EP3700678B1 - Method for processing a flowable product and centrifuge - Google Patents

Method for processing a flowable product and centrifuge Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3700678B1
EP3700678B1 EP18795413.6A EP18795413A EP3700678B1 EP 3700678 B1 EP3700678 B1 EP 3700678B1 EP 18795413 A EP18795413 A EP 18795413A EP 3700678 B1 EP3700678 B1 EP 3700678B1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
disc stack
product
centrifuge
drum
separator
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EP18795413.6A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3700678A1 (en
Inventor
Wilfried Mackel
Klaus-Peter Eickhoff
Marc Kellens
Knud SCHÖNEBERG
Detlef Ullmann
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GEA Mechanical Equipment GmbH
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GEA Mechanical Equipment GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B5/00—Other centrifuges
    • B04B5/10—Centrifuges combined with other apparatus, e.g. electrostatic separators; Sets or systems of several centrifuges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B1/00—Centrifuges with rotary bowls provided with solid jackets for separating predominantly liquid mixtures with or without solid particles
    • B04B1/04—Centrifuges with rotary bowls provided with solid jackets for separating predominantly liquid mixtures with or without solid particles with inserted separating walls
    • B04B1/08—Centrifuges with rotary bowls provided with solid jackets for separating predominantly liquid mixtures with or without solid particles with inserted separating walls of conical shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B11/00—Feeding, charging, or discharging bowls
    • B04B11/02—Continuous feeding or discharging; Control arrangements therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C5/00—Separating dispersed particles from liquids by electrostatic effect

Definitions

  • the DE 10 2006 022 156 A1 discloses a method and a device for the treatment of liquids, in which an inflowing free-flowing product is separated in a centrifuge into two liquid phases and a solid phase.
  • the product for example a contaminated lubricating oil
  • the product is separated into two partial streams, which are guided past a positive and a negative electrode.
  • the particles contained in the first partial flow are positively charged and the particles of the second partial flow are negatively charged.
  • both partial flows are combined in a collection tank, with the positively charged particles and the negatively charged particles conglomerating into larger particle aggregates due to the mutual electrostatic attraction. These conglomerates are then easier to separate from the liquid in a centrifugal field.
  • the SU 5 51 036 discloses a centrifuge that enables electrostatic charging of particles within a discontinuous centrifuge.
  • an electrode is arranged in an inlet chamber on the axis of rotation of the centrifuge. After the particles have been electrostatically charged, they are passed on to a drum room, in which the particles are separated into solids collection bags. The clarified liquid is then discharged from the centrifuge. The solids collection pockets are embedded in the wall of the centrifuge. In contrast to a conventional centrifuge with a disk pack, however, continuous operation is not possible with this centrifuge, since the collection bags have to be emptied at regular intervals.
  • the invention solves this problem by a method having the features of claim 1 and a centrifuge having the features of claim 8.
  • the electrical field on the stack of plates can advantageously be switched off and/or discharged, so that the separated particles slide off the surface of the plate more easily into the solids space.
  • the inlet can be closed during the polarity reversal or switching off of the electric field.
  • a suitable DC voltage source can be used to generate an electrical charge on the plates of a plate stack, with the level of the generated voltage preferably being adjustable.
  • the level of the generated voltage preferably being adjustable.
  • One of the poles is conductively connected to the plate stack.
  • the stack of plates is electrically insulated from the outer wall of the centrifuge drum by a coating or other non-conductive material, so that contact between the two components cannot lead to a short circuit.
  • a suitable voltage level for such a DC voltage source is in the range between 5000 and 20000 volts.
  • the means for generating an electrical charge on the plates of the plate pack is preferably arranged outside of the centrifuge drum.
  • a first pole of the DC voltage source with a positive or negative charge can be arranged on the outer wall of a pump element of the centrifuge, which is connected to the plate stack. To do this, the pole only has to be attached to the pump element, further structural adjustments to the centrifuge drum are not necessary. This is an advantage because it means that an existing centrifuge can also be retrofitted.
  • Fig.1 a sectional partial view of a separator drum in hermetically sealed design.
  • the rotary spindle 2 has a conical shape along an upper peripheral area and is fastened to the lower drum part 20 with a fastening means 6 .
  • a product feed pipe 5 which rotates during operation and is aligned concentrically to the axis of rotation D, is connected to a product feed 4 .
  • the product P runs from the product feed pipe 5 into a distributor 7 with distributor bores or ribs, from which the free-flowing product can exit, e.g. in a radial direction into the interior of the separator drum 1. It is also conceivable (not shown here) to direct the product from the distributor into at least one riser channel in the plate stack.
  • the inflowing product flows into disc gaps between conical discs of a disc pack 11, spaced apart axially by means of spacers.
  • the product is clarified in the plate gaps (and possibly also separated into two or more liquid phases), in that solid particles of the free-flowing product are deposited on the underside of the plates, which can escape from there into a solids collection space 8 .
  • the solid phase SP is discharged discontinuously in the radial direction via solid discharge openings 10 from the separator bowl 1, which can be opened and closed by a piston valve 9.
  • the liquid phase LP is conducted to a pump element 12 and discharged from there through a product outlet 13 .
  • a better separation of solid particles in the plate gaps of a plate pack is made possible in the present case by applying an electrical charge to the plate pack 11 . This also means that particles that have already been separated stick to the underside of the plate.
  • an outer wall 18 of the separator drum 1 or an outer wall 19 of the pump element 12 is connected to a positive and a negative pole of a DC voltage source 14 via an electrical line 15a or 15b.
  • the plate pack 11 is insulated from the inner wall of the separator drum 1, here by one or more non-conductive material layers 16, 17 above and below the plate pack 11.
  • the distributor 7 is also insulated by an upper material layer 17 and a lower material layer 21 .
  • the lower drum part 20 can also be insulated from the rotary spindle 2 by an electrically non-conductive material layer 22 .
  • the product feed pipe 5 and the distributor 7 are preferably made of an electrically non-conductive material or have a non-conductive coating so that the parts, which are preferably already charged before entering the drum, do not already settle on the components or discharge here.
  • step a) of claim 1 there is a pretreatment in the manner of step a) of claim 1.
  • the product is first guided past a negatively or positively charged electrode of a DC voltage source before entering the rotating separator drum, so that the solid particles in the product are electrically charge.
  • this electrode can also be arranged in the product inlet 4 or in the inlet pipe 5 .
  • the loading of the solid particles can also take place elsewhere before the product flow enters the disc gap of the disc stack 11 .
  • a suitable one The voltage level for such a DC voltage source is in the range between 5000 and 20000 volts.
  • the product After the product has entered the drum 1, it enters the disc gaps of the pack of discs 11.
  • the charge on the particles of the product is opposite to the charge on the plates, so that the plate exerts an electrostatic attraction on the charged particles, which increasingly collect on the plates.
  • the plate gaps therefore continue to clog over time.
  • the accumulated particles, in particular the solid particles are then repelled from the plate surface and the solid particles are transported into the solids collection chamber 8 (preferably with an interrupted feed).
  • the method according to the invention and the centrifuge are suitable for a wide variety of products, but in particular for cleaning a contaminated oil.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Verarbeitung eines fließfähigen Produktes nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 und eine Zentrifuge, insbesondere einen Separator, nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 8.The invention relates to a method for processing a free-flowing product according to the preamble of claim 1 and a centrifuge, in particular a separator, according to the preamble of claim 8.

