EP3686305A1 - Steel pipe and steel plate - Google Patents
Steel pipe and steel plate Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3686305A1 EP3686305A1 EP17926174.8A EP17926174A EP3686305A1 EP 3686305 A1 EP3686305 A1 EP 3686305A1 EP 17926174 A EP17926174 A EP 17926174A EP 3686305 A1 EP3686305 A1 EP 3686305A1
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- European Patent Office
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- steel plate
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 216
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 216
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 229910001563 bainite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 229910001568 polygonal ferrite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019589 hardness Nutrition 0.000 description 90
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 85
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 38
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 22
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 20
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 16
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 14
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 10
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 6
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000013001 point bending Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000519995 Stachys sylvatica Species 0.000 description 2
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001567 cementite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;methane Chemical compound C.[Fe].[Fe].[Fe] KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010067482 No adverse event Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000206607 Porphyra umbilicalis Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 chlorine ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0205—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips of ferrous alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/10—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of tubular bodies
- C21D8/105—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of tubular bodies of ferrous alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/08—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tubular bodies or pipes
- C21D9/085—Cooling or quenching
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/08—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing nickel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/16—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/26—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with niobium or tantalum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/28—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with titanium or zirconium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
- C21D1/19—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering by interrupted quenching
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/002—Bainite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/005—Ferrite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
- C21D8/0263—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment following hot rolling
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a steel pipe and a steel plate.
- high-strengthening is required for the steel pipe for a line pipe in order to reduce the thickness for saving a material or to reduce the weight of a product.
- the addition amount of an alloying element is increased to improve strength or the amount of heat input is increased for high-efficiency welding, the low-temperature toughness of a heat-affected zone (HAZ) deteriorates.
- a steel pipe having HIC resistance has been manufactured using a technique such as an increase in the purity of steel, a reduction in the amount of an inclusion, a control of the form of a sulfide inclusion by addition of Ca, or suppression of center segregation by light rolling reduction during casting or by accelerated cooling.
- An object of the present invention is to provide: a steel pipe that is suitable for a line pipe and has a strength of API X52 to X70 grade and satisfactory SSC resistance and HIC resistance; and a steel plate that is used as a base metal of the steel pipe.
- the present invention has been made based on the above-described object, and the scope thereof is as follows.
- steel pipe having satisfactory sulfide stress cracking resistance (SSC resistance) and hydrogen induced cracking resistance (HIC resistance) and a steel plate that is used as a base metal of the steel pipe.
- the steel pipe having satisfactory sour resistance (SSC resistance and HIC resistance) is suitable as a line pipe that transports petroleum, natural gas, or the like.
- a steel pipe according to one embodiment of the present invention (hereinafter, also referred to as the steel pipe according to the embodiment) includes:
- a steel plate according to one embodiment of the present invention (hereinafter, referred to as the steel plate according to the embodiment) is used as the base metal of the steel pipe.
- the base metal that is, the steel plate according to the embodiment
- the steel pipe according to the embodiment will be described.
- C is an element that is required to improve the strength of the steel.
- the C content is 0.030% or more.
- the C content is preferably 0.040% or more.
- the C content is more than 0.070%, the strength of the steel excessively increases, the hardness of the surface layer microstructure and the internal microstructure, in particular, the center segregation portion is higher than 248 Hv, and SSC resistance and HIC resistance deteriorate. Therefore, the C content is 0.070% or less. From the viewpoint of suppressing deterioration in weldability, toughness, and the like, the C content is preferably 0.050% or less.
- Si is an element that functions as a deoxidation material during steelmaking.
- Si is an element that is unavoidably incorporated during steelmaking.
- the Si content is 0.005% or more. From the viewpoint of sufficiently obtaining the deoxidation effect, the Si content is 0.050% or more.
- the Si content is more than 0.50%, toughness of a heat-affected zone (HAZ) deteriorates. Therefore, the Si content is 0.50% or less.
- the Si content is preferably 0.35% or less.
- Mn is an element contributing to the strength and toughness of the steel.
- the Mn content is 1.05% or more.
- the Mn content is preferably 1.15% or more.
- the Mn content is set to be 1.65% or less.
- the Mn content is preferably 1.50% or less.
- Al is an element that is added for deoxidation. When the Al content is less than 0.010%, the effect cannot be sufficiently obtained. Therefore, the Al content is 0.010% or more. The Al content is 0.020% or more.
- the Al content is more than 0.070%, a cluster on which an Al oxide accumulates is formed, and HIC resistance deteriorates. Therefore, the Al content is 0.070% or less.
- the Al content is preferably 0.045% or less.
- Ti is an element that is bonded to N and forms a nitride. This nitride contributes refinement of crystal grains. When the Ti content is less than 0.005%, the effect cannot be sufficiently obtained. Therefore, the Ti content is 0.005% or more. The Ti content is preferably 0.008% or more.
- the Ti content is more than 0.020%, a coarse nitride is formed, and HIC resistance deteriorates. Therefore, the Ti content is 0.020% or less. The Ti content is 0.015% or less.
- Nb is an element that refines crystal grains by widening non-recrystallization temperature range, form a carbide or a nitride and contributes to improvement of the strength of the steel.
- the Nb content is less than 0.005%, the effect cannot be sufficiently obtained. Therefore, the Nb content is 0.005% or more.
- the Nb content is preferably 0.010% or more.
- the Nb content is more than 0.045%, a coarse carbide or nitride is formed, and HIC resistance deteriorates. Therefore, the Nb content is 0.045% or less.
- the Nb content is 0.035% or less.
- Ca is an element that is bonded to S to form CaS, suppresses formation of MnS stretched in a rolling direction, and thus contributes improvement of HIC resistance.
- the Ca content is less than 0.0010%, the effect cannot be sufficiently obtained. Therefore, the Ca content is 0.0010% or more.
- the Ca content is preferably 0.0020% or more.
- the Ca content is more than 0.0050%, a Ca oxide accumulates, and HIC resistance deteriorates. Therefore, the Ca content is 0.0050% or less.
- the Ca content is preferably 0.0040% or less.
- N is an element that forms a nitride and contributes to suppressing the coarsening of austenite grains during heating.
- the N content is less than 0.0015%, the effect cannot be sufficiently obtained. Therefore, the N content is 0.0015% or more.
- the N content is preferably 0.0020% or more.
- the N content is more than 0.0070%, a coarse carbonitride is formed, and HIC resistance deteriorates. Therefore, the N content is 0.0070% or less.
- the N content is preferably 0.0050% or less.
- the chemical composition of the base metal (the steel plate according to the embodiment) of the steel pipe according to the embodiment may include one or more selected from the group consisting of Ni, Mo, Cr, Cu, V, Mg, and REM instead of a part of Fe within a range where the characteristics of the steel plate according to the embodiment do not deteriorate.
- These elements are optional elements and are not necessarily included. That is, the lower limits of the amounts of the elements are 0%.
- Ni is an element that contributes to improvement of toughness and strength of the steel and improvement of corrosion resistance.
- the Ni content is preferably 0.05% or more.
- the Ni content is more preferably 0.10% or more.
- the Ni content when the Ni content is more than 0.50%, strength excessively increases, toughness deteriorates, and SSC resistance deteriorates due to grain boundary selective corrosion of the surface. Therefore, even when Ni is included, the Ni content is preferably 0.50% or less. The Ni content is preferably 0.35% or less.
- Mo is an element that contributes to improvement of the hardenability of the steel.
- the Mo content is preferably 0.05% or more.
- the Mo content is more preferably 0.10% or more.
- the Mo content is preferably 0.35% or less.
- the Cr content is an element that contributes to improvement of the strength of the steel.
- the Cr content is preferably 0.05% or more.
- the Cr content is more preferably 0.10% or more.
- the Cr content is preferably 0.35% or less.
- the Cu is an element that contributes to improvement of the strength of the steel and improvement of corrosion resistance.
- the Cu content is preferably 0.05% or more.
- the Cu content is more preferably 0.10% or more.
- the Cu content is preferably 0.35% or less.
- V 0% to 0.100%
- V is an element that forms a carbide and/or a nitride and contributes improvement of the strength of the steel.
- the V content is preferably 0.010% or more.
- the V content is more preferably 0.030% or more.
- the V content is preferably 0.100% or less.
- the V content is preferably 0.080% or less.
- Mg is an element that forms a fine oxide to suppress the coarsening of crystal grains and contributes improvement of the toughness of the steel.
- the Mg content is preferably 0.0001% or more.
- the Mg content is more preferably 0.0010% or more.
- the Mg content is more than 0.0100%, an oxide aggregates and is coarsened, and HIC resistance and toughness deteriorate. Therefore, even when Mg is included, the Mg content is 0.0100% or less.
- the Mg content is preferably 0.0050% or less.
- the REM is an element that contributes to improvement of SSC resistance, HIC resistance, and toughness by controlling the form of a sulfide inclusion.
- the REM content is preferably 0.0001 % or more.
- the REM content is more preferably 0.0010% or more.
- the REM content when the REM content is more than 0.0100%, an oxide is formed, the cleanliness of the steel deteriorates, and HIC resistance and toughness deteriorate. Therefore, even when REM is included, the REM content is 0.0100% or less.
- the REM content is preferably 0.0060% or less.
- REM refers to rare earth elements and is a collective term for 17 elements including Sc, Y, and lanthanoids.
- the REM content refers to the total amount of the 17 elements.
- the base metal (the steel plate according to the embodiment) of the steel pipe according to the embodiment basically has the chemical composition including the above-described essential elements and the remainder consisting of Fe and impurities.
- the base metal may have a chemical composition including the above-described essential elements, the above-described optional elements, and the remainder consisting of Fe and impurities.
- the impurities refer to elements which are incorporated from raw materials such as ore or scrap or incorporated in various environments of the production process when the steel is industrially produced, and the impurities are allowed to be included in the steel in a range where there are no adverse effects on the steel.
- P, S, O, Sb, Sn, Co, As, Pb, Bi, and H are controlled to be in ranges described below.
- P is an impurity element, and the less the P content, the better.
- the P content is more than 0.015%, HIC resistance significantly deteriorates. Therefore, the P content is 0.015% or less.
- the P content is preferably 0.010% or less.
- the lower limit of the P content in the actual steel plate is substantially 0.003%.
- S is an element that forms MnS stretched in a rolling direction during hot rolling. This stretched MnS deteriorates HIC resistance. When the S content is more than 0.0015%, HIC resistance significantly deteriorates. Therefore, the S content is 0.0015% or less. The S content is preferably 0.0010% or less.
- the lower limit thereof may be 0%.
- the upper limit of the S content in the actual steel plate is substantially 0.0001%.
- O is an element that avoidably remains after deoxidation.
- the O content is more than 0.0040%, a large amount of an oxide is formed, and HIC resistance significantly deteriorates. Therefore, the O content is 0.0040% or less.
- the O content is preferably 0.0030% or less.
- the lower limit of the O content in the actual steel plate is substantially 0.0010%.
- the content each of Sb, Sn, Co, and As is 0.10% or less, the amount of each of Pb and Bi is 0.005% or less, and the H content is preferably 0.0005% or less.
- the chemical composition of the steel plate used for the base metal of the steel pipe satisfies not only the amount of each of the elements, but also Ceq (carbon equivalent) defined by the following Expression (1) is 0.400 or less.
- Ceq C + Mn / 6 + Ni + Cu / 15 + Cr + Mo + V / 5
- [C], [Mn], [Ni], [Cu], [Cr], [Mo], and [V] represent the contents (mass%) of C, Mn, Ni, Cu, Cr, Mo, and V.
- Ceq is 0.400 or lower.
- Ceq is preferably 0.350 or lower. In order to secure a predetermined strength, the lower limit of Ceq is 0.300 or higher.
- microstructure (the microstructure and the hardness thereof) of the base metal of the steel pipe according to the embodiment will be described.
- the surface layer of the steel plate is more rapidly cooled as compared to the inside of the steel plate. This implies that a difference in mechanical properties is generated due to a difference between the microstructure of the surface layer of the steel plate and the microstructure of the inside of the steel plate. In particular, the hardness of the surface layer of the steel plate is higher than that of the inside of the steel plate.
- SSC resistance is poor in a range (surface layer) up to 1.0 mm from the surface in the depth direction (through-thickness direction).
- the present inventors found that, by using recuperating during controlled cooling of the steel plate, the microstructure of the surface layer of the steel plate and the microstructure of the inside of the steel plate can be controlled, and thus an increase in the hardness of the surface layer of the steel plate can be suppressed.
- the microstructure of the steel plate of the base metal is divided into (i) a microstructure (surface layer microstructure) in a range up to 1.0 mm from the surface of the steel plate in the depth direction (through-thickness direction) and (ii) a microstructure (internal microstructure) in a range up to a thickness center from an area positioned at a distance of more than 1.0 mm from the surface of the base metal in the depth direction.
- a microstructure surface layer microstructure
- an internal microstructure in a range up to a thickness center from an area positioned at a distance of more than 1.0 mm from the surface of the base metal in the depth direction.
- the range up to 1.0 mm from the surface of the steel plate as the base metal in the depth direction will be referred to as "surface layer” (hereinafter, also simply referred to as “the surface layer of the steel plate).
- the surface layer microstructure is defined as the microstructure in a range up to 1.0 mm from the steel plate surface in the depth direction.
