected spray pattern forms sharply provide as a spray pattern, whereby a two-dimensional image of the spray pattern is displayed.
- a variant of the method, with which a quasi-three-dimensional image of a spray pattern on which the optical detection is based may be that different cross-sectional planes are imaged and scanned in temporally successively detected beam images, in each case the focal length of the recording device is changed and / or the recording device is moved with respect to their optical distance to the measuring chamber.
- a development of the invention with which a further characteristic for characterizing the characterization of the injection behavior is optically recoverable, can best hen that as a measure of the injection behavior a Strahlausbreitungsgeschwin speed in a cross-sectional plane of the spray pattern (spray pattern) based on the following relationship
- v (ti + i ) is the beam propagation velocity at time t + i , where i is an index for a respective beam image to be processed, where n is a beam spread radius at time t, for an i-th beam image, and n + i a Strahlausbrei tion radius at time t, + i are designated for an (i + l) -th jet image, wherein at least two temporally successive beam images are detected and evaluated by identified in the i-th beam image image elements who the with which outward pointing ends of the beam lobes of a projected spray pattern and are arranged approximately on an imaginary circular ring with a Strahlausbreitungsradius n, and in the (i + l) -th jet image image elements are identified, which with the outward-pointing ends of beam lobes of the then mapped spray pattern kor respond Schl and approximately on an imaginary circular ring with a beam spread radius n + i are arranged.
- a calibration of the Strahlausbreitungsradien by a relevant Abbil relevant object size, preferably a nozzle diameter of the injection valve to be tested, and / or a magnification of the recording and / or a resolution of the recording device is taken into account is / are, so that the parameter in absolute units representable is.
- hydraulic measurements for determining a hydraulically obtained parameter such as the injection rate and / or the injection quantity in the measuring chamber are carried out simultaneously with the optical detection of beam images, with optically obtained measuring data with hydraulically obtained measurement data with respect to the parameter be corrected.
- the hydraulically obtained measurement results can be checked and verified directly by means of the optical detection performed at the same time, so that measurement artefacts can be detected in the hydraulic measured value detection because of the measurement artifacts that are required for the required low-pass filtering.
- an absolute injection rate A (t) can be determined by scaling via the hydraulically measured injection rate, which corresponds to the integral over the rate takes place.
- a beam pulse for characterizing the injection behavior wherein the jet pulse from the optically ge acquired beam propagation velocity v (t,) and from a hydraulically ge obtained injection quantity is determined by respective product formation.
- a three-dimensional image of the spray pattern can be generated from the various cross-sectional planes at each point in time of the injection. Furthermore, a beam propagation velocity along the beam axis is determined from the three-dimensional image of the spray pattern.
- the device intended for carrying out the method according to the invention is simply designed and reliably delivers quantitative results for characterizing the injection behavior of an injection valve or fuel! njektors.
- the device comprises an evaluation device, which has a data transmission connection to the recording device to ver work and evaluate scanned by the receiving device and ver to evaluate the evaluation in detected by the recording intensity distributions of respective beam images such image matrix elements, which an associated spray pattern associated image information included, and based on the respective identified image matrix elements and their time evolution determines a measure of the injection behavior.
- the receiving device along its optical axis by means of an associated positioning displacer bar to change the optical path length between the receiving device and the measuring chamber. This makes it possible to successively ver different cross-sectional planes ejected from the injector
- the flesh tone device is designed as a digital camera to detect a spatially resolved intensity curve for each detected and scanned beam image, which simplifies the evaluation of optically acquired data and allows a compact design of the device.