Die DE 10 2006 022 156 A1 offenbart ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Aufbereitung von Flüssigkeiten, bei dem ein zulaufendes fließfähiges Produkt in einer Zentrifuge in zwei Flüssigphasen und eine Feststoffphase getrennt wird. Das Produkt, beispielsweise ein verunreinigtes Schmieröl, wird hierzu in zwei Teilströme getrennt, die an einer positiven bzw. einer negativen Elektrode vorbeigeleitet werden. Dabei werden die Partikel, welche in dem ersten Teilstrom enthalten sind, positiv aufgeladen und die Partikel des zweiten Teilstromes negativ aufgeladen. Vor dem Einleiten der Flüssigkeit in die Zentrifuge werden beide Teilströme in einem Sammeltank vereinigt, wobei die positiv geladenen Partikel und die negativ geladenen Partikel aufgrund der gegenseitigen elektrostatischen Anziehung zu größeren Partikelverbänden konglomerieren. Diese Konglomerate sind anschließend im Zentrifugalfeld leichter aus der Flüssigkeit abzutrennen.The DE 10 2006 022 156 A1 discloses a method and a device for the treatment of liquids, in which an inflowing free-flowing product is separated in a centrifuge into two liquid phases and a solid phase. For this purpose, the product, for example a contaminated lubricating oil, is separated into two partial streams, which are guided past a positive and a negative electrode. The particles contained in the first partial flow are positively charged and the particles of the second partial flow are negatively charged. Before the liquid is introduced into the centrifuge, both partial flows are combined in a collection tank, with the positively charged particles and the negatively charged particles conglomerating into larger particle aggregates due to the mutual electrostatic attraction. These conglomerates are then easier to separate from the liquid in a centrifugal field.

Die SU 5 51 036 offenbart eine Zentrifuge, die ein elektrostatisches Aufladen von Partikeln innerhalb einer nicht kontinuierlich arbeitenden Zentrifuge ermöglicht. Hierfür ist eine Elektrode in einer Zulaufkammer auf der Drehachse der Zentrifuge angeordnet. Nach der elektrostatischen Aufladung der Partikel werden diese in einen Trommelraum weitergeleitet, in welchem die Partikel in Feststoffsammeltaschen abgeschieden werden. Die geklärte Flüssigkeit wird anschließend aus der Zentrifuge abgeführt. Die Feststoffsammeltaschen sind in der Wandung der Zentrifuge eingelassen. Anders als bei einer üblichen Zentrifuge mit einem Tellerpaket ist bei dieser Zentrifuge allerdings kein kontinuierlicher Betrieb möglich, da die Sammeltaschen in regelmäßigen Abständen entleert werden müssen.The SU 5 51 036 discloses a centrifuge that enables electrostatic charging of particles within a discontinuous centrifuge. For this purpose, an electrode is arranged in an inlet chamber on the axis of rotation of the centrifuge. After the particles have been electrostatically charged, they are passed on to a drum room, in which the particles are separated into solids collection bags. The clarified liquid is then discharged from the centrifuge. The solids collection pockets are embedded in the wall of the centrifuge. In contrast to a conventional centrifuge with a disk pack, however, continuous operation is not possible with this centrifuge, since the collection bags have to be emptied at regular intervals.

Die US 1 558 382 A offenbart eine Verfahren zur Verarbeitung eines fließfähigen Produktes mit einer Zentrifuge, insbesondere einem Separator, mit vertikaler Drehachse mit einer vorzugsweise kontinuierlich arbeitenden drehbaren Zentrifugentrommel, in der ein Tellerpaket angeordnet ist, zumindest einen Produktablauf zum Austrag zumindest einer flüssigen Phase und zumindest einer Feststoffaustragsöffnung zum Austrag einer Feststoffphase, welches folgende Schritte aufweist:

  • Vorbehandeln des fließfähigen Produktes, so dass Teilchen in diesem Produkt verstärkt durch elektrisch aufgeladene Bauteile angezogen werden;
  • Zuleiten des fließfähigen Produktes in das Tellerpaket;
  • Aufladen der Teller des Tellerpakets; und
  • Abscheiden der aufgeladenen Teilchen aus dem fließfähigen Produkt innerhalb des Tellerpakets, und
  • Abführen der Feststoffphase kontinuierlich über die Feststoffaustragsöffnungen aus der Separatortrommel.
The U.S. 1,558,382 A discloses a method for processing a free-flowing product with a centrifuge, in particular a separator, with a vertical axis of rotation with a preferably continuously operating rotating centrifuge drum, in which a disk pack is arranged, at least one product outlet for discharging at least one liquid phase and at least one Solids discharge opening for discharging a solid phase, which has the following steps:
  • pretreating the flowable product so that particles in this product are more attracted to electrically charged components;
  • Feeding the free-flowing product into the plate pack;
  • loading the plates of the plate pack; and
  • separating the charged particles from the flowable product within the disk pack, and
  • The solid phase is discharged continuously from the separator drum via the solid discharge openings.