- the surface layer microstructure in a range up to a depth of 1.0 mm from the surface of the steel plate as the base metal includes polygonal ferrite and granular bainite, the area fraction of polygonal ferrite is 0% to 70%, the total area fraction of polygonal ferrite and granular bainite is 50% or more, and the maximum hardness is 270 Hv or lower.
- the area fraction of polygonal ferrite in the surface layer is more than 70%, a high concentration of C accumulates on the remainder, a hardening region is formed, and thus SSC resistance deteriorates. Therefore, the area fraction of polygonal ferrite is 70% or less.
- the area fraction of polygonal ferrite is preferably 50% or less.
- the total area fraction of polygonal ferrite and granular bainite is 50% or more.
- the remainder of the surface layer microstructure may include one or more selected from the group consisting of bainite and pseudo pearlite. However, the remainder is not necessarily included. That is, the total area fraction of polygonal ferrite and granular bainite may be 100%.
- the maximum hardness of the surface layer microstructure is 270 Hv or lower.
- the maximum hardness of the surface layer microstructure is preferably 250 Hv. From the viewpoint of SSC resistance, although the lower limit of the maximum hardness of the surface layer microstructure is not necessarily determined, the maximum hardness of the surface layer microstructure is substantially 160 Hv or higher.
- the area fraction of each of the microstructures can be obtained by observing the microstructure with a scanning electron microscope (SEM), for example, at a magnification of 1000-fold.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- the surface layer microstructure can be obtained by observing positions of 0.1 mm, 0.2 mm, and 0.5 mm from the surface of the steel plate and obtaining the average of the area fractions at the respective positions.
- polygonal ferrite is a microstructure that is observed as a massive microstructure not including a coarse precipitate such as coarse cementite or MA in grains.
- Bainite is a microstructure in which a prior austenite grain boundary is clear, a fine lath structure is developed in grains, and a fine carbide and an austenite-martensite constituent mixture are scattered in and between laths.
- bainite also includes tempered bainite.
- Granular bainite is a microstructure that is formed at an intermediate transformation temperature between acicular ferrite and bainite, the acicular ferrite being a microstructure in which a prior austenite grain boundary is not clear and acicular-shaped ferrite (a carbide and an austenite-martensite constituent are not present) is formed in a random crystal orientation in grains.
- a prior austenite grain boundary partially appears, a coarse lath structure is present in grains, and a portion where a fine carbide and an austenite-martensite constituent are scattered in and between laths and a portion of acicular or amorphous ferrite where a prior austenite grain boundary is not clear are mixed.
- Pseudo pearlite is pearlite in which parallel row of cementite is arranged.
- FIG. 4 shows an example of a microstructure (observed with a scanning electron microscope at a magnification of 1000-fold) at a distance of 0.5 mm from the surface of the steel plate.
- a portion which is surrounded by a smooth curve and in which internal portion is smooth, is polygonal ferrite, and a portion where white spots are present in internal portion is granular bainite.
- the maximum hardness of the surface layer microstructure is measured as follows.
- 300 mm ⁇ 300 mm steel plates are cut out by gas cutting from positions of 1/4, 1/2, and 3/4 of the width of the steel plate (positions of 3 o'clock, 6 o'clock, and 9 o'clock when the weld of the steel pipe is 0 o'clock) from a width-direction end portion (corresponding to the seam portion in the case of the steel pipe) of the steel plate in the width direction of the steel plate.
- Block test pieces having a length of 20 mm and a width of 20 mm are collected by mechanical cutting from the centers of the cut steel plates and are polished by mechanical polishing.
- the hardness is measured using a Vickers hardness meter (load: 100 g) at 100 points in total that are obtained by setting a point of 0.1 mm from the surface as a starting point, setting 10 pints from the starting point in a through-thickness direction at an interval of 0.1 mm, and setting 10 points at the same depth at an interval of 1.0 mm in a width direction.
- a Vickers hardness meter load: 100 g
- FIGS. 3A to 3C show the results of measuring the hardness of the surface layer microstructure at three positions corresponding to 3 O'clock, 6 O'clock, and 9 O'clock when the weld of the steel pipe is at a 0 O'clock position.
- the hardness of the surface layer microstructure is measured under a load of 100 g by setting every 10 measurement points at the same depth at an interval of 0.1 mm in a region from a depth of 0.1 mm to a depth of 1.0 mm from the surface layer. It can be seen that, at all the points, the maximum hardness is 270 Hv or lower and SSC resistance is excellent.
- the microstructure in a range up to a thickness center from an area positioned at a distance of more than 1.0 mm from the surface of the steel plate as the base metal in the depth direction: the area fraction of polygonal ferrite is 40% or less, the maximum hardness is 248 Hv or lower, and the average hardness is 150 to 220 Hv.
- the area fraction of polygonal ferrite in the internal microstructure is more than 40%, it is difficult to secure a required strength and HIC resistance. Therefore, the area fraction of polygonal ferrite is 40% or less.
- the area fraction of polygonal ferrite is preferably 30% or less and more preferably 25% or less.
- the remainder of the internal microstructure consists of one or more selected from the group consisting of granular bainite, bainite, and pseudo pearlite.
- the maximum hardness in the internal microstructure is higher than 248 Hv, HIC resistance deteriorates. Therefore, the maximum hardness is 248 Hv or lower.
- the average hardness is lower than 150 Hv, required mechanical properties cannot be secured. Therefore, the average hardness is 150 Hv or higher. the average hardness is 160 Hv or higher.
- the average hardness is 220 Hv or lower.
- the average hardness is preferably 210 Hv or lower.
- the microstructural fraction (area fraction) of the internal microstructure can be obtained by observing a 1/4 thickness (t/4) position from the surface of the steel plate with a scanning electron microscope (SEM), for example, at a magnification of 1000-fold.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- FIG. 5 shows an example of the microstructure of the t/4 position (observed with a scanning electron microscope at a magnification of 1000-fold).
- a portion which is surrounded by a smooth curve and in which internal portion is smooth is polygonal ferrite.
- a portion where white spots or a white line appears is granular bainite or pseudo pearlite, and a portion that is surrounded by a jagged white line and where a thin pattern appears is bainite.
- the maximum hardness and the average hardness in the internal microstructure can be measured using the following method.
- 300 mm ⁇ 300 mm steel plates are cut out by gas cutting from positions of 1/4, 1/2, and 3/4 (positions of 3 o'clock, 6 o'clock, and 9 o'clock when the weld of the steel pipe is 0 o'clock) from a width-direction end portion (corresponding to the seam portion in the case of the steel pipe) of the steel plate in the width direction of the steel plate.
- Block test pieces having a length of 20 mm and a width of 20 mm are collected by mechanical cutting from the centers of the cut steel plates and are polished by mechanical polishing.
- the hardness is measured using a Vickers hardness meter (load: 1 kg) by setting a depth position of 1.2 mm from the surface as a starting point, setting 10 points from the starting point in a through-thickness direction at an interval of 0.2 mm, and setting 10 points at the same depth at an interval of 1.0 mm in a width direction. Unless two or more measurement points having a hardness of higher than 248 Hv continuously appear in the through-thickness direction as a result of the above-described measurement, it is determined that the maximum hardness of the surface layer microstructure is 248 Hv or lower.
- a high hardness value (abnormal value) may appear locally. However, even when this abnormal value appears, HIC resistance can be secured. On the other hand, when two or more measurement points having a hardness of higher than 248 Hv are continuously present in the through-thickness direction, HIC resistance deteriorates, which is not allowable. Accordingly, in the embodiment, even when one measurement point having a hardness of higher than 248 Hv is present, unless two or more measurement points do not continuously appear in the through-thickness direction, this point as an abnormal point is not adopted, and the second highest value is obtained as the maximum hardness. On the other hand, when two or more measurement points having a hardness of higher than 248 Hv are continuously present in the through-thickness direction, the highest value is adopted as the maximum hardness.
- the average hardness is calculated by obtaining the average value of the hardnesses at all the measurement points.
- the steel pipe according to the embodiment can be obtained by processing the steel plate according to the embodiment into a pipe shape, making opposite end portions (width-direction end portions of the steel pipe) of the cylindrical steel plate abut against each other, and welding the end portions. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 1 , the steel pipe 1 according to the embodiment includes the weld 3 that is provided in the seam portion of the steel plate 2 and extends in the longitudinal direction of the steel plate. Typically, the weld 3 is continuously provided in a range from one end portion of the steel plate 2 in the longitudinal direction to another end portion thereof.
- the weld is provided such that the thickness is more than that of the base metal.
- the weld metal has a higher alloy content than the base metal and also has high corrosion resistance. Therefore, the weld does not substantially cause fracture to occur. Accordingly, the weld of the steel pipe according to the embodiment is not particularly limited as long as it is obtained by SAW welding or the like under typical conditions.
- the steel pipe according to the embodiment has a strength that satisfies X52 to X70 defined by API 5L in consideration of application to a line pipe.
- the steel pipe according to the embodiment has the above-described configuration, the effects thereof can be obtained irrespective of the manufacturing method thereof.
- a manufacturing method including the following processes is preferable because the steel pipe according to the embodiment can be stably obtained.
- the steel plate according to the embodiment can be obtained using a manufacturing method including:
- a slab that is manufactured by casting molten steel having the same chemical composition as that of the base metal of the steel pipe according to the embodiment is heated to 1050°C to 1250°C and subjected to hot rolling.
- the casting of the molten steel and the manufacturing of the slab before hot rolling may be performed using an ordinary method.
- the slab heating temperature is preferably 1050°C or higher.
- the slab heating temperature is more preferably 1100°C or higher.
- the slab heating temperature is higher than 1250°C, the crystal grain size increases, and low-temperature toughness deteriorates.
- the austenite grain size increases, and hardenability excessively increases.
- the slab heating temperature is preferably 1250°C or lower.
- the slab heating temperature is more preferably higher than 1200°C or lower.
- the slab heated to the above-described temperature is hot-rolled at a typical rolling reduction ratio to obtain a steel plate.
- the plate thickness may be set depending on the required thickness of a line pipe and thus is not particularly limited.
- the rolling finishing temperature is 830°C to 1000°C.
- the finish rolling temperature is preferably 830°C or higher.
- the finish rolling temperature is more preferably 850°C or higher.
- the rolling finishing temperature is preferably 1000°C or lower.
- the rolling finishing temperature is more preferably 900°C or lower.
- accelerated cooling is performed on the steel plate after finishing hot rolling from a surface temperature range of 750°C to 950°C to a surface temperature range of 400°C to 650°C at an average cooling rate of 15 to 100 °C/sec such that two or more times of recuperating where an increase in temperature from the start of cooling to the end of cooling is 5°C to 65°C is included.
- the accelerated cooling including recuperating in the middle can be performed by adjusting the amount of cooling water that is sprayed to the steel plate per cooling zone in a cooling facility in which a plurality of divided cooling zones are arranged in a longitudinal direction of the steel plate (conveyance direction).
- FIG. 2 shows an example of cooling curves of the steel plate.
- Four cooling curves include a cooling curve of the thickness middle portion (1/2 thickness portion), a cooling curve of a 1/4 thickness position (t/4 portion) from the surface, a cooling curve of a portion of a depth of 1.0 mm from the surface, and a cooling curve of the steel plate surface. Accelerated cooling is performed on the entire steel plate from the cooling start temperature (Ts) of 830°C to about 620°C for about 10 seconds such that recuperating is performed three times in the middle.
- Ts cooling start temperature
- the cooling start temperature Ts and the cooling stop temperature Tf are points shown in the drawing, and the average cooling rate Vc can be obtained by dividing a temperature change ⁇ T (cooling start temperature Ts-cooling stop temperature Tf) by a cooling time ⁇ t (the time for which water cooling is performed).
- the temperature of the steel plate surface during cooling is temporarily increased by recuperating due to sensible heat inside the steel plate as a result of adjusting the amount of cooling water sprayed per cooling zone.
- the cooling curve of the steel plate surface and the cooling curve of the portion of a depth of 1.0 mm from the surface are affected by recuperating.
- the cooling curve of the thickness middle portion (1/2 thickness portion) and the cooling curve of the 1/4 thickness portion are not affected by recuperating, and it can be seen that the inside of the steel plate is cooled at a substantially constant cooling rate.
- the cooling start temperature Ts is lower than 750°C, in the surface layer microstructure, coarse ferrite is formed after rolling, and a microstructure having a high hardness such as martensite is formed as the remainder. As a result, SSC resistance deteriorates.
- the cooling start temperature Ts is preferably 750°C or higher.
- the cooling start temperature Ts is more preferably 780°C or higher.
- the cooling start temperature Ts is preferably 950°C or lower.
- the cooling start temperature Ts is more preferably 880°C or lower.
- the cooling stop temperature Tf is preferably 400°C or higher.
- the cooling stop temperature Tf is more preferably 480°C or higher.
- the cooling stop temperature Tf is preferably 650°C or lower.
- the cooling stop temperature Tf is more preferably 580°C or lower.
- the average cooling rate Vc is slower than 15 °C/sec, polygonal ferrite having an area fraction of more than 70% is formed in the surface layer microstructure. In addition, in the internal microstructure polygonal ferrite having an area fraction of more than 40% is formed. In this case, the strength as a line pipe cannot be secured. Therefore, the average cooling rate Vc is preferably 15 °C/sec or faster. The average cooling rate Vc is more preferably 25 °C/sec or faster.
