EP3696837B1 - Dispositif de protection contre les chocs électriques ou de protection en cas de surintensité - Google Patents

Dispositif de protection contre les chocs électriques ou de protection en cas de surintensité Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3696837B1
EP3696837B1 EP20151158.1A EP20151158A EP3696837B1 EP 3696837 B1 EP3696837 B1 EP 3696837B1 EP 20151158 A EP20151158 A EP 20151158A EP 3696837 B1 EP3696837 B1 EP 3696837B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
current
monitored
series
inductive component
currents
Prior art date
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Active
Application number
EP20151158.1A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3696837A1 (fr
Inventor
Günter Grünebast
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Doepke Schaltgerate GmbH
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Doepke Schaltgerate GmbH
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Publication of EP3696837A1 publication Critical patent/EP3696837A1/fr
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/02—Bases, casings, or covers
    • H01H9/0271—Bases, casings, or covers structurally combining a switch and an electronic component
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H2231/00—Applications
    • H01H2231/036—Radio; TV

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for protection against electric shock or for protection against overcurrent for at least one power line to be monitored, with at least one inductive component arranged electrically in series with the power line to be monitored, which acts directly or indirectly on a switch lock which is mechanically coupled to at least one switching contact arranged electrically in series with the power line to be monitored, wherein in a device for protection against electric shock the inductive component is a primary winding of a summation current transformer and wherein in a device for protection against overcurrent the inductive component is an air coil of a short-circuit current release.
  • Devices for protection against electric shock and overcurrent are known from the state of the art. The use of these devices is required by relevant international and national installation regulations. These devices can be, for example, residual current devices or overcurrent devices.
  • Residual current devices are primarily used to protect against electric shock and against electrically ignited fires in electrical systems. To detect residual currents, they have a summation current transformer through which the power lines to be monitored are routed. The vectorial sum of the currents (load currents) in the power lines to be monitored is recorded by the summation current transformer and represents a measure of the fault current. In a fault-free state, the currents flowing forward and backward (load currents) through the summation current transformer are zero. In the event of an insulation fault to earth, the return flow does not occur completely through the summation current transformer, depending on the fault resistance.
  • the current sum resulting in the summation current transformer is not zero.
  • the fault current is recorded as a differential current in the summation current transformer.
  • An evaluation circuit with an associated tripping relay is arranged electrically downstream of the summation current transformer, which, if a permissible fault current limit is exceeded, causes the switching contacts arranged in the power lines to be monitored to open via a switching mechanism, which ensures that a downstream electrical system is safely disconnected from the supplying power network in the event of a fault.
  • the summation current transformer of a residual current device usually consists of a magnetic core, which is usually designed as a toroid and which has an equal number of primary windings depending on the number of power lines to be monitored.
  • One primary winding is arranged electrically in series with each power line to be monitored, through which the load currents flow.
  • the summation current transformer also has at least one secondary winding. This secondary winding is electrically connected to the evaluation circuit.
  • the primary windings together with the magnetic core form an inductance.
  • the level of inductance is determined by the number of turns of each primary winding and the magnetic permeability of the magnetic core material.
  • the current sum recorded by the summation current transformer is zero if there is no insulation fault in an electrical system and the forward and return current (load current) are equal. Due to the opposite current direction of the forward and return current, the difference in phase is 180 degrees and thus the current sum in the summation current transformer is zero.
  • the inductance of the summation current transformer is not effective in this case and does not represent a burden for the load current in the forward and return conductors.
  • the summation current transformer essentially records a differential current due to the currents in the forward and return conductors not adding up to zero.
  • the inductance of the summation current transformer becomes effective and represents a negative burden for the higher frequency load currents in the forward and return conductors.
  • a residual current device is usually optimised for residual currents of the rated frequency.
  • the rated frequency is usually 50 Hz or 60 Hz. For the currents of higher frequencies mentioned above (> 1 MHz), there is therefore no shutdown in principle.
  • Overcurrent protection devices designed as a circuit breaker are disclosed. Overcurrent protection devices offer protection against overcurrents, short circuits and also protection against electric shock. This protects electrical circuits and connected equipment as well as people.
  • Circuit breakers typically have two tripping functions.
  • a short-circuit current release switches off the circuit breaker immediately when a defined current limit is exceeded.
  • An overload release causes a delayed switch-off for currents in the overload range above a specified tripping current of 1.45 times the rated current. The time until switch-off depends on the level of the overload current. Switch-off is carried out by mechanically unlatching a switch lock. Unlatching the switch lock opens the switch contacts and thus interrupts the flow of current in the power lines to be monitored. This ensures that a downstream electrical system is safely disconnected from the supplying power network in the event of a short circuit or overload.
  • the short-circuit current release is usually implemented by a fixed inductance designed as an air coil with several turns and a movable ferromagnetic component (armature).
  • the air coil is arranged in series with the power line to be monitored. If there is a short-circuit current in the power line to be monitored, a large magnetic field is generated in the air coil. This magnetic field causes the movable ferromagnetic component to move. This movement causes the switch lock to be unlatched immediately in order to quickly switch off the short-circuit current.
  • the inductance which is designed as an air coil with several turns, permanently represents a burden for the electrical current flowing through it with its reactance.
  • This air coil therefore represents an undesirably high electrical burden in a negative way, particularly for higher frequency currents.
  • the inductive components of residual current devices and overcurrent protection devices described above therefore represent represents a negative electrical burden, particularly for higher frequency currents in the power lines to be monitored.
  • a technology known in the state of the art and widely used is known as PowerLan, which uses existing electrical power lines in the low-voltage network to set up a local network for data transmission.