Weitgehend analoge Lösungen offenbaren die JP H03 143560 A und die JP H02 78454 A .Extensively analogous solutions reveal the JP H03 143560 A and the JP H02 78454 A .

Es ist die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, ausgehend vom Stand der Technik, ein Verfahren zur Verarbeitung eines fließfähigen Produktes zu schaffen und eine Zentrifuge bereitzustellen, welche einen alternativen Lösungsweg für eine bessere Abscheidung von Teilchen ermöglicht.It is the object of the present invention, starting from the prior art, to create a method for processing a flowable product and to provide a centrifuge which enables an alternative solution for a better separation of particles.

Die Erfindung löst diese Aufgabe durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 und eine Zentrifuge mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 8.The invention solves this problem by a method having the features of claim 1 and a centrifuge having the features of claim 8.

Erfindungsgemäß weist ein Verfahren zur Verarbeitung eines fließfähigen Produktes mit einer Zentrifuge, insbesondere einem Separator mit vertikaler Drehachse, mit einer drehbaren Zentrifugentrommel in der ein Tellerpaket, zumindest ein Produktablauf und zumindest eine Feststoffaustragsöffnung angeordnet ist, folgende Schritte auf:

  1. a) Vorbehandeln des fließfähigen Produktes, so dass Teilchen in diesem Produkt verstärkt durch elektrisch aufgeladene Bauteile angezogen werden;
  2. b) Zuleiten des fließfähigen Produktes zu dem Tellerpaket;
  3. c) Erzeugen einer elektrischen Ladung auf den Tellern des Tellerpakets und
  4. d) Abscheiden der aufgeladenen Teilchen aus dem fließfähigen Produkt innerhalb des Tellerpakets (und somit unter Einfluss von elektrostatischen Anziehungskräften und eines Zentrifugalfeldes)und
  5. e) Abführen der Feststoffphase SP diskontinuierlich in radialer Richtung über die Feststoffaustragsöffnungen aus der Separatortrommel, welche über einen Kolbenschieber geöffnet und geschlosser werden können.
According to the invention, a method for processing a flowable product with a centrifuge, in particular a separator with a vertical axis of rotation, with a rotatable centrifuge drum in which a disk pack, at least one product outlet and at least one solids discharge opening are arranged, has the following steps:
  1. a) pre-treating the flowable product so that particles in this product are attracted to electrically charged components to a greater extent;
  2. b) feeding the free-flowing product to the plate pack;
  3. c) Generation of an electrical charge on the plates of the plate pack and
  4. d) separating the charged particles from the flowable product within the disk pack (and thus under the influence of electrostatic attractive forces and a centrifugal field) and
  5. e) discharge of the solid phase SP discontinuously in the radial direction via the solid discharge openings from the separator drum, which can be opened and closed via a piston valve.

Durch den gezielten Einsatz elektrostatischer Kräfte in den Tellerspalten im Zentrifugalfeld einer Zentrifuge wird auf einfache Weise ein besseres Abscheideverhalten von Teilchen an den Tellern des Tellerpakets erreicht. Zudem bleiben die bereits abgeschiedenen Teilchen an der Tellerunterseite haften, so dass ein Kreuzen vom Teilchen- und vom Produktzulaufstrom am Telleraußendurchmesser verhindert wird und damit auch, dass bereits abgeschiedene Teilchen ein zweites (oder drittes, ...) Mal in das Tellerpaket gelangen können.Through the targeted use of electrostatic forces in the disc gaps in the centrifugal field of a centrifuge, a better separation behavior of particles on the discs of the disc pack is easily achieved. In addition, the particles that have already been separated stick to the underside of the discs, so that the particle and product feed streams are prevented from crossing at the outer diameter of the discs, and thus also that particles that have already been separated can get into the disc pack a second (or third, ...) time.

Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens sind der Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.Advantageous refinements of the method according to the invention are the subject matter of the dependent claims.

Um die Wirkung der elektrischen geladenen Teller auf die geladenen Teilchen über einen großen Bereich zu ermöglichen, ist es von Vorteil, wenn diese auf den Tellern des Tellerpakets durch eine Flächenladung erzeugt wird.In order to enable the effect of the electrically charged plates on the charged particles over a large area, it is advantageous if this is generated on the plates of the plate stack by a surface charge.

Besonders bevorzugt wird das elektrische Feld zwischen den Tellern des Tellerpakets und dem hiervon isolierten restlichen Teil der Zentrifuge durch Aufprägen einer Ladung ausgehend von einer Gleichspannungsquelle erzeugt.The electric field between the plates of the plate pack and the remaining part of the centrifuge insulated therefrom is particularly preferably generated by impressing a charge from a DC voltage source.

Dabei kann die Übertragung der positiven oder negativen Ladung von außen an ein Bauteil der Zentrifuge erfolgen, wobei ein Pol der Gleichspannungsquelle mit einer Außenwandung dieses Bauteils kontaktiert ist und dieses Bauteil aus elektrisch leitendem Material besteht. Nach der Ladungsübertragung wird diese Ladung auf das Tellerpaket der Zentrifuge weitergeleitet bzw. übertragen.In this case, the positive or negative charge can be transferred from the outside to a component of the centrifuge, with one pole of the DC voltage source being in contact with an outer wall of this component and this component being made of electrically conductive material. After the charge has been transferred, this charge is passed on or transferred to the disk pack of the centrifuge.