- the average cooling rate Vc is faster than 100 °C/sec, martensite transformation occurs, the hardness of the surface layer microstructure is higher than 270 Hv, and SSC resistance deteriorates. In addition, the maximum hardness of the internal microstructure is higher than 248 Hv, and HIC resistance deteriorates. Therefore, the average cooling rate Vc is preferably 100 °C/sec or slower. The average cooling rate Vc is more preferably 80 °C/sec or slower.
- the number of times of recuperating where the recuperated temperature during accelerated cooling is in a predetermined range is one or less, the hardness of the surface layer microstructure is higher than 270 Hv, and SSC resistance deteriorates. Therefore, the number of times of recuperating is two or more.
- FIG. 2 shows the cooling curve when the number of times of recuperating is three.
- the number of times of recuperating may be appropriately determined between the cooling start temperature and the cooling stop temperature depending on the kind of steel or the plate threading speed.
- cooling is performed in a film boiling state in order to form a predetermined microstructure.
- recuperating is not completed during water cooling, and an increase in the temperature caused by recuperating is 65°C or lower.
- the width of the temperature increase caused by recuperating is preferably 5°C to 65°C.
- the width of the temperature increase caused by recuperating is preferably 10°C to 65°C.
- the width of the temperature increase caused by recuperating is not necessarily 5°C to 65°C.
- the first recuperating is performed such that the steel plate surface temperature after recuperating is 500°C or higher. Even when the steel plate surface temperature after the first recuperating is lower than 500°C, the surface layer microstructure having satisfactory SSC resistance and the internal microstructure having satisfactory HIC resistance can be secured. However, in order to stably secure the surface layer microstructure having satisfactory SSC resistance and the internal microstructure having satisfactory HIC resistance, it is preferable that the first recuperating is performed such that the steel plate surface temperature after recuperating is 500°C or higher.
- a temperature difference between the surface temperature and the center temperature is eliminated.
- the surface temperature surface temperature
- the inside of the steel plate center temperature
- the average cooling rate is 0.5 °C/sec to 5.0 °C/sec, air cooling may be performed.
- the average cooling rate is slower than 0.5 °C/sec, the predetermined strength cannot be obtained.
- the average cooling rate is faster than 5.0 °C/sec, the toughness of the center portion deteriorates.
- the formation of the steel plate according to the embodiment into the steel pipe is not limited to a specific forming method. Warm working can also be used, but cold working is preferable from the viewpoint of dimensional accuracy.
- Welding is not limited to a specific welding method, but submerged arc welding (SAW) is preferable.
- Welding conditions may be well-known conditions depending on the plate thickness and the like.
- a heat treatment may be performed such that a microstructure (ferrite and pearlite having an area fraction of more than 10%) that deteriorates the toughness of the weld is not formed.
- the heat treatment temperature may be a typical temperature range and is preferably in a range of 300°C to the Ac 1 point.
- the microstructure of the base metal is the same as the microstructure of the steel plate according to the embodiment.
- the base metal of the steel pipe according to the embodiment has the same microstructure as that of the steel plate according to the embodiment, and thus mechanical properties for use in a line pipe and satisfactory local weldability.
- the weldability of the steel plate according to the embodiment is satisfactory, the weld of the steel pipe according to the embodiment has satisfactory mechanical properties. Accordingly, the steel pipe according to the embodiment is suitable as a steel pipe for a line pipe.
- a slab having a chemical composition and Ceq shown in Table 1 was hot-rolled and cooled under conditions shown in Table 2. As a result, a steel plate was manufactured.
- the number of times of recuperating is the number of times of recuperating where a temperature increase was 5°C or higher.
- the maximum width of recuperating temperature is the width of a temperature increase during recuperating where the width of the temperature increase was the maximum.
- a test piece was collected from the manufactured steel plate, the surface layer microstructure (positions of 0.1 mm, 0.2 mm, and 0.5 mm) and the internal microstructure (t/4 position) were observed with a SEM at a magnification of 1000-fold and the fractions (area fractions) of polygonal ferrite, granular bainite, and the remainder were calculated.
- the remainder of the surface layer microstructure consisted of one or more selected from the group consisting of bainite and pseudo pearlite
- the remainder of the internal microstructure consisted of one or more selected from the group consisting of granular bainite, bainite, and pseudo pearlite.
- JIS No.5 tensile test piece was prepared, and a tensile test according to JIS Z 2241 was performed to measure a yield strength and a tensile strength.
- the hardness was measured using a Vickers hardness meter.
- the hardness of the surface layer microstructure was measured under a load of 100 g by setting every 10 points at the same depth at an interval of 0.1 mm in a region from a depth of 0.1 mm to a depth of 1.0 mm from the surface layer.
- the hardness of the internal microstructure was measured under a load of 1 kg by setting every 10 points at the same depth at an interval of 0.2 mm in a region from a depth of 1.2 mm from the surface layer to the thickness center. Based on the results, the maximum hardness of the surface layer microstructure was obtained, and the maximum hardness and the average hardness of the internal microstructure were obtained.
- test piece was collected from the manufactured steel plate, and the following test was performed to evaluate HIC resistance and SSC resistance.
- HIC hydrogen induced cracking
- the NACE test is a test in which hydrogen sulfide gas is saturated in a solution including 5% NaCl solution+0.5 acetic acid and having a pH of 2.7 and the steel plate is dipped in the solution for 96 hours to observe whether or not cracking occur.
- a full thickness test piece having a width of 15 mm and a length of 115 mm was collected from the steel plate in a width direction, and SSC resistance was evaluated in a 4 point bending test according to TM0284m ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) G39 of NACE.
- the test piece to which a stress corresponding to 90% of 0.2% proof stress derived from the tensile test was applied was dipped for 720 hours in an aqueous solution including 5% sodium chloride +0.5 acetic acid at normal temperature (24°C) and having a pH of 2.7 in which hydrogen sulfide gas of 1 atm was saturated, and the test piece surface was observed at a magnification of 10-fold to determine whether or not SSC occurred.
- the steel plate shown in Table 3 was formed into a pipe shape by C-press, U-press, and O-press, end surfaces were temporarily welded, main welding was performed from internal and external surfaces, and the steel pipe was expanded. As a result, a steel pipe for a line pipe was obtained. As the main welding, submerged arc welding was adopted.
- Manufacturing No. of the steel plate relates to Manufacturing No. of the steel pipe.
- the steel pipe of Manufacturing No. T1 was manufactured using the steel plate of Manufacturing No. S1.
- the steel pipe of Manufacturing No. T2 was manufactured using the steel plate of Manufacturing No. S2.
- a test piece was collected from the manufactured steel plate, the surface layer microstructure (positions of 0.1 mm, 0.2 mm, and 0.5 mm) and the internal microstructure (t/4 position) were observed with a scanning electron microscope at a magnification of 1000-fold to calculate the fractions (area fractions) of polygonal ferrite, granular bainite, and the remainder.
- JIS No.5 tensile test piece was prepared, and a tensile test according to JIS Z 2241 was performed to measure a yield strength and a tensile strength.
- the hardness was measured using a Vickers hardness meter.
- the hardness of the surface layer microstructure was measured under a load of 100 g by setting every 10 points at the same depth at an interval of 0.1 mm in a region from a depth of 0.1 mm to a depth of 1.0 mm from the surface layer.
- the hardness of the internal microstructure was measured under a load of 1 kg by setting every 10 points at the same depth at an interval of 0.2 mm in a region from a depth of 1.2 mm from the surface layer to the thickness center.
- test piece was collected from the manufactured steel plate, and the following test was performed to evaluate HIC resistance and SSC resistance.
- HIC hydrogen induced cracking
- the NACE test is a test in which hydrogen sulfide gas is saturated in a solution including 5% NaCl solution+0.5 acetic acid and having a pH of 2.7 and the steel plate is dipped in the solution for 96 hours to observe whether or not cracking occur.
- a full thickness test piece having a width of 15 mm and a length of 115 mm was collected from the steel plate in a width direction (direction perpendicular to a rolling direction), and SSC resistance was evaluated in a 4 point bending test according to TM0284mASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) G39 of NACE.
- a steel pipe for a line pipe that is suitable for a line pipe and has a strength of API X52 to X70 grade and satisfactory SSC resistance and HIC resistance; and a steel plate having satisfactory SSC resistance and HIC resistance that is used as a base metal of the steel pipe. Accordingly, the present invention is highly applicable to the steel plate manufacturing industry and the energy industry.
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Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to a steel pipe and a steel plate.
- Recently, demands for petroleum, natural gas, and the like have increased, and the diversification of energy supply sources has progressed. Therefore, in a harsh corrosive environment at which development was abandoned in the past, for example, in a corrosive environment including hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide gas, or chlorine ions, the digging of crude oil or natural gas has been actively performed. Accordingly, improvement of SSC resistance and HIC resistance is required for a steel pipe (steel pipe for a line pipe) used for a pipeline that transports crude oil, natural gas, or the like.
- In addition, high-strengthening is required for the steel pipe for a line pipe in order to reduce the thickness for saving a material or to reduce the weight of a product. However, when the addition amount of an alloying element is increased to improve strength or the amount of heat input is increased for high-efficiency welding, the low-temperature toughness of a heat-affected zone (HAZ) deteriorates.
- For example, as disclosed in
Patent Documents - However, in the steel pipe disclosed in
Patent Documents Patent Documents -
- [Patent Document 1] Japanese Examined Patent Application, Second Publication No.
S63-001369 - [Patent Document 2] Japanese Unexamined Patent Application, First Publication No.
S62-112722 - An object of the present invention is to provide: a steel pipe that is suitable for a line pipe and has a strength of API X52 to X70 grade and satisfactory SSC resistance and HIC resistance; and a steel plate that is used as a base metal of the steel pipe.
- The present invention has been made based on the above-described object, and the scope thereof is as follows.
- (1) According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a steel pipe including:
- a base metal that includes a cylindrical steel plate; and
- a weld that is provided in a seam portion of the steel plate and extends in a longitudinal direction of the steel plate,
- in which the steel plate includes, as a chemical composition, by mass%,
- C: 0.030% to 0.070%,
- Si: 0.005% to 0.50%,
- Mn: 1.05% to 1.65%,
- Al: 0.010% to 0.070%,
- Ti: 0.005% to 0.020%,
- Nb: 0.005% to 0.045%,
- Ca: 0.0010% to 0.0050%,
- N: 0.0015% to 0.0070%,
- Ni: 0% to 0.50%,
- Mo: 0% to 0.50%,
- Cr: 0% to 0.50%,
- Cu: 0% to 0.50%,
- V: 0% to 0.100%,
- Mg: 0% to 0.0100%,
- REM: 0% to 0.0100%,
- P: limited to 0.015% or less,
- S: limited to 0.0015% or less,
- O: limited to 0.0040% or less, and
- a remainder of Fe and impurities,
- Ceq defined by the following Expression (i) in the chemical composition is 0.300 to 0.400,
- a surface layer microstructure that is a microstructure in a range up to 1.0 mm from a surface of the base metal in a depth direction includes a polygonal ferrite and a granular bainite,
- an area fraction of the polygonal ferrite in the surface layer microstructure is 0 to 70%,
- a total area fraction of the polygonal ferrite and the granular bainite in the surface layer microstructure is 50% or more,
- a maximum hardness in the surface layer microstructure is 270 Hv or lower,
- an area fraction of a polygonal ferrite in an internal microstructure that is a microstructure in a range up to a thickness center from an area positioned at a distance of more than 1.0 mm from the surface of the base metal in the depth direction is 40% or less,
- a maximum hardness in the internal microstructure is 248 Hv or lower, and
- an average hardness in the internal microstructure is 150 to 220 Hv,
- where [C], [Mn], [Ni], [Cu], [Cr], [Mo], and [V] represent the amounts of C, Mn, Ni, Cu, Cr, Mo, and V by mass%.
- (2) In the steel pipe according to (1), the chemical composition may include, by mass%, one or more selected from the group consisting of Ni: 0.05% to 0.50%, Mo: 0.05% to 0.50%, Cr: 0.05% to 0.50%, Cu: 0.05% to 0.50%, V: 0.010% to 0.100%, Mg: 0.0001% to 0.0100%, and REM: 0.0001% to 0.0100%.
- (3) In the steel pipe according to (1) or (2), a remainder of the surface layer microstructure may consist of one or more selected from the group consisting of a bainite and a pseudo pearlite, and a remainder of the internal microstructure may consist of one or more selected from the group consisting of a granular bainite, a bainite, and a pseudo pearlite.
- (4) According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a steel plate that is used as the base metal of the steel pipe according to any one of (1) to (3).
- According to the aspects of the present invention, it is possible to provide: a steel plate that is suitable for a line pipe and has a strength of API X52 to X70 grade and satisfactory SSC resistance and HIC resistance; and steel pipe that uses the steel plate as a base metal and has satisfactory SSC resistance and HIC resistance. Specifically, it is possible to provide a steel pipe having satisfactory sulfide stress cracking resistance (SSC resistance) and hydrogen induced cracking resistance (HIC resistance) and a steel plate that is used as a base metal of the steel pipe. The steel pipe having satisfactory sour resistance (SSC resistance and HIC resistance) is suitable as a line pipe that transports petroleum, natural gas, or the like.