- 1A is a sectional view of a device according to the invention, comprising a measuring chamber with an injector received therein, a arranged on an optical access of the measuring chamber illumination device and an au outside the measuring chamber arranged receiving device,
- Fig. 1B is a diagram for a first and then taking place a second injection respectively during the injection period detected hydraulic measurements based on two diagrams and temporally coincident thereto optically detected cavitation images together with a pulse train for the injection of the current to tes injector and a control signal represents the control of the proceedingssein direction, wherein the time axis runs along the abscissa and in the diagrams, the hydraulically detected injection mass and their temporal Ablei direction are plotted as a function of time,
- 2A is a flowchart showing the essential method steps of a first embodiment of the control method according to the invention
- 2B shows a flowchart with the essential method steps of a two-th embodiment of the control method according to the invention
- 2C is a flowchart with the essential method steps of a third embodiment of the inventive control method
- FIG. 3A shows a flow chart with the essential method steps of a first embodiment of the evaluation method according to the invention in order to determine a measure of a relative injection rate of an injector to be tested
- FIG. 3B shows a spray pattern of an injector optically detected as a cavitation image, which serves as the basis for the first embodiment of the evaluation method
- FIG. 4A shows a flowchart with the essential method steps of a two-th embodiment of the evaluation method according to the invention in order to determine a measure of the beam propagation in an image plane of a spray pattern ejected from a test object to be tested,
- 4C shows a flow chart with the essential method steps of a third embodiment of the evaluation method according to the invention in order to determine a measure of the beam propagation along the beam axis of a spray pattern ejected from an injector to be tested,
- 4D is a diagram for a rough illustration of the principal temporal divergence behavior of a spray pattern ejected from the injector, which is illustrated in a simplified and sketch-like manner on the basis of its outer radius respectively assigned to different times, as the basis for calculating the beam propagation velocity to be determined;
- 4E is a diagram for illustrating the principle temporal Diver genz s ejected from the injector spray pattern as calculation basis for the beam propagation speed to be determined in a single image plane
- FIG. 5A shows an evaluation mask, which has been illustrated on the basis of a cavitation image, for evaluation in order to suppress unwanted reflections on the measuring chamber wall in the evaluation
- 5B shows an evaluation mask, which is illustrated by means of a cavitation image and is used in the evaluation in order to suppress reflections outside the beam,
- FIG. 5C is an evaluation mask illustrated by means of a cavitation image, which is used for the evaluation in order to selectively analyze individual beam lobes in the cavitating image, as well as FIG
- FIG. 6 shows a measured measurement diagram acquired and evaluated in accordance with the method according to the invention, in which a normalized injection rate F (t) is plotted along the ordinate, while the time axis runs along the abscissa, wherein groups of optically acquired measurement data are represented by the fraction hel Image matrix elements of individual sensor images of a temporal sequence in functional dependence on the recording time of the recording device during an injection process are shown, and in comparison thereto a simultaneously hydraulically detected measurement curve is shown.
- F normalized injection rate
- Fig. 1A illustrates in a highly schematically held sectional view of the device generally designated 10, which has a measuring chamber 11 and egg ne optical pickup device 12 and a lighting device 13.
- the measuring chamber 11 is used for testing injectors and has a housing 14 which is provided for receiving an injector 15 to be tested, which is centrally inserted into a designated opening in a th above wall of the housing 14, so that with spray holes ver seen injector end protrudes into the measuring chamber 11.
- a pressure sensor 16 and a Ultraschallwandlereinrich device 17 are received, which is formed of an ultrasonic source and an ultrasonic sensor.
- the measuring chamber 11 has a functionality as a hydraulic pressure increase analyzer;
- the injector 15 injects liquid into the liquid-filled measuring chamber 11 through its injection openings or injection holes, thereby increasing the pressure in the measuring chamber 11, it is possible in a conventional manner to measure the pressure and the speed of sound in the measuring chamber 11 simultaneously by means of the pressure sensor 16 and the ultrasonic transducer means 17 a characteristic characteristic of the injector, namely the injection rate can be determined.
- the device 10 opti cal sensor functionality to the generated during the injection process to the Spritzlö Chern the injector 15 as a cross-sectional plane of the spray pattern 18 by the fuel emerging there spray jet 30 optically to detect and quantitatively analyze by means of an evaluation, not shown. Since to the case 14 on its the injector 15 opposite angeord Neten bottom side 14 'has an approximately centrally located therein optical access 20, which is formed as an optically transparent window.
- the lighting device 13 is formed as an annular light emitting diode array (LED array) and on the outside so on the bottom side 14 'of the housing 14 is arranged, that the ring inner surface of the LED array 13 from the bottom side 14 ' projecting portion of the optical window 20th encloses. Light emitted by the annular LED arrangement 13 then passes into the measuring chamber 11 via the optical window 20.
- LED array annular light emitting diode array
- the inner wall of the measuring chamber 11 is formed blackened that in the measuring chamber 11 irradiated light is reflected substantially at phase boundaries, which arise by cavitation currency end of the injection process from the spray holes of the injector 15 to be tested in the form of beam lobes and form a spray pattern 18.