Das Vorbehandeln des Schrittes a) erfolgt vorzugsweise außerhalb der Trommel. Das Vorbehandeln erfolgt zudem vorzugsweie in einer Weise, dass die Teilchen von der Ladung des Tellerpakets angezogen werden.The pre-treatment of step a) preferably takes place outside the drum. In addition, the pre-treatment is preferably carried out in such a way that the particles are attracted by the charge on the stack of plates.

Das Vorbehandeln in Schritt a) kann nach einer ersten vorteilhaften Variante der Erfindung durch ein elektrostatisches Aufladen der Teilchen erfolgen, beispielsweise außerhalb der Zentrifuge. Dabei wird das zu verarbeitende Produkt an einer positiv oder negativ geladenen Elektrode vorbeigeführt, wobei Teilchen, beispielsweise Feststoffteilchen, an der Elektrode vor dem Eintritt in die Zentrifuge aufgeladen werden. Diese Elektrode ist vorzugsweise außerhalb der Trommel angeordnet. Denkbar ist es aber auch, sie in den Zulauf der Trommel zu integrieren.According to a first advantageous variant of the invention, the pretreatment in step a) can be carried out by electrostatically charging the particles, for example outside the centrifuge. The product to be processed is guided past a positively or negatively charged electrode, with particles, for example solid particles, being charged on the electrode before they enter the centrifuge. This electrode is preferably outside of the drum arranged. However, it is also conceivable to integrate them into the inlet of the drum.

Während des Abscheidens werden diese aufgeladenen Teilchen von den elektrostatisch aufgeladenen Tellern verstärkt in Richtung der Telleroberfläche gezogen, wo sie sich abscheiden und dann haften bleiben.During deposition, these charged particles are increasingly pulled by the electrostatically charged plates towards the plate surface, where they are deposited and then stick.

Das Vorbehandeln in Schritt a) kann nach einer alternativen Variante der Erfindung aber auch durch Zugabe eines Ferrofluides erfolgen, um derart den vorstehend genannten Effekt zu erreichen.According to an alternative variant of the invention, the pretreatment in step a) can also be carried out by adding a ferrofluid in order to achieve the above-mentioned effect in this way.

Nach dem Abscheiden der Teilchen in Schritt d) kann vorteilhaft ein Ausschalten und/oder Entladen des elektrischen Feldes am Tellerpaket erfolgen, so dass die abgeschiedenen Teilchen leichter von der Oberfläche des Tellers in den Feststoffraum abrutschen.After the particles have been separated in step d), the electrical field on the stack of plates can advantageously be switched off and/or discharged, so that the separated particles slide off the surface of the plate more easily into the solids space.

Während der Umpolung oder dem Ausschalten des elektrischen Feldes verringert sich der Abscheidungsgrad um einige Prozent. Um daher überflüssiges Umpolen oder Ausschalten vorteilhaft zu vermeiden, kann das Abscheiden, beispielsweise durch eine Sonde an einem Produktablauf der flüssigen Phase bzw. Flüssigphase, überwacht werden. Überschreitet der Anteil an Feststoffen einen vorgegebenen Wert, so ist die Abscheidung auf den Teller ungenügend. Durch die Überwachung der Abscheidung kann das Verfahren an das jeweilige Produkt angepasst werden.During polarity reversal or when the electric field is switched off, the degree of separation decreases by a few percent. In order to advantageously avoid unnecessary polarity reversal or switching off, the separation can be monitored, for example by a probe at a product outlet of the liquid phase or liquid phase. If the proportion of solids exceeds a specified value, the separation on the plate is insufficient. By monitoring the deposition, the process can be adapted to the respective product.

Alternativ kann während des Umpolens bzw. Ausschaltens des elektrischen Feldes der Zulauf geschlossen werden.Alternatively, the inlet can be closed during the polarity reversal or switching off of the electric field.

Erfindungsgemäß weist eine Zentrifuge, insbesondere Separator, eine Zentrifugentrommel, insbesondere eine kontinuierlich betreibbare Separatortrommel mit vertikaler Drehachse, auf, in der ein Tellerpaket angeordnet ist, wobei die Zentrifugentrommel zumindest einen Produktzulauf zum Zuführen eines zu verarbeitenden Produktes, ein Tellerpaket zur Phasentrennung und wenigstens einen Ablauf zum Ableiten einer flüssigen Phase und einen Ablauf zum Ableiten wenigstens einer weiteren Phase, insbesondere einer flüssigen Phase oder einer Feststoffphase, aufweist. Die Zentrifuge weist zudem zumindest ein Mittel auf, zur Erzeugung einer elektrischen Ladung auf den Tellern des Tellerpakets bzw. in Tellerspalten des Tellerpakets. Dabei erfolgt das Abführen der Feststoffphase diskontinuierlich in radialer Richtung über Feststoffaustragsöffnungen aus der Separatortrommel, welche über einen Kolbenschieber geöffnet und geschlossen werden könnenAccording to the invention, a centrifuge, in particular a separator, has a centrifuge drum, in particular a continuously operable separator drum with a vertical axis of rotation, in which a disk pack is arranged, the centrifuge drum having at least one product inlet for feeding in a product to be processed, a disk pack for phase separation and at least one outlet for discharging a liquid phase and an outlet for discharging at least one further phase, in particular a liquid phase or a solid phase. The centrifuge also has at least one means for generating an electrical charge on the plates of the plate pack or in the plate gaps of the plate pack. The solid phase is discharged discontinuously in the radial direction via solid discharge openings from the separator drum, which can be opened and closed via a piston valve

Bei einem Separator mit elektrostatisch aufgeladenen Tellern, erfolgt ein Abscheiden von Teilchen in dem Bereich einer Zentrifuge, an welcher auch üblicherweise die Abscheidung ohne den zusätzlichen Einfluss von Elektrostatik erfolgt. Sofern ein Produkt mit aufgeladenen Teilchen mit der Zentrifuge verarbeitet wird, wird die Abscheidungsrate dieser geladenen Teilchen verbessert, zudem wird ein Kreuzen der bereits abgeschiedenen Teilchen mit dem Produktzulaufstrom verhindert.In the case of a separator with electrostatically charged plates, particles are separated in the area of a centrifuge, on which separation also usually takes place without the additional influence of electrostatics. When a product containing charged particles is processed with the centrifuge, the separation rate of these charged particles is improved and the already separated particles are prevented from crossing the product feed stream.

Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der erfindungsgemäßen Zentrifuge sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.Advantageous configurations of the centrifuge according to the invention are the subject matter of the dependent claims.

Zur Erzeugung einer elektrischen Ladung auf den Tellern eines Tellerpakets kann eine geeignete Gleichspannungsquelle genutzt werden, wobei die Höhe der erzeugten Spannung vorzugsweise verstellbar ist. Dabei liegt an einer Stelle des Separators ein positiver Pol an und an einer anderen Stelle des Separators ein negativer Pol. Einer der Pole steht leitend mit dem Tellerpaket in Verbindung. Dabei ist das Tellerpaket durch eine Beschichtung oder sonstiges nichtleitendes Material von der Außenwandung der Zentrifugentrommel elektrisch isoliert, so dass es nicht durch Kontakt der beiden Bauelemente zu einem Kurzschluss kommen kann.A suitable DC voltage source can be used to generate an electrical charge on the plates of a plate stack, with the level of the generated voltage preferably being adjustable. In this case, there is a positive pole at one point on the separator and a negative pole at another point on the separator. One of the poles is conductively connected to the plate stack. The stack of plates is electrically insulated from the outer wall of the centrifuge drum by a coating or other non-conductive material, so that contact between the two components cannot lead to a short circuit.

Ein geeignetes Spannungsniveau für eine solche Gleichspannungsquelle liegt im Bereich zwischen 5000 und 20000 Volt.A suitable voltage level for such a DC voltage source is in the range between 5000 and 20000 volts.

Um eine einfache Bedienbarkeit zu ermöglichen, ist das Mittel zur Erzeugung einer elektrischen Ladung auf den Tellern des Tellerpakets vorzugsweise außerhalb der Zentrifugentrommel angeordnet.In order to enable simple operability, the means for generating an electrical charge on the plates of the plate pack is preferably arranged outside of the centrifuge drum.

In einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung kann ein erster Pol der Gleichspannungsquelle mit positiver oder negativer Ladung an der Außenwandung eines Pumpenelementes der Zentrifuge angeordnet sein, der mit dem Tellerpaket verbunden ist. Dazu muss der Pol lediglich am Pumpenelement angebracht werden, weitere konstruktive Anpassungen der Zentrifugentrommel sind nicht notwendig. Dies ist von Vorteil, da somit auch eine bereits existierende Zentrifuge noch nachgerüstet werden kann.In an advantageous embodiment, a first pole of the DC voltage source with a positive or negative charge can be arranged on the outer wall of a pump element of the centrifuge, which is connected to the plate stack. To do this, the pole only has to be attached to the pump element, further structural adjustments to the centrifuge drum are not necessary. This is an advantage because it means that an existing centrifuge can also be retrofitted.

Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels anhand einer Zeichnung näher beschrieben. Es zeigt:
Fig.1 eine geschnittene Teilansicht einer Separatortrommel in hermetisch geschlossener Bauart.The invention is described in more detail below using an exemplary embodiment and a drawing. It shows:
Fig.1 a sectional partial view of a separator drum in hermetically sealed design.

Eine drehbare Separatortrommel 1 mit vertikaler Drehachse D ist auf eine Drehspindel 2 gesetzt, welche mit einem Direktantrieb oder durch einen Riemenantrieb, hier nicht dargestellt, angetrieben wird.A rotatable separator drum 1 with a vertical axis of rotation D is placed on a rotary spindle 2, which is driven by a direct drive or by a belt drive, not shown here.

Die Drehspindel 2 ist entlang eines oberen Umfangsbereichs konisch geformt und mit einem Befestigungsmittel 6 am Trommelunterteil 20 befestigt.The rotary spindle 2 has a conical shape along an upper peripheral area and is fastened to the lower drum part 20 with a fastening means 6 .

An einen Produktzulauf 4 schließt sich ein sich im Betrieb mit drehendes Produktzulaufrohr 5 an, welches konzentrisch zur Drehachse D ausgerichtet ist. Aus dem Produktzulaufrohr 5 läuft das Produkt P in einen Verteiler 7 mit Verteilerbohrungen oder -rippen, aus denen das fließfähige Produkt z.B. in radialer Richtung in das Innere der Separatortrommel 1 austreten kann. Denkbar ist es auch (hier nicht dargestellt), das Produkt aus dem Verteiler in wenigstens einen Steigekanal im Tellerpaket zu leiten.A product feed pipe 5 , which rotates during operation and is aligned concentrically to the axis of rotation D, is connected to a product feed 4 . The product P runs from the product feed pipe 5 into a distributor 7 with distributor bores or ribs, from which the free-flowing product can exit, e.g. in a radial direction into the interior of the separator drum 1. It is also conceivable (not shown here) to direct the product from the distributor into at least one riser channel in the plate stack.

Im Inneren der Separatortrommel 1 fließt das zulaufende Produkt in Tellerspalte zwischen axial mittel Abstandhaltern voneinander beabstandeten konischen Tellern eines Tellerpakets 11.Inside the separator drum 1, the inflowing product flows into disc gaps between conical discs of a disc pack 11, spaced apart axially by means of spacers.