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FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a steel pipe according to an embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of cooling curves of a steel plate. -
FIG. 3A is a diagram showing the results of measuring a hardness (load: 100 g) of a surface layer microstructure in a range of 0.1 to 1.0 mm from the surface at a position corresponding to 3 O'clock when a weld of the steel pipe is determined as a 0 O'clock position. -
FIG. 3B is a diagram showing the results of measuring a hardness (load: 100 g) of the surface layer microstructure in a range of 0.1 to 1.0 mm from the surface at a position corresponding to 6 O'clock when the weld of the steel pipe is determined as the 0 O'clock position. -
FIG. 3C is a diagram showing the results of measuring a hardness (load: 100 g) of the surface layer microstructure in a range of 0.1 to 1.0 mm from the surface at a position corresponding to 9 O'clock when the weld of the steel pipe is determined as the 0 O'clock position. -
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a SEM image of the surface layer microstructure. -
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of a SEM image of an internal microstructure. - A steel pipe according to one embodiment of the present invention (hereinafter, also referred to as the steel pipe according to the embodiment) includes:
- a base metal that includes a cylindrical steel plate; and
- a weld that is provided in a seam portion of the steel plate and extends in a longitudinal direction of the steel plate,
- in which the steel plate includes, as a chemical composition, by mass%,
- C: 0.030% to 0.070%,
- Si: 0.005% to 0.50%,
- Mn: 1.05% to 1.65%,
- Al: 0.010% to 0.070%,
- Ti: 0.005% to 0.020%,
- Nb: 0.005% to 0.045%,
- Ca: 0.0010% to 0.0050%,
- N: 0.0015% to 0.0070%,
- P: limited to 0.015% or less,
- S: limited to 0.0015% or less,
- O: limited to 0.0040% or less,
- the steel plate optionally further includes, by mass%, one or more selected from the group consisting of Ni: 0.05% to 0.50%, Mo: 0.05% to 0.50%, Cr: 0.05% to 0.50%, Cu: 0.05% to 0.50%, V: 0.010% to 0.100%, Mg: 0.0001% to 0.0100%, and REM: 0.0001% to 0.0100%,
- the steel plate includes a remainder of Fe and impurities,
- Ceq represented by Ceq=[C]+[Mn]/6+([Ni]+[Cu])/15+([Cr]+[Mo]+[V])/5 is preferably 0.300 to 0.400,
- a surface layer microstructure that is a microstructure in a range up to 1.0 mm from a surface of the base metal in a depth direction includes polygonal ferrite and granular bainite,
- an area fraction of the polygonal ferrite in the surface layer microstructure is 0 to 70%,
- a total area fraction of the polygonal ferrite and the granular bainite in the surface layer microstructure is 50% or more,
- the remainder may include bainite (including tempered bainite), pseudo pearlite, or a mixture thereof,
- a maximum hardness in the surface layer microstructure is 270 Hv or lower and preferably 250 Hv or lower,
- an internal microstructure that is a microstructure in a range up to a thickness center from an area positioned at a distance of more than 1.0 mm from the surface of the base metal in the depth direction includes, by an area fraction, 40% or less of polygonal ferrite,
- the remainder may include granular bainite, bainite, pseudo pearlite, or a mixture thereof,
- a maximum hardness in the internal microstructure is 248 Hv or lower, and
- an average hardness in the internal microstructure is 150 to 220 Hv.
- In addition, a steel plate according to one embodiment of the present invention (hereinafter, referred to as the steel plate according to the embodiment) is used as the base metal of the steel pipe.
- Hereinafter, the steel pipe according to the embodiment, the steel plate according to the embodiment, and preferable methods of manufacturing the same will be described.
- First, the base metal (that is, the steel plate according to the embodiment) of the steel pipe according to the embodiment will be described.
- The reason for limiting the chemical composition of the base metal (the steel plate according to the embodiment) of the steel pipe according to the embodiment will be described. Hereinafter, "%" regarding the chemical composition represents "mass%".
- C is an element that is required to improve the strength of the steel. When the C content is less than 0.030%, the effect of improving the strength cannot be sufficiently obtained. Therefore, the C content is 0.030% or more. The C content is preferably 0.040% or more.
- On the other hand, when the C content is more than 0.070%, the strength of the steel excessively increases, the hardness of the surface layer microstructure and the internal microstructure, in particular, the center segregation portion is higher than 248 Hv, and SSC resistance and HIC resistance deteriorate. Therefore, the C content is 0.070% or less. From the viewpoint of suppressing deterioration in weldability, toughness, and the like, the C content is preferably 0.050% or less.
- Si is an element that functions as a deoxidation material during steelmaking. In addition, Si is an element that is unavoidably incorporated during steelmaking. When the Si content is less than 0.005%, the effect cannot be sufficiently obtained. Therefore, the Si content is 0.005% or more. From the viewpoint of sufficiently obtaining the deoxidation effect, the Si content is 0.050% or more.
- On the other hand, when the Si content is more than 0.50%, toughness of a heat-affected zone (HAZ) deteriorates. Therefore, the Si content is 0.50% or less. The Si content is preferably 0.35% or less.
- Mn is an element contributing to the strength and toughness of the steel. When the Mn content is less than 1.05%, the effect of improving the strength and toughness cannot be sufficiently obtained. Therefore, the Mn content is 1.05% or more. The Mn content is preferably 1.15% or more.
- On the other hand, when the Mn content is more than 1.65%, a large amount of MnS that deteriorates HIC resistance is formed, the hardness of the internal microstructure, in particular, the center segregation portion is higher than 248 Hv, and HIC resistance deteriorates. Therefore, the Mn content is set to be 1.65% or less. The Mn content is preferably 1.50% or less.
- Al is an element that is added for deoxidation. When the Al content is less than 0.010%, the effect cannot be sufficiently obtained. Therefore, the Al content is 0.010% or more. The Al content is 0.020% or more.
- On the other hand, when the Al content is more than 0.070%, a cluster on which an Al oxide accumulates is formed, and HIC resistance deteriorates. Therefore, the Al content is 0.070% or less. The Al content is preferably 0.045% or less.
- Ti is an element that is bonded to N and forms a nitride. This nitride contributes refinement of crystal grains. When the Ti content is less than 0.005%, the effect cannot be sufficiently obtained. Therefore, the Ti content is 0.005% or more. The Ti content is preferably 0.008% or more.
- On the other hand, when the Ti content is more than 0.020%, a coarse nitride is formed, and HIC resistance deteriorates. Therefore, the Ti content is 0.020% or less. The Ti content is 0.015% or less.
- Nb is an element that refines crystal grains by widening non-recrystallization temperature range, form a carbide or a nitride and contributes to improvement of the strength of the steel. When the Nb content is less than 0.005%, the effect cannot be sufficiently obtained. Therefore, the Nb content is 0.005% or more. The Nb content is preferably 0.010% or more.
- On the other hand, when the Nb content is more than 0.045%, a coarse carbide or nitride is formed, and HIC resistance deteriorates. Therefore, the Nb content is 0.045% or less. The Nb content is 0.035% or less.
- Ca is an element that is bonded to S to form CaS, suppresses formation of MnS stretched in a rolling direction, and thus contributes improvement of HIC resistance. When the Ca content is less than 0.0010%, the effect cannot be sufficiently obtained. Therefore, the Ca content is 0.0010% or more. The Ca content is preferably 0.0020% or more.
- On the other hand, when the Ca content is more than 0.0050%, a Ca oxide accumulates, and HIC resistance deteriorates. Therefore, the Ca content is 0.0050% or less. The Ca content is preferably 0.0040% or less.
- N is an element that forms a nitride and contributes to suppressing the coarsening of austenite grains during heating. When the N content is less than 0.0015%, the effect cannot be sufficiently obtained. Therefore, the N content is 0.0015% or more. The N content is preferably 0.0020% or more.
- On the other hand, when the N content is more than 0.0070%, a coarse carbonitride is formed, and HIC resistance deteriorates. Therefore, the N content is 0.0070% or less. The N content is preferably 0.0050% or less.
- In order to improve strength, toughness, and other characteristics, in addition to the above-described elements, the chemical composition of the base metal (the steel plate according to the embodiment) of the steel pipe according to the embodiment may include one or more selected from the group consisting of Ni, Mo, Cr, Cu, V, Mg, and REM instead of a part of Fe within a range where the characteristics of the steel plate according to the embodiment do not deteriorate. These elements are optional elements and are not necessarily included. That is, the lower limits of the amounts of the elements are 0%.
- Ni is an element that contributes to improvement of toughness and strength of the steel and improvement of corrosion resistance. In order to obtain these effects, the Ni content is preferably 0.05% or more. The Ni content is more preferably 0.10% or more.
- On the other hand, when the Ni content is more than 0.50%, strength excessively increases, toughness deteriorates, and SSC resistance deteriorates due to grain boundary selective corrosion of the surface. Therefore, even when Ni is included, the Ni content is preferably 0.50% or less. The Ni content is preferably 0.35% or less.
- Mo is an element that contributes to improvement of the hardenability of the steel. In order to obtain this effect, the Mo content is preferably 0.05% or more. The Mo content is more preferably 0.10% or more. On the other hand, when the Mo content is more than 0.50%, strength excessively increases, and toughness deteriorates. Therefore, even when Mo is included, the Mo content is 0.50% or less. The Mo content is preferably 0.35% or less.
- Cr is an element that contributes to improvement of the strength of the steel. In order to obtain this effect, the Cr content is preferably 0.05% or more. The Cr content is more preferably 0.10% or more. On the other hand, when the Cr content is more than 0.50%, strength excessively increases, and toughness deteriorates. Therefore, even when Cr is included, the Cr content is 0.50% or less. The Cr content is preferably 0.35% or less.
- Cu is an element that contributes to improvement of the strength of the steel and improvement of corrosion resistance. In order to obtain these effects, the Cu content is preferably 0.05% or more. The Cu content is more preferably 0.10% or more. On the other hand, when the Cu content is more than 0.50%, strength excessively increases, and toughness deteriorates. Therefore, even when Cu is included, the Cu content is 0.50% or less. The Cu content is preferably 0.35% or less.
- V is an element that forms a carbide and/or a nitride and contributes improvement of the strength of the steel. In order to obtain this effect, the V content is preferably 0.010% or more. The V content is more preferably 0.030% or more. On the other hand, when the V content is more than 0.100%, toughness deteriorates. Therefore, even when V is included, the V content is preferably 0.100% or less. The V content is preferably 0.080% or less.
- Mg is an element that forms a fine oxide to suppress the coarsening of crystal grains and contributes improvement of the toughness of the steel. In order to obtain this effect, the Mg content is preferably 0.0001% or more. The Mg content is more preferably 0.0010% or more.
- On the other hand, when the Mg content is more than 0.0100%, an oxide aggregates and is coarsened, and HIC resistance and toughness deteriorate. Therefore, even when Mg is included, the Mg content is 0.0100% or less. The Mg content is preferably 0.0050% or less.
- REM is an element that contributes to improvement of SSC resistance, HIC resistance, and toughness by controlling the form of a sulfide inclusion. In order to obtain these effects, the REM content is preferably 0.0001 % or more. The REM content is more preferably 0.0010% or more.
- On the other hand, when the REM content is more than 0.0100%, an oxide is formed, the cleanliness of the steel deteriorates, and HIC resistance and toughness deteriorate. Therefore, even when REM is included, the REM content is 0.0100% or less. The REM content is preferably 0.0060% or less.
- In the embodiment, REM refers to rare earth elements and is a collective term for 17 elements including Sc, Y, and lanthanoids. The REM content refers to the total amount of the 17 elements.
- As described above, the base metal (the steel plate according to the embodiment) of the steel pipe according to the embodiment basically has the chemical composition including the above-described essential elements and the remainder consisting of Fe and impurities. However, the base metal may have a chemical composition including the above-described essential elements, the above-described optional elements, and the remainder consisting of Fe and impurities.
- Here, the impurities refer to elements which are incorporated from raw materials such as ore or scrap or incorporated in various environments of the production process when the steel is industrially produced, and the impurities are allowed to be included in the steel in a range where there are no adverse effects on the steel.
- Among the impurities, it is preferable that P, S, O, Sb, Sn, Co, As, Pb, Bi, and H are controlled to be in ranges described below.
- P is an impurity element, and the less the P content, the better. When the P content is more than 0.015%, HIC resistance significantly deteriorates. Therefore, the P content is 0.015% or less. The P content is preferably 0.010% or less.
- The less the P content, the better, and the lower limit thereof may be 0%. However, when the P content is reduced to less than 0.003%, the manufacturing costs significantly increase. Therefore, the lower limit of the P content in the actual steel plate is substantially 0.003%.
- S is an element that forms MnS stretched in a rolling direction during hot rolling. This stretched MnS deteriorates HIC resistance. When the S content is more than 0.0015%, HIC resistance significantly deteriorates. Therefore, the S content is 0.0015% or less. The S content is preferably 0.0010% or less.
- The less the S content, the better, and the lower limit thereof may be 0%. However, when the S content is reduced to less than 0.0001%, the manufacturing costs significantly increase. Therefore, the upper limit of the S content in the actual steel plate is substantially 0.0001%.