- At least a portion of the reflected or reflected light occurs through the opti cal window 20 and through the inner ring of the LED assembly 13 through outward and is then deflected by a deflection mirror 21 by 90 ° to a receiving device 12 as a spray pattern or Cavitation image 30 detected too with an upstream objective 22 imaging the falling light beam from the deflection mirror 21 onto an image sensor (not shown) of the recording device 12, which in the exemplary embodiment is a high-speed digital camera with a CMOS or CCD (charge coupled Device ") - array is formed as an image sensor.
- the annular LED arrangement 13, the optical window 20 and the injector 15 are arranged concentrically with one another along the longitudinal axis 11 'of the measuring chamber 11.
- the receiving device 12 is mounted together with the upstream lens 22 on a positioning slide 24 which is formed horizontally displaceable along a guide 25 to vary the image plane of the receiving device 12 un depending on the focus setting can.
- a control and evaluation (not shown) serves on the one hand for driving the posi tionierschlittens 24, for controlling the injection behavior of the injector 15, for pulsed control of the light emission of the LED array and time on it tuned recording behavior of the receiving device 12 and on the other hand for evaluation the light intensities detected by the image sensor of the recording device 12;
- the control and evaluation via control and data lines (not shown) with an electronic control unit of the injector, electrically connected to the LED array, with the recording camera and its lens and control electronics of the positioning slide.
- the control and evaluation device performs a correlation of the optically obtained data with the same time from the pressure and Schall Anlagensmes solution hydraulically obtained data.
- Fig. 1B shows a graph 27, in which with the invention Vorrich device 10 scored measurements are shown, on the one hand hydraulically recorded measurements in two diagrams 28, 28 ' for two consecutive injections of the injector to be tested and each temporally correlated and optically detected Cavitation images 30 ' , 30 '' include.
- the injection mass m determined on the basis of the pressure p measured in the measuring chamber and the measured speed of sound c and the injection rate dm / dt as a function of the time t during a multiple injection are composed of for example illustrated, Main and Nachein injection represented.
- Each of the two diagrams 28, 28 ' is a Steuerimp uls plausible assigned, with which the injection of the injector is controllable, in which for the pilot injection, for example, a triangular sawtooth pulse 29, for the main injection, a trapezoidal pulse 29 ' and for Nachein injection a trapezoidal pulse 29 "is used by opposite the main injection shorter pulse duration.
- a control signal 39 for driving the LEDs of the lighting device processing is shown, with which a synchronous injection for illumination of the measuring chamber is effected, wherein the control signal has a We sentlichen rectangular pulse shape whose pulse length so bemes sen is that this extends over the pre-, main and post injection.
- FIG. 2A shows, on the basis of a highly schematically kept flow chart 100, the essential method steps of the inventive control method according to a first variant of the method, which serves for various device components, ie the camera, its objective and the LED arrangement with the injection process of the injector to be tested Synchronisie ren.
- a second method step 102 which takes place during the exposure phase, the image plane of the objective 11 is focused on the plane of the injection holes of the injector 15 in order to image the spray pattern or cavitation image typically generated during the injection process of the injector sharply onto the image sensor.
- a next method step 105 the immediately before currently detected individual image as image matrix with Schmmatrixele elements or pixels, in which the respective light intensities are detected, stored on egg nem storage medium.
- a subsequent test step 106 is continuously queried whether the preset sequence of frames has already been processed, with a negative query result, a return to step 103 and the procedure steps 104 and 105 for detecting and storing a respective next frame within a step 103 to 106, while incrementing a loop index by one counter 1, while on the other hand with a positive interrogation result, that is, when a sequence of frames is detected and stored, the loop is terminated to leave it at a subsequent step 107 to initiate a jump into an evaluation procedure.
- the individual images obtained in this embodiment of the control and measurement data acquisition method are, as a result of the optical device configuration, cross sections through the cavitation generated by the injector along the image plane which is set constant on the objective 22.
- FIG. 2B shows, on the basis of a highly schematically held flow chart 100 ', the essential method steps of the inventive control method according to a second variant of the method, which serves for different component components, ie the camera, its lens and the LED arrangement and the positioning slide with the injection process of the to test synchronizing the injector.