In den Tellerspalten erfolgt ein Klären des Produktes (und ggf. auch eine Trennung in zwei oder mehr Flüssigkeitsphasen), indem sich Feststoffteilchen des fließfähigen Produktes an den Tellerunterseiten abscheiden, die von dort in einen Feststoffsammelraum 8 austreten können. Von dort aus wird die Feststoffphase SP hier diskontinuierlich in radialer Richtung über Feststoffaustragsöffnungen 10 aus der Separatortrommel 1 abgeführt, welche über einen Kolbenschieber 9 geöffnet und geschlossen werden können. Die flüssige Phase LP wird zu einem Pumpenelement 12 geleitet und von dort durch einen Produktablauf 13 abgeleitet.The product is clarified in the plate gaps (and possibly also separated into two or more liquid phases), in that solid particles of the free-flowing product are deposited on the underside of the plates, which can escape from there into a solids collection space 8 . From there, the solid phase SP is discharged discontinuously in the radial direction via solid discharge openings 10 from the separator bowl 1, which can be opened and closed by a piston valve 9. The liquid phase LP is conducted to a pump element 12 and discharged from there through a product outlet 13 .

Eine bessere Abscheidung von Feststoffteilchen in den Tellerspalten eines Tellerpakets wird im vorliegenden Fall durch Beaufschlagung des Tellerpakets 11 mit einer elektrischen Ladung ermöglicht. Dies führt auch dazu, dass bereits abgeschiedene Teilchen an der Tellerunterseite haften bleiben.A better separation of solid particles in the plate gaps of a plate pack is made possible in the present case by applying an electrical charge to the plate pack 11 . This also means that particles that have already been separated stick to the underside of the plate.

Hierfür ist eine Außenwandung 18 der Separatortrommel 1 bzw. eine Außenwandung 19 des Pumpenelements 12 über jeweils eine elektrische Leitung 15a bzw. 15b mit einem positiven und einem negativen Pol einer Gleichspannungsquelle 14 verbunden.For this purpose, an outer wall 18 of the separator drum 1 or an outer wall 19 of the pump element 12 is connected to a positive and a negative pole of a DC voltage source 14 via an electrical line 15a or 15b.

Ein gut von außen zugängliches Bauteil, hier die Außenwandung 19 des Pumpenelements 12, besteht aus einem elektrisch-leitenden Material und ist leitend mit dem Tellerpaket verbunden, so dass dieses je nach Anschluss an die Gleichspannungsquelle positiv oder negativ geladen wird. Ein anderes Bauteil, wie z.B. die eigentliche Separatortrommel 1 wird entgegengesetzt gepolt.A component that is easily accessible from the outside, here the outer wall 19 of the pump element 12, consists of an electrically conductive material and is conductively connected to the disk pack, so that it is charged positively or negatively depending on the connection to the DC voltage source. Another component, such as the actual separator drum 1, has the opposite polarity.

Um einen Kurzschluss zu vermeiden, ist das Tellerpaket 11 zur Innenwandung der Separatortrommel 1 isoliert, hier durch eine oder mehrere nichtleitende Materialschichten 16, 17 oberhalb und unterhalb des Tellerpakets 11. Der Verteiler 7 ist zudem durch eine obere Materialschicht 17 und eine untere Materialschicht 21 isoliert.In order to avoid a short circuit, the plate pack 11 is insulated from the inner wall of the separator drum 1, here by one or more non-conductive material layers 16, 17 above and below the plate pack 11. The distributor 7 is also insulated by an upper material layer 17 and a lower material layer 21 .

Zusätzlich dazu kann auch das Trommelunterteil 20 gegen die Drehspindel 2 durch eine elektrisch nichtleitende Materialschicht 22 isoliert sein.In addition to this, the lower drum part 20 can also be insulated from the rotary spindle 2 by an electrically non-conductive material layer 22 .

Das Produktzulaufrohr 5 und der Verteiler 7 bestehen vorzugsweise aus einem elektrisch nichtleitendem Material oder weisen eine nichtleitende Beschichtung auf, damit die vorzugsweise vor dem Eintritt in die Trommel bereits geladenen Teile sich nicht bereits hier an den Bauelementen absetzen oder entladen.The product feed pipe 5 and the distributor 7 are preferably made of an electrically non-conductive material or have a non-conductive coating so that the parts, which are preferably already charged before entering the drum, do not already settle on the components or discharge here.

Im Folgenden wird die Funktionsweise des Separators von Fig. 1 anhand eines Verfahrens zur Verarbeitung, insbesondere zur Klärung, eines fließfähigen Produktes näher erläutert.The following describes how the separator works 1 explained in more detail using a process for processing, in particular for clarification, of a free-flowing product.

Ergänzend erfolgt eine Vorbehandlung nach Art des Schrittes a) des Anspruchs 1. Nach einer Variante dieser Vorbehandlung wird das Produkt zunächst vor dem Eintritt in die sich drehende Separatortrommel an einer negativ oder positiv geladenen Elektrode einer Gleichspannungsquelle vorbeigeführt, so dass sich die Feststoffteilchen im Produkt elektrisch aufladen. Diese Elektrode kann auch alternativ im Produktzulauf 4 oder im Zulaufrohr 5 angeordnet sein. Das Laden der Feststoffteilchen kann aber auch an anderer Stelle vor dem Eintritt des Produktstromes in den Tellerspalt des Tellerpakets 11 erfolgen. Ein geeignetes Spannungsniveau für eine solche Gleichspannungsquelle liegt im Bereich zwischen 5000 und 20000 Volt.In addition, there is a pretreatment in the manner of step a) of claim 1. According to a variant of this pretreatment, the product is first guided past a negatively or positively charged electrode of a DC voltage source before entering the rotating separator drum, so that the solid particles in the product are electrically charge. Alternatively, this electrode can also be arranged in the product inlet 4 or in the inlet pipe 5 . However, the loading of the solid particles can also take place elsewhere before the product flow enters the disc gap of the disc stack 11 . A suitable one The voltage level for such a DC voltage source is in the range between 5000 and 20000 volts.