- O is an element that avoidably remains after deoxidation. The less the O content, the better. When the O content is more than 0.0040%, a large amount of an oxide is formed, and HIC resistance significantly deteriorates. Therefore, the O content is 0.0040% or less. The O content is preferably 0.0030% or less.
- The less the O content, the better, and the lower limit thereof may be 0%. However, when the O content is reduced to less than 0.0010%, the manufacturing costs significantly increase. Therefore, the lower limit of the O content in the actual steel plate is substantially 0.0010%.
- In addition, in consideration of the influence on the steel plate characteristics and the steel pipe characteristics, for example, the content each of Sb, Sn, Co, and As is 0.10% or less, the amount of each of Pb and Bi is 0.005% or less, and the H content is preferably 0.0005% or less.
- In the steel pipe according to the embodiment, in order to further improve strength, SSC resistance, and HIC resistance, the chemical composition of the steel plate used for the base metal of the steel pipe satisfies not only the amount of each of the elements, but also Ceq (carbon equivalent) defined by the following Expression (1) is 0.400 or less.
- In the expression, [C], [Mn], [Ni], [Cu], [Cr], [Mo], and [V] represent the contents (mass%) of C, Mn, Ni, Cu, Cr, Mo, and V.
- When Ceq is higher than 0.400, hardenability excessively increases, the maximum hardness of the surface layer microstructure of the base metal (steel plate) described below is higher than 270 Hv, and thus SSC resistance deteriorates. In addition, the maximum hardness of the internal microstructure is higher than 248 Hv, and HIC resistance deteriorates. Therefore, Ceq is 0.400 or lower. Ceq is preferably 0.350 or lower. In order to secure a predetermined strength, the lower limit of Ceq is 0.300 or higher.
- Next, the microstructure (the microstructure and the hardness thereof) of the base metal of the steel pipe according to the embodiment will be described.
- When controlled cooling is performed on the steel plate, the surface layer of the steel plate is more rapidly cooled as compared to the inside of the steel plate. This implies that a difference in mechanical properties is generated due to a difference between the microstructure of the surface layer of the steel plate and the microstructure of the inside of the steel plate. In particular, the hardness of the surface layer of the steel plate is higher than that of the inside of the steel plate. The present inventors found that, in the steel plate and the steel pipe having the above-described microstructure, SSC resistance is poor in a range (surface layer) up to 1.0 mm from the surface in the depth direction (through-thickness direction).
- On the other hand, the present inventors found that, by using recuperating during controlled cooling of the steel plate, the microstructure of the surface layer of the steel plate and the microstructure of the inside of the steel plate can be controlled, and thus an increase in the hardness of the surface layer of the steel plate can be suppressed.
- In the steel pipe according to the embodiment, in order to secure satisfactory SSC resistance and HIC resistance, the microstructure of the steel plate of the base metal is divided into (i) a microstructure (surface layer microstructure) in a range up to 1.0 mm from the surface of the steel plate in the depth direction (through-thickness direction) and (ii) a microstructure (internal microstructure) in a range up to a thickness center from an area positioned at a distance of more than 1.0 mm from the surface of the base metal in the depth direction. In each of the microstructures, the kind, the fraction (area fraction), and the hardness of the microstructure are defined.
- In the steel pipe according to the embodiment, the range up to 1.0 mm from the surface of the steel plate as the base metal in the depth direction will be referred to as "surface layer" (hereinafter, also simply referred to as "the surface layer of the steel plate). According to accelerated cooling, in particular, the hardness of the range up to a depth of 1.0 mm from the surface becomes high. Therefore, the surface layer microstructure is defined as the microstructure in a range up to 1.0 mm from the steel plate surface in the depth direction.
- The surface layer microstructure in a range up to a depth of 1.0 mm from the surface of the steel plate as the base metal includes polygonal ferrite and granular bainite, the area fraction of polygonal ferrite is 0% to 70%, the total area fraction of polygonal ferrite and granular bainite is 50% or more, and the maximum hardness is 270 Hv or lower.
- When the area fraction of polygonal ferrite in the surface layer is more than 70%, a high concentration of C accumulates on the remainder, a hardening region is formed, and thus SSC resistance deteriorates. Therefore, the area fraction of polygonal ferrite is 70% or less. The area fraction of polygonal ferrite is preferably 50% or less. In addition, in order to secure SSC resistance, the total area fraction of polygonal ferrite and granular bainite is 50% or more.
- The remainder of the surface layer microstructure may include one or more selected from the group consisting of bainite and pseudo pearlite. However, the remainder is not necessarily included. That is, the total area fraction of polygonal ferrite and granular bainite may be 100%.
- When the maximum hardness of the surface layer microstructure is higher than 270 Hv, SSC resistance deteriorates. Therefore, the maximum hardness of the surface layer microstructure is 270 Hv or lower. The maximum hardness of the surface layer microstructure is preferably 250 Hv. From the viewpoint of SSC resistance, although the lower limit of the maximum hardness of the surface layer microstructure is not necessarily determined, the maximum hardness of the surface layer microstructure is substantially 160 Hv or higher.
- The area fraction of each of the microstructures can be obtained by observing the microstructure with a scanning electron microscope (SEM), for example, at a magnification of 1000-fold. The surface layer microstructure can be obtained by observing positions of 0.1 mm, 0.2 mm, and 0.5 mm from the surface of the steel plate and obtaining the average of the area fractions at the respective positions.
- In the embodiment, polygonal ferrite is a microstructure that is observed as a massive microstructure not including a coarse precipitate such as coarse cementite or MA in grains.
- Bainite is a microstructure in which a prior austenite grain boundary is clear, a fine lath structure is developed in grains, and a fine carbide and an austenite-martensite constituent mixture are scattered in and between laths. Here, bainite also includes tempered bainite.
- Granular bainite is a microstructure that is formed at an intermediate transformation temperature between acicular ferrite and bainite, the acicular ferrite being a microstructure in which a prior austenite grain boundary is not clear and acicular-shaped ferrite (a carbide and an austenite-martensite constituent are not present) is formed in a random crystal orientation in grains. In the granular bainite, a prior austenite grain boundary partially appears, a coarse lath structure is present in grains, and a portion where a fine carbide and an austenite-martensite constituent are scattered in and between laths and a portion of acicular or amorphous ferrite where a prior austenite grain boundary is not clear are mixed.
- Pseudo pearlite is pearlite in which parallel row of cementite is arranged.
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FIG. 4 shows an example of a microstructure (observed with a scanning electron microscope at a magnification of 1000-fold) at a distance of 0.5 mm from the surface of the steel plate. InFIG. 4 , a portion, which is surrounded by a smooth curve and in which internal portion is smooth, is polygonal ferrite, and a portion where white spots are present in internal portion is granular bainite. - The maximum hardness of the surface layer microstructure is measured as follows.
- First, 300 mm×300 mm steel plates are cut out by gas cutting from positions of 1/4, 1/2, and 3/4 of the width of the steel plate (positions of 3 o'clock, 6 o'clock, and 9 o'clock when the weld of the steel pipe is 0 o'clock) from a width-direction end portion (corresponding to the seam portion in the case of the steel pipe) of the steel plate in the width direction of the steel plate. Block test pieces having a length of 20 mm and a width of 20 mm are collected by mechanical cutting from the centers of the cut steel plates and are polished by mechanical polishing. Regarding each of the block test pieces, the hardness is measured using a Vickers hardness meter (load: 100 g) at 100 points in total that are obtained by setting a point of 0.1 mm from the surface as a starting point, setting 10 pints from the starting point in a through-thickness direction at an interval of 0.1 mm, and setting 10 points at the same depth at an interval of 1.0 mm in a width direction. Unless two or more measurement points having a hardness of higher than 270 Hv among the test pieces continuously appear in the through-thickness direction as a result of the above-described measurement in every test piece, it is determined that the maximum hardness of the surface layer microstructure is 270 Hv or lower.
- When two or more measurement points having a hardness of higher than 270 Hv are continuously present in the through-thickness direction, this hardness is not an abnormal value, a microstructure having a high hardness is formed, SSC resistance deteriorates, which is not allowable. Accordingly, in the embodiment, even when one measurement point having a hardness of higher than 270 Hv is present, if two or more measurement points do not continuously appear in the through-thickness direction, this point as an abnormal point is not adopted, and the second highest value is obtained as the maximum hardness. When two or more measurement points having a hardness of higher than 270 Hv are continuously present in the through-thickness direction, the highest value is adopted as the maximum hardness.
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FIGS. 3A to 3C show the results of measuring the hardness of the surface layer microstructure at three positions corresponding to 3 O'clock, 6 O'clock, and 9 O'clock when the weld of the steel pipe is at a 0 O'clock position. Using a Vickers hardness meter, the hardness of the surface layer microstructure is measured under a load of 100 g by setting every 10 measurement points at the same depth at an interval of 0.1 mm in a region from a depth of 0.1 mm to a depth of 1.0 mm from the surface layer. It can be seen that, at all the points, the maximum hardness is 270 Hv or lower and SSC resistance is excellent. - The microstructure (internal microstructure) in a range up to a thickness center from an area positioned at a distance of more than 1.0 mm from the surface of the steel plate as the base metal in the depth direction: the area fraction of polygonal ferrite is 40% or less, the maximum hardness is 248 Hv or lower, and the average hardness is 150 to 220 Hv.
- When the area fraction of polygonal ferrite in the internal microstructure is more than 40%, it is difficult to secure a required strength and HIC resistance. Therefore, the area fraction of polygonal ferrite is 40% or less. The area fraction of polygonal ferrite is preferably 30% or less and more preferably 25% or less.
- The remainder of the internal microstructure consists of one or more selected from the group consisting of granular bainite, bainite, and pseudo pearlite.
- When the maximum hardness in the internal microstructure is higher than 248 Hv, HIC resistance deteriorates. Therefore, the maximum hardness is 248 Hv or lower. In addition, when the average hardness is lower than 150 Hv, required mechanical properties cannot be secured. Therefore, the average hardness is 150 Hv or higher. the average hardness is 160 Hv or higher. On the other hand, when the average hardness is higher than 220 Hv, HIC resistance and toughness deteriorate. Therefore, the average hardness is 220 Hv or lower. The average hardness is preferably 210 Hv or lower.
- The microstructural fraction (area fraction) of the internal microstructure can be obtained by observing a 1/4 thickness (t/4) position from the surface of the steel plate with a scanning electron microscope (SEM), for example, at a magnification of 1000-fold. The reason why the observation position is the t/4 position is that the microstructure of the t/4 position is a representative microstructure of the internal microstructure.
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FIG. 5 shows an example of the microstructure of the t/4 position (observed with a scanning electron microscope at a magnification of 1000-fold). InFIG. 5 , a portion which is surrounded by a smooth curve and in which internal portion is smooth is polygonal ferrite. In addition, a portion where white spots or a white line appears is granular bainite or pseudo pearlite, and a portion that is surrounded by a jagged white line and where a thin pattern appears is bainite. - The maximum hardness and the average hardness in the internal microstructure can be measured using the following method.
- 300 mm×300 mm steel plates are cut out by gas cutting from positions of 1/4, 1/2, and 3/4 (positions of 3 o'clock, 6 o'clock, and 9 o'clock when the weld of the steel pipe is 0 o'clock) from a width-direction end portion (corresponding to the seam portion in the case of the steel pipe) of the steel plate in the width direction of the steel plate. Block test pieces having a length of 20 mm and a width of 20 mm are collected by mechanical cutting from the centers of the cut steel plates and are polished by mechanical polishing. Regarding each of the block test pieces, the hardness is measured using a Vickers hardness meter (load: 1 kg) by setting a depth position of 1.2 mm from the surface as a starting point, setting 10 points from the starting point in a through-thickness direction at an interval of 0.2 mm, and setting 10 points at the same depth at an interval of 1.0 mm in a width direction. Unless two or more measurement points having a hardness of higher than 248 Hv continuously appear in the through-thickness direction as a result of the above-described measurement, it is determined that the maximum hardness of the surface layer microstructure is 248 Hv or lower.
- In the base metal of the steel pipe according to the embodiment, a high hardness value (abnormal value) may appear locally. However, even when this abnormal value appears, HIC resistance can be secured. On the other hand, when two or more measurement points having a hardness of higher than 248 Hv are continuously present in the through-thickness direction, HIC resistance deteriorates, which is not allowable. Accordingly, in the embodiment, even when one measurement point having a hardness of higher than 248 Hv is present, unless two or more measurement points do not continuously appear in the through-thickness direction, this point as an abnormal point is not adopted, and the second highest value is obtained as the maximum hardness. On the other hand, when two or more measurement points having a hardness of higher than 248 Hv are continuously present in the through-thickness direction, the highest value is adopted as the maximum hardness.
- In addition, the average hardness is calculated by obtaining the average value of the hardnesses at all the measurement points.
- Next, the weld of the steel pipe according to the embodiment will be described.