- the positioning carriage 24 is additionally actuated to move the camera 12 mounted thereon along with the objective lens 22 along the guide rail 25, together with the objective lens 22 can.
- an initializing method step 101 ' the positioning carriage is moved to a starting or starting position.
- a control pulse signal is output synchronously to the electronics of the injector 15 to be tested, the LED arrangement 13, the recording camera 12, and its objective 22, such that the injector 15 ejects fuel from its injection ports and injects it into the metering chamber 11;
- the LED ring 13 emits a Lichtim pulse, the lens 22 aperture and focus and opens the sacredkame ra 12 for a predetermined exposure time their closure, so that light emitted from the LED ring 13, at the phase boundary of the Injector as a spray pattern 18 released fuel reflected and from the measuring chamber 11 via the optical components 20, 21, and 22 on the image sensor of the Aufnah melie 12 passes or is mapped.
- the image plane of the lens 22 is focused on the plane of the injection holes of the injector 15 to map the spray pattern typically generated during the injection process of the injector as Kavita tion image sharp on the image sensor.
- a subsequent test step 108 ' it is continuously queried whether the preset sequence has already been processed, with a negative query function being a return to step 104 ' and the procedure with the steps 105 ' and 106 ' for detecting and storing a respective cyclically through the next frame within a step 104 ' to 108 ' , the loop index being incremented by one count of 1 for counting the frames, while on the other hand, if the sequence of frames is detected and if the result is positive is ab stores, the loop is terminated or left to initiate in a subsequent procedural step sequential step ' a jump in a - still to erläu terndes - evaluation.
- the control and measurement data acquisition methods used in this embodiment are different.
- the spray pattern of the injector virtually three-dimensionally by means of a single sequence in a three-dimensional Time is displayed.
- FIG. 2C shows, with reference to a highly schematically held flow chart 100 ", the essential method steps of the inventive control method according to a third variant of the method, which serves various device components, ie the camera, its lens and the LED arrangement and the positioning carriage with the injection process of FIG to test synchronizing the injector.
- the positioning carriage 24 is driven to move the receiving camera 12 mounted thereon along with the objective lens 22 independently of the set objective focal length along the guide rail 25 to be able to.
- an initializing method step 101 " the positioning carriage is moved to a start or start position.
- a control pulse signal is output synchronously to the electronics of the injector 15 to be tested, the LED arrangement 13, the recording camera 12, and its objective 22, so that the injector 15 ejects fuel from its spray holes and into the measuring chamber 11 injected;
- the LED ring 13 emits a Lichtim pulse, the lens 22 aperture and focus and opens the sacredkame ra 12 for a predetermined exposure time their closure, so that light emitted from the LED ring 13, at the phase boundary of the Injector as a spray pattern of released fuel reflected and passes from the measuring chamber 11 via the optical components 20, 21, and 22 on the image sensor of the Aufnah me disability 12 or imaged.
- step 103 " the image plane of the lens 22 is focused on the plane of the injection holes of the injector 15 to map the spray pattern typically generated during the injection process of the injector as Kavita tion image sharp on the image sensor.
- test step 109 " is continuously inquired whether the preset sequence of image planes has already been processed, with a negative query result, a return to step 104 " and the procedure with the steps 105 " and 106 " for detecting and storing one
- the next frame of the next image plane and its temporal sequence are cycled within a 104 " to 109 " loop, with the loop in dex incremented by one count of 1 for counting the frames, while the result is a positive interrogation That is, when the sequence of frames of all image planes is detected and stored, the loop is terminated or exited, in a subsequent procedural step 110 " to initiate a jump into an evaluation method to be explained below.
- the individual images obtained in this embodiment of the control and measurement data acquisition method are cross-sections staggered with respect to one another, the injector located in the respective measuring chamber generated spray pattern successively scanned, so that - in contrast to the first Ste- tion method variant according to flowchart 100 - by means of a single Se quenz the spray pattern of the injector is practically three-dimensionally displayed.
- FIG. 3A shows a flow chart with the essential method steps of the evaluation method 200 according to the invention in accordance with a first embodiment, wherein a respective injection rate of the injector is determined on the basis of spray patterns optically detected as cavitation images.