  • the data signal is modulated onto the electrical power lines in the high frequency range, usually between 2 and 68 MHz, using special PowerLan adapters.
  • the above-mentioned residual current devices or overcurrent protection devices are arranged in the electrical power lines for protection, this is disadvantageous because the inductive components of residual current devices or overcurrent protection devices represent a significant electrical burden for the high frequency data signals in a negative way. Due to this burden, data transmission, for example between several low-voltage distributions that contain residual current devices or overcurrent protection devices for protection purposes, is not possible or only possible to a very limited extent.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of demonstrating devices for protection against electric shock and for protection against overcurrent, which have a low electrical burden, in particular for currents with high-frequency components flowing in power lines to be monitored.
  • At least one capacitance designed as a capacitor is electrically connected in parallel to the inductive component of a device for protection against electric shock or for protection against overcurrent.
  • the capacitance electrically connected to the inductance thus represents a bypass for currents with a high frequency. This enables currents with a high frequency to flow without loss and without hindrance.
  • the device according to the invention is a residual current device.
  • at least one capacitor is electrically connected in parallel to at least one primary winding of the summation current transformer.
  • an inductance is additionally electrically connected in series with the secondary winding of the summation current transformer. This inductance ensures that high-frequency components in the current coupled from the primary windings to the secondary winding of the summation current transformer are not negatively influenced by the evaluation circuit.
  • the above-mentioned object is achieved according to the invention for the device for protection against overcurrent in that at least one capacitor is electrically connected in parallel to the inductive component and in series with the power line to be monitored.
  • the device according to the invention is an overcurrent protection device.
  • a capacitor is electrically connected in parallel to the inductance, which is designed as a component of the short-circuit current release and as an air coil with several turns.
  • the short-circuit current release is therefore an inductive component.
  • the capacitor electrically connected to the inductance thus represents a bypass for currents with a high frequency. This ensures that components of the current with a high frequency can flow without loss and without hindrance.
  • the overcurrent protection device can be a circuit breaker, which preferably has at least one inductor Short-circuit current release, whereby a capacitance is electrically connected in parallel to the short-circuit current release.
  • a known device 1 for protection against electric shock designed as a residual current device, has a summation current transformer 2 which consists of at least two primary windings 3 and at least one secondary winding 4.
  • the primary windings 3 are electrically connected in series with the power lines 13 to be monitored.
  • the secondary winding 4 is connected to an evaluation circuit 6. If a certain residual current limit is exceeded, a voltage signal is generated at the output of the evaluation circuit 6 and causes the tripping relay 7, which is electrically connected to the output of the evaluation circuit 6, to unlatch the 7 mechanically coupled switch lock 8.
  • the release of the switch lock 8 causes the switching contacts 9 arranged electrically in series with the power lines 13 to be monitored to be opened, so that in the event of a fault the current flow in the power lines 13 to be monitored is interrupted.
  • the device 1 has a test circuit 10 which consists of a series connection of a test resistor 11 and a test button 12.
  • FIG. 2 shows a first embodiment of the inventive device 1 for protection against electric shock, designed as a residual current device.
  • Each primary winding 3 consists of at least one turn, with all primary windings having the same number of turns.
  • an inductance results for each primary winding.
  • a capacitor 14 is electrically connected in parallel to each inductance consisting of at least one primary winding 3 of the summation current transformer 2. This is advantageous because each capacitor 14 electrically connected to a primary winding 3 represents a bypass for high-frequency currents. This enables high-frequency currents to flow loss-free and unhindered through the power lines 13 to be monitored.
  • Figure 3 shows a further development of the inventive device.
  • An inductance 15 is electrically connected in series with the secondary winding 4 of the summation current transformer 2 and the evaluation circuit 6.
  • the inductance 15 advantageously ensures that high-frequency components (> 1 MHz) in the current coupled from the primary windings 3 to the secondary winding 4 of the summation current transformer are not negatively influenced by the evaluation circuit 6.
  • the evaluation circuit 6 usually has on the input side, there are components for limiting the voltage. These components have negative parasitic capacitances which have a low-impedance burden for currents with a high frequency (> 1 MHz).
  • the inventive inductance 15 arranged electrically in series advantageously represents a high-resistance impedance for currents with a high frequency (> 1 MHz). High-frequency components (> 1 MHz) in the current coupled from the primary windings 3 to the secondary winding 4 of the summation current transformer are now advantageously not negatively influenced by the evaluation circuit 6.
  • FIG 4 shows a device 1 known from the prior art designed as a circuit breaker for protection against overcurrent.
  • the device 1 has a short-circuit current release 3 and a thermal release 16, also referred to as an overload release, which are mechanically coupled to a switch lock 8.
  • the short-circuit current release 3 and the thermal release 16 are arranged in series with the power line 13 to be monitored and the switching contact 9, which is mechanically coupled to the switch lock 8.
  • the short-circuit current release 3 is usually designed by a fixed inductance designed as an air coil with several turns and a movable ferromagnetic component (armature).
  • the short-circuit current release 3 is thus an inductive component.
  • the short-circuit current release 3 causes the switching contact 9 to open immediately due to its magnetic principle and its mechanical coupling to the switch lock 8. If a current flows in the power line 13 to be monitored that is slightly greater than the rated current of the circuit breaker, the thermal release 16 causes the switching contact 9 to open within a certain time. Depending on this overcurrent, the switching contact 9 can open within a few seconds or only after several minutes.
  • FIG. 5 shows a first embodiment of the inventive device 1 for protection against overcurrent, designed as an overcurrent protection device.
  • a capacitor 14 is electrically connected in parallel to the short-circuit current release 3, which has an inductance due to its air coil. This is advantageous because the capacitor 14 electrically connected in parallel to the short-circuit current release 3 represents a bypass for currents with a high frequency. This enables currents with a high frequency to flow through the power line 13 to be monitored without loss and unhindered.