- The steel pipe according to the embodiment can be obtained by processing the steel plate according to the embodiment into a pipe shape, making opposite end portions (width-direction end portions of the steel pipe) of the cylindrical steel plate abut against each other, and welding the end portions. Therefore, as shown in
FIG. 1 , thesteel pipe 1 according to the embodiment includes theweld 3 that is provided in the seam portion of thesteel plate 2 and extends in the longitudinal direction of the steel plate. Typically, theweld 3 is continuously provided in a range from one end portion of thesteel plate 2 in the longitudinal direction to another end portion thereof. - In general, during steel pipe welding, the weld is provided such that the thickness is more than that of the base metal. In addition, the weld metal has a higher alloy content than the base metal and also has high corrosion resistance. Therefore, the weld does not substantially cause fracture to occur. Accordingly, the weld of the steel pipe according to the embodiment is not particularly limited as long as it is obtained by SAW welding or the like under typical conditions.
- It is preferable that the steel pipe according to the embodiment has a strength that satisfies X52 to X70 defined by API 5L in consideration of application to a line pipe.
- Next, a preferable method of manufacturing the steel pipe according to the embodiment will be described.
- As long as the steel pipe according to the embodiment has the above-described configuration, the effects thereof can be obtained irrespective of the manufacturing method thereof. For example, a manufacturing method including the following processes is preferable because the steel pipe according to the embodiment can be stably obtained.
- That is, the steel plate according to the embodiment can be obtained using a manufacturing method including:
- (i) a hot-rolling process of heating a slab having a predetermined chemical composition at 1050°C to 1250°C, subjecting the slab to hot rolling and finishing hot rolling at 830°C to 1000°C;
- (ii) an accelerated cooling process of performing accelerated cooling on the steel plate after finishing hot rolling from a surface temperature range of 750°C to 950°C to a surface temperature range of 400°C to 650°C at an average cooling rate of 15 to 100 °C/sec such that recuperating where an increase in temperature is 5°C to 65°C is performed two or more times in the middle of the accelerated cooling.
In addition, the steel pipe according to the embodiment is obtained using a manufacturing method including (i) and (ii) described above and further including: - (iii) a forming process of forming the steel plate according to the embodiment obtained as described above into a cylindrical shape; and
- (iv) a welding process of making opposite end portions of the cylindrical steel plate abut against each other and welding the end portions.
- Hereinafter, preferable conditions in each of the processes will be described.
- A slab that is manufactured by casting molten steel having the same chemical composition as that of the base metal of the steel pipe according to the embodiment is heated to 1050°C to 1250°C and subjected to hot rolling. The casting of the molten steel and the manufacturing of the slab before hot rolling may be performed using an ordinary method.
- When the slab heating temperature is lower than 1050°C, carbonitrides of non-solid-solubilized Nb and Ti are formed, and HIC resistance deteriorates. Therefore, the slab heating temperature is preferably 1050°C or higher. The slab heating temperature is more preferably 1100°C or higher. On the other hand, when the slab heating temperature is higher than 1250°C, the crystal grain size increases, and low-temperature toughness deteriorates. In addition, the austenite grain size increases, and hardenability excessively increases. As a result, a hard phase is formed in the surface layer microstructure and the internal microstructure, and SSC resistance and HIC resistance deteriorate. Therefore, the slab heating temperature is preferably 1250°C or lower. The slab heating temperature is more preferably higher than 1200°C or lower.
- During hot rolling, the slab heated to the above-described temperature is hot-rolled at a typical rolling reduction ratio to obtain a steel plate. The plate thickness may be set depending on the required thickness of a line pipe and thus is not particularly limited.
- In order to obtain the predetermined surface layer microstructure and the predetermined internal microstructure by accelerated cooling after finish rolling, the rolling finishing temperature (finishing temperature) is 830°C to 1000°C. When the rolling finishing temperature is lower than 830°C, it is difficult to obtain the surface layer microstructure and the internal microstructure. Therefore, the finish rolling temperature is preferably 830°C or higher. The finish rolling temperature is more preferably 850°C or higher.
- On the other hand, when the rolling finishing temperature is higher than 1000°C, crystal grains are coarsened, and low-temperature toughness deteriorates. Therefore, the rolling finishing temperature is preferably 1000°C or lower. The rolling finishing temperature is more preferably 900°C or lower.
-
- Cooling Start Temperature Ts: 750°C to 950°C
- Cooling Stop Temperature Tf: 400°C to 650°C
- Average Cooling Rate Vc: 15 to 100 °C/sec
- Number of Times of Recuperating: two or more
- Increase in Temperature caused by Recuperating: 5°C to 65°C (excluding recuperating after stopping final water cooling)
- In the accelerated cooling process, accelerated cooling is performed on the steel plate after finishing hot rolling from a surface temperature range of 750°C to 950°C to a surface temperature range of 400°C to 650°C at an average cooling rate of 15 to 100 °C/sec such that two or more times of recuperating where an increase in temperature from the start of cooling to the end of cooling is 5°C to 65°C is included.
- The accelerated cooling including recuperating in the middle can be performed by adjusting the amount of cooling water that is sprayed to the steel plate per cooling zone in a cooling facility in which a plurality of divided cooling zones are arranged in a longitudinal direction of the steel plate (conveyance direction).
-
FIG. 2 shows an example of cooling curves of the steel plate. Four cooling curves include a cooling curve of the thickness middle portion (1/2 thickness portion), a cooling curve of a 1/4 thickness position (t/4 portion) from the surface, a cooling curve of a portion of a depth of 1.0 mm from the surface, and a cooling curve of the steel plate surface. Accelerated cooling is performed on the entire steel plate from the cooling start temperature (Ts) of 830°C to about 620°C for about 10 seconds such that recuperating is performed three times in the middle. - During this cooling, the cooling start temperature Ts and the cooling stop temperature Tf are points shown in the drawing, and the average cooling rate Vc can be obtained by dividing a temperature change ΔT (cooling start temperature Ts-cooling stop temperature Tf) by a cooling time Δt (the time for which water cooling is performed).
- It can be seen from
FIG. 2 that the temperature of the steel plate surface during cooling is temporarily increased by recuperating due to sensible heat inside the steel plate as a result of adjusting the amount of cooling water sprayed per cooling zone. On the other hand, the cooling curve of the steel plate surface and the cooling curve of the portion of a depth of 1.0 mm from the surface are affected by recuperating. However, the cooling curve of the thickness middle portion (1/2 thickness portion) and the cooling curve of the 1/4 thickness portion are not affected by recuperating, and it can be seen that the inside of the steel plate is cooled at a substantially constant cooling rate. - When the cooling start temperature Ts is lower than 750°C, in the surface layer microstructure, coarse ferrite is formed after rolling, and a microstructure having a high hardness such as martensite is formed as the remainder. As a result, SSC resistance deteriorates. In addition, when the cooling start temperature Ts is lower than 750°C, the ferrite fraction in the internal microstructure is excessively large, and the hardness of a hard phase is also high. Therefore, the cooling start temperature Ts is preferably 750°C or higher. The cooling start temperature Ts is more preferably 780°C or higher.
- On the other hand, in a case where the cooling start temperature Ts is higher than 950°C, even when recuperating is performed two or more times, the maximum hardness of the surface layer microstructure is higher than 270 Hv, and SSC resistance deteriorates. Therefore, the cooling start temperature Ts is preferably 950°C or lower. The cooling start temperature Ts is more preferably 880°C or lower.
- When the cooling stop temperature Tf is lower than 400°C, the average hardness of the internal microstructure is higher than 220 Hv, and HIC resistance deteriorates. Therefore, the cooling stop temperature Tf is preferably 400°C or higher. The cooling stop temperature Tf is more preferably 480°C or higher. On the other hand, when the cooling stop temperature Tf is higher than 650°C, the average hardness of the internal microstructure is lower than 150 Hv, and there may be a case where the predetermined strength cannot be satisfied. In addition, a microstructure having a high hardness is locally formed, and SSC resistance and HIC resistance may deteriorate. Therefore, the cooling stop temperature Tf is preferably 650°C or lower. The cooling stop temperature Tf is more preferably 580°C or lower.
- When the average cooling rate Vc is slower than 15 °C/sec, polygonal ferrite having an area fraction of more than 70% is formed in the surface layer microstructure. In addition, in the internal microstructure polygonal ferrite having an area fraction of more than 40% is formed. In this case, the strength as a line pipe cannot be secured. Therefore, the average cooling rate Vc is preferably 15 °C/sec or faster. The average cooling rate Vc is more preferably 25 °C/sec or faster.
- On the other hand, when the average cooling rate Vc is faster than 100 °C/sec, martensite transformation occurs, the hardness of the surface layer microstructure is higher than 270 Hv, and SSC resistance deteriorates. In addition, the maximum hardness of the internal microstructure is higher than 248 Hv, and HIC resistance deteriorates. Therefore, the average cooling rate Vc is preferably 100 °C/sec or slower. The average cooling rate Vc is more preferably 80 °C/sec or slower.
- When the number of times of recuperating where the recuperated temperature during accelerated cooling is in a predetermined range is one or less, the hardness of the surface layer microstructure is higher than 270 Hv, and SSC resistance deteriorates. Therefore, the number of times of recuperating is two or more.
-
FIG. 2 shows the cooling curve when the number of times of recuperating is three. However, the number of times of recuperating may be appropriately determined between the cooling start temperature and the cooling stop temperature depending on the kind of steel or the plate threading speed. - In the steel plate according to the embodiment, cooling is performed in a film boiling state in order to form a predetermined microstructure. In order to perform cooling in the film boiling state, recuperating is not completed during water cooling, and an increase in the temperature caused by recuperating is 65°C or lower. When the temperature increase caused by recuperating is higher than 65°C, coarse ferrite is formed, and a predetermined microstructure cannot be obtained. On the other hand, when the temperature increase caused by recuperating is lower than 5°C, the effect of recuperating cannot be obtained. Therefore, the width of the temperature increase caused by recuperating is preferably 5°C to 65°C. The width of the temperature increase caused by recuperating is preferably 10°C to 65°C. However, regarding the final recuperating after stopping water cooling, the width of the temperature increase caused by recuperating is not necessarily 5°C to 65°C.
- When the temperature of the steel plate is increased during cooling by induction heating or the like instead of recuperating, the temperature of the inside of the steel plate also increases. Therefore, even when heating is performed by induction heating or the like instead of recuperating, a predetermined microstructure cannot be obtained.
- When recuperating where a temperature increase is 5°C to 65°C is performed two or more times, it is preferable that the first recuperating is performed such that the steel plate surface temperature after recuperating is 500°C or higher. Even when the steel plate surface temperature after the first recuperating is lower than 500°C, the surface layer microstructure having satisfactory SSC resistance and the internal microstructure having satisfactory HIC resistance can be secured. However, in order to stably secure the surface layer microstructure having satisfactory SSC resistance and the internal microstructure having satisfactory HIC resistance, it is preferable that the first recuperating is performed such that the steel plate surface temperature after recuperating is 500°C or higher.
- After a short time from the stop of water cooling, a temperature difference between the surface temperature and the center temperature is eliminated. For example, in
FIG. 2 , at about 620°C, there is no temperature difference between the surface layer of the steel plate (surface temperature) and the inside of the steel plate (center temperature), and the steel plate temperature is stable. Subsequently, it is preferable to perform cooling up to 300°C or lower at an average cooling rate of 0.5 °C/sec to 5.0 °C/sec. As long as the average cooling rate is 0.5 °C/sec to 5.0 °C/sec, air cooling may be performed. When the average cooling rate is slower than 0.5 °C/sec, the predetermined strength cannot be obtained. On the other hand, when the average cooling rate is faster than 5.0 °C/sec, the toughness of the center portion deteriorates. - The formation of the steel plate according to the embodiment into the steel pipe is not limited to a specific forming method. Warm working can also be used, but cold working is preferable from the viewpoint of dimensional accuracy.
- Next, opposite end portions of the steel plate formed into a cylindrical shape are made to abut against each other, and the end portions are welded. Welding is not limited to a specific welding method, but submerged arc welding (SAW) is preferable. Welding conditions may be well-known conditions depending on the plate thickness and the like.
- In the method of manufacturing the steel pipe according to the embodiment, a heat treatment (seam heat treatment) may be performed such that a microstructure (ferrite and pearlite having an area fraction of more than 10%) that deteriorates the toughness of the weld is not formed. The heat treatment temperature may be a typical temperature range and is preferably in a range of 300°C to the
Ac 1 point. - A heat treatment is not performed on the base metal of the steel pipe according to the embodiment. Therefore, the microstructure of the base metal is the same as the microstructure of the steel plate according to the embodiment. The base metal of the steel pipe according to the embodiment has the same microstructure as that of the steel plate according to the embodiment, and thus mechanical properties for use in a line pipe and satisfactory local weldability. In addition, since the weldability of the steel plate according to the embodiment is satisfactory, the weld of the steel pipe according to the embodiment has satisfactory mechanical properties. Accordingly, the steel pipe according to the embodiment is suitable as a steel pipe for a line pipe.
- Next, examples of the present invention will be described. However, the conditions of the examples are merely exemplary examples to confirm the operability and the effects of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to these condition examples. The present invention can adopt various conditions within a range not departing from the scope of the present invention as long as the object of the present invention can be achieved under the conditions.
- A slab having a chemical composition and Ceq shown in Table 1 was hot-rolled and cooled under conditions shown in Table 2. As a result, a steel plate was manufactured. In Table 2, the number of times of recuperating is the number of times of recuperating where a temperature increase was 5°C or higher. In addition, the maximum width of recuperating temperature is the width of a temperature increase during recuperating where the width of the temperature increase was the maximum.