- FIG. 3B shows such a sensor image or cavitation image 30, which is digitally detected by the image sensor of the recording device and has beam lobes 31 which are recognizable from predominantly dark background images based on image matrix elements or pixels with high light intensity values, the intensity distribution within that the beam lobes 31 reproducing pixel grayscale to, for example, a maximum of 255 at an 8-bit depth includes.
- a first sensor image is analyzed from a sequence of temporally successively detected image images, wherein the image matrix is read element by element with respect to the light intensity information respectively contained or scanned.
- an intensity threshold value G is set in the first sensor image in order to define a light-dark boundary within the intensity curve of the first sensor image, which essentially serves to cause a reflection due to reflections on the interior wall of the measuring chamber to suppress.
- recognition or identification of those image matrix elements P, of the first sensor image, whose associated stored light intensity information value reaches or exceeds the predetermined intensity threshold takes place.
- the immediately following method step 204 is used to determine a relative injection rate of a defined number m of the previously known image matrix elements or pixel P, in the first sensor image according to the following equation:
- n (t) the relative injection rate in functional dependence on the time t
- P j the jth pixel or image matrix element of a respective m image element detected by the image sensor, with G between high and contrast lower intensity values lying limit value
- j a summation index extending from 1 to m
- K j a respective correlation factor.
- the correlation factor takes into account a light intensity information value I (P j , t) recorded in the respectively assigned image matrix element and causes a normalization of the image matrix element contributions to n (t). In the summation, only those image matrix elements P j are taken into account whose light intensity information values are greater than the limit value G or equal to the limit value G.
- a further method step 205 the determined n (t) for the first sensor image is stored at time t as a measure of the injection rate corresponding to the optically detected cavitation image.
- a subsequent procedural step 206 increments an internal counter by one and initiates a return to step 201 to analyze a next sensor image at time t + At with the target, an associated injection rate (t + At) therein subsequent method steps 202 to 205 to determine. This procedure is repeated cyclically for the remaining sensor images of the sequence, so that finally there is an associated injection rate n (t) for each sensor image at a time t of a recording sequence.
- n (t) is displayed for all analyzed sensor images and correlated with injection rates from hydraulic measured-value acquisition, which are respectively coincident in time, on the basis of the pressure p and the speed of sound c.
- FIG. 4A shows a flowchart 300 with the essential method steps of the evaluation method according to the invention in accordance with a second embodiment, which essentially serves to determine the beam propagation speed through the cavitation.
- a light / dark intensity threshold is determined in those image matrix elements of the sensor image S currently being processed, which coincide with the dial outwardly extending ends of the beam lobes of an identified cavitation pattern correspond, the associated with this bright-dark intensity threshold image matrix elements or pixels approximately along ei nes imaginary - radially extending in the sensor image - circular ring with radius R, are arranged.
- the subsequent process step 305 serves a real beam propagation radius n in units of mm on the basis of the previously determined in step 304 and calculated in units of pixel pitch Ri, the magnification and the object size, which inskysbei play the nozzle diameter of the injector to be tested can be, calculate or determine.
- a check is first made in an intermediate step 307 as to whether the counter i is greater than or equal to 2, with a return to step 302 with a count of i: 1 to increment the count and to process the next sensor image and then perform steps 304-306, or else proceed to the next step 308.
- a quotient v is formed according to the following equation:
- V (t i + i ) fc + i - ) Equation (2)
- v (ti + i ) is the quotient
- n is the beam radius determined for a respective sensor image
- t is the respective recording time of a sensor image
- n + i is the one for a time subsequently at time t + i characterized drew sensor image determined beam spread radius
- the quotient v (ti + i ) is a measure of the zir kulare propagation of - each existing at the radially outwardly pioneering ends of the beam lobes cavitation existing - light / dark intensity threshold between two temporally immediately successively detected sensor images or recording images and thus represents the Strahlausbreitungsgevindtechnik v in a cross-sectional plane, which is used to determine the corresponding jenden beam pulse p, taking into account the simultaneous hydraulic measurement of the injection quantity is used;
- 4B shows a projection 26 of two cavitation images taken in chronological succession, wherein the radius of the light-dark intensity threshold with respect to the ends of the beam lobes 31 is designated ri in the first cavitation image and r 2 in the second cavitation image.