Sofern das Aufladen der Feststoffteilchen vor dem Eintritt des fließfähigen Produktstroms in den Separator erfolgt, ist es von Vorteil, wenn das Produktzuleitungsrohr 5 und der Verteiler 7 aus nichtleitendem Material bestehen oder mit nichtleitendem Material beschichtet sind, damit das Abscheiden vorzugsweise nur im Tellerpaket erfolgt.If the solid particles are charged before the free-flowing product stream enters the separator, it is advantageous if the product feed pipe 5 and the distributor 7 are made of non-conductive material or are coated with non-conductive material so that the separation preferably only takes place in the plate stack.

Nach dem Einlauf des Produktes in die Trommel 1 tritt es in die Tellerspalte des Tellerpakts 11 ein. Dabei ist die Ladung der Teilchen des Produkts entgegengesetzt zur Ladung der Teller, so dass der Teller eine elektrostatische Anziehung auf die geladenen Teilchen ausübt, die sich vermehrt an den Tellern sammeln. Die Tellerspalte setzen sich daher mit der Zeit immer weiter zu.After the product has entered the drum 1, it enters the disc gaps of the pack of discs 11. The charge on the particles of the product is opposite to the charge on the plates, so that the plate exerts an electrostatic attraction on the charged particles, which increasingly collect on the plates. The plate gaps therefore continue to clog over time.

Durch ein Umpolen oder Ausschalten der Gleichspannungsquelle 14 erfolgt sodann ein Abstoßen der angesammelten Teilchen, insbesondere der Feststoffteilchen, von der Telleroberfläche und ein Transport der Feststoffteilchen in den Feststoffsammelraum 8 (vorzugsweise bei unterbrochenem Zulauf).By reversing the polarity or switching off the DC voltage source 14, the accumulated particles, in particular the solid particles, are then repelled from the plate surface and the solid particles are transported into the solids collection chamber 8 (preferably with an interrupted feed).

Wie bereits erläutert, setzt sich das Tellerpaket mit der Zeit zu. Daher ist es von Vorteil, wenn dies (z.B. anhand der Zulaufmenge oder der Ablaufmenge) im Betrieb geeignet überwacht wird und wenn in Abhängigkeit von der Überwachung - oder periodisch in vorgegebenen Zeitabständen - eine Umpolung des Tellerpakets und ggf. eine Entleerung der Trommel erfolgt, um die angesetzten Teilchen auszuspülen. Hierzu ist die Gleichspannungsquelle vorzugsweise an das Steuer- und Regelsystem der Zentrifuge angeschlossen (hier nicht dargestellt).As already explained, the plate stack clogs over time. It is therefore advantageous if this is suitably monitored during operation (e.g. based on the inflow volume or the outflow volume) and if, depending on the monitoring - or periodically at specified time intervals - the polarity of the disk stack is reversed and the drum is emptied, if necessary, in order to to rinse out the attached particles. For this purpose, the DC voltage source is preferably connected to the control and regulation system of the centrifuge (not shown here).

In Fig.1 ist ein Separator abgebildet, welcher eine Fest-Flüssig-Trennung ermöglicht. Allerdings kann das Verfahren analog auch auf Drei-Phasen-Separatoren angewandt werden. Alternativ zur Bauform eines Separators, bei dem die Separatortrommel 1 auf eine Drehspindel 2 aufgesetzt ist, kann die Abscheidung von Feststoffen auf einem aufgeladenen Tellerpaket bei anderen Bauformen z.B. mit hängenden Trommeln eingesetzt werden.In Fig.1 a separator is shown, which enables solid-liquid separation. However, the method can also be applied analogously to three-phase separators. As an alternative to the design of a separator, in which the separator drum 1 is placed on a rotating spindle 2, the separation of solids on a charged plate stack can be used in other designs, for example with hanging drums.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren und die Zentrifuge eignen sich für verschiedenste Produkte, insbesondere jedoch zur Reinigung eines verunreinigten Öls.The method according to the invention and the centrifuge are suitable for a wide variety of products, but in particular for cleaning a contaminated oil.

Anzumerken ist noch, dass die Ausgestaltung als hermetisch geschlossene Maschine mit drehendem Zulaufrohr und einem anleitenden Pumpenelement, bei welcher das Produkt durch die Maschine gepumpt wird, zwar bevorzugt wird, nicht aber zwingend ist.It should also be noted that although the design as a hermetically sealed machine with a rotating inlet pipe and a guiding pump element, in which the product is pumped through the machine, is preferred, it is not mandatory.

BezugszeichenlisteReference List

11
Separatortrommelseparator drum
22
Drehspindelturning spindle
44
Produktzulaufproduct feed
55
Produktzulaufrohrproduct inlet pipe
66
Befestigungsmittelfasteners
77
Verteilerdistributor
88th
Feststoffsammelraumsolids collection space
99
Kolbenschieberpiston slider
1010
Feststoffaustragsöffnungsolids discharge opening
1111
Tellerpaketplate pack
1212
Pumpenelementpump element
1313
Produktablaufproduct expiration
1414
GleichspannungsquelleDC voltage source
15a, b15a, b
Stromleitungenpower lines
1616
nichtleitende Materialschichtennon-conductive material layers
1717
nichtleitende Materialschichtennon-conductive material layers
1818
Außenwand SeparatortrommelOuter wall separator drum
1919
Außenwand Pumpenelementouter wall of the pump element
2020
Trommelunterteildrum base
2121
nichtleitende Materialschichtennon-conductive material layers
2222
nichtleitende Materialschichtennon-conductive material layers
DD
Drehachseaxis of rotation
SPSP
Feststoffphasesolid phase
LPLP
Flüssigkeitsphaseliquid phase
PP
Produktproduct

Claims (15)