[Table 1] Kind of Steel Chemical Composition (Remainder: Fe and Im purities) Ceq C Si Mn P S Al Ti Nb Ca N O Ni Mo Cr Cu V Mg REM 1 0.046 0.22 1.39 0.006 0.0002 0.019 0.012 0.018 0.0016 0.0021 0.0014 0.11 0.19 0.338 2 0.044 0.24 1.38 0.009 0.0003 0.040 0.011 0.018 0.0022 0.0032 0.0021 0.16 0.23 0.21 0.040 0.353 3 0.042 0.21 1.37 0.005 0.0002 0,032 0.012 0.021 0.0018 0.0028 0.0017 0.17 0.304 4 0.055 0.31 1.62 0.008 0.0002 0.026 0.011 0.044 0.0019 0.0022 0.0011 0.325 5 0.067 0.11 1.40 0.009 0.0006 0.019 0.009 0.032 0.0039 0.0029 0.0032 0.300 6 0.031 0.22 1.64 0.005 0.0002 0.013 0.011 0.007 0.0028 0.0021 0.0013 0.304 7 0.042 0.32 1.45 0.007 0.0003 0.021 0.019 0.009 0.0022 0.0029 0.0017 0.15 0.20 0.354 8 0.051 0.22 1.47 0.011 0.0005 0.027 0.011 0.026 0.0024 0.0043 0.0019 0.20 0.012 0.312 9 0.039 0.34 1.43 0.009 0.0004 0.032 0.013 0.028 0.0049 0.0031 0.0039 0.20 0.10 0.27 0.040 0.373 10 0.033 0.01 1.38 0.012 0.0009 0.019 0.017 0.021 0.0031 0.0016 0.0021 0.10 0.098 0.0032 0.303 11 0.027 0.19 1.43 0.009 0.0012 0.028 0.012 0.029 0.0033 0.0032 0.0019 0.15 0.15 0.0025 0.285 12 0.075 0.21 1.64 0.017 0.0008 0.021 0.022 0.018 0.0029 0.0033 0.0018 0.20 0.25 0.412 13 0.041 0.004 1.43 0.009 0.0008 0.021 0.011 0.021 0.0032 0.0031 0.0043 0.20 0.13 0.319 14 0.048 0.29 1.03 0.008 0.0005 0.029 0.011 0.029 0.0033 0.0032 0.0018 0.20 0.20 0.273 15 0.051 0.29 1.68 0.008 0.0004 0.019 0.003 0.018 0.0026 0.0032 0.0018 0.331 16 0.048 0.29 1.44 0.012 0.0017 0.031 0.009 0.044 0.0007 0.0038 0.0017 0.20 0.20 0.315 17 0.041 0.31 1.45 0.003 0.0005 0.008 0.014 0.042 0.0057 0.0029 0.0023 0.20 0.20 0.309 18 0.039 0.11 1.48 0.004 0.0005 0.043 0.013 0.044 0.0031 0.0029 0.0019 0.10 0.306 19 0.044 0.29 1.39 0.007 0.0006 0.033 0.012 0.003 0.0036 0.0031 0.0029 0.10 0.120 0.320 20 0.058 0.31 1.11 0.008 0.0007 0.029 0.008 0.021 0.0031 0.0033 0.0021 0.35 0.15 0.48 0.35 0.416 21 0.051 0.29 1.21 0.008 0.0004 0.027 0.013 0.031 0.0029 0.0075 0.0021 0.54 0.30 0.0120 0.421 22 0.044 0.11 1.41 0.008 0.0002 0.026 0.011 0.039 0.0024 0.0042 0.0023 0.60 0.25 0.60 0.0120 0.409 23 0.072 0.21 1.38 0.008 0.0004 0.040 0.011 0.042 0.0022 0.0032 0.0019 0.10 0.20 0.362 24 0.048 0.22 1.37 0.017 0.0005 0.032 0.012 0.038 0.0023 0.0021 0.0018 0.21 0.21 0.360 25 0.042 0.21 1.42 0.008 0.0002 0.032 0.022 0.032 0.0021 0.0031 0.0018 0.20 0.319 26 0.038 0.20 1.68 0.007 0.0002 0.022 0.009 0.021 0.0025 0.0033 0.0019 0.22 0.362 27 0.032 0.23 1.43 0.007 0 .0017 0.022 0.010 0.015 0.0014 0.0042 0.0021 0.19 0.308 28 0.038 0.24 1.29 0.008 0.0008 0.019 0.011 0.015 0.0053 0.0032 0.0018 0.30 0.20 0.30 0.333 29 0.042 0.21 1.29 0.005 0.0005 0.038 0.012 0.022 0.0008 0.0034 0.0019 0.20 0.17 0.331 30 0.048 0.19 1.39 0.006 0.0005 0.009 0.014 0.028 0.0016 0.0038 0.0015 0.23 0.326 31 0.046 0.13 1.44 0.004 0.0004 0.023 0.017 0.003 0.0018 0.0022 0.0015 0.24 0.334 32 0.045 0.23 1.42 0.008 0.0004 0.021 0.011 0.048 0.0021 0.0021 0.0016 0.10 0.31 0.364 33 0.052 0.24 1.33 0.007 0.0002 0.026 0.008 0.036 0.0028 0.0072 0.0025 0.10 0.21 0.336 34 0.039 0.22 1.35 0.007 0.0004 0.030 0.007 0.032 0.0021 0.0034 0.0029 0.60 0.10 0.324 [Table 2] Manufacturing No. Kind of Steel Product Thickness Heating Temperature Rolling Finishing Temperature Cooling Start Temperature Average Cooling Rate Cooling Stop Temperature Number of Times of Recuperating Maximum Width of Recuperated Temperature mm °C °C °C °C/sec °C Times °C S1 1 8 1250 990 948 45 550 3 35 S2 2 8 1250 950 940 99 455 2 65 S3 3 20 1180 880 800 45 530 3 35 S4 4 11 1200 944 812 21 602 4 35 S5 5 42 1140 830 785 70 520 4 34 S6 6 13 1060 880 810 25 570 4 28 S7 7 20 1150 859 790 45 495 4 33 S8 8 13 1200 835 780 60 539 2 45 S9 9 32 1150 830 760 88 451 3 64 S10 10 10 1200 930 813 65 470 3 48 S11 1 20 1180 840 800 35 475 3 42 S12 1 20 1180 830 775 42 495 4 26 S13 1 10 1180 880 825 38 465 2 15 S14 11 10 1200 935 800 26 580 4 33 S15 12 10 1200 935 800 26 580 4 33 S16 13 10 1200 935 800 26 580 4 33 S17 14 10 1200 935 800 26 580 4 33 S18 15 10 1200 935 800 26 580 4 33 S19 16 10 1200 935 800 26 580 4 33 S20 17 10 1200 935 800 26 580 4 33 S21 18 13 1200 935 824 18 605 4 39 S22 19 13 1200 935 824 18 605 4 39 S23 20 13 1200 935 824 18 605 4 39 S24 21 13 1200 935 824 18 605 4 39 S25 22 13 1200 935 824 18 605 4 39 S26 23 20 1160 855 805 32 475 3 27 S27 24 20 1160 855 805 32 475 3 27 S28 25 20 1160 855 805 32 475 3 27 S29 26 20 1160 855 805 32 475 3 27 S30 27 20 1160 855 805 32 475 3 27 S31 28 20 1160 855 805 32 475 3 27 S32 29 20 1160 855 805 32 475 3 27 S33 30 20 1160 855 805 32 475 3 27 S34 31 20 1160 855 805 32 475 3 27 S35 32 20 1160 855 805 32 475 3 27 S36 33 20 1160 855 805 32 475 3 27 S37 34 20 1160 855 805 32 475 3 27 S38 1 11 1000 930 790 35 600 4 35 S39 1 11 1280 930 790 35 600 4 35 S40 1 11 1250 1030 790 120 600 4 35 S41 1 11 1200 800 730 35 600 4 35 S42 1 11 1200 930 790 35 670 4 35 S43 1 20 1200 930 790 85 370 1 35 S44 1 32 1200 930 790 90 400 0 - S45 1 40 1200 930 790 140 300 1 30 S46 1 20 1180 855 805 135 425 2 27 S47 1 20 1180 825 765 40 435 3 32 S48 1 20 1180 860 745 37 485 3 28 S49 1 20 1180 985 960 44 465 3 38 S50 1 20 1180 865 800 38 375 3 32 S51 1 20 1180 840 800 35 475 1 42 S52 1 20 1180 930 813 65 470 2 75 - A test piece was collected from the manufactured steel plate, the surface layer microstructure (positions of 0.1 mm, 0.2 mm, and 0.5 mm) and the internal microstructure (t/4 position) were observed with a SEM at a magnification of 1000-fold and the fractions (area fractions) of polygonal ferrite, granular bainite, and the remainder were calculated. The remainder of the surface layer microstructure consisted of one or more selected from the group consisting of bainite and pseudo pearlite, and the remainder of the internal microstructure consisted of one or more selected from the group consisting of granular bainite, bainite, and pseudo pearlite.
- In addition, a JIS No.5 tensile test piece was prepared, and a tensile test according to JIS Z 2241 was performed to measure a yield strength and a tensile strength.
- In addition, the hardness was measured using a Vickers hardness meter. The hardness of the surface layer microstructure was measured under a load of 100 g by setting every 10 points at the same depth at an interval of 0.1 mm in a region from a depth of 0.1 mm to a depth of 1.0 mm from the surface layer. On the other hand, the hardness of the internal microstructure was measured under a load of 1 kg by setting every 10 points at the same depth at an interval of 0.2 mm in a region from a depth of 1.2 mm from the surface layer to the thickness center. Based on the results, the maximum hardness of the surface layer microstructure was obtained, and the maximum hardness and the average hardness of the internal microstructure were obtained.
- Further, a test piece was collected from the manufactured steel plate, and the following test was performed to evaluate HIC resistance and SSC resistance.
- A test according to TM0284 of NACE (National Association of Corrosion and Engineer) was performed to observe whether or not hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) occurred. When the HIC area fraction was 5% or less, HIC resistance was evaluated to be satisfactory (OK). When the HIC area fraction was more than 5%, HIC resistance was evaluated to be poor (NG).
- The NACE test is a test in which hydrogen sulfide gas is saturated in a solution including 5% NaCl solution+0.5 acetic acid and having a pH of 2.7 and the steel plate is dipped in the solution for 96 hours to observe whether or not cracking occur.
- A full thickness test piece having a width of 15 mm and a length of 115 mm was collected from the steel plate in a width direction, and SSC resistance was evaluated in a 4 point bending test according to TM0284m ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) G39 of NACE.
- In the 4 point bending test, the test piece to which a stress corresponding to 90% of 0.2% proof stress derived from the tensile test was applied was dipped for 720 hours in an aqueous solution including 5% sodium chloride +0.5 acetic acid at normal temperature (24°C) and having a pH of 2.7 in which hydrogen sulfide gas of 1 atm was saturated, and the test piece surface was observed at a magnification of 10-fold to determine whether or not SSC occurred.
- A test piece where SSC did not occur was evaluated as "Pass (OK)", and a test piece where SSC occurred was evaluated as "Fail (NG)". The results are shown in Table 3.