- the respectively previously determined quotient is stored and displayed as a measure of the beam propagation velocity v in a cross-sectional plane and the beam impulse p calculated therefrom in a cross-sectional plane.
- a subsequent intermediate step 310 serves to check the current counter reading and, in the event that not all sensor images of a sequence have yet to be analyzed or evaluated, to return to step 302; otherwise, in a final step 311, a stop of this method block 300 and a return to the higher-level control method takes place.
- FIG. 4C shows a flowchart 300 ' with the essential method steps of the evaluation method according to the invention according to a third embodiment, which serves essentially to control the beam propagation speed through the cavitation along the beam axis v s (ti) in contrast to the evaluation method according to FIG. 4A to determine the beam propagation velocity in an image plane.
- step 306 ' the calculated beam spread radius r, j together with the associated recording time t and the image plane position X j of the sensor image currently being processed are stored as value tuples (n j , t ,, X j ).
- a check is made as to whether the counter is greater than or equal to 2, with a negative result returning to step 303 ' to obtain the count for j increment by 1 and process the next sensor image, again performing steps 304 ' through 306 ' , or else proceed to next step 308 ' .
- step 312 ' the calculated Strahlausbrei processing speed is stored together with the calculated therefrom Strahlausbrei processing pulse p s .
- FIG. 4D illustrates a graphical diagram as a basis for calculating the determination of the jet angle in step 311 ' according to FIG. 4C.
- propagation velocity v s (t) It is sketchy illustrated how a spray pattern ejected from an injector 15 spreads spatially depending on the time along its beam axis 18-3, with the spray pattern in a first state 18-1 at a time ⁇ and in a second state 18- 2 at a time t, i + n based on the respective outer radius and n + i is indicated;
- These outer radii of the spray pattern states 18-1, 18-2 are associated with different image planes Z j + i and Z j + 3 spaced apart along the z axis of an x, y, z coordinate system.
- dz is the differential of the variable z
- dx is the differential of x
- dr is the differential of r
- ds is the differential of the variable s.
- FIG. 4E shows a diagram to illustrate the temporal Divergenzverhal least one of an injector 15 ejected spray pattern, which - in contrast to the scheme shown in Fig. 4D - as Basis calculating the ge to determine the beam propagation speed in only one single image plane as shown in FIG. 4A and 4B is used.
- the spray pattern propagating along its beam axis 18-3 is identified in a first state 18-1 at time t1 and a second state 18-2 at time t1 + i on the basis of the respective outside radii n and n + i , which are resulting from their respective intersections with the image plane z ' in an x, y, z coordinate system.
- FIG. 5A shows a cavitation image 30 which is optically detected by the device 10 according to the invention and, in addition to the beam lobes 31 symmetrically arranged in the central image area, which are identified by image matrix elements or pixels of the image sensor with high intensity values (shown in bright) at the image edges 33 whose associated image matrix elements also contain high intensity values and are attributable to undesired reflections of the light emitted from the inner wall of the measuring chamber.
- an evaluation mask 32 is assigned to each sensor image or cavitation image in order to eliminate such image matrix elements during evaluation, ie to limit the evaluation region in the image matrix of the respective cavitation image accordingly.
- FIG. 5B shows a modified evaluation mask 35 which, unlike that of FIG. 5A, has a substantially star-shaped structure and is contoured so that each contour element of the star-shaped structure is assigned a respective beam lobe 31, so that each beam is closely framed, the respective gap between each zueinan the adjacent is delimited and the radial extent of each Konturenele element greater than the position seen in the radial direction of the end of the respec gene beam lobe 31, but significantly smaller than that seen in the radial direction Location of the edge regions 33 is dimensioned.
- FIG. 5C shows a again modified evaluation mask 36, which - in contrast to the embodiments shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B - has a structure which is selectively associated with only a single beam lobe 31 in the cavitation image and the beam lobe 31 is framed in this way.
- the mask structure proceeds approximately from the origin of the beam lobe 31 and narrows the beam lobe narrowly at its outer edges up to its end, wherein the radial extension of the structure of the evaluation mask 36 is dimensioned to be slightly larger than the position of the end of the beam lobe 31 seen in the radial direction.
- FIG. 6 shows a measurement diagram 40 in which measurement data 41 evaluated optically and evaluated by the method according to the invention as a measure of a normalized injection rate in each case functionally dependent on the time t running along the abscissa axis during an injection process and for comparison to a hydraulically detected and on a maximum of 1 normalized injection rate are plotted on the basis of a continuous measurement curve 42.