  1. Method for processing a flowable product (P) using a centrifuge, in particular a separator, having a vertical axis of rotation (D) with a preferably continuously operating rotatable separator drum (1) in which a disc stack (11) is arranged, at least one product outlet (13) for discharging at least one liquid phase (LP) and at least one solids discharge opening (10) for discharging a solid phase (SP), characterized by the following steps:
    a) pretreating the flowable product (P) so that particles in this product are increasingly attracted by electrically charged components;
    b) feeding the flowable product (P) into the disc stack (11);
    c) charging the discs of the disc stack (11); and
    d) separating the charged particles from the flowable product (P) within the disc stack (11), and
    discharge of the solid phase SP discontinuously in the radial direction via the solid discharge openings (10) from the separator drum (1), which can be opened and closed by a piston slide (9).
  2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the generation of the electrical charge on the disc stack (11) is effected by applying a pole of a DC voltage source (14) directly to the disc stack (11) or to a part of the separator drum (1) conductively connected to the disc stack.
  3. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that the disc stack (11) is charged or polarized in the opposite direction to the charge of the particles of the product.
  4. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the disc stack (11) is reversed in polarity or disconnected from the DC voltage source.
  5. Method according to claim 4, characterized in that the reversal or switching off of the electric field takes place periodically in time or as a function of the clarification behavior in the disc stack (11).
  6. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pretreatment of step a) is carried out by electrically charging particles of the flowable product (P).
  7. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pretreatment in step a) is carried out before the product is introduced into the rotating drum (11).
  8. Centrifuge, in particular separator with a separator drum, in particular a separator drum (1) having a vertical axis of rotation (D) in which a disc stack (11) is arranged, wherein the separator drum (1) has at least one product feed pipe (5) for feeding a product to be processed, a disc stack (11) for phase separation and at least one outlet (13) for discharging a liquid phase and an outlet (10) for discharging at least one further phase, in particular a liquid phase or a solid phase, wherein the centrifuge is designed to carry an electric charge on the discs of the disc stack (11), characterized in that the solid phase SP is discharged discontinuously in the radial direction via solid discharge openings (10) from the separator drum (1), which can be opened and closed via a piston slide (9).
  9. Centrifuge according to claim 8, characterized in that an electric charge is applied to the discs of a disc stack with the aid of a direct voltage source (14).
  10. Centrifuge according to one of the preceding claims 8 or 9, characterized in that the disc stack (11) is electrically insulated by means of insulating layers (16, 17) from the distributor (7) and the inner wall of the separator drum (1).
  11. Centrifuge according to one of the preceding claims 8 to 10, characterized in that a product feed pipe (5) adjacent to the product feed (4), a rotary spindle attachment (6), a rotary spindle (2) and/or a rotary spindle mount are made of an electrically non-conductive material or are coated with an electrically non-conductive material (21, 22).
  12. Centrifuge according to one of the preceding claims 8 to 11, characterized in that the means for generating an electric charge on the discs of the disc stack (11) is arranged outside the separator drum (1).
  13. Centrifuge according to one of the preceding claims 8 to 12, characterized in that a first pole of the DC voltage source (14) is connected to a component of the centrifuge which is conductively connected to the disc stack (11).
  14. Centrifuge according to claim 13, characterized in that the second pole of the DC voltage source (14) is connected to a drum part which is electrically non-conductively connected to the disc stack.
  15. Centrifuge according to claim 14, characterized in that it is designed as a hermetically sealed construction.
EP18795413.6A 2017-10-26 2018-10-23 Method for processing a flowable product and centrifuge Active EP3700678B1 (en)

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DE102017125057.3A DE102017125057A1 (en) 2017-10-26 2017-10-26 Process for processing a flowable product and centrifuge
PCT/EP2018/078970 WO2019081469A1 (en) 2017-10-26 2018-10-23 Method for processing a flowable product and centrifuge

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EP3700678B1 true EP3700678B1 (en) 2023-08-30

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US (1) US11660612B2 (en)
EP (1) EP3700678B1 (en)
CN (1) CN111212690A (en)
AR (1) AR113788A1 (en)
DE (1) DE102017125057A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2019081469A1 (en)

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1558382A (en) * 1923-07-13 1925-10-20 Marx Alfred Electrocentrifugal separator
NL108445C (en) * 1959-11-30
NL128415C (en) * 1963-01-26
SU551036A1 (en) 1974-06-10 1977-03-25 Ленинградский Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Инженерно-Строительный Институт Electric Centrifugal Cleaner
DE2916856A1 (en) * 1979-04-26 1980-11-06 Hoechst Ag SEPARATOR
JPH0278454A (en) 1988-09-14 1990-03-19 Mitsubishi Agricult Mach Co Ltd Centrifugal electrostatic oil cleaner
JPH082427B2 (en) * 1989-10-25 1996-01-17 三菱農機株式会社 Detection structure in centrifugal electrostatic oil purifier
RU2091168C1 (en) * 1995-12-04 1997-09-27 Акционерное общество научно-производственное предприятие "Конверсия" Apparatus for purifying dielectric liquids
SE527934C2 (en) * 2004-06-03 2006-07-11 Alfa Laval Corp Ab An apparatus and method for purifying a gas
SE528750C2 (en) * 2005-06-27 2007-02-06 3Nine Ab Method and apparatus for separating particles from a gas stream
DE102006022156A1 (en) 2006-05-12 2007-11-29 Westfalia Separator Ag Method and device for the treatment of liquids
US20160375447A1 (en) 2015-06-24 2016-12-29 Hirata Corporation Electric dust collector of cyclone separator

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EP3700678A1 (en) 2020-09-02
CN111212690A (en) 2020-05-29
US20200338572A1 (en) 2020-10-29
DE102017125057A1 (en) 2019-05-02
US11660612B2 (en) 2023-05-30
WO2019081469A1 (en) 2019-05-02
AR113788A1 (en) 2020-06-10

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