[Table 3] Manufacturing No. Kind of Steel Surface laver Microstructure Internal Microstructure Properties Area Fraction of Polygonal Ferrite (%) Total Area Fraction of Polygonal Ferrite and Granular Bainite (%) Maximum Hardness (Load: 100 g) (Hv) Area Fraction of Polygonal Ferrite (%) Maximum Hardness (Load: 1 kg) (Hv) Average Hardness (Load: 1 kg) (Hv) Yield Strength (MPa) Tensile Strength (MPa) SSC Test HIC Test S1 1 15 97 248 5 225 195 476 595 OK OK S2 2 55 94 222 12 212 193 473 588 OK OK S3 3 45 94 190 35 165 154 393 482 OK OK S4 4 31 97 225 15 212 193 473 588 OK OK S5 5 12 95 232 13 205 193 520 583 OK OK S6 6 65 88 205 28 199 178 444 543 OK OK S7 7 13 91 218 6 186 178 452 535 OK OK S8 8 35 91 222 29 188 178 430 544 OK OK S9 9 55 87 268 22 196 184 472 565 OK OK S10 10 20 95 232 20 208 189 460 575 OK OK S11 1 55 92 232 5 218 202 533 627 OK OK S12 1 65 93 235 28 205 182 461 565 OK OK S13 1 0 95 248 0 227 205 547 634 OK OK S14 11 68 89 266 62 288 168 407 512 OK NG S15 12 0 43 278 0 277 223 578 680 NG NG S16 13 35 99 242 12 240 193 478 590 OK NG S17 14 82 95 288 75 293 159 390 480 NG NG S18 15 43 94 232 10 278 196 489 599 OK NG S19 16 35 94 243 15 236 190 466 580 OK NG S20 17 45 85 240 21 232 190 470 578 OK NG S21 18 25 94 249 14 229 198 485 605 OK NG S22 19 38 85 222 25 225 193 470 588 OK NG S23 20 0 44 272 0 286 240 599 729 NG NG S24 21 0 47 288 0 301 235 605 713 NG NG S25 22 0 41 292 0 312 236 570 720 NG NG S26 23 12 49 278 13 265 212 512 645 NG NG S27 24 43 85 242 22 243 183 465 576 OK NG S28 25 50 87 236 19 229 178 439 558 OK NG S29 26 21 85 244 9 258 192 478 598 OK NG S30 27 52 88 233 15 212 182 448 553 OK NG S31 28 49 85 238 12 228 179 445 558 OK NG S32 29 43 99 233 13 222 180 449 558 OK NG S33 30 42 85 234 9 214 182 448 559 OK NG S34 31 68 85 243 33 258 158 448 498 OK NG S35 32 48 85 238 12 222 182 444 561 OK NG S36 33 44 89 248 18 228 186 448 563 OK NG S37 34 45 85 253 14 225 184 443 561 NG OK S38 1 65 93 248 55 277 174 420 530 OK NG S39 1 0 34 333 0 298 233 565 710 NG NG S40 1 0 24 323 0 289 239 589 729 NG NG S41 1 75 95 308 55 253 190 519 578 NG NG S42 1 78 95 322 60 323 172 435 525 NG NG S43 1 10 35 288 19 278 190 471 578 NG NG S44 1 5 91 299 17 196 172 428 535 NG OK S45 1 10 45 305 20 255 191 466 582 NG NG S46 1 8 16 312 4 290 220 583 665 NG NG S47 1 73 85 277 18 232 188 461 563 NG OK S48 1 78 99 292 35 261 180 418 542 NG NG S49 1 44 85 273 18 242 203 540 633 NG OK S50 1 54 48 282 12 258 208 544 634 NG NG S51 1 38 85 272 5 214 201 533 622 NG OK S52 1 72 91 282 16 207 199 503 612 NG OK - The steel plate shown in Table 3 was formed into a pipe shape by C-press, U-press, and O-press, end surfaces were temporarily welded, main welding was performed from internal and external surfaces, and the steel pipe was expanded. As a result, a steel pipe for a line pipe was obtained. As the main welding, submerged arc welding was adopted. Manufacturing No. of the steel plate relates to Manufacturing No. of the steel pipe. For example, the steel pipe of Manufacturing No. T1 was manufactured using the steel plate of Manufacturing No. S1. the steel pipe of Manufacturing No. T2 was manufactured using the steel plate of Manufacturing No. S2.
- A test piece was collected from the manufactured steel plate, the surface layer microstructure (positions of 0.1 mm, 0.2 mm, and 0.5 mm) and the internal microstructure (t/4 position) were observed with a scanning electron microscope at a magnification of 1000-fold to calculate the fractions (area fractions) of polygonal ferrite, granular bainite, and the remainder.
- In addition, a JIS No.5 tensile test piece was prepared, and a tensile test according to JIS Z 2241 was performed to measure a yield strength and a tensile strength.
- In addition, the hardness was measured using a Vickers hardness meter. The hardness of the surface layer microstructure was measured under a load of 100 g by setting every 10 points at the same depth at an interval of 0.1 mm in a region from a depth of 0.1 mm to a depth of 1.0 mm from the surface layer. On the other hand, the hardness of the internal microstructure was measured under a load of 1 kg by setting every 10 points at the same depth at an interval of 0.2 mm in a region from a depth of 1.2 mm from the surface layer to the thickness center.
- Further, a test piece was collected from the manufactured steel plate, and the following test was performed to evaluate HIC resistance and SSC resistance.
- A test according to TM0284 of NACE (National Association of Corrosion and Engineer) was performed to observe whether or not hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) occurred. When the HIC area fraction was 5% or less, HIC resistance was evaluated to be satisfactory (OK). When the HIC area fraction was more than 5%, HIC resistance was evaluated to be poor (NG).
- The NACE test is a test in which hydrogen sulfide gas is saturated in a solution including 5% NaCl solution+0.5 acetic acid and having a pH of 2.7 and the steel plate is dipped in the solution for 96 hours to observe whether or not cracking occur.
- A full thickness test piece having a width of 15 mm and a length of 115 mm was collected from the steel plate in a width direction (direction perpendicular to a rolling direction), and SSC resistance was evaluated in a 4 point bending test according to TM0284mASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) G39 of NACE.
- In the 4 point bending test, the test piece to which a stress corresponding to 90% of 0.2% proof stress derived from the tensile test was applied was dipped for 720 hours in an aqueous solution including 5% sodium chloride +0.5 acetic acid at normal temperature (24°C) and having a pH of 2.7 in which hydrogen sulfide gas of 1 atm was saturated, and the test piece surface was observed at a magnification of 10-fold to determine whether or not SSC occurred. A test piece where SSC did not occur was evaluated as "Pass (OK)", and a test piece where SSC occurred was evaluated as "Fail (NG)". The results are shown in Table 4.
[Table 4] Manufacturing No. Kind of Steel Outer Diameter (mm) Inner Diameter (mm) Surface layer Microstructure Internal Microstructure Properties Note Area Fraction of Polygonal Ferrite (%) Total Area Fraction of Polygonal Ferrite and Granular Bainite (%) Maximum Hardness (Load: 100 g) (Hv) Area Fraction of Polygonal Ferrite (%) Maximum Hardness (Load: 1 kg) (Hv) Average Hardness (Load: 1 kg) (Hv) Yield Strength (MPa) Tensile Strength (MPa) SSC Test HIC Test T1 1 457.2 8 15 97 249 5 226 202 561 623 OK OK Example T2 2 457.2 8 55 94 226 12 212 196 554 616 OK OK T3 3 609.6 20 45 94 192 35 165 159 467 519 OK OK T4 4 609.6 11 31 97 227 15 213 196 555 616 OK OK T5 5 609.6 42 12 95 234 13 207 206 632 670 OK OK T6 6 508.0 13 65 88 206 28 201 183 520 577 OK OK T7 7 609.6 20 13 91 219 6 186 184 523 577 OK OK T8 8 609.6 13 35 91 223 29 188 182 516 574 OK OK T9 9 609.6 32 55 87 268 22 198 194 588 631 OK OK T10 10 609.6 10 20 95 233 20 209 192 541 601 OK OK T11 1 812.8 20 55 92 235 5 221 207 599 665 OK OK T12 1 7620 20 65 93 237 28 207 187 541 601 OK OK T13 1 457.2 10 0 95 248 0 227 209 602 669 OK OK T14 11 457.2 10 68 89 268 62 288 172 486 541 OK NG Comparative Example T15 12 457.2 10 0 43 280 0 279 228 646 718 NG NG T16 13 457.2 10 35 99 244 12 241 197 561 623 OK NG T17 14 457.2 10 82 95 292 75 296 162 456 507 NG NG T18 15 457.2 10 43 94 233 10 279 200 569 632 OK NG T19 16 457.2 10 35 94 244 15 236 194 551 612 OK NG T20 17 457.2 10 45 85 242 21 232 194 549 610 OK NG T21 18 508.0 13 25 94 250 14 231 203 579 643 OK NG T22 19 508.0 13 38 85 223 25 225 198 563 625 OK NG T23 20 508.0 13 0 44 276 0 286 246 698 775 NG NG T24 21 508.0 13 0 47 291 0 303 241 682 758 NG NG T25 22 508.0 13 0 41 299 0 312 242 689 765 NG NG T26 23 609.6 20 12 49 283 13 268 219 626 695 NG NG T27 24 609.6 20 43 85 243 22 243 189 559 621 OK NG T28 25 609.6 20 50 87 239 19 231 184 541 601 OK NG T29 26 609.6 20 21 85 244 9 258 198 580 644 OK NG T30 27 609.6 20 52 88 234 15 221 188 536 596 OK NG T31 28 609.6 20 49 85 241 12 228 185 541 601 OK NG T32 29 609.6 20 43 99 235 13 224 186 541 601 OK NG T33 30 609.6 20 42 85 234 9 218 188 542 602 OK NG T34 31 609.6 20 68 85 248 33 260 163 483 537 OK NG T35 32 609.6 20 48 85 239 12 224 188 544 605 OK NG T36 33 609.6 20 44 89 248 18 231 192 546 607 OK NG T37 34 609.6 20 45 85 255 14 225 190 544 605 NG OK' T38 1 609.6 11 65 93 251 55 277 177 500 555 OK NG T39 1 609.6 11 0 34 334 0 301 237 670 744 NG NG T40 1 609.6 11 0 24 323 0 289 243 688 764 NG NG T41 1 609.6 11 75 95 308 55 255 193 545 606 NG NG T42 1 609.6 11 78 95 323 60 323 175 495 550 NG NG T43 1 609.6 20 10 35 291 19 280 196 561 623 NG NG T44 1 812.8 32 5 91 301 17 199 179 525 584 NG OK T45 1 812.8 40 10 45 309 20 260 200 582 646 NG NG T46 1 609.6 20 8 16 316 4 295 227 645 717 NG NG T47 1 609.6 20 73 85 279 18 234 194 546 607 NG OK T48 1 609.6 20 78 99 297 35 261 186 526 584 NG NG T49 1 609.6 20 44 85 278 18 242 210 614 682 NG OK T50 1 609.6 20 54 48 285 12 261 215 615 683 NG NG T51 1 609.6 20 38 85 278 5 214 208 603 670 NG OK T52 1 609.6 20 72 91 286 16 209 206 594 660 NG OK - According to the present invention, it is possible to provide: a steel pipe for a line pipe that is suitable for a line pipe and has a strength of API X52 to X70 grade and satisfactory SSC resistance and HIC resistance; and a steel plate having satisfactory SSC resistance and HIC resistance that is used as a base metal of the steel pipe. Accordingly, the present invention is highly applicable to the steel plate manufacturing industry and the energy industry.
-
- 1: STEEL PIPE
- 2: STEEL PLATE (BASE METAL)
- 3: WELD
Claims (4)
- A steel pipe comprising:a base metal that includes a cylindrical steel plate; anda weld that is provided in a seam portion of the steel plate and extends in a longitudinal direction of the steel plate,wherein the steel plate includes, as a chemical composition, by mass%,C: 0.030% to 0.070%,Si: 0.005% to 0.50%,Mn: 1.05% to 1.65%,Al: 0.010% to 0.070%,Ti: 0.005% to 0.020%,Nb: 0.005% to 0.045%,Ca: 0.0010% to 0.0050%,N: 0.0015% to 0.0070%,Ni: 0% to 0.50%,Mo: 0% to 0.50%,Cr: 0% to 0.50%,Cu: 0% to 0.50%,V: 0% to 0.100%,Mg: 0% to 0.0100%,REM: 0% to 0.0100%,P: limited to 0.015% or less,S: limited to 0.0015% or less,O: limited to 0.0040% or less, anda remainder of Fe and impurities,Ceq defined by the following Expression (1) in the chemical composition is 0.300 to 0.400,a surface layer microstructure that is a microstructure in a range up to 1.0 mm from a surface of the base metal in a depth direction includes a polygonal ferrite and a granular bainite,an area fraction of the polygonal ferrite in the surface layer microstructure is 0 to 70%,a total area fraction of the polygonal ferrite and the granular bainite in the surface layer microstructure is 50% or more,a maximum hardness in the surface layer microstructure is 270 Hv or lower,an area fraction of a polygonal ferrite in an internal microstructure that is a microstructure in a range up to a thickness center from an area positioned at a distance of more than 1.0 mm from the surface of the base metal in the depth direction is 40% or less,a maximum hardness in the internal microstructure is 248 Hv or lower, andwhere [C], [Mn], [Ni], [Cu], [Cr], [Mo], and [V] represent the amounts of C, Mn, Ni, Cu, Cr, Mo, and V by mass%.
- The steel pipe according to claim 1,
wherein the chemical composition includes, by mass%, one or more selected from the group consisting of
Ni: 0.05% to 0.50%,
Mo: 0.05% to 0.50%,
Cr: 0.05% to 0.50%,
Cu: 0.05% to 0.50%,
V: 0.010% to 0.100%,
Mg: 0.0001% to 0.0100%, and
REM: 0.0001% to 0.0100%. - The steel pipe according to claim 1 or 2,
wherein a remainder of the surface layer microstructure consists of one or more selected from the group consisting of a bainite and a pseudo pearlite, and
a remainder of the internal microstructure consists of one or more selected from the group consisting of a granular bainite, a bainite, and a pseudo pearlite. - A steel plate that is used as the base metal of the steel pipe according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
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PCT/JP2017/033706 WO2019058420A1 (en) | 2017-09-19 | 2017-09-19 | Steel pipe and steel plate |
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JP (1) | JP6319539B1 (en) |
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CN112313357B (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2021-12-31 | 日本制铁株式会社 | Steel pipe and steel plate |
JP7119888B2 (en) * | 2018-10-19 | 2022-08-17 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | Steel plate for UOE steel pipe and manufacturing method thereof |
KR102551615B1 (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2023-07-05 | 제이에프이 스틸 가부시키가이샤 | Electric resistance steel pipe, manufacturing method thereof, and steel pipe pile |
JP7295470B2 (en) * | 2020-01-17 | 2023-06-21 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | steel plate and pipe |
EP4116453A4 (en) * | 2020-03-04 | 2023-03-22 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Steel pipe and steel sheet |
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EP3686305A4 (en) | 2021-01-27 |
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CN111094608B (en) | 2021-10-26 |
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