- the optically detected and evaluated according to the method according to the invention from the flow diagram 200 measured data 41 are divided into groups, each differing from each other with respect to the set intensity threshold un and are shown in Fig.
- the rising edge 44 corresponds to the beginning and the falling edge 44 ' with the end of the injection process.
- the simultaneously hydraulically detected injection rate is shown along the ordinate axis as a continuous measurement curve 42, the injection rate being determined essentially as a function of the time profile of the measured pressure p (t) in the measuring chamber and the measured pressure-dependent sound velocity c (p) becomes.
- Both the measured data obtained according to optical recognition or sampling and the measuring curve acquired simultaneously at the same time are normalized with respect to the ordinate axis F (t) to a maximum of 1, in order to enable a direct comparison.
- the higher edge steepness in the optical detection or sampling in contrast to the hydraulic measurement is due to the fact that in the hydraulic measurement, a low-pass filter is used in the Meßelektronikein unit, which serves to filter out natural oscillations in the measuring chamber and as a side effect on the one hand for a clear flatter course in the flank area of the solid curve and on the other hand for measurement value scattering or measurement artifacts in between the two flanks 44, 44 ' lie ing plateau region 45 provides.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
- Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
Description
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102017222234.4A DE102017222234A1 (en) | 2017-12-08 | 2017-12-08 | Method and device for characterizing the injection behavior of an injection valve for liquids |
PCT/EP2018/078014 WO2019110169A1 (en) | 2017-12-08 | 2018-10-15 | Method and device for characterizing the injection behavior of an injection valve for liquids |
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EP3721071A1 true EP3721071A1 (en) | 2020-10-14 |
EP3721071B1 EP3721071B1 (en) | 2022-12-28 |
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EP18789061.1A Active EP3721071B1 (en) | 2017-12-08 | 2018-10-15 | Method and device for characterizing the injection behavior of an injection valve for liquids |
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EP (1) | EP3721071B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2021505812A (en) |
CN (1) | CN111465763B (en) |
DE (1) | DE102017222234A1 (en) |
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GB201913476D0 (en) * | 2019-09-18 | 2019-10-30 | Univ Birmingham | Traumatic brain injury detection |
CN110985256B (en) * | 2019-12-19 | 2021-05-14 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Constant volume elastic reflector end cover and porous oil sprayer spraying test system applying same |
CN113530737B (en) * | 2021-08-17 | 2022-06-03 | 安徽江淮汽车集团股份有限公司 | Comprehensive testing method for performance of engine oil injector |
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FR2719871A1 (en) * | 1994-05-13 | 1995-11-17 | Bertin & Cie | Test equipment for fuel injectors of internal combustion engines |
DE19917583C1 (en) * | 1999-04-19 | 2000-07-06 | Siemens Ag | Fuel injection pattern/image detector for combustion engine fuel-injection nozzle |
JP4013236B2 (en) * | 1999-08-06 | 2007-11-28 | 株式会社デンソー | Spray inspection apparatus and spray inspection method |
US8154711B1 (en) * | 2004-10-01 | 2012-04-10 | Ingo Werner Scheer | Spray diagnostic and control method and system |
DE102011007611B4 (en) | 2011-04-18 | 2022-01-27 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Device and method for determining at least one spray quantity and/or one spray rate of a liquid sprayed with a valve |
DE102014212392A1 (en) * | 2014-06-27 | 2015-12-31 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method and device for characterizing an injector |
DE102015217940A1 (en) * | 2015-09-18 | 2017-03-23 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Test device for a gas injector |
CN105909444A (en) * | 2016-05-09 | 2016-08-31 | 江苏科技大学 | Marine diesel engine spray field measuring system and method based on three-dimensional PIV |
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2017
- 2017-12-08 DE DE102017222234.4A patent/DE102017222234A1/en active Pending
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- 2018-10-15 EP EP18789061.1A patent/EP3721071B1/en active Active
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JP2021505812A (en) | 2021-02-18 |
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DE102017222234A1 (en) | 2019-06-13 |
CN111465763A (en) | 2020-07-28 |
EP3721071B1 (en) | 2022-12-28 |
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