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  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)

Claims (6)

  1. Dispositif (1) de protection contre les chocs électriques pour au moins une ligne électrique (13) à surveiller comprenant au moins un composant inductif (3) disposé électriquement en série avec la ligne électrique à surveiller, qui agit directement ou indirectement sur un verrou de commutation (8), qui est couplé mécaniquement à au moins un contact de commutation (9) disposé électriquement en série avec la ligne électrique (13) à surveiller, le composant inductif étant un enroulement primaire (3) d'un transformateur de courant sommateur (2) caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une capacité (14) est connectée électriquement en parallèle avec le composant inductif (3).
  2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif (1) est un dispositif à courant différentiel résiduel.
  3. Dispositif selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le transformateur de courant sommateur (2) comporte en outre au moins un enroulement secondaire (4) et qu'une inductance (15) est connectée électriquement en série avec l'enroulement secondaire (4) du transformateur de courant sommateur (2).
  4. Dispositif (1) de protection contre les surintensités pour au moins une ligne électrique (13) à surveiller, comprenant au moins un composant inductif (3) disposé électriquement en série avec la ligne électrique (13) à surveiller, qui agit directement ou indirectement sur un verrou de commutation (8) qui est couplé mécaniquement à au moins un contact de commutation (9) disposé électriquement en série avec la ligne électrique (13) à surveiller, caractérisé en ce que le composant inductif est une bobine d'air (3) d'un déclencheur de courant de court-circuit (2) et qu'au moins une capacité (14) est connectée électriquement en parallèle avec le composant inductif (3) et en série avec la ligne de courant (13) à surveiller.
  5. Dispositif selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif est un disjoncteur de protection de ligne.
  6. Dispositif selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que le disjoncteur comporte en outre un déclencheur thermique (16) monté en série avec le déclencheur de courant de court-circuit.
EP20151158.1A 2019-02-14 2020-01-10 Dispositif de protection contre les chocs électriques ou de protection en cas de surintensité Active EP3696837B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102019103621.6A DE102019103621A1 (de) 2019-02-14 2019-02-14 Vorrichtung zum Schutz gegen elektrischen Schlag oder zum Schutz bei Überstrom

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3696837A1 EP3696837A1 (fr) 2020-08-19
EP3696837B1 true EP3696837B1 (fr) 2024-06-12

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20151158.1A Active EP3696837B1 (fr) 2019-02-14 2020-01-10 Dispositif de protection contre les chocs électriques ou de protection en cas de surintensité

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EP (1) EP3696837B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102019103621A1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2199168A (en) * 1938-03-24 1940-04-30 Gen Electric Protection of electric power systems
FR1179548A (fr) * 1957-07-09 1959-05-26 Charbonnages De France Relais de protection de réseaux électriques
FR2426973A1 (fr) * 1978-05-23 1979-12-21 Laprom Corp Nv Disjoncteur de courant de fuite
DE3545404A1 (de) * 1985-12-19 1987-07-02 Siemens Ag Schaltungsanordnung fuer eine frequenzsperreinrichtung (mehrphasensperre)
ATE145098T1 (de) * 1992-05-12 1996-11-15 Siemens Ag Eigensicherer differenzstromschutzschalter
DE19951249C2 (de) * 1999-10-25 2001-11-08 Abl Sursum Bayerische Elektroz Schutzschalter mit RESET-Stellung
DE102006043960B4 (de) * 2006-09-14 2021-01-21 Sew-Eurodrive Gmbh & Co Kg System zur berührungslosen Energieübertragung
DE102011011983A1 (de) * 2011-02-22 2012-08-23 Doepke Schaltgeräte GmbH Fehlerstrom-Schutzeinrichtung

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EP3696837A1 (fr) 2020-08-19
DE102019103621A1 (de) 2020-08-20

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